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Xu Y, Zhou C, Zong M, Zhu J, Guo X, Sun Z. High-protein high-konjac glucomannan diets changed glucose and lipid metabolism by modulating colonic microflora and bile acid profiles in healthy mouse models. Food Funct 2024; 15:4446-4461. [PMID: 38563504 DOI: 10.1039/d4fo00159a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
High protein and fiber diets are becoming increasingly popular for weight loss; however, the benefits or risks of high protein and fiber diets with a normal calorie level for healthy individuals still need to be elucidated. In this study, we explored the role and mechanisms of long-term high protein and/or konjac glucomannan diets on the metabolic health of healthy mouse models. We found that high konjac glucomannan contents improved the glucose tolerance of mice and both high protein and high konjac glucomannan contents improved the serum lipid profile but increased the TNF-α levels. In the liver, high dietary protein contents reduced the expression of the FASN gene related to fatty acid synthesis. Interactions of dietary protein and fiber were shown in the signaling pathways related to lipid and glucose metabolism of the liver and the inflammatory status of the colon, wherein the high protein and high konjac glucomannan diet downregulated the expression of the SREBF1 and FXR genes in the liver and downregulated the expression of TNF-α genes in the colon compared to the high protein diet. High konjac glucomannan contents reduced the colonic secondary bile acid levels including DCA and LCA; this was largely associated with the changed microbiota profile and also contributed to improved lipid and glucose homeostasis. In conclusion, high protein diets improved lipid homeostasis and were not a risk to metabolic health, while high fiber diets improved glucose and lipid homeostasis by modulating colonic microbiota and bile acid profiles, and a high protein diet supplemented with konjac glucomannan might improve hepatic lipid homeostasis and colonic inflammation in healthy mouse models through long-term intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yetong Xu
- Laboratory for Bio-Feed and Molecular Nutrition, Department of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, P. R. China.
| | - Chengyu Zhou
- Laboratory for Bio-Feed and Molecular Nutrition, Department of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, P. R. China.
| | - Minyue Zong
- Laboratory for Bio-Feed and Molecular Nutrition, Department of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, P. R. China.
| | - Junwei Zhu
- Laboratory for Bio-Feed and Molecular Nutrition, Department of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, P. R. China.
| | - Xutong Guo
- Laboratory for Bio-Feed and Molecular Nutrition, Department of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, P. R. China.
| | - Zhihong Sun
- Laboratory for Bio-Feed and Molecular Nutrition, Department of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, P. R. China.
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Deng Z, Xie D, Cai J, Jiang J, Pan D, Liao H, Liu X, Xu Y, Li H, Shen Q, Lattanzi S, Xiao S, Tang Y. Different types of milk consumption and the risk of dementia: Analysis from a large-scale cohort study. Clin Nutr 2023; 42:2058-2067. [PMID: 37677911 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2023.08.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2023] [Revised: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Previous studies have investigated whether milk consumption has a role in preventing the development of cognitive impairment, but the results were inconsistent. Importantly, most of them have disregarded the role of different types of milk. This study aimed to examine the associations between different types of milk consumption and the risk of dementia. METHODS In this large-scale cohort study, participants without cognitive impairment at baseline were included from the UK Biobank. The type of milk mainly used was self-reported at baseline, including full-cream milk, skimmed-milk, soy milk, other milk, and no milk. The primary outcome was all-cause dementia. Secondary outcomes included Alzheimer's disease and vascular dementia. RESULTS Of the 307,271 participants included in the study (mean age 56.3 [SD 8.1] years), 3789 (1.2%) incident all-cause dementia cases were observed over a median follow-up of 12.3 years. After adjustment for potential confounders, only soy milk consumers had a statistically significantly lower risk of all-cause dementia compared with no milk consumers (hazard ratio [HR], 0.69; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.54 to 0.90). When compared with soy milk non-consumers consisting of full-cream milk, skimmed-milk, and other milk consumers, soy milk consumers still showed a lower risk of all-cause dementia (HR, 0.76; 95% CI, 0.63 to 0.92), and there was no significant interaction with genetic risk for dementia (P for interaction = 0.15). Soy milk consumers showed a lower risk of Alzheimer's disease (HR, 0.70; 95% CI, 0.51 to 0.94; P = 0.02), while the association was not significant for vascular dementia (HR, 0.72; 95% CI, 0.47 to 1.12; P = 0.14). CONCLUSIONS The main consumption of soy milk was associated with a lower risk of dementia, particularly non-vascular dementia. Additional studies are needed to investigate how this association varies with the dose or frequency of the consumption of soy milk and to examine the generalizability of these findings in different populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenhong Deng
- Department of Neurology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Dongshu Xie
- Department of Neurology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinhua Cai
- Department of Neurology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingru Jiang
- Department of Neurology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Dong Pan
- Department of Neurology, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China
| | - Huanquan Liao
- Department of Neurology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xingyi Liu
- Department of Neurology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongteng Xu
- Department of Neurology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Honghong Li
- Department of Neurology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Qingyu Shen
- Department of Neurology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Simona Lattanzi
- Neurological Clinic, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Marche Polytechnic University, Ancona, Italy
| | - Songhua Xiao
- Department of Neurology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yamei Tang
- Department of Neurology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China; Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.
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Ren Y, Qu S. Constituent isoflavones of Puerariae radix as a potential neuroprotector in cognitive impairment: Evidence from preclinical studies. Ageing Res Rev 2023; 90:102040. [PMID: 37619620 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2023.102040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
With the increasing aging population worldwide, the incidence of senile cognitive impairment (CI) is increasing, posing a serious threat to the health of elderly persons. Despite developing new drugs aimed at improving CI, progress in this regard has been insufficient. Natural preparations derived from plants have become an unparalleled resource for developing new drugs. Puerariae radix (PR) has a long history as Chinese herbal medicine. PR is rich in various chemical components such as isoflavones, triterpenes, and saponins. The isoflavones (puerarin, daidzein, formononetin, and genistein) exhibit potential therapeutic effects on CI through multiple mechanisms. Relevant literature was organized from major scientific databases such as PubMed, Elsevier, SpringerLink, ScienceDirect, and Web of Science. Using "Puerariae radix," "Pueraria lobata," "isoflavones," "puerarin," "antioxidant," "daidzein," "formononetin," "genistein," "Alzheimer"s disease," and "vascular cognitive impairment" as keywords, the relevant literature was extracted from the databases mentioned above. We found that isoflavones from PR have neuroprotective effects on multiple models of CI via multiple targets and mechanisms. These isoflavones prevent Aβ aggregation, inhibit tau hyperphosphorylation, increase cholinergic neurotransmitter levels, reduce neuroinflammation and oxidative stress, improve synaptic plasticity, promote nerve regeneration, and prevent apoptosis. PR has been used as traditional Chinese herbal medicine for a long time, and its constituent isoflavones exert significant therapeutic effects on CI through various neuroprotective mechanisms. This review will contribute to the future development of isoflavones present in PR as novel drug candidates for the clinical treatment of CI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaoyao Ren
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, 36 Sanhao Street, Heping District, 110004 Shenyang, Liaoning, PR China
| | - Shengtao Qu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, No. 36 Sanhao St, Shenyang 110004, PR China.
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Jiang T, Dong Y, Zhu W, Wu T, Chen L, Cao Y, Yu X, Peng Y, Wang L, Xiao Y, Zhong T. Underlying mechanisms and molecular targets of genistein in the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus and related complications. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2023:1-13. [PMID: 37497995 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2023.2240886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic metabolic disease caused by a complex interaction of genetic and environmental factors and is characterized by persistent hyperglycemia. Long-term hyperglycemia can cause macrovascular and microvascular damage, and compromise the heart, brain, kidney, peripheral nerves, eyes and other organs, leading to serious complications. Genistein, a phytoestrogen derived from soybean, is known for its various biological activities and therapeutic properties. Recent studies found that genistein not only has hypoglycemic activity but can also decrease insulin resistance. In addition, genistein has particular activity in the prevention and treatment of diabetic complications, such as nephropathy, cardiovascular disease, osteoarthrosis, encephalopathy and retinopathy. Therefore, the purpose of this review is to summarize the latest medical research and progress of genistein in DM and related complications and highlights its potential molecular mechanisms and therapeutic targets. Meanwhile, evidence is provided for the development and application of genistein as a potential drug or functional food in the prevention and treatment of diabetes and its related complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Jiang
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macao SAR, China
- School of Pharmacy and Food Science, Zhuhai College of Science and Technology, Zhuhai, Guangdong, China
| | - Yuhe Dong
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macao SAR, China
| | - Wanying Zhu
- Faculty of Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macao SAR, China
| | - Tong Wu
- Faculty of Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macao SAR, China
| | - Linyan Chen
- Faculty of Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macao SAR, China
| | - Yuantong Cao
- Faculty of Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macao SAR, China
| | - Xi Yu
- Faculty of Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macao SAR, China
| | - Ye Peng
- Faculty of Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macao SAR, China
| | - Ling Wang
- Faculty of Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macao SAR, China
| | - Ying Xiao
- Faculty of Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macao SAR, China
| | - Tian Zhong
- Faculty of Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macao SAR, China
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Murata S, Yamashita H, Kido S, Harada D, Ohtsuru S, Sato N. DYNAMIC METABOLIC CHANGES OBSERVED IN AN LPS-INDUCED SYSTEMIC INFLAMMATION RAT MODEL USING CONTINUOUS LONG-TERM INDIRECT CALORIMETRY EXPERIMENTS. Shock 2023; 60:130-136. [PMID: 37195240 PMCID: PMC10417243 DOI: 10.1097/shk.0000000000002144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Background : Nutritional management is crucial for severely ill patients. Measuring metabolism is believed to be necessary for the acute sepsis phase to accurately estimate nutrition. Indirect calorimetry (IDC) is assumed to be useful for acute intensive care; however, there are few studies on long-term IDC measurement in patients with systemic inflammation. Methods : Rats were categorized into the LPS received or control groups; LPS rats were categorized into underfeeding (UF), adjusted feeding (AF), and overfeeding (OF) groups. Indirect calorimetry measurement was performed until 72 or 144 h. Body composition was measured at -24 and 72 or 144 h, and tissue weight was measured at 72 or 144 h. Results : Low energy consumption and loss of diurnal variation of resting energy expenditure were observed in the LPS group compared with the control group until 72 h, after which the LPS group recovered. The resting energy expenditure in the OF group was higher than that in the UF and AF groups. In the first phase, low energy consumption was observed in all groups. In the second and third phases, higher energy consumption occurred in the OF group than in the UF and AF groups. In the third phase, diurnal variation recovered in all groups. Muscle atrophy caused body weight loss, but fat tissue loss did not occur. Conclusions : We observed metabolic changes with IDC during the acute systemic inflammation phase owing to differences in calorie intake. This is the first report of long-term IDC measurement using the LPS-induced systemic inflammation rat model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoru Murata
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Toon, Japan
- Department of Primary Care and Emergency Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hayato Yamashita
- Research and Development Center, Otsuka Pharmaceutical Factory, Inc., Osaka, Japan
| | - Satoshi Kido
- Research and Development Center, Otsuka Pharmaceutical Factory, Inc., Osaka, Japan
| | - Daisuke Harada
- Research and Development Center, Otsuka Pharmaceutical Factory, Inc., Osaka, Japan
| | - Shigeru Ohtsuru
- Department of Primary Care and Emergency Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Norio Sato
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Toon, Japan
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MIRMOHAMMADALI SN, ROSENKRANZ SK. Dietary phytochemicals, gut microbiota composition, and health outcomes in human and animal models. BIOSCIENCE OF MICROBIOTA, FOOD AND HEALTH 2023; 42:152-171. [PMID: 37404568 PMCID: PMC10315191 DOI: 10.12938/bmfh.2022-078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/06/2023]
Abstract
The role of the composition of the gut microbiota on human health is not well understood. However, during the past decade, an increased emphasis has been placed on the influence of the impact of nutrition on the composition of gut microbiota and how the gut microbiota affects human health. The current review focuses on the role of some of the most studied phytochemicals on the composition of the gut microbiota. First, the review highlights the state of the research evidence regarding dietary phytochemical consumption and gut microbiota composition, including the influence of phytochemicals such as polyphenols, glucosinolates, flavonoids, and sterols that are present in vegetables, nuts, beans, and other foods. Second, the review identifies changes in health outcomes with altered gut microbiota composition, in both animal and human model studies. Third, the review highlights research that includes both associations between dietary phytochemical consumption and gut microbiota composition, and associations between the gut microbiota composition and health outcomes, in order to elucidate the role of the gut microbiota in the relationship between dietary phytochemical consumption and health outcomes in humans and animals. The current review indicated that phytochemicals can beneficially alter gut microbiota composition and decrease the risk for some diseases, such as cancers, and improve some cardiovascular and metabolic risk biomarkers. There is an urgent demand for high-quality studies that determine the relationships between the consumption of phytochemicals and health outcomes, examining gut microbiota as a moderator or mediator.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyedeh Nooshan MIRMOHAMMADALI
- Department of Food, Nutrition, Dietetics and Health, Kansas
State University, 110 Anderson Hall, 919 Mid-Campus Drive North, Manhattan, KS 66506-0110,
USA
| | - Sara K. ROSENKRANZ
- Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition Sciences, University
of Nevada Las Vegas, 4505 S. Maryland Pkwy, Las Vegas, NV 89154, USA
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Belobrajdic DP, James-Martin G, Jones D, Tran CD. Soy and Gastrointestinal Health: A Review. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15081959. [PMID: 37111176 PMCID: PMC10144768 DOI: 10.3390/nu15081959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Soybean is the most economically important legume globally, providing a major source of plant protein for millions of people; it offers a high-quality, cost-competitive and versatile base-protein ingredient for plant-based meat alternatives. The health benefits of soybean and its constituents have largely been attributed to the actions of phytoestrogens, which are present at high levels. Additionally, consumption of soy-based foods may also modulate gastrointestinal (GI) health, in particular colorectal cancer risk, via effects on the composition and metabolic activity of the GI microbiome. The aim of this narrative review was to critically evaluate the emerging evidence from clinical trials, observational studies and animal trials relating to the effects of consuming soybeans, soy-based products and the key constituents of soybeans (isoflavones, soy proteins and oligosaccharides) on measures of GI health. Our review suggests that there are consistent favourable changes in measures of GI health for some soy foods, such as fermented rather than unfermented soy milk, and for those individuals with a microbiome that can metabolise equol. However, as consumption of foods containing soy protein isolates and textured soy proteins increases, further clinical evidence is needed to understand whether these foods elicit similar or additional functional effects on GI health.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Darren Jones
- Human Health, Health and Biosecurity, CSIRO, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
| | - Cuong D Tran
- Human Health, Health and Biosecurity, CSIRO, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
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Yang L, Zhao M, Liu M, Zhang W, Zhi S, Qu L, Xiong J, Wang L, Qin C, Nie G. Effects of Genistein on Lipid Metabolism, Antioxidant Activity, and Immunity of Common Carp ( Cyprinus carpio L.) Fed with High-Carbohydrate and High-Fat Diets. AQUACULTURE NUTRITION 2023; 2023:9555855. [PMID: 37034827 PMCID: PMC10081910 DOI: 10.1155/2023/9555855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Revised: 11/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
A 56-day feeding trial was conducted to investigate the effects of genistein on growth, lipid metabolism, antioxidant capacity, and immunity of common carp fed with high-carbohydrate or high-fat diets. Five diets were used to feed fish: control diet (5% fat; CO), high-fat diet (11% fat; HF), high-carbohydrate diet (45% carbohydrate; HC), and HF or HC diet with 500 mg/kg genistein (FG or CG). Results showed that final body weight (FW) and specific growth rate (SGR) were significantly reduced, but the supplementation with genistein resulted in higher values of FW and SGR than the HF or HC group. Both high carbohydrate and high fat belong to high-energy diets, which may promote lipid deposition. Genistein obviously decreased liver triglyceride (TG) content and alleviated hepatic fat vacuolation in the HF and HC groups. The expression of lipid metabolism genes (cpt-1 and atgl) was markedly higher in the FG group than in the HF group. The lipid synthesis-related genes (fas, acc, and pparγ) were elevated in high-energy diets but recovered to the control level or reduced after genistein treatments. With respect to fatty acid transporter genes, fatp increased in the FG group, and cd36 increased in the CG group. Furthermore, the antioxidant and immune indexes, such as total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-PX), superoxide dismutase (SOD), acid phosphatase (ACP), and lysozyme (LZM) activities, were decreased, while malonate aldehyde (MDA) content, activities of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) were enhanced in the HF and HC groups. The antioxidant and immunity values could be ameliorated by treatment with genistein. Moreover, the transcript levels of antioxidant-related genes (cat, gr, and nrf2) in the liver and anti-inflammatory factors (tgf-β and il-10) and lyz in the head kidney tissue were promoted, although the expression levels of proinflammatory factors (tnf-α and il-6) declined in the genistein supplementation group, which confirmed the antioxidant and immune-enhancing effects of genistein. Therefore, 500 mg/kg genistein could ameliorate the negative effects of high-energy diets on immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liping Yang
- College of Fisheries, Henan Normal University, No. 46 Jianshe Road, Xinxiang 453007, China
| | - Mengjuan Zhao
- College of Fisheries, Henan Normal University, No. 46 Jianshe Road, Xinxiang 453007, China
| | - Mingyu Liu
- College of Fisheries, Henan Normal University, No. 46 Jianshe Road, Xinxiang 453007, China
| | - Wenlei Zhang
- College of Fisheries, Henan Normal University, No. 46 Jianshe Road, Xinxiang 453007, China
| | - Shaoyang Zhi
- College of Fisheries, Henan Normal University, No. 46 Jianshe Road, Xinxiang 453007, China
| | - Leya Qu
- College of Fisheries, Henan Normal University, No. 46 Jianshe Road, Xinxiang 453007, China
| | - Jinrui Xiong
- College of Fisheries, Henan Normal University, No. 46 Jianshe Road, Xinxiang 453007, China
| | - Luming Wang
- College of Fisheries, Henan Normal University, No. 46 Jianshe Road, Xinxiang 453007, China
| | - Chaobin Qin
- College of Fisheries, Henan Normal University, No. 46 Jianshe Road, Xinxiang 453007, China
| | - Guoxing Nie
- College of Fisheries, Henan Normal University, No. 46 Jianshe Road, Xinxiang 453007, China
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Guizar-Heredia R, Noriega LG, Rivera AL, Resendis-Antonio O, Guevara-Cruz M, Torres N, Tovar AR. A New Approach to Personalized Nutrition: Postprandial Glycemic Response and its Relationship to Gut Microbiota. Arch Med Res 2023; 54:176-188. [PMID: 36990891 DOI: 10.1016/j.arcmed.2023.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Revised: 02/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
A prolonged and elevated postprandial glucose response (PPGR) is now considered a main factor contributing for the development of metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes, which could be prevented by dietary interventions. However, dietary recommendations to prevent alterations in PPGR have not always been successful. New evidence has supported that PPGR is not only dependent of dietary factors like the content of carbohydrates, or the glycemic index of the foods, but is also dependent on genetics, body composition, gut microbiota, among others. In recent years, continuous glucose monitoring has made it possible to establish predictions on the effect of different dietary foods on PPGRs through machine learning methods, which use algorithms that integrate genetic, biochemical, physiological and gut microbiota variables for identifying associations between them and clinical variables with aim of personalize dietary recommendations. This has allowed to improve the concept of personalized nutrition, since it is now possible to recommend through these predictions specific dietary foods to prevent elevated PPGRs that are highly variable among individuals. Additional components that can enrich the predictive algorithms are findings of nutrigenomics, nutrigenetics and metabolomics. Thus, this review aims to summarize the evidence of the components that integrate personalized nutrition focused on the prevention of PPGRs, and to show the future of personalized nutrition by laying the groundwork for the development of individualized dietary management and its impact on the improvement of metabolic diseases.
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Manosso LM, Arent CO, Borba LA, Abelaira HM, Réus GZ. Natural Phytochemicals for the Treatment of Major Depressive Disorder: A Mini-Review of Pre- and Clinical Studies. CNS & NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS DRUG TARGETS 2023; 22:237-254. [PMID: 35352639 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x20666220329143804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Revised: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) is a common mental illness that causes significant disability and declining quality of life. An overlap of multiple factors can be involved in the pathophysiology of this mood disorder, including increased inflammation and oxidative stress, change in neurotransmitters, decreased brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), activation of the hypothalamicpituitary- adrenal (HPA) axis, and changes in the microbiota-gut-brain axis. Although the classic treatment for MDD is safe, it is far from ideal, with delay to start the best clinic, side effects, and a large number of non-responses or partial-responses. Therefore, other alternatives are being studied to improve depressive symptoms, and, among them, the role of phytochemicals in food stands out. This mini-review will discuss the main phytochemicals present in foods with clinical and preclinical studies showing benefits for MDD treatment. In addition, the main mechanisms of action that are being proposed for each of these compounds will be addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luana M Manosso
- Translational Psychiatry Laboratory, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina (UNESC), Criciúma, SC, Brazil
| | - Camila O Arent
- Translational Psychiatry Laboratory, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina (UNESC), Criciúma, SC, Brazil
| | - Laura A Borba
- Translational Psychiatry Laboratory, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina (UNESC), Criciúma, SC, Brazil
| | - Helena M Abelaira
- Translational Psychiatry Laboratory, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina (UNESC), Criciúma, SC, Brazil
| | - Gislaine Z Réus
- Translational Psychiatry Laboratory, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina (UNESC), Criciúma, SC, Brazil
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Matrisciano F. Functional Nutrition as Integrated Intervention for In- and Outpatient with Schizophrenia. Curr Neuropharmacol 2023; 21:2409-2423. [PMID: 36946488 PMCID: PMC10616917 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x21666230322160259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Revised: 11/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 03/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Schizophrenia is a chronic and progressive disorder characterized by cognitive, emotional, and behavioral abnormalities associated with neuronal development and synaptic plasticity alterations. Genetic and epigenetic abnormalities in cortical parvalbumin-positive GABAergic interneurons and consequent alterations in glutamate-mediated excitatory neurotransmission during early neurodevelopment underlie schizophrenia manifestation and progression. Also, epigenetic alterations during pregnancy or early phases of postnatal life are associated with schizophrenia vulnerability and inflammatory processes, which are at the basis of brain pathology and a higher risk of comorbidities, including cardiovascular diseases and metabolic syndrome. In addition, schizophrenia patients adopt an unhealthy lifestyle and poor nutrition, leading to premature death. Here, I explored the role of functional nutrition as an integrated intervention for the long-term management of patients with schizophrenia. Several natural bioactive compounds in plant-based whole foods, including flavonoids, phytonutrients, vitamins, fatty acids, and minerals, modulate brain functioning by targeting neuroinflammation and improving cognitive decline. Although further clinical studies are needed, a functional diet rich in natural bioactive compounds might be effective in synergism with standard treatments to improve schizophrenia symptoms and reduce the risk of comorbidities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Matrisciano
- The Psychiatric Institute, Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, University of Illinois Chicago (UIC), Chicago, IL, USA
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12
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Exercise and/or Genistein Do Not Revert 24-Week High-Fat, High-Sugar Diet-Induced Gut Microbiota Diversity Changes in Male C57BL/6J Adult Mice. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10112221. [PMID: 36363813 PMCID: PMC9693056 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10112221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiota (GM) has been hypothesized to be a potential mediator in the health benefits of exercise and diet. The current literature is focused on the prevention effects of exercise and diet and could benefit from exploring whether these treatments alone or combined can treat obesity via the gut microbiome. This study aimed to explore the effects of genistein, exercise, and their synergistic effect to revert diet-induced obesity and gut microbiota changes. A total of 57 male adult C57BL/6 mice were randomized to 24 weeks of unpurified diet (chow) or a high-fat, high-sugar diet (HFD; 60% fat total energy). After the first 12 weeks, animals on the HFD were randomized into: HFD + chow, HFD, HFD + exercise (HFD + Exe), HFD + genistein (HFD + Gen), and HFD + Exe + Gen. We compared the body weight change between groups after 24 weeks. GM (α-diversity and ß-diversity) was profiled after sequencing the 16S rRNA gene by Illumina MiSeq. HFD + Exe + Gen significantly (p < 0.05) decreased weight gain relative to the HFD with only HFD + chow reverting the body weight change to that of chow. All diets including HFD reduced the GM richness (observed amplicon sequence variants) relative to chow with the HFD + Gen and HFD + Exe resulting in significantly lower phylogenetic diversity compared to the HFD. Data did not support an additive benefit to the GM for HFD + Gen + Exe. HFD + Exe + Gen showed a greater capacity to revert diet-induced obesity in adult male mice, but it was not as effective as switching from HFD to chow. Lifestyle treatment of HFD-induced obesity including exercise and genistein resulted in a reduction in weight gain and GM richness, but switching from HFD to chow had the greatest potential to revert these characteristics toward that of lean controls.
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13
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Intraamniotic Administration (Gallus gallus) of Genistein Alters Mineral Transport, Intestinal Morphology, and Gut Microbiota. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14173473. [PMID: 36079731 PMCID: PMC9458084 DOI: 10.3390/nu14173473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Genistein is an isoflavone naturally present in numerous staple food crops, such as soybeans and chickpeas. This study utilized the Gallus gallus intraamniotic administration procedure to assess genistein administration effects on trace mineral status, brush border membrane (BBM) functionality, intestinal morphology, and intestinal microbiome in vivo. Eggs were divided into five groups with 1 mL injection of the following treatments: no-injection, DI H2O, 5% inulin, and 1.25% and 2.5% genistein (n = 8 per group). Upon hatch, blood, cecum, small intestine, and liver were collected for assessment of hemoglobin, intestinal microflora alterations, intestinal morphometric assessment, and mRNA gene expression of relevant iron and zinc transporter proteins, respectively. This study demonstrated that intraamniotic administration of 2.5% genistein increased villus surface area, number of acidic goblet cells, and hemoglobin. Additionally, genistein exposure downregulated duodenal cytochrome B (DcytB) and upregulated hepcidin expression. Further, genistein exposure positively altered the composition and function of the intestinal microbiota. Our results suggest a physiological role for genistein administration in improving mineral status, favorably altering BBM functionality and development, positively modulating the intestinal microbiome, as well as improving physiological status.
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14
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Wang C, Deng H, Liu F, Yin Q, Xia L. The Role of Gut Microbiota in the Immunopathology of Atherosclerosis: focus on immune cells. Scand J Immunol 2022; 96:e13174. [PMID: 35474231 DOI: 10.1111/sji.13174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2022] [Revised: 03/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Gut microbiota (GM) play important roles in multiple organ function, homeostasis and several diseases. More recently, increasing evidences have suggested that the compositional and functional alterations of GM play a crucial role in the accumulation of foam cells and the formation of atherosclerotic plaque in atherosclerosis. In particular, the effects of bacterial components and metabolites on innate and adaptive immune cells have been explored as the underlying mechanisms. Understanding the effects of GM and metabolites on immunoregulation are important for clinical therapy for atherosclerosis. Herein, we summarize the potential role of the GM (such as bacterial components lipopolysaccharide and peptidoglycan) and GM-derived metabolites (such as short-chain fatty acids, trimethylamine N-oxide and bile acids) in the immunopathology of atherosclerosis. Based on that, we further discuss the anti-atherosclerotic effects of GM-directed dietary bioactive factors such as dietary fibers, dietary polyphenols and probiotics. Because of drug-induced adverse events in anti-inflammatory therapies, personalized dietary interventions would be potential therapies for atherosclerosis, and the interactions between GM-derived products and immune cells should be studied further.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chong Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China.,International Genome Center, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Hualing Deng
- Operating room, Weihai Municipal Hospital, Weihai, China
| | - Fang Liu
- International Genome Center, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Qing Yin
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Lin Xia
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China.,International Genome Center, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
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15
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Vásquez-Reyes S, Vargas-Castillo A, Noriega LG, Velázquez-Villegas LA, Pérez B, Sánchez-Tapia M, Ordaz G, Suárez-Monroy R, Ulloa-Aguirre A, Offner H, Torres N, Tovar AR. Genistein Stimulation of White Adipose Tissue Thermogenesis is Partially Dependent on GPR30 in Mice. Mol Nutr Food Res 2022; 66:e2100838. [PMID: 35142428 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202100838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Revised: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE Genistein increases whole body energy expenditure by stimulating white adipose tissue (WAT) browning and thermogenesis. G-Coupled receptor GPR30 can mediate some actions of genistein, however, it is not known whether it is involved in the activation of WAT-thermogenesis. Thus, the aim of the study was to determine whether genistein activates thermogenesis coupled to an increase in WAT browning and mitochondrial activity, in GPR30+/+ and GPR30-/- mice. METHODS AND RESULTS GPR30+/+ and GPR30-/- mice were fed control or high fat sucrose diets containing or not genistein for 8 weeks. Body weight and composition, energy expenditure, glucose tolerance and browning markers in WAT, and oxygen consumption rate, 3', 5'-cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) concentration and browning markers in adipocytes were evaluated. Genistein consumption reduced body weight and fat mass gain in a different extent in both genotypes, however, energy expenditure was lower in GPR30-/- compared to GPR30+/+ mice, accompanied by a reduction in browning markers, maximal mitochondrial respiration, cAMP concentration and browning markers in cultured adipocytes from GPR30-/- mice. Genistein improved glucose tolerance in GPR30+/+ , but this was partially observed in GPR30-/- mice. CONCLUSION Our results showed that GPR30 partially mediates genistein stimulation of WAT thermogenesis and the improvement of glucose tolerance. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saraí Vásquez-Reyes
- Departamento de Fisiología de la Nutrición, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, México, CDMX, México
| | - Ariana Vargas-Castillo
- Departamento de Fisiología de la Nutrición, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, México, CDMX, México
| | - Lilia G Noriega
- Departamento de Fisiología de la Nutrición, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, México, CDMX, México
| | - Laura A Velázquez-Villegas
- Departamento de Fisiología de la Nutrición, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, México, CDMX, México
| | - Berenice Pérez
- Departamento de Fisiología de la Nutrición, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, México, CDMX, México
| | - Mónica Sánchez-Tapia
- Departamento de Fisiología de la Nutrición, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, México, CDMX, México
| | - Guillermo Ordaz
- Departamento de Fisiología de la Nutrición, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, México, CDMX, México
| | - Renato Suárez-Monroy
- Departamento de Fisiología de la Nutrición, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, México, CDMX, México
| | - Alfredo Ulloa-Aguirre
- Red de Apoyo a la Investigación, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México-Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, CDMX, México
| | - Halina Offner
- Neuroimmunology Research, R&D-31, VA Portland Health Care System, 3710 SW U.S. Veterans Hospital Rd., Portland, OR, 97239, USA.,Department of Neurology, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Rd, Portland, OR, 97239, USA.,Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Rd, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Nimbe Torres
- Departamento de Fisiología de la Nutrición, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, México, CDMX, México
| | - Armando R Tovar
- Departamento de Fisiología de la Nutrición, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, México, CDMX, México
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16
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Garbiec E, Cielecka-Piontek J, Kowalówka M, Hołubiec M, Zalewski P. Genistein-Opportunities Related to an Interesting Molecule of Natural Origin. Molecules 2022; 27:815. [PMID: 35164079 PMCID: PMC8840253 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27030815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Revised: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Nowadays, increasingly more attention is being paid to a holistic approach to health, in which diet contributes to disease prevention. There is growing interest in functional food that not only provides basic nutrition but has also been demonstrated to be an opportunity for the prevention of disorders. A promising functional food is soybean, which is the richest source of the isoflavone, genistein. Genistein may be useful in the prevention and treatment of such disorders as psoriasis, cataracts, cystic fibrosis, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and type 2 diabetes. However, achievable concentrations of genistein in humans are low, and the use of soybean as a functional food is not devoid of concerns, which are related to genistein's potential side effects resulting from its estrogenic and goitrogenic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Garbiec
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 4 Święcickiego St., 60-780 Poznan, Poland; (E.G.); (P.Z.)
| | - Judyta Cielecka-Piontek
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 4 Święcickiego St., 60-780 Poznan, Poland; (E.G.); (P.Z.)
| | - Magdalena Kowalówka
- Department of Bromatology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 42 Marcelińska St., 60-354 Poznan, Poland;
| | - Magdalena Hołubiec
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Metabolic Diseases, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Szpitalna 27/33 St., 60-572 Poznan, Poland;
| | - Przemysław Zalewski
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 4 Święcickiego St., 60-780 Poznan, Poland; (E.G.); (P.Z.)
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17
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Wang L, Gao M, Kang G, Huang H. The Potential Role of Phytonutrients Flavonoids Influencing Gut Microbiota in the Prophylaxis and Treatment of Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Front Nutr 2021; 8:798038. [PMID: 34970585 PMCID: PMC8713745 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.798038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), characterized by the chronic inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract, is comprised of two idiopathic chronic intestinal inflammatory diseases. As the incidence of IBD increases, so does the need for safe and effective treatments. Trillions of microorganisms are colonized in the mammalian intestine, coevolve with the host in a symbiotic relationship. Gut microbiota has been reported to be involved in the pathophysiology of IBD. In this regard, phytonutrients flavonoids have received increasing attention for their anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. In this review, we address recent advances in the interactions among flavonoids, gut microbiota, and IBD. Moreover, their possible potential mechanisms of action in IBD have been discussed. We conclude that there is a complex interaction between flavonoids and gut microbiota. It is expected that flavonoids can change or reshape the gut microbiota to provide important considerations for developing treatments for IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Wang
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
- Frontiers Science Center for Synthetic Biology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Mengxue Gao
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
- Frontiers Science Center for Synthetic Biology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Guangbo Kang
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
- Frontiers Science Center for Synthetic Biology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - He Huang
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
- Frontiers Science Center for Synthetic Biology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
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18
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He Y, Ayansola H, Hou Q, Liao C, Lei J, Lai Y, Jiang Q, Masatoshi H, Zhang B. Genistein Inhibits Colonic Goblet Cell Loss and Colorectal Inflammation Induced by Salmonella Typhimurium Infection. Mol Nutr Food Res 2021; 65:e2100209. [PMID: 34146390 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202100209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2021] [Revised: 06/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE Salmonella is the main food-borne pathogen, which can infect intestinal epithelial cells and causes colitis. Genistein has a variety of biological activities that alleviates colitis induced by sodium dextran sulfate in a variety of ways, but its protective effects on colitis caused by pathogenic bacteria are still unknown. METHODS AND RESULTS This study explores the protective effect of genistein in reducing colitis caused by Salmonella infection. Salmonella causes colon inflammation through activating cyclooxygenase-2/prostaglandin E2, and genistein inhibits colitis caused by Salmonella typhimurium infection. Salmonella infection increases colonic mucosal damage, proliferating cells, and goblet cell loss, while the administration of genistein solves these pathological changes. In addition, it is further proved that Salmonella causes severe colitis related to goblet cell loss and activates the host crypt stem cells to repair the damaged epithelium. Salmonella infection inhibites the host mammalian target of rapamycin, activates light chain 3 II pathways to induce autophagy to eliminate pathogenic bacteria. Genistein increases Lactobacillus in feces and reduces Salmonella colonization to inhibit colitis induces by Salmonella infection. CONCLUSION This study demonstrates genistein alleviated colitis and inhibites the goblet cell loss causes by Salmonella infection through regulating the gut bacteria and intestinal stem cell development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang He
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Department of Animal Nutrition & Feed Science, College of Animal Science & Technology, China Agricultural University, Haidian District, Beijing, 100193, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Haidian District, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Hammed Ayansola
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Department of Animal Nutrition & Feed Science, College of Animal Science & Technology, China Agricultural University, Haidian District, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Qihang Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Department of Animal Nutrition & Feed Science, College of Animal Science & Technology, China Agricultural University, Haidian District, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Chaoyong Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Department of Animal Nutrition & Feed Science, College of Animal Science & Technology, China Agricultural University, Haidian District, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Jiaqi Lei
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Department of Animal Nutrition & Feed Science, College of Animal Science & Technology, China Agricultural University, Haidian District, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yujiao Lai
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Department of Animal Nutrition & Feed Science, College of Animal Science & Technology, China Agricultural University, Haidian District, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Qiuyu Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Department of Animal Nutrition & Feed Science, College of Animal Science & Technology, China Agricultural University, Haidian District, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Hori Masatoshi
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan
| | - Bingkun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Department of Animal Nutrition & Feed Science, College of Animal Science & Technology, China Agricultural University, Haidian District, Beijing, 100193, China
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19
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Rosenfeld CS. Xenoestrogen Effects on the Gut Microbiome. CURRENT OPINION IN ENDOCRINE AND METABOLIC RESEARCH 2021; 19:41-45. [PMID: 34423175 DOI: 10.1016/j.coemr.2021.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) that act as xenoestrogens are natural and synthetic chemicals widely present in food products, industrial products, and the environment. Such compounds can activate or inhibit normal hormonal pathways by binding to steroid and non-steroid receptors. It is becomingly apparent that resident bacteria in the gut and elsewhere in the body can dramatically influence host responses. As such, increasing number of studies have examined how EDCs affect the gut microbiome in a range of animal species. This review article will examine what is known about how various xenoestrogens, including bisphenol A (BPA), phthalates, and phytoestrogens, affect the gut microbiome in vertebrate species, any known secondary host effects, such as through alteration of gut metabolites, and future directions in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheryl S Rosenfeld
- Christopher S Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211 USA
- Biomedical Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211 USA
- MU Institute for Data Science and Informatics (MU IDSI), University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211 USA
- Thompson Center for Autism and Neurobehavioral Disorders, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211 USA
- Genetics Area Program, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211 USA
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20
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Armeli F, Bonucci A, Maggi E, Pinto A, Businaro R. Mediterranean Diet and Neurodegenerative Diseases: The Neglected Role of Nutrition in the Modulation of the Endocannabinoid System. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11060790. [PMID: 34073983 PMCID: PMC8225112 DOI: 10.3390/biom11060790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Revised: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative disorders are a widespread cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, characterized by neuroinflammation, oxidative stress and neuronal depletion. The broad-spectrum neuroprotective activity of the Mediterranean diet is widely documented, but it is not yet known whether its nutritional and caloric balance can induce a modulation of the endocannabinoid system. In recent decades, many studies have shown how endocannabinoid tone enhancement may be a promising new therapeutic strategy to counteract the main hallmarks of neurodegeneration. From a phylogenetic point of view, the human co-evolution between the endocannabinoid system and dietary habits could play a key role in the pro-homeostatic activity of the Mediterranean lifestyle: this adaptive balance among our ancestors has been compromised by the modern Western diet, resulting in a “clinical endocannabinoid deficiency syndrome”. This review aims to evaluate the evidence accumulated in the literature on the neuroprotective, immunomodulatory and antioxidant properties of the Mediterranean diet related to the modulation of the endocannabinoid system, suggesting new prospects for research and clinical interventions against neurodegenerative diseases in light of a nutraceutical paradigm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Armeli
- Department of Medico-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Corso della Repubblica, 79, 04100 Latina, Italy; (F.A.); (A.B.); (E.M.)
| | - Alessio Bonucci
- Department of Medico-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Corso della Repubblica, 79, 04100 Latina, Italy; (F.A.); (A.B.); (E.M.)
| | - Elisa Maggi
- Department of Medico-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Corso della Repubblica, 79, 04100 Latina, Italy; (F.A.); (A.B.); (E.M.)
| | - Alessandro Pinto
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy;
| | - Rita Businaro
- Department of Medico-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Corso della Repubblica, 79, 04100 Latina, Italy; (F.A.); (A.B.); (E.M.)
- Correspondence:
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21
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Vásquez-Reyes S, Velázquez-Villegas LA, Vargas-Castillo A, Noriega LG, Torres N, Tovar AR. Dietary bioactive compounds as modulators of mitochondrial function. J Nutr Biochem 2021; 96:108768. [PMID: 34000412 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2021.108768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Revised: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The increase in incidence and prevalence of metabolic diseases, such as diabetes, obesity, and metabolic syndrome, is a health problem worldwide. Nutritional strategies that can impact on mitochondrial activity represent a novel and effective option to modulate energy expenditure and energetic metabolism in cells and tissues and could be used as adjuvant treatments for metabolic-associated disorders. Dietary bioactive compounds also known as "food bioactives" have proven to exert multiple health benefits and counteract metabolic alterations. In the last years, it has been consistently reported that the modulation of mitochondrial function represents one of the mechanisms behind the bioactive compounds-dependent health improvements. In this review, we focus on gathering, summarizing, and discussing the evidence that supports the effect of dietary bioactive compounds on mitochondrial activity and the relation of these effects in the pathological context. Despite the evidence presented here on in vivo and in vitro effects, more studies are needed to determine their effectiveness in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarai Vásquez-Reyes
- Departamento de Fisiología de la Nutrición, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, México CDMX, Mexico
| | - Laura A Velázquez-Villegas
- Departamento de Fisiología de la Nutrición, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, México CDMX, Mexico
| | - Ariana Vargas-Castillo
- Departamento de Fisiología de la Nutrición, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, México CDMX, Mexico
| | - Lilia G Noriega
- Departamento de Fisiología de la Nutrición, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, México CDMX, Mexico
| | - Nimbe Torres
- Departamento de Fisiología de la Nutrición, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, México CDMX, Mexico
| | - Armando R Tovar
- Departamento de Fisiología de la Nutrición, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, México CDMX, Mexico.
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22
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Basson AR, Ahmed S, Almutairi R, Seo B, Cominelli F. Regulation of Intestinal Inflammation by Soybean and Soy-Derived Compounds. Foods 2021; 10:foods10040774. [PMID: 33916612 PMCID: PMC8066255 DOI: 10.3390/foods10040774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Revised: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 04/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Environmental factors, particularly diet, are considered central to the pathogenesis of the inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis. In particular, the Westernization of diet, characterized by high intake of animal protein, saturated fat, and refined carbohydrates, has been shown to contribute to the development and progression of IBD. During the last decade, soybean, as well as soy-derived bioactive compounds (e.g., isoflavones, phytosterols, Bowman-Birk inhibitors) have been increasingly investigated because of their anti-inflammatory properties in animal models of IBD. Herein we provide a scoping review of the most studied disease mechanisms associated with disease induction and progression in IBD rodent models after feeding of either the whole food or a bioactive present in soybean.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abigail Raffner Basson
- Division of Gastroenterology & Liver Diseases, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA;
- Digestive Health Research Institute, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; (S.A.); (B.S.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Saleh Ahmed
- Digestive Health Research Institute, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; (S.A.); (B.S.)
| | - Rawan Almutairi
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA;
| | - Brian Seo
- Digestive Health Research Institute, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; (S.A.); (B.S.)
| | - Fabio Cominelli
- Division of Gastroenterology & Liver Diseases, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA;
- Digestive Health Research Institute, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; (S.A.); (B.S.)
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23
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Ali SA, Singh G, Datusalia AK. Potential therapeutic applications of phytoconstituents as immunomodulators: Pre-clinical and clinical evidences. Phytother Res 2021; 35:3702-3731. [PMID: 33734511 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2020] [Revised: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Autoimmune and infectious diseases are the major public health issues and have gained great attention in the last few years for the search of new agents with therapeutic benefits on the host immune functions. In recent years, natural products (NPs) have been studied broadly for their multi-targeted activities under pathological conditions. Interestingly, several attempts have been made to outline the immunomodulatory properties of NPs. Research on in-vitro and in-vivo models have shown the immunomodulatory activity of NPs, is due to their antiinflammatory property, induction of phagocytosis and immune cells stimulation activity. Moreover, studies on humans have suggested that phytomedicines reduce inflammation and could provide appropriate benefits either in single form or complex combinations with other agents preventing disease progression, subsequently enhancing the efficacy of treatment to combat multiple malignancies. However, the exact mechanism of immunomodulation is far from clear, warranting more detailed investigations on their effectiveness. Nevertheless, the reduction of inflammatory cascades is considered as a prime protective mechanism in a number of inflammation regulated autoimmune diseases. Altogether, this review will discuss the biological activities of plant-derived secondary metabolites, such as polyphenols, alkaloids, saponins, polysaccharides and so forth, against various diseases and their potential use as an immunomodulatory agent under pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syed Afroz Ali
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research-Raebareli (NIPER-R), Lucknow, India
| | - Gurpreet Singh
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research-Raebareli (NIPER-R), Lucknow, India
| | - Ashok Kumar Datusalia
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research-Raebareli (NIPER-R), Lucknow, India
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Moorthy M, Sundralingam U, Palanisamy UD. Polyphenols as Prebiotics in the Management of High-Fat Diet-Induced Obesity: A Systematic Review of Animal Studies. Foods 2021; 10:foods10020299. [PMID: 33540692 PMCID: PMC7913110 DOI: 10.3390/foods10020299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Revised: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a disease growing at an alarming rate and numerous preclinical studies have proven the role of polyphenols in managing this disease. This systematic review explores the prebiotic effect of polyphenols in the management of obesity among animals fed on a high-fat diet. A literature search was carried out in PubMed, Scopus, CINAHL, Web of Science, and Embase databases following the PRISMA guidelines. Forty-four studies reported a significant reduction in obesity-related parameters. Most notably, 83% of the studies showed a decrease in either body weight/visceral adiposity/plasma triacylglyceride. Furthermore, 42 studies reported a significant improvement in gut microbiota (GM), significantly affecting the genera Akkermansia, Bacteroides, Blautia, Roseburia, Bifidobacteria, Lactobacillus, Alistipes, and Desulfovibrio. Polyphenols’ anti-obesity, anti-hyperglycaemic, and anti-inflammatory properties were associated with their ability to modulate GM. This review supports the notion of polyphenols as effective prebiotics in ameliorating HFD-induced metabolic derangements in animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohanambal Moorthy
- Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway 47500, Selangor, Malaysia;
- Tropical Medicine and Biology Platform, School of Science, Monash University, Bandar Sunway 47500, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Usha Sundralingam
- School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway 47500, Selangor, Malaysia;
| | - Uma D. Palanisamy
- Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway 47500, Selangor, Malaysia;
- Tropical Medicine and Biology Platform, School of Science, Monash University, Bandar Sunway 47500, Selangor, Malaysia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +603-5514-5840 or +6012-38-09-092
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The Role of Isoflavones in Type 2 Diabetes Prevention and Treatment-A Narrative Review. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 22:ijms22010218. [PMID: 33379327 PMCID: PMC7795922 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22010218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Revised: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Given the growing number of type 2 diabetic individuals and the substantial social and financial costs associated with diabetes management, every effort should be made to improve its prevention and treatment methods. There is an ongoing search for natural dietary compounds that could be used for this purpose. This narrative review focuses on the therapeutic potential of isoflavones in diabetes prevention and treatment. This review summarizes (i) the molecular mechanisms of isoflavones action that are critical to their anti-diabetic properties; (ii) preclinical (in vitro and in vivo) studies evaluating the influence of isoflavones on the function of key organs involved in the pathogenesis of diabetes; and (iii) epidemiological studies and clinical trials that assessed the effectiveness of isoflavones in the prevention and treatment of type 2 diabetes in humans. Apart from discussing the effects of isoflavones on the function of organs “classically” associated with the pathogenesis of diabetes (pancreas, liver, muscles, and adipose tissue), the impact of these compounds on other organs that contribute to the glucose homeostasis (gastrointestinal tract, kidneys, and brain) is also reviewed.
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Ma P, He P, Xu CY, Hou BY, Qiang GF, DU GH. Recent developments in natural products for white adipose tissue browning. Chin J Nat Med 2020; 18:803-817. [PMID: 33308601 DOI: 10.1016/s1875-5364(20)60021-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Excess accumulation of white adipose tissue (WAT) causes obesity which is an imbalance between energy intake and energy expenditure. Obesity is a serious concern because it has been the leading causes of death worldwide, including diabetes, stroke, heart disease and cancer. Therefore, uncovering the mechanism of obesity and discovering anti-obesity drugs are crucial to prevent obesity and its complications. Browning, inducing white adipose tissue to brown or beige (brite) fat which is brown-like fat emerging in WAT, becomes an appealing therapeutic strategy for obesity and metabolic disorders. Due to lack of efficacy or intolerable side-effects, the clinical trials that promote brown adipose tissue (BAT) thermogenesis and browning of WAT have not been successful in humans. Obviously, more specific means still need to be developed to activate browning of white adipose tissue. In this review, we summarized seven kinds of natural products (alkaloids, flavonoids, terpenoids, long chain fatty acids, phenolic acids, else and extract) promoting white adipose tissue browning which can ameliorate the metabolic disorders, including obesity, dislipidemia, insulin resistance and diabetes. Since natural products are important drug sources and the browning property plays a significant role in not only obesity treatment but also in type 2 diabetes (T2DM) improvement, natural products of inducing browning may be an irreplaceable drug discovery orientation for obesity, diabetes and even other metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College and Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Target and Screening Research, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Ping He
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College and Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Target and Screening Research, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Chun-Yang Xu
- Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100026, China
| | - Bi-Yu Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College and Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Target and Screening Research, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Gui-Fen Qiang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College and Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Target and Screening Research, Beijing 100050, China.
| | - Guan-Hua DU
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College and Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Target and Screening Research, Beijing 100050, China.
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Tung YC, Chou RF, Nagabhushanam K, Ho CT, Pan MH. 3'-Hydroxydaidzein Improves Obesity Through the Induced Browning of Beige Adipose and Modulation of Gut Microbiota in Mice with Obesity Induced by a High-Fat Diet. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2020; 68:14513-14522. [PMID: 33231468 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c06138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is an important health issue nowadays. 3'-Hydroxydaidzein (OHD) is a metabolite of daidzein (DAI) that can be found in fermented soybean products, such as miso. DAI has been known to affect lipid accumulation, but the effect of OHD on lipid accumulation still needs to be investigated. In this study, we investigated the effects of OHD on mice with obesity induced by a high-fat diet (HFD). The results showed that mice treated with 0.1% OHD (HOHD) significantly reduced their body weight and inguinal fat without altering their food intake compared with the HFD group. The HOHD and DAI groups' hyperlipidemia were alleviated through decreased serum triacylglycerols and total cholesterol levels. The adipocyte sizes in inguinal fat were significantly smaller in the HOHD and DAI groups compared with the HFD group. Both the HOHD and DAI groups had increased PRDM16, C/EBP β, p-p38, SIRT1, PGC1 α, and UCP1 protein expression in their inguinal adipose tissue compared with the HFD group. Moreover, the OHD and DAI groups had significantly lower amounts of Lachnospira and GCA_900066225 compared with the HFD group. Collectively, OHD can ameliorate HFD-induced obesity in mice by stimulating the browning of the white adipose tissue and modulating gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yen-Chen Tung
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
- Department of Nutrition, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
| | - Rou-Fong Chou
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | | | - Chi-Tang Ho
- Department of Food Science, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901, United States
| | - Min-Hsiung Pan
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
- Department of Health and Nutrition Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung 41354, Taiwan
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Dietary Protein Source Influences Brain Inflammation and Memory in a Male Senescence-Accelerated Mouse Model of Dementia. Mol Neurobiol 2020; 58:1312-1329. [PMID: 33169333 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-020-02191-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Dementia is a pathological condition characterized by a decline in memory, as well as in other cognitive and social functions. The cellular and molecular mechanisms of brain damage in dementia are not completely understood; however, neuroinflammation is involved. Evidence suggests that chronic inflammation may impair cognitive performance and that dietary protein source may differentially influence this process. Dietary protein source has previously been shown to modify systemic inflammation in mouse models. Thus, we aimed to investigate the effect of chronic dietary protein source substitution in an ageing and dementia male mouse model, the senescence-accelerated mouse-prone 8 (SAMP8) model. We observed that dietary protein source differentially modified memory as shown by inhibitory avoidance testing at 4 months of age. Also, dietary protein source differentially modified neuroinflammation and gliosis in male SAMP8 mice. Our results suggest that chronic dietary protein source substitution may influence brain ageing and memory-related mechanisms in male SAMP8 mice. Moreover, the choice of dietary protein source in mouse diets for experimental purposes may need to be carefully considered when interpreting results.
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Exercise and/or Genistein Treatment Impact Gut Microbiota and Inflammation after 12 Weeks on a High-Fat, High-Sugar Diet in C57BL/6 Mice. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12113410. [PMID: 33172007 PMCID: PMC7694625 DOI: 10.3390/nu12113410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Revised: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Genistein (Gen) and exercise (Exe) have been postulated as potential strategies to ameliorate obesity, inflammation, and gut microbiota (GM) with promising results. However, the impact of the combination of both Exe and Gen is yet to be investigated. We aimed to analyze the impacts of Exe, Gen, and their combined effects on GM and inflammation in mice after a 12-week high-fat, high-sugar diet (HFD). Eighty-three C57BL/6 mice were randomized to control, HFD, HFD + Exe, HFD + Gen, or HFD + Exe + Gen. The V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene was analyzed with Illumina MiSeq. Serum samples were used to analyze interleukin (Il)-6 and Tumor Necrosis Factor alpha (TNF-alpha). The HFD + Exe and HFD + Exe + Gen treatments resulted in significantly greater microbial richness compared to HFD. All the treatments had a significantly different impact on the GM community structure. Ruminococcus was significantly more abundant after the HFD + Exe + Gen treatment when compared to all the other HFD groups. Exe + Gen resulted in serum Il-6 concentrations similar to that of controls. TNF-alpha concentrations did not differ by treatment. Overall, Exe had a positive impact on microbial richness, and Ruminococcus might be the driving bacteria for the GM structure differences. Exe + Gen may be an effective treatment for preventing HFD-induced inflammation.
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Alves-Santos AM, Sugizaki CSA, Lima GC, Naves MMV. Prebiotic effect of dietary polyphenols: A systematic review. J Funct Foods 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2020.104169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
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Yang R, Jia Q, Mehmood S, Ma S, Liu X. Genistein ameliorates inflammation and insulin resistance through mediation of gut microbiota composition in type 2 diabetic mice. Eur J Nutr 2020; 60:2155-2168. [PMID: 33068158 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-020-02403-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Genistein (GEN) has been reported to have diverse biological activities, including antioxidant, hypolipidemic, and antidiabetic effects. This study investigated whether the ameliorative effects of GEN on inflammation and insulin resistance were associated with the modulation of gut microbiota composition in type 2 diabetic (T2D) mice. METHODS C57BL/6J mice were treated with a high-fat diet/streptozotocin to induce T2D and then gavaged with GEN (20 and 40 mg/kg) for 8 weeks. Then, oral glucose tolerance, fasting blood glucose, serum insulin, glucagon, lipid profiles, and pro-inflammatory factors were measured. After this, hepatic function and histopathological analysis and inflammation-related indices of the liver and colon were determined, along with short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) and gut microbiota composition. RESULTS GEN treatment decreased hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia, and serum pro-inflammatory factor levels and attenuated hepatic dysfunction, pathological changes, inflammation-related protein expression, and hepatocyte apoptosis. It also ameliorated colonic pathological changes, tight junction-associated protein expression, and pro-inflammatory factor increases. Furthermore, high-dose GEN treatment increased the concentrations of SCFAs and down-regulated the ratio of Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes and the abundance of Proteobacteria at the phylum level. However, GEN increased the abundances of Bacteroides and Prevotella and decreased the levels of Helicobacter and Ruminococcus at the genus level in T2D mice. CONCLUSION GEN showed ameliorative effects on glucose and lipid dysmetabolism and hepatic and colonic dysfunction; most importantly, GEN could ameliorate inflammation and insulin resistance through modulation of gut microbiota composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Yang
- Department of Physiology, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, 233030, China.,School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, China
| | - Qiang Jia
- Department of Physiology, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, 233030, China.
| | | | - Shanfeng Ma
- Department of Physiology, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, 233030, China
| | - Xiaofen Liu
- Department of Physiology, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, 233030, China
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Sanchez-Morate E, Gimeno-Mallench L, Stromsnes K, Sanz-Ros J, Román-Domínguez A, Parejo-Pedrajas S, Inglés M, Olaso G, Gambini J, Mas-Bargues C. Relationship between Diet, Microbiota, and Healthy Aging. Biomedicines 2020; 8:E287. [PMID: 32823858 PMCID: PMC7460310 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines8080287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Revised: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to medical advances and lifestyle changes, population life expectancy has increased. For this reason, it is important to achieve healthy aging by reducing the risk factors causing damage and pathologies associated with age. Through nutrition, one of the pillars of health, we are able to modify these factors through modulation of the intestinal microbiota. The Mediterranean and Oriental diets are proof of this, as well as the components present in them, such as fiber and polyphenols. These generate beneficial effects on the body thanks, in part, to their interaction with intestinal bacteria. Likewise, the low consumption of products with high fat content favors the state of the microbiota, contributing to the maintenance of good health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Sanchez-Morate
- Freshage Research Group, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia, CIBERFES-ISCIII, INCLIVA, 46010 Valencia, Spain; (E.S.-M.); (L.G.-M.); (K.S.); (J.S.-R.); (A.R.-D.); (S.P.-P.); (G.O.); (C.M.-B.)
| | - Lucia Gimeno-Mallench
- Freshage Research Group, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia, CIBERFES-ISCIII, INCLIVA, 46010 Valencia, Spain; (E.S.-M.); (L.G.-M.); (K.S.); (J.S.-R.); (A.R.-D.); (S.P.-P.); (G.O.); (C.M.-B.)
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Cardenal Herrera CEU University, 46115 Valencia, Spain
| | - Kristine Stromsnes
- Freshage Research Group, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia, CIBERFES-ISCIII, INCLIVA, 46010 Valencia, Spain; (E.S.-M.); (L.G.-M.); (K.S.); (J.S.-R.); (A.R.-D.); (S.P.-P.); (G.O.); (C.M.-B.)
| | - Jorge Sanz-Ros
- Freshage Research Group, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia, CIBERFES-ISCIII, INCLIVA, 46010 Valencia, Spain; (E.S.-M.); (L.G.-M.); (K.S.); (J.S.-R.); (A.R.-D.); (S.P.-P.); (G.O.); (C.M.-B.)
| | - Aurora Román-Domínguez
- Freshage Research Group, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia, CIBERFES-ISCIII, INCLIVA, 46010 Valencia, Spain; (E.S.-M.); (L.G.-M.); (K.S.); (J.S.-R.); (A.R.-D.); (S.P.-P.); (G.O.); (C.M.-B.)
| | - Sergi Parejo-Pedrajas
- Freshage Research Group, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia, CIBERFES-ISCIII, INCLIVA, 46010 Valencia, Spain; (E.S.-M.); (L.G.-M.); (K.S.); (J.S.-R.); (A.R.-D.); (S.P.-P.); (G.O.); (C.M.-B.)
| | - Marta Inglés
- Freshage Research Group, Department of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Physiotherapy, University of Valencia, CIBERFES-ISCIII, INCLIVA, 46010 Valencia, Spain;
| | - Gloria Olaso
- Freshage Research Group, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia, CIBERFES-ISCIII, INCLIVA, 46010 Valencia, Spain; (E.S.-M.); (L.G.-M.); (K.S.); (J.S.-R.); (A.R.-D.); (S.P.-P.); (G.O.); (C.M.-B.)
| | - Juan Gambini
- Freshage Research Group, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia, CIBERFES-ISCIII, INCLIVA, 46010 Valencia, Spain; (E.S.-M.); (L.G.-M.); (K.S.); (J.S.-R.); (A.R.-D.); (S.P.-P.); (G.O.); (C.M.-B.)
| | - Cristina Mas-Bargues
- Freshage Research Group, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia, CIBERFES-ISCIII, INCLIVA, 46010 Valencia, Spain; (E.S.-M.); (L.G.-M.); (K.S.); (J.S.-R.); (A.R.-D.); (S.P.-P.); (G.O.); (C.M.-B.)
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Sánchez-Tapia M, Moreno-Vicencio D, Ordáz-Nava G, Guevara-Cruz M, Granados-Portillo O, Vargas-Castillo A, Torres N, Tovar AR. Antibiotic Treatment Reduces the Health Benefits of Soy Protein. Mol Nutr Food Res 2020; 64:e2000532. [PMID: 32729948 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202000532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
SCOPE Soy protein is a high-quality protein and its consumption has been associated with a reduction of serum cholesterol and triglycerides and an improvement in insulin resistance. However, it is not known whether the effects of soy protein are mediated by the gut microbiota. Thus, the aim of this study is to assess whether using antibiotics to partially eradicate the gut microbiota can prevent the beneficial effects of soy protein in rats. METHODS AND RESULTS Thus, rats are fed one of the following diets for 16 weeks: casein control, soy protein control, high-fat casein, and high-fat soy protein. The rats are then treated for 4 weeks with antibiotics. Body weight and composition, energy expenditure, glucose tolerance test, metabolic endotoxemia, and gut microbiota are measured before and after treatment with antibiotic. The results show that soy protein consumption decreases weight gain, body fat, metabolic endotoxemia, and increases energy expenditure and glucose tolerance. Antibiotic treatment suppresses all these metabolic effects. These changes are accompanied by modifying the diversity and taxonomy of the gut microbiota. CONCLUSION In conclusion, the evidence suggests that the health benefits of soy protein are partly dependent of the gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Sánchez-Tapia
- Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Medicas y Nutricion Salvador Zubiran, Av. Vasco de Quiroga No. 15 Col. Belisario Domínguez Sección XVI, Mexico, CDMX, 14080, Mexico
| | - Daniela Moreno-Vicencio
- Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Medicas y Nutricion Salvador Zubiran, Av. Vasco de Quiroga No. 15 Col. Belisario Domínguez Sección XVI, Mexico, CDMX, 14080, Mexico
| | - Guillermo Ordáz-Nava
- Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Medicas y Nutricion Salvador Zubiran, Av. Vasco de Quiroga No. 15 Col. Belisario Domínguez Sección XVI, Mexico, CDMX, 14080, Mexico
| | - Martha Guevara-Cruz
- Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Medicas y Nutricion Salvador Zubiran, Av. Vasco de Quiroga No. 15 Col. Belisario Domínguez Sección XVI, Mexico, CDMX, 14080, Mexico
| | - Omar Granados-Portillo
- Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Medicas y Nutricion Salvador Zubiran, Av. Vasco de Quiroga No. 15 Col. Belisario Domínguez Sección XVI, Mexico, CDMX, 14080, Mexico
| | - Ariana Vargas-Castillo
- Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Medicas y Nutricion Salvador Zubiran, Av. Vasco de Quiroga No. 15 Col. Belisario Domínguez Sección XVI, Mexico, CDMX, 14080, Mexico
| | - Nimbe Torres
- Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Medicas y Nutricion Salvador Zubiran, Av. Vasco de Quiroga No. 15 Col. Belisario Domínguez Sección XVI, Mexico, CDMX, 14080, Mexico
| | - Armando R Tovar
- Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Medicas y Nutricion Salvador Zubiran, Av. Vasco de Quiroga No. 15 Col. Belisario Domínguez Sección XVI, Mexico, CDMX, 14080, Mexico
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Zhao Y, Zhu Y, Wang P, Sang S. Dietary Genistein Reduces Methylglyoxal and Advanced Glycation End Product Accumulation in Obese Mice Treated with High-Fat Diet. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2020; 68:7416-7424. [PMID: 32573222 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c03286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Our previous study has found that dietary genistein could ameliorate high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity and especially lower methylglyoxal (MGO) and advanced glycation end product (AGE) accumulation in healthy mice exposed to genistein and HFD. However, it is still unclear whether dietary genistein intervention has a similar beneficial effect in obese mice. In this study, the mice were induced with obesity after being fed a HFD for nine weeks before being administered with two doses of genistein, 0.1% (G 0.1) and 0.2% (G 0.2), in the HFD for additional 19 weeks. After 19 week treatment, genistein supplementation reduced body and liver weights, plasma and liver MGO levels, and kidney AGE levels in mice. Mechanistically, genistein upregulated the expressions of glyoxalase I and II and aldose reductase to detoxify MGO, and genistein and its microbial metabolites, dihydrogenistein and 6'-hydroxy-O-demethylangolensin, were able to trap endogenous MGO via formation of MGO conjugates. Taken together, our results provide novel insights into the antiobesity and antiglycation roles of dietary genistein in obese subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yantao Zhao
- Laboratory for Functional Foods and Human Health, Center for Excellence in Post-Harvest Technologies, North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University, North Carolina Research Campus, 500 Laureate Way, Kannapolis, North Carolina 28081, United States
| | - Yingdong Zhu
- Laboratory for Functional Foods and Human Health, Center for Excellence in Post-Harvest Technologies, North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University, North Carolina Research Campus, 500 Laureate Way, Kannapolis, North Carolina 28081, United States
| | - Pei Wang
- Laboratory for Functional Foods and Human Health, Center for Excellence in Post-Harvest Technologies, North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University, North Carolina Research Campus, 500 Laureate Way, Kannapolis, North Carolina 28081, United States
| | - Shengmin Sang
- Laboratory for Functional Foods and Human Health, Center for Excellence in Post-Harvest Technologies, North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University, North Carolina Research Campus, 500 Laureate Way, Kannapolis, North Carolina 28081, United States
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Guo TL, Chen Y, Xu HS, McDonough CM, Huang G. Gut microbiome in neuroendocrine and neuroimmune interactions: The case of genistein. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2020; 402:115130. [PMID: 32673657 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2020.115130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2019] [Revised: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The healthy and diverse microbes living in our gut provide numerous benefits to our health. It is increasingly recognized that the gut microbiome affects the host's neurobehavioral state through production of metabolites, modulation of intestinal immunity (e.g., cytokines) and other mechanisms (e.g., gut neuropeptides). By sending the sensed information (e.g., metabolic and immunologic mediators) about the state of the inner organs to the brain via afferent fibers, the vagus nerve maintains one of the connections between the brain and GI tract, and oversees many critical bodily functions (e.g., mood, immune response, digestion and heart rate). The microbiota-gut-brain axis is a bidirectional communication between the gut, its microbiome, and the nervous system. In the present review, the roles of microbiome in neuroendocrine and neuroimmune interactions have been discussed using naturally occurring isoflavones, particularly the phytoestrogen genistein, as there are sex differences in the interactions among the microbiome, hormones, immunity and disease susceptibility. A deep understanding of the mechanisms underlying the interactions among the endocrine modulators, brain, endocrine glands, gut immune cells, vagus nerve, enteric nervous system and gut microbiome will provide important knowledges that may ultimately lead to treatment and prevention of debilitating disorders characterized by deficits of microbiome-neuroendocrine-neuroimmune relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tai L Guo
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences and Diagnostic Imaging, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA.
| | - Yingjia Chen
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences and Diagnostic Imaging, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Hannah Shibo Xu
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences and Diagnostic Imaging, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Callie M McDonough
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences and Diagnostic Imaging, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
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36
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Kaur S, Sarma SJ, Marshall BL, Liu Y, Kinkade JA, Bellamy MM, Mao J, Helferich WG, Schenk AK, Bivens NJ, Lei Z, Sumner LW, Bowden JA, Koelmel JP, Joshi T, Rosenfeld CS. Developmental exposure of California mice to endocrine disrupting chemicals and potential effects on the microbiome-gut-brain axis at adulthood. Sci Rep 2020; 10:10902. [PMID: 32616744 PMCID: PMC7331640 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-67709-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2019] [Accepted: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Xenoestrogens are chemicals found in plant products, such as genistein (GEN), and in industrial chemicals, e.g., bisphenol A (BPA), present in plastics and other products that are prevalent in the environment. Early exposure to such endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDC) may affect brain development by directly disrupting neural programming and/or through the microbiome-gut-brain axis. To test this hypothesis, California mice (Peromyscus californicus) offspring were exposed through the maternal diet to GEN (250 mg/kg feed weight) or BPA (5 mg/kg feed weight, low dose- LD or 50 mg/kg, upper dose-UD), and dams were placed on these diets two weeks prior to breeding, throughout gestation, and lactation. Various behaviors, gut microbiota, and fecal metabolome were assessed at 90 days of age. The LD but not UD of BPA exposure resulted in individuals spending more time engaging in repetitive behaviors. GEN exposed individuals were more likely to exhibit such behaviors and showed socio-communicative disturbances. BPA and GEN exposed females had increased number of metabolites involved in carbohydrate metabolism and synthesis. Males exposed to BPA or GEN showed alterations in lysine degradation and phenylalanine and tyrosine metabolism. Current findings indicate cause for concern that developmental exposure to BPA or GEN might affect the microbiome-gut-brain axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarabjit Kaur
- Christopher S Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA.,Biomedical Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
| | - Saurav J Sarma
- Christopher S Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA.,MU Metabolomics Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
| | - Brittney L Marshall
- Christopher S Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA.,Biomedical Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
| | - Yang Liu
- Christopher S Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA.,MU Institute of Data Science and Informatics, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
| | - Jessica A Kinkade
- Christopher S Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA.,Biomedical Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
| | - Madison M Bellamy
- Christopher S Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA.,Biomedical Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
| | - Jiude Mao
- Christopher S Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA.,Biomedical Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
| | - William G Helferich
- Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | | | - Nathan J Bivens
- DNA Core Facility, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
| | - Zhentian Lei
- Christopher S Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA.,MU Metabolomics Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA.,Department of Biochemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
| | - Lloyd W Sumner
- Christopher S Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA.,MU Metabolomics Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA.,Department of Biochemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
| | - John A Bowden
- Department of Physiological Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA.,Center for Environmental and Human Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - Jeremy P Koelmel
- Environmental Health Sciences, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA
| | - Trupti Joshi
- Christopher S Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA.,MU Institute of Data Science and Informatics, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA.,Department of Health Management and Informatics, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
| | - Cheryl S Rosenfeld
- Christopher S Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA. .,Biomedical Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA. .,MU Institute of Data Science and Informatics, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA. .,Thompson Center for Autism and Neurobehavioral Disorders, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA. .,Genetics Area Program, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA.
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37
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Zhang F, He F, Li L, Guo L, Zhang B, Yu S, Zhao W. Bioavailability Based on the Gut Microbiota: a New Perspective. Microbiol Mol Biol Rev 2020; 84:e00072-19. [PMID: 32350027 PMCID: PMC7194497 DOI: 10.1128/mmbr.00072-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The substantial discrepancy between the strong effects of functional foods and various drugs, especially traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs), and the poor bioavailability of these substances remains a perplexing problem. Understanding the gut microbiota, which acts as an effective bioreactor in the human intestinal tract, provides an opportunity for the redefinition of bioavailability. Here, we discuss four different pathways associated with the role of the gut microbiota in the transformation of parent compounds to beneficial or detrimental small molecules, which can enter the body's circulatory system and be available to target cells, tissues, and organs. We further describe and propose effective strategies for improving bioavailability and alleviating side effects with the help of the gut microbiota. This review also broadens our perspectives for the discovery of new medicinal components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Zhang
- Wuxi Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Fang He
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Li
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Lichun Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Bin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuhuai Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
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38
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Endocrine Disruptors in Food: Impact on Gut Microbiota and Metabolic Diseases. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12041158. [PMID: 32326280 PMCID: PMC7231259 DOI: 10.3390/nu12041158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2020] [Revised: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Endocrine disruptors (EDCs) have been associated with the increased incidence of metabolic disorders. In this work, we conducted a systematic review of the literature in order to identify the current knowledge of the interactions between EDCs in food, the gut microbiota, and metabolic disorders in order to shed light on this complex triad. Exposure to EDCs induces a series of changes including microbial dysbiosis and the induction of xenobiotic pathways and associated genes, enzymes, and metabolites involved in EDC metabolism. The products and by-products released following the microbial metabolism of EDCs can be taken up by the host; therefore, changes in the composition of the microbiota and in the production of microbial metabolites could have a major impact on host metabolism and the development of diseases. The remediation of EDC-induced changes in the gut microbiota might represent an alternative course for the treatment and prevention of metabolic diseases.
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39
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Guevara-Cruz M, Godinez-Salas ET, Sanchez-Tapia M, Torres-Villalobos G, Pichardo-Ontiveros E, Guizar-Heredia R, Arteaga-Sanchez L, Gamba G, Mojica-Espinosa R, Schcolnik-Cabrera A, Granados O, López-Barradas A, Vargas-Castillo A, Torre-Villalvazo I, Noriega LG, Torres N, Tovar AR. Genistein stimulates insulin sensitivity through gut microbiota reshaping and skeletal muscle AMPK activation in obese subjects. BMJ Open Diabetes Res Care 2020; 8:8/1/e000948. [PMID: 32152146 PMCID: PMC7064085 DOI: 10.1136/bmjdrc-2019-000948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Revised: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Obesity is associated with metabolic abnormalities, including insulin resistance and dyslipidemias. Previous studies demonstrated that genistein intake modifies the gut microbiota in mice by selectively increasing Akkermansia muciniphila, leading to reduction of metabolic endotoxemia and insulin sensitivity. However, it is not known whether the consumption of genistein in humans with obesity could modify the gut microbiota reducing the metabolic endotoxemia and insulin sensitivity. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS 45 participants with a Homeostatic Model Assessment (HOMA) index greater than 2.5 and body mass indices of ≥30 and≤40 kg/m2 were studied. Patients were randomly distributed to consume (1) placebo treatment or (2) genistein capsules (50 mg/day) for 2 months. Blood samples were taken to evaluate glucose concentration, lipid profile and serum insulin. Insulin resistance was determined by means of the HOMA for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) index and by an oral glucose tolerance test. After 2 months, the same variables were assessed including a serum metabolomic analysis, gut microbiota, and a skeletal muscle biopsy was obtained to study the gene expression of fatty acid oxidation. RESULTS In the present study, we show that the consumption of genistein for 2 months reduced insulin resistance in subjects with obesity, accompanied by a modification of the gut microbiota taxonomy, particularly by an increase in the Verrucomicrobia phylum. In addition, subjects showed a reduction in metabolic endotoxemia and an increase in 5'-adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase phosphorylation and expression of genes involved in fatty acid oxidation in skeletal muscle. As a result, there was an increase in circulating metabolites of β-oxidation and ω-oxidation, acyl-carnitines and ketone bodies. CONCLUSIONS Change in the gut microbiota was accompanied by an improvement in insulin resistance and an increase in skeletal muscle fatty acid oxidation. Therefore, genistein could be used as a part of dietary strategies to control the abnormalities associated with obesity, particularly insulin resistance; however, long-term studies are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martha Guevara-Cruz
- Fisiologia de la Nutricion, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Medicas y Nutricion Salvador Zubiran, Mexico
| | - Einar T Godinez-Salas
- Fisiologia de la Nutricion, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Medicas y Nutricion Salvador Zubiran, Mexico
| | - Monica Sanchez-Tapia
- Fisiologia de la Nutricion, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Medicas y Nutricion Salvador Zubiran, Mexico
| | | | - Edgar Pichardo-Ontiveros
- Fisiologia de la Nutricion, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Medicas y Nutricion Salvador Zubiran, Mexico
| | - Rocio Guizar-Heredia
- Fisiologia de la Nutricion, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Medicas y Nutricion Salvador Zubiran, Mexico
| | - Liliana Arteaga-Sanchez
- Fisiologia de la Nutricion, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Medicas y Nutricion Salvador Zubiran, Mexico
| | - Gerardo Gamba
- Nefrología, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Medicas y Nutricion Salvador Zubiran, Mexico
| | | | | | - Omar Granados
- Fisiologia de la Nutricion, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Medicas y Nutricion Salvador Zubiran, Mexico
| | - Adriana López-Barradas
- Fisiologia de la Nutricion, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Medicas y Nutricion Salvador Zubiran, Mexico
| | - Ariana Vargas-Castillo
- Fisiologia de la Nutricion, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Medicas y Nutricion Salvador Zubiran, Mexico
| | - Ivan Torre-Villalvazo
- Fisiologia de la Nutricion, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Medicas y Nutricion Salvador Zubiran, Mexico
| | - Lilia G Noriega
- Fisiologia de la Nutricion, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Medicas y Nutricion Salvador Zubiran, Mexico
| | - Nimbe Torres
- Fisiologia de la Nutricion, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Medicas y Nutricion Salvador Zubiran, Mexico
| | - Armando R Tovar
- Fisiologia de la Nutricion, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Medicas y Nutricion Salvador Zubiran, Mexico
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40
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Arnoriaga-Rodríguez M, Fernández-Real JM. Microbiota impacts on chronic inflammation and metabolic syndrome - related cognitive dysfunction. Rev Endocr Metab Disord 2019; 20:473-480. [PMID: 31884557 DOI: 10.1007/s11154-019-09537-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Cognitive dysfunction, one of the major concerns of increased life expectancy, is prevalent in patients with metabolic disorders. Added to the inflammation in the context of aging (inflammaging), low-grade chronic inflammation (metaflammation) accompanies metabolic diseases. Peripheral and central inflammation underlie metabolic syndrome - related cognitive dysfunction. The gut microbiota is increasingly recognized to be linked to both inflammaging and metaflammation in parallel to the pathophysiology of obesity, type 2 diabetes and the metabolic syndrome. Microbiota composition, diversity and diverse metabolites have been related to different metabolic features and cognitive traits. The study of different mouse models has contributed to identify characteristic microbiota profiles and shifts in the microbial gene richness in association with cognitive function. Diet, exercise and prebiotics, probiotics or symbiotics significantly influence cognition and changes in the microbiota. Few studies have analyzed the gut microbiota composition in association with cognitive function in humans. Impaired attention, mental flexibility and executive function have been observed in association with a microbiota ecosystem in cross-sectional and longitudinal studies. Nevertheless, the evidence in humans is still scarce and not causal relationships may be inferred, so larger and long-term studies are required to gain insight into the possible role of microbiota in human cognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Arnoriaga-Rodríguez
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Dr. Josep Trueta University Hospital, Girona Biomedical Research Institute [IdibGi], Carretera de França s/n, 17007, Girona, Spain
- Nutrition, Eumetabolism and Health Group, Girona Biomedical Research Institute (IdibGi), Girona, Spain
- CIBEROBN Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Girona, Girona, Spain
| | - José Manuel Fernández-Real
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Dr. Josep Trueta University Hospital, Girona Biomedical Research Institute [IdibGi], Carretera de França s/n, 17007, Girona, Spain.
- Nutrition, Eumetabolism and Health Group, Girona Biomedical Research Institute (IdibGi), Girona, Spain.
- CIBEROBN Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Madrid, Spain.
- Department of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Girona, Girona, Spain.
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41
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Syeda T, Sanchez-Tapia M, Pinedo-Vargas L, Granados O, Cuervo-Zanatta D, Rojas-Santiago E, Díaz-Cintra SA, Torres N, Perez-Cruz C. Bioactive Food Abates Metabolic and Synaptic Alterations by Modulation of Gut Microbiota in a Mouse Model of Alzheimer's Disease. J Alzheimers Dis 2019; 66:1657-1682. [PMID: 30475761 DOI: 10.3233/jad-180556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Recent investigations have demonstrated an important role of gut microbiota (GM) in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). GM modulates a host's health and disease by production of several substances, including lipopolysaccharides (LPS) and short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), among others. Diet can modify the composition and diversity of GM, and ingestion of a healthy diet has been suggested to lower the risk to develop AD. We have previously shown that bioactive food (BF) ingestion can abate neuroinflammation and oxidative stress and improve cognition in obese rats, effects associated with GM composition. Therefore, BF can impact the gut-brain axis and improved behavior. In this study, we aim to explore if inclusion of BF in the diet may impact central pathological markers of AD by modulation of the GM. Triple transgenic 3xTg-AD (TG) female mice were fed a combination of dried nopal, soy, chia oil, and turmeric for 7 months. We found that BF ingestion improved cognition and reduced Aβ aggregates and tau hyperphosphorylation. In addition, BF decreased MDA levels, astrocyte and microglial activation, PSD-95, synaptophysin, GluR1 and ARC protein levels in TG mice. Furthermore, TG mice fed BF showed increased levels of pGSK-3β. GM analysis revealed that pro-inflammatory bacteria were more abundant in TG mice compared to wild-type, while BF ingestion was able to restore the GM's composition, LPS, and propionate levels to control values. Therefore, the neuroprotective effects of BF may be mediated, in part, by modulation of GM and the release of neurotoxic substances that alter brain function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tauqeerunnisa Syeda
- Departmento de Farmacología, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del I.P.N. 2508, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Mónica Sanchez-Tapia
- Departamento de Fisiología de la Nutrición, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Laura Pinedo-Vargas
- Instituto Nacional de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Juriquilla-Querétaro, Mexico
| | - Omar Granados
- Departamento de Fisiología de la Nutrición, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Daniel Cuervo-Zanatta
- Departmento de Farmacología, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del I.P.N. 2508, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | - Sof A Díaz-Cintra
- Instituto Nacional de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Juriquilla-Querétaro, Mexico
| | - Nimbe Torres
- Departamento de Fisiología de la Nutrición, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Claudia Perez-Cruz
- Departmento de Farmacología, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del I.P.N. 2508, Mexico City, Mexico
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42
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Sánchez-Tapia M, Tovar AR, Torres N. Diet as Regulator of Gut Microbiota and its Role in Health and Disease. Arch Med Res 2019; 50:259-268. [PMID: 31593850 DOI: 10.1016/j.arcmed.2019.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, the gut microbiota has been of great interest due to its role in maintaining health and its association with the development of different diseases such as obesity and diabetes. The objective of the present review is to show the main functions of the gut microbiota, the role in the degradation of complex carbohydrates particularly soluble fiber, resistant starches and bioactive compounds particularly polyphenols. In addition, the review will focus on the nutrient-gut microbiota interaction and its role on the development of dysbiosis (imbalance) and low-grade inflammation during the obesity and type 2 diabetes. Finally, several strategies using prebiotics will be discussed to reduce the gut microbiota dysbiosis, and to improve some biochemical abnormalities during obesity and type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mónica Sánchez-Tapia
- Departamento de Fisiología de la Nutrición, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Armando R Tovar
- Departamento de Fisiología de la Nutrición, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Nimbe Torres
- Departamento de Fisiología de la Nutrición, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Ciudad de México, México.
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43
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Regulation of Gut Microbiota and Metabolic Endotoxemia with Dietary Factors. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11102277. [PMID: 31547555 PMCID: PMC6835897 DOI: 10.3390/nu11102277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2019] [Revised: 09/13/2019] [Accepted: 09/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolic endotoxemia is a condition in which blood lipopolysaccharide (LPS) levels are elevated, regardless of the presence of obvious infection. It has been suggested to lead to chronic inflammation-related diseases such as obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), pancreatitis, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and Alzheimer’s disease. In addition, it has attracted attention as a target for the prevention and treatment of these chronic diseases. As metabolic endotoxemia was first reported in mice that were fed a high-fat diet, research regarding its relationship with diets has been actively conducted in humans and animals. In this review, we summarize the relationship between fat intake and induction of metabolic endotoxemia, focusing on gut dysbiosis and the influx, kinetics, and metabolism of LPS. We also summarize the recent findings about dietary factors that attenuate metabolic endotoxemia, focusing on the regulation of gut microbiota. We hope that in the future, control of metabolic endotoxemia using dietary factors will help maintain human health.
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44
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Yue SJ, Wang WX, Yu JG, Chen YY, Shi XQ, Yan D, Zhou GS, Zhang L, Wang CY, Duan JA, Tang YP. Gut microbiota modulation with traditional Chinese medicine: A system biology-driven approach. Pharmacol Res 2019; 148:104453. [PMID: 31541688 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2019.104453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2019] [Revised: 08/17/2019] [Accepted: 09/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
With the development of system biology, traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is drawing more and more attention nowadays. However, there are still many enigmas behind this ancient medical system because of the arcane theory and complex mechanism of actions. In recent decades, advancements in genome sequencing technologies, bioinformatics and culturomics have led to the groundbreaking characterization of the gut microbiota, a 'forgotten organ', and its role in host health and disease. Notably, gut microbiota has been emerging as a new avenue to understanding TCM. In this review, we will focus on the structure, composition, functionality and metabolites of gut microbiota affected by TCM so as to conversely understand its theory and mechanisms. We will also discuss the potential areas of gut microbiota for exploring Chinese material medica waste, Chinese marine material medica, add-on therapy and personalized precise medication of TCM. The review will conclude with future perspectives and challenges of gut microbiota in TCM intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Jun Yue
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine for TCM Compatibility, and State Key Laboratory of Research & Development of Characteristic Qin Medicine Resources (Cultivation), and Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Fundamentals and New Drugs Research, and Shaanxi Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xi'an 712046, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Bio-characteristic Profiling for Evaluation of Rational Drug Use, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100038, China; Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, The Ministry of Education of China, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266000, China
| | - Wen-Xiao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine for TCM Compatibility, and State Key Laboratory of Research & Development of Characteristic Qin Medicine Resources (Cultivation), and Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Fundamentals and New Drugs Research, and Shaanxi Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xi'an 712046, China
| | - Jin-Gao Yu
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine for TCM Compatibility, and State Key Laboratory of Research & Development of Characteristic Qin Medicine Resources (Cultivation), and Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Fundamentals and New Drugs Research, and Shaanxi Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xi'an 712046, China
| | - Yan-Yan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine for TCM Compatibility, and State Key Laboratory of Research & Development of Characteristic Qin Medicine Resources (Cultivation), and Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Fundamentals and New Drugs Research, and Shaanxi Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xi'an 712046, China
| | - Xu-Qin Shi
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High Technology Research of TCM Formulae, and National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Dan Yan
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Bio-characteristic Profiling for Evaluation of Rational Drug Use, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100038, China.
| | - Gui-Sheng Zhou
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High Technology Research of TCM Formulae, and National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High Technology Research of TCM Formulae, and National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Chang-Yun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, The Ministry of Education of China, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266000, China
| | - Jin-Ao Duan
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High Technology Research of TCM Formulae, and National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yu-Ping Tang
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine for TCM Compatibility, and State Key Laboratory of Research & Development of Characteristic Qin Medicine Resources (Cultivation), and Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Fundamentals and New Drugs Research, and Shaanxi Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xi'an 712046, China; Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High Technology Research of TCM Formulae, and National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China.
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Ticinesi A, Nouvenne A, Tana C, Prati B, Meschi T. Gut Microbiota and Microbiota-Related Metabolites as Possible Biomarkers of Cognitive Aging. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1178:129-154. [PMID: 31493226 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-25650-0_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Gut microbiota composition and functionality can influence the pathophysiology of age-related cognitive impairment and dementia, according to a large number of animal studies. The translation of this concept to humans is still uncertain, due to the relatively low number of clinical studies focused on fecal microbiota and large number of environmental factors that influence the microbiota composition. However, the fecal microbiota composition of older patients with dementia is deeply different from that of healthy active controls, conditioning a different metabolic profile. The possible use of fecal microbiota-related parameters and microbiota-derived metabolites as biomarkers of cognitive performance and dementia is critically reviewed in this paper, focusing on the most promising areas of research for the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Ticinesi
- Geriatric Rehabilitation Department, University-Hospital of Parma, Parma, Italy.
- Microbiome Research Hub, University of Parma, Parma, Italy.
| | - Antonio Nouvenne
- Geriatric Rehabilitation Department, University-Hospital of Parma, Parma, Italy
- Microbiome Research Hub, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Claudio Tana
- Geriatric Rehabilitation Department, University-Hospital of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Beatrice Prati
- Geriatric Rehabilitation Department, University-Hospital of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Tiziana Meschi
- Geriatric Rehabilitation Department, University-Hospital of Parma, Parma, Italy
- Microbiome Research Hub, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
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46
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Li W, Yang H, Lu Y. Capsaicin alleviates lipid metabolism disorder in high beef fat-fed mice. J Funct Foods 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2019.103444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
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Rosenfeld CS. Effects of Phytoestrogens on the Developing Brain, Gut Microbiota, and Risk for Neurobehavioral Disorders. Front Nutr 2019; 6:142. [PMID: 31555657 PMCID: PMC6727358 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2019.00142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2019] [Accepted: 08/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Many pregnant and nursing women consume high amounts of soy and other plant products that contain phytoestrogens, such as genistein (GEN) and daidzein. Infants may also be provided soy based formulas. With their ability to bind and activate estrogen receptors (ESR) in the brain, such compounds can disrupt normal brain programming and lead to later neurobehavioral disruptions. However, other studies suggest that maternal consumption of soy and soy based formulas containing such phytoestrogens might lead to beneficial behavioral effects. Select gut microbes might also convert daidzein and to a lesser extent genistein to even more potent forms, e.g., equol derivatives. Thus, infant exposure to phytoestrogens may result in contrasting effects dependent upon the gut flora. It is also becoming apparent that consumption or exposure to these xenoestrogens may lead to gut dysbiosis. Phytoestrogen-induced changes in gut bacteria might in turn affect the brain through various mechanisms. This review will consider the evidence to date in rodent and other animal models and human epidemiological data as to whether developmental exposure to phytoestrogens, in particular genistein and daidzein, adversely or beneficially impact offspring neurobehavioral programming. Consideration will be given to potential mechanisms by which such compounds might affect neurobehavioral responses. A better understanding of effects perinatal exposure to phytoestrogen can exert on brain programming will permit pregnant women and those seeking to become pregnant to make better-educated choices. If phytoestrogen-induced gut dysbiosis contributes to neurobehavioral disruptions, remediation strategies may be designed to prevent such gut microbiota alterations and thereby improve neurobehavioral outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheryl S. Rosenfeld
- Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
- MU Informatics Institute, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
- Thompson Center for Autism and Neurobehavioral Disorders, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
- Biomedical Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
- Genetics Area Program, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
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48
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Marshall BL, Liu Y, Farrington MJ, Mao J, Helferich WG, Schenk AK, Bivens NJ, Sarma SJ, Lei Z, Sumner LW, Joshi T, Rosenfeld CS. Early genistein exposure of California mice and effects on the gut microbiota-brain axis. J Endocrinol 2019; 242:139-157. [PMID: 31189133 PMCID: PMC6885123 DOI: 10.1530/joe-19-0214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Accepted: 06/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Human offspring encounter high amounts of phytoestrogens, such as genistein (GEN), through maternal diet and soy-based formulas. Such chemicals can exert estrogenic activity and thereby disrupt neurobehavioral programming. Besides inducing direct host effects, GEN might cause gut dysbiosis and alter gut metabolites. To determine whether exposure to GEN affects these parameters, California mice (Peromyscus californicus) dams were placed 2 weeks prior to breeding and throughout gestation and lactation on a diet supplemented with GEN (250 mg/kg feed weight) or AIN93G phytoestrogen-free control diet (AIN). At weaning, offspring socio-communicative behaviors, gut microbiota and metabolite profiles were assayed. Exposure of offspring to GEN-induced sex-dependent changes in gut microbiota and metabolites. GEN exposed females were less likely to investigate a novel female mouse when tested in a three-chamber social test. When isolated, GEN males and females exhibited increased latency to elicit their first call, suggestive of reduced motivation to communicate with other individuals. Correlation analyses revealed interactions between GEN-induced microbiome, metabolome and socio-communicative behaviors. Comparison of GEN males with AIN males revealed the fraction of calls above 20 kHz was associated with daidzein, α-tocopherol, Flexispira spp. and Odoribacter spp. Results suggest early GEN exposure disrupts normal socio-communicative behaviors in California mice, which are otherwise evident in these social rodents. Such effects may be due to GEN disruptions on neural programming but might also be attributed to GEN-induced microbiota shifts and resultant changes in gut metabolites. Findings indicate cause for concern that perinatal exposure to GEN may detrimentally affect the offspring microbiome-gut-brain axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brittney L Marshall
- Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
- Biomedical Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - Yang Liu
- Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
- Informatics Institute, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - Michelle J Farrington
- Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
- Biomedical Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - Jiude Mao
- Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
- Biomedical Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - William G Helferich
- Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | | | - Nathan J Bivens
- DNA Core Facility, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - Saurav J Sarma
- Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
- MU Metabolomics Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - Zhentian Lei
- Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
- MU Metabolomics Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - Lloyd W Sumner
- Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
- MU Metabolomics Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - Trupti Joshi
- Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
- Informatics Institute, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
- Department of Health Management and Informatics, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - Cheryl S Rosenfeld
- Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
- Biomedical Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
- Informatics Institute, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
- Thompson Center for Autism and Neurobehavioral Disorders, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
- Genetics Area Program, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
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Gender Differences in Phytoestrogens and the Relationship with Speed of Processing in Older Adults: A Cross-Sectional Analysis of NHANES, 1999-2002. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11081780. [PMID: 31374973 PMCID: PMC6723727 DOI: 10.3390/nu11081780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2019] [Revised: 07/16/2019] [Accepted: 07/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Sex hormone changes in adults are known to play a part in aging, including cognitive aging. Dietary intake of phytoestrogens can mimic estrogenic effects on brain function. Since sex hormones differ between genders, it is important to examine gender differences in the phytoestrogen–cognition association. Therefore, the goal of this study is to examine the relationship between urinary phytoestrogens and speed of processing (SOP) and the variation of the association between genders in older adults. Participants were drawn from the 1999–2002 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey and included 354 individuals aged 65–85 years old. General linear models (GLMs) were used to test for significant gender differences in the relationship between phytoestrogens and SOP. Results from the GLMs showed significant gender differences in the relationship between genistein and SOP. Higher levels of genistein were associated with better SOP in women. This relationship was reversed in men: higher genistein levels were associated with worse performance. Results indicate that there are distinct gender differences in the relationship between genistein and SOP. These results emphasize the importance of considering gender differences when devising dietary and pharmacologic interventions that target phytoestrogens to improve brain health.
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Zhou L, Xiao X, Zhang Q, Zheng J, Deng M. Maternal Genistein Intake Mitigates the Deleterious Effects of High-Fat Diet on Glucose and Lipid Metabolism and Modulates Gut Microbiota in Adult Life of Male Mice. Front Physiol 2019; 10:985. [PMID: 31417434 PMCID: PMC6682633 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.00985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2019] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Adverse early-life exposures program increased risk of chronic metabolic diseases in adulthood. However, the effects of genistein supplementation in early life on metabolic health in later life are largely unclear. Our objective was to investigate whether maternal genistein intake could mitigate the deleterious influence of a maternal high-fat diet on glucose and lipid metabolism in offspring and to explore the role of gut microbiota in mediating the transgenerational effects. C57BL/6 female mice were fed either a high-fat diet (HF), high-fat diet with genistein (0.6 g/kg diet) (HFG) or normal control diet (C) for 3 weeks before pregnancy and throughout pregnancy and lactation. The male offspring had ad libitum access to normal chow diet from weaning to 24 weeks of age. Then the content of inguinal subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) and epididymal visceral adipose tissue (VAT) were weighed. Glucose tolerance test (GTT), the level of serum insulin and lipid profiles were analyzed. The caecal contents were collected for 16S rDNA sequencing. The results showed that maternal genistein intake could significantly reduce blood glucose levels during GTT, fasting insulin levels, VAT mass and serum triglyceride levels as well as increase high-density lipoprotein cholesterol in adult male offspring. Significant decrease of germs from the Tenericutes phylum and enrichment of Rikenella as well as SCFA (short-chain fatty acid)-producing bacteria, including Alloprevotella, Odoribacter, and Clostridium XlVa, in offspring of genistein fed dams might play crucial roles in the improvement of glucose and lipid metabolism. Overall, early-life genistein intake attenuated the harmful effects of maternal HF on metabolism in adult offspring and the protective effects were associated with the alterations in gut microbiota, which provides new evidence and targets for mitigate the poor effects of adverse early-life exposures on metabolic health in later life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyuan Zhou
- Department of Endocrinology, Key Laboratory of Endocrinology, Translational Medicine Center, Ministry of Health, Peking Union Medical College, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xinhua Xiao
- Department of Endocrinology, Key Laboratory of Endocrinology, Translational Medicine Center, Ministry of Health, Peking Union Medical College, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Key Laboratory of Endocrinology, Translational Medicine Center, Ministry of Health, Peking Union Medical College, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jia Zheng
- Department of Endocrinology, Key Laboratory of Endocrinology, Translational Medicine Center, Ministry of Health, Peking Union Medical College, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Mingqun Deng
- Department of Endocrinology, Key Laboratory of Endocrinology, Translational Medicine Center, Ministry of Health, Peking Union Medical College, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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