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Vázquez-Solórzano R, Enciso-Ramírez MA, Sánchez-Caballero B, Parra-Rojas I, Valdés-Miramontes E, Barajas-García L, García-Ortíz L, Reyes-Castillo Z. Leptin/Ghrelin Axis and Antibodies Reactive to Both Hormones in Relation to Metabolic Syndrome Components in Mexican Children. Metab Syndr Relat Disord 2024. [PMID: 39133224 DOI: 10.1089/met.2024.0109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: Metabolic syndrome (MetS) in children is a rising health issue that is strongly associated with cardiovascular diseases and type 2 diabetes mellitus development. Low-affinity antibodies reactive to leptin and ghrelin are suggested to regulate hormone stability and function; nevertheless, the role of the leptin/ghrelin axis and antibodies reactive to both hormones in relation to MetS or its components in the pediatric population remains unknown. Methods: Fifty-eight children (7-12 years) were included and categorized according to the presence of one or more criteria for the diagnosis of MetS or according to body mass index. Body composition, biochemical variables, and metabolic risk indexes were determined. Antibodies reactive to leptin and ghrelin were quantified by an in-house enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay test. Ratios of leptin/ghrelin hormones and anti-leptin/anti-ghrelin immune complexes were obtained. Results: The biochemical variables glucose (P = 0.0009), insulin (P = 0.0001), leptin (P = 0.0036), HOMA-IR (homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance) (P < 0.0001), and plasma atherogenic index (P < 0.0001) were significantly higher in children with two or three components of MetS (MetS 2-3) in comparison to children with none or one component (MetS 0-1). Ratios of leptin/ghrelin (P = 0.0307) and anti-leptin/anti-ghrelin immune complexes (P = 0.0338) were higher in MetS 2-3 group versus MetS 0-1 group. In MetS 2-3 group, both insulin (r = 0.4361, P = 0.0293) and HOMA-IR (r = 0.4761, P = 0.0161) were positively correlated with the leptin/ghrelin hormone ratio. Conclusions: The higher leptin/ghrelin hormone ratio scores observed in MetS 2-3 group, along with their correlation with insulin levels and HOMA-IR, highlight the role of leptin and ghrelin on insulin sensitivity and metabolic regulation. An increased ratio of anti-leptin/anti-ghrelin immune complexes suggests affinity changes in these antibodies that may lead to alterations in hormone function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Vázquez-Solórzano
- Laboratorio de Biomedicina y Biotecnología para la Salud, Centro Universitario del Sur, Universidad de Guadalajara, Zapotlán el Grande, México
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Comportamiento Alimentario y Nutrición, Centro Universitario del Sur, Universidad de Guadalajara, Zapotlán el Grande, México
| | - Mayra Alejandra Enciso-Ramírez
- Laboratorio de Biomedicina y Biotecnología para la Salud, Centro Universitario del Sur, Universidad de Guadalajara, Zapotlán el Grande, México
| | - Berenice Sánchez-Caballero
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Comportamiento Alimentario y Nutrición, Centro Universitario del Sur, Universidad de Guadalajara, Zapotlán el Grande, México
| | - Isela Parra-Rojas
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Obesidad y Diabetes, Facultad de Ciencias Químico-Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Chilpancingo, México
| | - Elia Valdés-Miramontes
- Laboratorio de Biomedicina y Biotecnología para la Salud, Centro Universitario del Sur, Universidad de Guadalajara, Zapotlán el Grande, México
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Comportamiento Alimentario y Nutrición, Centro Universitario del Sur, Universidad de Guadalajara, Zapotlán el Grande, México
| | - Lourdes Barajas-García
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Comportamiento Alimentario y Nutrición, Centro Universitario del Sur, Universidad de Guadalajara, Zapotlán el Grande, México
| | - Lidia García-Ortíz
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Comportamiento Alimentario y Nutrición, Centro Universitario del Sur, Universidad de Guadalajara, Zapotlán el Grande, México
| | - Zyanya Reyes-Castillo
- Laboratorio de Biomedicina y Biotecnología para la Salud, Centro Universitario del Sur, Universidad de Guadalajara, Zapotlán el Grande, México
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Comportamiento Alimentario y Nutrición, Centro Universitario del Sur, Universidad de Guadalajara, Zapotlán el Grande, México
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Huang L, Liu Y, Geng T, Zhang N, Sun L, Wu S, Gao X. Healthy Sleep Pattern, Metabolic Diseases, and Risk of Stroke: The Kailuan Cohort Study. Nat Sci Sleep 2024; 16:1169-1178. [PMID: 39131166 PMCID: PMC11314433 DOI: 10.2147/nss.s468522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 07/16/2024] [Indexed: 08/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Sleep complaints were reported to be associated with stroke, however, the evidence on the association between healthy sleep pattern and stroke risk in Chinese is limited. Objective The aim of this study was to investigate the association between healthy sleep pattern and stroke in Chinese, and the influence of metabolic diseases on the association. Methods A total of 11,851 participants from the Kailuan study in China without stroke at baseline were included. We calculated a healthy sleep score according to four sleep factors, and defined the low-risk groups as follows: no insomnia, no excessive daytime sleepiness, no frequent snoring, and sleep 7-8h/d. Each low-risk sleep factor was assigned a score of 1. Cox proportional hazard models were used to assess the association between healthy sleep score and stroke. Mediation analysis was used to estimate the role of metabolic diseases (obesity, diabetes, and hypertension) in the healthy sleep score-stroke association. Results During a mean follow-up period of 7.7 years, 504 cases of stroke were identified. A higher healthy sleep score was associated with a lower risk of stroke in a dose-response manner (P-trend=0.03). The adjusted hazard ratio (HR) for participants with a healthy sleep score of 4 versus ≤2 was 0.75 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.56, 0.96). In addition, obesity, diabetes, and hypertension collectively explained 21.9% (95% CI: 17.2, 26.5) of the association between healthy sleep score and stroke. Conclusion Adherence to healthy sleep pattern was associated with a lower risk of stroke, and the favorable association was partially mediated by metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Huang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Institute of Nutrition, Fudan University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yesong Liu
- Department of Neurology, Kailuan General Hospital, Tangshan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tingting Geng
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Institute of Nutrition, Fudan University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Nannan Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Kailuan General Hospital, Tangshan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Liang Sun
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Institute of Nutrition, Fudan University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shouling Wu
- Department of Cardiology, Kailuan General Hospital, Tangshan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiang Gao
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Institute of Nutrition, Fudan University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
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Liu K, Luo J, Chen Y, Li B, Tian Y, Wang X, Liao X. Association between sarcopenia and sleep disorders: a cross-sectional population based study. Front Nutr 2024; 11:1415743. [PMID: 38962441 PMCID: PMC11220616 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2024.1415743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective Sleep disorders is a worldwide public health problem. We sought to examine the association between sarcopenia, a decline in skeletal muscle mass and function, and sleep disorders within the adult demographic of the United States during the period spanning 2011 to 2018. Methods Diagnosis of sarcopenia and sleep disorders was ascertained through appropriate calculations and a structured questionnaire. The primary correlation analysis was conducted using a weighted multivariate logistic regression model. Furthermore, to confirm the presence of a potential non-linear association between sarcopenia and sleep disorders, additional analyses were performed using multivariate logistic regression and restricted cubic spline (RCS) regression with dose-response curve analysis. Subgroup analyses were also conducted to explore the influence of relevant socio-demographic factors and other covariates. Results The final analysis encompassed 5,616 participants. Model 4, inclusive of all pertinent covariates, revealed a positive correlation between sarcopenia and sleep disorders, yielding an odds ratio (OR) of 1.732 (95% CI: 1.182-2.547; P = 0.002). Further analysis, utilizing the restricted cubic spline model, indicated a decreasing trend in sleep disorders as sarcopenia indices rose. Stratified analyses across diverse variables underscored the significant impact of sarcopenia on sleep disorders prevalence in several subgroups. Specifically, males, individuals aged 40 and above, non-Hispanic whites, those with high school education or equivalent, unmarried individuals, obese individuals (BMI ≥ 30), alcohol drinkers, former smokers, diabetics, and those engaging in less rigorous recreational activities exhibited a more pronounced association between sarcopenia and sleep disorders. The incidence of sleep disorders exhibited an upward trend as the incidence of sarcopenia declined among study participants. Conclusions In summary, our study provides evidence of an association between sarcopenia and the prevalence of sleep disorders, with a negative correlation observed between the sarcopenia index and the odds ratio of sleep disorders. These findings suggest that maintaining optimal muscle mass may have a beneficial impact on sleep-related issues. In terms of exploring the mechanisms underlying the relationship between sarcopenia and sleep disorders, more in-depth research is warranted to ascertain the definitive causal relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kepeng Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhongshan City People's Hospital, Zhongshan, Guangdong, China
| | - Jinhui Luo
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yong Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhongshan City People's Hospital, Zhongshan, Guangdong, China
| | - Binfei Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhongshan City People's Hospital, Zhongshan, Guangdong, China
| | - Ye Tian
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhongshan City People's Hospital, Zhongshan, Guangdong, China
| | - Xianxue Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Changde Hospital, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University (The First People's Hospital of Changde City), Changde, Hunan, China
| | - Xiaozu Liao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhongshan City People's Hospital, Zhongshan, Guangdong, China
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McClafferty H. Workforce Concerns: Professional Self Care, Personal Readiness, Impact of the Pandemic, and Other Factors that Impact the Workforce. Pediatr Clin North Am 2024; 71:413-429. [PMID: 38754933 DOI: 10.1016/j.pcl.2024.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
Physician burnout is pervasive and takes a heavy toll on individuals and the healthcare system. Post-coronavirus disease 2019 the negative impact of organizational culture on physician burnout has been highlighted. Substantial research has accrued identifying steps organizations can take to pivot and develop leaders committed to physician well-being. Physicians can also proactively explore research in sleep, nutrition, physical activity, stress management, and social connections. Positive mindset has a powerful protective effect in medicine, especially in the emerging areas of self-valuation, self-compassion, and positive psychology. Physician coaching can accelerate positive behavior change. Committed physician leaders are needed for sustained culture change to occur.
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Bu LF, Xiong CY, Zhong JY, Xiong Y, Li DM, Hong FF, Yang SL. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and sleep disorders. World J Hepatol 2024; 16:304-315. [PMID: 38577533 PMCID: PMC10989311 DOI: 10.4254/wjh.v16.i3.304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 02/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Studies have shown that non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) may be associated with sleep disorders. In order to explore the explicit relationship between the two, we systematically reviewed the effects of sleep disorders, especially obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), on the incidence of NAFLD, and analyzed the possible mechanisms after adjusting for confounding factors. NAFLD is independently associated with sleep disorders. Different sleep disorders may be the cause of the onset and aggravation of NAFLD. An excessive or insufficient sleep duration, poor sleep quality, insomnia, sleep-wake disorders, and OSA may increase the incidence of NAFLD. Despite that some research suggests a unidirectional causal link between the two, specifically, the onset of NAFLD is identified as a result of changes in sleep characteristics, and the reverse relationship does not hold true. Nevertheless, there is still a lack of specific research elucidating the reasons behind the higher risk of developing sleep disorders in individuals with NAFLD. Further research is needed to establish a clear relationship between NAFLD and sleep disorders. This will lay the groundwork for earlier identification of potential patients, which is crucial for earlier monitoring, diagnosis, effective prevention, and treatment of NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu-Fang Bu
- Department of Physiology, Fuzhou Medical College, Nanchang University, Fuzhou 344000, Jiangxi Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Chronic Diseases, Fuzhou Medical University, Fuzhou 344000, Jiangxi Province, China
- Technology Innovation Center of Chronic Disease Research in Fuzhou City, Fuzhou Science and Technology Bureau, Fuzhou 344000, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Chong-Yu Xiong
- Department of Physiology, Fuzhou Medical College, Nanchang University, Fuzhou 344000, Jiangxi Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Chronic Diseases, Fuzhou Medical University, Fuzhou 344000, Jiangxi Province, China
- Technology Innovation Center of Chronic Disease Research in Fuzhou City, Fuzhou Science and Technology Bureau, Fuzhou 344000, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Jie-Yi Zhong
- Department of Physiology, Fuzhou Medical College, Nanchang University, Fuzhou 344000, Jiangxi Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Chronic Diseases, Fuzhou Medical University, Fuzhou 344000, Jiangxi Province, China
- Technology Innovation Center of Chronic Disease Research in Fuzhou City, Fuzhou Science and Technology Bureau, Fuzhou 344000, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Yan Xiong
- Department of Physiology, Fuzhou Medical College, Nanchang University, Fuzhou 344000, Jiangxi Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Chronic Diseases, Fuzhou Medical University, Fuzhou 344000, Jiangxi Province, China
- Technology Innovation Center of Chronic Disease Research in Fuzhou City, Fuzhou Science and Technology Bureau, Fuzhou 344000, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Dong-Ming Li
- Department of Physiology, Fuzhou Medical College, Nanchang University, Fuzhou 344000, Jiangxi Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Chronic Diseases, Fuzhou Medical University, Fuzhou 344000, Jiangxi Province, China
- Technology Innovation Center of Chronic Disease Research in Fuzhou City, Fuzhou Science and Technology Bureau, Fuzhou 344000, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Fen-Fang Hong
- Experimental Center of Pathogen Biology, College of Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Shu-Long Yang
- Department of Physiology, Fuzhou Medical College, Nanchang University, Fuzhou 344000, Jiangxi Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Chronic Diseases, Fuzhou Medical University, Fuzhou 344000, Jiangxi Province, China
- Technology Innovation Center of Chronic Disease Research in Fuzhou City, Fuzhou Science and Technology Bureau, Fuzhou 344000, Jiangxi Province, China.
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Taramasso L, Dettori S, Ricci E, Lerta S, Mora S, Blanchi S, Giacomini M, Vena A, Bassetti M, Di Biagio A. Weight Gain in Overweight and Obese People with HIV-The OBHIV Cohort. J Clin Med 2024; 13:1211. [PMID: 38592054 PMCID: PMC10932370 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13051211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND HIV and non-HIV-related factors have been related to weight gain (WG); however, their specific impact on people with HIV (PWH) who are overweight or obese remains unclear. METHODS This is a single-center observational study enrolling PWH with a BMI > 25 kg/m2. A generalized linear model was used to assess variables related to greater WG during 12 years of observation. RESULTS A total of 321 PWH were enrolled, 67% overweight and 33% obese, who gained an average of 0.2 ± 1.3 and 1.7 ± 1.5 kg/year, respectively (p < 0.0001). Years since HIV infection were the only variable significantly associated with WG (β -0.048, 95% CI -0.083; -0.013) during the study period, while type of ART did not influence the outcome. Narrowing the observation to the period of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, PWH with a longer duration of infection (β 0.075, 95% CI 0.033; 0.117) and a greater increase in triglycerides (β 0.005; 95% CI 0.000; 0.011) gained more weight, while higher BMI (β -0.256, 95% CI -0.352; -0.160), obesity (β -1.363, 95% CI -2.319; -0.408), diabetes mellitus (β -1.538, 95% CI -2.797; -0.278), and greater abdominal circumference (β -0.086, 95% CI -0.142; -0.030) resulted in protection. CONCLUSION Among overweight and obese PWH, the amount of WG was higher in the first years after diagnosis of HIV and decreased thereafter, despite aging, regardless of the type of ART.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Taramasso
- Infectious Disease Clinic, IRCCS Policlinico San Martino Hospital, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (S.B.); (A.V.); (M.B.); (A.D.B.)
| | - Silvia Dettori
- Department of Health Sciences, Infectious Disease Clinic, University of Genoa, 16126 Genoa, Italy; (S.D.); (S.L.)
| | - Elena Ricci
- Fondazione ASIA Onlus, Buccinasco, 20090 Milan, Italy;
| | - Sonia Lerta
- Department of Health Sciences, Infectious Disease Clinic, University of Genoa, 16126 Genoa, Italy; (S.D.); (S.L.)
| | - Sara Mora
- Department of Informatics, Bioengineering, Robotics and System Engineering (DIBRIS), University of Genoa, 16126 Genoa, Italy; (S.M.); (M.G.)
| | - Sabrina Blanchi
- Infectious Disease Clinic, IRCCS Policlinico San Martino Hospital, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (S.B.); (A.V.); (M.B.); (A.D.B.)
| | - Mauro Giacomini
- Department of Informatics, Bioengineering, Robotics and System Engineering (DIBRIS), University of Genoa, 16126 Genoa, Italy; (S.M.); (M.G.)
| | - Antonio Vena
- Infectious Disease Clinic, IRCCS Policlinico San Martino Hospital, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (S.B.); (A.V.); (M.B.); (A.D.B.)
- Department of Health Sciences, Infectious Disease Clinic, University of Genoa, 16126 Genoa, Italy; (S.D.); (S.L.)
| | - Matteo Bassetti
- Infectious Disease Clinic, IRCCS Policlinico San Martino Hospital, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (S.B.); (A.V.); (M.B.); (A.D.B.)
- Department of Health Sciences, Infectious Disease Clinic, University of Genoa, 16126 Genoa, Italy; (S.D.); (S.L.)
| | - Antonio Di Biagio
- Infectious Disease Clinic, IRCCS Policlinico San Martino Hospital, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (S.B.); (A.V.); (M.B.); (A.D.B.)
- Department of Health Sciences, Infectious Disease Clinic, University of Genoa, 16126 Genoa, Italy; (S.D.); (S.L.)
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Akhlaghi M, Kohanmoo A. Sleep deprivation in development of obesity, effects on appetite regulation, energy metabolism, and dietary choices. Nutr Res Rev 2023:1-21. [PMID: 37905402 DOI: 10.1017/s0954422423000264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2023]
Abstract
Sleep deprivation, which is a decrease in duration and quality of sleep, is a common problem in today's life. Epidemiological and interventional investigations have suggested a link between sleep deprivation and overweight/obesity. Sleep deprivation affects homeostatic and non-homoeostatic regulation of appetite, with the food reward system playing a dominant role. Factors such as sex and weight status affect this regulation; men and individuals with excess weight seem to be more sensitive to reward-driven and hedonistic regulation of food intake. Sleep deprivation may also affect weight through affecting physical activity and energy expenditure. In addition, sleep deprivation influences food selection and eating behaviours, which are mainly managed by the food reward system. Sleep-deprived individuals mostly crave for palatable energy-dense foods and have low desire for fruit and vegetables. Consumption of meals may not change but energy intake from snacks increases. The individuals have more desire for snacks with high sugar and saturated fat content. The relationship between sleep and the diet is mutual, implying that diet and eating behaviours also affect sleep duration and quality. Consuming healthy diets containing fruit and vegetables and food sources of protein and unsaturated fats and low quantities of saturated fat and sugar may be used as a diet strategy to improve sleep. Since the effects of sleep deficiency differ between animals and humans, only evidence from human subject studies has been included, controversies are discussed and the need for future investigations is highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masoumeh Akhlaghi
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Ali Kohanmoo
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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Arora N, Bhatta L, Skarpsno ES, Dalen H, Åsvold BO, Brumpton BM, Richmond RC, Strand LB. Investigating the causal interplay between sleep traits and risk of acute myocardial infarction: a Mendelian randomization study. BMC Med 2023; 21:385. [PMID: 37798698 PMCID: PMC10557341 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-023-03078-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Few studies have investigated the joint effects of sleep traits on the risk of acute myocardial infarction (AMI). No previous study has used factorial Mendelian randomization (MR) which may reduce confounding, reverse causation, and measurement error. Thus, it is prudent to study joint effects using robust methods to propose sleep-targeted interventions which lower the risk of AMI. METHODS The causal interplay between combinations of two sleep traits (including insomnia symptoms, sleep duration, or chronotype) on the risk of AMI was investigated using factorial MR. Genetic risk scores for each sleep trait were dichotomized at their median in UK Biobank (UKBB) and the second survey of the Trøndelag Health Study (HUNT2). A combination of two sleep traits constituting 4 groups were analyzed to estimate the risk of AMI in each group using a 2×2 factorial MR design. RESULTS In UKBB, participants with high genetic risk for both insomnia symptoms and short sleep had the highest risk of AMI (hazard ratio (HR) 1.10; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.03, 1.18), although there was no evidence of interaction (relative excess risk due to interaction (RERI) 0.03; 95% CI -0.07, 0.12). These estimates were less precise in HUNT2 (HR 1.02; 95% CI 0.93, 1.13), possibly due to weak instruments and/or small sample size. Participants with high genetic risk for both a morning chronotype and insomnia symptoms (HR 1.09; 95% CI 1.03, 1.17) and a morning chronotype and short sleep (HR 1.11; 95% CI 1.04, 1.19) had the highest risk of AMI in UKBB, although there was no evidence of interaction (RERI 0.03; 95% CI -0.06, 0.12; and RERI 0.05; 95% CI -0.05, 0.14, respectively). Chronotype was not available in HUNT2. CONCLUSIONS This study reveals no interaction effects between sleep traits on the risk of AMI, but all combinations of sleep traits increased the risk of AMI except those with long sleep. This indicates that the main effects of sleep traits on AMI are likely to be independent of each other.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikhil Arora
- K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.
| | - Laxmi Bhatta
- K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- Division of Mental Health Care, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Eivind Schjelderup Skarpsno
- Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- Department of Neurology and Clinical Neurophysiology, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Håvard Dalen
- Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- Department of Medicine, Levanger Hospital, Nord-Trøndelag Hospital Trust, Levanger, Norway
- Clinic of Cardiology, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Bjørn Olav Åsvold
- K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- HUNT Research Centre, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger, Norway
- Department of Endocrinology, Clinic of Medicine, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Ben Michael Brumpton
- K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- HUNT Research Centre, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger, Norway
- Department of Medicine, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Rebecca Claire Richmond
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Linn Beate Strand
- Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
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Tajiri E, Yoshimura E, Tobina T, Yamashita T, Kume K, Hatamoto Y, Shimoda S. Effects of sleep restriction on food intake and appetite under free-living conditions: A randomized crossover trial. Appetite 2023; 189:106998. [PMID: 37562755 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2023.106998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023]
Abstract
To investigate changes in subjective psychological factors and dietary intake during sleep restriction, we carried out a randomized crossover trial with a 3-day sleep restriction condition (SR; 5 h of sleep) and control sleep condition (CS; 8 h of sleep). Days 3 and 4 involved free-living and laboratory (in the morning) conditions, respectively. Subjective psychological factors (hunger, appetite, desire for sweets and fatty foods, sleepiness, and fatigue) were assessed using a 0.0-10.0 cm visual analog scale (VAS) every hour throughout the day on day 3, and at 8:00 a.m. on day 4. Dietary intake on day 3 was assessed on the basis of the food purchased and eaten. Fasting blood samples were collected at 8:00 a.m. on day 4. Dietary intake during the ad libitum breakfast was assessed on day 4. The participants were 13 women and 11 men (mean age, 21.4 ± 1.0 years; mean body mass index, 19.8 ± 1.7 kg/m2). The areas under the curve 0-16 h after waking for hunger, desire for fatty foods, sleepiness, and fatigue were higher in the SR than CS on day 3 (P < 0.05). Energy and carbohydrate intakes from snacks (daytime and nighttime) on day 3 were higher in the SR than CS (P < 0.05) but total dietary intake on day 3 was not different between the conditions (P > 0.05). The 2-arachidonoylglycerol level was different between the conditions (P < 0.05), but was not associated with sweet taste preference, dietary intake, or the active ghrelin level on day 4 (P > 0.05). In conclusion, ratings for subjective psychological factors and energy and carbohydrate intakes from snacks increased in association with sleep restriction under free-living conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eri Tajiri
- Faculty of Environmental and Symbiotic Sciences, Prefectural University of Kumamoto, Kumamoto, 862-8502, Japan.
| | - Eiichi Yoshimura
- Department of Nutrition and Metabolism, National Institute of Health and Nutrition, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Osaka, 566-0002, Japan.
| | - Takuro Tobina
- Faculty of Nursing and Nutrition, University of Nagasaki, Nagasaki, 851-2195, Japan.
| | - Tomoki Yamashita
- Faculty of Nursing and Nutrition, University of Nagasaki, Nagasaki, 851-2195, Japan.
| | - Kokoro Kume
- Faculty of Nursing and Nutrition, University of Nagasaki, Nagasaki, 851-2195, Japan.
| | - Yoichi Hatamoto
- Department of Nutrition and Metabolism, National Institute of Health and Nutrition, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Osaka, 566-0002, Japan.
| | - Seiya Shimoda
- Faculty of Environmental and Symbiotic Sciences, Prefectural University of Kumamoto, Kumamoto, 862-8502, Japan.
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10
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Chen H, Wang C, Bai J, Song J, Bu L, Liang M, Suo H. Targeting microbiota to alleviate the harm caused by sleep deprivation. Microbiol Res 2023; 275:127467. [PMID: 37549451 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2023.127467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 07/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/09/2023]
Abstract
Sleep deprivation has become a common health hazard, affecting 37-58% of the population and promoting the occurrence and development of many diseases. To date, effective treatment strategies are still elusive. Accumulating evidence indicates that modulating the intestinal microbiota harbors significant potential for alleviating the deleterious impacts of sleep deprivation. This paper first reviews the effects of sleep deprivation on gastrointestinal diseases, metabolic diseases, and neuropsychiatric diseases, discussing its specific mechanisms of influence. We then focus on summarizing existing interventions, including probiotics, melatonin, prebiotics, diet, and fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT). Finally, we have discussed the advantages and limitations of each strategy. Compared with other strategies, probiotics showed a high potential in alleviating sleep deprivation-related hazards due to their reduced risk and high security. We suggest that future research should focus on the specific mechanisms by which probiotics mitigate the harms of sleep deprivation, such insights may unveil novel pathways for treating diseases exacerbated by insufficient sleep.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyu Chen
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Chen Wang
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; Food Industry Innovation Research Institute of Modern Sichuan Cuisine & Chongqing Flavor, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Junying Bai
- Citrus Research Institute, National Citrus Engineering Research Center, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Jiajia Song
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; Food Industry Innovation Research Institute of Modern Sichuan Cuisine & Chongqing Flavor, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Linli Bu
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Ming Liang
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Huayi Suo
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; Food Industry Innovation Research Institute of Modern Sichuan Cuisine & Chongqing Flavor, Chongqing 400715, China.
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11
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Chuang HH, Lin RH, Hsu JF, Chuang LP, Li HY, Fang TJ, Huang YS, Yang AC, Lee GS, Kuo TBJ, Yang CCH, Lee LA. Dietary profile of pediatric obstructive sleep apnea patients, effects of routine educational counseling, and predictors for outcomes. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1160647. [PMID: 37377550 PMCID: PMC10291126 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1160647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Dietary behavior is a main contributing yet modifiable factor to the body weight status of children and may be involved in the pathophysiology of childhood obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). This study aimed to investigate the dietary profile of pediatric OSA patients, effects of educational counseling after adenotonsillectomy, and predictor for disease resolution. Methods This observational study included 50 pediatric OSA patients undergoing adenotonsillectomy with routine educational counseling (Group 1), 50 pediatric OSA patients undergoing adenotonsillectomy without formal educational counseling (Group 2), and 303 healthy children without OSA (Control). The three groups were matched by age. The consumption frequency of 25 food items/groups was assessed by the Short Food Frequency Questionnaire. Quality of life was evaluated by the OSA-18 questionnaire. Sleep architecture and OSA severity were measured by standard polysomnography. Between- and within-group comparisons were analyzed by non-parametric approaches and generalized estimating equations. Prediction of disease recovery was performed by multivariable logistic regression models. Results Group 1 children consumed fruit drinks with sugar, vegetables, sweets, chocolate, rice, and noodles more frequently than Control Group children. At baseline, the distributions of sex, weight status, OSA-18 scores, and polysomnographic variables were comparable between Group 1 and Group 2. After a 12-month follow-up, Group 1 had better improvements in physical suffering, caregiver concerns, sleep architecture, and mean peripheral oxygen saturation compared to Group 2. Furthermore, Group 1 no longer had excessive consumption of fruit drinks with sugar, chocolate, and noodles; however, food consumption frequencies did not change significantly. Notably, younger age and reduced intake of butter/margarine on bread and noodles were independent predictors of cured OSA in Group 1. Conclusion The present study preliminarily characterized an unhealthy dietary profile among pediatric OSA patients and suggested that routine educational counseling in addition to adenotonsillectomy yielded some clinical benefits. Certain items/groups of food frequencies may be associated with disease recovery and further investigations are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Hua Chuang
- Department of Family Medicine, Taipei and Linkou Main Branches, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Metabolism and Obesity Institute, Taipei and Linkou Main Branches, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Department of Industrial Engineering and Manage-ment, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei, Taiwan
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Rong-Ho Lin
- Department of Industrial Engineering and Manage-ment, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jen-Fu Hsu
- Metabolism and Obesity Institute, Taipei and Linkou Main Branches, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Department of Pediatrics, Linkou Main Branch, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Li-Pang Chuang
- Metabolism and Obesity Institute, Taipei and Linkou Main Branches, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Linkou Main Branch, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Sleep Center, Linkou Main Branch, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Hsueh-Yu Li
- Metabolism and Obesity Institute, Taipei and Linkou Main Branches, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Sleep Center, Linkou Main Branch, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology – Head and Neck Surgery, Linkou Main Branch, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Tuan-Jen Fang
- Metabolism and Obesity Institute, Taipei and Linkou Main Branches, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Sleep Center, Linkou Main Branch, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology – Head and Neck Surgery, Linkou Main Branch, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Shu Huang
- Metabolism and Obesity Institute, Taipei and Linkou Main Branches, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Sleep Center, Linkou Main Branch, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Department of Child Psychiatry, Linkou Main Branch, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Albert C. Yang
- Department of Psychiatry, Taipei Veter-ans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute of Brain Science, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Guo-She Lee
- Faculty of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Otolaryngology, Ren-Ai Branch, Taipei City Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Terry B. J. Kuo
- Institute of Brain Science, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Tsaotun Psychiatric Center, Ministry of Health and Wel-fare, Nantou, Taiwan
- Sleep Research Center, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Cheryl C. H. Yang
- Institute of Brain Science, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Sleep Research Center, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Li-Ang Lee
- Metabolism and Obesity Institute, Taipei and Linkou Main Branches, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Sleep Center, Linkou Main Branch, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology – Head and Neck Surgery, Linkou Main Branch, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Institute of Brain Science, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
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12
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Meyhöfer S, Chamorro R, Hallschmid M, Spyra D, Klinsmann N, Schultes B, Lehnert H, Meyhöfer SM, Wilms B. Late, but Not Early, Night Sleep Loss Compromises Neuroendocrine Appetite Regulation and the Desire for Food. Nutrients 2023; 15:2035. [PMID: 37432152 DOI: 10.3390/nu15092035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE There is evidence that reduced sleep duration increases hunger, appetite, and food intake, leading to metabolic diseases, such as type 2 diabetes and obesity. However, the impact of sleep timing, irrespective of its duration and on the regulation of hunger and appetite, is less clear. We aimed to evaluate the impact of sleep loss during the late vs. early part of the night on the regulation of hunger, appetite, and desire for food. METHODS Fifteen normal-weight ([mean ± SEM] body-mass index: 23.3 ± 0.4 kg/m2) healthy men were studied in a randomized, balanced, crossover design, including two conditions of sleep loss, i.e., 4 h sleep during the first night-half ('late-night sleep loss'), 4 h sleep during the second night-half ('early-night sleep loss'), and a control condition with 8h sleep ('regular sleep'), respectively. Feelings of hunger and appetite were assessed through visual analogue scales, and plasma ghrelin and leptin were measured from blood samples taken before, during, and after night-time sleep. RESULTS Ghrelin and feelings of hunger and appetite, as well as the desire for food, were increased after 'late-night sleep loss', but not 'early-night sleep loss', whereas leptin remained unaffected by the timing of sleep loss. CONCLUSIONS Our data indicate that timing of sleep restriction modulates the effects of acute sleep loss on ghrelin and appetite regulation in healthy men. 'Late-night sleep loss' might be a risk factor for metabolic diseases, such as obesity and type 2 diabetes. Thereby, our findings highlight the metabolic relevance of chronobiological sleep timing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svenja Meyhöfer
- Institute for Endocrinology and Diabetes, University of Lübeck, 23562 Lübeck, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine 1, Endocrinology & Diabetes, University of Lübeck, 23538 Lübeck, Germany
- Center of Brain, Behavior & Metabolism, University of Lübeck, 23562 Lübeck, Germany
| | - Rodrigo Chamorro
- Institute for Endocrinology and Diabetes, University of Lübeck, 23562 Lübeck, Germany
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago 8380453, Chile
| | - Manfred Hallschmid
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- Department of Medical Psychology and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
- Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases of the Helmholtz Centre Munich, University of Tübingen (IDM), 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Denisa Spyra
- Institute for Endocrinology and Diabetes, University of Lübeck, 23562 Lübeck, Germany
| | - Nelli Klinsmann
- Institute for Endocrinology and Diabetes, University of Lübeck, 23562 Lübeck, Germany
| | - Bernd Schultes
- Institute for Endocrinology and Diabetes, University of Lübeck, 23562 Lübeck, Germany
| | - Hendrik Lehnert
- Center of Brain, Behavior & Metabolism, University of Lübeck, 23562 Lübeck, Germany
- University of Salzburg, A-5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - Sebastian M Meyhöfer
- Institute for Endocrinology and Diabetes, University of Lübeck, 23562 Lübeck, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- Center of Brain, Behavior & Metabolism, University of Lübeck, 23562 Lübeck, Germany
| | - Britta Wilms
- Institute for Endocrinology and Diabetes, University of Lübeck, 23562 Lübeck, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- Center of Brain, Behavior & Metabolism, University of Lübeck, 23562 Lübeck, Germany
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13
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Felső R, Lányi É, Erhardt É, Laufer Z, Kardos D, Herczeg R, Gyenesei A, Hollódy K, Molnár D. Total sleep deprivation decreases saliva ghrelin levels in adolescents. J Sleep Res 2023; 32:e13746. [PMID: 36217837 DOI: 10.1111/jsr.13746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Revised: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Ghrelin, a regulator of food intake and energy expenditure, has been shown to be associated with insufficient sleep. The goal of the present study was to investigate the effect of a single night of total sleep deprivation on fasting saliva ghrelin and on nocturnal variation of saliva ghrelin concentration. A further aim of the study was to investigate the influence of body mass index on changes in saliva ghrelin levels. Altogether 35 adolescents (18 boys; age: 13.8 ± 1.14 years) were studied on two subsequent days (sleep and total sleep deprivation). Saliva samples were collected during the two experimental nights at 21:00 hours, 01:00 hours and 06:00 hours. Total-ghrelin concentration showed a continuous increase from the evening until 06:00 hours. This increase was blunted significantly (p = 0.003) by total sleep deprivation. Total-ghrelin level was significantly lower (p = 0.02) during total sleep deprivation at 06:00 hours (median 403.6 pg ml-1 ; 95% confidence interval: 343.1-468.9 pg ml-1 ) as compared with values during the sleep condition (median 471.2 pg ml-1 ; 95% confidence interval: 205.4-1578.7 pg ml-1 ). Acyl-ghrelin levels did not present any change at the three time points, and were not affected by total sleep deprivation. Stratifying the study population according to body mass index (normal weight and overweight/obese groups), the blunting effect of total sleep deprivation was more pronounced in the obese/overweight group (sleep: median 428.2 pg ml-1 ; 95% confidence interval: 331.3-606.9 pg ml-1 versus total sleep deprivation: median 333.1 pg ml-1 ; 95% confidence interval: 261.5-412.9 pg ml-1 ; p = 0.0479). Saliva total-ghrelin concentrations gradually increased during the night, and total sleep deprivation significantly blunted this increase. This blunting effect was mainly observed in subjects with overweight/obesity. The physiological and clinical implications of the present observation are to be clarified by further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Regina Felső
- Department of Paediatrics, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary.,National Laboratory on Human Reproduction, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Éva Lányi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Éva Erhardt
- Department of Paediatrics, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Zsófia Laufer
- Department of Paediatrics, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Dániel Kardos
- Department of Paediatrics, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Róbert Herczeg
- National Laboratory on Human Reproduction, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary.,National Laboratory for Human Reproduction, Genomics and Bioinformatics Core Facility Szentágothai Research Centre, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Attila Gyenesei
- National Laboratory on Human Reproduction, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary.,National Laboratory for Human Reproduction, Genomics and Bioinformatics Core Facility Szentágothai Research Centre, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Katalin Hollódy
- Department of Paediatrics, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Dénes Molnár
- Department of Paediatrics, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary.,National Laboratory on Human Reproduction, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
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14
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Chamorro R, Garrido M, Algarín C, Lozoff B, Peirano P. A single night of moderate at-home sleep restriction increases hunger and food intake in overweight young adults. Nutrition 2023; 108:111962. [PMID: 36669367 PMCID: PMC9991999 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2022.111962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Revised: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Experimental studies under laboratory conditions have shown a close link between acute sleep restriction and metabolic disorders. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of a single night of moderate sleep restriction implemented under ambulatory settings on sleep organization, food intake, blood pressure, and heart rate in overweight young adults. METHODS In a non-randomized experimental study, we evaluated 15 young, overweight adults (mean age [± SEM] 20.8 ± 0.6 y) with a mean body mass index (BMI) 27.5 ± 6.2 kg/m2 (BMI range 18.9-36.6 kg/m2). Each participant was recorded at home during two successive nights under: 1) Regular sleep routine (from 2330 to 0730 h, 'night1') and 2) Restricted sleep (6 h in bed, from 0300 to 0900 h, "night2"). Sleep was assessed by a non-invasive mobile system (Watch-PAT200) placed on the non-dominant wrist, measuring peripheral arterial tonometry. We measured sleep duration, rapid eye movement sleep (REM), light sleep (LS), deep sleep (DS), and waking. Starting 2 d before night1, four consecutive food records assessed daily food intake. Preceding and succeeding each night, hunger/satiety feelings (measured by self-reported visual analog scales), blood pressure, and heart rate were also evaluated. RESULTS Total sleep time was reduced in night2 (P = 0.007), with higher DS percentage (P = 0.03). Sleep onset and REM sleep latencies, LS time, and the number of wake episodes did not differ between nights. Energy intake was increased the day after night2 (P = 0.007), with increased fat and protein intakes (both P < 0.01) and feelings of hunger (P = 0.002). Systolic blood pressure was higher and heart rate faster in the morning after night2 (both P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS An acute moderate at-home sleep restriction exacerbated food intake and feelings of hunger, and impaired blood pressure and heart rate regulation in young, overweight adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Chamorro
- Sleep and Functional Neurobiology Laboratory, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology (INTA), University of Chile, Santiago, Chile; Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile.
| | - Marcelo Garrido
- Sleep and Functional Neurobiology Laboratory, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology (INTA), University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Cecilia Algarín
- Sleep and Functional Neurobiology Laboratory, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology (INTA), University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Betsy Lozoff
- Departments of Pediatrics and Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Patricio Peirano
- Sleep and Functional Neurobiology Laboratory, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology (INTA), University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
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15
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Hayashi T, Wada N, Kubota T, Koizumi C, Sakurai Y, Aihara M, Usami S, Yamauchi T, Kubota N. Associations of sleep quality with the skeletal muscle strength in patients with type 2 diabetes with poor glycemic control. J Diabetes Investig 2023; 14:801-810. [PMID: 36934440 DOI: 10.1111/jdi.14007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/20/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS/INTRODUCTION Patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus are reported to be at a high risk for sarcopenia, and are known to have a poorer sleep quality. However, the association between sleep quality and skeletal muscle in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus is not yet precisely understood. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 110 inpatients with type 2 diabetes mellitus aged 40-90 years were enrolled. The sleep quality was assessed using the Pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI). Skeletal muscle mass was measured using bioelectrical impedance analysis. Muscle strength was evaluated by measuring the grip strength. We also performed dietary surveys and measurements of the plasma amino acid levels. RESULTS A high total score on the PSQI was significantly associated with reduced muscle strength, and the association persisted even after adjustments for confounders. On the other hand, adjusted analysis did not reveal any significant associations between the PSQI total score and the skeletal muscle mass. In regard to the associations with subscores of the PSQI, the scores for sleep latency, sleep efficiency, and daytime dysfunction were significantly negatively associated with the muscle strength. Although poor sleep quality was associated with a high confectionery intake and low plasma arginine, citrulline, and ornithine levels, neither confectionery intake levels nor the plasma levels of these amino acids was associated with the muscle strength. CONCLUSIONS Our study revealed a significant association between the sleep quality and muscle strength in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. These results suggest that poor sleep quality is an important risk factor for sarcopenia in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takanori Hayashi
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, National Institute of Health and Nutrition, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition (NIBIOHN), Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nobuhiro Wada
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, National Institute of Health and Nutrition, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition (NIBIOHN), Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Kubota
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, National Institute of Health and Nutrition, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition (NIBIOHN), Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,Laboratory for Intestinal Ecosystem, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Kanagawa, Japan.,Division of Diabetes and Metabolism, The Institute of Medical Science, Asahi Life Foundation, Tokyo, Japan.,Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Ohashi Hospital, Toho University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Chie Koizumi
- Department of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Sakurai
- Department of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masakazu Aihara
- Department of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Satoshi Usami
- Graduate School of Education, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshimasa Yamauchi
- Department of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naoto Kubota
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, National Institute of Health and Nutrition, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition (NIBIOHN), Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,Laboratory for Intestinal Ecosystem, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Kanagawa, Japan.,Department of Clinical Nutrition Therapy, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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16
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Chaput JP, McHill AW, Cox RC, Broussard JL, Dutil C, da Costa BGG, Sampasa-Kanyinga H, Wright KP. The role of insufficient sleep and circadian misalignment in obesity. Nat Rev Endocrinol 2023; 19:82-97. [PMID: 36280789 PMCID: PMC9590398 DOI: 10.1038/s41574-022-00747-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 121.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Traditional risk factors for obesity and the metabolic syndrome, such as excess energy intake and lack of physical activity, cannot fully explain the high prevalence of these conditions. Insufficient sleep and circadian misalignment predispose individuals to poor metabolic health and promote weight gain and have received increased research attention in the past 10 years. Insufficient sleep is defined as sleeping less than recommended for health benefits, whereas circadian misalignment is defined as wakefulness and food intake occurring when the internal circadian system is promoting sleep. This Review discusses the impact of insufficient sleep and circadian misalignment in humans on appetite hormones (focusing on ghrelin, leptin and peptide-YY), energy expenditure, food intake and choice, and risk of obesity. Some potential strategies to reduce the adverse effects of sleep disruption on metabolic health are provided and future research priorities are highlighted. Millions of individuals worldwide do not obtain sufficient sleep for healthy metabolic functions. Furthermore, modern working patterns, lifestyles and technologies are often not conducive to adequate sleep at times when the internal physiological clock is promoting it (for example, late-night screen time, shift work and nocturnal social activities). Efforts are needed to highlight the importance of optimal sleep and circadian health in the maintenance of metabolic health and body weight regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Philippe Chaput
- Healthy Active Living and Obesity Research Group, CHEO Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada.
- Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada.
| | - Andrew W McHill
- Sleep, Chronobiology, and Health Laboratory, School of Nursing, Oregon Institute of Occupational Health Sciences, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Rebecca C Cox
- Sleep and Chronobiology Laboratory, Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Josiane L Broussard
- Sleep and Metabolism Laboratory, Department of Health and Exercise Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Caroline Dutil
- Healthy Active Living and Obesity Research Group, CHEO Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- School of Human Kinetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Bruno G G da Costa
- Research Center in Physical Activity and Health, Department of Physical Education, School of Sports, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis, Brazil
| | - Hugues Sampasa-Kanyinga
- Healthy Active Living and Obesity Research Group, CHEO Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- School of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Kenneth P Wright
- Sleep and Chronobiology Laboratory, Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
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17
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Duan D, Kim LJ, Jun JC, Polotsky VY. Connecting insufficient sleep and insomnia with metabolic dysfunction. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2023; 1519:94-117. [PMID: 36373239 PMCID: PMC9839511 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.14926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The global epidemic of obesity and type 2 diabetes parallels the rampant state of sleep deprivation in our society. Epidemiological studies consistently show an association between insufficient sleep and metabolic dysfunction. Mechanistically, sleep and circadian rhythm exert considerable influences on hormones involved in appetite regulation and energy metabolism. As such, data from experimental sleep deprivation in humans demonstrate that insufficient sleep induces a positive energy balance with resultant weight gain, due to increased energy intake that far exceeds the additional energy expenditure of nocturnal wakefulness, and adversely impacts glucose metabolism. Conversely, animal models have found that sleep loss-induced energy expenditure exceeds caloric intake resulting in net weight loss. However, animal models have significant limitations, which may diminish the clinical relevance of their metabolic findings. Clinically, insomnia disorder and insomnia symptoms are associated with adverse glucose outcomes, though it remains challenging to isolate the effects of insomnia on metabolic outcomes independent of comorbidities and insufficient sleep durations. Furthermore, both pharmacological and behavioral interventions for insomnia may have direct metabolic effects. The goal of this review is to establish an updated framework for the causal links between insufficient sleep and insomnia and risks for type 2 diabetes and obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisy Duan
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism; Department of Medicine; Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Lenise J. Kim
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care; Department of Medicine; Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Jonathan C. Jun
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care; Department of Medicine; Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Vsevolod Y. Polotsky
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care; Department of Medicine; Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
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18
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Juelich J, Owens R, Denny D, Raatz S, Lindseth G. Effects of Sleep on Adolescents' Appetite, Dietary Intake, and Weight. SAGE Open Nurs 2023; 9:23779608231206753. [PMID: 37881811 PMCID: PMC10594957 DOI: 10.1177/23779608231206753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Revised: 08/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Several factors have been associated with excess weight gain in adolescents, including loss of sleep. Objective The purpose of this study is to examine the effects of sleep factors on appetite, dietary intake, and the body weights of adolescent youth. Methods A prospective correlational study design was used. Male and female adolescents (N = 76) ages 12-18 years completed a 5-night study. Sleep was assessed using Fitbits (88.5% accuracy) and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) (test-retest reliability = .81); appetite was assessed by a Visual Analog Scale (α = 0.84); dietary intake was assessed by the Block Kids Food Screener (reliability up to .88); sleep hygiene was assessed using the Adolescent Sleep Hygiene Practice Scale (α = .67). Results Poor sleep quality was reported by 39.5% of participants, and 75% of participants had inadequate sleep time (7.33 h). Participants' age significantly correlated with PSQI scores (r = .28, p < .05) and BMI (r = .37, p < .01). Participants' PSQI scores significantly correlated with sleep hygiene (r = .45, p = .05) and appetite (r = .3 3, p < .01). Sleep latency significantly correlated with sleep hygiene (r = .32, p < .05). Several sleep hygiene factors correlated significantly with the participants' sleep quality, quantity and latency scores and dietary intakes. Conclusion These findings suggest that changes in sleep hygiene practices may improve adolescent sleep quality and quantity as well as appetite and dietary intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janell Juelich
- Division of Nursing, Mayville State University, Mayville, ND, USA
| | - Rhoda Owens
- College of Nursing and Professional Disciplines, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND, USA
| | - Dawn Denny
- College of Nursing and Professional Disciplines, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND, USA
| | - Susan Raatz
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Glenda Lindseth
- College of Nursing and Professional Disciplines, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND, USA
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19
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Liu S, Wang X, Zheng Q, Gao L, Sun Q. Sleep Deprivation and Central Appetite Regulation. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14245196. [PMID: 36558355 PMCID: PMC9783730 DOI: 10.3390/nu14245196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Research shows that reduced sleep duration is related to an increased risk of obesity. The relationship between sleep deprivation and obesity, type 2 diabetes, and other chronic diseases may be related to the imbalance of appetite regulation. To comprehensively illustrate the specific relationship between sleep deprivation and appetite regulation, this review introduces the pathophysiology of sleep deprivation, the research cutting edge of animal models, and the central regulatory mechanism of appetite under sleep deprivation. This paper summarizes the changes in appetite-related hormones orexin, ghrelin, leptin, and insulin secretion caused by long-term sleep deprivation based on the epidemiology data and animal studies that have established sleep deprivation models. Moreover, this review analyzes the potential mechanism of associations between appetite regulation and sleep deprivation, providing more clues on further studies and new strategies to access obesity and metabolic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuailing Liu
- Department of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China
| | - Xiya Wang
- Department of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China
| | - Qian Zheng
- Department of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China
| | - Lanyue Gao
- Experimental Center for School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China
| | - Qi Sun
- Department of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel./Fax: +86-15840312720
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20
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Lin T, Guo YL, Gordon CJ, Chen Y, Wu H, Cayanan E, Ouyang C, Shiao JS. Snacking among shiftwork nurses related to non-optimal dietary intake. J Adv Nurs 2022; 78:3629-3640. [PMID: 35429043 PMCID: PMC9790560 DOI: 10.1111/jan.15253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2021] [Revised: 02/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To compare nurses' non-optimal eating behaviours across different shifts, to examine whether non-day shifts were related to deviation from optimal dietary behaviours compared with day shifts and whether such deviation was related to non-optimal macronutrient intake. DESIGN This is a 4-day intensive longitudinal study. METHODS A convenience sample of hospital nurses was recruited in Taiwan. From September 2018 through January 2019, 120 participants completed 4-days of 24-h dietary recalls. One-way ANOVA and Kruskal-Wallis H test were used to compare differences in energy and macronutrient intake and frequency of meals and snacking, respectively. Generalized linear regressions examined (1) the associations between shiftwork schedules and non-optimal eating behaviours and (2) associations between non-optimal eating and high energy contribution of non-optimal macronutrients. RESULTS Nurses consumed less energy on evening and night shifts compared with day shifts. However, energy intake from snacking was higher on evening and night shifts relative to day shifts. Nurses consumed less meals but had higher snacking frequency on non-day shifts. In addition, high energy intake from snacking was positively associated with high energy intake from saturated fat. CONCLUSIONS Nurses were more likely to have non-optimal eating behaviours on non-day shifts, which may contribute to an increased intake of saturated fat; thus, increasing their risk of chronic diseases. Strategies to improve non-day shift nurses' non-optimal eating behaviours may be beneficial to their health. IMPACT Shiftwork is known to affect nurses' eating behaviours; however, which shift is associated with unhealthy eating remains inconclusive. Despite lower energy intakes, nurses had higher intake by snacking on evening and night shifts. High snacking intake was associated with a high intake of saturated fat. Hospitals can increase the availability of healthy foods on evening or night shifts, which may improve non-day shift nurses' non-optimal eating behaviours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting‐Ti Lin
- School of NursingNational Defense Medical CenterTaipeiTaiwan
| | - Yue Leon Guo
- Environmental and Occupational MedicineNational Taiwan University (NTU) College of Medicine and NTU HospitalTaipeiTaiwan
| | - Christopher James Gordon
- Susan Wakil School of Nursing and MidwiferyThe Faculty of Medicine and HealthUniversity of SydneyCamperdownNew South WalesAustralia,CIRUS Centre for Sleep and ChronobiologyWoolcock Institute of Medical ResearchGlebeAustralia
| | - Yi‐Chuan Chen
- School of NursingCollege of MedicineNational Taiwan UniversityTaipeiTaiwan
| | - Hsueh‐Ching Wu
- Department of NursingHsin Sheng Junior College of Medical Care and ManagementTaoyuanTaiwan
| | - Elizabeth Cayanan
- CIRUS Centre for Sleep and ChronobiologyWoolcock Institute of Medical ResearchGlebeAustralia,School of Medical SciencesThe Faculty of Medicine and HealthUniversity of SydneyCamperdownNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Chung‐Mei Ouyang
- Department of NutritionNational Taiwan University Hospital Hsin‐Chu BranchHsinChu CityTaiwan
| | - Judith Shu‐Chu Shiao
- Susan Wakil School of Nursing and MidwiferyThe Faculty of Medicine and HealthUniversity of SydneyCamperdownNew South WalesAustralia,School of NursingCollege of MedicineNational Taiwan UniversityTaipeiTaiwan
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21
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Alves JM, Chow T, Nguyen-Rodriguez S, Angelo B, Defendis A, Luo S, Smith A, Yunker AG, Xiang AH, Page KA. Associations Between Sleep and Metabolic Outcomes in Preadolescent Children. J Endocr Soc 2022; 6:bvac137. [PMID: 36249413 PMCID: PMC9557847 DOI: 10.1210/jendso/bvac137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Context Growing evidence suggests an important role for sleep for the metabolic health of children. Objective We aimed to determine how sleep is related to insulin sensitivity, insulin secretion, beta-cell function, and adiposity (BMI z-scores, body fat %, waist to height ratio) using objectively measured sleep and oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT)-derived measures. Methods Sixty-two children aged 7-11 years, born at Kaiser Permanente Southern California, wore wrist accelerometers for 7 days to objectively measure sleep, completed an OGTT, and had anthropometric measures (height [cm], weight [kg], waist [cm], body fat [%]) collected. Using linear regression, associations between Matsuda insulin sensitivity index (ISI), insulinogenic index (IGI), disposition index (DI), BMI z-score, waist to height ratio, and body fat % with sleep parameters [total sleep time (TST; min), sleep efficiency (SE; %), time in bed (TIB; min), wake after sleep onset (WASO; min), and sleep latency (SL; min)] were assessed. Body fat % was tested as a mediator of the relationship between TST and ISI. Results Longer TST was associated with better insulin sensitivity (P = 0.02), but not after adjusting for body fat %. Sleep parameters were not associated with IGI or DI. Longer TST was associated with lower % body fat (P = 0.01) and lower waist-to-height-ratios (P = 0.05). Body fat % explained 62% (P = 0.01) of the relationship between TST and ISI. Longer TIB was associated with lower adiposity measures (P < 0.05). There were no associations between SE, WASO, or SL and metabolic outcomes. Conclusion Objectively measured sleep duration was associated with lower adiposity, and the relationship between sleep duration and ISI appeared partly through adiposity levels in preadolescent children. Longer sleep duration may be important for metabolic health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmin Marie Alves
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, 90033 CA, USA
- Diabetes and Obesity Research Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, 90033 CA, USA
| | - Ting Chow
- Department of Research and Evaluation, Kaiser Permanente Southern California, Pasadena, 91101 CA, USA
| | - Selena Nguyen-Rodriguez
- Department of Health Science, California State University Long Beach, Long Beach, 90840-4902 CA, USA
| | - Brendan Angelo
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, 90033 CA, USA
- Diabetes and Obesity Research Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, 90033 CA, USA
| | - Alexis Defendis
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, 90033 CA, USA
- Diabetes and Obesity Research Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, 90033 CA, USA
| | - Shan Luo
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, 90033 CA, USA
- Diabetes and Obesity Research Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, 90033 CA, USA
- Department of Psychology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, 90089 CA, USA
- Center for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, 90027 CA, USA
| | - Alexandro Smith
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, 90033 CA, USA
- Diabetes and Obesity Research Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, 90033 CA, USA
| | - Alexandra Grace Yunker
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, 02115 MA, USA
| | - Anny H Xiang
- Department of Research and Evaluation, Kaiser Permanente Southern California, Pasadena, 91101 CA, USA
| | - Kathleen Alanna Page
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, 90033 CA, USA
- Diabetes and Obesity Research Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, 90033 CA, USA
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22
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De Young KP, Bottera AR. A biobehavioral circadian model of restrictive eating and binge eating. Int J Eat Disord 2022; 55:1291-1295. [PMID: 35704385 DOI: 10.1002/eat.23758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Caloric consumption occurs in rhythms, typically during daytime, waking hours, marked by peaks at mealtimes. These rhythms are disrupted in individuals with eating disorders; mealtime peaks are blunted and delayed relative to sleep/waketimes. Individuals with eating disorders also tend to experience an overall phase delay in appetite; they lack hunger earlier in the day and experience atypically high hunger later in the day, the latter of which may culminate in binge-eating episodes. This disruptive appetitive behavior-early in the day restrictive eating and later in the day binge eating-may be partially accounted for by circadian disruptions, which play a role in coordinating appetitive rhythms. Moreover, restrictive eating and binge eating themselves may further disrupt circadian synchronization, as meal timing serves as one of many external signals to the central circadian pacemaker. Here, we introduce the biobehavioral circadian model of restrictive eating and binge eating, which posits a central role for circadian disruption in the development and maintenance of restrictive eating and binge eating, highlighting modifiable pathways unacknowledged in existing explanatory models. Evidence supporting this model would implicate the need for biobehavioral circadian regulation interventions to augment existing eating disorder treatments for individuals experiencing circadian rhythm disruption. PUBLIC SIGNIFICANCE: Existing treatments for eating disorders that involve binge eating and restrictive eating mandate a regular pattern of eating; this is largely responsible for early behavioral change. This intervention may work partly by regulating circadian rhythm and diurnal appetitive disruptions. Supplementing existing treatments with additional elements specifically designed to regulate circadian rhythm and diurnal appetitive rhythms may increase the effectiveness of treatments, which presently do not benefit all who receive them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle P De Young
- Department of Psychology, University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming, USA
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23
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Petersen MC, Gallop MR, Flores Ramos S, Zarrinpar A, Broussard JL, Chondronikola M, Chaix A, Klein S. Complex physiology and clinical implications of time-restricted eating. Physiol Rev 2022; 102:1991-2034. [PMID: 35834774 PMCID: PMC9423781 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00006.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Revised: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Time-restricted eating (TRE) is a dietary intervention that limits food consumption to a specific time window each day. The effect of TRE on body weight and physiological functions has been extensively studied in rodent models, which have shown considerable therapeutic effects of TRE and important interactions among time of eating, circadian biology, and metabolic homeostasis. In contrast, it is difficult to make firm conclusions regarding the effect of TRE in people because of the heterogeneity in results, TRE regimens, and study populations. In this review, we 1) provide a background of the history of meal consumption in people and the normal physiology of eating and fasting; 2) discuss the interaction between circadian molecular metabolism and TRE; 3) integrate the results of preclinical and clinical studies that evaluated the effects of TRE on body weight and physiological functions; 4) summarize other time-related dietary interventions that have been studied in people; and 4) identify current gaps in knowledge and provide a framework for future research directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Max C Petersen
- Center for Human Nutrition, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Lipid Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Molly R Gallop
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Stephany Flores Ramos
- Division of Gastroenterology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Amir Zarrinpar
- Division of Gastroenterology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
- Department of Veterans Affairs San Diego Health System, La Jolla, California
| | - Josiane L Broussard
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Diabetes, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
- Department of Health and Exercise Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado
| | - Maria Chondronikola
- Departments of Nutrition and Radiology, University of California, Davis, California
- Departments of Nutrition and Dietetics, Harokopio University of Athens, Kallithea, Greece
| | - Amandine Chaix
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Samuel Klein
- Center for Human Nutrition, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
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24
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Abstract
Sleep habits are directly related to risk of obesity, and this relationship may be partly mediated through food choices and eating behaviour. Short sleep duration, impaired sleep quality and suboptimal sleep timing are all implicated in weight gain and adverse cardiometabolic health, at least partly mediated through their associations with diet quality. Short-term sleep restriction leads to increased energy intake, and habitually short sleepers report dietary intakes that indicate a less healthy diet compared with adequate sleepers. Evidence is emerging that sleep extension interventions in short sleepers may reduce intake of sugars and overall energy intake. Poor sleep quality, night shift work patterns and social jetlag are also associated with lower diet quality and consumption of energy-dense foods. Incorporating sleep advice into weight management interventions may be more effective than energy-restricted diets and exercise advice alone. However, there are a lack of intervention studies that aim to lengthen sleep, improve sleep quality or adjust irregular sleep timing to investigate the impact on dietary intakes and eating behaviour in participants aiming to lose weight or maintain weight loss. Finally, future research should take account of individual characteristics such as age, sex, life stage and changing working practices when designing combined lifestyle interventions including sleep behaviour change for health and well-being.
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25
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Smith KL, Danyluk AB, Munir SS, Covassin N. Shift Work and Obesity Risk-Are There Sex Differences? Curr Diab Rep 2022; 22:341-352. [PMID: 35737274 DOI: 10.1007/s11892-022-01474-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Shift work is prevalent among the working population and is linked to an array of adverse health outcomes. This review summarizes current evidence on the relation between shift work and risk of obesity, with a particular emphasis on potential sex differences. RECENT FINDINGS Observational data strongly point towards an association between shift work and heightened risk of prevalent and incident obesity, and particularly abdominal obesity. Circadian misalignment and unhealthy lifestyle behaviors are the primary culprits mediating such association. As it pertains to sex differences in the impact of shift work on obesity, few studies have examined this aspect, and findings are conflicting. Shift work is an important risk factor for obesity, with likely multiple biological and behavioral mediators. However, whether there is a sex-dependent vulnerability to the obesogenic effects of shift work is unclear. This area presents opportunities for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin L Smith
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | | | - Sanah S Munir
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Naima Covassin
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
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26
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Voss ML, Currie CL. Sleep Quality and the Importance Women Place on Healthy Eating Interact to Influence Psychological Resilience. Am J Health Behav 2022; 46:285-293. [PMID: 35794754 DOI: 10.5993/ajhb.46.3.7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Objectives: The impact women's daily habits may have on psychological resilience is not well understood. This cross-sectional analysis examined: (1) the impact of sleep quality on resilience, and (2) whether this association was modified by the importance women place on healthy eating. Methods: We collected data from 64 women (aged 18-67 years). The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index and Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale-10 assessed sleep quality and resilience, respectively, with lower scores indicating reduced resilience. One item assessed attitudes towards healthy eating. Linear regression models and 95% confidence intervals examined associations adjusted for age and income. Results: Reduced sleep quality was associated with a decreased resilience score (B=0.55, 95% CI: -1.06, -0.04, p=.04) when adjusted for age and income. After stratification, sleep quality and resilience were not associated among women who indicated healthy eating was very important. Among women who indicated healthy eating was less than very important, reduced sleep quality was associated with decreased psychological resilience (B=0.85, 95% CI: -1.55, -0.15, p=.02). Conclusions: Poor sleep quality was associated with reduced resilience among women. Placing a strong emphasis on healthy eating helped buffer the impact of poor sleep quality on women's psychological resilience.
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Affiliation(s)
- M L Voss
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, AB, Canada
| | - C L Currie
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, AB, Canada;,
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27
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Chronic Circadian Disruption and Sleep Restriction Influence Subjective Hunger, Appetite, and Food Preference. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14091800. [PMID: 35565768 PMCID: PMC9105437 DOI: 10.3390/nu14091800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic circadian disruption (CCD), such as occurs during rotating shiftwork, and insufficient sleep are each independently associated with poor health outcomes, including obesity and glucose intolerance. A potential mechanism for poor health is increased energy intake (i.e., eating), particularly during the circadian night, when the physiological response to energy intake is altered. However, the contributions of CCD and insufficient sleep to subjective hunger, appetite, food preference, and appetitive hormones are not clear. To disentangle the influences of these factors, we studied seventeen healthy young adults in a 32-day in-laboratory study designed to distribute sleep, wakefulness, and energy intake equally across all phases of the circadian cycle, thereby imposing CCD. Participants were randomized to the Control (1:2 sleep:wake ratio, n = 8) or chronic sleep restriction (CSR, 1:3.3 sleep:wake ratio, n = 9) conditions. Throughout each waking episode the participants completed visual analog scales pertaining to hunger, appetite, and food preference. A fasting blood sample was collected to assess appetitive hormones. CCD was associated with a significant decrease in hunger and appetite in a multitude of domains in both the Control and CSR groups. This change in hunger was significantly correlated with changes in the ghrelin/leptin ratio. These findings further our understanding of the contributions of CCD and insufficient sleep on subjective hunger and appetite as well as of their possible contributions to adverse health behaviors.
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28
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Sleep Deprivation: Effects on Weight Loss and Weight Loss Maintenance. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14081549. [PMID: 35458110 PMCID: PMC9031614 DOI: 10.3390/nu14081549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Revised: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
This narrative review presents the findings from intervention studies on the effects of sleep deprivation on eating habits, metabolic rate, and the hormones regulating metabolism, and discusses their relevance to weight loss efforts. Disturbed sleeping patterns lead to increased energy intake, partly from excessive snacking, mainly on foods high in fat and carbohydrates. The studies focused mainly on the effects of sleep duration, but also of sleep quality, on dietary intake during weight loss trials, and on weight loss maintenance. It is important to explore sleep routines that could enhance the efforts of obese and overweight people to lose weight, maintain their weight loss, and improve their overall health.
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29
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Ritchie HK, Broussard JL. CrossTalk proposal: Insufficient sleep is responsible for increased risk of metabolic disease in shift workers. J Physiol 2022; 600:1599-1602. [PMID: 35218007 PMCID: PMC8976737 DOI: 10.1113/jp282189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Hannah K Ritchie
- Publications Center of Excellence, OPEN Health Communications, Evergreen, CO, USA
| | - Josiane L Broussard
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA.,Department of Health and Exercise Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
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30
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Ritchie HK, Broussard JL. Rebuttal from Hannah K. Ritchie and Josiane L. Broussard. J Physiol 2022; 600:1607-1608. [PMID: 35211966 PMCID: PMC8976734 DOI: 10.1113/jp282836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Hannah K Ritchie
- Publications Center of Excellence, OPEN Health Communications, Evergreen, CO, USA
| | - Josiane L Broussard
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA.,Department of Health and Exercise Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
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31
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Huang L, Long Z, Xu G, Chen Y, Li R, Wang Y, Li S. Sex-specific association of sleep duration with subclinical indicators of metabolic diseases among asymptomatic adults. Lipids Health Dis 2022; 21:16. [PMID: 35067221 PMCID: PMC8783994 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-022-01626-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Accumulating evidence suggests sleep duration may be involved in metabolic regulation. However, studies regarding the association with the early stage of the metabolic disease are limited, and the findings were inconsistent. Methods A study among 4922 asymptomatic adults was conducted based on a Chinese national survey in 2009. The early stage of metabolic diseases was evaluated using three proxies: triglyceride to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio (TG/HDL-C), the product of triglyceride and fasting glucose (TyG), and lipid accumulation product (LAP). Multivariable linear and logistic regression models were used to explore the associations of sleep duration with the three indicators. Results The linear regression models revealed that, among females, sleep duration <7 h per day, compared with 7-9 h, was associated with an increased value of LAP and TyG by 25.232% (95%CI: 10.738%, 41.623%) and 0.104 (95%CI: 0.024, 0.185), respectively, in the crude model. The effects were attenuated but remained significant for LAP (11.405%; 95%CI: 1.613%, 22.262%). Similarly, the logistic regression models further found that sleep duration <7 h per day could increase the risk of elevated LAP (OR: 1.725, 95CI%:1.042, 2.856) after adjusting for multiple covariates. By contrast, no associations were found among males. Conclusions Short sleep duration was associated with subclinical indicators of metabolic diseases, and females were more susceptible to the association. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12944-022-01626-w.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Huang
- School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 227 South Chongqing Road, 200025, Shanghai, China
| | - Zichong Long
- School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 227 South Chongqing Road, 200025, Shanghai, China
| | - Gang Xu
- School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 227 South Chongqing Road, 200025, Shanghai, China
| | - Yiting Chen
- School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 227 South Chongqing Road, 200025, Shanghai, China
| | - Rong Li
- School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 227 South Chongqing Road, 200025, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanlin Wang
- International Peace Maternity & Child Health Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 910 Hengshan Road, 200030, Shanghai, China.
| | - Shenghui Li
- School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 227 South Chongqing Road, 200025, Shanghai, China. .,MOE-Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 1665 Kongjiang Road, 200092, Shanghai, China.
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Yao F, Ma J, Qin P, Tu X, Li X, Tang X. Age and Sex Differences in the Association of Sleep Duration and Overweight/Obesity among Chinese Participants Age above 45 Years: A Cohort Study. J Nutr Health Aging 2022; 26:714-722. [PMID: 35842762 DOI: 10.1007/s12603-022-1823-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We aimed to evaluate the association between sleep duration and obesity and estimate the attributable risk of sleep in the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study surveys (CHARLS). METHODS A total of 9061 adults aged 45 years above from CHARLS (2011-2015) were included. The main outcome of this study was incident overweight/obesity specific to general and abdominal obesity. Overweight/obesity was defined as BMI ≥ 23.0 (kg/m2) and BMI≥27.5 (kg/m2), respectively. Abdominal obesity was defined as waist circumference ≥90 cm for men and ≥80 cm for women. Self-reported sleep durations were obtained using a structured questionnaire. We assessed hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) as well as the population attributable fraction (PAF) for associations between sleep duration and obesity. RESULTS 986 and 606 participants were identified as overweight and general obesity respectively, 1253 experienced abdominal obesity events. In multivariable-adjusted models, participants with daytime sleep of 0-30 minutes and more than 30 minutes associated with 30% (HR: 0.70, 95% CI: 0.56-0.87) and 35% (HR: 0.65, 95% CI: 0.55-0.78) decreased incident overweight risk respectively compared to those having no daytime sleep, this association also found among females and middle-aged, not males or elderly. Similarly, 0-30 minutes (HR: 0.68, 95% CI: 0.48-0.96) and more than 30 minutes of daytime sleep (HR: 0.73, 95% CI: 0.59-0.91) were associated with a reduced risk of abdominal obesity, similar results also found among females and middle-aged. Compared with 7-9 hours of nocturnal sleep, people who slept 5-7 hours had a reduced risk of overweight (HR: 0.59, 95% CI=0.47-0.74),but not found in subgroups. The hazard role of long nocturnal sleep for abdominal obesity was only found among elderly (HR: 2.33, 95% CI=1.35-4.04) and males (HR: 2.24, 95% CI=1.17-4.29). Compared with moderate total sleepers (7-9hours/day), participants with short total sleep duration exhibited an elevated risk of overweight (HR: 1.13, 95% CI=1.00-1.28), this also found among middle-aged. The PAF for inadequate total sleep duration (<7 hours/day) was 10.77% for overweight individuals. CONCLUSIONS Insufficient sleep duration was associated with an elevated risk of overweight only detected among middle-aged not elderly and other subgroups specific by age. The risks for abdominal obesity were increased for males and middle-aged with long nocturnal sleep. Daytime sleep may significantly reduce the risk of overweight and abdominal obesity in female and middle-aged individuals. The link between sleep duration and obesity requires further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Yao
- Xiangyu Tang, Gastroenterology department, Qianhai shekou free trade zone hospital, Shenzhen city, Guangdong province, 518067, China,
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Brunet JF, McNeil J, Jaeger Hintze L, Doucet É, Forest G. Interindividual differences in energy intake after sleep restriction: The role of personality and implicit attitudes toward food. Appetite 2021; 169:105844. [PMID: 34896388 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2021.105844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Revised: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Sleep restriction (SR) often leads to an increase in energy intake (EI). However, large variability in EI after SR is often observed, which suggests that individual characteristics may affect food intake. The objective of this study was to explore the influence of characteristics generally associated with risk-taking (sensitivity to reward and personality traits: impulsiveness, sensation seeking) and implicit attitudes toward food on EI after sleep loss. 17 subjects completed the NEO-PI-3, an Implicit Association Test measuring implicit attitudes towards healthy and unhealthy foods, and the Sensitivity to Punishment and Sensitivity to Reward Questionnaire. 24h Ad libitum EI was assessed following a habitual sleep night, a 50% SR with an advanced wake time, and a 50% SR with a delayed bedtime. Changes in EI between each SR condition and the control condition (ΔEI) were calculated for each subject. Despite no changes in overall EI between sleep conditions, results showed large interindividual variations (-669 to +899 kcal) across SR conditions. Regression modeling showed that a lower sensation seeking and higher favorable implicit attitudes towards unhealthy food were significantly associated with increased ΔEI in the advanced wake time condition. For the delayed bedtime, lower sensation seeking was associated with increased ΔEI while controlling for age, sex, REM sleep, and implicit attitudes. These results suggest that certain personality traits and implicit attitudes toward food are associated with changes in EI after sleep loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-François Brunet
- Laboratoire Du Sommeil, Département de Psychoéducation et de Psychologie, Université Du Québec en Outaouais, Gatineau, J8X 3X7, Canada
| | - Jessica McNeil
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention Research, CancerControl Alberta, Alberta Health Services, Calgary, Alberta, T2S 3C3, Canada
| | - Luzia Jaeger Hintze
- Behavioral and Metabolic Research Unit, School of Human Kinetics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Éric Doucet
- Behavioral and Metabolic Research Unit, School of Human Kinetics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Geneviève Forest
- Laboratoire Du Sommeil, Département de Psychoéducation et de Psychologie, Université Du Québec en Outaouais, Gatineau, J8X 3X7, Canada.
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Soltanieh S, Solgi S, Ansari M, Santos HO, Abbasi B. Effect of sleep duration on dietary intake, desire to eat, measures of food intake and metabolic hormones: A systematic review of clinical trials. Clin Nutr ESPEN 2021; 45:55-65. [PMID: 34620371 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2021.07.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2021] [Revised: 07/10/2021] [Accepted: 07/31/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Sleep, as well as diet and physical activity, plays a significant role in growth, maturation, health, and regulation of energy homeostasis. Recently, there is increasing evidence indicating a possible causal association between sleep duration and energy balance. We aimed to examine the relationship between sleep duration and food consumption, energy intake, anthropometric characteristics, and appetite-regulating hormones by randomized controlled trials (RCTs). METHODS Electronic literature searches were conducted on Medline, Web of Science, and Google Scholar until July 2020. The search was conducted with the following words: "Sleep Duration", "Circadian Rhythm", "Sleep Disorders" in combination with "Obesity", "Overweight", "Abdominal Obesity", "Physical Activity", "Energy Intake", "Body Mass Index", "Lipid Metabolism", "Caloric Restriction", Leptin, "Weight Gain", and "Appetite Regulation" using human studies.methods RESULTS: After screening 708 abstracts, 50 RCTs (7 on children or adolescents and 43 on adults) were identified and met the inclusion criteria. In general, the findings suggested that sleep restriction may leads to a significant increment in energy intake, fat intake, body weight, appetite, hunger, eating occasions, and portion size, while protein and carbohydrate consumption, total energy expenditure, and respiratory quotient remained unaffected as a result of sleep restriction. Serum leptin, ghrelin, and cortisol concentrations were not influenced by sleep duration as well. CONCLUSION Insufficient sleep can be considered as a contributing factor for energy imbalance, weight gain, and metabolic disorders and it is suggested that to tackle disordered eating it may be necessary to pay more attention to sleep duration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samira Soltanieh
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shakiba Solgi
- Department of Nutrition, Electronic Health and Statistics Surveillance Research Center, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maedeh Ansari
- Department of Nutrition, Electronic Health and Statistics Surveillance Research Center, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Heitor O Santos
- School of Medicine, Federal University of Uberlandia (UFU), Uberlandia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Behnood Abbasi
- Department of Nutrition, Electronic Health and Statistics Surveillance Research Center, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
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Sleep and liver disease: a bidirectional relationship. Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol 2021; 6:850-863. [PMID: 34273289 DOI: 10.1016/s2468-1253(21)00169-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Revised: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Sleep is a complex, highly regulated process essential for human health and wellbeing. Increasingly, sleep-wake disturbance has been implicated in the pathogenesis of chronic liver disease, particularly the development and progression of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and alcohol-related liver disease. Patients with cirrhosis also have a high burden of sleep abnormalities with substantial implications for their quality of life and physical health. This Review summarises the epidemiology and pathophysiology of sleep-wake disturbance in liver disease and discusses the multiple converging pathways leading to abnormal sleeping patterns in patients with cirrhosis. This includes contributions from altered melatonin metabolism, neuromuscular complications, and aberrant thermoregulation. In turn, a vicious cycle is established whereby disrupted sleep can further contribute to liver disease progression. We also begin to unravel the complex, interlinking relationship between sleep-wake disturbance and hepatic encephalopathy, discussing both overlapping and distinct mechanisms and clinical features. Finally, we summarise the current and future therapeutic approaches aiming to improve sleep quality in patients with cirrhosis.
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García-Aviles JE, Méndez-Hernández R, Guzmán-Ruiz MA, Cruz M, Guerrero-Vargas NN, Velázquez-Moctezuma J, Hurtado-Alvarado G. Metabolic Disturbances Induced by Sleep Restriction as Potential Triggers for Alzheimer's Disease. Front Integr Neurosci 2021; 15:722523. [PMID: 34539357 PMCID: PMC8447653 DOI: 10.3389/fnint.2021.722523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Sleep has a major role in learning, memory consolidation, and metabolic function. Although it is known that sleep restriction increases the accumulation of amyloid β peptide (Aβ) and the risk to develop Alzheimer's disease (AD), the mechanism behind these effects remains unknown. In this review, we discuss how chronic sleep restriction induces metabolic and cognitive impairments that could result in the development of AD in late life. Here, we integrate evidence regarding mechanisms whereby metabolic signaling becomes disturbed after short or chronic sleep restriction in the context of cognitive impairment, particularly in the accumulation of Aβ in the brain. We also discuss the role of the blood-brain barrier in sleep restriction with an emphasis on the transport of metabolic signals into the brain and Aβ clearance. This review presents the unexplored possibility that the alteration of peripheral metabolic signals induced by sleep restriction, especially insulin resistance, is responsible for cognitive deficit and, subsequently, implicated in AD development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesús Enrique García-Aviles
- Area of Neurosciences, Biology of Reproduction Department, Ciencias Biológicas y de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Unidad Iztapalapa, Mexico City, Mexico.,Posgrado en Biología Experimental, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Unidad Iztapalapa, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Rebeca Méndez-Hernández
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Mara A Guzmán-Ruiz
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Miguel Cruz
- Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Hospital de Especialidades, Unidad de Investigación Médica en Bioquímica, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Natalí N Guerrero-Vargas
- Departamento de Anatomía, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México City, Mexico
| | - Javier Velázquez-Moctezuma
- Area of Neurosciences, Biology of Reproduction Department, Ciencias Biológicas y de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Unidad Iztapalapa, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Gabriela Hurtado-Alvarado
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, Mexico City, Mexico
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Liu PY, Lawrence-Sidebottom D, Piotrowska K, Zhang W, Iranmanesh A, Auchus RJ, Veldhuis JD, Van Dongen HPA. Clamping Cortisol and Testosterone Mitigates the Development of Insulin Resistance during Sleep Restriction in Men. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2021; 106:e3436-e3448. [PMID: 34043794 PMCID: PMC8660069 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgab375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Sleep loss in men increases cortisol and decreases testosterone, and sleep restriction by 3 to 4 hours/night induces insulin resistance. OBJECTIVE We clamped cortisol and testosterone and determined the effect on insulin resistance. METHODS This was a randomized double-blind, in-laboratory crossover study in which 34 healthy young men underwent 4 nights of sleep restriction of 4 hours/night under 2 treatment conditions in random order: dual hormone clamp (cortisol and testosterone fixed), or matching placebo (cortisol and testosterone not fixed). Fasting blood samples, and an additional 23 samples for a 3-hour oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), were collected before and after sleep restriction under both treatment conditions. Cytokines and hormones were measured from the fasting samples. Overall insulin sensitivity was determined from the OGTT by combining complementary measures: homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance of the fasting state; Matsuda index of the absorptive state; and minimal model of both fasting and absorptive states. RESULTS Sleep restriction alone induced hyperinsulinemia, hyperglycemia, and overall insulin resistance (P < 0.001 for each). Clamping cortisol and testosterone alleviated the development of overall insulin resistance (P = 0.046) and hyperinsulinemia (P = 0.014) by 50%. Interleukin-6, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, peptide YY, and ghrelin did not change, whereas tumor necrosis factor-α and leptin changed in directions that would have mitigated insulin resistance with sleep restriction alone. CONCLUSION Fixing cortisol-testosterone exposure mitigates the development of insulin resistance and hyperinsulinemia, but not hyperglycemia, from sustained sleep restriction in men. The interplay between cortisol and testosterone may be important as a mechanism by which sleep restriction impairs metabolic health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Y Liu
- Division of Endocrinology, The Lundquist Institute at Harbor UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA
- David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California—Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Darian Lawrence-Sidebottom
- Sleep and Performance Research Center, Washington State University, Spokane, WA, USA
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA
| | - Katarzyna Piotrowska
- Division of Endocrinology, The Lundquist Institute at Harbor UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA
| | - Wenyi Zhang
- Division of Endocrinology, The Lundquist Institute at Harbor UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA
| | - Ali Iranmanesh
- Endocrinology Service, VA Medical Center, Salem, VA, USA
| | - Richard J Auchus
- Division of Metabolism, Diabetes, and Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Johannes D Veldhuis
- Endocrine Research Unit, Mayo School of Graduate Medical Education, Center for Translational Science Activities, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Hans P A Van Dongen
- Sleep and Performance Research Center, Washington State University, Spokane, WA, USA
- Elson S. Floyd College of Medicine, Washington State University, Spokane, WA, USA
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Fenton S, Burrows TL, Collins CE, Rayward AT, Murawski B, Duncan MJ. Efficacy of a Multi-Component m-Health Diet, Physical Activity, and Sleep Intervention on Dietary Intake in Adults with Overweight and Obesity: A Randomised Controlled Trial. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13072468. [PMID: 34371975 PMCID: PMC8308779 DOI: 10.3390/nu13072468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Revised: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
This three-arm randomised controlled trial evaluated whether (1) a multi-component weight loss intervention targeting diet, physical activity (PA), and sleep was effective at improving dietary intake over six months and 12 months, compared with a control, and (2) the enhanced diet, PA, and sleep intervention was more effective at improving dietary intake than the traditional diet and PA intervention. A total of 116 adults (70% female, 44.5 years, BMI 31.7 kg/m2) were randomised to either traditional diet and PA intervention; enhanced diet, PA, and sleep intervention; or wait-list control. To examine between-group differences, intervention groups were pooled and compared with the control. Then, the two intervention groups were compared. At six months, the pooled intervention group consumed 1011 fewer kilojoules/day (95% CI −1922, −101), less sodium (−313.2 mg/day; 95% CI −591.3, −35.0), and higher %EI from fruit (+2.1%EI; 95% CI 0.1, 4.1) than the controls. There were no differences in intake between the enhanced and traditional groups at six months. At 12 months, the pooled intervention and control groups reported no significant differences. However, compared to the traditional group, the enhanced reported higher %EI from nutrient-dense foods (+7.4%EI; 95% CI 1.3, 13.5) and protein (+2.4%EI; 95% CI 0.1, 4.6), and reduced %EI from fried/takeaway foods (−3.6%EI; 95% CI −6.5, −0.7), baked sweet products (−2.0%EI; 95% CI −3.6, −0.4), and packaged snacks (−1.1%EI; 95% CI −2.2, −0.3). This weight loss intervention reduced total energy and sodium intakes as well as increased fruit intake in adults at six months. The enhanced intervention group reported improved dietary intake relative to the traditional group at 12 months.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sasha Fenton
- Priority Research Centre for Physical Activity and Nutrition, The University of Newcastle, University Drive, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia; (S.F.); (T.L.B.); (C.E.C.); (A.T.R.); (B.M.)
- School of Medicine and Public Health, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, The University of Newcastle, University Drive, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
| | - Tracy L. Burrows
- Priority Research Centre for Physical Activity and Nutrition, The University of Newcastle, University Drive, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia; (S.F.); (T.L.B.); (C.E.C.); (A.T.R.); (B.M.)
- School of Health Sciences, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, The University of Newcastle, University Drive, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
| | - Clare E. Collins
- Priority Research Centre for Physical Activity and Nutrition, The University of Newcastle, University Drive, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia; (S.F.); (T.L.B.); (C.E.C.); (A.T.R.); (B.M.)
- School of Health Sciences, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, The University of Newcastle, University Drive, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
| | - Anna T. Rayward
- Priority Research Centre for Physical Activity and Nutrition, The University of Newcastle, University Drive, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia; (S.F.); (T.L.B.); (C.E.C.); (A.T.R.); (B.M.)
- School of Education, College of Human and Social Futures, The University of Newcastle, University Drive, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
| | - Beatrice Murawski
- Priority Research Centre for Physical Activity and Nutrition, The University of Newcastle, University Drive, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia; (S.F.); (T.L.B.); (C.E.C.); (A.T.R.); (B.M.)
- School of Medicine and Public Health, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, The University of Newcastle, University Drive, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
| | - Mitch J. Duncan
- Priority Research Centre for Physical Activity and Nutrition, The University of Newcastle, University Drive, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia; (S.F.); (T.L.B.); (C.E.C.); (A.T.R.); (B.M.)
- School of Medicine and Public Health, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, The University of Newcastle, University Drive, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
- Correspondence:
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Adam TC, Drummen M, Macdonald I, Jalo E, Siig-Vestentoft P, Martinez JA, Handjiev-Darlenska T, Brand-Miller J, Poppitt S, Stratton G, Fogelholm M, Pietiläinen KH, Taylor M, Navas-Carretero S, Winkens B, Handjiev S, Muirhead R, Silvestre M, Swindell N, Huttunen-Lenz M, Schlicht W, Lam T, Sundvall J, Råman L, Feskens E, Larssen TM, Tremblay A, Raben A, Westerterp-Plantenga M. Association of Psychobehavioral Variables With HOMA-IR and BMI Differs for Men and Women With Prediabetes in the PREVIEW Lifestyle Intervention. Diabetes Care 2021; 44:1491-1498. [PMID: 34088702 DOI: 10.2337/dc21-0059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Stress, sleep, eating behavior, and physical activity are associated with weight change and insulin resistance (IR). The aim of this analysis was the assessment of the overall and sex-specific associations of psychobehavioral variables throughout the 3-year PREVIEW intervention using the homeostatic model assessment of IR (HOMA-IR), BMI, and length of time in the study. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Associations of psychobehavioral variables, including stress, mood, eating behavior, physical activity (PA), and sleep, with BMI, HOMA-IR, and time spent in the study were assessed in 2,184 participants with prediabetes and overweight/obesity (n = 706 men; n = 1,478 women) during a 3-year lifestyle intervention using linear mixed modeling and general linear modeling. The study was a randomized multicenter trial using a 2 × 2 diet-by-PA design. RESULTS Overall, cognitive restraint and PA increased during the intervention compared with baseline, whereas BMI, HOMA-IR, disinhibition, hunger, and sleepiness decreased (all P < 0.05). Cognitive restraint and PA were negatively, whereas disinhibition, hunger, stress, and total mood disturbance were positively, associated with both BMI and HOMA-IR. Sleep duration, low sleep quality, total mood disturbance, disinhibition, and hunger scores were positively associated with HOMA-IR for men only. Participants who dropped out at 6 months had higher stress and total mood disturbance scores at baseline and throughout their time spent in the study compared with study completers. CONCLUSIONS Eating behavior and PA, control of stress, mood disturbance, and sleep characteristics were associated with BMI, HOMA-IR, and time spent in the study, with different effects in men and women during the PREVIEW lifestyle intervention study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanja C Adam
- Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Mathijs Drummen
- Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Ian Macdonald
- Medical Research Council/Arthritis Research UK (ARUK) Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, ARUK Centre for Sport, Exercise and Osteoarthritis, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, U.K.,National Institute for Health Research Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, Division of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, School of Life Sciences, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham, U.K
| | - Elli Jalo
- Department of Food and Nutrition, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Pia Siig-Vestentoft
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - J Alfredo Martinez
- Centre for Nutrition Research, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.,Centro de Investigacion Biomedica en Red Area de Fisiologia de la Obesidad y la Nutricion, Madrid, Spain.,IdisNA Instituto for Health Research, Pamplona, Spain.,Precision Nutrition and Cardiometabolic Health Program, IMDEA Food Institute, Madrid Institute for Advanced Studies, Campus of International Excellence Universidad Autonoma de Madrid and Spanish National Research Council, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Jennie Brand-Miller
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences and Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Sally Poppitt
- Human Nutrition Unit, School of Biological Sciences, Department of Medicine, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Gareth Stratton
- Applied Sports Technology, Exercise and Medicine Research Centre, College of Engineering, Swansea University, Swansea, U.K
| | - Mikael Fogelholm
- Department of Food and Nutrition, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kirsi H Pietiläinen
- Obesity Research Unit, Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Obesity Center, Abdominal Center, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Moira Taylor
- Medical Research Council/Arthritis Research UK (ARUK) Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, ARUK Centre for Sport, Exercise and Osteoarthritis, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, U.K.,National Institute for Health Research Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, Division of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, School of Life Sciences, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham, U.K
| | - Santiago Navas-Carretero
- Centre for Nutrition Research, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.,Centro de Investigacion Biomedica en Red Area de Fisiologia de la Obesidad y la Nutricion, Madrid, Spain.,IdisNA Instituto for Health Research, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Bjorn Winkens
- Department of Methodology and Statistics, Care and Public Health Research Institute, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Svetoslav Handjiev
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical University of Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Roslyn Muirhead
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences and Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Marta Silvestre
- Human Nutrition Unit, School of Biological Sciences, Department of Medicine, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.,Centro de Investigação em Tecnologias e Serviços de Saúde, NOVA Medical School, NOVA University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Nils Swindell
- Applied Sports Technology, Exercise and Medicine Research Centre, College of Engineering, Swansea University, Swansea, U.K
| | - Maija Huttunen-Lenz
- Exercise and Health Sciences, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany.,Institute of Nursing Science, University of Education Schwäbisch Gmünd, Schwäbisch Gmünd, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Schlicht
- Exercise and Health Sciences, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
| | | | - Jouko Sundvall
- Biochemistry Laboratory, Forensic Toxicology Unit, Department of Government Services, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Laura Råman
- Biochemistry Laboratory, Forensic Toxicology Unit, Department of Government Services, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Edith Feskens
- Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Thomas-Meinert Larssen
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Angelo Tremblay
- Department of Kinesiology, Laval University, Quebec City, Canada
| | - Anne Raben
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Margriet Westerterp-Plantenga
- Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
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Prokopidis K, Dionyssiotis Y. Effects of sleep deprivation on sarcopenia and obesity: A narrative review of randomized controlled and crossover trials. J Frailty Sarcopenia Falls 2021; 6:50-56. [PMID: 34131601 PMCID: PMC8173530 DOI: 10.22540/jfsf-06-050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Shortened and fragmented sleeping patterns occupying modern industrialized societies may promote metabolic disturbances accompanied by increased risk of weight gain and skeletal muscle degradation. Short-term sleep restriction may alter energy homeostasis by modifying dopamine brain receptor signaling, leading to hyperpalatable food consumption and risk of increased adiposity. Concomitantly, the metabolic damage caused by lower testosterone and higher cortisol levels may stimulate systemic inflammation, insulin resistance, and suppress pathways involved in muscle protein synthesis. These changes may lead to dysregulated energy balance and skeletal muscle metabolism, increasing the risk of sarcopenic obesity, an additional public health burden. Future trials controlling for food intake and exploring further the influence of sleep deprivation on anabolic and catabolic signaling, and gut peptide interaction with energy balance are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantinos Prokopidis
- Imperial College London, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, London, United Kingdom
| | - Yannis Dionyssiotis
- 1 Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Department, National Rehabilitation Center EKA, Athens, Greece
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Depner CM, Melanson EL, Eckel RH, Higgins JA, Bergman BC, Perreault L, Knauer OA, Birks BR, Wright KP. Effects of ad libitum food intake, insufficient sleep and weekend recovery sleep on energy balance. Sleep 2021; 44:6290310. [PMID: 34059916 DOI: 10.1093/sleep/zsab136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Revised: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVES Insufficient sleep is believed to promote positive energy balance (EB) and weight-gain. Increasing weekend sleep duration to "recover" from weekday sleep loss is common, yet little is known regarding how weekend recovery sleep influences EB. We conducted a randomized controlled trial to assess how: 1) 2 days and 8 days of insufficient sleep and 2) ad libitum weekend recovery sleep impact EB (energy intake [EI] - energy expenditure [EE]). METHODS Following ten baseline days with 9h per night sleep opportunities, participants completed one of three 10-day experimental protocols with ad libitum EI: control (9h sleep opportunities; n=8; 23±5y [mean±SD]); sleep restriction (SR; 5h sleep opportunities; n=14; 25±5y); sleep restriction with weekend recovery sleep (SR+WR; 5 days insufficient sleep, 2 days ad libitum weekend recovery sleep, 3 days recurrent insufficient sleep; n=14; 27±4y). RESULTS 24h EB increased (P < 0.001; main effect) by an average of 797.7±96.7 (±SEM) kcal during the 10-day experimental protocol versus baseline with no significant differences between groups. Percent change from baseline in 24h-EE was higher (P < 0.05) on day 2 of insufficient sleep (SR and SR+WR groups; 10±1%) versus adequate sleep (control group; 4±3%). CONCLUSIONS In this between-group study, the effects of adequate sleep and insufficient sleep, with or without or weekend recovery sleep, on 24h-EB were similar. Examining EB and body weight changes using within-subject cross-over designs and "free-living" conditions outside the laboratory (e.g., sleep extension) are needed to advance our understanding of the links between insufficient sleep, weekend recovery sleep and weight-gain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher M Depner
- Sleep and Chronobiology Laboratory, Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA.,Department of Health and Kinesiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Edward L Melanson
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Diabetes, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA.,Division of Geriatric Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA.,Eastern Colorado Veterans Affairs Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Denver, CO, USA
| | - Robert H Eckel
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Diabetes, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Janine A Higgins
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Bryan C Bergman
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Diabetes, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Leigh Perreault
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Diabetes, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Oliver A Knauer
- Sleep and Chronobiology Laboratory, Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Brian R Birks
- Sleep and Chronobiology Laboratory, Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Kenneth P Wright
- Sleep and Chronobiology Laboratory, Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA.,Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Diabetes, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
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Radcliffe PN, Whitney CC, Fagnant HS, Wilson MA, Finlayson G, Smith TJ, Karl JP. Severe sleep restriction suppresses appetite independent of effects on appetite regulating hormones in healthy young men without obesity. Physiol Behav 2021; 237:113438. [PMID: 33940082 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2021.113438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Several nights of moderate (4-5 hr/night) sleep restriction increases appetite and energy intake, and may alter circulating concentrations of appetite regulating hormones. Whether more severe sleep restriction has similar effects is unclear. This study aimed to determine the effects of severe, short-term sleep restriction on appetite, ad libitum energy intake during a single meal, appetite regulating hormones, and food preferences. METHODS Randomized, crossover study in which 18 healthy men (mean ± SD: BMI 24.4 ± 2.3 kg/m2, 20 ± 2 yr) were assigned to three consecutive nights of sleep restriction (SR; 2 hr sleep opportunity/night) or adequate sleep (AS; 7-9 hr sleep opportunity/night) with controlled feeding and activity designed to maintain energy balance throughout the 3-day period. On day 4, participants consumed a standardized breakfast. Appetite, assessed by visual analogue scales, and circulating ghrelin, peptide-YY (PYY), glucagon-like peptide (GLP-1), insulin, and glucose concentrations were measured before and every 20-60 min for 4hr after the meal. Ad libitum energy and macronutrient intakes were then measured at a provided buffet lunch. Food preferences were measured by Leeds Food Preference Questionnaire (LFPQ) administered before and after the lunch. RESULTS Area under the curve (AUC) of postprandial hunger (-23%), desire to eat (-23%), and prospective consumption (-18%) ratings were all lower, and postprandial fullness AUC (25%) was higher after SR relative to after AS (p ≤ 0.02). Ad libitum energy intake at the lunch meal was 332 kcal [95% CI: -479, -185] (p<0.001) lower after SR relative to after AS, but relative macronutrient intakes and LFPQ scores did not differ. Postprandial glucose, insulin, PYY, GLP-1, and ghrelin AUCs did not differ between phases. However, mean concentrations of PYY (-11%) and GLP-1 (-4%) over the 4-hr testing period were lower, and glucose concentrations were 6% higher, after SR relative to after AS (p ≤ 0.01). CONCLUSION In contrast with reported effects of moderate sleep restriction, severe sleep restriction reduced appetite and energy intake, had no impact food preferences, and had little impact on appetite regulating hormones. Findings suggest that severe sleep restriction may suppress appetite and food intake, at least at a single meal, by a mechanism independent of changes in food preference or appetite regulating hormones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick N Radcliffe
- U.S. Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Natick, MA, USA; Oak Ridge Institute of Science and Education, Oak Ridge, TN, USA
| | - Claire C Whitney
- U.S. Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Natick, MA, USA
| | - Heather S Fagnant
- U.S. Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Natick, MA, USA
| | - Marques A Wilson
- U.S. Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Natick, MA, USA
| | - Graham Finlayson
- Oak Ridge Institute of Science and Education, Oak Ridge, TN, USA; School of psychology, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Tracey J Smith
- U.S. Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Natick, MA, USA
| | - J Philip Karl
- U.S. Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Natick, MA, USA.
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Does sex influence the effects of experimental sleep curtailment and circadian misalignment on regulation of appetite? ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 17:20-25. [PMID: 33718658 DOI: 10.1016/j.coemr.2020.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Sleep curtailment and circadian misalignment disrupt energy sensing and eating behaviors, which can contribute to weight gain and obesity-related comorbidities. Herein, we review the effects of experimental manipulations of sleep duration and circadian alignment on circulating concentrations of appetite hormones, specifically leptin and ghrelin. Further, we focus on sex differences in hormonal and behavioral responses related to food intake. The studies reviewed suggest potential sex-specific effects of sleep curtailment on key hormones involved in the gut-brain axis, presumably leading to downstream effects on neural processes involved in food seeking and consumption behaviors. However, there is insufficient evidence to declare any sex-specific effects of circadian misalignment on appetite regulation. More research is needed to elucidate the complex sex-specific relationships between sleep, circadian rhythms, energy homeostasis, and appetite regulating mechanisms. Greater knowledge of these mechanisms would aid in the development of targeted methods to mitigate risk for obesity and related metabolic diseases.
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Dos Santos Quaresma MV, Marques CG, Magalhães ACO, Dos Santos RVT. Emotional eating, binge eating, physical inactivity, and vespertine chronotype are negative predictors of dietary practices during COVID-19 social isolation: A cross-sectional study. Nutrition 2021; 90:111223. [PMID: 33934054 PMCID: PMC7941022 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2021.111223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2020] [Revised: 02/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Objectives Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) emerged and rapidly spread worldwide. Several countries have imposed lockdown and isolation in attempt to mitigate viral spread. However, social isolation has a negative effect on psychological aspects, increasing stress, fear, anxiety, anger and emotional disturbance, as well as affecting sleep pattern and the practice of physical activity. Negative emotions and lifestyle changes trigger overeating, consequently affecting dietary practices. The aim of this study was to verify the prevalence of lifestyle factors (i.e., sleep time/quality and practice of physical exercise), eating behavior dimensions, chronotype, and association with dietary practices (planning, domestic organization, food choice, ways of eating) in home confinement during the COVID-19 pandemic in São Paulo, Brazil. Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted between April 27 and May 25, 2020. An anonymous online questionnaire (Microsoft Forms) was used for data collection by the snowball method. We verified dietary practices (outcome), eating behavior, physical exercise practice, sleep quality and duration, and chronotype (exposure variables). Sex, age, educational and social status were assessed as covariates and confounders. We evaluated 724 adults (585 women and 139 men). Mean age was 32.6 y (±11.3) for women and 33.5 y (±10.5) for men. Results Emotional eating (EE) and binge eating (BE) were positively correlated (r = 0.66; P <0.001). Dietary practices were negatively correlated with BE (r = –0.41; P <0.001), EE (r = –0.33; P <0.001) and body mass index (r = –0.24; P <0.001). Linear regression demonstrated that EE (β = –0.1351; t = –2.841; P = 0.005; ηp2 = 0.013), BE (β = –0.2580; t = –5.612; P < 0.001; ηp2 = 0.050), no practice of physical exercise at home (β = –0.4271; t = –5.933; P < 0.001; ηp2 = 0.055), being vespertine (β = –0.3435; t = 2.076; P = 0.038; ηp2 = 0.019), and age (β = –0.082; t = –2.210; P = 0.027; ηp2 = 0.008) are negative predictors of dietary practices. Finally, cognitive restraint (β = 0.1407; t = 3.858; P < 0.001; ηp2 = 0.024), better sleep quality (β = 0.1768; t = 2.506; P = 0.012; ηp2 = 0.010), receiving 4–10 wages per month (according to a minimum wage in Brazil that corresponds to US $ 183.01) (β = 0.2568; t = 2.573; P = 0.10; ηp2 = 0.027) and 10 – 20 wages per month (β = 0.4490; t = 3.726; P < 0.001; ηp2 = 0.027) are positive predictors of dietary practices. Conclusion Eating behavior, physical exercise, sleep, and social factors can be important predictors for dietary practices during COVID-19 social confinement. Longitudinal studies in Brazil are needed to confirm these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Ronaldo Vagner Thomatieli Dos Santos
- Postgraduate program in Psychobiology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Department of Biosciences, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Santos, SP, Brazil.
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Yang CL, Tucker RM. Beneficial effects of a high protein breakfast on fullness disappear after a night of short sleep in nonobese, premenopausal women. Physiol Behav 2021; 229:113269. [DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2020.113269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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Nymo S, Kleppe MM, Coutinho SR, Rehfeld JF, Kulseng B, Martins C. Association between habitual sleep duration/quality and appetite markers in individuals with obesity. Physiol Behav 2021; 232:113345. [PMID: 33524425 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2021.113345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Revised: 12/27/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVES To assess if habitual sleep duration/quality was associated with appetite in individuals with obesity, and if the association was modulated by sex. METHODS Sleep duration/quality was measured with Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index score in 95 healthy adults with obesity (BMI: 36.6 ± 4.2 kg/m2). Subjective feelings of appetite were assessed using visual analogue scales, and plasma concentrations of active ghrelin, total peptide YY, active glucagon-like peptide 1, cholecystokinin (CCK) and insulin were measured in fasting and every 30 min up to 2.5 h after a meal. RESULTS No significant associations were found between sleep duration, or overall quality, and appetite in all participants. However, a worse sleep efficiency was associated with lower postprandial CCK, a shorter habitual sleep was associated with lower postprandial desire to eat and a lower daytime dysfunction was associated with higher prospective food consumption in fasting (P<0.05, for all). In males, a shorter habitual sleep duration and a worse subjective sleep quality were associated with increased basal and postprandial active ghrelin (P<0.05, P<0.01, P<0.01 and P<0.05, respectively). Also, a shorter habitual sleep was associated with lower basal and postprandial insulin (P<0.05 for both) and a worse overall sleep quality with lower postprandial insulin (P<0.05). In females, a worse overall sleep quality was associated with lower postprandial active ghrelin (P<0.05), and short habitual sleep with higher postprandial insulin (P<0.05). CONCLUSION A worse habitual sleep efficiency is associated with blunted postprandial CCK secretion in individuals with obesity. The association between habitual sleep duration/quality and insulin and active ghrelin seems to be modulated by sex, but more studies are needed to confirm these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siren Nymo
- Obesity Research Group, Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway; Nord-Trøndelag Hospital Trust, Clinic of Surgery, Namsos Hospital, Norway.
| | - Malin M Kleppe
- Obesity Research Group, Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
| | - Silvia R Coutinho
- Obesity Research Group, Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
| | - Jens F Rehfeld
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Bård Kulseng
- Obesity Research Group, Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway; Centre for Obesity and Innovation (ObeCe), Clinic of Surgery, St. Olav University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Catia Martins
- Obesity Research Group, Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway; Centre for Obesity and Innovation (ObeCe), Clinic of Surgery, St. Olav University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW This paper presents a review of the current literature in support of a model explaining the relationships between sleep health and risk for type 2 diabetes in adolescents. RECENT FINDINGS Short sleep duration is associated with risk of developing obesity in youth. Sleep restriction increases energy expenditure, but also increases hunger, appetite, and food intake, causing positive energy balance, impacting appetite-regulating hormones, and leading to increased eating late at night. Insufficient sleep may lead to reduced physical activity and greater sedentary behaviors. In addition, short sleep duration is associated with reduced insulin sensitivity. The cumulative negative consequences of insufficient sleep increase risk for type 2 diabetes. Applications to clinical care, public policy, and future research are discussed. Insufficient sleep in adolescence increases risk for type 2 diabetes directly through impact on insulin sensitivity and indirectly through increased dietary intake, sedentary activity, and weight gain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stacey L. Simon
- grid.430503.10000 0001 0703 675XUniversity of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO USA
| | - Janine Higgins
- grid.430503.10000 0001 0703 675XUniversity of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO USA
| | - Edward Melanson
- grid.430503.10000 0001 0703 675XUniversity of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO USA
- Eastern Colorado Veterans Affairs Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Denver, CO USA
| | - Kenneth P. Wright
- grid.430503.10000 0001 0703 675XUniversity of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO USA
- grid.266190.a0000000096214564University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO USA
| | - Kristen J. Nadeau
- grid.430503.10000 0001 0703 675XUniversity of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO USA
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Romero Cabrera JL, Sotos-Prieto M, García Ríos A, Moffatt S, Christophi CA, Pérez-Martínez P, Kales SN. Sleep and Association With Cardiovascular Risk Among Midwestern US Firefighters. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:772848. [PMID: 34858343 PMCID: PMC8632221 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.772848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of on-duty fatalities among U.S. firefighters. Research has demonstrated that many modifiable risk factors are contributors to the high prevalence of cardiometabolic risk factors. The current study aimed to assess whether sleep is associated with cardiometabolic risk factors among Indianapolis firefighters. The findings could support improving sleep hygiene in this population. MATERIAL AND METHODS This cross-sectional study was conducted from the baseline data of eligible firefighters enrolled in "Feeding America's Bravest", a Mediterranean diet lifestyle intervention within the Indiana Fire Departments. Participants' sleep quality was categorized as "good" (≤ 8 points) or "bad" (>8 points) by a sleep quality questionnaire based on some questions from Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index. In addition, firefighters' sleep duration was stratified based on the number of hours slept per night (≤6 as "short sleep" or >6 hours as normal). Linear and logistic regression models were used to examine the association of sleep with cardiometabolic risk factors. RESULTS A total of 258 firefighters were included. Bad sleepers had higher weight, greater waist circumference, higher body mass index (BMI), and increased body fat (all p<0.01) compared to good sleepers. Similarly, participants with short sleep duration were heavier (p<0.02), had greater BMI (p<0.02) and increased body fat (p<0.04) compared with participants with normal sleep duration. Both bad and short sleepers had a higher prevalence of hypertension and obesity (p <0.05). CONCLUSIONS Our study supports that both sleep quality and quantity are associated with cardiometabolic risk among firefighters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Luis Romero Cabrera
- Lipids and Atherosclerosis Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Córdoba (IMIBIC), Reina Sofía University Hospital, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States
- CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Carlos III Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain
- *Correspondence: Juan Luis Romero Cabrera,
| | - Mercedes Sotos-Prieto
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, School of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid; IdiPaz (Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital Universitario La Paz); and CIBERESP (CIBER of Epidemiology and Public Health), Madrid, Spain
| | - Antonio García Ríos
- Lipids and Atherosclerosis Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Córdoba (IMIBIC), Reina Sofía University Hospital, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
- CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Carlos III Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain
| | - Steven Moffatt
- National Institute for Public Safety Health, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Costas A. Christophi
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States
- Cyprus International Institute for Environmental and Public Health, Cyprus University of Technology, Limassol, Cyprus
| | - Pablo Pérez-Martínez
- Lipids and Atherosclerosis Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Córdoba (IMIBIC), Reina Sofía University Hospital, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
- CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Carlos III Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain
| | - Stefanos N. Kales
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States
- Occupational Medicine, Cambridge Health Alliance/Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA, United States
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Direct and indirect effects of poor sleep quality on BMI and waist circumference in a female population-based study in Southern Brazil. Public Health Nutr 2020; 24:895-902. [PMID: 33292921 DOI: 10.1017/s1368980020004978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to investigate the direct and indirect effects of poor sleep quality on BMI and waist circumference (WC), considering behavioural factors as intermediate variables. DESIGN A population-based cross-sectional study design was adopted. Data were collected between February and October 2015. Poor sleep quality was assessed using the Brazilian version of the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI-BR). Weight, height (used to calculate BMI) and WC were measured using standard protocols. Physical activity, sedentary behaviour and fast food consumption were considered intermediate variables. Non-standardised effects were estimated by path analysis with bootstrapped CI. SETTING Urban region of the city of São Leopoldo, southern Brazil. PARTICIPANTS Representative sample of 1117 women aged between 20 and 69 years. RESULTS Poor sleep quality (higher PSQI-BR scores) was significantly associated with low physical activity levels (β = -0·05; 95 % CI -0·09, -0·01). High physical activity levels were associated with lower BMI (β = -0·21; 95 % CI -0·37, -0·07) and WC (β = -0·64; 95 % CI -1·00, -0·30). There was a non-significant direct effect of poor sleep quality on BMI and WC. However, low physical activity showed a significant indirect effect on the association between poor sleep quality and increased WC (β = 0·03; 95 % CI 0·01, 0·07). CONCLUSIONS The results indicate that the association between sleep quality and WC is mediated by physical activity. This finding can assist in the development of strategies to prevent and reduce abdominal obesity in adult women.
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Sleep and obesity share a bidirectional relationship, and weight loss has been shown to enhance sleep. Aiming to extend sleep on its own or as part of a lifestyle intervention may attenuate health consequences of short sleep. This review highlights several sleep extension approaches, discusses feasibility of each, and summarizes findings relevant to obesity. RECENT FINDINGS Sleep extension in response to experimental sleep restriction demonstrates partial rescue of cardiometabolic dysfunction in some but not all studies. Adequate sleep on a nightly basis may be necessary for optimal health. While initial sleep extension interventions in habitually short sleepers have been met with obstacles, preliminary findings suggest that sleep extension or sleep hygiene interventions may improve glycemic control, decrease blood pressure, and enhance weight loss. Sleep extension has the potential to attenuate obesity risk and cardiometabolic dysfunction. There is tremendous opportunity for future research that establishes a minimum threshold for sleep extension effectiveness and addresses logistical barriers identified in seminal studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristin K Hoddy
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, 6400 Perkins Road, Baton Rouge, LA, 70808, USA.
| | - Kaitlin S Potts
- Department of Epidemiology, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
| | - Lydia A Bazzano
- Department of Epidemiology, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
| | - John P Kirwan
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, 6400 Perkins Road, Baton Rouge, LA, 70808, USA
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