1
|
Salonen H, Salthammer T, Castagnoli E, Täubel M, Morawska L. Cleaning products: Their chemistry, effects on indoor air quality, and implications for human health. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2024; 190:108836. [PMID: 38917624 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2024.108836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Revised: 06/09/2024] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024]
Abstract
The use of cleaning and disinfecting products both at work and at home increased during the COVID-19 pandemic. Those products often include surfactants, acids/bases, carcinogens such as chloroform, and endocrine-disrupting chemicals, such as cyclosiloxanes, phthalates, and synthetic fragrances, which may cause harmful health effects among professional cleaners as well as among people exposed at home or in their workplaces. The aim of this study was to synthesize the effects of the commonly used chemical, surface cleaning and disinfecting products on indoor air quality, focusing on chemical and particulate matter pollutants, exposure, and human health in residential and public buildings. We also provide a summary of recommendations to avoid harmful exposure and suggest future research directions. PubMed, Google Scholar, Scopus, and Web of Science (WoS) were used to search the literature. Analysis of the literature revealed that the use of cleaning products and disinfectants increase occupants' exposure to a variety of harmful chemical air contaminants and to particulate matter. Occupational exposure to cleaning and disinfectant products has been linked to an increased risk of asthma and rhinitis. Residential exposure to cleaning products has been shown to have an adverse effect on respiratory health, particularly on asthma onset, and on the occurrence of asthma(-like) symptoms among children and adults. Efforts to reduce occupants' exposure to cleaning chemicals will require lowering the content of hazardous substances in cleaning products and improving ventilation during and after cleaning. Experimentally examined, best cleaning practices as well as careful selection of cleaning products can minimize the burden of harmful air pollutant exposure indoors. In addition, indirect ways to reduce exposure include increasing people's awareness of the harmfulness of cleaning chemicals and of safe cleaning practices, as well as clear labelling of cleaning and disinfecting products.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Heidi Salonen
- Aalto University (Aalto), Department of Civil Engineering, PO Box 12100, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland; Queensland University of Technology (QUT), International Laboratory for Air Quality and Health (WHO CC for Air Quality and Health), 2 George Street, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia.
| | - Tunga Salthammer
- Queensland University of Technology (QUT), International Laboratory for Air Quality and Health (WHO CC for Air Quality and Health), 2 George Street, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia; Fraunhofer WKI, Department of Material Analysis and Indoor Chemistry, 38108 Braunschweig, Germany.
| | - Emmanuelle Castagnoli
- Aalto University (Aalto), Department of Civil Engineering, PO Box 12100, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland
| | - Martin Täubel
- Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Department Health Security, Environmental Health Unit, PO Box 95, FIN-70701 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Lidia Morawska
- Queensland University of Technology (QUT), International Laboratory for Air Quality and Health (WHO CC for Air Quality and Health), 2 George Street, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Khoshakhlagh AH, Mohammadzadeh M, Ghobakhloo S, Cheng H, Gruszecka-Kosowska A, Knight J. Health risk assessment from inhalation exposure to indoor formaldehyde: A systematic review and meta-analysis. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 471:134307. [PMID: 38678702 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.134307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2024] [Revised: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
This systematic review and meta-analysis investigated studies on formaldehyde (FA) inhalation exposure in indoor environments and related carcinogenic (CR) and non-carcinogenic (HQ) risk. Studies were obtained from Scopus, PubMed, Web of Science, Medline, and Embase databases without time limitation until November 21, 2023. Studies not meeting the criteria of Population, Exposure, Comparator, and Outcomes (PECO) were excluded. The 45 articles included belonged to the 5 types of sites: dwelling environments, educational centers, kindergartens, vehicle cabins, and other indoor environments. A meta-analysis determined the average effect size (ES) between indoor FA concentrations, CR, and HQ values in each type of indoor environment. FA concentrations ranged from 0.01 to 1620 μg/m3. The highest FA concentrations were stated in water pipe cafés and the lowest in residential environments. In more than 90% of the studies uncertain (1.00 ×10-6 1.00 ×10-4) due to FA inhalation exposure was reported and non-carcinogenic risk was stated acceptable. The meta-analysis revealed the highest CR values due to inhalation of indoor FA in high-income countries. As 90% of the time is spent indoors, it is crucial to adopt effective strategies to reduce FA concentrations, especially in kindergartens and schools, with regular monitoring of indoor air quality.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amir Hossein Khoshakhlagh
- Department of Occupational Health Engineering, School of Health, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Mahdiyeh Mohammadzadeh
- Department of Health in Emergencies and Disasters, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Safiye Ghobakhloo
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Hefa Cheng
- MOE Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Agnieszka Gruszecka-Kosowska
- AGH University of Krakow, Faculty of Geology, Geophysics, and Environmental Protection, Department of Environmental Protection, Al. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059, Krakow, Poland
| | - Jasper Knight
- School of Geography, Archaeology & Environmental Studies, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 2050, South Africa
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Cogen JD, Perkins A, Mockler B, Barton KS, Schwartz A, Boos M, Radhakrishnan A, Rai P, Tandon P, Philipsborn R, Grow HM. Pediatric Resident and Program Director Views on Climate Change and Health Curricula: A Multi-Institution Study. ACADEMIC MEDICINE : JOURNAL OF THE ASSOCIATION OF AMERICAN MEDICAL COLLEGES 2024; 99:654-662. [PMID: 38232072 DOI: 10.1097/acm.0000000000005633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE The American Academy of Pediatrics emphasized in a 2007 policy statement the importance of educating trainees on the impacts of climate change on children's health, yet few studies have evaluated trainee knowledge and attitudes about climate change-related health effects in children. This multi-institution study assessed pediatric resident and program director (1) knowledge/attitudes on climate change and health, (2) perspectives on the importance of incorporating climate and health content into pediatric graduate medical education, and (3) preferred topics/activities to include in climate and health curricula. METHOD This mixed-methods study employed an anonymous cross-sectional survey of pediatric residents and residency program directors from Association of Pediatric Program Directors (APPD) Longitudinal Educational Assessment Research Network (LEARN)-affiliated programs. Multivariable regression models and factor analyses were used to examine associations among resident demographics and resident knowledge, attitudes, and interest in a climate change curriculum. A conventional content analysis was conducted for the open-ended responses. RESULTS Eighteen programs participated in the study with all program directors (100% response rate) and 663 residents (average response rate per program, 53%; overall response rate, 42%) completing respective surveys. Of the program directors, only 3 (17%) felt very or moderately knowledgeable about the association between climate change and health impacts. The majority of residents (n=423, 64%) agreed/strongly agreed that physicians should discuss global warming/climate change and its health effects with patients/families, while only 138 residents (21%) agreed/strongly agreed that they were comfortable talking with patients and families about these issues. Most residents (n=498, 76%) and program directors (n=15, 83%) agreed/strongly agreed that a climate change curriculum should be incorporated into their pediatrics training program. CONCLUSIONS Pediatric residents and program directors support curricula that prepare future pediatricians to address the impact of climate change on children's health; however, few programs currently offer specific training, despite identified needs.
Collapse
|
4
|
Lenssen ES, Janssen NAH, Oldenwening M, Meliefste K, de Jonge D, Kamstra RJM, van Dinther D, van der Zee S, Keuken RH, Hoek G. Beyond the Runway: Respiratory health effects of ultrafine particles from aviation in children. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2024; 188:108759. [PMID: 38788415 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2024.108759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Revised: 05/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
Aviation has been shown to cause high particle number concentrations (PNC) in areas surrounding major airports. Particle size distribution and composition differ from motorized traffic. The objective was to study short-term effects of aviation-related UFP on respiratory health in children. In 2017-2018 a study was conducted in a school panel of 7-11 year old children (n = 161) living North and South of Schiphol Airport. Weekly supervised spirometry and exhaled nitric oxide (eNO) measurements were executed. The school panel, and an additional group of asthmatic children (n = 19), performed daily spirometry tests at home and recorded respiratory symptoms. Hourly concentrations of various size fractions of PNC and black carbon (BC) were measured at three school yards. Concentrations of aviation-related particles were estimated at the residential addresses using a dispersion model. Linear and logistic mixed models were used to investigate associations between daily air pollutant concentrations and respiratory health. PNC20, a proxy for aviation-related UFP, was virtually uncorrelated with BC and PNC50-100 (reflecting primarily motorized traffic), supporting the feasibility of separating PNC from aviation and other combustion sources. No consistent associations were found between various pollutants and supervised spirometry and eNO. Major air pollutants were significantly associated with an increase in various respiratory symptoms. Odds Ratios for previous day PNC20 per 3,598pt/cm3 were 1.13 (95%CI 1.02; 1.24) for bronchodilator use and 1.14 (95%CI 1.03; 1.26) for wheeze. Modelled aviation-related UFP at the residential addresses was also positively associated with these symptoms, corroborating the PNC20 findings. PNC20 was not associated with daily lung function, but PNC50-100 and BC were negatively associated with FEV1. PNC of different sizes indicative of aviation and other combustion sources were independently associated with an increase of respiratory symptoms and bronchodilator use in children living near a major airport. No consistent associations between aviation-related UFP with lung function was observed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Esther S Lenssen
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences (IRAS), Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
| | - Nicole A H Janssen
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, the Netherlands.
| | - Marieke Oldenwening
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences (IRAS), Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
| | - Kees Meliefste
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences (IRAS), Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
| | - Dave de Jonge
- Municipal Health Service (GGD) Haaglanden, Den Haag, the Netherlands.
| | - Regina J M Kamstra
- Netherlands Organization for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), Leiden, the Netherlands.
| | - Daniëlle van Dinther
- Netherlands Organization for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), Leiden, the Netherlands.
| | | | - Rinske H Keuken
- Municipal Health Service (GGD) Haaglanden, Den Haag, the Netherlands.
| | - Gerard Hoek
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences (IRAS), Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Mahfouz Y, Tydeman F, Robertson M. Investigating the air quality surrounding new schools in England: polluted playgrounds and school buildings are a source of avoidable harm. Arch Dis Child 2024; 109:483-487. [PMID: 38503436 DOI: 10.1136/archdischild-2023-325947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/30/2023] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess levels of pollutants at the sites of new schools and whether pupils are likely to be protected from associated risks. SETTING Air pollution causes damage to children's health by increasing respiratory tract infection rates, asthma exacerbations, allergies and childhood cancers. Further effects include poorer neurocognitive outcomes and multisystemic illness in adulthood. DESIGN We obtained a list of all 187 proposed new schools in England from 2017 to 2025 and found locations for 147 of them. We assessed air quality against WHO air quality targets and the air quality percentile of the location relative to pollution levels across the UK. We review relevant legislation and guidance. RESULTS Our analysis found 86% of new schools (126/147) exceeded all three WHO targets, and every location exceeded at least one. Nationally, 76% (112/147) of sites were in the 60th or greater pollution percentile. Within London, the median pollution percentile was the 90th, with a minimum of 76th and maximum of 99th (IQR=83 rd to 94th). CONCLUSION The guidance for school proposals does not include any requirement to assess air quality at the identified site. Building regulations also fail to consider how widespread poor air quality is, and significantly underestimates the levels of major air pollutants surrounding schools. Therefore it is unlikely that adequate action to reduce pupil and staff exposure is undertaken.We argue that air quality assessment should be mandatory at the proposal and planning stage of any new school building and that national guidance and legislation urgently needs to be updated.
Collapse
|
6
|
Khoshakhlagh AH, Mohammadzadeh M, Sicard P, Bamel U. Human exposure to formaldehyde and health risk assessment: a 46-year systematic literature review. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2024; 46:206. [PMID: 38724672 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-024-02004-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/17/2024]
Abstract
After confirming that formaldehyde (FA) is carcinogenic, many studies were conducted in different countries to investigate this finding. Therefore, according to the dispersion of related studies, a bibliometric review of the current literature was performed with the aim of better understanding the exposure to FA and the resulting health risk, for the first time, using the Scopus database and the two open-source software packages, Bibliometrix R package. After screening the documents in Excel, the data was analyzed based on three aspects including performance analysis, conceptual structure, and intellectual structure, and the results were presented in tables and diagrams. A total of 468 documents were analyzed over period 1977-2023, in which 1956 authors from 56 countries participated. The number of scientific publications has grown significantly from 1977 (n = 1) to 2022 (n = 19). Zhang Y., from the Yale School of Public Health (USA), was identified as the most impactful author in this field. The Science of the Total Environment journal was identified as the main source of articles related to exposure to formaldehyde by publishing 25 studies. The United States and China were the most active countries with the most international collaboration. The main topics investigated during these 46 years included "formaldehyde" and "health risk assessment", which have taken new directions in recent years with the emergence of the keyword "asthma". The present study provides a comprehensive view of the growth and evolution of studies related to formaldehyde and the resulting health risks, which can provide a better understanding of existing research gaps and new and emerging issues.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amir Hossein Khoshakhlagh
- Department of Occupational Health Engineering, School of Health, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Mahdiyeh Mohammadzadeh
- Department of Health in Emergencies and Disasters, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Pierre Sicard
- ARGANS, 260 Route du Pin Montard, Biot, France
- INCDS "Marin Drăcea", 077030, Voluntari, Romania
| | - Umesh Bamel
- OB and HRM Group, International Management Institute New Delhi, New Delhi, India
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Stowell JD, Sun Y, Gause EL, Spangler KR, Schwartz J, Bernstein A, Wellenius GA, Nori-Sarma A. Warm season ambient ozone and children's health in the USA. Int J Epidemiol 2024; 53:dyae035. [PMID: 38553030 PMCID: PMC10980558 DOI: 10.1093/ije/dyae035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Over 120 million people in the USA live in areas with unsafe ozone (O3) levels. Studies among adults have linked exposure to worse lung function and higher risk of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). However, few studies have examined the effects of O3 in children, and existing studies are limited in terms of their geographic scope or outcomes considered. METHODS We leveraged a dataset of encounters at 42 US children's hospitals from 2004-2015. We used a one-stage case-crossover design to quantify the association between daily maximum 8-hour O3 in the county in which the hospital is located and risk of emergency department (ED) visits for any cause and for respiratory disorders, asthma, respiratory infections, allergies and ear disorders. RESULTS Approximately 28 million visits were available during this period. Per 10 ppb increase, warm-season (May through September) O3 levels over the past three days were associated with higher risk of ED visits for all causes (risk ratio [RR]: 0.3% [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.2%, 0.4%]), allergies (4.1% [2.5%, 5.7%]), ear disorders (0.8% [0.3%, 1.3%]) and asthma (1.3% [0.8%, 1.9%]). When restricting to levels below the current regulatory standard (70 ppb), O3 was still associated with risk of ED visits for all-cause, allergies, ear disorders and asthma. Stratified analyses suggest that the risk of O3-related all-cause ED visits may be higher in older children. CONCLUSIONS Results from this national study extend prior research on the impacts of daily O3 on children's health and reinforce the presence of important adverse health impacts even at levels below the current regulatory standard in the USA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer D Stowell
- Department of Environmental Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yuantong Sun
- Department of Environmental Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Emma L Gause
- Department of Environmental Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Keith R Spangler
- Department of Environmental Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Joel Schwartz
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health Boston, MA, USA
| | - Aaron Bernstein
- Division of General Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Gregory A Wellenius
- Department of Environmental Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Amruta Nori-Sarma
- Department of Environmental Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Murphy J, Tharumakunarajah R, Holden KA, King C, Lee AR, Rose K, Hawcutt DB, Sinha IP. Impact of indoor environment on children's pulmonary health. Expert Rev Respir Med 2023; 17:1249-1259. [PMID: 38240133 DOI: 10.1080/17476348.2024.2307561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION A child's living environment has a significant impact on their respiratory health, with exposure to poor indoor air quality (IAQ) contributing to potentially lifelong respiratory morbidity. These effects occur throughout childhood, from the antenatal period through to adolescence. Children are particularly susceptible to the effects of environmental insults, and children living in socioeconomic deprivation globally are more likely to breathe air both indoors and outdoors, which poses an acute and long-term risk to their health. Adult respiratory health is, at least in part, determined by exposures and respiratory system development in childhood, starting in utero. AREAS COVERED This narrative review will discuss, from a global perspective, what contributes to poor IAQ in the child's home and school environment and the impact that indoor air pollution exposure has on respiratory health throughout the different stages of childhood. EXPERT OPINION All children have the right to a living and educational environment without the threat of pollution affecting their health. Action is needed at multiple levels to address this pressing issue to improve lifelong respiratory health. Such action should incorporate a child's rights-based approach, empowering children, and their families, to have access to clean air to breathe in their living environment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jared Murphy
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | | | - Karl A Holden
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
- Lab to Life Child Health Data Centre, Alder Hey Children's Hospital, Liverpool, UK
| | - Charlotte King
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Alice R Lee
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
- Lab to Life Child Health Data Centre, Alder Hey Children's Hospital, Liverpool, UK
| | - Katie Rose
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Alder Hey Children's NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, UK
| | - Daniel B Hawcutt
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
- NIHR Alder Hey Clinical Research Facility, Alder Hey Children's NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, UK
| | - Ian P Sinha
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Alder Hey Children's NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, UK
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Zheng Q, Cox IA, Leigh L, de Graaff B, Johnston FH, Corte TJ, Knibbs LD, Otahal P, Navaratnam V, Campbell JA, Glaspole I, Moodley Y, Hopkins P, Mackintosh JA, Ahmad H, Walters EH, Palmer AJ. Long-term exposure to low concentrations of air pollution and decline in lung function in people with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: Evidence from Australia. Respirology 2023; 28:916-924. [PMID: 37433646 PMCID: PMC10946479 DOI: 10.1111/resp.14552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Little is known about the association between ambient air pollution and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) in areas with lower levels of exposure. We aimed to investigate the impact of air pollution on lung function and rapid progression of IPF in Australia. METHODS Participants were recruited from the Australian IPF Registry (n = 570). The impact of air pollution on changes in lung function was assessed using linear mixed models and Cox regression was used to investigate the association with rapid progression. RESULTS Median (25th-75th percentiles) annual fine particulate matter (<2.5 μm, PM2.5 ) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2 ) were 6.8 (5.7, 7.9) μg/m3 and 6.7 (4.9, 8.2) ppb, respectively. Compared to living more than 100 m from a major road, living within 100 m was associated with a 1.3% predicted/year (95% confidence interval [CI] -2.4 to -0.3) faster annual decline in diffusing capacity of the lungs for carbon monoxide (DLco). Each interquartile range (IQR) of 2.2 μg/m3 increase in PM2.5 was associated with a 0.9% predicted/year (95% CI -1.6 to -0.3) faster annual decline in DLco, while there was no association observed with NO2 . There was also no association between air pollution and rapid progression of IPF. CONCLUSION Living near a major road and increased PM2.5 were both associated with an increased rate of annual decline in DLco. This study adds to the evidence supporting the negative effects of air pollution on lung function decline in people with IPF living at low-level concentrations of exposure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Zheng
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of TasmaniaHobartTasmaniaAustralia
- NHMRC Centre of Research Excellence for Pulmonary FibrosisCamperdownNew South WalesAustralia
- Department of Anaesthesiology (High‐Tech Branch)First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical UniversityHefeiAnhuiChina
| | - Ingrid A. Cox
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of TasmaniaHobartTasmaniaAustralia
- NHMRC Centre of Research Excellence for Pulmonary FibrosisCamperdownNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Lucy Leigh
- Hunter Medical Research InstituteNew Lambton HeightsNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Barbara de Graaff
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of TasmaniaHobartTasmaniaAustralia
- NHMRC Centre of Research Excellence for Pulmonary FibrosisCamperdownNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Fay H. Johnston
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of TasmaniaHobartTasmaniaAustralia
| | - Tamera J. Corte
- NHMRC Centre of Research Excellence for Pulmonary FibrosisCamperdownNew South WalesAustralia
- Central Clinical SchoolThe University of SydneyCamperdownNew South WalesAustralia
- Department of Respiratory and Sleep MedicineRoyal Prince Alfred HospitalCamperdownNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Luke D. Knibbs
- School of Public HealthThe University of SydneyCamperdownNew South WalesAustralia
- Public Health Research Analytics and Research Methods for Evidence, Public Health Unit, Sydney Local Health DistrictCamperdownNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Petr Otahal
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of TasmaniaHobartTasmaniaAustralia
| | - Vidya Navaratnam
- Department of Respiratory MedicineSir Charles Gardiner HospitalPerthWestern AustraliaAustralia
- Faculty of Health SciencesCurtin Medical SchoolPerthWestern AustraliaAustralia
| | - Julie A. Campbell
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of TasmaniaHobartTasmaniaAustralia
| | - Ian Glaspole
- Department of Allergy and Respiratory MedicineThe Alfred HospitalMelbourneWestern AustraliaAustralia
- Faculty of MedicineMonash UniversityMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
| | - Yuben Moodley
- Faculty of Health and Medical SciencesThe University of Western AustraliaPerthWestern AustraliaAustralia
- Institute of Respiratory Health, The University of Western AustraliaPerthWestern AustraliaAustralia
- Department of Respiratory MedicineFiona Stanley HospitalMurdochAustralian Capital TerritoryAustralia
| | - Peter Hopkins
- NHMRC Centre of Research Excellence for Pulmonary FibrosisCamperdownNew South WalesAustralia
- Queensland Centre for Pulmonary Transplantation and Vascular Disease, The Prince Charles HospitalChermsideQueenslandAustralia
- Faculty of MedicineUniversity of QueenslandBrisbaneQueenslandAustralia
| | - John A. Mackintosh
- The Prince Charles Hospital, Metro North Hospital and Health ServiceChermsideQueenslandAustralia
| | - Hasnat Ahmad
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of TasmaniaHobartTasmaniaAustralia
- Australian Government Department of Health and Aged Care, Tasmania (TAS) OfficeHobartTasmaniaAustralia
| | - E. Haydn Walters
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of TasmaniaHobartTasmaniaAustralia
- NHMRC Centre of Research Excellence for Pulmonary FibrosisCamperdownNew South WalesAustralia
- School of MedicineUniversity of TasmaniaHobartTasmaniaAustralia
| | - Andrew J. Palmer
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of TasmaniaHobartTasmaniaAustralia
- NHMRC Centre of Research Excellence for Pulmonary FibrosisCamperdownNew South WalesAustralia
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Anyachebelu A, Cabral A, Abdin MI, Choudhury P, Daepp MIG. Characterizing the effects of structural fires on fine particulate matter with a dense sensing network. Sci Rep 2023; 13:12862. [PMID: 37553425 PMCID: PMC10409864 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-38392-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Short-term increases in air pollution levels are linked to large adverse effects on health and productivity. However, existing regulatory monitoring systems lack the spatial or temporal resolution needed to capture localized events. This study uses a dense network of over 100 sensors, deployed across the city of Chicago, Illinois, to capture the spread of smoke from short-term structural fire events. Examining all large structural fires that occurred in the city over a year (N = 21), we characterize differences in PM[Formula: see text] concentrations downwind versus upwind of the fires. On average, we observed increases of up to 10.7 [Formula: see text]g/m[Formula: see text] (95% CI 5.7-15.7) for sensors within 2 km and up to 7.7 [Formula: see text]g/m[Formula: see text] (95% CI 3.4-12.0) for sensors 2-5 km downwind of fires. Statistically significant elevated concentrations were evident as far as 5 km downwind of the location of the fire and persisted over approximately 2 h on average. This work shows how low-cost sensors can provide insight on local and short-term pollution events, enabling regulators to provide timely warnings to vulnerable populations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ayina Anyachebelu
- Department of Civil, Environmental and Geomatic Engineering, University College London, London, WC1E 7HB, UK.
| | - Alex Cabral
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Boston, MA, 02134, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Su M, Li X, Li Z, Hua C, Shang P, Zhao J, Liu K, Xie F. Design of a microfluidic lung chip and its application in assessing the toxicity of formaldehyde. Toxicol Mech Methods 2023; 33:427-436. [PMID: 36573377 DOI: 10.1080/15376516.2022.2159903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
In this work, a microfluidic lung chip with membrane supporting cell growth that can produce multiple concentration gradients of gas and liquid is introduced. The chip is composed of a gas gradient layer in the upper part, a porous membrane supporting cell growth in the middle and a liquid gradient layer in the lower part. The gas-liquid interface environment of the cells on the membrane can expose the cells to the gas in the upper layer and the liquid in the lower layer at the same time. Then, the chip is applied to the toxicity testing of formaldehyde in A549 cells. The results showed that at 6 × 10-5 mol/L formaldehyde, the survival rate of the cells in four channels were 90, 87, 81, and 71%, which shows a dose-response trend under the influence of different concentrations of formaldehyde. ROS staining results also showed that formaldehyde exposure at 6 × 10-5 mol/L lead to the increase of ROS level in the cells. These results suggest that the chip based on cell growth on membrane could be used for toxicological evaluation of environmental polluting gases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Man Su
- Key Laboratory of Tobacco Chemistry, Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute of CNTC, Zhengzhou, P. R. China
| | - Xiang Li
- Key Laboratory of Tobacco Chemistry, Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute of CNTC, Zhengzhou, P. R. China
| | - Zezhi Li
- Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Chenfeng Hua
- Key Laboratory of Tobacco Chemistry, Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute of CNTC, Zhengzhou, P. R. China
| | - Pingping Shang
- Key Laboratory of Tobacco Chemistry, Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute of CNTC, Zhengzhou, P. R. China
| | - Junwei Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Tobacco Chemistry, Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute of CNTC, Zhengzhou, P. R. China
| | - Kejian Liu
- Key Laboratory of Tobacco Chemistry, Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute of CNTC, Zhengzhou, P. R. China
| | - Fuwei Xie
- Key Laboratory of Tobacco Chemistry, Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute of CNTC, Zhengzhou, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Rosser F, Balmes J. Ozone and childhood respiratory health: A primer for US pediatric providers and a call for a more protective standard. Pediatr Pulmonol 2023; 58:1355-1366. [PMID: 36815617 PMCID: PMC10121852 DOI: 10.1002/ppul.26368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
Ground level ozone is a potent respiratory toxicant with decades of accumulated data demonstrating respiratory harms to children. Despite the ubiquity of ozone in the United States, impacting both urban and rural communities, the associated harms of exposure to this important air pollutant are often infrequently or inadequately covered during medical training including pulmonary specialization. Thus, many providers caring for children's respiratory health may have limited knowledge of the harms which may result in reduced discussion of ozone pollution during clinical encounters. Further, the current US air quality standard for ozone does not adequately protect children. In this nonsystematic review, we present basic background information for healthcare providers caring for children's respiratory health, review the US process for setting air quality standards, discuss the respiratory harms of ozone for healthy children and those with underlying respiratory disease, highlight the urgent need for a more protective ozone standard to adequately protect children's respiratory health, review impacts of climate change on ozone levels, and provide information for discussion in clinical encounters.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Franziska Rosser
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pulmonary Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - John Balmes
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
- School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Grant TL, McCormack MC, Peng RD, Keet CA, Rule AM, Davis MF, Newman M, Balcer-Whaley S, Matsui EC. Comprehensive home environmental intervention did not reduce allergen concentrations or controller medication requirements among children in Baltimore. J Asthma 2023; 60:625-634. [PMID: 35657971 PMCID: PMC10424504 DOI: 10.1080/02770903.2022.2083634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Revised: 04/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine if the addition of home environmental control strategies (ECSs) to controller medication titration reduces asthma controller medication requirements and in-home allergen concentrations among children with persistent asthma in Baltimore City. METHODS 155 children ages 5-17 with allergen-sensitized asthma were enrolled in a 6-month randomized clinical trial of multifaceted, individually-tailored ECS plus asthma controller medication titration compared to controller medication titration alone. Participants had to meet criteria for persistent asthma and have had an exacerbation in the previous 18 months. Allergen sensitization (mouse, cockroach, cat, dog, dust mite) was assessed at baseline and home dust allergen concentrations were measured at baseline, 3 and 6 months. ECS was delivered 3-4 times over the trial. Asthma controller medication was titrated using a guidelines-based algorithm at baseline, 2, 4, and 6 months. The primary outcome was controller medication treatment step at 6 months (0-6, as-needed albuterol to high-dose ICS + LABA). RESULTS The population was predominately Black (90%), on public insurance (93%), and male (61%). The mean age was 10.1 years (SD 3.3). More than 70% were sensitized to a rodent, >50% to cockroach, and 70% were polysensitized. At 6 months, there were no differences in either treatment step (3.8 [SD 1.4] vs. 3.7 [SD 1.5]) or allergen concentrations between groups. CONCLUSION Among this predominantly low-income, Black pediatric asthma population, the addition of ECS to controller medication titration reduced neither indoor allergen concentrations nor controller medication requirements compared to controller medication titration alone.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Torie L. Grant
- Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine
| | | | - Roger D. Peng
- Department of Biostatistics, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health
| | - Corinne A. Keet
- Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine
- Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina School of Medicine
| | - Ana M. Rule
- Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health
| | - Meghan F. Davis
- Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health
| | - Michelle Newman
- Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine
| | - Susan Balcer-Whaley
- Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine
- Department of Population Health, The University of Texas at Austin, Dell Medical School
| | - Elizabeth C. Matsui
- Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine
- Department of Population Health, The University of Texas at Austin, Dell Medical School
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Khoshakhlagh AH, Saberi HR, Gruszecka-Kosowska A, Kumar V. Respiratory functions and health risk assessment in inhalational exposure to vinyl acetate in the process of carpet manufacturing using Monte Carlo simulations. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:32560-32572. [PMID: 36469263 PMCID: PMC10017563 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-24469-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Vinyl acetate (VA) is a volatile compound and the main compound of the carpenter's glue. VA causes upper respiratory tract irritation, cough, and hoarseness in occupational exposure. As Iran is one of the biggest carpet producers in the world, this study was carried out to determine the inhalational health risk for employees exposed to VA. To the best of our knowledge, this was the first health risk assessment and the first evaluation of the lung functions and respiratory symptoms in employees exposed to VA. In the six finishing shops of carpet manufacturing industry in Kashan city, Iran the cross-sectional studies were conducted in 2022. The subjects comprised of forty male employees exposed to VA and of forty non-exposed employees in the reference group. VA analyses in the workers' breathing zones were performed based on the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) 1453 Method. VA concentrations were measured using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). Inhalational risk assessment to VA was performed using the United States Environmental Protection Agency method and the Monte Carlo simulations. Respiratory functions were determined using the spirometry indices. In the exposed employees, considerably higher prevalence rates of pulmonary symptoms were observed in comparison with the control group. Statistical analysis showed a remarkable difference between lung function parameters measured in the case and the control groups. The VA Hazard Quotient (HQ) values for all working posts, except the quality control unit, were > 1 indicating the substantial inhalational non-cancerogenic risk. The sensitivity analysis revealed that the VA concentrations and exposure time had the most significant contribution in the uncertainty assessment. Therefore, it is recommended to decrease exposure to VA concentrations and to reduce the working time of exposed employees.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amir Hossein Khoshakhlagh
- Department of Occupational Health Engineering, School of Health, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Hamid Reza Saberi
- Department of Occupational Health Engineering, School of Health, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Agnieszka Gruszecka-Kosowska
- Department of Environmental Protection, Faculty of Geology, Geophysics, and Environmental Protection, AGH University of Science and Technology, Al. Mickiewicza 30, Krakow, 30-059 Poland
| | - Vikas Kumar
- Environmental Engineering Laboratory, Departament d’ Enginyeria Quimica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Av. Països Catalans 26, 43007 Tarragona, Catalonia Spain
- IISPV, Hospital Universitari Sant Joan de Reus, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Wang Q, Chen Z, Huang W, Kou B, Li J. Short-Term Effect of Moderate Level Air Pollution on Outpatient Visits for Multiple Clinic Departments: A Time-Series Analysis in Xi'an China. TOXICS 2023; 11:166. [PMID: 36851041 PMCID: PMC9967132 DOI: 10.3390/toxics11020166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2022] [Revised: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
There is limited evidence concerning the association between air pollution and different outpatient visits in moderately polluted areas. This paper investigates the effects of moderate-level air pollution on outpatient visits associated with six categories of clinic department. We analyzed a total of 1,340,791 outpatient visits for the pediatric, respiratory, ear-nose-throat (ENT), cardiovascular, ophthalmology, and orthopedics departments from January 2016 to December 2018. A distributed lag nonlinear model was used to analyze the associations and was fitted and stratified by age and season (central heating season and nonheating season). We found SO2 had the largest effect on pediatrics visits (RR = 1.105 (95%CI: 1.090, 1.121)). Meanwhile, PM2.5 and SO2 had greater effects on ENT visits for people under 50 years old. The results showed a strong association between O3 and cardiovascular outpatient visits in the nonheating season (RR = 1.273, 95% CI: 1.189,1.358). The results showed every 10 μg/m3 increase in SO2 was associated with a lower number of respiratory outpatient visits. Significant different associations were observed in PM2.5, NO2, CO, and O3 on ophthalmology visits between the heating and nonheating seasons. Although no significant association has been found in existing studies, our findings showed PM2.5 and NO2 were significantly related to orthopedic outpatient visits for people under 60 (RR = 1.063 (95%CI: 1.032, 1.095), RR = 1.055 (95%CI: 1.011, 1.101)). This study also found that the effect-level concentrations of air pollutants for some clinic departments were lower than the national standards, which means that people should also pay more attention when the air quality is normal.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qingnan Wang
- Department of Information Management, School of Management, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China
| | - Zhuo Chen
- College of Public Health, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
- School of Economics, University of Nottingham Ningbo China, Ningbo 315000, China
| | - Wei Huang
- Department of Information Management, School of Management, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China
- College of Business, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Bo Kou
- Department of Otolaryngology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710016, China
| | - Jingwei Li
- Department of Information Management, School of Management, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Odo DB, Yang IA, Dey S, Hammer MS, van Donkelaar A, Martin RV, Dong GH, Yang BY, Hystad P, Knibbs LD. A cross-sectional analysis of long-term exposure to ambient air pollution and cognitive development in children aged 3-4 years living in 12 low- and middle-income countries. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 318:120916. [PMID: 36563987 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.120916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Revised: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to ambient air pollution may affect cognitive functioning and development in children. Unfortunately, there is little evidence available for low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), where air pollution levels are highest. We analysed the association between exposure to ambient fine particulate matter (≤2.5 μm [PM2.5]) and cognitive development indicators in a cross-sectional analysis of children (aged 3-4 years) in 12 LMICs. We linked Demographic and Health Survey data, conducted between 2011 and 2018, with global estimates of PM2.5 mass concentrations to examine annual average exposure to PM2.5 and cognitive development (literacy-numeracy and learning domains) in children. Cognitive development was assessed using the United Nations Children's Fund's early child development indicators administered to each child's mother. We used multivariable logistic regression models, adjusted for individual- and area-level covariates, and multi-pollutant models (including nitrogen dioxide and surface-level ozone). We assessed if sex and urban/rural status modified the association of PM2.5 with the outcome. We included 57,647 children, of whom, 9613 (13.3%) had indicators of cognitive delay. In the adjusted model, a 5 μg/m3 increase in annual all composition PM2.5 was associated with greater odds of cognitive delay (OR = 1.17; 95% CI: 1.13, 1.22). A 5 μg/m3 increase in anthropogenic PM2.5 was also associated with greater odds of cognitive delay (OR = 1.05; 95% CI: 1.00, 1.10). These results were robust to several sensitivity analyses, including multi-pollutant models. Interaction terms showed that urban-dwelling children had greater odds of cognitive delay than rural-dwelling children, while there was no significant difference by sex. Our findings suggest that annual average exposure to PM2.5 in young children was associated with adverse effects on cognitive development, which may have long-term consequences for educational attainment and health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel B Odo
- School of Public Health, The University of Queensland, Herston, QLD 4006, Australia; College of Health Sciences, Arsi University, Asela, Ethiopia.
| | - Ian A Yang
- Thoracic Program, The Prince Charles Hospital, Metro North Hospital and Health Service, Brisbane, Australia; UQ Thoracic Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Sagnik Dey
- Centre for Atmospheric Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi, India; Arun Duggal Centre of Excellence for Research in Climate Change and Air Pollution, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | - Melanie S Hammer
- Department of Energy, Environmental & Chemical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Aaron van Donkelaar
- Department of Energy, Environmental & Chemical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Randall V Martin
- Department of Energy, Environmental & Chemical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Guang-Hui Dong
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Environmental Pollution and Health Risk Assessment, Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Bo-Yi Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Environmental Pollution and Health Risk Assessment, Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Perry Hystad
- College of Public Health and Human Sciences, Oregon State University, USA
| | - Luke D Knibbs
- School of Public Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2006, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Chen S, Xu B, Shi T, Yang Q. Short-term effect of ambient air pollution on outpatient visits for children in Guangzhou, China. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1058368. [PMID: 36741946 PMCID: PMC9895100 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1058368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
This study examined the short-term relationship between ambient air pollutants and children's outpatient visits, and identified the effect of modifications by season. Daily recordings of air pollutants (CO, NO2, O3, SO2, PM10, and PM2.5) and children's outpatient visit data were collected in Guangzhou from 2015 to 2019. A generalized additive model adjusted for potential confounding was introduced to verify the association between ambient air pollution and outpatient visits for children. Subgroup analysis by season was performed to evaluate the potential effects. A total of 5,483,014 children's outpatient visits were recorded. The results showed that a 10 μg/m3 increase in CO, NO2, O3, SO2, PM10, and PM2.5 corresponded with a 0.19% (95% CI: 0.15-0.24%), 2.46% (2.00-2.92%), 0.27% (0.07-0.46%), 7.16% (4.80-9.57%), 1.16% (0.83-1.49%), and 1.35% (0.88-1.82%) increase in children's outpatient visits on the lag0 of exposure, respectively. The relationships were stronger for O3, PM10, and PM2.5 in the warm seasons, and for CO, NO2, and SO2 in the cool seasons. When adjusting for the co-pollutants, the effects of CO, NO2, and PM10 were robust. The results of this study indicate that six air pollutants might increase the risk of children's outpatient visits in Guangzhou, China, especially in the cool season.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sili Chen
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Binhe Xu
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Basic Medicine College, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Tongxing Shi
- Department of Environmental Hygiene, Guangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, China,Department of Environmental Health, Institute of Public Health, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qiaoyuan Yang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China,Department of Environmental Health, Institute of Public Health, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China,*Correspondence: Qiaoyuan Yang ✉
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Rule AM, Koehler KA. Particle Constituents and Oxidative Potential: Insights into Differential Fine Particulate Matter Toxicity. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2022; 206:1310-1312. [PMID: 35947726 PMCID: PMC9746860 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.202208-1513ed] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ana M Rule
- Department of Environmental Health and Engineering Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Kirsten A Koehler
- Department of Environmental Health and Engineering Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health Baltimore, Maryland
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Kim Y, Radoias V. Severe Air Pollution Exposure and Long-Term Health Outcomes. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:14019. [PMID: 36360899 PMCID: PMC9655248 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192114019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Revised: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is a large literature that documents the negative health implications of exposure to air pollution, particularly PM2.5. Much of this literature, however, relies on short-term cross-sectional data, which cannot establish a true causal link between pollution and health. There are also very few studies that document long- and very long-term effects. PURPOSE This study intends to estimate a causal relationship between exposure to severe air pollution and negative health outcomes that persist over long periods of time. METHODS We use a large longitudinal dataset that spans almost 2 decades and that allows us to not only document the persistence of negative health effects, but also a pattern of recovery from a severe pollution episode. We use multivariate regression methods to estimate a causal link between air pollution and health over time. A large pollution shock that occurred in 1997 in Indonesia is used as a natural experiment to pinpoint the true causal effects of pollution exposure and not mere correlations. RESULTS Exposure to an additional unit of pollution in 1997 leads to a loss of roughly six units of lung capacity and to an increase of 4.3% in the probability of being in poor general health, as measured ten years after the pollution exposure. These effects somewhat diminish over time, to a loss of roughly three units of lung capacity and to an increase of only about 3% in the probability of being in poor general health, as measured 17 years after exposure. CONCLUSIONS Our study finds significant health consequences of exposure to air pollution, which persist over long periods of time, with some patterns of recovery. Policymakers should pay special attention to such massive sources of pollution and try to mitigate these negative health consequences.
Collapse
|
20
|
Muttoo S, Jeena PM, Röösli M, de Hoogh K, Meliefste K, Tularam H, Olin AC, Carlsen HK, Mentz G, Asharam K, Naidoo RN. Effect of short-term exposure to ambient nitrogen dioxide and particulate matter on repeated lung function measures in infancy: A South African birth cohort. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 213:113645. [PMID: 35700764 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.113645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The developing lung is highly susceptible to environmental toxicants, with both short- and long-term exposure to ambient air pollutants linked to early childhood effects. This study assessed the short-term exposure effects of nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and particulate matter (PM10) on lung function in infants aged 6 weeks, 6, 12 and 24 months, the early developmental phase of child growth. METHODS Lung function was determined by multiple breath washout and tidal breathing measurement in non-sedated infants. Individual exposure to NO2 and PM10 was determined by hybrid land use regression and dispersion modelling, with two-week average estimates (preceding the test date). Linear mixed models were used to adjust for the repeated measures design and an age*exposure interaction was introduced to obtain effect estimates for each age group. RESULTS There were 165 infants that had lung function testing, with 82 of them having more than one test occasion. Exposure to PM10 (μg/m3) resulted in a decline in tidal volume at 6 weeks [-0.4 ml (-0.9; 0.0), p = 0.065], 6 months [-0.5 ml (-1.0; 0.0), p = 0.046] and 12 months [-0.3 ml (-0.7; 0.0), p = 0.045]. PM10 was related to an increase in respiratory rate and minute ventilation, while a decline was observed for functional residual capacity for the same age groups, though not statistically significant for these outcomes. Such associations were however less evident for exposure to NO2, with inconsistent changes observed across measurement parameters and age groups. CONCLUSION Our study suggests that PM10 results in acute lung function impairments among infants from a low-socioeconomic setting, while the association with NO2 is less convincing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Muttoo
- Discipline of Occupational and Environmental Health, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa.
| | - P M Jeena
- Discipline of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa.
| | - M Röösli
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland.
| | - K de Hoogh
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland.
| | - K Meliefste
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
| | - H Tularam
- Discipline of Occupational and Environmental Health, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa.
| | - A C Olin
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - H K Carlsen
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - G Mentz
- University Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
| | - K Asharam
- Discipline of Occupational and Environmental Health, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa.
| | - R N Naidoo
- Discipline of Occupational and Environmental Health, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Amegbor PM. Early-life environmental exposures and anaemia among children under age five in Sub-Saharan Africa: An insight from the Demographic & Health Surveys. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 832:154957. [PMID: 35367541 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.154957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Revised: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Reports show that the majority (60%) of children under age five years in Sub-Saharan Africa are anaemic. Studies in the region have mainly focused on the effect of individual, maternal and household socioeconomic status on the prevalence of anaemia. Currently, there is limited understanding of the association between early-life environmental exposures and anaemia among children in Sub-Saharan Africa. OBJECTIVE The study examines the association between early-life environmental exposures and anaemia among children under five in Sub-Saharan Africa. METHODS The study used health and demographic data from the Demographic and Health Survey (DHS) program and environmental data from NASA's Geospatial Interactive Online Visualization ANd aNalysis Infrastructure (GIOVANNI) and Atmospheric Composition Analysis Group. Three exposure periods were defined for the study, namely: in-utero, post-utero and cumulative life exposures. Multilevel mixed-effect models were used to assess the associations between environmental exposures and anaemia in each exposure period. RESULTS The findings show that 63% of children in the study were anaemic. It also reveals that mean PM 2.5 exposure for in-utero (34.93 μgm-3), post-utero (35.23 μgm-3) and cumulative exposure (35.08 μgm-3) were seven times higher than the new air quality guideline WHO recommended. A 10 μgm-3 increase in in-utero, post-utero and cumulative PM 2.5 exposures was associated with 4% to 5% increase in the prevalence of anaemia among children. A 10ppbv increase in in-utero, post-utero and cumulative carbon monoxide exposures was associated with 1% increase in the prevalence of anaemia among children. The spatial risk distribution maps show that socioeconomic factors modify the spatial risk distribution pattern. CONCLUSION The findings of the study suggest that early-life exposure to ambient air pollution is significantly associated with anaemia among children in Sub-Saharan Africa. Thus, policies aimed at addressing air quality should be incorporated into targeted interventions for anaemia among children in the region.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Prince M Amegbor
- Big Data Centre for Environment and Health (BERTHA), Aarhus University, Frederiksborgvej 399, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark; Department of Environmental Science, Aarhus University, Frederiksborgvej 399, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
He M, Zhong Y, Chen Y, Zhong N, Lai K. Association of short-term exposure to air pollution with emergency visits for respiratory diseases in children. iScience 2022; 25:104879. [PMID: 36065191 PMCID: PMC9440288 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.104879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Revised: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Ambient air pollutants are health hazards to children. This study comprised 773,504 emergency department visits (EDVs) at 0–14 years of age with respiratory diseases in southern China. All air pollutants were positively associated with EDVs of total respiratory diseases, especially pneumonia. NO2, PM10, and PM2.5 had intraday effects and cumulative effects on asthma EDVs. The effect of SO2, PM10, and PM2.5 on pneumonia EDVs was stronger in girls than in boys. The effect of NO2 on acute upper respiratory tract infection EDVs was greater in children aged 0–5 years old; however, the effect of PM10 on acute upper respiratory tract infection EDVs was greater in the 6–14 years group. In a two-pollutant model, NO2 was associated with bronchitis and pneumonia, and PM10 was associated with acute upper respiratory tract infection. In this time-series study, NO2 and PM10 were risk indicators for respiratory diseases in children. Air pollution associates with children emergency visits for respiratory diseases NO2 and PM10 are risk indicators for respiratory diseases in children Young children are more sensitive to gaseous pollutants School-age children are more sensitive to PM10
Collapse
|
23
|
Landrigan PJ, Fisher S, Kenny ME, Gedeon B, Bryan L, Mu J, Bellinger D. A replicable strategy for mapping air pollution's community-level health impacts and catalyzing prevention. Environ Health 2022; 21:70. [PMID: 35843932 PMCID: PMC9288863 DOI: 10.1186/s12940-022-00879-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Air pollution was responsible for an estimated 6.7 million deaths globally in 2019 and 197,000 deaths in the United States. Fossil fuel combustion is the major source. HYPOTHESIS Mapping air pollution's health impacts at the community level using publicly available data and open-source software will provide a replicable strategy for catalyzing pollution prevention. METHODS Using EPA's Environmental Benefits Mapping and Analysis (BenMAP-CE) software and state data, we quantified the effects of airborne fine particulate matter (PM2.5) pollution on disease, death and children's cognitive function (IQ Loss) in each city and town in Massachusetts. To develop a first-order estimate of PM2.5 pollution's impact on child IQ, we derived a concentration-response coefficient through literature review. FINDINGS The annual mean PM2.5 concentration in Massachusetts in 2019 was 6.3 μg/M3, a level below EPA's standard of 12 μg/M3 and above WHO's guideline of 5 μg/M3. In adults, PM2.5 pollution was responsible for an estimated 2780 (Confidence Interval [CI] 2726 - 2853) deaths: 1677 (CI, 1346 - 1926) from cardiovascular disease, 2185 (CI, 941-3409) from lung cancer, 200 (CI, 66-316) from stroke, and 343 (CI, 222-458) from chronic respiratory disease. In children, PM2.5 pollution was responsible for 308 (CI, 105-471) low-weight births, 15,386 (CJ, 5433-23,483) asthma cases, and a provisionally estimated loss of nearly 2 million Performance IQ points; IQ loss impairs children's school performance, reduces graduation rates and decreases lifetime earnings. Air-pollution-related disease, death and IQ loss were most severe in low-income, minority communities, but occurred in every city and town in Massachusetts regardless of location, demographics or median family income. CONCLUSION Disease, death and IQ loss occur at air pollution exposure levels below current EPA standards. Prevention of disease and premature death and preservation of children's cognitive function will require that EPA air quality standards be tightened. Enduring prevention will require government-incentivized transition to renewable energy coupled with phase-outs of subsidies and tax breaks for fossil fuels. Highly localized information on air pollution's impacts on health and on children's cognitive function has potential to catalyze pollution prevention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Philip J Landrigan
- Global Observatory on Pollution and Health, Boston College, Boston, MA, USA.
- Centre Scientifique de Monaco, Monaco, MC, Monaco.
| | - Samantha Fisher
- Global Observatory on Pollution and Health, Boston College, Boston, MA, USA
- Environmental; Epidemiology Program, City University of New York, New York, USA
| | - Maureen E Kenny
- Lynch School of Education and Human Development, Boston College, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Brittney Gedeon
- Morrissey College of Arts and Sciences, Boston College, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Luke Bryan
- Morrissey College of Arts and Sciences, Boston College, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jenna Mu
- Morrissey College of Arts and Sciences, Boston College, Boston, MA, USA
| | - David Bellinger
- Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Rai PK, Sarkar S, Bandyopadhyay B, Kumar P. Oxidation of HOSO˙ by O 2 ( 3Σ g-): a key reaction deciding the fate of HOSO˙ in the atmosphere. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:16274-16280. [PMID: 35758329 DOI: 10.1039/d2cp00001f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In the present work, we have studied the oxidation of HOSO˙ by O2 (3Σg-) employing quantum chemical and kinetic calculations. The present work reveals that HOSO˙ + O2 (3Σg-) is a barrierless reaction which proceeds through a stable hydrogen-bonded complex. The estimated atmospheric lifetime of HOSO˙ in the presence of O2 (3Σg-) is found to be several orders of magnitude less compared to the other oxidation paths of HOSO˙, suggesting that the oxidation of HOSO˙ by O2 (3Σg-) might be the most dominant oxidation path of HOSO˙ in the atmosphere.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Philips Kumar Rai
- Department of Chemistry, Malaviya National Institute of Technology Jaipur, Jaipur, 302017, India.
| | - Saptarshi Sarkar
- Department of Chemistry, Malaviya National Institute of Technology Jaipur, Jaipur, 302017, India.
| | - Biman Bandyopadhyay
- Department of Chemistry, Malaviya National Institute of Technology Jaipur, Jaipur, 302017, India.
| | - Pradeep Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Malaviya National Institute of Technology Jaipur, Jaipur, 302017, India.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Yang X, Wang Q, Han F, Dong B, Wen B, Li L, Ruan H, Zhang S, Kong J, Zhi H, Wang C, Wang J, Zhang M, Xu D. Pulmonary Benefits of Intervention with Air Cleaner among Schoolchildren in Beijing: A Randomized Double-Blind Crossover Study. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2022; 56:7185-7193. [PMID: 34491046 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.1c03146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
We conducted a crossover study employing air cleaner intervention among 125 schoolchildren aged 9-12 years in a boarding school in Beijing, China. The PM concentrations were monitored, and 27 biomarkers were analyzed. We used the linear mixed-effects model to evaluate the association of intervention/time-weighted PM concentrations with biomarkers. The outcomes showed that air cleaner intervention was associated with FeNO, exhaled breath condensate (EBC) IL-1β, and IL-6, which decreased by 12.57%, 10.83%, and 4.33%, respectively. Similar results were observed in the associations with PMs. Lag 1 day PMs had the strongest relationship with biomarkers, and significant changes were observed in biomarkers such as FEV1, FeNO, EBC 8-iso, and MCP-1. Boys showed higher percentage changes than girls, and the related biomarkers were FeNO, EBC 4-HNE, IL-1β, IL-6, and MCP-1. The results showed that biomarkers such as FeNO, EBC IL-6, MCP-1, and 4-HNE could sensitively reflect the early abnormal response of the respiratory system under short-term PM exposure among healthy schoolchildren and indicated that (1) air cleaners exert a protective effect on children's respiratory system. (2) PM had lag and cumulative effect, lag 1 day had the greatest effect. (3) The boys were more sensitive than the girls.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Yang
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Human Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100021, China
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Qin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Human Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100021, China
- Department of Air Quality and Health Monitoring, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Feng Han
- National Institute of Occupational Health and Poison Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Bin Dong
- Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Bo Wen
- Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Li Li
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Human Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100021, China
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Hongjie Ruan
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Human Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100021, China
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Shaoping Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Human Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100021, China
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Jian Kong
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Human Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100021, China
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Hong Zhi
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Human Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100021, China
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Chong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Human Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100021, China
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Jun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Human Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100021, China
- Department of Environmental Chemistry, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Ming Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Human Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100021, China
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Dongqun Xu
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Human Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100021, China
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Blayac M, Coll P, Urbach V, Fanen P, Epaud R, Lanone S. The Impact of Air Pollution on the Course of Cystic Fibrosis: A Review. Front Physiol 2022; 13:908230. [PMID: 35721541 PMCID: PMC9202997 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.908230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a lethal and widespread autosomal recessive disorder affecting over 80,000 people worldwide. It is caused by mutations of the CFTR gene, which encodes an epithelial anion channel. CF is characterized by a great phenotypic variability which is currently not fully understood. Although CF is genetically determined, the course of the disease might also depend on multiple other factors. Air pollution, whose effects on health and contribution to respiratory diseases are well established, is one environmental factor suspected to modulate the disease severity and influence the lung phenotype of CF patients. This is of particular interest as pulmonary failure is the primary cause of death in CF. The present review discusses current knowledge on the impact of air pollution on CF pathogenesis and aims to explore the underlying cellular and biological mechanisms involved in these effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marion Blayac
- Univ Paris Est Creteil, INSERM, IMRB, Creteil, France
| | - Patrice Coll
- Université Paris Cité and Univ Paris Est Créteil, CNRS, LISA, Paris, France
| | | | - Pascale Fanen
- Univ Paris Est Creteil, INSERM, IMRB, Creteil, France
- AP-HP, Hopital Henri-Mondor, Service Génétique, Creteil, France
| | - Ralph Epaud
- Univ Paris Est Creteil, INSERM, IMRB, Creteil, France
- Centre Hospitalier Intercommunal, Centre des Maladies Respiratoires Rares (RespiRare®)-CRCM, Creteil, France
| | - Sophie Lanone
- Univ Paris Est Creteil, INSERM, IMRB, Creteil, France
- *Correspondence: Sophie Lanone,
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Wu R, Guo Q, Fan J, Guo C, Wang G, Wu W, Xu J. Association between air pollution and outpatient visits for allergic rhinitis: Effect modification by ambient temperature and relative humidity. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 821:152960. [PMID: 35016948 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.152960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Revised: 01/02/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Mounting evidence indicated the associations between air pollution and outpatient visits for allergic rhinitis (AR), while few studies assessed the effect modification of these associations by ambient temperature and relative humidity (RH). In this study, dataset of AR outpatients was obtained from Chinese People's Liberation Army Strategic Support Force Characteristic Medical Center in Beijing during 2014 to 2019, and the average concentrations of air pollutants including particulate matter ≤2.5 μm in diameter (PM2.5) and ≤10 μm (PM10), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), sulfur dioxide (SO2), and meteorological factors (temperature and RH) at the same period were collected from one nearby air monitoring station. We performed a time-series study with Poisson regression model to examine the effects of air pollutants on AR outpatients after adjustment for potential confounders. And the effects modification analysis was further conducted by stratifying temperature and RH by tertiles into three groups of low, middle and high. In total of 33,599 outpatient visits for AR were recorded during the study period. Results found that a 10 μg/m3 increase in PM2.5, PM10, NO2 and SO2 was associated with significant increases in AR outpatients of 1.24% (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.69%, 1.78%), 0.79% (95% CI: 0.43%, 1.15%), 3.05% (95% CI: 1.72%, 4.40%) and 5.01% (95% CI: 1.18%, 8.96%), respectively. Stronger associations were observed in males than those in females, as well as in young adults (18-44 years) than those in other age groups. Air pollution effects on AR outpatients increased markedly at low temperature (<33.3th percentile) and high RH (>66.7th percentile). Findings in this study indicate that air pollution is associated with increased risk of AR outpatients, and the effects of air pollution on AR could be enhanced at low temperature and high RH.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rongshan Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Ecological Effect and Risk Assessment of Chemicals, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China; Center for Environmental Health Risk Assessment and Research, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Qun Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Ecological Effect and Risk Assessment of Chemicals, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China; Center for Environmental Health Risk Assessment and Research, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Jingpu Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Ecological Effect and Risk Assessment of Chemicals, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China; Center for Environmental Health Risk Assessment and Research, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Changsheng Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Ecological Effect and Risk Assessment of Chemicals, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China; Center for Environmental Health Risk Assessment and Research, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Gang Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology, Strategic Support Force Medical Center, Beijing 100005, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Sense Organ Stress and Health, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Wei Wu
- Department of Otolaryngology, Strategic Support Force Medical Center, Beijing 100005, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Sense Organ Stress and Health, Beijing 100005, China.
| | - Jian Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Ecological Effect and Risk Assessment of Chemicals, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China; Center for Environmental Health Risk Assessment and Research, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China.
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Liu WY, Yi JP, Shi L, Tung TH. Association Between Air Pollutants and Pediatric Respiratory Outpatient Visits in Zhoushan, China. Front Public Health 2022; 10:865798. [PMID: 35444995 PMCID: PMC9014799 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.865798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective This study aimed to explore the time-series relationship between air pollutants and the number of children's respiratory outpatient visits in coastal cities. Methods We used time series analysis to investigate the association between air pollution levels and pediatric respiratory outpatient visits in Zhoushan city, China. The population was selected from children aged 0–18 who had been in pediatric respiratory clinics for eight consecutive years from 2014 to 2020. After describing the population and weather characteristics, a lag model was used to explore the relationship between outpatient visits and air pollution. Results We recorded annual outpatient visits for different respiratory diseases in children. The best synergy lag model found a 10 μg/m3 increase in PM2.5 for every 4–10% increase in the number of pediatric respiratory outpatient visits (P < 0.05). The cumulative effect of an increase in the number of daily pediatric respiratory clinics with a lag of 1–7 days was the best model. Conclusions PM2.5 is significantly related to the number of respiratory outpatient visits of children, which can aid in formulating policies for health resource allocation and health risk assessment strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Yi Liu
- Department of Health Policy Management, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States.,Institute for Hospital Management, Tsing Hua University, Shenzhen, China.,Shanghai Bluecross Medical Science Institute, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing-Ping Yi
- Zhoushan Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Zhoushan, China
| | - Leiyu Shi
- Department of Health Policy Management, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Tao-Hsin Tung
- Evidence-Based Medicine Center, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, China
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Galderisi A, Perilongo G, Caprio S, Da Dalt L, Di Salvo G, Gatta M, Giaquinto C, Rizzuto R, Robb A, Sly PD, Simonelli A, Staiano A, Vettor R, Baraldi E. Pediatric Preventive Care in Middle-High Resource Countries-The Padova Chart for Health in Children. Front Pediatr 2022; 10:803323. [PMID: 35498805 PMCID: PMC9047691 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2022.803323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Importance The Padova Chart for Health in Children (PCHC) aims to gather the evidence of healthcare promotion and protection for chidren and adolescents (i.e., aged <18 y) into a single document in order to guide families, healthcare providers and social actors on healthy choices. No more than 2% of Europeans and North Americans aged <30 y have a healthy lifestyle. This, together with metabolic and brain plasticity during childhood, creates the ideal opportunity to implement preventive strategies. Guided interventions promoting healthy lifestyle in children and families therefore have a key role in abating the unprecedented pandemic of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) in adulthood. Observations The PCHC is divided into four sections: nutrition, cardiovascular health, respiratory health, and mental and social health. Each section is structured in an ALICE approach (assessment, lobbying, intervention, call-for-action, evaluation): assessment of necessity, describing relevance to healthcare; lobbying to identify those who can effect the proposed interventions; interventions involving family, school and peers; a call-for-action to define priorities among the proposed interventions; and objective evaluation measures that can be applied on a population basis. Conclusions and Relevance Interventions promoting health in childhood require joint action from multiple institutional, local and family representatives, with the shared goal of promoting health across the entire age group. These lifestyle interventions have the potential to change the lifetime risk trajectory for NCDs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alfonso Galderisi
- Department of Woman and Child's Health, University Hospital of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Giorgio Perilongo
- Department of Woman and Child's Health, University Hospital of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Sonia Caprio
- Department of Pediatrics, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Liviana Da Dalt
- Department of Woman and Child's Health, University Hospital of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Giovanni Di Salvo
- Department of Woman and Child's Health, University Hospital of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Michela Gatta
- Department of Woman and Child's Health, University Hospital of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Carlo Giaquinto
- Department of Woman and Child's Health, University Hospital of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Rosario Rizzuto
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Adelaide Robb
- Division of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Peter David Sly
- Children's Health and Environment Program, Child Health Research Centre, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Alessandra Simonelli
- Department of Developmental Psychology and Socialization, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Annamaria Staiano
- Department of Translational Medical Science, Section of Pediatrics, University Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Roberto Vettor
- Department of Medicine, University Hospital of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Eugenio Baraldi
- Department of Woman and Child's Health, University Hospital of Padova, Padova, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Querdibitty CD, Wetherill MS, Sisson SB, Williams B, Aithinne K, Seo H, Inhofe NR, Campbell J, Slawinski M, Salvatore AL. Cleaning Products Commonly Used in Oklahoma Family Child Care Homes: Implications for Respiratory Risk and Children's Health. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19074299. [PMID: 35409980 PMCID: PMC8998885 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19074299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Revised: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Little is known about the cleaning products used by early care and education programs that contribute to childhood asthma, particularly in Oklahoma where rates of uncontrolled asthma are higher than national rates (60.0% vs. 50.3%, respectively). We conducted a cross-sectional study of cleaning products used by Oklahoma-licensed family child care homes (FCCHs) (n = 50) to characterize and identify potential respiratory-health risks associated with chemical contents. Overall, 386 chemicals were abstracted from the 132 reported products. Of these, 100 unique chemicals were identified. Four percent (4.2%) of providers used a product with a sensitizer that may cause allergy or asthma symptoms if inhaled and 35.4% used a product with an irritant that may cause irritation to the respiratory tract. Most (62.5%) reported using a product with a chemical that had a C=C double bond in its molecular structure that may make it highly reactive with other substances in the air and produce secondary air pollutants and 83.3% reported using a sodium hypochlorite containing product. Twenty-three percent reported products that contain carcinogens. Policy, educational, and technical assistance interventions are needed to promote the use of safer products and reduce respiratory and other health risks posed by chemicals in Oklahoma FCCHs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cassandra D. Querdibitty
- Department of Health Promotion Sciences, Hudson College of Public Health, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 801 N.E. 13th Street, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA; (C.D.Q.); (M.S.W.); (H.S.); (M.S.)
| | - Marianna S. Wetherill
- Department of Health Promotion Sciences, Hudson College of Public Health, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 801 N.E. 13th Street, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA; (C.D.Q.); (M.S.W.); (H.S.); (M.S.)
| | - Susan B. Sisson
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, College of Allied Health, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 1200 N. Stonewall Ave., Oklahoma City, OK 73114, USA; (S.B.S.); (B.W.)
| | - Bethany Williams
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, College of Allied Health, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 1200 N. Stonewall Ave., Oklahoma City, OK 73114, USA; (S.B.S.); (B.W.)
- Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, Elson S. Floyd College of Medicine, Washington State University Health Sciences Spokane, 412 E. Spokane Falls Blvd., Spokane, WA 99202, USA
| | - Kan Aithinne
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Hudson College of Public Health, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 801 N.E. 13th Street, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA;
| | - Haeyn Seo
- Department of Health Promotion Sciences, Hudson College of Public Health, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 801 N.E. 13th Street, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA; (C.D.Q.); (M.S.W.); (H.S.); (M.S.)
| | - Nancy R. Inhofe
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center-Tulsa, 4444 E. 41st Street, Tulsa, OK 74135, USA;
| | - Janis Campbell
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Hudson College of Public Health, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 801 N.E. 13th Street, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA;
| | - Megan Slawinski
- Department of Health Promotion Sciences, Hudson College of Public Health, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 801 N.E. 13th Street, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA; (C.D.Q.); (M.S.W.); (H.S.); (M.S.)
| | - Alicia L. Salvatore
- Department of Health Promotion Sciences, Hudson College of Public Health, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 801 N.E. 13th Street, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA; (C.D.Q.); (M.S.W.); (H.S.); (M.S.)
- Institute for Research on Equity and Community Health (iREACH), Christiana Care, Avenue North, 4000 Nexus Drive, CEI-300, Wilmington, DE 19803, USA
- Department of Human Development and Family Sciences, University of Delaware, 111 Alison Hall West, Newark, DE 19716, USA
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Senthilkumar N, Gilfether M, Chang HH, Russell AG, Mulholland J. Using land use variable information and a random forest approach to correct spatial mean bias in fused CMAQ fields for particulate and gas species. ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT (OXFORD, ENGLAND : 1994) 2022; 274:118982. [PMID: 38131016 PMCID: PMC10735214 DOI: 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2022.118982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Accurate spatiotemporal air pollution fields are essential for health impact and epidemiologic studies. There are an increasing number of studies that have combined observational data with spatiotemporally complete air pollution simulations. Land-use, speciated gaseous and particulate pollutant concentrations and chemical transport modeling are fused using a random forest approach to construct daily air quality fields for 12 pollutants (CO, NOx, NO2, SO2, O3, PM2.5, PM10, and PM2.5 constituents: SO42-, NO3-, NH4+, EC and OC) between 2005 and 2014 for the continental United States with little spatial or temporal bias. R2 ranged from 0.45 to 0.96, depending upon pollutant. Additional analysis found that temporal R2 ranged from 0.84 to 0.99 and spatial R2 values ranged from 0.76 to 0.96 across species. Four-fold cross-validation was performed to assess the model's predictive power, and ranged from 0.40 for PM10 to 0.94 for SO4 with other pollutants falling within this range. Largest improvements were found for PM10 which had substantial bias in the CMAQ fields that varied east-to-west; smallest improvements were for SO4 which was already well simulated. The random forest model results to correct the simulation biases, while largely consistent year-to-year, did show slight variation due in part to changes in the distribution of monitors and changes in CMAQ simulation inputs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Niru Senthilkumar
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - Mark Gilfether
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - Howard H. Chang
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Armistead G. Russell
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - James Mulholland
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Stapleton A, Casas M, García J, García R, Sunyer J, Guerra S, Abellan A, Lavi I, Dobaño C, Vidal M, Gascon M. Associations between pre- and postnatal exposure to air pollution and lung health in children and assessment of CC16 as a potential mediator. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 204:111900. [PMID: 34419474 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.111900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Early life exposure to air pollution can affect lung health. Previous studies have not assessed the implications of both pre- and postnatal exposure to air pollutants on lung function at repeated ages during childhood. In addition, there is the need to identify potential mediators of such effect. OBJECTIVES To longitudinally assess the association between pre- and postnatal air pollution exposure and lung function during childhood. We also aimed to explore the role of Club cell secretory protein (CC16) as a potential mediator in this association. METHODOLOGY We included 487 mother-child pairs from the INMA (INfancia y Medio Ambiente) Sabadell birth cohort, recruited between 2004 and 2006. Air pollution exposure was estimated for pregnancy, pre-school age, and school-age using temporally adjusted land use regression (LUR) modelling. Lung function was measured at ages 4, 7, 9 and 11 by spirometry. At age 4, serum CC16 levels were determined in 287 children. Multivariable linear regression models and linear mixed modelling were applied, while considering potential confounders. RESULTS Prenatal exposure to Particulate Matter (PM)10 and PMcoarse had the most consistent associations with reduced lung function in cross-sectional models. Associations with postnatal exposure were less consistent. Increasing CC16 levels at 4 years were associated with an increase in FEF25-75 (β = 120.4 mL, 95% CI: 6.30, 234.5) from 4 to 11 years of age. No statistically significant associations were found between pre- or postnatal air pollution and CC16 at age 4. CONCLUSION Increasing levels of air pollution exposure, particularly prenatal PM10 and PMcoarse exposure, were associated with a reduction in lung function. We were not able to confirm our hypothesis on the mediation role of CC16 in this association, however our results encourage further exploration of this possibility in future studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Stapleton
- Maastricht University, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, the Netherlands
| | - Maribel Casas
- ISGlobal, Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain; CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Spain
| | - Judith García
- ISGlobal, Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain; CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Spain
| | - Raquel García
- ISGlobal, Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain; CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Spain
| | - Jordi Sunyer
- ISGlobal, Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain; CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Spain
| | - Stefano Guerra
- ISGlobal, Barcelona, Spain; Asthma and Airway Disease Research Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Alicia Abellan
- ISGlobal, Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain; Fundació Institut Universitari per a la recerca a l'Atenció Primària de Salut Jordi Gol i Gurina (IDIAPJGol), Barcelona, Spain; Spanish Consortium for research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Carlota Dobaño
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Marta Vidal
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Mireia Gascon
- ISGlobal, Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain; CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Nelin T, Burris HH. In Utero Exposure to Air Pollution May Increase the Risk of Neonatal Hyperbilirubinemia. J Pediatr 2022; 242:8-9. [PMID: 34838580 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2021.11.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Timothy Nelin
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Heather H Burris
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Department of Pediatrics, Center of Excellence in Environmental Toxicology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Lim DK, Jeon JS, Jang TS, Kim JK. Association between climatic factors and respiratory syncytial virus detection rates in Cheonan, Korea. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:13315-13322. [PMID: 34585349 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-16546-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The use of big data may facilitate the recognition and interpretation of causal relationships between disease occurrence and climatic variables. This study examined the effects of various climatic variables on the seasonal epidemiology of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infections in the temperate climate of Korea. Trends in RSV detection were analyzed using 9010 samples tested between January 1, 2012, and December 31, 2018, at Dankook University Hospital in Cheonan, Korea. Seasonal patterns in RSV detection frequency were compared with local climatic variables during the same period. RSV detection rate of 12.8% (n = 1150/9010) was observed, which was higher for RSV-A (7.1%) than RSV-B (5.8%) and RSV-A and RSV-B alternated each year. Children < 1 year exhibited high infection rates with RSV-A (68.5%) and RSV-B (58.7%). RSV-A and RSV-B infection rates in children under 9 years old were 96.2% and 92.1%, respectively. RSV had a significant relationship with several climatic factors. Air temperature, wind chill temperature, and particulate matter concentration were lower on days with a higher frequency of RSV detection. In contrast, atmospheric pressure was higher on days with lower RSV detection. Although the detection rates for RSV-A and RSV-B increased on days with lower air temperatures, those for RSV-B also increased on days with lower wind chill temperatures. Our findings suggest that climatic variables affect the RSV detection rate among children under 10 years of age. The present data may help predict the time when prevention strategies may be the most effective.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dong Kyu Lim
- Department of Medical Laser, Dankook University Graduate School of Medicine, Cheonan-si, South Korea
| | - Jae-Sik Jeon
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, College of Health Sciences, Dankook University, Cheonan-si, South Korea
| | - Tae Su Jang
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan-si, South Korea
| | - Jae Kyung Kim
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, College of Health Sciences, Dankook University, Cheonan-si, South Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Veivers D, Williams GM, Toelle BG, de Waterman AMC, Guo Y, Denison L, Yang BY, Dong GH, Jalaludin B, Marks GB, Knibbs LD. The Indoor Environment and Otitis Media among Australian Children: A National Cross-Sectional Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19031551. [PMID: 35162576 PMCID: PMC8835613 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19031551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Revised: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The association between the indoor environment and lifetime prevalence of otitis media (OM) in Australian children was assessed. We analysed data from a cross-sectional study of children, aged 7–11 years, performed in twelve Australian cities during 2007–2008. The main outcome was a parental report of their child’s diagnosis with OM by a doctor. Information on the indoor environment (energy sources used for heating, cooling, and cooking, pets, and second-hand smoke exposure), in the first year of life and at present, was collected from parents by a questionnaire. Multi-level logistic regression models were used to adjust for individual- and area-level confounders. Our analysis comprised 2872 children (51% female, mean age: 10.0 (SD 1.2)). Of those, 1097 (39%) were reported to have OM. Exposure to gas heating in the first year of life was significantly associated with higher odds of OM in adjusted models (OR:1.22; 95% CI: 1.00,1.47), as was current exposure to reverse-cycle air conditioning (OR: 1.52, 95% CI: 1.27,1.82). Ownership of a cat or dog at any time was also associated with high odds of OM (OR: 1.50; 95% CI: 1.17,1.92). No other significant associations were observed. In this national study of Australian children, indoor environmental exposures associated with the lifetime prevalence of OM were gas heating, reverse-cycle air conditioning and pet ownership. Exposures in both early life and later childhood may both play a role in OM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David Veivers
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Public Health, The University of Queensland, Herston, QLD 4006, Australia;
- Northern Clinical School, The University of Sydney, St. Leonards, Sydney, NSW 2065, Australia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +61-2-94360012
| | - Gail M. Williams
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Public Health, The University of Queensland, Herston, QLD 4006, Australia;
| | - Brett G. Toelle
- Sydney Local Health District, Sydney, NSW 2050, Australia;
- Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; (A.M.C.d.W.); (B.J.); (G.B.M.)
| | - Adriana M. Cortés de Waterman
- Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; (A.M.C.d.W.); (B.J.); (G.B.M.)
| | - Yuming Guo
- Centre for Air Pollution, Energy and Health Research, Glebe, NSW 2037, Australia; (Y.G.); (L.D.K.)
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
| | - Lyn Denison
- ERM Services Australia, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia;
| | - Bo-Yi Yang
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health Risk Assessment, Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China;
| | - Guang-Hui Dong
- Population Health, South Western Sydney Local Health District, Liverpool, NSW 2170, Australia;
| | - Bin Jalaludin
- Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; (A.M.C.d.W.); (B.J.); (G.B.M.)
- Centre for Air Pollution, Energy and Health Research, Glebe, NSW 2037, Australia; (Y.G.); (L.D.K.)
- Population Health, South Western Sydney Local Health District, Liverpool, NSW 2170, Australia;
- Ingham Institute, Liverpool, NSW 2170, Australia
| | - Guy B. Marks
- Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; (A.M.C.d.W.); (B.J.); (G.B.M.)
- Centre for Air Pollution, Energy and Health Research, Glebe, NSW 2037, Australia; (Y.G.); (L.D.K.)
- South Western Sydney Clinical School, The University of New South Wales, Liverpool, NSW 2170, Australia
| | - Luke D. Knibbs
- Centre for Air Pollution, Energy and Health Research, Glebe, NSW 2037, Australia; (Y.G.); (L.D.K.)
- School of Public Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2006, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Gladson LA, Cromar KR, Ghazipura M, Knowland KE, Keller CA, Duncan B. Communicating respiratory health risk among children using a global air quality index. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2022; 159:107023. [PMID: 34920275 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2021.107023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Revised: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Air pollution poses a serious threat to children's respiratory health around the world. Satellite remote-sensing technology and air quality models can provide pollution data on a global scale, necessary for risk communication efforts in regions without ground-based monitoring networks. Several large centers, including NASA, produce global pollution forecasts that may be used alongside air quality indices to communicate local, daily risk information to the public. Here we present a health-based, globally applicable air quality index developed specifically to reflect the respiratory health risks among children exposed to elevated outdoor air pollution. Additive, excess-risk air quality indices were developed using 51 different coefficients derived from time-series health studies evaluating the impacts of ambient fine particulate matter, nitrogen dioxide, and ozone on children's respiratory morbidity outcomes. A total of four indices were created which varied based on whether or not the underlying studies controlled for co-pollutants and in the adjustment of excess risks of individual pollutants. Combined with historical estimates of air pollution provided globally at a 25 × 25 km2 spatial resolution from the NASA's Goddard Earth Observing System composition forecast (GEOS-CF) model, each of these indices were examined in a global sample of 664 small and 140 large cities for study year 2017. Adjusted indices presented the most normal distributions of locally-scaled index values, which has been shown to improve associations with health risks, while indices based on coefficients controlling for co-pollutants had little effect on index performance. We provide the steps and resources need to apply our final adjusted index at the local level using freely-available forecasting data from the GEOS-CF model, which can provide risk communication information for cities around the world to better inform individual behavior modification to best protect children's respiratory health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura A Gladson
- Marron Institute of Urban Management, New York University, New York, USA; New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Kevin R Cromar
- Marron Institute of Urban Management, New York University, New York, USA; New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Marya Ghazipura
- Marron Institute of Urban Management, New York University, New York, USA; New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - K Emma Knowland
- Universities Space Research Association, Columbia, MD, USA; NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USA
| | - Christoph A Keller
- Universities Space Research Association, Columbia, MD, USA; NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USA
| | - Bryan Duncan
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USA
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Relationship between Wildfire Smoke and Children’s Respiratory Health in the Metropolitan Cities of Central-Chile. ATMOSPHERE 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/atmos13010058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Wildfire causes multiple problems for people living in cities. One of them is the deterioration of air quality as a result of wildfire smoke. This smoke can consequently have effects on human health. The present study aims to characterize the relationship between the occurrence of wildfires in central Chile and the effects on children’s respiratory health. Public databases provided the number of emergency care visits, wildfires, and concentration of air pollutants, demographics and meteorological variables for the regions of Santiago and Valparaiso from 2010 to 2013. Time series analysis was used monthly on health care visits to determine the relative health risk in children when in the presence of additional wildfires. Significant health risks were observed in Santiago for children younger than 1-year-old of bronchitis (RR 1.007, CI 95% 1.007–1.008; chronic lower respiratory diseases (RR 1.012, CI 95% 1.012–1.013); and pneumonia (RR 1.026 CI 95% 1.026–1.027) and in children aged one to four years old (RR 1.016 CI 95% 1.015–1.016). A dose-response relationship was also observed for pneumonia, showing that it affects younger children particularly when there is an increase in the number of wildfires. In the Region of Valparaíso, wildfires did not significantly change the risk of respiratory illness, this could be due to favorable ventilation. Currently, Santiago has an urgent need for monitoring and the evaluation of the damage to children’s respiratory health, along with the development of comprehensive prevention strategies.
Collapse
|
38
|
Wu IP, Liao SL, Lai SH, Wong KS. The Respiratory Impacts of Air Pollution in Children: Global and Domestic (Taiwan) Situation. Biomed J 2021; 45:88-94. [PMID: 34929408 PMCID: PMC9133359 DOI: 10.1016/j.bj.2021.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Air pollution is a global issue that threatens the health of human beings. Epidemiologic reports have shown air pollution exposures to result in millions of deaths annually. Infancy and childhood, the period of organ and lung development, is most susceptible to these environmental hazards; as a result, the risks of respiratory diseases are increased after air pollution exposure. These pollutants can originate from indoor and ambient environment, presenting as vapor or particles, and differ in chemical compositions. This review will give brief introduction to various major pollutants and their origin, as well the correlation with respiratory diseases after exposure. We will also present several current facts in domestic area (Taiwan), regarding the status of local air-pollution, and discuss its impacts on pediatric respiratory health. This report will provide useful information for clinicians and offer advice for policy makers to develop public health guidelines of pollution control and prevention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- I-Ping Wu
- Departments of Respiratory Therapy, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Sui-Ling Liao
- Division of Pediatric Pulmonology, Department of Pediatric, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, Taiwan; Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Shen-Hao Lai
- Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
| | - Kin-Sun Wong
- Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Impact of prenatal and early life environmental exposures on normal human development. Paediatr Respir Rev 2021; 40:10-14. [PMID: 34148806 DOI: 10.1016/j.prrv.2021.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The global burden and pattern of disease has changed in recent decades, with fewer early childhood deaths and longer lives complicated by chronic disease. Disruption of normal human growth and development by adverse environmental exposures, especially during foetal development and early postnatal life increase life-long risk of chronic disease. The developmental timing and method of adverse exposure determines the likely impact on health and development. While many organ systems are structurally and functionally mature at birth, the CNS, respiratory and immune systems are not and undergo prolonged periods of postnatal growth and development. As such, these organ systems are vulnerable to adverse effects of both prenatal and postnatal environmental exposures. While the precise mechanisms underlying chronic disease are unknown, epigenetic mechanisms and the induction of oxidative stress are likely to be involved. An understanding of these processes is necessary to develop mitigation strategies aimed at reducing chronic disease prevalence.
Collapse
|
40
|
Christian H, Lester L, Trost SG, Schipperijn J, Pereira G, Franklin P, Wheeler AJ. Traffic exposure, air pollution and children's physical activity at early childhood education and care. Int J Hyg Environ Health 2021; 240:113885. [PMID: 34847452 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2021.113885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Revised: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A significant number of children attend Early Childhood Education and Care (ECEC). ECEC is an important environment and behaviour setting for young children. Time spent outdoors is positively associated with children's physical activity levels, yet increased time spent physically active outdoors may expose young children to traffic-related air pollution, particularly in ECEC centres located in high traffic areas. METHODS This study was part of the Play Spaces and Environments for Children's Physical Activity (PLAYCE) study, Perth, Western Australia. Data from 22 ECEC centres and 478 children were collected. Continuous measures of indoor and outdoor fine particulate matter (PM2.5) were conducted for 48-72 h in each ECEC. Children wore ActiGraph GT3X + accelerometers to measure their physical activity at ECEC. The total length of high traffic roads within a 300m road network service area buffer around each ECEC was used to identify high and low traffic centres. RESULTS Outdoor PM2.5 concentrations peaked in the afternoon (1pm, 2pm and 6pm) at ECEC centres. Outdoor and indoor PM2.5 concentrations were significantly higher for centres located in high compared with low traffic areas (both p < 0.05). There was no significant association between a centre being located in a high or low traffic area and the time preschoolers spent outdoors or their physical activity levels. DISCUSSION Time periods when air pollution concentrations in ECECs are highest correspond with times when preschoolers are likely to be physically active outdoors. Children's potential exposure to traffic-related air pollutants is occurring during a period of rapid lung development. Given there is no evidence of a safe level of exposure to PM2.5 or a threshold below which no adverse health effects occur, careful planning should be a consideration to avoid locating ECEC centres in high traffic areas.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hayley Christian
- Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia; School of Population and Global Health, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia.
| | - Leanne Lester
- School of Human Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia.
| | - Stewart G Trost
- School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.
| | - Jasper Schipperijn
- Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.
| | - Gavin Pereira
- Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia; School of Public Health, Curtin University, Perth, Australia; Centre for Fertility and Health (CeFH), Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Peter Franklin
- School of Population and Global Health, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia.
| | - Amanda J Wheeler
- Mary MacKillop Institute for Health Research, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Sly PD, Vilcins D. Climate impacts on air quality and child health and wellbeing: Implications for Oceania. J Paediatr Child Health 2021; 57:1805-1810. [PMID: 34792251 DOI: 10.1111/jpc.15650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Despite the enormous gains in reducing child mortality resulting from the United Nations Millennium Development Goals, in some ways children's future wellbeing has never been under greater threat. Climate and environmental change, primarily driven by poor air quality, represents a major threat to child health and wellbeing, through both direct and indirect effects. Climate change has multiple environmental consequences impacting negatively on child health and wellbeing, including increases in ambient temperature, rising atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) , altered distribution of rainfall, ocean warming, rising sea level and more frequent and severe adverse weather events. Multiple pathways link these exposures to a wide variety of adverse health outcomes. Countries in Oceania are especially likely to be subjected to the effects of increases in ambient temperature, altered distribution of rainfall, ocean warming and sea level rise. These changes pose a significant risk to children and provide a moral imperative for us to act to protect child health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peter D Sly
- Child Health Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Dwan Vilcins
- Child Health Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Shaw OM, Sawyer GM, Hurst RD, Dinnan H, Martell S. Dietary New Zealand propolis supplementation reduced proinflammatory cytokines in an acute mouse model of air pollution exposure, without impacting on immune cell infiltration or lung function. J Funct Foods 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2021.104722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
|
43
|
Zhao D, Chen M, Shi K, Ma M, Huang Y, Shen J. A long short-term memory-fully connected (LSTM-FC) neural network for predicting the incidence of bronchopneumonia in children. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:56892-56905. [PMID: 34076817 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-14632-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Bronchopneumonia is the most common infectious disease in children, and it seriously endangers children's health. In this paper, a deep neural network combining long short-term memory (LSTM) layers and fully connected layers was proposed to predict the prevalence of bronchopneumonia in children in Chengdu based on environmental factors and previous prevalence rates. The mean square error (MSE), mean absolute error (MAE), and Pearson correlation coefficient (R) were used to detect the performance of the deep learning model. The values of MSE, MAE, and R in the test dataset are 0.0051, 0.053, and 0.846, respectively. The results show that the proposed model can accurately predict the prevalence of bronchopneumonia in children. We also compared the proposed model with three other models, namely, a fully connected (FC) layer neural network, a random forest model, and a support vector machine. The results show that the proposed model achieves better performance than the three other models by capturing time series and mitigating the lag effect.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dongzhe Zhao
- Chongqing Jinfo Mountain Karst Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, School of Geographical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Remote Sensing Big Data Application, School of Geographical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Min Chen
- Key Laboratory of Virtual Geographic Environment (Ministry of Education), Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210046, China
| | - Kaifang Shi
- Chongqing Jinfo Mountain Karst Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, School of Geographical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Remote Sensing Big Data Application, School of Geographical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Mingguo Ma
- Chongqing Jinfo Mountain Karst Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, School of Geographical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Remote Sensing Big Data Application, School of Geographical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Yang Huang
- Chongqing Jinfo Mountain Karst Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, School of Geographical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Remote Sensing Big Data Application, School of Geographical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Jingwei Shen
- Chongqing Jinfo Mountain Karst Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, School of Geographical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China.
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Remote Sensing Big Data Application, School of Geographical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China.
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Li Y, Li C, Liu J, Meng C, Xu C, Liu Z, Wang Q, Liu Y, Han J, Xu D. An association between PM 2.5 and pediatric respiratory outpatient visits in four Chinese cities. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 280:130843. [PMID: 34162098 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.130843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Revised: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The effects of exposure to particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter less than 2.5 μm (PM2.5) on children's respiratory system were investigated in numerous epidemiological literatures. However, studies on the association between PM2.5 and pediatric outpatient visits for respiratory diseases, especially considering the multicenter studies were limited in China. OBJECTIVES To study the association between the short-term exposure to PM2.5 and the number of children's outpatient visits for respiratory diseases in four Chinese cities as well as the pooled health effects. METHODS Data of pediatric outpatient visits for respiratory diseases (RD, ICD: J00-J99) from representative hospitals in Shijiazhuang (SJZ), Xi'an (XA), Nanjing (NJ) and Guangzhou (GZ) in China from 2015 to 2018 were collected and the air quality data for the same period were collected from environmental protection departments. Generalized additive model (GAM) with quasi-Poisson regression was conducted to analyze the effects of PM2.5 on the number of pediatric outpatient visits in each city. Single-day lag model (lag0 to lag7) and moving average lag model (lag01 and lag07) were used to examine the lag effects and cumulative effects. Random-effects meta-analysis was used to pool the estimated risks of four cities. The interactions between PM2.5 and temperature were also explored. RESULTS The average daily/total outpatient visits for RD, in SJZ, XA, NJ and GZ from 2015 to 2018 were 854.2/1,245,384, 2353.9/3,439,025, 1267.2/1,851,438 and 1399.5/2,044,740 respectively. The percentages of acute upper respiratory infections (URD, ICD: J00-J06) and other acute lower respiratory infections (LRD, ICD: J20-J22) in RD were 33%, 13% (SJZ), 43%, 32% (XA), 26%, 21% (NJ) and 54%, 26% (GZ). The largest pooled estimates of single-day lag effects for RD, URD, and LRD were at lag0, lag0 and lag1. Every 10 μg/m3 increase in PM2.5 concentration was associated with a 0.46% (95%CI: 0.21%-0.70%), 0.50% (95%CI: 0.19%-0.81%) and 0.42% (95%CI: 0.06%-0.79%) increased number of outpatient visits significantly. While max cumulative effects which were all at lag 07 were 1.10% (95%CI: 0.46%-1.74%), 0.96% (95%CI: 0.20%-1.73%) and 1.06% (95%CI: 0.12%-2.00%). Less polluted cities (GZ and NJ) showed greater city-specific excess risks, but the excess risks significantly decreased after adjusting for NO2 in two-pollutant models. Generally, PM2.5 showed larger health hazards on lower temperature days. CONCLUSIONS Our study showed that exposure to the ambient PM2.5 was associated with the increase of the number of outpatient visits with pediatric respiratory diseases in four Chinese cities. The health effects of PM2.5 may not be independent of other air pollutants and could be modified by temperature.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yawei Li
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, China
| | - Chengcheng Li
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, China
| | - Jingyi Liu
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, China
| | - Congshen Meng
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, China
| | - Chunyu Xu
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, China
| | - Zhe Liu
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, China
| | - Qin Wang
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, China
| | - Yue Liu
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, China
| | - Jingxiu Han
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, China.
| | - Dongqun Xu
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, China.
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Stenson C, Wheeler AJ, Carver A, Donaire-Gonzalez D, Alvarado-Molina M, Nieuwenhuijsen M, Tham R. The impact of Traffic-Related air pollution on child and adolescent academic Performance: A systematic review. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2021; 155:106696. [PMID: 34144475 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2021.106696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Revised: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The negative health impacts of traffic-related air pollution (TRAP) have been investigated for many decades, however, less attention has been paid to the effect of TRAP on children's academic performance. Understanding the TRAP-academic performance relationship will assist in identifying mechanisms for improving students' learning and aid policy makers in developing guidance for protecting children in school environments. METHODS This systematic review assessed the relationship between TRAP and academic performance. Web of Science, PubMed, CINAHL, Medline, PsycINFO, SPORTDiscus, Scopus and ERIC databases were searched for relevant, peer reviewed, articles published in English. Articles assessing exposure to TRAP pollutants (through direct measurement, local air quality monitoring, modelling, or road proximity/density proxy measures) and academic performance (using standardised tests) in children and adolescents were included. Risk of bias was assessed within and between studies. RESULTS Of 3519 search results, 10 relevant articles were included. Nine studies reported that increased exposure to some TRAP was associated with poorer student academic performance. Study methodologies were highly heterogeneous and no consistent patterns of association between specific pollutants, age groups, learning domains, exposure windows, and exposure locations were established. There was a serious risk of bias within individual studies and confidence in the body of evidence was low. CONCLUSIONS This review found evidence suggestive of a negative association between TRAP and academic performance. However, the quality of this evidence was low. The existing body of literature is small, lacks the inclusion of high-quality exposure measures, and presents limitations in reporting. Future research should focus on using valid and reliable exposure measures, individual-level data, consistent controlling for confounders and longitudinal study designs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chloe Stenson
- Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Netherlands
| | - Amanda J Wheeler
- Mary MacKillop Institute for Health Research, Australian Catholic University, Australia
| | - Alison Carver
- Mary MacKillop Institute for Health Research, Australian Catholic University, Australia
| | | | | | - Mark Nieuwenhuijsen
- Mary MacKillop Institute for Health Research, Australian Catholic University, Australia; Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), Barcelona, Spain; Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain; CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Rachel Tham
- Mary MacKillop Institute for Health Research, Australian Catholic University, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Querdibitty CD, Williams B, Wetherill MS, Sisson SB, Campbell J, Gowin M, Stephens L, Salvatore AL. Environmental Health-Related Policies and Practices of Oklahoma Licensed Early Care and Education Programs: Implications for Childhood Asthma. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18168491. [PMID: 34444242 PMCID: PMC8391589 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18168491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Revised: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Little is known about the environmental health-related policies and practices of early care and education (ECE) programs that contribute to childhood asthma, particularly in Oklahoma where child asthma rates (9.8%) and rates of uncontrolled asthma among children with asthma (60.0%) surpass national rates (8.1% and 50.3%, respectively). We conducted a cross-sectional survey with directors of Oklahoma-licensed ECE programs to assess policies and practices related to asthma control and to evaluate potential differences between Centers and Family Childcare Homes (FCCHs). Surveyed ECEs (n = 476) included Centers (56.7%), FCCHs (40.6%), and other program types (2.7%). Almost half (47.2%) of directors reported never receiving any asthma training. More Center directors were asthma-trained than FCCH directors (61.0% versus 42.0%, p < 0.0001). Most ECEs used asthma triggers, including bleach (88.5%) and air fresheners (73.6%). Centers were more likely to use bleach daily than were FCCHs (75.6% versus 66.8%, p = 0.04). FCCHs used air fresheners more than did Centers (79.0% versus 61.0%, p < 0.0001). The majority of ECEs (74.8%) used pesticides indoors. Centers applied indoor pesticides more frequently (i.e., monthly or more often) than did FCCHs (86.0% versus 58.0%, p < 0.0001). Policy, educational, and technical assistance interventions are needed to reduce asthma triggers and improve asthma control in Oklahoma ECEs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cassandra D. Querdibitty
- Department of Health Promotion Sciences, Hudson College of Public Health, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 801 N.E. 13th Street, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA; (C.D.Q.); (M.S.W.); (L.S.)
| | - Bethany Williams
- Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, Elson S. Floyd College of Medicine, Washington State University Health Sciences Spokane, 412 E. Spokane Falls Blvd., Spokane, WA 99202, USA;
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, College of Allied Health, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 1200 N. Stonewall Ave., Oklahoma City, OK 73114, USA;
| | - Marianna S. Wetherill
- Department of Health Promotion Sciences, Hudson College of Public Health, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 801 N.E. 13th Street, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA; (C.D.Q.); (M.S.W.); (L.S.)
| | - Susan B. Sisson
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, College of Allied Health, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 1200 N. Stonewall Ave., Oklahoma City, OK 73114, USA;
| | - Janis Campbell
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Hudson College of Public Health, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 801 N.E. 13th Street, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA;
| | - Mary Gowin
- Department of Family & Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Oklahoma, 900 N.E. 10th Street, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA;
| | - Lancer Stephens
- Department of Health Promotion Sciences, Hudson College of Public Health, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 801 N.E. 13th Street, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA; (C.D.Q.); (M.S.W.); (L.S.)
| | - Alicia L. Salvatore
- Department of Health Promotion Sciences, Hudson College of Public Health, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 801 N.E. 13th Street, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA; (C.D.Q.); (M.S.W.); (L.S.)
- Institute for Research on Equity and Community Health (iREACH), ChristianaCare, Avenue North, 4000 Nexus Drive, CEI-300, Wilmington, DE 19803, USA
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Brown L, Barnes J, Hayes E. Traffic-related air pollution reduction at UK schools during the Covid-19 lockdown. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 780:146651. [PMID: 34030317 PMCID: PMC8580804 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.146651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Revised: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Elevated urban Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2) is a consequence of road traffic and other fossil-fuel combustion sources, and the road transport sector provides a significant contribution to UK NO2 emissions. The inhalation of traffic-related air pollution, including NO2, can cause a range of problems to human health. Due to their developing organs, children are particularly susceptible to the negative effects of air pollution inhalation. Accordingly, schools and associated travel behaviours present an important area of study for the reduction of child exposure to these harmful pollutants. COVID-19 reached the UK in late January 2020. On the 23rd of March that year, the UK government announced a nationwide stay-at-home order, or lockdown, banning all non-essential travel and contact with people outside of their own homes. The lockdown was accompanied by the closure of schools, public facilities, amenities, businesses and places of worship. The current study aims to assess the significance of nationwide NO2 reductions at schools in England as a consequence of the lockdown in order to highlight the benefits of associated behavioural changes within the context of schools in England and potential child exposure. NO2 data were collected from all AURN (Automatic Urban and Rural Network) monitoring sites within 500 m of nurseries, primary schools, secondary schools and colleges in England. A significant reduction of mean NO2 concentrations was observed in the first month of the UK lockdown at background (-35.13%) and traffic (-40.82%) sites. Whilst lockdown restrictions are undoubtedly unsustainable, the study results demonstrate the possible reductions of NO2 at schools in England and potential reductions of child exposure that are achievable when public behaviours shift towards active travel, work from home policies and generally lower use of polluting vehicles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Louis Brown
- Air Quality Management Resource Centre (AQMRC), University of the West of England (UWE Bristol), Frenchay Campus, Coldharbour Lane, Bristol BS16 1QY, UK.
| | - Jo Barnes
- Air Quality Management Resource Centre (AQMRC), University of the West of England (UWE Bristol), Frenchay Campus, Coldharbour Lane, Bristol BS16 1QY, UK
| | - Enda Hayes
- Air Quality Management Resource Centre (AQMRC), University of the West of England (UWE Bristol), Frenchay Campus, Coldharbour Lane, Bristol BS16 1QY, UK
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Amoatey P, Al-Mayahi A, Al-Harthy I, Al-Jabri K, Addi MN, Siddiqi SA, Sulaiman H, Al-Mamun A, Baawain MS. Characterization and exposure assessment to urban air toxics across Middle Eastern and North African countries: a review. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2021; 193:529. [PMID: 34322756 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-021-09229-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Middle East and North African (MENA) countries over the decades are experiencing rapid industrial and infrastructural growth combined with being the global hub of oil and gas industries. These economic transformations are associated with release of air pollutants including urban air toxics (UAT) through industrial, traffic, and constructional activities into ambient urban environments. UAT concentrations levels may exacerbate in most MENA countries considering high number of vehicular traffic populations and petrochemical industries which are one of the main sources of this pollutant. Therefore, the main objective of the study is to review major findings of UAT levels in urban areas across thirteen (13) MENA countries. The study characterizes various measured UAT, assesses their concentrations in ambient environment, and identifies their major sources of emissions by reviewing more than 100 relevant UAT papers across the selected MENA countries. It was found that benzene, heavy metals, formaldehyde, and dioxin-like compounds are the most reported UAT. The study concluded that road traffic, fuel stations, and petrochemical industries were identified as the main sources of ambient UAT levels. It was further reported that most of the studies were based on short-term ambient environment with limited studies in indoor environments. Therefore, it is highly recommended that future research should focus on innovative health impact assessment and epidemiological studies from exposure to UAT levels. Also embarking on sustainable mitigation approaches through urban greenery, eco-industrial estates infrastructural developments, and renewable energy shares will reduce UAT levels and improve human health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Amoatey
- Department of Civil and Architectural Engineering, College of Engineering, Sultan Qaboos University, P.O. Box 33 P.C. 123, Al-Khoudh, Muscat, Oman
| | - Ahmed Al-Mayahi
- Department of Soils, Water and Agricultural Engineering, College of Agriculture, Sultan Qaboos University, P.O. Box 34 P.C. 123, Al-Khoudh, Muscat, Oman
| | - Issa Al-Harthy
- Department of Civil and Architectural Engineering, College of Engineering, Sultan Qaboos University, P.O. Box 33 P.C. 123, Al-Khoudh, Muscat, Oman
| | - Khalifa Al-Jabri
- Department of Civil and Architectural Engineering, College of Engineering, Sultan Qaboos University, P.O. Box 33 P.C. 123, Al-Khoudh, Muscat, Oman.
| | - Maxwell Nana Addi
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana
| | - Sajjad Ahmad Siddiqi
- Department of Civil and Architectural Engineering, College of Engineering, Sultan Qaboos University, P.O. Box 33 P.C. 123, Al-Khoudh, Muscat, Oman
| | - Hameed Sulaiman
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Sultan Qaboos University, P.O. Box 36 P.C. 123, Al-Khoudh, Muscat, Oman
| | - Abdullah Al-Mamun
- Department of Civil and Architectural Engineering, College of Engineering, Sultan Qaboos University, P.O. Box 33 P.C. 123, Al-Khoudh, Muscat, Oman
| | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Le HTCH, Dang TN, Ware R, Phung D, Thai PK, Sly PD, Le An P. Using the health beliefs model to explore children's attitudes and beliefs on air pollution. Public Health 2021; 196:4-9. [PMID: 34126559 DOI: 10.1016/j.puhe.2021.04.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Revised: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Traffic-related air pollution (TRAP) negatively impacts children's health. Self-protective measures are available, but population uptake is variable. It is essential to understand human beliefs and behaviours related to air pollution in order to understand the lack of self-protection in communities. As a prelude to undertaking a comprehensive assessment of children's attitudes and beliefs on the health effects of TRAP exposure, we sought to develop and validate an appropriate instrument. STUDY DESIGN This study used exploratory sequential mixed methods. METHODS This instrument, based on the constructs of the health belief model (HBM), aimed to determine factors predicting wearing a mask to protect against TRAP exposure. An initial literature-based questionnaire was modified using in-depth interviews, focus group discussions, and a quantitative survey pilot. This study included 121 school students and nine professional experts in Vietnam. The questionnaire was tested for content validity, agreement, test-retest reliability, and internal consistency. RESULTS The concordance of questionnaire items between two repeated assessments ranged from 47.2% to 78.3%, intraclass correlation coefficients ranged from 0.16 to 0.87 and Cronbach's internal reliability coefficient for the instrument was 0.60. CONCLUSION The self-administered instrument, based on the HBM, is suitable to understand health attitudes and beliefs related to self-protective behaviours to reduce TRAP exposure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H T C H Le
- Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Australia; Children's Health and Environment Program, Centre for Children's Health Research, Queensland, Australia
| | - T N Dang
- Department of Environmental Health, University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
| | - R Ware
- Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Australia
| | - D Phung
- Centre for Environment and Population Health, Griffith University, Australia
| | - P K Thai
- Queensland Alliance for Environmental Health Sciences (QAEHS), The University of Queensland, Australia
| | - P D Sly
- Children's Health and Environment Program, Centre for Children's Health Research, Queensland, Australia
| | - P Le An
- Centre for the Training of Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam.
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Grineski S, Collins T, Renteria R, Rubio R. Multigenerational immigrant trajectories and children's unequal exposure to fine particulate matter in the US. Soc Sci Med 2021; 282:114108. [PMID: 34144435 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2021.114108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 02/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Fine particulate matter is a serious health threat and exposures are particularly damaging for children. The environmental justice (EJ) literature shows that racial/ethnic minority communities experience disproportionate exposure to particulate pollution in the US. While important, those EJ studies tend to neglect people's complex identities, including their nativity and their families' generational histories of residence in the US. Yet there is growing interest in the intersection of immigrant populations and EJ. Our use of individual-level data enables examination of immigrant generational status by race/ethnicity, which provides insights on the intergenerational persistence of environmental injustice. We pair data on 12,570 US third graders (from 2013 to 2014) collected through the Early Childhood Longitudinal Survey with PM2.5 concentrations for the census tracts of their home and school locations. We apply generalized estimating equations to test for intergenerational disparities in exposure and to examine how those disparities vary between racial/ethnic groups. Independent of race/ethnicity, first- and second-generation children have greater PM2.5 exposure than 2.5- and third-generation children. However, generational status disparities in exposures vary based on race/ethnicity. First-generation White children face greater exposure than White children of later generational statuses, with inequalities attenuating by the second generation. In contrast, Hispanic/Latinx children experience no significant drop in exposure until the third generation. Among Asian and Black children, generational status was not a significant determinant of exposure. Results quantify the intergenerational persistence of environmental injustices for persons of color while showing the amelioration of inequalities for Whites after just one generation is born in the US, reflecting another facet of White privilege in the US.
Collapse
|