1
|
Rodrigo S, Costi S, Ellul P, Aubart M, Boddaert N, Auvin S, Elmaleh M, Ntorkou A, Bader-Meunier B, Lebon V, Melki I, Chiron C. Brain 18 F-FDG PET reveals cortico-subcortical hypermetabolic dysfunction in juvenile neuropsychiatric systemic lupus erythematosus. EJNMMI Res 2024; 14:34. [PMID: 38564068 PMCID: PMC10987444 DOI: 10.1186/s13550-024-01088-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In juvenile systemic lupus erythematosus (j-SLE) with neuropsychiatric (NP) symptoms, there is a lack of diagnostic biomarkers. Thus, we study whether PET-FDG may identify any metabolic dysfunction in j-NPSLE. METHODS A total of 19 18FDG-PET exams were consecutively performed using PET-MRI system in 11 non-sedated patients presenting with j-NPSLE (11-18y) for less than 18 months (m) and without any significant lesion at MRI. Psychiatric symptoms were scored from 0 (none) to 3 (severe) at PET time. PET images were visually analyzed and voxel-based analyses of cerebral glucose metabolism were performed using statistical parametric mapping (spm) with an age-matched control group, at threshold set > 50 voxels using both p < 0.001 uncorrected (unc.) and p < 0.05 corrected family wise error (FWE). RESULTS Patients exhibited mainly psychiatric symptoms, with diffuse inflammatory j-NPSLE. First PET (n = 11) was performed at a mean of 15y of age, second/third PET (n = 7/n = 1) 6 to 19 m later. PET individual analysis detected focal bilateral anomalies in 13/19 exams visually but 19/19 using spm (unc.), mostly hypermetabolic areas (18/19). A total of 15% of hypermetabolic areas identified by spm had been missed visually. PET group analysis (n = 19) did not identify any hypometabolic area, but a large bilateral cortico-subcortical hypermetabolic pattern including, by statistical decreasing order (unc.), thalamus, subthalamic brainstem, cerebellum (vermis and cortex), basal ganglia, visual, temporal and frontal cortices. Mostly the subcortical hypermetabolism survived to FWE analysis, being most intense and extensive (51% of total volume) in thalamus and subthalamus brainstem. Hypermetabolism was strictly subcortical in the most severe NP subgroup (n = 8, scores 2-3) whereas it also extended to cerebral cortex, mostly visual, in the less severe subgroup (n = 11, scores 0-1), but difference was not significant. Longitudinal visual analysis was inconclusive due to clinical heterogeneity. CONCLUSIONS j-NPSLE patients showed a robust bilateral cortico-subcortical hypermetabolic network, focused subcortically, particularly in thalamus, proportionally to psychiatric features severity. Further studies with larger, but homogeneous, cohorts are needed to determine the sensitivity and specificity of this dysfunctional pattern as a potential biomarker in diffuse inflammatory j-NPSLE with normal brain MRI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Rodrigo
- CEA, SHFJ (Frederic Joliot Hospital), Orsay, France
- Biomedical Multimodal Imaging (BioMaps) Laboratory, CEA, INSERM, CNRS, and Paris-Saclay University, Orsay, France
| | - Stefania Costi
- Pediatric Rheumatology Unit, ASST-PINI-CTO (Regional Health Care and Social Agency Gaetano Pini), Milan, Italy
| | - Pierre Ellul
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, APHP, Robert Debré Hospital, Paris-Cité University, Paris, France
- Immunology-Immunopathology-Immunotherapy (i3) Laboratory, INSERM UMR-S 959 and Sorbonne University, Paris, France
| | - Melodie Aubart
- Pediatric Neurology, APHP, Hospital Necker for Sick Children, Paris-Cité University, Paris, France
- INSERM U1163, Imagine Institute, Paris, France
| | - Nathalie Boddaert
- INSERM U1163, Imagine Institute, Paris, France
- Pediatric Radiology, APHP, Hospital Necker for Sick Children, Paris-Cité University, Paris, France
| | - Stephane Auvin
- Pediatric Neurology, APHP, Robert Debré Hospital, Paris-Cité University, Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), Paris, France
| | - Monique Elmaleh
- Pediatric Radiology, APHP, Robert Debré Hospital, Paris-Cité University, Paris, France
- INSERM U1141 Neurodiderot and Neurospin Institute, Paris, France
| | - Alexandra Ntorkou
- Pediatric Radiology, APHP, Robert Debré Hospital, Paris-Cité University, Paris, France
| | - Brigitte Bader-Meunier
- INSERM U1163, Imagine Institute, Paris, France
- Pediatric Immunology and Rhumatology, APHP, Hospital Necker for Sick Children, Paris, France
| | - Vincent Lebon
- CEA, SHFJ (Frederic Joliot Hospital), Orsay, France
- Biomedical Multimodal Imaging (BioMaps) Laboratory, CEA, INSERM, CNRS, and Paris-Saclay University, Orsay, France
| | - Isabelle Melki
- INSERM U1163, Imagine Institute, Paris, France
- Robert Debré Hospital, General Pediatrics, Infectious Disease and Internal Medicine Department, Reference center for Rheumatic, APHP, AutoImmune and Systemic diseases in children (RAISE), Paris, France
- Paediatrics, Rheumatology and Paediatric Internal Medicine, Children's Hospital, Bordeaux, France
| | - Catherine Chiron
- CEA, SHFJ (Frederic Joliot Hospital), Orsay, France.
- Pediatric Neurology, APHP, Hospital Necker for Sick Children, Paris-Cité University, Paris, France.
- INSERM U1141 Neurodiderot and Neurospin Institute, Paris, France.
- Service Hospitalier Frederic Joliot (INSERM U1141), 4 Place du General Leclerc, Orsay, 91400, France.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Millevert C, Vidas-Guscic N, Vanherp L, Jonckers E, Verhoye M, Staelens S, Bertoglio D, Weckhuysen S. Resting-State Functional MRI and PET Imaging as Noninvasive Tools to Study (Ab)Normal Neurodevelopment in Humans and Rodents. J Neurosci 2023; 43:8275-8293. [PMID: 38073598 PMCID: PMC10711730 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1043-23.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs) are a group of complex neurologic and psychiatric disorders. Functional and molecular imaging techniques, such as resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) and positron emission tomography (PET), can be used to measure network activity noninvasively and longitudinally during maturation in both humans and rodent models. Here, we review the current knowledge on rs-fMRI and PET biomarkers in the study of normal and abnormal neurodevelopment, including intellectual disability (ID; with/without epilepsy), autism spectrum disorder (ASD), and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), in humans and rodent models from birth until adulthood, and evaluate the cross-species translational value of the imaging biomarkers. To date, only a few isolated studies have used rs-fMRI or PET to study (abnormal) neurodevelopment in rodents during infancy, the critical period of neurodevelopment. Further work to explore the feasibility of performing functional imaging studies in infant rodent models is essential, as rs-fMRI and PET imaging in transgenic rodent models of NDDs are powerful techniques for studying disease pathogenesis, developing noninvasive preclinical imaging biomarkers of neurodevelopmental dysfunction, and evaluating treatment-response in disease-specific models.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Charissa Millevert
- Applied & Translational Neurogenomics Group, Vlaams Instituut voor Biotechnology (VIB) Center for Molecular Neurology, VIB, Antwerp 2610, Belgium
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Antwerp, Antwerp 2610, Belgium
- µNEURO Research Centre of Excellence, University of Antwerp, Antwerp 2610, Belgium
| | - Nicholas Vidas-Guscic
- Bio-Imaging Lab, University of Antwerp, Antwerp 2610, Belgium
- µNEURO Research Centre of Excellence, University of Antwerp, Antwerp 2610, Belgium
| | - Liesbeth Vanherp
- µNEURO Research Centre of Excellence, University of Antwerp, Antwerp 2610, Belgium
| | - Elisabeth Jonckers
- Bio-Imaging Lab, University of Antwerp, Antwerp 2610, Belgium
- µNEURO Research Centre of Excellence, University of Antwerp, Antwerp 2610, Belgium
| | - Marleen Verhoye
- Bio-Imaging Lab, University of Antwerp, Antwerp 2610, Belgium
- µNEURO Research Centre of Excellence, University of Antwerp, Antwerp 2610, Belgium
| | - Steven Staelens
- Molecular Imaging Center Antwerp (MICA), University of Antwerp, Antwerp 2610, Belgium
- µNEURO Research Centre of Excellence, University of Antwerp, Antwerp 2610, Belgium
| | - Daniele Bertoglio
- Bio-Imaging Lab, University of Antwerp, Antwerp 2610, Belgium
- Molecular Imaging Center Antwerp (MICA), University of Antwerp, Antwerp 2610, Belgium
- µNEURO Research Centre of Excellence, University of Antwerp, Antwerp 2610, Belgium
| | - Sarah Weckhuysen
- Applied & Translational Neurogenomics Group, Vlaams Instituut voor Biotechnology (VIB) Center for Molecular Neurology, VIB, Antwerp 2610, Belgium
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Antwerp, Antwerp 2610, Belgium
- µNEURO Research Centre of Excellence, University of Antwerp, Antwerp 2610, Belgium
- Translational Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, University of Antwerp, Antwerp 2610, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Takahashi M, Akamatsu G, Iwao Y, Tashima H, Yoshida E, Yamaya T. Small nuclei identification with a hemispherical brain PET. EJNMMI Phys 2022; 9:69. [PMID: 36209191 PMCID: PMC9547762 DOI: 10.1186/s40658-022-00498-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To confirm the performance of the first hemispherical positron emission tomography (PET) for the brain (Vrain) that we developed to visualise the small nuclei in the deep brain area, we compared 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) brain images with whole-body PET images. METHODS Ten healthy male volunteers (aged 22-45 years) underwent a representative clinical whole-body PET, followed by Vrain each for 10 min. These two scans were initiated 30 min and 45 min after FDG injection (4.1 ± 0.5 MBq/kg), respectively. First, we visually identified the small nuclei and then compared their standardised uptake values (SUVs) with the participants' age. Next, the SUVs of each brain region, which were determined by applying a volume-of-interest template for anatomically normalised PET images, were compared between the brain images with the Vrain and those with the whole-body PET images. RESULTS Small nuclei, such as the inferior colliculus, red nucleus, and substantia nigra, were more clearly visualised in Vrain than in whole-body PET. The anterior nucleus and dorsomedial nucleus in the thalamus and raphe nucleus in the brainstem were identified in Vrain but not in whole-body PET. The SUVs of the inferior colliculus and dentate gyrus in the cerebellum positively correlated with age (Spearman's correlation coefficient r = 0.811, p = 0.004; r = 0.738, p = 0.015, respectively). The SUVs of Vrain were slightly higher in the mesial temporal and medial parietal lobes than those in whole-body PET. CONCLUSIONS This was the first time that the raphe nuclei, anterior nuclei, and dorsomedial nuclei were successfully visualised using the first hemispherical brain PET. TRIAL REGISTRATION : Japan Registry of Clinical Trials, jRCTs032210086, Registered 13 May 2021, https://jrct.niph.go.jp/latest-detail/jRCTs032210086 .
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Miwako Takahashi
- Department of Advanced Nuclear Medicine Sciences, Institute for Quantum Medical Science, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology (QST), 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba, 263-8555, Japan.
| | - Go Akamatsu
- Department of Advanced Nuclear Medicine Sciences, Institute for Quantum Medical Science, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology (QST), 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba, 263-8555, Japan
| | - Yuma Iwao
- Department of Advanced Nuclear Medicine Sciences, Institute for Quantum Medical Science, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology (QST), 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba, 263-8555, Japan
| | - Hideaki Tashima
- Department of Advanced Nuclear Medicine Sciences, Institute for Quantum Medical Science, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology (QST), 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba, 263-8555, Japan
| | - Eiji Yoshida
- Department of Advanced Nuclear Medicine Sciences, Institute for Quantum Medical Science, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology (QST), 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba, 263-8555, Japan
| | - Taiga Yamaya
- Department of Advanced Nuclear Medicine Sciences, Institute for Quantum Medical Science, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology (QST), 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba, 263-8555, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Frontal lobe hypometabolism associated with Sudden Unexpected Death in Epilepsy (SUDEP) risk: An objective PET study. Epilepsy Behav 2021; 122:108185. [PMID: 34252829 DOI: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2021.108185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Abnormalities of brain structures and neuronal networks have been identified in MRI studies of patients with Sudden Unexpected Death in Epilepsy (SUDEP) as well as in those at elevated risk. The goal of this study was to identify common patterns of objectively detected brain glucose metabolic abnormalities associated with SUDEP patients and those at high SUDEP risk. METHODS Patients with refractory epilepsy (n = 78, age: 16-61 years, 44 females), who underwent comprehensive presurgical evaluation, were assessed for their risk of SUDEP using the revised SUDEP-7 inventory. From the 57 patients with low SUDEP risk, 35 were selected to match their demographic and clinical characteristics to those with high SUDEP risk (n = 21). [18F]fluoro-deoxy-glucose positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) abnormalities were evaluated in the high- and low-SUDEP risk subgroups compared to FDG-PET scans of a healthy adult control group using statistical parametric mapping (SPM). Individual FDG-PET scans of 4 additional patients, who died from SUDEP, were also analyzed by SPM. RESULTS Mean SUDEP-7 score was 6.1 in the high and 2.7 in the low SUDEP risk group. MRI showed no lesion in 36 patients (64%). Statistical parametric mapping analysis of the high SUDEP risk subgroup showed bilateral medial frontal and inferior frontal hypometabolism as a common pattern. The low-risk group showed no specific common metabolic abnormalities on SPM group analysis. Individual PET scans of all 4 patients who died from SUDEP also showed bilateral frontal lobe hypometabolism. CONCLUSIONS These data show that bilateral frontal lobe involvement on FDG-PET, especially the medial and inferior frontal cortex, may be a common metabolic pattern associated with high SUDEP risk and SUDEP itself, in patients with refractory focal epilepsy.
Collapse
|
5
|
Muccioli L, Farolfi A, Pondrelli F, d'Orsi G, Michelucci R, Freri E, Canafoglia L, Licchetta L, Toni F, Bonfiglioli R, Civollani S, Pettinato C, Maietti E, Marotta G, Fanti S, Tinuper P, Bisulli F. FDG-PET assessment and metabolic patterns in Lafora disease. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2019; 47:1576-1584. [PMID: 31858178 DOI: 10.1007/s00259-019-04647-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To describe cerebral glucose metabolism pattern as assessed by 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) in Lafora disease (LD), a rare, lethal form of progressive myoclonus epilepsy caused by biallelic mutations in EPM2A or NHLRC1. METHODS We retrospectively included patients with genetically confirmed LD who underwent FDG-PET scan referred to three Italian epilepsy centers. FDG-PET images were evaluated both visually and using SPM12 software. Subgroup analysis was performed on the basis of genetic and clinical features employing SPM. Moreover, we performed a systematic literature review of LD cases that underwent FDG-PET assessment. RESULTS Eight Italian patients (3M/5F, 3 EPM2A/5 NHLRC1) underwent FDG-PET examination after a mean of 6 years from disease onset (range 1-12 years). All patients showed bilateral hypometabolic areas, more diffuse and pronounced in advanced disease stages. Most frequently, the hypometabolic regions were the temporal (8/8), parietal (7/8), and frontal lobes (7/8), as well as the thalamus (6/8). In three cases, the FDG-PET repeated after a mean of 17 months (range 7-36 months) showed a metabolic worsening compared with the baseline examination. The SPM subgroup analysis found no significant differences based on genetics, whereas it showed a more significant temporoparietal hypometabolism in patients with visual symptoms compared with those without. In nine additional cases identified from eight publications, FDG-PET showed heterogeneous findings, ranging from diffusely decreased cerebral glucose metabolism to unremarkable examinations in two cases. CONCLUSIONS FDG-PET seems highly sensitive to evaluate LD at any stage and may correlate with disease progression. Areas of decreased glucose metabolism in LD are extensive, often involving multiple cortical and subcortical regions, with thalamus, temporal, frontal, and parietal lobes being the most severely affected. Prospective longitudinal collaborative studies are needed to validate our findings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Muccioli
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Andrea Farolfi
- Nuclear Medicine Unit, S. Orsola Hospital, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Federica Pondrelli
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Giuseppe d'Orsi
- Epilepsy Centre, Clinic of Nervous System Diseases, Ospedali Riuniti, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Roberto Michelucci
- IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, Ospedale Bellaria, Bologna, Italy
| | - Elena Freri
- Department of Pediatric Neuroscience, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - Laura Canafoglia
- Department of Neurophysiology and Diagnostic Epileptology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - Laura Licchetta
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.,IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, Ospedale Bellaria, Bologna, Italy
| | - Francesco Toni
- IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, Ospedale Bellaria, Bologna, Italy
| | - Rachele Bonfiglioli
- Nuclear Medicine Unit, S. Orsola Hospital, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | | | | | - Elisa Maietti
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Giorgio Marotta
- Nuclear Medicine Unit, IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Stefano Fanti
- Nuclear Medicine Unit, S. Orsola Hospital, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Paolo Tinuper
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.,IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, Ospedale Bellaria, Bologna, Italy
| | - Francesca Bisulli
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy. .,IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, Ospedale Bellaria, Bologna, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
|
7
|
Pilli VK, Jeong JW, Konka P, Kumar A, Chugani HT, Juhász C. Objective PET study of glucose metabolism asymmetries in children with epilepsy: Implications for normal brain development. Hum Brain Mapp 2018; 40:53-64. [PMID: 30136325 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.24354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2018] [Revised: 07/09/2018] [Accepted: 08/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Clinical interpretation of cerebral positron emission tomography with 2-deoxy-2[F-18]fluoro-d-glucose (FDG-PET) images often relies on evaluation of regional asymmetries. This study was designed to establish age-related variations in regional cortical glucose metabolism asymmetries in the developing human brain. FDG-PET scans of 58 children (age: 1-18 years) were selected from a large single-center pediatric PET database. All children had a history of epilepsy, normal MRI, and normal pattern of glucose metabolism on visual evaluation. PET images were analyzed objectively by statistical parametric mapping with the use of age-specific FDG-PET templates. Regional FDG uptake was measured in 35 cortical regions in both hemispheres using an automated anatomical labeling atlas, and left/right ratios were correlated with age, gender, and epilepsy variables. Cortical glucose metabolism was mostly symmetric in young children and became increasingly asymmetric in older subjects. Specifically, several frontal cortical regions showed an age-related increase of left > right asymmetries (mean: up to 10%), while right > left asymmetries emerged in posterior cortex (including portions of the occipital, parietal, and temporal lobe) in older children (up to 9%). Similar trends were seen in a subgroup of 39 children with known right-handedness. Age-related correlations of regional metabolic asymmetries showed no robust gender differences and were not affected by epilepsy variables. These data demonstrate a region-specific emergence of cortical metabolic asymmetries between age 1-18 years, with left > right asymmetry in frontal and right > left asymmetry in posterior regions. The findings can facilitate correct interpretation of cortical regional asymmetries on pediatric FDG-PET images across a wide age range.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vinod K Pilli
- The Carman and Ann Adams Department of Pediatrics, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan.,PET Center and Translational Imaging Laboratory, Children's Hospital of Michigan, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Jeong-Won Jeong
- The Carman and Ann Adams Department of Pediatrics, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan.,Department of Neurology, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan.,PET Center and Translational Imaging Laboratory, Children's Hospital of Michigan, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Praneetha Konka
- The Carman and Ann Adams Department of Pediatrics, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan.,PET Center and Translational Imaging Laboratory, Children's Hospital of Michigan, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Ajay Kumar
- The Carman and Ann Adams Department of Pediatrics, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan.,Department of Neurology, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan.,PET Center and Translational Imaging Laboratory, Children's Hospital of Michigan, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Harry T Chugani
- The Carman and Ann Adams Department of Pediatrics, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan.,Department of Neurology, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan.,PET Center and Translational Imaging Laboratory, Children's Hospital of Michigan, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Csaba Juhász
- The Carman and Ann Adams Department of Pediatrics, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan.,Department of Neurology, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan.,PET Center and Translational Imaging Laboratory, Children's Hospital of Michigan, Detroit, Michigan
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Drollette ES, Pontifex MB, Raine LB, Scudder MR, Moore RD, Kao SC, Westfall DR, Wu CT, Kamijo K, Castelli DM, Khan NA, Kramer AF, Hillman CH. Effects of the FITKids physical activity randomized controlled trial on conflict monitoring in youth. Psychophysiology 2018; 55:10.1111/psyp.13017. [PMID: 28976540 PMCID: PMC5754928 DOI: 10.1111/psyp.13017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2017] [Revised: 08/30/2017] [Accepted: 08/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The present study investigated the effect of a 9-month physical activity (PA) intervention on children's cardiorespiratory fitness levels and neuroelectric indices of conflict monitoring (i.e., error-related negativity, ERN). Four hundred twenty-eight preadolescent children (8-9 years old) were randomized into a PA intervention or wait-list control group, and completed a fitness and cognitive control assessment (i.e., modified flanker task) at pre- and posttest. Following exclusion criterion, 308 children were included in the analyses (PA intervention: n = 139; wait-list control: n = 169). Children in the intervention displayed greater improvements in fitness and response accuracy, which were accompanied by stability of ERN amplitude from pre- to posttest. In contrast, the control group revealed increased ERN amplitude at posttest compared to pretest, despite no change in fitness or task performance. These findings demonstrate the efficacy of daily PA for promoting children's fitness and underlying neural processes associated with effective conflict monitoring. Such findings have significant implications for promoting organized PA programs intended to foster overall physical and brain health in school age children.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eric S. Drollette
- Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
| | - Matthew B. Pontifex
- Department of Kinesiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan
| | - Lauren B. Raine
- Department of Psychology, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | | | - Shih-Chun Kao
- Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
| | - Daniel R. Westfall
- Department of Psychology, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Chien-Ting Wu
- Exercise and Sport Science, University of South Carolina Upstate, Spartanburg, South Carolina
| | - Keita Kamijo
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, Tokorozawa, Saitama, Japan
| | - Darla M. Castelli
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Education, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas
| | - Naiman A. Khan
- Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
| | - Arthur F. Kramer
- Department of Psychology, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts
- Beckman Institute, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
| | - Charles H. Hillman
- Department of Psychology, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Turpin S, Martineau P, Levasseur MA, Lambert R. Modeling the Effects of Age and Sex on Normal Pediatric Brain Metabolism Using 18F-FDG PET/CT. J Nucl Med 2017; 59:1118-1124. [PMID: 29284674 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.117.201889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2017] [Accepted: 11/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Reference databases of pediatric brain metabolism are uncommon, because local brain metabolism evolves significantly with age throughout childhood, limiting their clinical applicability. The aim of this study was to develop mathematic models of regional relative brain metabolism using pediatric 18F-FDG PET with CT data of normal pediatric brains, accounting for sex and age. Methods: PET/CT brain acquisitions were obtained from 88 neurologically normal subjects, aged 6 mo to 18 y. Subjects were assigned to either a development group (n = 59) or a validation group (n = 29). For each subject, commercially available software was used to quantify the relative metabolism of 47 separate brain regions using whole-brain-normalized (WBN) and pons-normalized (PN) activity. The effects of age on regional relative brain metabolism were modeled using multiple linear and nonlinear mathematic equations, and the significance of sex was assessed using the Student t test. Optimal models were selected using the Akaike information criterion. Mean predicted values and 95% prediction intervals were derived for all regions. Model predictions were compared with the validation dataset, and mean predicted error was calculated for all regions using both WBN and PN models. Results: As a function of age, optimal models of regional relative brain metabolism were linear for 9 regions, quadratic for 13, cubic for 6, logarithmic for 12, power law for 7, and modified power law for 2 using WBN data and were linear for 9, quadratic for 25, cubic for 2, logarithmic for 6, and power law for 4 using PN data. Sex differences were found to be statistically significant only in the posterior cingulate cortex for the WBN data. Comparing our models with the validation group resulted in 94.3% of regions falling within the 95% prediction interval for WBN and 94.1% for PN. For all brain regions in the validation group, the error in prediction was 3% ± 0.96% using WBN data and 4.72% ± 1.25% when compared with the PN data (P < 0.0001). Conclusion: Pediatric brain metabolism is a complex function of age and sex. We have developed mathematic models of brain activity that allow for accurate prediction of regional pediatric brain metabolism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Turpin
- Division of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Medical Imaging, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Patrick Martineau
- Division of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Ottawa and Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; and
| | - Marc-André Levasseur
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
| | - Raymond Lambert
- Division of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Medical Imaging, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Nguyen TV, Wu M, Lew J, Albaugh MD, Botteron KN, Hudziak JJ, Fonov VS, Collins DL, Campbell BC, Booij L, Herba C, Monnier P, Ducharme S, McCracken JT. Dehydroepiandrosterone impacts working memory by shaping cortico-hippocampal structural covariance during development. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2017; 86:110-121. [PMID: 28946055 PMCID: PMC5659912 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2017.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2017] [Revised: 09/08/2017] [Accepted: 09/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Existing studies suggest that dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) may be important for human brain development and cognition. For example, molecular studies have hinted at the critical role of DHEA in enhancing brain plasticity. Studies of human brain development also support the notion that DHEA is involved in preserving cortical plasticity. Further, some, though not all, studies show that DHEA administration may lead to improvements in working memory in adults. Yet these findings remain limited by an incomplete understanding of the specific neuroanatomical mechanisms through which DHEA may impact the CNS during development. Here we examined associations between DHEA, cortico-hippocampal structural covariance, and working memory (216 participants [female=123], age range 6-22 years old, mean age: 13.6 +/-3.6 years, each followed for a maximum of 3 visits over the course of 4 years). In addition to administering performance-based, spatial working memory tests to these children, we also collected ecological, parent ratings of working memory in everyday situations. We found that increasingly higher DHEA levels were associated with a shift toward positive insular-hippocampal and occipito-hippocampal structural covariance. In turn, DHEA-related insular-hippocampal covariance was associated with lower spatial working memory but higher overall working memory as measured by the ecological parent ratings. Taken together with previous research, these results support the hypothesis that DHEA may optimize cortical functions related to general attentional and working memory processes, but impair the development of bottom-up, hippocampal-to-cortical connections, resulting in impaired encoding of spatial cues.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tuong-Vi Nguyen
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, H3A1A1, Canada; Department of Obstetrics-Gynecology, McGill University Health Center, Montreal, QC, H4A 3J1, Canada; Research Institute of the McGill University Health Center, Montreal, QC, H4A 3J1, Canada.
| | - Mia Wu
- Department of Psychology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Jimin Lew
- Department of Psychology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Matthew D Albaugh
- Department of Psychology, University of Vermont, College of Medicine, Burlington, VT, 05405, USA
| | - Kelly N Botteron
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA; Brain Development Cooperative Group, United States
| | - James J Hudziak
- Department of Psychology, University of Vermont, College of Medicine, Burlington, VT, 05405, USA; Brain Development Cooperative Group, United States
| | - Vladimir S Fonov
- McConnell Brain imaging Centre, Montreal Neurological Institute, Montreal, QC, H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - D Louis Collins
- McConnell Brain imaging Centre, Montreal Neurological Institute, Montreal, QC, H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Benjamin C Campbell
- Department of Anthropology, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI, 53211, USA
| | - Linda Booij
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, H3A1A1, Canada; Department of Psychology, Concordia University, Montreal, QC, H4B 1R6, Canada; CHU Sainte Justine Hospital Research Centre, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, H3T1C5, Canada
| | - Catherine Herba
- CHU Sainte Justine Hospital Research Centre, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, H3T1C5, Canada; Department of Psychology, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Patricia Monnier
- Department of Obstetrics-Gynecology, McGill University Health Center, Montreal, QC, H4A 3J1, Canada; Research Institute of the McGill University Health Center, Montreal, QC, H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Simon Ducharme
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, H3A1A1, Canada; McConnell Brain imaging Centre, Montreal Neurological Institute, Montreal, QC, H3A 2B4, Canada; Department of Neurology & Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, QC, H3A 1A1, Canada
| | - James T McCracken
- Brain Development Cooperative Group, United States; Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University of California in Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90024, USA
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury is the number one cause of death and disability among the pediatric population in the USA. The heterogeneity of the pediatric population is reflected by both the normal cerebral maturation and the age differences in the causes of TBI, which generate unique age-related pathophysiology responses and recovery profiles. This review will address the normal changes in cerebral glucose metabolism throughout developmental phases and how TBI alters glucose metabolism. Evidence has shown that TBI disrupts the biochemical processing of glucose to energy. This brings to question, "What is the optimal substrate to manage a pediatric TBI patient?" Issues related to glycemic control and alternative substrate metabolism are addressed specifically in regard to pediatric TBI. Research into pediatric glucose metabolism after TBI is limited, and understanding these age-related differences within the pediatric population have great potential to improve support for the injured younger brain.
Collapse
|
12
|
Heldmann M, Puppe S, Effenberg AO, Münte TF. Development of sensitivity to orthographic errors in children: An event-related potential study. Neuroscience 2017; 358:349-360. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2017.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2016] [Revised: 06/25/2017] [Accepted: 07/03/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
|
13
|
Fahey FH, Goodkind AB, Plyku D, Khamwan K, O'Reilly SE, Cao X, Frey EC, Li Y, Bolch WE, Sgouros G, Treves ST. Dose Estimation in Pediatric Nuclear Medicine. Semin Nucl Med 2017; 47:118-125. [PMID: 28237000 PMCID: PMC5777684 DOI: 10.1053/j.semnuclmed.2016.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The practice of nuclear medicine in children is well established for imaging practically all physiologic systems but particularly in the fields of oncology, neurology, urology, and orthopedics. Pediatric nuclear medicine yields images of physiologic and molecular processes that can provide essential diagnostic information to the clinician. However, nuclear medicine involves the administration of radiopharmaceuticals that expose the patient to ionizing radiation and children are thought to be at a higher risk for adverse effects from radiation exposure than adults. Therefore it may be considered prudent to take extra care to optimize the radiation dose associated with pediatric nuclear medicine. This requires a solid understanding of the dosimetry associated with the administration of radiopharmaceuticals in children. Models for estimating the internal radiation dose from radiopharmaceuticals have been developed by the Medical Internal Radiation Dosimetry Committee of the Society of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging and other groups. But to use these models accurately in children, better pharmacokinetic data for the radiopharmaceuticals and anatomical models specifically for children need to be developed. The use of CT in the context of hybrid imaging has also increased significantly in the past 15 years, and thus CT dosimetry as it applies to children needs to be better understood. The concept of effective dose has been used to compare different practices involving radiation on a dosimetric level, but this approach may not be appropriate when applied to a population of children of different ages as the radiosensitivity weights utilized in the calculation of effective dose are not specific to children and may vary as a function of age on an organ-by-organ bias. As these gaps in knowledge of dosimetry and radiation risk as they apply to children are filled, more accurate models can be developed that allow for better approaches to dose optimization. In turn, this will lead to an overall improvement in the practice of pediatric nuclear medicine by providing excellent diagnostic image quality at the lowest radiation dose possible.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Frederic H Fahey
- Department of Radiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA; Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.
| | | | - Donika Plyku
- The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Kitiwat Khamwan
- The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Radiology, Chulalongkorn University and King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Thai Red Cross Society, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Shannon E O'Reilly
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
| | - Xinhua Cao
- Department of Radiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Eric C Frey
- The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Ye Li
- The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Wesley E Bolch
- Advanced Laboratory for Radiation Dosimetry Studies (ALRADS), J. Crayton, Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
| | - George Sgouros
- The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - S Ted Treves
- Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA; The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Khamwan K, Plyku D, O'Reilly SE, Goodkind A, Cao X, Fahey FH, Treves ST, Bolch WE, Sgouros G. Pharmacokinetic modeling of [(18)F]fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) for premature infants, and newborns through 5-year-olds. EJNMMI Res 2016; 6:28. [PMID: 26988861 PMCID: PMC4797375 DOI: 10.1186/s13550-016-0179-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2015] [Accepted: 02/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Absorbed dose estimates for pediatric patients require pharmacokinetics that are, to the extent possible, age-specific. Such age-specific pharmacokinetic data are lacking for many of the diagnostic agents typically used in pediatric imaging. We have developed a pharmacokinetic model of [(18)F]fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) applicable to premature infants and to 0- (newborns) to 5-year-old patients, which may be used to generate model-derived time-integrated activity coefficients and absorbed dose calculations for these patients. METHODS The FDG compartmental model developed by Hays and Segall for adults was fitted to published data from infants and also to a retrospective data set collected at the Boston Children's Hospital (BCH). The BCH data set was also used to examine the relationship between uptake of FDG in different organs and patient weight or age. RESULTS Substantial changes in the structure of the FDG model were required to fit the pediatric data. Fitted rate constants and fractional blood volumes were reduced relative to the adult values. CONCLUSIONS The pharmacokinetic models developed differ substantially from adult pharmacokinetic (PK) models which can have considerable impact on the dosimetric models for pediatric patients. This approach may be used as a model for estimating dosimetry in children from other radiopharmaceuticals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kitiwat Khamwan
- The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
- Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University and King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Thai Red Cross Society, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Donika Plyku
- The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Shannon E O'Reilly
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Alison Goodkind
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Xinhua Cao
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Frederic H Fahey
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - S Ted Treves
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular imaging, Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Wesley E Bolch
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - George Sgouros
- The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Trotta N, Archambaud F, Goldman S, Baete K, Van Laere K, Wens V, Van Bogaert P, Chiron C, De Tiège X. Functional integration changes in regional brain glucose metabolism from childhood to adulthood. Hum Brain Mapp 2016; 37:3017-30. [PMID: 27133021 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.23223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2015] [Revised: 03/31/2016] [Accepted: 04/10/2016] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the age-related changes in resting-state neurometabolic connectivity from childhood to adulthood (6-50 years old). Fifty-four healthy adult subjects and twenty-three pseudo-healthy children underwent [(18) F]-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography at rest. Using statistical parametric mapping (SPM8), age and age squared were first used as covariate of interest to identify linear and non-linear age effects on the regional distribution of glucose metabolism throughout the brain. Then, by selecting voxels of interest (VOI) within the regions showing significant age-related metabolic changes, a psychophysiological interaction (PPI) analysis was used to search for age-induced changes in the contribution of VOIs to the metabolic activity in other brain areas. Significant linear or non-linear age-related changes in regional glucose metabolism were found in prefrontal cortices (DMPFC/ACC), cerebellar lobules, and thalamo-hippocampal areas bilaterally. Decreases were found in the contribution of thalamic, hippocampal, and cerebellar regions to DMPFC/ACC metabolic activity as well as in the contribution of hippocampi to preSMA and right IFG metabolic activities. Increases were found in the contribution of the right hippocampus to insular cortex and of the cerebellar lobule IX to superior parietal cortex metabolic activities. This study evidences significant linear or non-linear age-related changes in regional glucose metabolism of mesial prefrontal, thalamic, mesiotemporal, and cerebellar areas, associated with significant modifications in neurometabolic connectivity involving fronto-thalamic, fronto-hippocampal, and fronto-cerebellar networks. These changes in functional brain integration likely represent a metabolic correlate of age-dependent effects on sensory, motor, and high-level cognitive functional networks. Hum Brain Mapp 37:3017-3030, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Trotta
- Laboratoire de Cartographie fonctionnelle du Cerveau (LCFC) - ULB Neuroscience Institute (UNI), Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium.,Department of Nuclear Medicine, Hôpital Erasme, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | | | - Serge Goldman
- Laboratoire de Cartographie fonctionnelle du Cerveau (LCFC) - ULB Neuroscience Institute (UNI), Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium.,Department of Nuclear Medicine, Hôpital Erasme, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Kristof Baete
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, UZ Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Koen Van Laere
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, UZ Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Vincent Wens
- Laboratoire de Cartographie fonctionnelle du Cerveau (LCFC) - ULB Neuroscience Institute (UNI), Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Patrick Van Bogaert
- Laboratoire de Cartographie fonctionnelle du Cerveau (LCFC) - ULB Neuroscience Institute (UNI), Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | | | - Xavier De Tiège
- Laboratoire de Cartographie fonctionnelle du Cerveau (LCFC) - ULB Neuroscience Institute (UNI), Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Agarwal R, Kumar A, Tiwari VN, Chugani H. Thalamic abnormalities in children with continuous spike-wave during slow-wave sleep: An F-18-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography perspective. Epilepsia 2015; 57:263-71. [PMID: 26697846 DOI: 10.1111/epi.13278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/09/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Thalamic injury has been implicated in the development of continuous spike-wave during slow-wave sleep (CSWS) in children with epilepsy. We studied thalamic abnormalities in children with CSWS using F-18-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG)-positron emission tomography (PET) imaging. METHODS Twenty-three patients (12 male; mean age 9 years) with CSWS and normal thalami on brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) underwent FDG-PET. Thalamic glucose metabolism, represented by standardized uptake value normalized to whole brain (nSUV, RT for right thalamus and LT for left thalamus), and its asymmetry--absolute asymmetry index (AAI): ¦(RT-LT)¦*100/[(RT+LT)/2]--was calculated. These values were compared with those from 10 normal healthy controls (five female; mean age 11.1 years). RESULTS Thalamic glucose metabolism was abnormal in 18 patients (78.3%). Thalamic nSUV was decreased (n = 6) or increased (n = 1) bilaterally in seven children without any asymmetry. Abnormal thalamic symmetry [AAI = 3.7-31.5% (0.8-3.3% in controls)] was seen in 11 children. Of these, six children had a unilateral thalamic metabolic abnormality (increased metabolism, n = 3 and decreased metabolism, n = 3), whereas 5 of 14 children had abnormal asymmetry index with bilaterally normal (n = 4) or increased (n = 1) thalamic metabolism. No clear association of thalamic metabolic abnormalities was seen with the stage of evolution of CSWS (prodromal, acute, or residual) or with the cortical FDG abnormalities. SIGNIFICANCE Functional thalamic abnormalities, both unilateral and bilateral, are frequently seen in patients with CSWS. FDG-PET is a sensitive and quantifiable modality to detect these changes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rajkumar Agarwal
- Carman and Ann Adams Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Michigan and Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, U.S.A.,Division of Neurology, Children's Hospital of Michigan and Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, U.S.A
| | - Ajay Kumar
- Carman and Ann Adams Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Michigan and Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, U.S.A.,Division of Neurology, Children's Hospital of Michigan and Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, U.S.A.,Division of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Michigan and Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, U.S.A.,PET Center, Children's Hospital of Michigan and Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, U.S.A
| | - Vijay N Tiwari
- Carman and Ann Adams Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Michigan and Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, U.S.A.,Division of Neurology, Children's Hospital of Michigan and Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, U.S.A.,PET Center, Children's Hospital of Michigan and Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, U.S.A
| | - Harry Chugani
- Carman and Ann Adams Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Michigan and Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, U.S.A.,Division of Neurology, Children's Hospital of Michigan and Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, U.S.A.,PET Center, Children's Hospital of Michigan and Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, U.S.A
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Choi H, Choi Y, Kim KW, Kang H, Hwang DW, Kim EE, Chung JK, Lee DS. Maturation of metabolic connectivity of the adolescent rat brain. eLife 2015; 4. [PMID: 26613413 PMCID: PMC4718811 DOI: 10.7554/elife.11571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2015] [Accepted: 11/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroimaging has been used to examine developmental changes of the brain. While PET studies revealed maturation-related changes, maturation of metabolic connectivity of the brain is not yet understood. Here, we show that rat brain metabolism is reconfigured to achieve long-distance connections with higher energy efficiency during maturation. Metabolism increased in anterior cerebrum and decreased in thalamus and cerebellum during maturation. When functional covariance patterns of PET images were examined, metabolic networks including default mode network (DMN) were extracted. Connectivity increased between the anterior and posterior parts of DMN and sensory-motor cortices during maturation. Energy efficiency, a ratio of connectivity strength to metabolism of a region, increased in medial prefrontal and retrosplenial cortices. Our data revealed that metabolic networks mature to increase metabolic connections and establish its efficiency between large-scale spatial components from childhood to early adulthood. Neurodevelopmental diseases might be understood by abnormal reconfiguration of metabolic connectivity and efficiency. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.11571.001 The brain consumes a great deal of a sugar called glucose, which is delivered to the brain through blood vessels. Active regions of the brain need more glucose, and so the brain has a metabolic network that controls when and where glucose is metabolized. Yet precisely how this metabolic network changes during brain development is not yet understood. Choi et al. have now monitored the patterns of glucose metabolism in the brains of awake rats as they matured from 'childhood' to early adulthood. The experiments involved injecting the rats with radioactive glucose, and then using a technique called positron emission tomography (commonly known as 'PET scan') to monitor the metabolism of these radioactive sugar molecules in the animals’ brains. Choi et al. showed that the patterns of glucose consumption in the brain shift drastically as the rats mature. Importantly, the findings showed that these shifts in glucose metabolism seem to support the activity of long distance connections that develop as the brain matures. The findings also showed that the increased long distance connections were energy efficient. The results suggest that these metabolic changes are likely a way of maintaining high-energy efficiency that is crucial for the brain to perform normally. Finally, in addition to revealing the changes involved in normal brain development, these findings may have implications in neurological and psychiatric disorders in which the brain fails to achieve efficient metabolic networks as it matures. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.11571.002
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hongyoon Choi
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoori Choi
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyu Wan Kim
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyejin Kang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Do Won Hwang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - E Edmund Kim
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - June-Key Chung
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Soo Lee
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Hua C, Merchant TE, Li X, Li Y, Shulkin BL. Establishing Age-Associated Normative Ranges of the Cerebral 18F-FDG Uptake Ratio in Children. J Nucl Med 2015; 56:575-9. [DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.114.146993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2014] [Accepted: 01/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
|
19
|
London K, Howman-Giles R. Voxel-based analysis of normal cerebral [18F]FDG uptake during childhood using statistical parametric mapping. Neuroimage 2015; 106:264-71. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2014.11.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2014] [Revised: 10/07/2014] [Accepted: 11/22/2014] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
|
20
|
Holz N, Boecker R, Buchmann AF, Blomeyer D, Baumeister S, Hohmann S, Jennen-Steinmetz C, Wolf I, Rietschel M, Witt SH, Plichta MM, Meyer-Lindenberg A, Schmidt MH, Esser G, Banaschewski T, Brandeis D, Laucht M. Evidence for a Sex-Dependent MAOA× Childhood Stress Interaction in the Neural Circuitry of Aggression. Cereb Cortex 2014; 26:904-14. [PMID: 25331606 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhu249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Converging evidence emphasizes the role of an interaction between monoamine oxidase A (MAOA) genotype, environmental adversity, and sex in the pathophysiology of aggression. The present study aimed to clarify the impact of this interaction on neural activity in aggression-related brain systems. Functional magnetic resonance imaging was performed in 125 healthy adults from a high-risk community sample followed since birth. DNA was genotyped for the MAOA-VNTR (variable number of tandem repeats). Exposure to childhood life stress (CLS) between the ages of 4 and 11 years was assessed using a standardized parent interview, aggression by the Youth/Young Adult Self-Report between the ages of 15 and 25 years, and the VIRA-R (Vragenlijst Instrumentele En Reactieve Agressie) at the age of 15 years. Significant interactions were obtained between MAOA genotype, CLS, and sex relating to amygdala, hippocampus, and anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) response, respectively. Activity in the amygdala and hippocampus during emotional face-matching increased with the level of CLS in male MAOA-L, while decreasing in male MAOA-H, with the reverse pattern present in females. Findings in the opposite direction in the ACC during a flanker NoGo task suggested that increased emotional activity coincided with decreased inhibitory control. Moreover, increasing amygdala activity was associated with higher Y(A)SR aggression in male MAOA-L and female MAOA-H carriers. Likewise, a significant association between amygdala activity and reactive aggression was detected in female MAOA-H carriers. The results point to a moderating role of sex in the MAOA× CLS interaction for intermediate phenotypes of emotional and inhibitory processing, suggesting a possible mechanism in conferring susceptibility to violence-related disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie Holz
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy
| | - Regina Boecker
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy
| | | | | | | | - Sarah Hohmann
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy
| | | | - Isabella Wolf
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy Department of Neuroimaging
| | | | | | - Michael M Plichta
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim/Heidelberg University, Germany
| | - Andreas Meyer-Lindenberg
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim/Heidelberg University, Germany
| | | | - Günter Esser
- Department of Psychology, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
| | | | - Daniel Brandeis
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Manfred Laucht
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy Department of Psychology, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Age-related differences in working memory evoked gamma oscillations. Brain Res 2014; 1576:43-51. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2014.05.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2014] [Revised: 05/23/2014] [Accepted: 05/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
|
22
|
Meyer A, Hajcak G, Torpey DC, Kujawa A, Kim J, Bufferd S, Carlson G, Klein DN. Increased error-related brain activity in six-year-old children with clinical anxiety. JOURNAL OF ABNORMAL CHILD PSYCHOLOGY 2014; 41:1257-66. [PMID: 23700171 DOI: 10.1007/s10802-013-9762-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Anxiety disorders are the most frequently diagnosed form of psychopathology in children and often result in chronic impairment that persists into adulthood. Identifying neurobehavioral correlates of anxiety that appear relatively early in life would inform etiological models of development and allow intervention and prevention strategies to be implemented more effectively. The error-related negativity (ERN), a negative deflection in the event-related potential at fronto-central sites approximately 50 ms following the commission of errors, has been consistently found to be larger among anxious adults. The current study sought to extend these findings to even younger individuals: the ERN was elicited by a Go/NoGo task in 48 six year-old children with a clinical anxiety disorder assessed by diagnostic interview and 48 age-matched controls. In addition to child anxiety disorder, the ERN was examined in relation to maternal history of anxiety disorder, which was previously related to a smaller ERN. Anxious children were characterized by a larger (i.e., more negative) ERN and maternal history of anxiety disorder was associated with a smaller ERN. Thus, the relationship between an increased ERN and clinical anxiety is evident by age 6, and this effect appears independent from an opposing influence of maternal anxiety history on the ERN. These findings support the ERN as a promising neurobehavioral marker of anxiety, and implications are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandria Meyer
- Department of Psychology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA,
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Default mode network hypometabolism in epileptic encephalopathies with CSWS. Epilepsy Res 2014; 108:861-71. [PMID: 24746674 DOI: 10.1016/j.eplepsyres.2014.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2013] [Revised: 02/12/2014] [Accepted: 03/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies investigating cerebral metabolic changes associated with continuous spike-waves during sleep (CSWS) compared the metabolism of children with CSWS with that of healthy adults, precluding any assessment in brain areas showing physiologic age-related metabolic changes. Here, we investigated the metabolic and connectivity changes characterizing the acute phase of CSWS activity by comparing awake brain metabolism of children with CSWS with that of pediatric pseudo-controls. Positron emission tomography using [18F]-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG-PET) was performed in 17 awake children with cryptogenic CSWS (5 girls, age: 5-11 years). Voxel-based analyses identified significant metabolic changes in CSWS patients compared with 18 pediatric pseudo-controls (12 girls, age: 6-11 years, non-CSWS focal cryptogenic epilepsy with normal FDG-PET). CSWS-induced changes in the contribution of brain areas displaying metabolic changes to the level of metabolic activity in other brain areas were investigated using pathophysiological interaction. Hypermetabolism in perisylvian regions bilaterally and hypometabolism in lateral and mesial prefrontal cortex, precuneus, posterior cingulate cortex and parahippocampal gyri characterized the acute phase of CSWS (p<0.05 FWE). No change in thalamic metabolism was disclosed. Altered functional connectivity was found between hyper- and hypometabolic regions in CSWS patients compared with pediatric pseudo-controls. This study demonstrates hypometabolism in key nodes of the default mode network (DMN) in awake patients with CSWS, in relation with a possible phenomenon of sustained remote inhibition from the epileptic foci. This hypometabolism might account for some of the acquired cognitive or behavioral features of CSWS epileptic encephalopathies. This study failed to find any evidence of thalamic metabolic changes, which supports the primary involvement of the cortex in CSWS genesis.
Collapse
|
24
|
Jokinen TS, Haaparanta-Solin M, Viitmaa R, Grönroos TJ, Johansson J, Bergamasco L, Snellman M, Metsähonkala L. FDG-PET in healthy and epileptic Lagotto Romagnolo dogs and changes in brain glucose uptake with age. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 2013; 55:331-41. [PMID: 24354474 DOI: 10.1111/vru.12129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2013] [Accepted: 09/29/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Regional cerebral metabolism and blood flow can be measured noninvasively with positron emission tomography (PET). 2-[(18) F]fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose (FDG) widely serves as a PET tracer in human patients with epilepsy to identify the seizure focus. The goal of this prospective study was to determine whether juvenile or adult dogs with focal-onset epilepsy exhibit abnormal cerebral glucose uptake interictally and whether glucose uptake changes with age. We used FDG-PET to examine six Lagotto Romagnolo dogs with juvenile epilepsy, two dogs with adult-onset epilepsy, and five control dogs of the same breed at different ages. Three researchers unaware of dog clinical status visually analyzed co-registered PET and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) images. Results of the visual PET analyses were compared with electroencephalography (EEG) results. In semiquantitative analysis, relative standard uptake values (SUV) of regions of interest (ROI) drawn to different brain regions were compared between epileptic and control dogs. Visual analysis revealed areas of hypometabolism interictally in five out of six dogs with juvenile epilepsy in the occipital, temporal, and parietal cortex. Changes in EEG occurred in three of these dogs in the same areas where PET showed cortical hypometabolism. Visual analysis showed no abnormalities in cerebral glucose uptake in dogs with adult-onset epilepsy. Semiquantitative analysis detected no differences between epileptic and control dogs. This result emphasizes the importance of visual analysis in FDG-PET studies of epileptic dogs. A change in glucose uptake was also detected with age. Glucose uptake values increased between dog ages of 8 and 28 weeks and then remained constant.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tarja S Jokinen
- Department of Equine and Small Animal Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Normal cerebral FDG uptake during childhood. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2013; 41:723-35. [PMID: 24323306 DOI: 10.1007/s00259-013-2639-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2013] [Accepted: 11/12/2013] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Current understanding of cerebral FDG uptake during childhood originates from a small number of studies in patients with neurological abnormalities. Our aim was to describe cerebral FDG uptake in a dataset of FDG PET scans in children more likely to represent a normal population. METHODS We reviewed cerebral FDG PET scans in children up to 16 years of age with suspected/proven extracranial malignancies and the following exclusions: central nervous system metastases, previous malignancies, previous chemotherapy or radiotherapy, development of cerebral metastases during therapy, neurological conditions, taking antiepileptic medication or medications likely to interfere with cerebral metabolism, and general anaesthesia within 24 h. White matter, basal ganglia, thalamus and the cerebellar cortex were analysed using regional SUV(max), and the cerebral cortex, basal ganglia, thalamus and cerebellum were analysed using a regional relative uptake analysis in comparison to maximal cortical uptake. RESULTS Scans from 30 patients (age range 11 months to 16 years, mean age 10 years 5 months) were included. All regions showed increasing SUV(max) with age. The parietal, occipital, lateral temporal and medial temporal lobes showed lower rates of increasing FDG uptake causing changing patterns of regional FDG uptake during childhood. The cortical regions showing the most intense uptake in early childhood were the parietal and occipital lobes. At approximately 7 years of age these regions had relatively less uptake than the frontal lobes and at approximately 10 years of age these regions had relatively less uptake than the thalamus. CONCLUSION Relative FDG uptake in the brain has not reached an adult pattern by 1 year of age, but continues to change up to 16 years of age. The changing pattern is due to different regional rates of increasing cortical FDG uptake, which is less rapid in the parietal, occipital and temporal lobes than in the frontal lobes.
Collapse
|
26
|
De Tiège X, Trotta N, Op de beeck M, Bourguignon M, Marty B, Wens V, Nonclercq A, Goldman S, Van Bogaert P. Neurophysiological activity underlying altered brain metabolism in epileptic encephalopathies with CSWS. Epilepsy Res 2013; 105:316-25. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eplepsyres.2013.02.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2012] [Revised: 01/03/2013] [Accepted: 02/27/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
27
|
Shan ZY, Leiker AJ, Onar-Thomas A, Li Y, Feng T, Reddick WE, Reutens DC, Shulkin BL. Cerebral glucose metabolism on positron emission tomography of children. Hum Brain Mapp 2013; 35:2297-309. [PMID: 23897639 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.22328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2012] [Revised: 03/11/2013] [Accepted: 04/22/2013] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Establishing the normative range of age-dependent fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) uptake in the developing brain is necessary for understanding regional quantitative analysis of positron emission tomography (PET) brain images in children and also to provide functional information on brain development. We analyzed head sections of FDG PET/computed tomography (CT) images for 115 patients (5 months to 23 years) without central nervous system disease before treatment, as PET studies are not performed on healthy children owing to ethical considerations and the risk of radiation exposure. We investigated the changes in FDG uptake and established age-associated normative ranges of cerebral FDG. Head sections of FDG PET/CT images were registered to a population-based probabilistic atlas of human cortical structures. Gray matter of 56 brain structures was defined on normalized PET images according to the atlas. To avoid individual and experimental confounding factors, the relative standardized uptake value (SUV) over the cerebellum of each structure was calculated. Relative SUVs were analyzed by ANOVA and modeled using generalized estimating equalization analysis with false discovery rate control. Age and structure were significant factors affecting SUVs. Anatomic proximity had little effect on FDG uptake. Linear and quadratic developmental trajectories were observed on absolute and relative SUVs, respectively. An increase from posterior-to-anterior and superior-to-inferior pattern was observed in both absolute SUV increase rate and relative SUV peak age. The SUV of each structure was modeled with respect to age, and these models can serve as baselines for the quantitative analysis of cerebral FDG-PET images of children.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zuyao Y Shan
- Centre for Advanced Imaging, University of Queensland, Brisbane St Lucia, Queensland, Australia
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Archambaud F, Bouilleret V, Hertz-Pannier L, Chaumet-Riffaud P, Rodrigo S, Dulac O, Chassoux F, Chiron C. Optimizing statistical parametric mapping analysis of 18F-FDG PET in children. EJNMMI Res 2013; 3:2. [PMID: 23289862 PMCID: PMC3558387 DOI: 10.1186/2191-219x-3-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2012] [Accepted: 12/27/2012] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED BACKGROUND Statistical parametric mapping (SPM) procedure is an objective tool to analyze 18F-fluoro-2-deoxy-d-glucose-positron-emission tomography (FDG-PET) images and a useful complement to visual analysis. However, SPM requires a comparison to control data set that cannot be obtained in healthy children for ethical reasons. Using adults as controls showed some limitations. The purpose of the present study was to generate and validate a group of pseudo-normal children as a control group for FDG-PET studies in pediatrics. METHODS FDG-PET images of 47 children (mean ± SD age 10.2 ± 3.1 years) with refractory symptomatic (MRI-positive, n = 20) and cryptogenic (MRI-negative, n = 27) focal epilepsy planned for surgery were analyzed using visual and SPM analysis. Performances of SPM analysis were compared using two different control groups: (1) an adult control group consisting of healthy young adults (n = 25, 30.5 ± 5.8 years, adult PET template) and (2) a pediatric pseudo-control group consisting of patients (n = 24, 10.6 ± 3.1 years, children PET template) with refractory focal epilepsy but with negative MRI and with PET considered normal not only on visual analysis but also on SPM. RESULTS Among the 47 children, visual analysis succeeded detecting at least one hypometabolic area in 87% of the cases (interobserver kappa = 0.81). Regarding SPM analysis, the best compromise between sensitivity and specificity was obtained with a threshold of p less than 0.001 as an extent of more than 40 voxels. There was a significant concordance to detect hypometabolic areas between both SPM analyses [kappa (K) = 0.59; p < 0.005] and between both SPM and visual analyses (K = 0.45; p < 0.005), in symptomatic (K = 0.74; p < 0.005) as in cryptogenic patients (K = 0.26; p < 0.01). The pediatric pseudo-control group dramatically improved specificity (97% vs. 89%; p < 0.0001) by increasing the positive predictive value (86% vs. 65%). Sensitivity remained acceptable although it was not better (79% vs. 87%, p = 0.039). The main impact was to reduce by 41% the number of hypometabolic cortical artifacts detected by SPM, especially in the younger epileptic patients, which is a key point in clinical practice. CONCLUSIONS This age-matched pseudo-control group is a way to optimize SPM analysis of FDG-PET in children with epilepsy. It might also be considered for other brain pathologies in pediatrics in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Frederique Archambaud
- Inserm, U663, Service de Neurologie et Métabolisme, Hôpital Necker, 149 rue de Sèvres, Paris, 75015, France.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Meyer A, Weinberg A, Klein DN, Hajcak G. The development of the error-related negativity (ERN) and its relationship with anxiety: evidence from 8 to 13 year-olds. Dev Cogn Neurosci 2012; 2:152-61. [PMID: 22308177 DOI: 10.1016/j.dcn.2011.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Because anxiety disorders appear to follow developmental trajectories that begin early in development, it may be useful to examine the neurodevelopmental correlates of specific cognitive processes that have been linked to anxiety. For instance, the error-related negativity (ERN) is a negative deflection in the event-related potential that is maximal approximately 50 ms following the commission of errors at fronto-central electrode sites,and has consistently been found to be more negative among anxious adults. Much less,however, is known about anxiety and the ERN in children—especially when this relationship develops. We recorded event-related potentials (ERPs) while 55 children aged 8–13 performed an arrow version of the flankers task. Parents and children both reported on children's anxiety. Results suggest that the relationship between the ERN and anxiety changes as a function of age. Among older children, a larger (i.e., more negative) ERN was significantly related to increased anxiety based on parent report. Although the relationship was less robust, the relationship between ERN and anxiety was opposite among younger children.These results are discussed in terms of existing work on anxiety and the ERN, and the need for longitudinal and developmental studies on the relationship between ERN andanxiety
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandria Meyer
- Department of Psychology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794-2500, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Adrenarche and middle childhood. HUMAN NATURE-AN INTERDISCIPLINARY BIOSOCIAL PERSPECTIVE 2012; 22:327-49. [PMID: 22388879 DOI: 10.1007/s12110-011-9120-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Middle childhood, the period from 6 to 12 years of age, is defined socially by increasing autonomy and emotional regulation, somatically by the development of anatomical structures for subsistence, and endocrinologically by adrenarche, the adrenal production of dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA). Here I suggest that DHEA plays a key role in the coordinated development of the brain and body beginning with middle childhood, via energetic allocation. I argue that with adrenarche, increasing levels of circulating DHEA act to down-regulate the release of glucose into circulation and hence limit the supply of glucose which is needed by the brain for synaptogenesis. Furthermore, I suggest the antioxidant properties of DHEA may be important in maintaining synaptic plasticity throughout middle childhood within slow-developing areas of the cortex, including the insula, thamalus, and anterior cingulate cortex. In addition, DHEA may play a role in the development of body odor as a reliable social signal of behavioral changes associated with middle childhood.
Collapse
|
31
|
Aeby A, Van Bogaert P, David P, Balériaux D, Vermeylen D, Metens T, De Tiège X. Nonlinear microstructural changes in the right superior temporal sulcus and lateral occipitotemporal gyrus between 35 and 43 weeks in the preterm brain. Neuroimage 2012; 63:104-10. [PMID: 22713672 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2012.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2012] [Revised: 05/24/2012] [Accepted: 06/10/2012] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Using diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), we explored microstructural brain maturation in a population of 65 preterm neonates who underwent magnetic resonance imaging between 35 and 43 weeks of corrected gestational age. A voxel-based analysis approach, statistical parametric mapping (SPM8), was used to evidence the nonlinear changes with the corrected gestational age in the regional distribution of mean diffusivity (MD), fractional anisotropy (FA), longitudinal and transverse diffusivities (λ//and λ⊥). We found that FA changes nonlinearly with age around the right superior temporal sulcus and in the right lateral occipitotemporal gyrus, with FA decrease between 34 and 39 weeks followed by FA increase from 40 weeks to 43 weeks. Considering the key role of these brain areas in verbal and non-verbal communicative behaviors, the effect of these microstructural changes in terms of early social network functional maturation needs to be assessed by joint functional and anatomical studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alec Aeby
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Université Libre de Bruxelles-Hôpital Erasme, Brussels, Belgium.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Brain Regional Glucose Uptake Changes in Isolated Cerebellar Cortical Dysplasia: Qualitative Assessment Using Coregistrated FDG-PET/MRI. THE CEREBELLUM 2011; 11:280-8. [DOI: 10.1007/s12311-011-0309-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
|
33
|
Struble RG, Ala T, Patrylo PR, Brewer GJ, Yan XX. Is brain amyloid production a cause or a result of dementia of the Alzheimer's type? J Alzheimers Dis 2011; 22:393-9. [PMID: 20847431 DOI: 10.3233/jad-2010-100846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The amyloid cascade hypothesis has guided much of the research into Alzheimer's disease (AD) over the last 25 years. We argue that the hypothesis of amyloid-β (Aβ) as the primary cause of dementia may not be fully correct. Rather, we propose that decline in brain metabolic activity, which is tightly linked to synaptic activity, actually underlies both the cognitive decline in AD and the deposition of Aβ. Aβ may further exacerbate metabolic decline and result in a downward spiral of cognitive function, leading to dementia. This novel interpretation can tie the disparate risk factors for dementia to a unifying hypothesis and present a roadmap for interventions to decrease the prevalence of dementia in the elderly population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Robert G Struble
- Center for Alzheimer's Disease and Related Disorders, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Carbondale, IL 62794, USA.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Mazzuca M, Jambaque I, Hertz-Pannier L, Bouilleret V, Archambaud F, Caviness V, Rodrigo S, Dulac O, Chiron C. 18F-FDG PET Reveals Frontotemporal Dysfunction in Children with Fever-Induced Refractory Epileptic Encephalopathy. J Nucl Med 2010; 52:40-7. [DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.110.077214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
|
35
|
|
36
|
Alkonyi B, Chugani HT, Behen M, Halverson S, Helder E, Makki MI, Juhász C. The role of the thalamus in neuro-cognitive dysfunction in early unilateral hemispheric injury: a multimodality imaging study of children with Sturge-Weber syndrome. Eur J Paediatr Neurol 2010; 14:425-33. [PMID: 20447845 PMCID: PMC2917644 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpn.2010.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2009] [Revised: 03/25/2010] [Accepted: 03/26/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sturge-Weber syndrome (SWS) with unilateral hemispheric involvement is a clinical model of early onset, chronic, often progressive hemispheric injury, resulting in variable neuro-cognitive impairment. AIMS To evaluate if abnormal diffusion and metabolism of the thalamus, a central relay station with extensive cortical connections, may serve as a simple imaging marker of neuro-cognitive dysfunction in SWS. METHODS We obtained both diffusion tensor imaging and FDG PET in 20 children (11 girls; age range: 3-12.4 years) with unilateral SWS. Diffusion parameters as well as FDG uptake were measured in thalami, compared to normal control values, and correlated with the extent of cortical hypometabolism, deep venous abnormalities and cognitive (IQ) as well as fine motor functions. RESULTS Children with SWS had significantly higher thalamic glucose metabolic asymmetry than controls (p=0.001). Thalamic metabolic asymmetries correlated positively with the asymmetry of thalamic diffusivity (p=0.001) and also with the extent of cortical hypometabolism (p<0.001). Severe thalamic asymmetries of glucose metabolism and diffusion were strong predictors of low IQ (metabolism: p=0.002; diffusivity: p=0.01), even after controlling for age and extent of cortical glucose hypometabolism in children with left hemispheric involvement. Ipsilateral thalamic glucose hypometabolism was also associated with impairment of fine motor functions (p=0.002). CONCLUSIONS Both diffusion and glucose metabolic abnormalities of the thalamus are closely related to cognitive functions, independent of age and cortical metabolic abnormalities, in children with unilateral SWS. Thalamic metabolic asymmetry is a robust but simple imaging marker of neuro-cognitive outcome in children with early unilateral hemispheric injury caused by Sturge-Weber syndrome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bálint Alkonyi
- Carman and Ann Adams Department of Pediatrics, Wayne State University School of Medicine, 3901 Beaubien Blvd, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Lamm C, Lewis MD. Developmental change in the neurophysiological correlates of self-regulation in high- and low-emotion conditions. Dev Neuropsychol 2010; 35:156-76. [PMID: 20390600 DOI: 10.1080/87565640903526512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
One of the most important tasks of childhood is learning to self-regulate in the presence of negative emotions. Until recently, almost no research has examined the neurophysiological correlates of emotional self-regulation as it develops over childhood and adolescence. We were interested in plotting a fine-grained developmental profile of the neural underpinnings of self-regulation, in the context of negative emotion, for 7- to 14-year-old children. We predicted that children would recruit less cortical activation with age in the service of self-regulation, reflecting increased neural efficiency with development. We also predicted that children would recruit more cortical activation with increased negative emotion, possibly reflecting greater demand on cortical resources. We administered a Go No-Go task with an emotion induction block and we measured the amplitude of the N2, an event related potential associated with inhibitory control, as it varied with block and with age. Furthermore, we estimated activation for a ventral prefrontal region of interest (ROI; suggestive of orbital frontal, ventromedial prefrontal, or rostral anterior cingulate activation) and a dorsomedial prefrontal ROI (suggestive of dorsal anterior cingulate activation) frequently modeled as cortical generators underlying the N2. Results revealed a marginal decrease in mediofrontal scalp activation, but a more pronounced decrease in activation of the ventromedial prefrontal ROI, with age. There were no age-related changes in dorsomedial prefrontal ROI activation. Lastly, as predicted, we found increased ventral prefrontal ROI activation during the negative emotion induction, possibly reflecting greater recruitment of frontocortical resources underlying emotion regulation, but developmental change in this activation was no different than for the other conditions. Thus, both self-regulation in general and emotion regulation in particular recruited less cortical activation with age, suggesting more efficient cortical mechanisms of response inhibition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Connie Lamm
- Child Development Laboratory, Department of Human Development, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Torpey DC, Hajcak G, Klein DN. An examination of error-related brain activity and its modulation by error value in young children. Dev Neuropsychol 2010; 34:749-61. [PMID: 20183731 DOI: 10.1080/87565640903265103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The error-related negativity (ERN) is an event-related brain potential observed in adults when errors are committed, and which appears to be sensitive to error value. Recent work suggests that the ERN can also be elicited in relatively young children using simple tasks and that ERN amplitude might be sensitive to error value. The current study employed a Go No-Go paradigm in which 5-7-year-old children (N = 18) earned low or high points for correct responses. Results indicated that errors were associated with an ERN; however, the size was not reliably moderated by error value.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dana C Torpey
- Department of Psychology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794-2500, USA.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Segalowitz SJ, Santesso DL, Murphy TI, Homan D, Chantziantoniou DK, Khan S. Retest reliability of medial frontal negativities during performance monitoring. Psychophysiology 2009; 47:260-70. [PMID: 20030755 DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-8986.2009.00942.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The error-related negativity (ERN) and feedback-related negativity (FRN) have been used as electrophysiological indices of performance monitoring produced in response to internally generated (errors) and externally generated (feedback) activations of the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC). No studies to date have systematically examined the measurement reliability of these components. In this article, we present the retest reliability of the ERN and FRN during response tasks designed to elicit errors or feedback responses on two occasions. Data from four experiments are presented in which participants performed tasks over various periods of time. Results indicate good retest reliability of the ERN and FRN amplitudes and source generation of these components. The present article provides important validation of the ERN and FRN as stable and trait-like electrophysiological reflections of performance monitoring and ACC functional integrity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sidney J Segalowitz
- Department of Psychology, Brock University, St. Catharines, Ontario, Canada.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Campbell BC, Garcia JR. Neuroanthropology: evolution and emotional embodiment. FRONTIERS IN EVOLUTIONARY NEUROSCIENCE 2009; 1:4. [PMID: 20305748 PMCID: PMC2841818 DOI: 10.3389/neuro.18.004.2009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2009] [Accepted: 11/10/2009] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The Decade of the Mind is a proposal for a research initiative focused on four areas of neuroscience, including mental health, high-level cognitive function, education, and computational applications. Organizing efforts to date have primarily included cognitive scientists, computer scientists, and engineers, as well as physicians. At the same time anthropologists have started to explore the implications of neuroscience for understanding culture. Here we suggest that evolutionary neuroscience can be used to bridge knowledge obtained by social scientists with that obtained in the neurosciences for a more complete appreciation of the mind. We consider such a perspective as neuroanthropology. We use embodiment, an anthropological concept that has been substantiated by recent findings in neuroscience, to illustrate an integrative biocultural approach within neuroanthropology and suggest future possible directions for research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin C Campbell
- Department of Anthropology, University of Wisconsin - Milwaukee Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Kumar A, Chugani HT. PET in the Assessment of Pediatric Brain Development and Developmental Disorders. PET Clin 2009; 3:487-515. [PMID: 27156816 DOI: 10.1016/j.cpet.2009.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This article discusses and reviews the role and contribution of PET in understanding the structural and functional changes that occur during brain development, and how these changes relate to behavioral and cognitive development in the infant and child. Data regarding various aspects of brain development, such as glucose metabolism, protein synthesis, and maturation and development of neurotransmitter systems will help in understanding the pathogenesis and neurologic basis of various developmental and neurologic disorders. This may help in following disease evolution and progression, planning and development of various therapeutic interventions, timing these interventions and monitoring their responses, and rendering long-term prognostication.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ajay Kumar
- Departments of Pediatrics and Neurology, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Children's Hospital of Michigan, 3901 Beaubien Boulevard, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Harry T Chugani
- Departments of Pediatrics and Neurology, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Children's Hospital of Michigan, 3901 Beaubien Boulevard, Detroit, MI 48201, USA; Division of Pediatric Neurology, Children's Hospital of Michigan, 3901 Beaubien Boulevard, Detroit, MI, USA; PET Center, Children's Hospital of Michigan, Detroit, MI 48201, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Pawlak MA, Krejza J, Rudzinski W, Kwiatkowski JL, Ichord R, Jawad AF, Tomaszewski M, Melhem ER. Sickle cell disease: ratio of blood flow velocity of intracranial to extracranial cerebral arteries--initial experience. Radiology 2009; 251:525-34. [PMID: 19401577 DOI: 10.1148/radiol.2512071180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To establish reference values of the ratios of flow velocity in the middle cerebral artery (V(MCA)) and the terminal portion of the internal carotid artery (V(tICA)) to flow velocity in the extracranial portion of internal carotid artery (V(ICA)) in children with sickle cell disease (SCD). MATERIALS AND METHODS Institutional ethics committee approval and parental informed consent were obtained for this prospective HIPAA-compliant study. Sixty-eight children (38 female; mean age, 7.7 years +/- 3.3; range, 2-14 years) with HbSS genotype, without neurologic deficits and no history of stroke, were enrolled. Final study population comprised 56 (mean age 8.0 +/- 3.3 years, 26 females) children who underwent magnetic resonance (MR) angiography, which excluded intracranial arterial narrowing, transcranial color-coded duplex ultrasonography (US), and carotid US to determine V(MCA)/V(ICA) and V(tICA)/V(ICA) ratios from angle-corrected and uncorrected velocities. Tolerance interval estimates were used to calculate reference ranges and linear regression was used to quantify associations of Doppler parameters with age adjusted for hemoglobin and hematocrit. RESULTS Reference ranges in centimeters per second for mean angle-corrected V(MCA) on the left and right sides were 62-198 and 69-153; those for V(tICA) were 30-196 and 36-175; and those for V(ICA) were 18-116 and 15-95, respectively. Reference ranges for mean angle-corrected V(MCA)/V(ICA) ratio on the left and right sides were 1.2-4.0 and 0.4-3.4 and those for V(tICA)/V(IC)(A) ratio were 0.5-2.9 and 0.5-2.7, respectively. V(MCA), V(tICA), and V(tICA)/V(ICA) ratio were not age dependent, contrary to V(ICA) and V(MCA)/V(ICA) ratio, after controlling for hematocrit and hemoglobin. CONCLUSION The study provides reference limits for V(MCA), V(tICA), V(ICA), and velocity ratios obtained from children with SCD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mikolaj A Pawlak
- Department of Radiology, Division of Neuroradiology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, 3600 Market St, Suite 370, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Modeling dose-dependent neural processing responses using mixed effects spline models: With application to a PET study of ethanol. Neuroimage 2008; 40:698-711. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2007.09.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2007] [Revised: 08/23/2007] [Accepted: 09/27/2007] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
|
44
|
Reduced thalamic 18F-flurodeoxyglucose retention in adults with neurofibromatosis type 1. Nucl Med Commun 2008; 29:17-26. [PMID: 18049093 DOI: 10.1097/mnm.0b013e3282f1bbf5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Neurofibromatosis type1 (NF1) is associated with cognitive and motor deficits whose pathogenesis is not well understood. 18F-Flurodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG PET) might be used to investigate putative functional correlates in the brain. METHODS Whole-body FDG PET including the brain had been performed in 29 NF1 patients suspected for malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumours (20 females, nine males, age 31.2+/-11.8 years). Twenty-nine age-matched and sex-matched subjects without evidence of neurological/psychiatric disease in whom FDG PET had been performed for NF1-unrelated oncological indication served as controls. Individual brain FDG retention images were stereotactically normalized and scaled to a common median retention value within the brain. Scaled FDG retention was compared between the NF1 group and the control group on a voxel-by-voxel base using ANCOVA in SPM2 with the FDG uptake period as covariate. The corrected significance level alpha=0.05 was used. Voxel-based analysis was complemented by volume of interest (VOI)-based analysis using predefined standard VOIs. RESULTS The voxel-based group comparison revealed a significant reduction of scaled FDG retention in the thalamus of the NF1 subjects within a cluster of 11.6 ml. There were no further significant effects, neither hypo-retention nor hyper-retention. Reduction of relative FDG retention in the thalamus in the NF1 subjects was confirmed by VOI analysis. The magnitude of the reduction was about 8%. CONCLUSIONS The thalamus appears to be affected in adults with NF1. The observed magnitude of the reduction of scaled thalamic FDG retention in adults is smaller than previously reported in children. This may be consistent with a stabilization of the disease process with age.
Collapse
|
45
|
Metabolic evidence for remote inhibition in epilepsies with continuous spike-waves during sleep. Neuroimage 2007; 40:802-810. [PMID: 18201907 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2007.11.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2007] [Revised: 11/28/2007] [Accepted: 11/28/2007] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Epileptic syndromes with continuous spikes and waves during sleep (CSWS) are characterized by an acute phase with the emergence of psychomotor deficits and CSWS activity and by a recovery phase in which patients' clinical condition improves together with the remission of CSWS activity. The pathophysiological mechanisms of how CSWS activity induces psychomotor regression are still poorly understood. PET studies using [18F]-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) were performed in 9 children during acute and recovery phases of CSWS. PET data were analyzed at individual and group levels using statistical parametric mapping via subtractive, exclusive masking and variance analyses. Pathophysiological interaction analyses were conducted to determine the evolution of changes in effective connectivity between hypermetabolic and hypometabolic brain areas. At the individual level, CSWS recovery was characterized by a complete or almost complete regression of both hypermetabolic and hypometabolic abnormalities observed during the acute phase. Similar evolution was observed at the group level. Indeed, altered effective connectivity between focal hypermetabolism (centro-parietal regions and right fusiform gyrus) and widespread hypometabolism (prefrontal and orbitofrontal cortices, temporal lobes, left parietal cortex, precuneus and cerebellum) was found at the acute phase and markedly regressed at recovery. This study shows that the neurophysiological effects of CSWS activity are not restricted to the epileptic foci but spread via the inhibition of remote neurons within connected brain areas. The present study suggests that these reversible remote effects participate to the psychomotor repercussions of CSWS activity.
Collapse
|
46
|
Santesso DL, Segalowitz SJ, Schmidt LA. Error-related electrocortical responses in 10-year-old children and young adults. Dev Sci 2006; 9:473-81. [PMID: 16911449 DOI: 10.1111/j.1467-7687.2006.00514.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Recent anatomical and electrophysiological evidence suggests that the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) is relatively late to mature. This brain region appears to be critical for monitoring, evaluating, and adjusting ongoing behaviors. This monitoring elicits characteristic ERP components including the error-related negativity (ERN), error positivity (Pe) and correct-related negativity (CRN), with the ERN clearly relating to activation of the ACC; however, little attention has been paid to the examination of these ERP components in children. The present study examined developmental differences in the ERN, Pe, and CRN in normal 10-year-old children and young adults in a standard visual flanker task. We found that children had smaller ERNs than adults, with no between-group differences on the Pe, and some ambiguity concerning the CRN. Results provide electrophysiological support either for late maturation of the ACC or late involvement of the ACC in response monitoring. Results also suggest that there is some functional independence of response-monitoring ERP components. Error-related ERPs may be a useful tool in studying the development of this brain region and its role in behavior in normal and atypical development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Diane L Santesso
- Department of Psychology, Brock University, St Catharines, Canada
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Bennett CM, Baird AA. Anatomical changes in the emerging adult brain: a voxel-based morphometry study. Hum Brain Mapp 2006; 27:766-77. [PMID: 16317714 PMCID: PMC6871409 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.20218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Research has consistently confirmed changes occur in brain morphometry between adolescence and adulthood. The purpose of the present study was to explore anatomical change during a specific environmental transition. High-resolution T1-weighted structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans were acquired from 19 participants (mean age at initial scan = 18.6 years) during their freshman year. Scans were completed during the fall term and 6 months later before the conclusion of the school year. Voxel-based morphometry was used to assess within-subject change. Significant intensity increases were observed along the right midcingulate, inferior anterior cingulate gyrus, right caudate head, right posterior insula, and bilateral claustrum. Regional changes were not observed in two control groups; one controlling for method and another controlling for age-specific change over time. The results suggest that significant age-related changes in brain structure continue after the age of 18 and may represent dynamic changes related to new environmental challenges. Findings from the regions of change are discussed in the context of specific environmental demands during a period of normative maturation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Craig M Bennett
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Moore Hall, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Schapiro MB, Schmithorst VJ, Wilke M, Byars AW, Strawsburg RH, Holland SK. BOLD fMRI signal increases with age in selected brain regions in children. Neuroreport 2004; 15:2575-8. [PMID: 15570155 PMCID: PMC1351216 DOI: 10.1097/00001756-200412030-00003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
To determine whether the BOLD signal used in fMRI is age dependent in childhood, 332 healthy children (age 4.9-18.9 years) performed tasks in a periodic block design during 3 T fMRI: (1) a verb generation task interleaved with a finger tapping task; (2) a word-picture matching task interleaved with an image discrimination task. Significant correlations between percent signal change in BOLD effect and age occurred in left Broca's, middle frontal, Wernicke's, and inferior parietal regions, and anterior cingulate during the verb generation task; in precentral, postcentral, middle frontal, supplementary motor, and precuneus regions during the finger tapping task; and in bilateral lingula gyri during the word-picture matching task. Thus, BOLD effect increases with age in children during sensorimotor and language tasks.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mark B Schapiro
- Division of Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and Research Foundation, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, 3333 Burnet Avenue, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Kang E, Lee DS, Kang H, Lee JS, Oh SH, Lee MC, Kim CS. Age-associated changes of cerebral glucose metabolic activity in both male and female deaf children: parametric analysis using objective volume of interest and voxel-based mapping. Neuroimage 2004; 22:1543-53. [PMID: 15275911 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2004.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2003] [Revised: 03/16/2004] [Accepted: 04/05/2004] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Quantitative analysis of brain activity in the brains of children requires the establishment of age-associated norms. We investigated regional differences in age-associated changes in fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) uptake in the developmental brains. From 87 (44 male and 43 female) deaf children from the age of 1 to 15, brain FDG positron emission tomography (PET) images were examined after spatial normalization, smoothing, and global normalization to identify brain regions showing a correlation between FDG uptake and age. Using population-based probabilistic volume of interests (VOIs), an objective VOI analysis was performed where normalized relative FDG uptake was measured and their correlations with age were examined in both genders. For the voxel-based analyses, the correlations with age were examined in a general linear model using statistical parametric mapping (SPM99). Both methods revealed that FDG uptake linearly increases with age both in the bilateral inferior prefrontal/orbitofrontal gyri and the right dorsomedial frontal gyrus and decreases in the inferior temporal gyrus and internal capsule white matter. Male children showed age-associated increases of FDG uptake in the right dorsomedial frontal gyrus, and female children in the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and thalamus. These changes in FDG uptake in various brain regions may suggest changes in synaptic density or regional activity resulting from normal maturation or deaf-induced adaptation. Caution should be exercised in interpreting the differences in the brain of child patients when compared with adult control's or with a different gender. Further research will be needed to examine if gender difference is manifested in the development rate of behavioral/cognitive functions in association with the age-associated changes of the right medial frontal (male) or the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eunjoo Kang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University, 28 Yongun-dong, Jongno-gu, Seoul 110-744, South Korea
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
Benedek K, Juhász C, Muzik O, Chugani DC, Chugani HT. Metabolic Changes of Subcortical Structures in Intractable Focal Epilepsy. Epilepsia 2004; 45:1100-5. [PMID: 15329075 DOI: 10.1111/j.0013-9580.2004.43303.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Intractable focal epilepsy is commonly associated with cortical glucose hypometabolism on interictal 2-deoxy-2[18F]-fluoro-D-glucose (FDG) positron emission tomography (PET). However, subcortical brain structures also may show hypometabolism on PET and volume changes on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies, and these are less well understood in terms of their pathophysiology and clinical significance. In the present study, we analyzed alterations of glucose metabolism in subcortical nuclei and hippocampus by using FDG-PET in young patients with intractable epilepsy. METHODS Thirty-seven patients (mean age, 7.5 years; age range, 1-27 years) with intractable frontal (n = 23) and temporal (n = 14) lobe epilepsy underwent FDG-PET scanning as part of their presurgical evaluation. Normalized glucose metabolism was measured in the thalamus and caudate and lentiform nuclei, as well as in hippocampus, both ipsi- and contralateral to the epileptic focus, and correlated with duration and age at onset of epilepsy, presence or absence of secondary generalization, location of the epileptic focus, and extent of cortical glucose hypometabolism. RESULTS Long duration of epilepsy was associated with lower glucose metabolism in the ipsilateral thalamus and hippocampus. Duration of epilepsy was a significant predictor of ipsilateral thalamic glucose metabolism in both temporal and frontal lobe epilepsy. Presence of secondarily generalized seizures also was associated with lower normalized metabolism in the ipsilateral thalamus and hippocampus. Extent of cortical hypometabolism did not correlate with subcortical metabolism, and glucose metabolism in the caudate and lentiform nuclei did not show any correlation with the clinical variables. CONCLUSIONS The findings suggest that metabolic dysfunction of the thalamus ipsilateral to the seizure focus may become more severe with long-standing temporal and frontal lobe epilepsy, and also with secondary generalization of seizures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Krisztina Benedek
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Michigan, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan 48201, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|