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Peters AM. The physiological basis of renal nuclear medicine. Nucl Med Commun 2024:00006231-990000000-00313. [PMID: 38903047 DOI: 10.1097/mnm.0000000000001872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/22/2024]
Abstract
Renal physiology underpins renal nuclear medicine, both academic and clinical. Clearance, an important concept in renal physiology, comprises tissue uptake rate of tracer (tissue clearance), disappearance rate from plasma (plasma clearance), appearance rate in urine (urinary clearance) and disappearance rate from tissue. In clinical research, steady-state plasma clearances of para-amino-hippurate and inulin have been widely used to measure renal blood flow (RBF) and glomerular filtration rate (GFR), respectively. Routinely, GFR is measured at non-steady state as plasma clearance of a filtration agent, such as technetium-99m diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid. Scaled to three-dimensional whole body metrics rather than body surface area, GFR in women is higher than in men but declines faster with age. Age-related decline is predominantly from nephron loss. Tubular function determines parenchymal transit time, which is important in renography, and the route of uptake of technetium-99m dimercaptosuccinic acid, which is via filtration. Resistance to flow is defined according to the pressure-flow relationship but in renography, only transit time can be measured, which, being equal to urine flow divided by collecting system volume, introduces further uncertainty because the volume is also unmeasurable. Tubuloglomerular feedback governs RBF and GFR, is regulated by the macula densa, mediated by adenosine and renin, and can be manipulated with proximal tubular sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors. Other determinants of renal haemodynamics include prostaglandins, nitric oxide and dopamine, while protein meal and amino acid infusion are used to measure renal functional reserve. In conclusion, for measuring renal responses to exogenous agents, steady-state para-amino-hippurate and inulin clearances should be replaced with rubidium-82 and gallium-68 EDTA for measuring RBF and GFR.
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Abdulla MH, AlMarabeh S, Bolger T, Lucking EF, O'Halloran KD, Johns EJ. Effects of intrarenal pelvic infusion of tumour necrosis factor-α and interleukin 1-β on reno-renal reflexes in anaesthetised rats. J Hypertens 2024; 42:1027-1038. [PMID: 38690904 DOI: 10.1097/hjh.0000000000003689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Reno-renal reflexes are disturbed in cardiovascular and hypertensive conditions when elevated levels of pro-inflammatory mediators/cytokines are present within the kidney. We hypothesised that exogenously administered inflammatory cytokines tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin (IL)-1β modulate the renal sympatho-excitatory response to chemical stimulation of renal pelvic sensory nerves. METHODS In anaesthetised rats, intrarenal pelvic infusions of vehicle [0.9% sodium chloride (NaCl)], TNF-α (500 and 1000 ng/kg) and IL-1β (1000 ng/kg) were maintained for 30 min before chemical activation of renal pelvic sensory receptors was performed using randomized intrarenal pelvic infusions of hypertonic NaCl, potassium chloride (KCl), bradykinin, adenosine and capsaicin. RESULTS The increase in renal sympathetic nerve activity (RSNA) in response to intrarenal pelvic hypertonic NaCl was enhanced during intrapelvic TNF-α (1000 ng/kg) and IL-1β infusions by almost 800% above vehicle with minimal changes in mean arterial pressure (MAP) and heart rate (HR). Similarly, the RSNA response to intrarenal pelvic adenosine in the presence of TNF-α (500 ng/kg), but not IL-1β, was almost 200% above vehicle but neither MAP nor HR were changed. There was a blunted sympatho-excitatory response to intrapelvic bradykinin in the presence of TNF-α (1000 ng/kg), but not IL-1β, by almost 80% below vehicle, again without effect on either MAP or HR. CONCLUSION The renal sympatho-excitatory response to renal pelvic chemoreceptor stimulation is modulated by exogenous TNF-α and IL-1β. This suggests that inflammatory mediators within the kidney can play a significant role in modulating the renal afferent nerve-mediated sympatho-excitatory response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed H Abdulla
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine and Health, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Sara AlMarabeh
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Biopharmaceutics and Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Tom Bolger
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine and Health, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Eric F Lucking
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine and Health, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Ken D O'Halloran
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine and Health, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Edward J Johns
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine and Health, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
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McFarlin BE, Duffin KL, Konkar A. Incretin and glucagon receptor polypharmacology in chronic kidney disease. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2024; 326:E747-E766. [PMID: 38477666 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00374.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease is a debilitating condition associated with significant morbidity and mortality. In recent years, the kidney effects of incretin-based therapies, particularly glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs), have garnered substantial interest in the management of type 2 diabetes and obesity. This review delves into the intricate interactions between the kidney, GLP-1RAs, and glucagon, shedding light on their mechanisms of action and potential kidney benefits. Both GLP-1 and glucagon, known for their opposing roles in regulating glucose homeostasis, improve systemic risk factors affecting the kidney, including adiposity, inflammation, oxidative stress, and endothelial function. Additionally, these hormones and their pharmaceutical mimetics may have a direct impact on the kidney. Clinical studies have provided evidence that incretins, including those incorporating glucagon receptor agonism, are likely to exhibit improved kidney outcomes. Although further research is necessary, receptor polypharmacology holds promise for preserving kidney function through eliciting vasodilatory effects, influencing volume and electrolyte handling, and improving systemic risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon E McFarlin
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Lilly Corporate CenterIndianapolisIndianaUnited States
| | - Kevin L Duffin
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Lilly Corporate CenterIndianapolisIndianaUnited States
| | - Anish Konkar
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Lilly Corporate CenterIndianapolisIndianaUnited States
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van de Burgt A, van Velden FHP, Kwakkenbos K, Smit F, de Geus-Oei LF, Dekkers IA. Dynamic rubidium-82 PET/CT as a novel tool for quantifying hemodynamic differences in renal blood flow using a one-tissue compartment model. Med Phys 2024; 51:4069-4080. [PMID: 38709908 DOI: 10.1002/mp.17080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Assessing renal perfusion in-vivo is challenging and quantitative information regarding renal hemodynamics is hardly incorporated in medical decision-making while abnormal renal hemodynamics might play a crucial role in the onset and progression of renal disease. Combining physiological stimuli with rubidium-82 positron emission tomography/computed tomography (82Rb PET/CT) offers opportunities to test the kidney perfusion under various conditions. The aim of this study is: (1) to investigate the application of a one-tissue compartment model for measuring renal hemodynamics with dynamic 82Rb PET/CT imaging, and (2) to evaluate whether dynamic PET/CT is sensitive to detect differences in renal hemodynamics in stress conditions compared to resting state. METHODS A one-tissue compartment model for the kidney was applied to cardiac 82Rb PET/CT scans that were obtained for ischemia detection as part of clinical care. Retrospective data, collected from 17 patients undergoing dynamic myocardial 82Rb PET/CT imaging in rest, were used to evaluate various CT-based volumes of interest (VOIs) of the kidney. Subsequently, retrospective data, collected from 10 patients (five impaired kidney functions and five controls) undergoing dynamic myocardial 82Rb PET/CT imaging, were used to evaluate image-derived input functions (IDIFs), PET-based VOIs of the kidney, extraction fractions, and whether dynamic 82Rb PET/CT can measure renal hemodynamics differences using the renal blood flow (RBF) values in rest and after exposure to adenosine pharmacological stress. RESULTS The delivery rate (K1) values showed no significant (p = 0.14) difference between the mean standard deviation (SD) K1 values using one CT-based VOI and the use of two, three, and four CT-based VOIs, respectively 2.01(0.32), 1.90(0.40), 1.93(0.39), and 1.94(0.40) mL/min/mL. The ratio between RBF in rest and RBF in pharmacological stress for the controls were overall significantly lower compared to the impaired kidney function group for both PET-based delineation methods (region growing and iso-contouring), with the smallest median interquartile range (IQR) of 0.40(0.28-0.66) and 0.96(0.62-1.15), respectively (p < 0.05). The K1 of the impaired kidney function group were close to 1.0 mL/min/mL. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrated that obtaining renal K1 and RBF values using 82Rb PET/CT was feasible using a one-tissue compartment model. Applying iso-contouring as the PET-based VOI of the kidney and using AA as an IDIF is suggested for consideration in further studies. Dynamic 82Rb PET/CT imaging showed significant differences in renal hemodynamics in rest compared to when exposed to adenosine. This indicates that dynamic 82Rb PET/CT has potential to detect differences in renal hemodynamics in stress conditions compared to the resting state, and might be useful as a novel diagnostic tool for assessing renal perfusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alina van de Burgt
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Alrijne hospital, Leiderdorp, The Netherlands
- Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | | - Koen Kwakkenbos
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Alrijne hospital, Leiderdorp, The Netherlands
- Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Frits Smit
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Alrijne hospital, Leiderdorp, The Netherlands
- Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Lioe-Fee de Geus-Oei
- Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Biomedical Photonic Imaging Group, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands
- Department of Radiation Science & Technology, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Ilona A Dekkers
- Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
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Higashihara E, Harada T, Fukuhara H. Juxtaglomerular apparatus-mediated homeostatic mechanisms: therapeutic implication for chronic kidney disease. Expert Opin Pharmacother 2024; 25:819-832. [PMID: 38773961 DOI: 10.1080/14656566.2024.2357188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/24/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Juxtaglomerular apparatus (JGA)-mediated homeostatic mechanism links to how sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2is) slow progression of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and may link to how tolvaptan slows renal function decline in autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD). AREA COVERED JGA-mediated homeostatic mechanism has been hypothesized based on investigations of tubuloglomerular feedback and renin-angiotensin system. We reviewed clinical trials of SGLT2is and tolvaptan to assess the relationship between this mechanism and these drugs. EXPERT OPINION When sodium load to macula densa (MD) increases, MD increases adenosine production, constricting afferent arteriole (Af-art) and protecting glomeruli. Concurrently, MD signaling suppresses renin secretion, increases urinary sodium excretion, and counterbalances reduced sodium filtration. However, when there is marked increase in sodium load per-nephron, as in advanced CKD, MD adenosine production increases, relaxing Af-art and maintaining sodium homeostasis at the expense of glomeruli. The beneficial effects of tolvaptan on renal function in ADPKD may also depend on the JGA-mediated homeostatic mechanisms since tolvaptan inhibits sodium reabsorption in the thick ascending limb.The JGA-mediated homeostatic mechanism regulates Af-arts, constricting to relaxing according to homeostatic needs. Understanding this mechanism may contribute to the development of pharmacotherapeutic compounds and better care for patients with CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eiji Higashihara
- Department of Urology, Kyorin University School of Medicine, Mitaka, Japan
| | - Takeo Harada
- Department of Renal and Cardiovascular Research, Otsuka Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Fukuhara
- Department of Urology, Kyorin University School of Medicine, Mitaka, Japan
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Thompson EJ, Zimmerman KO, Gonzalez D, Foote HP, Park S, Hill KD, Hurst JH, Hornik CD, Chamberlain RC, Gbadegesin RA, Hornik CP. Population Pharmacokinetics of Caffeine in Neonates with Congenital Heart Disease and Associations with Acute Kidney Injury. J Clin Pharmacol 2024; 64:300-311. [PMID: 37933788 PMCID: PMC10898646 DOI: 10.1002/jcph.2382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023]
Abstract
Cardiac surgery-associated acute kidney injury (CS-AKI) occurs in approximately 65% of neonates undergoing cardiac surgery on cardiopulmonary bypass and contributes to morbidity and mortality. Caffeine may reduce CS-AKI by counteracting adenosine receptor upregulation after bypass, but pharmacokinetics (PK) in this population are unknown. The goal of our analysis is to address knowledge gaps in age-, disease-, and bypass-related effects on caffeine disposition and explore preliminary associations between caffeine exposure and CS-AKI using population PK modeling techniques and an opportunistic, electronic health record-integrated trial design. We prospectively enrolled neonates receiving preoperative caffeine per standard of care and collected PK samples. We retrospectively identified neonates without caffeine exposure undergoing surgery on bypass as a control cohort. We followed US Food and Drug Administration guidance for population PK model development using NONMEM. Effects of clinical covariates on PK parameters were evaluated. We simulated perioperative exposures and used multivariable logistic regression to evaluate the association between caffeine exposure and CS-AKI. Twenty-seven neonates were included in model development. A 1-compartment model with bypass time as a covariate on clearance and volume of distribution best fit the data. Twenty-three neonates with caffeine exposure and 109 controls were included in the exposure-response analysis. Over half of neonates developed CS-AKI. On multivariable analysis, there were no significant differences between CS-AKI with and without caffeine exposure. Neonates with single-ventricle heart disease without CS-AKI had consistently higher simulated caffeine exposures. Our results highlight areas for further study to better understand disease- and bypass-specific effects on drug disposition and identify populations where caffeine may be beneficial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth J Thompson
- Department of Pediatrics, Duke University Hospital, Durham, NC, USA
- Duke Clinical Research Institute, Durham, NC, USA
- Division of Pharmacotherapy and Experimental Therapeutics, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Kanecia O Zimmerman
- Department of Pediatrics, Duke University Hospital, Durham, NC, USA
- Duke Clinical Research Institute, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Daniel Gonzalez
- Division of Pharmacotherapy and Experimental Therapeutics, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Henry P Foote
- Department of Pediatrics, Duke University Hospital, Durham, NC, USA
| | | | - Kevin D Hill
- Department of Pediatrics, Duke University Hospital, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Jillian H Hurst
- Department of Pediatrics, Duke University Hospital, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Chi D Hornik
- Department of Pediatrics, Duke University Hospital, Durham, NC, USA
- Duke Clinical Research Institute, Durham, NC, USA
| | | | | | - Christoph P Hornik
- Department of Pediatrics, Duke University Hospital, Durham, NC, USA
- Duke Clinical Research Institute, Durham, NC, USA
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Kim MJ, Jin HS, Eom YB. Coffee consumption affects kidney function based on GCKR polymorphism in a Korean population. Nutr Res 2024; 122:92-100. [PMID: 38215572 DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2023.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/14/2024]
Abstract
Kidney function can be preserved through pharmacological interventions and nonpharmacological strategies, such as lifestyle and dietary adjustments. Among these, coffee has been linked to protective effects on kidney function. However, few studies have investigated the effect of coffee consumption on kidney function according to specific genes. We hypothesized that the impact of coffee consumption on kidney function might vary depending on GCKR polymorphism. GCKR rs1260326 polymorphism was examined using the Korean genome and epidemiology data from 656 chronic kidney disease (CKD) cases and 38,540 individuals without CKD (non-CKD). GCKR polymorphism has been previously associated with both coffee consumption and kidney function in Europeans. We replicated the associations between GCKR rs1260326 and coffee consumption and kidney function in Korean individuals. We also explored the effect of coffee consumption on kidney function by multivariate logistic regression analysis. Individuals with the rs1260326 (TC/CC) genotype did not experience significant changes in CKD risk based on their coffee consumption habits. In contrast, individuals with the TT genotype exhibited a significantly lower risk of CKD based on coffee consumption. Interestingly, in the non-CKD group, a beneficial effect on estimated glomerular filtration rate was observed in individuals with the T allele as coffee consumption increased. Our findings supported the hypothesis and revealed that the impact of coffee consumption habits on kidney function may vary based on the GCKR rs1260326 genotype of Korean individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Jeong Kim
- Department of Medical Sciences, Graduate School, Soonchunhyang University, Asan, Chungnam 31538, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Seok Jin
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, College of Life and Health Sciences, Hoseo University, Asan, Chungnam 31499, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Bin Eom
- Department of Medical Sciences, Graduate School, Soonchunhyang University, Asan, Chungnam 31538, Republic of Korea; Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, College of Medical Sciences, Soonchunhyang University, Asan, Chungnam 31538, Republic of Korea.
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8
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Dai ZC, Chen JX, Zou R, Liang XB, Tang JX, Yao CW. Role and mechanisms of SGLT-2 inhibitors in the treatment of diabetic kidney disease. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1213473. [PMID: 37809091 PMCID: PMC10552262 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1213473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is a chronic inflammatory condition that affects approximately 20-40% of individuals with diabetes. Sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT-2) inhibitors, emerging as novel hypoglycemic agents, have demonstrated significant cardiorenal protective effects in patients with DKD. Initially, it was believed that the efficacy of SGLT-2 inhibitors declined as the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) decreased, which led to their preferential use in DKD patients at G1-G3 stages. However, recent findings from the DAPA-CKD and EMPA-KIDNEY studies have revealed equally beneficial cardiorenal effects of SGLT-2 inhibitors in individuals at stage G4 DKD, although the underlying mechanism behind this phenomenon remains unclear. In this comprehensive analysis, we provide a systematic review of the mechanisms and functioning of SGLT-2 inhibitors, potential renal protection mechanisms, and the therapeutic efficacy and safety of SGLT-2 inhibitors in kidney diseases, with a particular focus on stage G4 DKD. Gaining a deeper understanding of the renal protective effect of SGLT-2 inhibitors and their underlying mechanisms is highly significance for the successful utilization of these inhibitors in the treatment of diverse kidney disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Ji-Xin Tang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Autophagy and Major Chronic Non-communicable Diseases, Key Laboratory of Prevention and Management of Chronic Kidney Diseases of Zhanjiang City, Institute of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China
| | - Cui-Wei Yao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Autophagy and Major Chronic Non-communicable Diseases, Key Laboratory of Prevention and Management of Chronic Kidney Diseases of Zhanjiang City, Institute of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China
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Kutryb-Zając B, Kawecka A, Nasadiuk K, Braczko A, Stawarska K, Caiazzo E, Koszałka P, Cicala C. Drugs targeting adenosine signaling pathways: A current view. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 165:115184. [PMID: 37506580 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Adenosine is an endogenous nucleoside that regulates many physiological and pathological processes. It is derived from either the intracellular or extracellular dephosphorylation of adenosine triphosphate and interacts with cell-surface G-protein-coupled receptors. Adenosine plays a substantial role in protecting against cell damage in areas of increased tissue metabolism and preventing organ dysfunction in pathological states. Targeting adenosine metabolism and receptor signaling may be an effective therapeutic approach for human diseases, including cardiovascular and central nervous system disorders, rheumatoid arthritis, asthma, renal diseases, and cancer. Several lines of evidence have shown that many drugs exert their beneficial effects by modulating adenosine signaling pathways but this knowledge urgently needs to be summarized, and most importantly, actualized. The present review collects pharmaceuticals and pharmacological or diagnostic tools that target adenosine signaling in their primary or secondary mode of action. We overviewed FDA-approved drugs as well as those currently being studied in clinical trials. Among them are already used in clinic A2A adenosine receptor modulators like istradefylline or regadenoson, but also plenty of anti-platelet, anti-inflammatory, or immunosuppressive, and anti-cancer drugs. On the other hand, we investigated dozens of specific adenosine pathway regulators that are tested in clinical trials to treat human infectious and noninfectious diseases. In conclusion, targeting purinergic signaling represents a great therapeutic challenge. The actual knowledge of the involvement of adenosinergic signaling as part of the mechanism of action of old drugs has open a path not only for drug-repurposing but also for new therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Kutryb-Zając
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of Gdańsk, 80-211 Gdańsk, Poland.
| | - Ada Kawecka
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of Gdańsk, 80-211 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Khrystyna Nasadiuk
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of Gdańsk, 80-211 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Alicja Braczko
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of Gdańsk, 80-211 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Klaudia Stawarska
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of Gdańsk, 80-211 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Elisabetta Caiazzo
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, University of Naple Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Patrycja Koszałka
- Laboratory of Cell Biology and Immunology, Institute of Medical Biotechnology and Experimental Oncology, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology University of Gdańsk and Medical University of Gdańsk, Medical University of Gdańsk, 80-211 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Carla Cicala
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, University of Naple Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
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Sitek JD, Kuczeriszka M, Walkowska A, Kompanowska-Jezierska E, Dobrowolski L. Nonselective and A2a-Selective Inhibition of Adenosine Receptors Modulates Renal Perfusion and Excretion Depending on the Duration of Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetes in Rats. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:ph16050732. [PMID: 37242515 DOI: 10.3390/ph16050732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 05/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Long-lasting hyperglycaemia may alter the role of adenosine-dependent receptors (P1R) in the control of kidney function. We investigated how P1R activity affects renal circulation and excretion in diabetic (DM) and normoglycaemic (NG) rats; the receptors' interactions with bioavailable NO and H2O2 were also explored. The effects of adenosine deaminase (ADA, nonselective P1R inhibitor) and P1A2a-R-selective antagonist (CSC) were examined in anaesthetised rats, both after short-lasting (2-weeks, DM-14) and established (8-weeks, DM-60) streptozotocin-induced hyperglycaemia, and in normoglycaemic age-matched animals (NG-14, NG-60, respectively). The arterial blood pressure, perfusion of the whole kidney and its regions (cortex, outer-, and inner medulla), and renal excretion were determined, along with the in situ renal tissue NO and H2O2 signals (selective electrodes). The ADA treatment helped to assess the P1R-dependent difference in intrarenal baseline vascular tone (vasodilation in DM and vasoconstriction in NG rats), with the difference being more pronounced between DM-60 and NG-60 animals. The CSC treatment showed that in DM-60 rats, A2aR-dependent vasodilator tone was modified differently in individual kidney zones. Renal excretion studies after the ADA and CSC treatments showed that the balance of the opposing effects of A2aRs and other P1Rs on tubular transport, seen in the initial phase, was lost in established hyperglycaemia. Regardless of the duration of the diabetes, we observed a tonic effect of A2aR activity on NO bioavailability. Dissimilarly, the involvement of P1R in tissue production of H2O2, observed in normoglycaemia, decreased. Our functional study provides new information on the changing interaction of adenosine in the kidney, as well as its receptors and NO and H2O2, in the course of streptozotocin diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Dorota Sitek
- Department of Renal and Body Fluid Physiology, Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marta Kuczeriszka
- Department of Renal and Body Fluid Physiology, Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Walkowska
- Department of Renal and Body Fluid Physiology, Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Elżbieta Kompanowska-Jezierska
- Department of Renal and Body Fluid Physiology, Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Leszek Dobrowolski
- Department of Renal and Body Fluid Physiology, Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland
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Saunders B, da Costa LR, de Souza RAS, Barreto G, Marticorena FM. Caffeine and sport. ADVANCES IN FOOD AND NUTRITION RESEARCH 2023; 106:95-127. [PMID: 37722778 DOI: 10.1016/bs.afnr.2023.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/20/2023]
Abstract
Caffeine is a trimethylxanthine found in coffee and several other foods and beverages. Its stimulatory effects make it an interesting strategy to boost performance for athletic populations. Scientific evidence supports its efficacy to improve high-intensity endurance exercise, explosive and high-intensity efforts, resistance exercise, team sports and combat sports, though individual variation in the ergogenic response to caffeine exists. Supplementation can be taken in many forms including dissolved in water, via capsules, coffee, energy drinks and caffeinated gum; ingestion via capsules, dissolved in water or in caffeinated gum appear to be most effective. Variability in the exercise response following caffeine supplementation may be explained by genetic factors or habitual caffeine consumption. Caffeine is an excellent supplement for athletes looking to improve their exercise performance, though some consideration of side-effects and impact on sleep are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryan Saunders
- Applied Physiology and Nutrition Research Group, School of Physical Education and Sport, Rheumatology Division, Faculty of Medicine FMUSP, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Institute of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Faculty of Medicine FMUSP, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Larissa Registro da Costa
- Applied Physiology and Nutrition Research Group, School of Physical Education and Sport, Rheumatology Division, Faculty of Medicine FMUSP, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Augusto Silva de Souza
- Applied Physiology and Nutrition Research Group, School of Physical Education and Sport, Rheumatology Division, Faculty of Medicine FMUSP, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Gabriel Barreto
- Applied Physiology and Nutrition Research Group, School of Physical Education and Sport, Rheumatology Division, Faculty of Medicine FMUSP, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Felipe Miguel Marticorena
- Applied Physiology and Nutrition Research Group, School of Physical Education and Sport, Rheumatology Division, Faculty of Medicine FMUSP, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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Ősz BE, Jîtcă G, Ștefănescu RE, Pușcaș A, Tero-Vescan A, Vari CE. Caffeine and Its Antioxidant Properties-It Is All about Dose and Source. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:13074. [PMID: 36361861 PMCID: PMC9654796 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232113074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 10/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 08/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Caffeine is the most frequently used substance with a central nervous system stimulant effect, but its consumption is most often due to the intake of foods and drinks that contain it (coffee, tea, chocolate, food supplements with plant extracts of Guarana, Mate herba, Cola nuts). Due to its innocuity, caffeine is a safe xanthine alkaloid for human consumption in a wide range of doses, being used for its central nervous stimulating effect, lipolytic and diuresis-enhancing properties, but also as a permitted ergogenic compound in athletes. In addition to the mechanisms that explain the effects of caffeine on the targeted organ, there are many proposed mechanisms by which this substance would have antioxidant effects. As such, its consumption prevents the occurrence/progression of certain neurodegenerative diseases as well as other medical conditions associated with increased levels of reactive oxygen or nitrogen species. However, most studies that have assessed the beneficial effects of caffeine have used pure caffeine. The question, therefore, arises whether the daily intake of caffeine from food or drink has similar benefits, considering that in foods or drinks with a high caffeine content, there are other substances that could interfere with this action, either by potentiating or decreasing its antioxidant capacity. Natural sources of caffeine often combine plant polyphenols (phenol-carboxylic acids, catechins) with known antioxidant effects; however, stimulant drinks and dietary supplements often contain sugars or artificial sweeteners that can significantly reduce the effects of caffeine on oxidative stress. The objective of this review is to clarify the effects of caffeine in modulating oxidative stress and assess these benefits, considering the source and the dose administered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bianca-Eugenia Ősz
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology of Targu Mures, 540139 Targu Mures, Romania
| | - George Jîtcă
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology of Targu Mures, 540139 Targu Mures, Romania
| | - Ruxandra-Emilia Ștefănescu
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Phytotherapy, Faculty of Pharmacy, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology of Targu Mures, 540139 Targu Mures, Romania
| | - Amalia Pușcaș
- Department of Biochemistry and Chemistry of Environmental Factors, Faculty of Pharmacy, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology of Targu Mures, 540139 Targu Mures, Romania
| | - Amelia Tero-Vescan
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology of Targu Mures, 540139 Targu Mures, Romania
| | - Camil-Eugen Vari
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology of Targu Mures, 540139 Targu Mures, Romania
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Pak ES, Cha JJ, Cha DR, Kanasaki K, Ha H. Adenosine receptors as emerging therapeutic targets for diabetic kidney disease. Kidney Res Clin Pract 2022; 41:S74-S88. [PMID: 36239063 PMCID: PMC9590297 DOI: 10.23876/j.krcp.22.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Revised: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 08/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is now a pandemic worldwide, and novel therapeutic options are urgently required. Adenosine, an adenosine triphosphate metabolite, plays a role in kidney homeostasis through interacting with four types of adenosine receptors (ARs): A1AR, A2AAR, A2BAR, and A3AR. Increasing evidence highlights the role of adenosine and ARs in the development and progression of DKD: 1) increased adenosine in the plasma and urine of diabetics with kidney injury, 2) increased expression of each of the ARs in diabetic kidneys, 3) the protective effect of coffee, a commonly ingested nonselective AR antagonist, on DKD, and 4) the protective effect of AR modulators in experimental DKD models. We propose AR modulators as a new therapeutic option to treat DKD. Detailed mechanistic studies on the pharmacology of AR modulators will help us to develop effective first-in-class AR modulators against DKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Seon Pak
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Joo Cha
- Department of Nephrology, Korea University Ansan Hospital, Ansan, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae Ryong Cha
- Department of Nephrology, Korea University Ansan Hospital, Ansan, Republic of Korea
| | - Keizo Kanasaki
- Department of Internal Medical 1, Shimane University Faculty of Medicine, Izumo, Japan
| | - Hunjoo Ha
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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14
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Plants with Therapeutic Potential for Ischemic Acute Kidney Injury: A Systematic Review. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2022; 2022:6807700. [PMID: 35656467 PMCID: PMC9152371 DOI: 10.1155/2022/6807700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a complex condition which has an intricate pathology mostly involving hemodynamic, inflammatory, and direct toxic effects at the cellular level with high morbidity and mortality ratios. Renal ischemic reperfusion injury (RIRI) is the main factor responsible for AKI, most often observed in different types of shock, kidney transplantation, sepsis, and postoperative procedures. The RIRI-induced AKI is accompanied by increased reactive oxygen species generation together with the activation of various inflammatory pathways. In this context, plant-derived medicines have shown encouraging nephroprotective properties. Evidence provided in this systemic review leads to the conclusion that plant-derived extracts and compounds exhibit nephroprotective action against renal ischemic reperfusion induced-AKI by increasing endogenous antioxidants and decreasing anti-inflammatory cytokines. However, there is no defined biomarker or target which can be used for treating AKI completely. These plant-derived extracts and compounds are only tested in selected transgenic animal models. To develop the results obtained into a therapeutic entity, one should apply them in proper vertebrate multitransgenic animal models prior to further validation in humans.
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Shimada K, Kanasaki K, Kato M, Ogura Y, Takagaki Y, Monno I, Hirai T, Kitada M, Koya D. Adenosine/A1R signaling pathway did not play dominant roles on the influence of SGLT2 inhibitor in the kidney of BSA‐overloaded STZ‐induced diabetic mice. J Diabetes Investig 2022; 13:955-964. [PMID: 35098679 PMCID: PMC9153834 DOI: 10.1111/jdi.13760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Revised: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims/Introduction Sodium–glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) have been shown to display excellent renoprotective effects in diabetic kidney disease with macroalbuminuria/proteinuria. Regarding the renoprotective mechanism of SGLT2i, a sophisticated hypothesis was made by explaining the suppression of glomerular hypertension/hyperfiltration through the adenosine/adenosine type 1 receptor (A1R) signaling‐mediated restoration of the tubuloglomerular feedback mechanism; however, how such A1R signaling is relevant for renoprotection by SGLT2i in diabetic kidney disease with proteinuria has not been elucidated. Materials and Methods Streptozotocin‐induced diabetic CD‐1 mice were injected with bovine serum albumin (BSA) and treated with SGLT2i in the presence/absence of A1R inhibitor administration. Results We found that the influences of SGLT2i are essentially independent of the activation of A1R signaling in the kidney of BSA‐overloaded streptozotocin‐induced diabetic mice. BSA‐overloaded diabetic mice showed the trend of kidney damage with higher glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and the significant induction of fibrogenic genes, such as transforming growth factor‐β2 and collagen type III. SGLT2i TA‐1887 suppressed diabetes‐induced GFR in BSA‐overloaded diabetic mice was associated with the significant suppression of transforming growth factor‐β2 and collagen type III; A1R‐specific inhibitor 8‐cyclopentyl‐1,3‐dipropylxanthine did not cancel the effects of TA‐1887 on either GFR or associated gene levels. Both TA‐1887 and 8‐cyclopentyl‐1,3‐dipropylxanthine‐treated BSA‐overloaded diabetic mice showed suppressed glycated hemoglobin levels associated with the increased food intake. When analyzing the association among histological evaluation, GFR and potential fibrogenic gene levels, each group of mice showed distinct correlation patterns. Conclusions A1R signaling activation was not the dominant mechanism on the influence of SGLT2i in the kidney of BSA‐overloaded diabetic mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keiji Shimada
- Department of Diabetology and Endocrinology Kanazawa Medical University
| | - Keizo Kanasaki
- Department of Diabetology and Endocrinology Kanazawa Medical University
- Division of Anticipatory Molecular Food Science and Technology Medical Research Institute Kanazawa Medical University Uchinada, Ishikawa Japan
- Internal Medical 1 Shimane University Faculty of Medicine Izumo, Shimane Japan
| | - Makoto Kato
- Ikuyaku. Integrated Value Development Division Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Corporation Tokyo Japan
- Naka Kinen Clinic Ibaraki Japan
- Department of Cardiology International Medical Center Saitama Medical University Saitama Japan
| | - Yoshio Ogura
- Department of Diabetology and Endocrinology Kanazawa Medical University
| | - Yuta Takagaki
- Department of Diabetology and Endocrinology Kanazawa Medical University
| | - Itaru Monno
- Department of Diabetology and Endocrinology Kanazawa Medical University
| | - Taro Hirai
- Department of Diabetology and Endocrinology Kanazawa Medical University
| | - Munehiro Kitada
- Department of Diabetology and Endocrinology Kanazawa Medical University
- Division of Anticipatory Molecular Food Science and Technology Medical Research Institute Kanazawa Medical University Uchinada, Ishikawa Japan
| | - Daisuke Koya
- Department of Diabetology and Endocrinology Kanazawa Medical University
- Division of Anticipatory Molecular Food Science and Technology Medical Research Institute Kanazawa Medical University Uchinada, Ishikawa Japan
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Yan H, Su R, Xue H, Gao C, Li X, Wang C. Pharmacomicrobiology of Methotrexate in Rheumatoid Arthritis: Gut Microbiome as Predictor of Therapeutic Response. Front Immunol 2022; 12:789334. [PMID: 34975886 PMCID: PMC8719371 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.789334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a disabling autoimmune disease with invasive arthritis as the main manifestation and synovitis as the basic pathological change, which can cause progressive destruction of articular cartilage and bone, ultimately leading to joint deformity and loss of function. Since its introduction in the 1980s and its widespread use in the treatment of RA, low-dose methotrexate (MTX) therapy has dramatically changed the course and outcome of RA treatment. The clinical use of this drug will be more rational with a better understanding of the pharmacology, anti-inflammatory mechanisms of action and adverse reaction about it. At present, the current clinical status of newly diagnosed RA is that MTX is initiated first regardless of the patients’ suitability. But up to 50% of patients could not reach adequate clinical efficacy or have severe adverse events. Prior to drug initiation, a prognostic tool for treatment response is lacking, which is thought to be the most important cause of the situation. A growing body of studies have shown that differences in microbial metagenomes (including bacterial strains, genes, enzymes, proteins and/or metabolites) in the gastrointestinal tract of RA patients may at least partially determine their bioavailability and/or subsequent response to MTX. Based on this, some researchers established a random forest model to predict whether different RA patients (with different gut microbiome) would respond to MTX. Of course, MTX, in turn, alters the gut microbiome in a dose-dependent manner. The interaction between drugs and microorganisms is called pharmacomicrobiology. Then, the concept of precision medicine has been raised. In this view, we summarize the characteristics and anti-inflammatory mechanisms of MTX and highlight the interaction between gut microbiome and MTX aiming to find the optimal treatment for patients according to individual differences and discuss the application and prospect of precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huanhuan Yan
- Department of Rheumatology, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Rui Su
- Department of Rheumatology, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Hongwei Xue
- Department of Rheumatology, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Chong Gao
- Pathology, Joint Program in Transfusion Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital/Children' s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Xiaofeng Li
- Department of Rheumatology, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Caihong Wang
- Department of Rheumatology, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
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Raines NH, Cheung MD, Wilson LS, Edberg JC, Erdmann NB, Schmaier AA, Berryhill TF, Manickas-Hill Z, Li JZ, Yu XG, Agarwal A, Barnes S, Parikh SM. Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide Biosynthetic Impairment and Urinary Metabolomic Alterations Observed in Hospitalized Adults With COVID-19-Related Acute Kidney Injury. Kidney Int Rep 2021; 6:3002-3013. [PMID: 34541422 PMCID: PMC8439094 DOI: 10.1016/j.ekir.2021.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Acute kidney injury (AKI) is common in COVID-19 and associated with increased morbidity and mortality. We investigated alterations in the urine metabolome to test the hypothesis that impaired nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) biosynthesis and other deficiencies in energy metabolism in the kidney, previously characterized in ischemic, toxic, and inflammatory etiologies of AKI, will be present in COVID-19-associated AKI. METHODS This is a case-control study among the following 2 independent populations of adults hospitalized with COVID-19: a critically ill population in Boston, Massachusetts, and a general population in Birmingham, Alabama. The cases had AKI stages 2 or 3 by Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) criteria; the controls had no AKI. Metabolites were measured by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. RESULTS A total of 14 cases and 14 controls were included from Boston and 8 cases and 10 controls from Birmingham. Increased urinary quinolinate-to-tryptophan ratio (Q/T), found with impaired NAD+ biosynthesis, was present in the cases at each location and pooled across locations (median [interquartile range]: 1.34 [0.59-2.96] in cases, 0.31 [0.13-1.63] in controls, P = 0.0013). Altered energy metabolism and purine metabolism contributed to a distinct urinary metabolomic signature that differentiated patients with and without AKI (supervised random forest class error: 2 of 28 in Boston, 0 of 18 in Birmingham). CONCLUSION Urinary metabolites spanning multiple biochemical pathways differentiate AKI versus non-AKI in patients hospitalized with COVID-19 and suggest a conserved impairment in NAD+ biosynthesis, which may present a novel therapeutic target to mitigate COVID-19-associated AKI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan H. Raines
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Matthew D. Cheung
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Landon S. Wilson
- Targeted Metabolomics and Proteomics Laboratory, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Jeffrey C. Edberg
- Division of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Nathaniel B. Erdmann
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Alec A. Schmaier
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Taylor F. Berryhill
- Targeted Metabolomics and Proteomics Laboratory, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Zachary Manickas-Hill
- Ragon Institute of the Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH), Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) and Harvard University, Massachusetts General Hospital, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jonathan Z. Li
- Infectious Disease Division, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Xu G. Yu
- Ragon Institute of the Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH), Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) and Harvard University, Massachusetts General Hospital, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Anupam Agarwal
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Stephen Barnes
- Targeted Metabolomics and Proteomics Laboratory, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Samir M. Parikh
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
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18
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Renal tissue oxygenation after caffeine administration in preterm neonates. Pediatr Res 2021; 90:1171-1176. [PMID: 34006983 DOI: 10.1038/s41390-021-01579-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Revised: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Caffeine has been associated with reduced rates of acute kidney injury (AKI) in preterm neonates. The effect of caffeine on preterm neonatal renal regional saturation of oxygen (RrSO2) is unknown. METHODS RrSO2 was recorded continuously in neonates < 32 weeks' gestation until 7 days of age with INVOS™ neonatal near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) sensors. Baseline RrSO2 values were established by averaging the saturations in the 20 min prior to caffeine administration. Subgroup analysis was performed based on pre-caffeine RrSO2 averages. Change in RrSO2 was recorded at 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, and 12 h after maintenance caffeine administration. RESULTS Of 35 eligible neonates, 31 (median gestational age 28.4 weeks) received 156 caffeine doses (median 8 mg/kg). Analysis of combined doses showed no significant changes in RrSO2 after caffeine administration at any time. However, neonates with baseline 20-29.9% had significant increases from 1 to 12 h (range of increase 5.9-13.9%), and those with baseline 30-39.9 had significant increases at 1 h (8.06%, p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Maintenance caffeine dosing increased RrSO2 in neonates with low RrSO2 in the first week. Further research is needed to determine the effect of loading doses of caffeine and if increases in RrSO2 correlate with improved clinical kidney outcomes. IMPACT Caffeine administration is associated with increased renal tissue oxygenation in preterm neonates with low baseline values under 40%. The most significant renal tissue oxygenation changes occur in the first 3 h after IV caffeine administration. With recent studies suggesting low RrSO2 values in preterm neonates are associated with AKI, caffeine should be studied as a potential therapeutic for this common and complex morbidity in preterm neonates.
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Ahmad AA, Draves SO, Rosca M. Mitochondria in Diabetic Kidney Disease. Cells 2021; 10:cells10112945. [PMID: 34831168 PMCID: PMC8616075 DOI: 10.3390/cells10112945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Revised: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is the leading cause of end stage renal disease (ESRD) in the USA. The pathogenesis of DKD is multifactorial and involves activation of multiple signaling pathways with merging outcomes including thickening of the basement membrane, podocyte loss, mesangial expansion, tubular atrophy, and interstitial inflammation and fibrosis. The glomerulo-tubular balance and tubule-glomerular feedback support an increased glomerular filtration and tubular reabsorption, with the latter relying heavily on ATP and increasing the energy demand. There is evidence that alterations in mitochondrial bioenergetics in kidney cells lead to these pathologic changes and contribute to the progression of DKD towards ESRD. This review will focus on the dialogue between alterations in bioenergetics in glomerular and tubular cells and its role in the development of DKD. Alterations in energy substrate selection, electron transport chain, ATP generation, oxidative stress, redox status, protein posttranslational modifications, mitochondrial dynamics, and quality control will be discussed. Understanding the role of bioenergetics in the progression of diabetic DKD may provide novel therapeutic approaches to delay its progression to ESRD.
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Ravindran S, Munusamy S. Renoprotective mechanisms of sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors against the progression of diabetic kidney disease. J Cell Physiol 2021; 237:1182-1205. [PMID: 34713897 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Revised: 10/02/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2-Is) have emerged as a promising class of antidiabetic drugs with cardioprotective and renoprotective effects in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D). The sodium-glucose co-transporters 1 and 2 (SGLT 1 and SGLT2) located in the renal proximal tubules are responsible for glucose reabsorption from the glomerular filtrate back into the systemic circulation. Inhibition of SGLT2, which accounts for about 90% of the glucose reabsorption, leads to a significant reduction in blood glucose levels and a concomitant increase in the urinary excretion of glucose (glycosuria). Multiple mechanisms contribute to the nephroprotective effects of SGLT2-Is in T2D patients. These include: (1) Restoration of the tubuloglomerular feedback by increasing sodium delivery at macula densa, leading to afferent arteriolar constriction and reduced glomerular hyperfiltration, (2) Decreased activation of the intra-renal renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, which also contributes to reducing glomerular hyperfiltration, (3) Increased production of ketone bodies, which serves as an alternate fuel for adenosine triphosphate production in mitochondria, which helps in attenuating inflammation, and (4) Protection against hypoxia, oxidative stress, and fibrosis. This review elaborates on the key mechanisms that underlie the nephroprotective effects and the adverse effects of SGLT2-Is in T2D patients with progressive diabetic kidney disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Shankar Munusamy
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Administrative Sciences, Drake University College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Des Moines, Iowa, USA
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21
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Franco R, Rivas-Santisteban R, Navarro G, Reyes-Resina I. Adenosine Receptor Antagonists to Combat Cancer and to Boost Anti-Cancer Chemotherapy and Immunotherapy. Cells 2021; 10:cells10112831. [PMID: 34831054 PMCID: PMC8616521 DOI: 10.3390/cells10112831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Revised: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular adenosine accumulates in the environment of numerous tumors. For years, this fact has fueled preclinical research to determine whether adenosine receptors (ARs) could be the target to fight cancer. The four ARs discovered so far, A1, A2A, A2B and A3, belong to the class A family of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) and all four have been involved in one way or another in regulating tumor progression. Prompted by the successful anti-cancer immunotherapy, the focus was placed on the ARs more involved in regulation of immune cell differentiation and activation and that are able to establish molecular and functional interactions. This review focuses on the potential of A2A and A2B receptor antagonists in cancer control and in boosting anti-cancer chemotherapy and immunotherapy. The article also overviews the ongoing clinical trials in which A2AR and A2BR ligands are being tested in anti-cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Franco
- CiberNed, Network Research Center, Neurodegenerative Diseases, Spanish National Health Institute Carlos III, 28034 Madrid, Spain; (R.R.-S.); (G.N.); (I.R.-R.)
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Correspondence: or
| | - Rafael Rivas-Santisteban
- CiberNed, Network Research Center, Neurodegenerative Diseases, Spanish National Health Institute Carlos III, 28034 Madrid, Spain; (R.R.-S.); (G.N.); (I.R.-R.)
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gemma Navarro
- CiberNed, Network Research Center, Neurodegenerative Diseases, Spanish National Health Institute Carlos III, 28034 Madrid, Spain; (R.R.-S.); (G.N.); (I.R.-R.)
- Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Science, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Irene Reyes-Resina
- CiberNed, Network Research Center, Neurodegenerative Diseases, Spanish National Health Institute Carlos III, 28034 Madrid, Spain; (R.R.-S.); (G.N.); (I.R.-R.)
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
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22
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Badmus OO, Areola ED, Benjamin E, Obekpa MA, Adegoke TE, Elijah OE, Imam A, Olajide OJ, Olatunji LA. Suppression of Adenosine Deaminase and Xanthine Oxidase Activities by Mineralocorticoid and Glucocorticoid Receptor Blockades Restores Renal Antioxidative Barrier in Oral Contraceptive-Treated Dam. J Renin Angiotensin Aldosterone Syst 2021; 2021:9966372. [PMID: 34285713 PMCID: PMC8265027 DOI: 10.1155/2021/9966372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 04/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We tested the hypothesis that postpartum combined oral contraceptive (COC) treatment would induce oxidative stress via the adenosine deaminase-xanthine oxidase pathway in the kidney. We also sought to determine whether mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) or glucocorticoid receptor (GR ) blockade would suppress the activities of ADA and xanthine oxidase caused by postpartum COC treatment in the kidney. METHODS Twenty-four Wistar dams were randomly assigned to 4 groups (n = 6/group). Dams received vehicle (po), COC (1.0 μg ethinylestradiol and 5.0 μg levonorgestrel; po), COC with GR blockade (mifepristone; 80.0 mg/kg; po), and COC with MR blockade (spironolactone; 0.25 mg/kg; po) daily between 3rd and 11th week postpartum. RESULTS Data showed that postpartum COC caused increased plasma creatinine and urea, increased renal triglyceride/high-density lipoprotein ratio, free fatty acid accumulation, alanine aminotransferase, gamma-glutamyltransferase, uric acid, and activities of renal XO and ADA. On the other hand, postpartum COC resulted in decreased plasma albumin, renal glutathione, and Na+-K+-ATPase activity with no effect on lactate production. However, MR or GR blockade ameliorated the alterations induced by postpartum COC treatment. The present results demonstrate that MR or GR blockade ameliorates postpartum COC-induced increased activities of ADA and xanthine oxidase and restores glutathione-dependent antioxidative defense. CONCLUSION These findings implicate the involvements of GR and MR in renal dysfunctions caused by COC in dams via disrupted glutathione antioxidative barrier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olufunto O. Badmus
- HOPE Cardiometabolic Research Team and Department of Physiology, College of Health Sciences, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria
- Department of Public Health, Kwara State University, Malete, Nigeria
| | - Emmanuel D. Areola
- HOPE Cardiometabolic Research Team and Department of Physiology, College of Health Sciences, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria
| | - Eleojo Benjamin
- HOPE Cardiometabolic Research Team and Department of Physiology, College of Health Sciences, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria
| | - Matthew A. Obekpa
- HOPE Cardiometabolic Research Team and Department of Physiology, College of Health Sciences, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria
| | - Tolulope E. Adegoke
- HOPE Cardiometabolic Research Team and Department of Physiology, College of Health Sciences, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria
- Department of Physiology, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Nigeria
| | - Oluwatobi E. Elijah
- HOPE Cardiometabolic Research Team and Department of Physiology, College of Health Sciences, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria
| | - Aminu Imam
- Department of Anatomy, College of Health Sciences, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria
| | - Olayemi J. Olajide
- Department of Anatomy, College of Health Sciences, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria
| | - Lawrence A. Olatunji
- HOPE Cardiometabolic Research Team and Department of Physiology, College of Health Sciences, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria
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Consumption of caffeinated beverages and kidney function decline in an elderly Mediterranean population with metabolic syndrome. Sci Rep 2021; 11:8719. [PMID: 33888780 PMCID: PMC8062443 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-88028-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
It remains unclear whether caffeinated beverages could have deleterious renal effects in elderly population with underlying comorbid conditions. We investigated the associations between coffee, tea, or caffeine intake and 1-year changes in glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) in a large Spanish cohort of overweight/obese elderly with metabolic syndrome (MetS). This prospective analysis includes 5851 overweight/obese adults (55-75 years) with MetS from the PREDIMED-Plus study. We assessed coffee, tea, and caffeine consumption from a validated food-frequency questionnaire and creatinine-based eGFR using the Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration equation. Multivariate-adjusted regression models were applied to test associations between baseline coffee, tea, or caffeine intake and 1-year eGFR changes. Caffeinated coffee (> 2 cups/day) and tea (at least 1 cup/day) drinkers had 0.88 and 0.93 mL/min/1.73 m2 greater eGFR decrease respectively, compared to those with less than 1 cup/day of coffee consumption or non-tea drinkers. Furthermore, caffeinated coffee consumption of > 2 cups/day was associated with 1.19-fold increased risk of rapid eGFR decline > 3 mL/min/1.73 m2 (95% CI 1.01-1.41). Similarly, individuals in the highest (median, 51.2 mg/day) tertile of caffeine intake had a 0.87 mL/min/1.73 m2 greater eGFR decrease. Decaffeinated coffee was not associated with eGFR changes. In conclusion, higher consumption of caffeinated coffee, tea, and caffeine was associated with a greater 1-year eGFR decline in overweight/obese adults with MetS.
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Reuter SE, Schultz HB, Ward MB, Grant CL, Paech GM, Banks S, Evans AM. The effect of high-dose, short-term caffeine intake on the renal clearance of calcium, sodium and creatinine in healthy adults. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2021; 87:4461-4466. [PMID: 33852164 DOI: 10.1111/bcp.14856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2020] [Revised: 03/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The consumption of caffeine has been linked to osteoporosis, believed to be due to enhanced bone resorption as a result of increased calcium excretion in the urine. However, the amount of calcium in the urine may not necessarily reflect the true effect of caffeine on calcium clearance. This study therefore examined the impact of high-dose, short-term caffeine intake on renal clearance of calcium, sodium and creatinine in healthy adults. In a double-blind clinical study, participants chewed caffeine (n = 12) or placebo (n = 12) gum for 5 minutes at 2-hour intervals over a 6-hour treatment period (800 mg total caffeine). Caffeine increased renal calcium clearance by 77%. Furthermore, the effect was positively correlated with sodium clearance and urine volume, suggesting that caffeine may act through inhibition of sodium reabsorption in the proximal convoluted tubule. This study confirmed that caffeine does increase renal calcium clearance and fosters further investigation into safe consumption of caffeine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie E Reuter
- UniSA Clinical & Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Hayley B Schultz
- UniSA Clinical & Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Michael B Ward
- UniSA Clinical & Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Crystal L Grant
- Behaviour-Brain-Body Research Group, UniSA Justice & Society, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Gemma M Paech
- Behaviour-Brain-Body Research Group, UniSA Justice & Society, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia.,Department of Respiratory & Sleep Medicine, John Hunter Hospital, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - Siobhan Banks
- Behaviour-Brain-Body Research Group, UniSA Justice & Society, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Allan M Evans
- UniSA Clinical & Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
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25
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Breathing Life Back Into the Kidney—Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy and Veno-Venous Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation. ASAIO J 2021; 67:208-212. [DOI: 10.1097/mat.0000000000001210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
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26
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Patinha D, Abreu C, Carvalho C, Cunha OM, Mota M, Afonso J, Sousa T, Albino-Teixeira A, Diniz C, Morato M. Adenosine A 2A and A 3 Receptors as Targets for the Treatment of Hypertensive-Diabetic Nephropathy. Biomedicines 2020; 8:biomedicines8110529. [PMID: 33238361 PMCID: PMC7700226 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines8110529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Revised: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) and hypertension are prime causes for end-stage renal disease (ESRD) that often coexist in patients, but are seldom studied in combination. Kidney adenosine levels are markedly increased in diabetes, and the expression and function of renal adenosine receptors are altered in experimental diabetes. The aim of this work is to explore the impact of endogenous and exogenous adenosine on the expression/distribution profile of its receptors along the nephron of hypertensive rats with experimentally-induced diabetes. Using spontaneously hypertensive (SHR) rats rendered diabetic with streptozotocin (STZ), we show that treatment of SHR-STZ rats with an agonist of adenosine receptors increases A2A immunoreactivity in superficial glomeruli (SG), proximal tubule (PCT), and distal tubule (DCT). Differently, treatment of SHR-STZ rats with a xanthinic antagonist of adenosine receptors decreases adenosine A3 immunoreactivity in SG, PCT, DCT, and collecting duct. There is no difference in the immunoreactivity against the adenosine A1 and A2B receptors between the experimental groups. The agonist of adenosine receptors ameliorates renal fibrosis, probably via A2A receptors, while the antagonist exacerbates it, most likely due to tonic activation of A3 receptors. The reduction in adenosine A3 immunoreactivity might be due to receptor downregulation in response to prolonged activation. Altogether, these results suggest an opposite regulation exerted by endogenous and exogenous adenosine upon the expression of its A2A and A3 receptors along the nephron of hypertensive diabetic rats, which has a functional impact and should be taken into account when considering novel therapeutic targets for hypertensive-diabetic nephropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Patinha
- Department of Biomedicine—Unit of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal; (D.P.); (J.A.); (T.S.); (A.A.-T.)
- The Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, Medical School, University of Exeter, EX4 4QJ Exeter, UK
| | - Carla Abreu
- LAQV@REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Pharmacology, Department of Drug Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; (C.A.); (C.C.); (O.M.C.); (M.M.); (M.M.)
| | - Carla Carvalho
- LAQV@REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Pharmacology, Department of Drug Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; (C.A.); (C.C.); (O.M.C.); (M.M.); (M.M.)
| | - Olga Mariana Cunha
- LAQV@REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Pharmacology, Department of Drug Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; (C.A.); (C.C.); (O.M.C.); (M.M.); (M.M.)
| | - Mariana Mota
- LAQV@REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Pharmacology, Department of Drug Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; (C.A.); (C.C.); (O.M.C.); (M.M.); (M.M.)
| | - Joana Afonso
- Department of Biomedicine—Unit of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal; (D.P.); (J.A.); (T.S.); (A.A.-T.)
- MedInUP—Center for Drug Discovery and Innovative Medicines, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
| | - Teresa Sousa
- Department of Biomedicine—Unit of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal; (D.P.); (J.A.); (T.S.); (A.A.-T.)
- MedInUP—Center for Drug Discovery and Innovative Medicines, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
| | - António Albino-Teixeira
- Department of Biomedicine—Unit of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal; (D.P.); (J.A.); (T.S.); (A.A.-T.)
- MedInUP—Center for Drug Discovery and Innovative Medicines, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
| | - Carmen Diniz
- LAQV@REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Pharmacology, Department of Drug Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; (C.A.); (C.C.); (O.M.C.); (M.M.); (M.M.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Manuela Morato
- LAQV@REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Pharmacology, Department of Drug Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; (C.A.); (C.C.); (O.M.C.); (M.M.); (M.M.)
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27
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Gronda E, Jessup M, Iacoviello M, Palazzuoli A, Napoli C. Glucose Metabolism in the Kidney: Neurohormonal Activation and Heart Failure Development. J Am Heart Assoc 2020; 9:e018889. [PMID: 33190567 PMCID: PMC7763788 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.120.018889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The liver is not the exclusive site of glucose production in humans in the postabsorptive state. Robust data support that the kidney is capable of gluconeogenesis and studies have demonstrated that renal glucose production can increase systemic glucose production. The kidney has a role in maintaining glucose body balance, not only as an organ for gluconeogenesis but by using glucose as a metabolic substrate. The kidneys reabsorb filtered glucose through the sodium‐glucose cotransporters sodium‐glucose cotransporter (SGLT) 1 and SGLT2, which are localized on the brush border membrane of the early proximal tubule with immune detection of their expression in the tubularized Bowman capsule. In patients with diabetes mellitus, the renal maximum glucose reabsorptive capacity, and the threshold for glucose passage into the urine, are higher and contribute to the hyperglycemic state. The administration of SGLT2 inhibitors to patients with diabetes mellitus enhances sodium and glucose excretion, leading to a reduction of the glycosuria threshold and tubular maximal transport of glucose. The net effects of SGLT2 inhibition are to drive a reduction in plasma glucose levels, improving insulin secretion and sensitivity. The benefit of SGLT2 inhibitors goes beyond glycemic control, since inhibition of renal glucose reabsorption affects blood pressure and improves the hemodynamic profile and the tubule glomerular feedback. This action acts to rebalance the dense macula response by restoring adenosine production and restraining renin‐angiotensin‐aldosterone activation. By improving renal and cardiovascular function, we explain the impressive reduction in adverse outcomes associated with heart failure supporting the current clinical perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edoardo Gronda
- Programma Cardiorenale U.O.C. Nefrologia Dialisi e Trapianto Renale dell'Adulto Dipartimento di Medicina e Specialità Mediche Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico Milan Italy
| | | | - Massimo Iacoviello
- SC Cardiologia Dipartimento delle Scienze Mediche e Chirurgiche AOU Policlinico Riuniti di FoggiaUniversità degli Studi di Foggia Foggia Italy
| | - Alberto Palazzuoli
- Divisione di Malattie Cardiovascolari Dipartimento di Medicina Interna Università di Siena Italy
| | - Claudio Napoli
- Clinical Department of Internal Medicine and Specialistics Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences Università della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli" Naples Italy.,IRCCS SDN Naples Italy
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Khailova L, Robison J, Jaggers J, Ing R, Lawson S, Treece A, Soranno D, Osorio Lujan S, Davidson JA. Tissue alkaline phosphatase activity and expression in an experimental infant swine model of cardiopulmonary bypass with deep hypothermic circulatory arrest. JOURNAL OF INFLAMMATION-LONDON 2020; 17:27. [PMID: 32817746 PMCID: PMC7422466 DOI: 10.1186/s12950-020-00256-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Background Infant cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass results in decreased circulating alkaline phosphatase that is associated with poor postoperative outcomes. Bovine intestinal alkaline phosphatase infusion represents a novel therapy for post-cardiac surgery organ injury. However, the effects of cardiopulmonary bypass and bovine-intestinal alkaline phosphatase infusion on tissue-level alkaline phosphatase activity/expression are unknown. Methods Infant pigs (n = 20) underwent cardiopulmonary bypass with deep hypothermic circulatory arrest followed by four hours of intensive care. Seven control animals underwent mechanical ventilation only. Cardiopulmonary bypass/deep hypothermic circulatory arrest animals were given escalating doses of bovine intestinal alkaline phosphatase infusion (0-25 U/kg/hr.; n = 5/dose). Kidney, liver, ileum, jejunum, colon, heart and lung were collected for measurement of tissue alkaline phosphatase activity and mRNA. Results Tissue alkaline phosphatase activity varied significantly across organs with the highest levels found in the kidney and small intestine. Cardiopulmonary bypass with deep hypothermic circulatory arrest resulted in decreased kidney alkaline phosphatase activity and increased lung alkaline phosphatase activity, with no significant changes in the other organs. Alkaline phosphatase mRNA expression was increased in both the lung and the ileum. The highest dose of bovine intestinal alkaline phosphatase resulted in increased kidney and liver tissue alkaline phosphatase activity. Conclusions Changes in alkaline phosphatase activity after cardiopulmonary bypass with deep hypothermic circulatory arrest and bovine intestinal alkaline phosphatase delivery are tissue specific. Kidneys, lung, and ileal alkaline phosphatase appear most affected by cardiopulmonary bypass with deep hypothermic circulatory arrest and further research is warranted to determine the mechanism and biologic importance of these changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ludmila Khailova
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado, 13123 East 16th Ave, Box 100, Aurora, CO 80045 USA
| | - Justin Robison
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado, 13123 East 16th Ave, Box 100, Aurora, CO 80045 USA
| | - James Jaggers
- Department of Surgery, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO USA
| | - Richard Ing
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO USA
| | - Scott Lawson
- Children's Hospital Colorado, Heart Institute, Aurora, CO USA
| | - Amy Treece
- Department of Pathology, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO USA
| | - Danielle Soranno
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado, 13123 East 16th Ave, Box 100, Aurora, CO 80045 USA
| | - Suzanne Osorio Lujan
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado, 13123 East 16th Ave, Box 100, Aurora, CO 80045 USA
| | - Jesse A Davidson
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado, 13123 East 16th Ave, Box 100, Aurora, CO 80045 USA
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29
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Tubular effects of sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors: intended and unintended consequences. Curr Opin Nephrol Hypertens 2020; 29:523-530. [PMID: 32701600 DOI: 10.1097/mnh.0000000000000632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors are antihyperglycemic drugs that act by inhibiting renal sodium-glucose cotransport. Here we present new insights into 'off target', or indirect, effects of SGLT2 inhibitors. RECENT FINDINGS SGLT2 inhibition causes an acute increase in urinary glucose excretion. In addition to lowering blood glucose, there are several other effects that contribute to the overall beneficial renal and cardiovascular effects. Reabsorption of about 66% of sodium is accomplished in the proximal tubule and dependent on the sodium-hydrogen exchanger isoform 3 (NHE3). SGLT2 colocalizes with NHE3, and high glucose levels reduce NHE3 activity. The proximal tubule is also responsible for the majority of phosphate (Pi) reabsorption. SGLT2 inhibition is associated with increases in plasma Pi, fibroblast growth factor 23 and parathyroid hormone levels in nondiabetics and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Studies in humans identified a urate-lowering effect by SGLT2 inhibition which is possibly mediated by urate transporter 1 (URAT1) and/or glucose transporter member 9 in the proximal tubule. Of note, magnesium levels were also found to increase under SGLT2 inhibition, an effect that was preserved in nondiabetic patients with hypomagnesemia. SUMMARY Cardiorenal effects of SGLT2 inhibition might involve, in addition to direct effects on glucose homeostasis, effects on NHE3, phosphate, urate, and magnesium homeostasis.
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30
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Maksimovic V, Pavlovic-Popovic Z, Vukmirovic S, Cvejic J, Mooranian A, Al-Salami H, Mikov M, Golocorbin-Kon S. Molecular mechanism of action and pharmacokinetic properties of methotrexate. Mol Biol Rep 2020; 47:4699-4708. [PMID: 32415503 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-020-05481-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Since its discovery in 1945, methotrexate has become a standard therapy for number of diseases, including oncological, inflammatory and pulmonary ones. Major physiological interactions of methotrexate include folate pathway, adenosine, prostaglandins, leukotrienes and cytokines. Methotrexate is used in treatment of pulmonary sarcoidosis as a second line therapy and is drug of choice in patients who are not candidates for corticosteroid therapy, with recommended starting weekly dose of 5-15 mg. Number of studies dealt with methotrexate use in rheumatoid arthritis and oncological patients. Authors are conducting research on oral methotrexate use and pharmacokinetics in chronic sarcoidosis patients and have performed literature research to better understand molecular mechanisms of methotrexate action as well as high level pharmacokinetic considerations. Polyglutamation of methotrexate affects its pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties and prolongs its effect. Bile excretion plays significant role due to extensive enterohepatic recirculation, although majority of methotrexate is excreted through urine. Better understanding of its pharmacokinetic properties in sarcoidosis patients warrant optimizing therapy when corticosteroids are contraindicated in these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Maksimovic
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, Hajduk Veljkova 3, 21000, Novi Sad, Serbia.
| | - Z Pavlovic-Popovic
- Institute of Pulmonary Diseases, Sremska Kamenica, Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - S Vukmirovic
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, Hajduk Veljkova 3, 21000, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - J Cvejic
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - A Mooranian
- Biotechnology and Drug Development Research Laboratory, School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Perth, Australia
| | - H Al-Salami
- Biotechnology and Drug Development Research Laboratory, School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Perth, Australia
| | - M Mikov
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, Hajduk Veljkova 3, 21000, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - S Golocorbin-Kon
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia
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Deb PK, Deka S, Borah P, Abed SN, Klotz KN. Medicinal Chemistry and Therapeutic Potential of Agonists, Antagonists and Allosteric Modulators of A1 Adenosine Receptor: Current Status and Perspectives. Curr Pharm Des 2020; 25:2697-2715. [PMID: 31333094 DOI: 10.2174/1381612825666190716100509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Accepted: 07/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Adenosine is a purine nucleoside, responsible for the regulation of a wide range of physiological and pathophysiological conditions by binding with four G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), namely A1, A2A, A2B and A3 adenosine receptors (ARs). In particular, A1 AR is ubiquitously present, mediating a variety of physiological processes throughout the body, thus represents a promising drug target for the management of various pathological conditions. Agonists of A1 AR are found to be useful for the treatment of atrial arrhythmia, angina, type-2 diabetes, glaucoma, neuropathic pain, epilepsy, depression and Huntington's disease, whereas antagonists are being investigated for the treatment of diuresis, congestive heart failure, asthma, COPD, anxiety and dementia. However, treatment with full A1 AR agonists has been associated with numerous challenges like cardiovascular side effects, off-target activation as well as desensitization of A1 AR leading to tachyphylaxis. In this regard, partial agonists of A1 AR have been found to be beneficial in enhancing insulin sensitivity and subsequently reducing blood glucose level, while avoiding severe CVS side effects and tachyphylaxis. Allosteric enhancer of A1 AR is found to be potent for the treatment of neuropathic pain, culminating the side effects related to off-target tissue activation of A1 AR. This review provides an overview of the medicinal chemistry and therapeutic potential of various agonists/partial agonists, antagonists and allosteric modulators of A1 AR, with a particular emphasis on their current status and future perspectives in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pran Kishore Deb
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Philadelphia University, PO Box - 1, 19392, Amman, Jordan
| | - Satyendra Deka
- Pratiksha Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chandrapur Road, Panikhaiti, Guwahati-26, Assam, India
| | - Pobitra Borah
- Pratiksha Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chandrapur Road, Panikhaiti, Guwahati-26, Assam, India
| | - Sara N Abed
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Philadelphia University, PO Box - 1, 19392, Amman, Jordan
| | - Karl-Norbert Klotz
- University of Würzburg, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology Versbacher Str. 9, D-97078 Würzburg, Germany
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Kennedy OJ, Pirastu N, Poole R, Fallowfield JA, Hayes PC, Grzeszkowiak EJ, Taal MW, Wilson JF, Parkes J, Roderick PJ. Coffee Consumption and Kidney Function: A Mendelian Randomization Study. Am J Kidney Dis 2019; 75:753-761. [PMID: 31837886 DOI: 10.1053/j.ajkd.2019.08.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2019] [Accepted: 08/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE & OBJECTIVE Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, with limited strategies for prevention and treatment. Coffee is a complex mixture of chemicals, and consumption has been associated with mostly beneficial health outcomes. This work aimed to determine the impact of coffee consumption on kidney function. STUDY DESIGN Genome-wide association study (GWAS) and Mendelian randomization. SETTING & PARTICIPANTS UK Biobank baseline data were used for a coffee consumption GWAS and included 227,666 participants. CKDGen Consortium data were used for kidney outcomes and included 133,814 participants (12,385 cases of CKD) of mostly European ancestry across various countries. EXPOSURE Coffee consumption. OUTCOMES Estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), CKD GFR categories 3 to 5 (G3-G5; eGFR<60mL/min/1.73m2), and albuminuria. ANALYTICAL APPROACH GWAS to identify single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with coffee consumption in UK Biobank and use of those SNPs in Mendelian randomization analyses of coffee consumption and kidney outcomes in CKDGen. RESULTS 2,126 SNPs were associated with coffee consumption (P<5×10-8), 25 of which were independent and available in CKDGen. Drinking an extra cup of coffee per day conferred a protective effect against CKD G3-G5 (OR, 0.84; 95% CI, 0.72-0.98; P=0.03) and albuminuria (OR, 0.81; 95% CI, 0.67-0.97; P=0.02). An extra cup was also associated with higher eGFR (β=0.022; P=1.6×10-6) after removal of 3 SNPs responsible for significant heterogeneity (Cochran Q P = 3.5×10-15). LIMITATIONS Assays used to measure creatinine and albumin varied between studies that contributed data and a sex-specific definition was used for albuminuria rather than KDIGO guideline recommendations. CONCLUSIONS This study provides evidence of a beneficial effect of coffee on kidney function. Given widespread coffee consumption and limited interventions to prevent CKD incidence and progression, this could have significant implications for global public health in view of the increasing burden of CKD worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver J Kennedy
- Primary Care & Population Sciences Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom.
| | - Nicola Pirastu
- Centre for Global Health Research, Usher Institute for Population Health Sciences and Informatics, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Robin Poole
- Primary Care & Population Sciences Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Jonathan A Fallowfield
- University of Edinburgh Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen's Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh BioQuarter, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Peter C Hayes
- University of Edinburgh Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen's Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh BioQuarter, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Eryk J Grzeszkowiak
- Centre for Global Health Research, Usher Institute for Population Health Sciences and Informatics, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Maarten W Taal
- Division of Medical Sciences and Graduate Entry Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - James F Wilson
- Centre for Global Health Research, Usher Institute for Population Health Sciences and Informatics, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom; MRC Human Genetic Unit, Institute of Genetic and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Julie Parkes
- Primary Care & Population Sciences Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Paul J Roderick
- Primary Care & Population Sciences Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
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Pal Y, Bandyopadhyay N, Pal RS, Ahmed S, Bandopadhyay S. Perspective and Potential of A2A and A3 Adenosine Receptors as Therapeutic Targets for the Treatment of Rheumatoid Arthritis. Curr Pharm Des 2019; 25:2859-2874. [DOI: 10.2174/1381612825666190710111658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Accepted: 07/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Adenosine is a purine nucleoside which is an effective controller of inflammation. The inflammatory effect of adenosine is expressed via its four receptor subtypes viz. A1, A2A, A2B and A3. The various inflammatory conditions including rheumatoid arthritis (RA) are initiated by adenosine receptors of which A2A and A3 play a vital role. RA primarily is an auto-immune disorder which is manifested as chronic inflammation in the synovial lining of joints. In order to develop an effective treatment, the role of cytokines, IL–1, TNF-α and IL–6 is crucial. Besides, the knowledge of PI3K-PKB/Akt and NF-kB signaling pathway is also important to understand the antiinflammatory targets. Methotrexate along with various other molecules like, NSAIDs and DMARDs are presently used as treatment lines for controlling RA. The enhanced knowledge of the preclinical stages and pathogenesis along with recent potent therapeutics raises the hopes that RA can be prevented in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yogendra Pal
- Department of Pharmacy, Pranveer Singh Institute of Technology, Bhauti, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh 209305, India
| | - Nabamita Bandyopadhyay
- Molecular Biology Division, National Institute of Malarial Research (NIMR), Dwarka, New Delhi, Delhi 110077, India
| | - Rashmi S. Pal
- Department of Pharmacy, Pranveer Singh Institute of Technology, Bhauti, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh 209305, India
| | - Sarfaraz Ahmed
- Global Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Kashipur, Udham Singh Nagar, Uttarakhand 244713, India
| | - Shantanu Bandopadhyay
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Naraina Vidya Peeth Group of Institutions, Panki, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh 208020, India
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Gupta A, Puri S, Puri V. Bioinformatics Unmasks the Maneuverers of Pain Pathways in Acute Kidney Injury. Sci Rep 2019; 9:11872. [PMID: 31417109 PMCID: PMC6695489 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-48209-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2019] [Accepted: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute Kidney injury (AKI) is one of the leading health concerns resulting in accumulation of nitrogenous as well as non-nitrogenous wastes in body and characterised by a rapid deterioration in kidney functions. Besides the major toll from the primary insult in the kidney, consequential extra-renal secondary insults endowed with the pathways of inflammatory milieu often complicates the disease outcome. Some of the known symptoms of AKI leading to clinical reporting are fatigue, loss of appetite, headache, nausea, vomiting, and pain in the flanks, wherein proinflammatory cytokines have been strongly implicated in pathogenesis of AKI and neuro-inflammation. Taking in account these clues, we have tried to decode the neuro-inflammation and pain perception phenomenon during the progression of AKI using the pathway integration and biological network strategies. The pathways and networks were generated using bioinformatics software viz. PANTHER, Genomatix and PathVisio to establish the relationship between immune and neuro related pathway in AKI. These observations envisage a neurol-renal axis that is predicted to involve calcium channels in neuro-inflammatory pathway of AKI. These observations, thus, pave a way for a new paradigm in understanding the interplay of neuro-immunological signalling in AKI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aprajita Gupta
- Centre for Systems Biology and Bioinformatics, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Sanjeev Puri
- Biotechnology Branch UIET, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Veena Puri
- Centre for Systems Biology and Bioinformatics, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India.
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Patinha D, Carvalho C, Abreu C, Cunha OM, Mota MC, Afonso J, Albino-Teixeira A, Diniz C, Morato M. Diabetes downregulates renal adenosine A2A receptors in an experimental model of hypertension. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0217552. [PMID: 31150459 PMCID: PMC6544351 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0217552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies on diabetic nephropathy rarely take into account that the co-existence of diabetes and hypertension is frequent and further aggravates the prognosis of renal dysfunction. Adenosine can activate four subtypes of adenosine receptors (A1, A2A, A2B and A3) and has been implicated in diabetic nephropathy. However, it is not known if, in hypertensive conditions, diabetes alters the presence/distribution profile of renal adenosine receptors. The aim of this work was to describe the presence/distribution profile of the four adenosine receptors in six renal structures (superficial/deep glomeruli, proximal/distal tubules, loop of Henle, collecting tubule) of the hypertensive kidney and to evaluate whether it is altered by diabetes. Immunoreactivities against the adenosine receptors were analyzed in six renal structures from spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR, the control group) and from SHR rats with diabetes induced by streptozotocyin (SHR-STZ group). Data showed, for the first time, that all adenosine receptors were present in the kidney of SHR rats, although the distribution pattern was specific for each adenosine receptor subtype. Also, induction of diabetes in the SHR was associated with downregulation of adenosine A2A receptors, which might be relevant for the development of hypertensive diabetic nephropathy. This study highlights the adenosine A2A receptors as a potential target to explore to prevent and/or treat early diabetes-induced hyperfiltration, at least in hypertensive conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Patinha
- Pharmacology and Therapeutics Unit, Department of Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Carla Carvalho
- LAQV@REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Pharmacology, Department of Drug Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Carla Abreu
- LAQV@REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Pharmacology, Department of Drug Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Olga M. Cunha
- LAQV@REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Pharmacology, Department of Drug Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Mariana C. Mota
- LAQV@REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Pharmacology, Department of Drug Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Joana Afonso
- Pharmacology and Therapeutics Unit, Department of Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- MedInUP–Center for Drug Discovery and Innovative Medicines, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - António Albino-Teixeira
- Pharmacology and Therapeutics Unit, Department of Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- MedInUP–Center for Drug Discovery and Innovative Medicines, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Carmen Diniz
- LAQV@REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Pharmacology, Department of Drug Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- * E-mail: (CD); (MM)
| | - Manuela Morato
- LAQV@REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Pharmacology, Department of Drug Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- * E-mail: (CD); (MM)
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Babich V, Vadnagara K, Di Sole F. Adenosine A 2A receptor blocks the A 1 receptor inhibition of renal Na + transport and oxygen consumption. J Cell Physiol 2019; 234:13917-13930. [PMID: 30633335 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.28074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2018] [Accepted: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
A high renal oxygen (O2 ) need is primarily associated with the renal tubular O2 consumption (VO2 ) necessary for a high rate of sodium (Na+ ) transport. Limited O2 availability leads to increased levels of adenosine, which regulates the kidney via activation of both A1 and A2A adenosine receptors (A1R and A2AR, respectively). The relative contributions of A1R and A2AR to the regulation of renal Na+ transport and VO2 have not been determined. We demonstrated that A1R activation has a dose-dependent biphasic effect on both renal Na+ /H+ exchanger-3 (NHE3), a major player in Na+ transport, and VO2 . Here, we report concentration-dependent effects of adenosine: less than 5 × 10-7 M adenosine-stimulated NHE3 activity; between 5 × 10-7 M and 10-5 M adenosine-inhibited NHE3 activity; and greater than 10-5 M adenosine reversed the change in NHE3 activity (returned to baseline). A1R activation mediated the activation and inhibition of NHE3 activity, whereas 10-4 M adenosine had no effect on the NHE3 activity due to A2AR activation. The following occurred when A1R and A2AR were activated: (a) Blockade of the A2AR receptor restored the NHE3 inhibition mediated by A1R activation, (b) the NHE-dependent effect on VO2 mediated by A1R activation became NHE independent, and (c) A2AR bound to A1R. In summary, A1R affects VO2 via NHE-dependent mechanisms, whereas A2AR acts via NHE-independent mechanisms. When both A1R and A2AR are activated, the A2AR effect on NHE3 and VO2 predominates, possibly via an A1R-A2AR protein interaction. A2AR-A1R heterodimerization is proposed as the molecular mechanism enabling the NHE-independent control of renal VO2 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Babich
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Des Moines University, Des Moines, Iowa.,School of Liberal Arts and Sciences, Mercy College of Health Sciences, Des Moines, Iowa.,Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas.,Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Komal Vadnagara
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Francesca Di Sole
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Des Moines University, Des Moines, Iowa.,Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas.,Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
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Tian D, Shi X, Zhao Y, Peng X, Zou L, Xu L, Ma Y, Wen Y, Faulhaber-Walter R, Chen L. The effect of A1 adenosine receptor in diabetic megalin loss with caspase-1/IL18 signaling. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2019; 12:1583-1596. [PMID: 31695457 PMCID: PMC6717852 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s215531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2019] [Accepted: 07/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE In our previous study, exacerbation of albuminuria was observed in A1 adenosine receptor knockout (A1AR-/-) mice with diabetic nephropathy (DN), but the mechanism was unclear. Here, we investigated the relationship of megalin loss and albuminuria, to identify the protective effect of A1AR in megalin loss associated albuminuria by inhibiting pyroptosis-related caspase-1/IL-18 signaling of DN. METHODS We successfully collected DN patients' samples and built diabetes mice models induced by streptozotocin. Megalin, cubilin, and A1AR expression were detected in kidney tissue samples from DN patients and mice through immunohistochemical and immunofluorescent staining. A1AR, caspase-1, interleukin-18 (IL-18) expression were analyzed using Western blotting in wild-type and A1AR -/- mice. Human renal proximal tubular epithelial cells (PTC) were cultured with high glucose to observe the effect of A1AR agonist and antagonist on caspase-1/IL-18 and megalin injury. RESULTS The loss of megalin, co-localized with A1AR at PTC, was associated with the level of albuminuria in diabetic patients and mice. The injury of megalin-cubilin was accompanied with the A1AR upregulation (1.30±0.1 vs 0.98±0.2, P=0.042), the caspase-1 (1.33±0.1 vs 1.0±0.2, P=0.036), and IL-18 (1.26±0.2 vs 0.96±0.2, P=0.026) signaling activation in mice with DN. More severe pathological injury, 24 hrs urine albumin excretion (170.8±4.1 μg/d vs 132.0±2.9 μg/d vs 17.9±2.8 μg/d, P<0.001) and megalin-cubilin loss were observed in A1AR -/- DN mice with more pronounced caspase-1 (1.52±0.03 vs 1.20±0.01, P=0.017) and IL-18 (1.42±0.02 vs 1.21±0.02, P=0.018) secretion. High glucose could stimulate the secretion of caspase-1 (1.72 times, P≤0.01) and IL-18 (1.64 times, P≤0.01), which was abolished by A1AR agonist and aggravated by A1AR antagonist. CONCLUSION A1AR played a protective role in proximal tubular megalin loss associated albuminuria by inhibiting the pyroptosis-related caspase-1/IL-18 signaling in DN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongli Tian
- Department of Nephrology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing100730, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaoxiao Shi
- Department of Nephrology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing100730, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yumo Zhao
- Department of Nephrology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing100730, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyan Peng
- Department of Nephrology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing100730, People’s Republic of China
| | - Linfeng Zou
- Department of Nephrology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing100730, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lubin Xu
- Department of Nephrology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing100730, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ying Ma
- Department of Nephrology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing100730, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yubin Wen
- Department of Nephrology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing100730, People’s Republic of China
| | | | - Limeng Chen
- Department of Nephrology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing100730, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Limeng ChenDepartment of Nephrology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Road 1 Shuaifuyuan, Wangfujing Street, Beijing100730, People’s Republic of ChinaTel +86 106 915 5351Fax +86 106 915 5058Email
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Borea PA, Gessi S, Merighi S, Vincenzi F, Varani K. Pharmacology of Adenosine Receptors: The State of the Art. Physiol Rev 2018; 98:1591-1625. [PMID: 29848236 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00049.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 455] [Impact Index Per Article: 75.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Adenosine is a ubiquitous endogenous autacoid whose effects are triggered through the enrollment of four G protein-coupled receptors: A1, A2A, A2B, and A3. Due to the rapid generation of adenosine from cellular metabolism, and the widespread distribution of its receptor subtypes in almost all organs and tissues, this nucleoside induces a multitude of physiopathological effects, regulating central nervous, cardiovascular, peripheral, and immune systems. It is becoming clear that the expression patterns of adenosine receptors vary among cell types, lending weight to the idea that they may be both markers of pathologies and useful targets for novel drugs. This review offers an overview of current knowledge on adenosine receptors, including their characteristic structural features, molecular interactions and cellular functions, as well as their essential roles in pain, cancer, and neurodegenerative, inflammatory, and autoimmune diseases. Finally, we highlight the latest findings on molecules capable of targeting adenosine receptors and report which stage of drug development they have reached.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pier Andrea Borea
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara , Ferrara , Italy
| | - Stefania Gessi
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara , Ferrara , Italy
| | - Stefania Merighi
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara , Ferrara , Italy
| | - Fabrizio Vincenzi
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara , Ferrara , Italy
| | - Katia Varani
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara , Ferrara , Italy
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Kishore BK, Robson SC, Dwyer KM. CD39-adenosinergic axis in renal pathophysiology and therapeutics. Purinergic Signal 2018; 14:109-120. [PMID: 29332180 PMCID: PMC5940625 DOI: 10.1007/s11302-017-9596-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2017] [Accepted: 11/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular ATP interacts with purinergic type 2 (P2) receptors and elicits many crucial biological functions. Extracellular ATP is sequentially hydrolyzed to ADP and AMP by the actions of defined nucleotidases, such as CD39, and AMP is converted to adenosine, largely by CD73, an ecto-5'-nucleotidase. Extracellular adenosine interacts with P1 receptors and often opposes the effects of P2 receptor activation. The balance between extracellular ATP and adenosine in the blood and extracellular fluid is regulated chiefly by the activities of CD39 and CD73, which constitute the CD39-adenosinergic axis. In recent years, several studies have shown this axis to play critical roles in transport of water/sodium, tubuloglomerular feedback, renin secretion, ischemia reperfusion injury, renal fibrosis, hypertension, diabetic nephropathy, transplantation, inflammation, and macrophage transformation. Important developments include global and targeted gene knockout and/or transgenic mouse models of CD39 or CD73, biological or small molecule inhibitors, and soluble engineered ectonucleotidases to directly impact the CD39-adenosinergic axis. This review presents a comprehensive picture of the multiple roles of CD39-adenosinergic axis in renal physiology, pathophysiology, and therapeutics. Scientific advances and greater understanding of the role of this axis in the kidney, in both health and illness, will direct development of innovative therapies for renal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bellamkonda K. Kishore
- Departments of Internal Medicine and Nutrition & Integrative Physiology, and Center on Aging, University of Utah Health, Salt Lake City, UT USA
- Nephrology Research, VA Salt Lake City Health Care System, 500 Foothill Drive (151M), Salt Lake City, UT 84148 USA
| | - Simon C. Robson
- Division of Gastroenterology/Hepatology and Transplant Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215 USA
| | - Karen M. Dwyer
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC 3220 Australia
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Labazi H, Teng B, Mustafa SJ. Functional changes in vascular reactivity to adenosine receptor activation in type I diabetic mice. Eur J Pharmacol 2017; 820:191-197. [PMID: 29269016 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2017.12.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2017] [Revised: 12/12/2017] [Accepted: 12/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Activation of adenosine receptors has been implicated in several biological functions, including cardiovascular and renal function. Diabetes causes morphological and functional changes in the vasculature, resulting in abnormal responses to various stimuli. Recent studies have suggested that adenosine receptor expression and signaling are altered in disease states such as hypertension, diabetes. Using a streptozotocin (STZ) mouse model of type I diabetes (T1D), we investigated the functional changes in aorta and resistance mesenteric arteries to adenosine receptor agonist activation in T1D. Organ baths and DMT wire myographs were used for muscle tension measurements in isolated vascular rings, and western blotting was used for protein analysis. Concentration response curves to selective adenosine receptor agonists, including CCPA (A1 receptor agonist), Cl-IBMECA (A3 receptor agonist), CGS-21680 (A2A receptor agonist), and BAY 60-6583 (A2B receptor agonist), were performed. We found that diabetes did not affect adenosine receptor agonist-mediated relaxation or contraction in mesenteric arteries. However, aortas from diabetic mice exhibited a significant decrease (P < 0.05) in A1 receptor-mediated vasoconstriction. In addition, the aortas from STZ-treated mice exhibited an increase in phenylephrine-mediated contraction (EC50 7.40 ± 0.08 in STZ vs 6.89 ± 0.14 in vehicle; P < 0.05), while relaxation to A2A receptor agonists (CGS-21680) tended to decrease in aortas from the STZ-treated group (not statistically significant). Our data suggest that changes in adenosine receptor(s) vascular reactivity in T1D is tissue specific, and the decrease in A1 receptor-mediated aortic contraction could be a compensatory mechanism to counterbalance the increased adrenergic vascular contractility observed in aortas from diabetic mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hicham Labazi
- Department of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroanatomy, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA.
| | - Bunyen Teng
- Department of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroanatomy, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA.
| | - S Jamal Mustafa
- Department of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroanatomy, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA; WV Center for Tranlational Science Institute, Morgantown, WV, USA.
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Shahbazi S, Alishahi P, Asadpour E. Evaluation of the Effect of Aminophylline in Reducing the Incidence of Acute Kidney Injury After Cardiac Surgery. Anesth Pain Med 2017; 7:e21740. [PMID: 29696106 PMCID: PMC5903222 DOI: 10.5812/aapm.21740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2017] [Revised: 06/14/2017] [Accepted: 08/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Acute renal failure is a common complication of major cardiovascular surgeries (One-third of patients). Adenosine release as a vascular vasodilator increases after cardiac surgery, which reduces renal and glomerular blood flow and subsequently causes kidney ischemic damage. The present study aimed at evaluating the impact of aminophylline as an adenosine receptor antagonist on renal function after cardiac surgery hoping to find an appropriate method to reduce acute kidney injury. Methods The patients in the intervention group received 5 mg/kg aminophylline bolus after induction of anesthesia; then, 0.25 mg/kg/hr of the drug was administered intraoperatively and up to 48 hours after surgery in the ICU cardiac surgery. Similar volume of normal saline was injected to the patients of the second group. Serum BUN, Cr, and GFR were measured pre- and postoperatively and 3 days postsurgery. Patients’ 24- hour urine output and RIFLE were also calculated. Results Those patients who received medication were extubated earlier (P = 0.018) and received lower amount of inotropic drugs (P < 0001). According to the RIFLE criteria, most of the patients experienced no change or even improved GFR and Cr amounts compared to the control group (p < 0.05). GFR and Cr value of all the patients with Cleveland score, less and more than 6, showed a significant difference between the 2 groups (P = 0.001 and P = 0.01, respectively). According to the RIFLE criteria, most of the patients experienced no change or even improved GFR. Conclusions Aminophylline in cardiac surgery can reduce the frequency of acute kidney injury according to RIFLE criteria and could be used in the prevention of AKI as a safe and efficient modality in high-risk patients. Also, the use of this drug may reduce the need for inotropic medication at the time of surgery, intensive care unit stay length, and extubation time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahrbanoo Shahbazi
- Anesthesiology and Critical Care Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Peyman Alishahi
- Anesthesiology and Critical Care Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Elham Asadpour
- Anesthesiology and Critical Care Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Corresponding author: Elham Asadpour, Anesthesiology and Critical Care Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Nemazee Hospital, Shiraz, Iran. Tel/Fax: +98-7136281460, E-mail:
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Varani K, Vincenzi F, Merighi S, Gessi S, Borea PA. Biochemical and Pharmacological Role of A1 Adenosine Receptors and Their Modulation as Novel Therapeutic Strategy. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2017; 1051:193-232. [DOI: 10.1007/5584_2017_61] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Peleli M, Carlstrom M. Adenosine signaling in diabetes mellitus and associated cardiovascular and renal complications. Mol Aspects Med 2017; 55:62-74. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2016.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2016] [Revised: 12/18/2016] [Accepted: 12/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Zhou JQ, Qiu T, Zhang L, Chen ZB, Wang ZS, Ma XX, Li D. Allopurinol preconditioning attenuates renal ischemia/reperfusion injury by inhibiting HMGB1 expression in a rat model. Acta Cir Bras 2016; 31:176-82. [PMID: 27050788 DOI: 10.1590/s0102-865020160030000005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2015] [Accepted: 02/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the potential effects of pretreatment with allopurinol on renal ischemia/reperfusion injury (IRI) in a rat model. METHODS Twenty four rats were subjected to right kidney uninephrectomy were randomly distributed into the following three groups (n=8): Group A (sham-operated group); Group B (ischemic group) with 30 min of renal ischemia after surgery; and Group C (allopurinol + ischemia group) pretreated with allopurinol at 50 mg/kg for 14 days. At 72 h after renal reperfusion, the kidney was harvested to assess inflammation and apoptosis. RESULTS Pretreatment with allopurinol significantly improved renal functional and histological grade scores following I/R injury (p<0.05). Compared with Group B, the expression levels of caspase-3 and Bax were markedly reduced in Group C, meanwhile, whereas expression of bcl-2 was clearly increased (p<0.05). A newly described marker of inflammation, High Mobility Group Box 1(HMGB1), showed reduced expression in Group C (p<0.05). CONCLUSION Pretreatment with allopurinol had a protective effect on kidney ischemia/reperfusion injury, which might be related to the inhibition of HMGB1 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiang-qiao Zhou
- Department of Organ Transplantation, Renmin Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Tao Qiu
- Department of Organ Transplantation, Renmin Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Lu Zhang
- Department of Urology, Renmin Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Zhong-bao Chen
- Department of Organ Transplantation, Renmin Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Zhi-shun Wang
- Department of Urology, Renmin Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Xiao-xiong Ma
- Department of Organ Transplantation, Renmin Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Dongyu Li
- Intensive Care Unit, PuAi Hospital, Anlu, Hubei, China
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Harmse R, van der Walt MM, Petzer JP, Terre’Blanche G. Discovery of 1,3-diethyl-7-methyl-8-(phenoxymethyl)-xanthine derivatives as novel adenosine A 1 and A 2A receptor antagonists. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2016; 26:5951-5955. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2016.10.086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2016] [Revised: 10/26/2016] [Accepted: 10/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Low, but not high, dose caffeine is a readily available probe for adenosine actions. Mol Aspects Med 2016; 55:20-25. [PMID: 27915051 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2016.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2016] [Revised: 11/23/2016] [Accepted: 11/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Caffeine is very widely used and knowledge of its mode of action can be used to gain an understanding of basal physiological regulation. This review makes the point that caffeine is - in low doses - an antagonist of adenosine acting at A1, A2A and A2B receptors. We use published and unpublished data to make the point that high dose effects of caffeine are not only qualitatively different but have a different underlying mechanism. Therefore one must be careful in only using epidemiological or experimental data where rather low doses of caffeine are used to draw conclusions about the physiology and pathophysiology of adenosine.
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Min HS, Cha JJ, Kim K, Kim JE, Ghee JY, Kim H, Lee JE, Han JY, Jeong LS, Cha DR, Kang YS. Renoprotective Effects of a Highly Selective A3 Adenosine Receptor Antagonist in a Mouse Model of Adriamycin-induced Nephropathy. J Korean Med Sci 2016; 31:1403-12. [PMID: 27510383 PMCID: PMC4974181 DOI: 10.3346/jkms.2016.31.9.1403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2016] [Accepted: 05/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The concentration of adenosine in the normal kidney increases markedly during renal hypoxia, ischemia, and inflammation. A recent study reported that an A3 adenosine receptor (A3AR) antagonist attenuated the progression of renal fibrosis. The adriamycin (ADX)-induced nephropathy model induces podocyte injury, which results in severe proteinuria and progressive glomerulosclerosis. In this study, we investigated the preventive effect of a highly selective A3AR antagonist (LJ1888) in ADX-induced nephropathy. Three groups of six-week-old Balb/c mice were treated with ADX (11 mg/kg) for four weeks and LJ1888 (10 mg/kg) for two weeks as following: 1) control; 2) ADX; and 3) ADX + LJ1888. ADX treatment decreased body weight without a change in water and food intake, but this was ameliorated by LJ1888 treatment. Interestingly, LJ1888 lowered plasma creatinine level, proteinuria, and albuminuria, which had increased during ADX treatment. Furthermore, LJ1888 inhibited urinary nephrin excretion as a podocyte injury marker, and urine 8-isoprostane and kidney lipid peroxide concentration, which are markers of oxidative stress, increased after injection of ADX. ADX also induced the activation of proinflammatory and profibrotic molecules such as TGF-β1, MCP-1, PAI-1, type IV collagen, NF-κB, NOX4, TLR4, TNFα, IL-1β, and IFN-γ, but they were remarkably suppressed after LJ1888 treatment. In conclusion, our results suggest that LJ1888 has a renoprotective effect in ADX-induced nephropathy, which might be associated with podocyte injury through oxidative stress. Therefore, LJ1888, a selective A3AR antagonist, could be considered as a potential therapeutic agent in renal glomerular diseases which include podocyte injury and proteinuria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye Sook Min
- Department of Nephrology, Korea University Ansan Hospital, Ansan, Korea
| | - Jin Joo Cha
- Department of Nephrology, Korea University Ansan Hospital, Ansan, Korea
| | - Kitae Kim
- Department of Nephrology, Korea University Ansan Hospital, Ansan, Korea
| | - Jung Eun Kim
- Department of Nephrology, Korea University Ansan Hospital, Ansan, Korea
| | - Jung Yeon Ghee
- Department of Nephrology, Korea University Ansan Hospital, Ansan, Korea
| | - Hyunwook Kim
- Department of Nephrology, Wonkwang University Sanbon Hospital, Gunpo, Korea
| | - Ji Eun Lee
- Department of Nephrology, Wonkwang University Sanbon Hospital, Gunpo, Korea
| | - Jee Young Han
- Department of Pathology, Inha University Medical College, Incheon, Korea
| | - Lak Shin Jeong
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Dae Ryong Cha
- Department of Nephrology, Korea University Ansan Hospital, Ansan, Korea
| | - Young Sun Kang
- Department of Nephrology, Korea University Ansan Hospital, Ansan, Korea.
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48
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Maringer K, Sims-Lucas S. The multifaceted role of the renal microvasculature during acute kidney injury. Pediatr Nephrol 2016; 31:1231-40. [PMID: 26493067 PMCID: PMC4841763 DOI: 10.1007/s00467-015-3231-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2015] [Revised: 09/28/2015] [Accepted: 09/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Pediatric acute kidney injury (AKI) represents a complex disease process for clinicians as it is multifactorial in cause and only limited treatment or preventatives are available. The renal microvasculature has recently been implicated in AKI as a strong therapeutic candidate involved in both injury and recovery. Significant progress has been made in the ability to study the renal microvasculature following ischemic AKI and its role in repair. Advances have also been made in elucidating cell-cell interactions and the molecular mechanisms involved in these interactions. The ability of the kidney to repair post AKI is closely linked to alterations in hypoxia, and these studies are elucidated in this review. Injury to the microvasculature following AKI plays an integral role in mediating the inflammatory response, thereby complicating potential therapeutics. However, recent work with experimental animal models suggests that the endothelium and its cellular and molecular interactions are attractive targets to prevent injury or hasten repair following AKI. Here, we review the cellular and molecular mechanisms of the renal endothelium in AKI, as well as repair and recovery, and potential therapeutics to prevent or ameliorate injury and hasten repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine Maringer
- Rangos Research Center, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Sunder Sims-Lucas
- Rangos Research Center, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
- Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
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49
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Marx B, Scuvée É, Scuvée-Moreau J, Seutin V, Jouret F. [Mechanisms of caffeine-induced diuresis]. Med Sci (Paris) 2016; 32:485-90. [PMID: 27225921 DOI: 10.1051/medsci/20163205015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Caffeine is an alkaloid which belongs to the family of methylxanthines and is present in beverages, food and drugs. Caffeine competitively antagonizes the adenosine receptors (AR), which are G protein-coupled receptors largely distributed throughout the body, including brain, heart, vessels and kidneys. Caffeine consumption has a well-known diuretic effect. The homeostasis of salt and water involves different segments of the nephron, in which adenosine plays complex roles depending on the differential expression of AR. Hence, caffeine increases glomerular filtration rate by opposing the vasoconstriction of renal afferent arteriole mediated by adenosine via type 1 AR during the tubuloglomerular feedback. Caffeine also inhibits Na(+) reabsorption at the level of renal proximal tubules. In addition, caffeine perturbs the hepatorenal reflex via sensory nerves in Mall's intrahepatic spaces. Here, we review the physiology of caffeine-induced natriuresis and diuresis, as well as the putative pathological implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Marx
- Faculté de médecine, université de Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgique
| | - Éléonore Scuvée
- Faculté de médecine, université de Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgique
| | - Jacqueline Scuvée-Moreau
- Service de pharmacologie et laboratoire de neurophysiologie, GIGA neurosciences, université de Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgique
| | - Vincent Seutin
- Service de pharmacologie et laboratoire de neurophysiologie, GIGA neurosciences, université de Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgique
| | - François Jouret
- GIGA cardiovasculaires, université de Liège, Avenue Hippocrate, 13, 4000 Liège, Belgique - Service de néphrologie, CHU de Liège, 4000 Liège Belgique
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50
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Kasztan M, Piwkowska A, Kreft E, Rogacka D, Audzeyenka I, Szczepanska-Konkel M, Jankowski M. Extracellular purines' action on glomerular albumin permeability in isolated rat glomeruli: insights into the pathogenesis of albuminuria. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2016; 311:F103-11. [PMID: 27076649 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00567.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2015] [Accepted: 04/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Purinoceptors (adrengeric receptors and P2 receptors) are expressed on the cellular components of the glomerular filtration barrier, and their activation may affect glomerular permeability to albumin, which may ultimately lead to albuminuria, a well-established risk factor for the progression of chronic kidney disease and development of cardiovascular diseases. We investigated the mechanisms underlying the in vitro and in vivo purinergic actions on glomerular filter permeability to albumin by measuring convectional albumin permeability (Palb) in a single isolated rat glomerulus based on the video microscopy method. Primary cultured rat podocytes were used for the analysis of Palb, cGMP accumulation, PKG-Iα dimerization, and immunofluorescence. In vitro, natural nucleotides (ATP, ADP, UTP, and UDP) and nonmetabolized ATP analogs (2-meSATP and ATP-γ-S) increased Palb in a time- and concentration-dependent manner. The effects were dependent on P2 receptor activation, nitric oxide synthase, and cytoplasmic guanylate cyclase. ATP analogs significantly increased Palb, cGMP accumulation, and subcortical actin reorganization in a PKG-dependent but nondimer-mediated route in cultured podocytes. In vivo, 2-meSATP and ATP-γ-S increased Palb but did not significantly affect urinary albumin excretion. Both agonists enhanced the clathrin-mediated endocytosis of albumin in podocytes. A product of adenine nucleotides hydrolysis, adenosine, increased the permeability of the glomerular barrier via adrenergic receptors in a dependent and independent manner. Our results suggest that the extracellular nucleotides that stimulate an increase of glomerular Palb involve nitric oxide synthase and cytoplasmic guanylate cyclase with actin reorganization in podocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Małgorzata Kasztan
- Department of Therapy Monitoring and Pharmacogenetics, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Piwkowska
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Nephrology, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre Polish Academy of Sciences, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Ewelina Kreft
- Department of Therapy Monitoring and Pharmacogenetics, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Dorota Rogacka
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Nephrology, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre Polish Academy of Sciences, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Irena Audzeyenka
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Nephrology, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre Polish Academy of Sciences, Gdansk, Poland
| | | | - Maciej Jankowski
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland; and Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Nephrology, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre Polish Academy of Sciences, Gdansk, Poland
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