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Yagihashi S. Contribution of animal models to diabetes research: Its history, significance, and translation to humans. J Diabetes Investig 2023; 14:1015-1037. [PMID: 37401013 PMCID: PMC10445217 DOI: 10.1111/jdi.14034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is still expanding globally and is epidemic in developing countries. The combat of this plague has caused enormous economic and social burdens related to a lowered quality of life in people with diabetes. Despite recent significant improvements of life expectancy in patients with diabetes, there is still a need for efforts to elucidate the complexities and mechanisms of the disease processes to overcome this difficult disorder. To this end, the use of appropriate animal models in diabetes studies is invaluable for translation to humans and for the development of effective treatment. In this review, a variety of animal models of diabetes with spontaneous onset in particular will be introduced and discussed for their implication in diabetes research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soroku Yagihashi
- Department of Exploratory Medicine for Nature, Life and HumansToho University School of MedicineChibaJapan
- Department of PathologyHirosaki University Graduate School of MedicineHirosakiJapan
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2
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Li S, Wang K, Wang Z, Zhang W, Liu Z, Cheng Y, Zhu J, Zhong M, Hu S, Zhang Y. Application and trend of bioluminescence imaging in metabolic syndrome research. Front Chem 2023; 10:1113546. [PMID: 36700071 PMCID: PMC9868317 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2022.1113546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Bioluminescence imaging is a non-invasive technology used to visualize physiological processes in animals and is useful for studying the dynamics of metabolic syndrome. Metabolic syndrome is a broad spectrum of diseases which are rapidly increasing in prevalence, and is closely associated with obesity, type 2 diabetes, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, and circadian rhythm disorder. To better serve metabolic syndrome research, researchers have established a variety of animal models expressing luciferase, while also committing to finding more suitable luciferase promoters and developing more efficient luciferase-luciferin systems. In this review, we systematically summarize the applications of different models for bioluminescence imaging in the study of metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shirui Li
- Department of General Surgery, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Kang Wang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China,Postgraduate Department, Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Zeyu Wang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China,Postgraduate Department, Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Wenjie Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Zenglin Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yugang Cheng
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Jiankang Zhu
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Mingwei Zhong
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Sanyuan Hu
- Department of General Surgery, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China,Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China,*Correspondence: Sanyuan Hu, ; Yun Zhang,
| | - Yun Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China,Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China,*Correspondence: Sanyuan Hu, ; Yun Zhang,
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3
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Hu Q, Mu J, Liu Y, Yang Y, Liu Y, Pan Y, Zhang Y, Li L, Liu D, Chen J, Zhang F, Jin L. Obesity-Induced miR-455 Upregulation Promotes Adaptive Pancreatic β-Cell Proliferation Through the CPEB1/CDKN1B Pathway. Diabetes 2022; 71:394-411. [PMID: 35029277 DOI: 10.2337/db21-0134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic β-cells adapt to compensate for increased metabolic demand during obesity. Although the miRNA pathway has an essential role in β-cell expansion, whether it is involved in adaptive proliferation is largely unknown. First, we report that EGR2 binding to the miR-455 promoter induced miR-455 upregulation in the pancreatic islets of obesity mouse models. Then, in vitro gain- or loss-of-function studies showed that miR-455 overexpression facilitated β-cell proliferation. Knockdown of miR-455 in ob/ob mice via pancreatic intraductal infusion prevented compensatory β-cell expansion. Mechanistically, our results revealed that increased miR-455 expression inhibits the expression of its target cytoplasmic polyadenylation element binding protein 1 (CPEB1), an mRNA binding protein that plays an important role in regulating insulin resistance and cell proliferation. Decreased CPEB1 expression inhibits elongation of the poly(A) tail and the subsequent translation of Cdkn1b mRNA, reducing the CDKN1B expression level and finally promoting β-cell proliferation. Taken together, our results show that the miR-455/CPEB1/CDKN1B pathway contributes to adaptive proliferation of β-cells to meet metabolic demand during obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianxing Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Druggability of Biopharmaceuticals, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Jinming Mu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Druggability of Biopharmaceuticals, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yuhong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Druggability of Biopharmaceuticals, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yue Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Druggability of Biopharmaceuticals, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yue Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Druggability of Biopharmaceuticals, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yi Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Druggability of Biopharmaceuticals, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yanfeng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Druggability of Biopharmaceuticals, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Ling Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
- Pancreatic Research Institute, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Dechen Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Jianqiu Chen
- College of Engineering, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Fangfang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Druggability of Biopharmaceuticals, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Liang Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Druggability of Biopharmaceuticals, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
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4
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Ghanemi A, Yoshioka M, St-Amand J. Diet Impact on Obesity beyond Calories and Trefoil Factor Family 2 (TFF2) as an Illustration: Metabolic Implications and Potential Applications. Biomolecules 2021; 11:1830. [PMID: 34944474 PMCID: PMC8698828 DOI: 10.3390/biom11121830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Revised: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a health problem with increasing impacts on public health, economy and even social life. In order to reestablish the energy balance, obesity management focuses mainly on two pillars; exercise and diet. Beyond the contribution to the caloric intake, the diet nutrients and composition govern a variety of properties. This includes the energy balance-independent properties and the indirect metabolic effects. Whereas the energy balance-independent properties are close to "pharmacological" effects and include effects such as antioxidant and anti-inflammatory, the indirect metabolic effects represent the contribution a diet can have on energy metabolism beyond the caloric contribution itself, which include the food intake control and metabolic changes. As an illustration, we also described the metabolic implication and hypothetical pathways of the high-fat diet-induced gene Trefoil Factor Family 2. The properties the diet has can have a variety of applications mainly in pharmacology and nutrition and further explore the "pharmacologically" active food towards potential therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdelaziz Ghanemi
- Functional Genomics Laboratory, Endocrinology and Nephrology Axis, CHU de Québec-Université Laval Research Center, Québec, QC G1V 4G2, Canada; (A.G.); (M.Y.)
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Québec, QC G1V 4G2, Canada
| | - Mayumi Yoshioka
- Functional Genomics Laboratory, Endocrinology and Nephrology Axis, CHU de Québec-Université Laval Research Center, Québec, QC G1V 4G2, Canada; (A.G.); (M.Y.)
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Québec, QC G1V 4G2, Canada
| | - Jonny St-Amand
- Functional Genomics Laboratory, Endocrinology and Nephrology Axis, CHU de Québec-Université Laval Research Center, Québec, QC G1V 4G2, Canada; (A.G.); (M.Y.)
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Québec, QC G1V 4G2, Canada
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5
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Gianmoena K, Gasparoni N, Jashari A, Gabrys P, Grgas K, Ghallab A, Nordström K, Gasparoni G, Reinders J, Edlund K, Godoy P, Schriewer A, Hayen H, Hudert CA, Damm G, Seehofer D, Weiss TS, Boor P, Anders HJ, Motrapu M, Jansen P, Schiergens TS, Falk-Paulsen M, Rosenstiel P, Lisowski C, Salido E, Marchan R, Walter J, Hengstler JG, Cadenas C. Epigenomic and transcriptional profiling identifies impaired glyoxylate detoxification in NAFLD as a risk factor for hyperoxaluria. Cell Rep 2021; 36:109526. [PMID: 34433051 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.109526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Revised: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Epigenetic modifications (e.g. DNA methylation) in NAFLD and their contribution to disease progression and extrahepatic complications are poorly explored. Here, we use an integrated epigenome and transcriptome analysis of mouse NAFLD hepatocytes and identify alterations in glyoxylate metabolism, a pathway relevant in kidney damage via oxalate release-a harmful waste product and kidney stone-promoting factor. Downregulation and hypermethylation of alanine-glyoxylate aminotransferase (Agxt), which detoxifies glyoxylate, preventing excessive oxalate accumulation, is accompanied by increased oxalate formation after metabolism of the precursor hydroxyproline. Viral-mediated Agxt transfer or inhibiting hydroxyproline catabolism rescues excessive oxalate release. In human steatotic hepatocytes, AGXT is also downregulated and hypermethylated, and in NAFLD adolescents, steatosis severity correlates with urinary oxalate excretion. Thus, this work identifies a reduced capacity of the steatotic liver to detoxify glyoxylate, triggering elevated oxalate, and provides a mechanistic explanation for the increased risk of kidney stones and chronic kidney disease in NAFLD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathrin Gianmoena
- Department of Toxicology, Leibniz-Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors at the TU Dortmund (IfADo), 44139 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Nina Gasparoni
- Department of Genetics, Saarland University, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Adelina Jashari
- Department of Toxicology, Leibniz-Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors at the TU Dortmund (IfADo), 44139 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Philipp Gabrys
- Department of Toxicology, Leibniz-Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors at the TU Dortmund (IfADo), 44139 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Katharina Grgas
- Department of Toxicology, Leibniz-Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors at the TU Dortmund (IfADo), 44139 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Ahmed Ghallab
- Department of Toxicology, Leibniz-Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors at the TU Dortmund (IfADo), 44139 Dortmund, Germany; Department of Forensic and Veterinary Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, South Valley University, 83523 Qena, Egypt
| | - Karl Nordström
- Department of Genetics, Saarland University, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Gilles Gasparoni
- Department of Genetics, Saarland University, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Jörg Reinders
- Department of Toxicology, Leibniz-Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors at the TU Dortmund (IfADo), 44139 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Karolina Edlund
- Department of Toxicology, Leibniz-Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors at the TU Dortmund (IfADo), 44139 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Patricio Godoy
- Department of Toxicology, Leibniz-Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors at the TU Dortmund (IfADo), 44139 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Alexander Schriewer
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Heiko Hayen
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Christian A Hudert
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Metabolic Diseases, Charité-University Medicine Berlin, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Georg Damm
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Visceral Transplantation, University of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; Department of General-, Visceral- and Transplantation Surgery, Charité University Medicine Berlin, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Daniel Seehofer
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Visceral Transplantation, University of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; Department of General-, Visceral- and Transplantation Surgery, Charité University Medicine Berlin, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Thomas S Weiss
- University Children Hospital (KUNO), University Hospital Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Peter Boor
- Institute of Pathology and Department of Nephrology, University Clinic of RWTH Aachen, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Hans-Joachim Anders
- Department of Medicine IV, Renal Division, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, 80336 Munich, Germany
| | - Manga Motrapu
- Department of Medicine IV, Renal Division, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, 80336 Munich, Germany
| | - Peter Jansen
- Maastricht Centre for Systems Biology, University of Maastricht, 6229 Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Tobias S Schiergens
- Biobank of the Department of General, Visceral and Transplant Surgery, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Maren Falk-Paulsen
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology (IKMB), Kiel University and University Hospital Schleswig Holstein, Campus Kiel, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Philip Rosenstiel
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology (IKMB), Kiel University and University Hospital Schleswig Holstein, Campus Kiel, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Clivia Lisowski
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University Hospital Bonn, Rheinische-Friedrich-Wilhelms University Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Eduardo Salido
- Hospital Universitario de Canarias, Universidad La Laguna, CIBERER, 38320 Tenerife, Spain
| | - Rosemarie Marchan
- Department of Toxicology, Leibniz-Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors at the TU Dortmund (IfADo), 44139 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Jörn Walter
- Department of Genetics, Saarland University, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Jan G Hengstler
- Department of Toxicology, Leibniz-Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors at the TU Dortmund (IfADo), 44139 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Cristina Cadenas
- Department of Toxicology, Leibniz-Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors at the TU Dortmund (IfADo), 44139 Dortmund, Germany.
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6
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Liu Y, He S, Zhou R, Zhang X, Yang S, Deng D, Zhang C, Yu X, Chen Y, Su Z. Nuclear Factor-Y in Mouse Pancreatic β-Cells Plays a Crucial Role in Glucose Homeostasis by Regulating β-Cell Mass and Insulin Secretion. Diabetes 2021; 70:1703-1716. [PMID: 33980692 DOI: 10.2337/db20-1238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic β-cell mass and insulin secretion are determined by the dynamic change of transcription factor expression levels in response to altered metabolic demand. Nuclear factor-Y (NF-Y) is an evolutionarily conserved transcription factor playing critical roles in multiple cellular processes. However, the physiological role of NF-Y in pancreatic β-cells is poorly understood. The current study was undertaken in a conditional knockout of Nf-ya specifically in pancreatic β-cells (Nf-ya βKO) to define the essential physiological role of NF-Y in β-cells. Nf-ya βKO mice exhibited glucose intolerance without changes in insulin sensitivity. Reduced β-cell proliferation resulting in decreased β-cell mass was observed in these mice, which was associated with disturbed actin cytoskeleton. NF-Y-deficient β-cells also exhibited impaired insulin secretion with a reduced Ca2+ influx in response to glucose, which was associated with an inefficient glucose uptake into β-cells due to a decreased expression of GLUT2 and a reduction in ATP production resulting from the disruption of mitochondrial integrity. This study is the first to show that NF-Y is critical for pancreatic islet homeostasis and function through regulation in β-cell proliferation, glucose uptake into β-cells, and mitochondrial energy metabolism. Modulating NF-Y expression in β-cells may therefore offer an attractive approach for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin Liu
- Molecular Medicine Research Center and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Siyuan He
- Molecular Medicine Research Center and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ruixue Zhou
- Molecular Medicine Research Center and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xueping Zhang
- Molecular Medicine Research Center and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Shanshan Yang
- Molecular Medicine Research Center and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Dan Deng
- Molecular Medicine Research Center and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Caixia Zhang
- Molecular Medicine Research Center and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaoqian Yu
- Molecular Medicine Research Center and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yulong Chen
- Molecular Medicine Research Center and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhiguang Su
- Molecular Medicine Research Center and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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7
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Sandovici I, Hammerle CM, Virtue S, Vivas-Garcia Y, Izquierdo-Lahuerta A, Ozanne SE, Vidal-Puig A, Medina-Gómez G, Constância M. Autocrine IGF2 programmes β-cell plasticity under conditions of increased metabolic demand. Sci Rep 2021; 11:7717. [PMID: 33833312 PMCID: PMC8032793 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-87292-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
When exposed to nutrient excess and insulin resistance, pancreatic β-cells undergo adaptive changes in order to maintain glucose homeostasis. The role that growth control genes, highly expressed in early pancreas development, might exert in programming β-cell plasticity in later life is a poorly studied area. The imprinted Igf2 (insulin-like growth factor 2) gene is highly transcribed during early life and has been identified in recent genome-wide association studies as a type 2 diabetes susceptibility gene in humans. Hence, here we investigate the long-term phenotypic metabolic consequences of conditional Igf2 deletion in pancreatic β-cells (Igf2βKO) in mice. We show that autocrine actions of IGF2 are not critical for β-cell development, or for the early post-natal wave of β-cell remodelling. Additionally, adult Igf2βKO mice maintain glucose homeostasis when fed a chow diet. However, pregnant Igf2βKO females become hyperglycemic and hyperinsulinemic, and their conceptuses exhibit hyperinsulinemia and placentomegalia. Insulin resistance induced by congenital leptin deficiency also renders Igf2βKO females more hyperglycaemic compared to leptin-deficient controls. Upon high-fat diet feeding, Igf2βKO females are less susceptible to develop insulin resistance. Based on these findings, we conclude that in female mice, autocrine actions of β-cell IGF2 during early development determine their adaptive capacity in adult life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ionel Sandovici
- Metabolic Research Laboratories and MRC Metabolic Diseases Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrookes Hospital, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK.
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology and National Institute for Health Research, Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge, CB2 0SW, UK.
- Centre for Trophoblast Research, Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 3EG, UK.
| | - Constanze M Hammerle
- Metabolic Research Laboratories and MRC Metabolic Diseases Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrookes Hospital, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK.
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology and National Institute for Health Research, Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge, CB2 0SW, UK.
- Novo Nordisk A/S, 2880, Bagsværd, Denmark.
| | - Sam Virtue
- Metabolic Research Laboratories and MRC Metabolic Diseases Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrookes Hospital, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Yurena Vivas-Garcia
- Área de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Departamento de Ciencias Básicas de la Salud, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, 28922, Alcorcón, Madrid, Spain
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of Oxford, Headington, Oxford, OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Adriana Izquierdo-Lahuerta
- Área de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Departamento de Ciencias Básicas de la Salud, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, 28922, Alcorcón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Susan E Ozanne
- Metabolic Research Laboratories and MRC Metabolic Diseases Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrookes Hospital, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Antonio Vidal-Puig
- Metabolic Research Laboratories and MRC Metabolic Diseases Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrookes Hospital, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
- Welcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, CB10 1SA, UK
- Cambridge University Nanjing Centre of Technology and Innovation, Jiangbei Area, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Gema Medina-Gómez
- Área de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Departamento de Ciencias Básicas de la Salud, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, 28922, Alcorcón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel Constância
- Metabolic Research Laboratories and MRC Metabolic Diseases Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrookes Hospital, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK.
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology and National Institute for Health Research, Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge, CB2 0SW, UK.
- Centre for Trophoblast Research, Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 3EG, UK.
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8
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Tenenbaum M, Plaisance V, Boutry R, Pawlowski V, Jacovetti C, Sanchez-Parra C, Ezanno H, Bourry J, Beeler N, Pasquetti G, Gmyr V, Dalle S, Kerr-Conte J, Pattou F, Hirai SI, Regazzi R, Bonnefond A, Froguel P, Abderrahmani A. The Map3k12 (Dlk)/JNK3 signaling pathway is required for pancreatic beta-cell proliferation during postnatal development. Cell Mol Life Sci 2021; 78:287-298. [PMID: 32189007 PMCID: PMC11072213 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-020-03499-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2019] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Unveiling the key pathways underlying postnatal beta-cell proliferation can be instrumental to decipher the mechanisms of beta-cell mass plasticity to increased physiological demand of insulin during weight gain and pregnancy. Using transcriptome and global Serine Threonine Kinase activity (STK) analyses of islets from newborn (10 days old) and adult rats, we found that highly proliferative neonatal rat islet cells display a substantially elevated activity of the mitogen activated protein 3 kinase 12, also called dual leucine zipper-bearing kinase (Dlk). As a key upstream component of the c-Jun amino terminal kinase (Jnk) pathway, Dlk overexpression was associated with increased Jnk3 activity and was mainly localized in the beta-cell cytoplasm. We provide the evidence that Dlk associates with and activates Jnk3, and that this cascade stimulates the expression of Ccnd1 and Ccnd2, two essential cyclins controlling postnatal beta-cell replication. Silencing of Dlk or of Jnk3 in neonatal islet cells dramatically hampered primary beta-cell replication and the expression of the two cyclins. Moreover, the expression of Dlk, Jnk3, Ccnd1 and Ccnd2 was induced in high replicative islet beta cells from ob/ob mice during weight gain, and from pregnant female rats. In human islets from non-diabetic obese individuals, DLK expression was also cytoplasmic and the rise of the mRNA level was associated with an increase of JNK3, CCND1 and CCND2 mRNA levels, when compared to islets from lean and obese patients with diabetes. In conclusion, we find that activation of Jnk3 signalling by Dlk could be a key mechanism for adapting islet beta-cell mass during postnatal development and weight gain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathie Tenenbaum
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR 8199-EGID, 59000, Lille, France.
| | - Valérie Plaisance
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR 8199-EGID, 59000, Lille, France
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Centrale Lille, ISEN, Univ. Valenciennes, UMR 8520, IEMN, 59000, Lille, France
| | - Raphael Boutry
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR 8199-EGID, 59000, Lille, France
| | - Valérie Pawlowski
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR 8199-EGID, 59000, Lille, France
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Centrale Lille, ISEN, Univ. Valenciennes, UMR 8520, IEMN, 59000, Lille, France
| | - Cécile Jacovetti
- Department of Fundamental Neuroscience, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Clara Sanchez-Parra
- Department of Fundamental Neuroscience, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Hélène Ezanno
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR 8199-EGID, 59000, Lille, France
| | - Julien Bourry
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR 8199-EGID, 59000, Lille, France
| | - Nicole Beeler
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR 8199-EGID, 59000, Lille, France
| | - Gianni Pasquetti
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1190-EGID, 59000, Lille, France
| | - Valery Gmyr
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1190-EGID, 59000, Lille, France
| | - Stéphane Dalle
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle, CNRS UMR5203, INSERM U1191, Montpellier University, Montpellier, France
| | - Julie Kerr-Conte
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1190-EGID, 59000, Lille, France
| | - François Pattou
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1190-EGID, 59000, Lille, France
| | - Syu-Ichi Hirai
- Départment of Biology, Wakayama University, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Romano Regazzi
- Department of Fundamental Neuroscience, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Amélie Bonnefond
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR 8199-EGID, 59000, Lille, France
- Department of Medicine, Section of Genomics of Common Disease, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Philippe Froguel
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR 8199-EGID, 59000, Lille, France
- Department of Medicine, Section of Genomics of Common Disease, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Amar Abderrahmani
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR 8199-EGID, 59000, Lille, France.
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Centrale Lille, ISEN, Univ. Valenciennes, UMR 8520, IEMN, 59000, Lille, France.
- Department of Medicine, Section of Genomics of Common Disease, Imperial College London, London, UK.
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9
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Boschetti D, Muller CR, Américo ALV, Vecchiatto B, Martucci LF, Pereira RO, Oliveira CP, Fiorino P, Evangelista FS, Azevedo-Martins AK. Aerobic Physical Exercise Improves Exercise Tolerance and Fasting Glycemia Independent of Body Weight Change in Obese Females. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:772914. [PMID: 34970223 PMCID: PMC8713970 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.772914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is associated with increased risk of several chronic diseases and the loss of disease-free years, which has increased the focus of much research for the discovery of therapy to combat it. Under healthy conditions, women tend to store more fat in subcutaneous deposits. However, this sexual dimorphism tends to be lost in the presence of comorbidities, such as type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Aerobic physical exercise (APE) has been applied in the management of obesity, however, is still necessary to better understand the effects of APE in obese female. Thus, we investigated the effect of APE on body weight, adiposity, exercise tolerance and glucose metabolism in female ob/ob mice. Eight-weeks-old female wild-type C57BL/6J and leptin-deficient ob/ob mice (Lepob) were distributed into three groups: wild-type sedentary group (Wt; n = 6), leptin-deficient sedentary group (LepobS; n = 5) and leptin-deficient trained group (LepobT; n = 8). The LepobT mice were subjected to 8 weeks of aerobic physical exercise (APE) at 60% of the maximum velocity achieved in the running capacity test. The APE had no effect in attenuating body weight gain, and did not reduce subcutaneous and retroperitoneal white adipose tissue (SC-WAT and RP-WAT, respectively) and interscapular brown adipose tissue (iBAT) weights. The APE neither improved glucose intolerance nor insulin resistance in the LepobT group. Also, the APE did not reduce the diameter or the area of RP-WAT adipocytes, but the APE reduced the diameter and the area of SC-WAT adipocytes, which was associated with lower fasting glycemia and islet/pancreas area ratio in the LepobT group. In addition, the APE increased exercise tolerance and this response was also associated with lower fasting glycemia in the LepobT group. In conclusion, starting APE at a later age with a more severe degree of obesity did not attenuate the excessive body weight gain, however the APE promoted benefits that can improve the female health, and for this reason it should be recommended as a non-pharmacological therapy for obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Boschetti
- School of Arts, Science and Humanities, University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Cynthia R. Muller
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, San Diego, CA, United States
- Department of Experimental Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Anna Laura V. Américo
- Department of Experimental Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Bruno Vecchiatto
- School of Arts, Science and Humanities, University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Experimental Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luiz Felipe Martucci
- Department of Experimental Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Renata O. Pereira
- Translational Medicine Division, Department of Medicine, Federal University of São Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Cláudia P. Oliveira
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Gastroenterology (LIM 07), Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Patricia Fiorino
- Renal, Cardiovascular and Metabolic Physiopharmacology Laboratory, Health and Biological Science Center, Mackenzie Presbyterian University, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Anna Karenina Azevedo-Martins
- School of Arts, Science and Humanities, University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- *Correspondence: Anna Karenina Azevedo-Martins,
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10
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Chang ML, Yang Z, Yang SS. Roles of Adipokines in Digestive Diseases: Markers of Inflammation, Metabolic Alteration and Disease Progression. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E8308. [PMID: 33167521 PMCID: PMC7663948 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21218308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Revised: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Adipose tissue is a highly dynamic endocrine tissue and constitutes a central node in the interorgan crosstalk network through adipokines, which cause pleiotropic effects, including the modulation of angiogenesis, metabolism, and inflammation. Specifically, digestive cancers grow anatomically near adipose tissue. During their interaction with cancer cells, adipocytes are reprogrammed into cancer-associated adipocytes and secrete adipokines to affect tumor cells. Moreover, the liver is the central metabolic hub. Adipose tissue and the liver cooperatively regulate whole-body energy homeostasis via adipokines. Obesity, the excessive accumulation of adipose tissue due to hyperplasia and hypertrophy, is currently considered a global epidemic and is related to low-grade systemic inflammation characterized by altered adipokine regulation. Obesity-related digestive diseases, including gastroesophageal reflux disease, Barrett's esophagus, esophageal cancer, colon polyps and cancer, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, viral hepatitis-related diseases, cholelithiasis, gallbladder cancer, cholangiocarcinoma, pancreatic cancer, and diabetes, might cause specific alterations in adipokine profiles. These patterns and associated bases potentially contribute to the identification of prognostic biomarkers and therapeutic approaches for the associated digestive diseases. This review highlights important findings about altered adipokine profiles relevant to digestive diseases, including hepatic, pancreatic, gastrointestinal, and biliary tract diseases, with a perspective on clinical implications and mechanistic explorations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Ling Chang
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan
- Division of Hepatology, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan
| | - Zinger Yang
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01655, USA;
| | - Sien-Sing Yang
- Liver Center, Cathay General Hospital Medical Center, Taipei 10630, Taiwan;
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11
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Griffin DM, Bitner BR, Criss Ii Z, Marcano D, Berlin JM, Kent TA, Tour JM, Samson SL, Pautler RG. Use of a bioengineered antioxidant in mouse models of metabolic syndrome. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2020; 29:209-219. [PMID: 31937152 DOI: 10.1080/13543784.2020.1716216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Background: Oxidative stress has been implicated in metabolic syndrome (MetS); however, antioxidants such as vitamin E have had limited success in the clinic. This prompts the question of what effects amore potent antioxidant might produce. A prime candidate is the recently developed bioengineered antioxidant, poly(ethylene glycol)-functionalizedhydrophilic carbon clusters (PEG-HCCs), which are capable of neutralizing the reactive oxygen species (ROS) superoxide anion and hydroxyl radical at106/molecule of PEG-HCC. In this project, we tested the potential of PEG-HCCs as a possible therapeutic for MetS.Results: PEG-HCC treatment lessened lipid peroxidation, aspartate aminotransferase levels, non-fastingblood glucose levels, and JNK phosphorylation inob/ob mice. PEG-HCC-treated WT mice had an increased response to insulin by insulin tolerance tests and adecrease in blood glucose by glucose tolerance tests. These effects were not observed in HFD-fed mice, regardless of treatment. PEG-HCCs were observed in the interstitial space of liver, spleen, skeletal muscle, and adipose tissue. No significant difference was shown in gluconeogenesis or inflammatory gene expression between treatment and dietary groups.Expert Opinion: PEG-HCCs improved some parameters of disease possibly due to a resulting increase in peripheral insulin sensitivity. However, additional studies are needed to elucidate how PEG-HCCsare producing these effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deric M Griffin
- Interdepartmental Program in Translation Biology and Molecular Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Brittany R Bitner
- Interdepartmental Program in Translation Biology and Molecular Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Zachary Criss Ii
- Interdepartmental Program in Translation Biology and Molecular Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Daniela Marcano
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA.,Smalley-Curl Institute for and Nanocarbon Center, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jacob M Berlin
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA.,Smalley-Curl Institute for and Nanocarbon Center, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA.,Molecular Medicine, City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Thomas A Kent
- Interdepartmental Program in Translation Biology and Molecular Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.,Department of Neurology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.,Center for Translational Research on Inflammatory Diseases, Michael E. DeBakey VA Medical Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - James M Tour
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA.,Smalley-Curl Institute for and Nanocarbon Center, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Susan L Samson
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA.,Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Robia G Pautler
- Interdepartmental Program in Translation Biology and Molecular Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.,Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
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12
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Burke SJ, Batdorf HM, Huang TY, Jackson JW, Jones KA, Martin TM, Rohli KE, Karlstad MD, Sparer TE, Burk DH, Campagna SR, Noland RC, Soto PL, Collier JJ. One week of continuous corticosterone exposure impairs hepatic metabolic flexibility, promotes islet β-cell proliferation, and reduces physical activity in male C57BL/6 J mice. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2019; 195:105468. [PMID: 31536768 PMCID: PMC6939671 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2019.105468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2019] [Revised: 08/28/2019] [Accepted: 09/05/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Clinical glucocorticoid use, and diseases that produce elevated circulating glucocorticoids, promote drastic changes in body composition and reduction in whole body insulin sensitivity. Because steroid-induced diabetes is the most common form of drug-induced hyperglycemia, we investigated mechanisms underlying the recognized phenotypes associated with glucocorticoid excess. Male C57BL/6 J mice were exposed to either 100ug/mL corticosterone (cort) or vehicle in their drinking water. Body composition measurements revealed an increase in fat mass with drastically reduced lean mass during the first week (i.e., seven days) of cort exposure. Relative to the vehicle control group, mice receiving cort had a significant reduction in insulin sensitivity (measured by insulin tolerance test) five days after drug intervention. The increase in insulin resistance significantly correlated with an increase in the number of Ki-67 positive β-cells. Moreover, the ability to switch between fuel sources in liver tissue homogenate substrate oxidation assays revealed reduced metabolic flexibility. Furthermore, metabolomics analyses revealed a decrease in liver glycolytic metabolites, suggesting reduced glucose utilization, a finding consistent with onset of systemic insulin resistance. Physical activity was reduced, while respiratory quotient was increased, in mice receiving corticosterone. The majority of metabolic changes were reversed upon cessation of the drug regimen. Collectively, we conclude that changes in body composition and tissue level substrate metabolism are key components influencing the reductions in whole body insulin sensitivity observed during glucocorticoid administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan J Burke
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University System, Baton Rouge, LA 70808, United States
| | - Heidi M Batdorf
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University System, Baton Rouge, LA 70808, United States
| | - Tai-Yu Huang
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University System, Baton Rouge, LA 70808, United States
| | - Joseph W Jackson
- Department of Microbiology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, United States
| | - Katarina A Jones
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, United States
| | - Thomas M Martin
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University System, Baton Rouge, LA 70808, United States; Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, United States
| | - Kristen E Rohli
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University System, Baton Rouge, LA 70808, United States; Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, United States
| | - Michael D Karlstad
- Department of Surgery, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Knoxville, TN 37920, United States
| | - Tim E Sparer
- Department of Microbiology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, United States
| | - David H Burk
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University System, Baton Rouge, LA 70808, United States
| | - Shawn R Campagna
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, United States
| | - Robert C Noland
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University System, Baton Rouge, LA 70808, United States
| | - Paul L Soto
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University System, Baton Rouge, LA 70808, United States; Department of Psychology, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, United States
| | - J Jason Collier
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University System, Baton Rouge, LA 70808, United States; Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, United States.
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13
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Scarlett JM, Muta K, Brown JM, Rojas JM, Matsen ME, Acharya NK, Secher A, Ingvorsen C, Jorgensen R, Høeg-Jensen T, Stefanovski D, Bergman RN, Piccinini F, Kaiyala KJ, Shiota M, Morton GJ, Schwartz MW. Peripheral Mechanisms Mediating the Sustained Antidiabetic Action of FGF1 in the Brain. Diabetes 2019; 68:654-664. [PMID: 30523024 PMCID: PMC6385755 DOI: 10.2337/db18-0498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2018] [Accepted: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
We recently reported that in rodent models of type 2 diabetes (T2D), a single intracerebroventricular (icv) injection of fibroblast growth factor 1 (FGF1) induces remission of hyperglycemia that is sustained for weeks. To clarify the peripheral mechanisms underlying this effect, we used the Zucker diabetic fatty fa/fa rat model of T2D, which, like human T2D, is characterized by progressive deterioration of pancreatic β-cell function after hyperglycemia onset. We report that although icv FGF1 injection delays the onset of β-cell dysfunction in these animals, it has no effect on either glucose-induced insulin secretion or insulin sensitivity. These observations suggest that FGF1 acts in the brain to stimulate insulin-independent glucose clearance. On the basis of our finding that icv FGF1 treatment increases hepatic glucokinase gene expression, we considered the possibility that increased hepatic glucose uptake (HGU) contributes to the insulin-independent glucose-lowering effect of icv FGF1. Consistent with this possibility, we report that icv FGF1 injection increases liver glucokinase activity by approximately twofold. We conclude that sustained remission of hyperglycemia induced by the central action of FGF1 involves both preservation of β-cell function and stimulation of HGU through increased hepatic glucokinase activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jarrad M Scarlett
- University of Washington Medicine Diabetes Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Kenjiro Muta
- University of Washington Medicine Diabetes Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Jenny M Brown
- University of Washington Medicine Diabetes Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Jennifer M Rojas
- University of Washington Medicine Diabetes Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
- Department of Physiology, Institute for Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Miles E Matsen
- University of Washington Medicine Diabetes Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Nikhil K Acharya
- University of Washington Medicine Diabetes Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | | | | | | | | | - Darko Stefanovski
- New Bolton Center, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Richard N Bergman
- Diabetes and Obesity Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Francesca Piccinini
- Diabetes and Obesity Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Karl J Kaiyala
- Department of Oral Health Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Masakazu Shiota
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN
| | - Gregory J Morton
- University of Washington Medicine Diabetes Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Michael W Schwartz
- University of Washington Medicine Diabetes Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
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14
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Adingupu DD, Göpel SO, Grönros J, Behrendt M, Sotak M, Miliotis T, Dahlqvist U, Gan LM, Jönsson-Rylander AC. SGLT2 inhibition with empagliflozin improves coronary microvascular function and cardiac contractility in prediabetic ob/ob -/- mice. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2019; 18:16. [PMID: 30732594 PMCID: PMC6366096 DOI: 10.1186/s12933-019-0820-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2018] [Accepted: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) is the first class of anti-diabetes treatment that reduces mortality and risk for hospitalization due to heart failure. In clinical studies it has been shown that SGLT2i's promote a general shift to fasting state metabolism characterized by reduced body weight and blood glucose, increase in glucagon/insulin ratio and modest increase in blood ketone levels. Therefore, we investigated the connection between metabolic changes and cardiovascular function in the ob/ob-/- mice; a rodent model of early diabetes with specific focus on coronary microvascular function. Due to leptin deficiency these mice develop metabolic syndrome/diabetes and hepatic steatosis. They also develop cardiac contractile and microvascular dysfunction and are thus a promising model for translational studies of cardiometabolic diseases. We investigated whether this mouse model responded in a human-like manner to empagliflozin treatment in terms of metabolic parameters and tested the hypothesis that it could exert direct effects on coronary microvascular function and contractile performance. METHODS Lean, ob/ob-/- untreated and ob/ob-/- treated with SGLT2i were followed for 10 weeks. Coronary flow velocity reserve (CFVR) and fractional area change (FAC) were monitored with non-invasive Doppler ultrasound imaging. Food intake, urinary glucose excursion and glucose control via HbA1c measurements were followed throughout the study. Liver steatosis was assessed by histology and metabolic parameters determined at the end of the study. RESULTS Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors treatment of ob/ob-/- animals resulted in a switch to a more catabolic state as observed in clinical studies: blood cholesterol and HbA1c were decreased whereas glucagon/insulin ratio and ketone levels were increased. SGLT2i treatment reduced liver triglyceride, steatosis and alanine aminotransferase, an indicator for liver dysfunction. L-Arginine/ADMA ratio, a marker for endothelial function was increased. SGLT2i treatment improved both cardiac contractile function and coronary microvascular function as indicated by improvement of FAC and CFVR, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors treatment of ob/ob-/- mice mimics major clinical findings regarding metabolism and cardiovascular improvements and is thus a useful translational model. We demonstrate that SGLT2 inhibition improves coronary microvascular function and contractile performance, two measures with strong predictive values in humans for CV outcome, alongside with the known metabolic changes in a preclinical model for prediabetes and heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damilola D. Adingupu
- Bioscience, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolic Diseases, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca Gothenburg, Pepparedsleden 1, Mölndal, 431 83 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Sven O. Göpel
- Bioscience, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolic Diseases, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca Gothenburg, Pepparedsleden 1, Mölndal, 431 83 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Julia Grönros
- Bioscience, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolic Diseases, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca Gothenburg, Pepparedsleden 1, Mölndal, 431 83 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Margareta Behrendt
- Bioscience, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolic Diseases, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca Gothenburg, Pepparedsleden 1, Mölndal, 431 83 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Matus Sotak
- Bioscience, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolic Diseases, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca Gothenburg, Pepparedsleden 1, Mölndal, 431 83 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Tasso Miliotis
- Translational Science, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolic Diseases, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Ulrika Dahlqvist
- Bioscience, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolic Diseases, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca Gothenburg, Pepparedsleden 1, Mölndal, 431 83 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Li-Ming Gan
- Early Clinical Development, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolic Diseases, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Cardiology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Ann-Cathrine Jönsson-Rylander
- Bioscience, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolic Diseases, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca Gothenburg, Pepparedsleden 1, Mölndal, 431 83 Gothenburg, Sweden
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15
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Antihyperglycemic and Antilipidemic Effects of the Ethanol Extract Mixture of Ligularia fischeri and Momordica charantia in Type II Diabetes-Mimicking Mice. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2018; 2018:3468040. [PMID: 30386403 PMCID: PMC6189690 DOI: 10.1155/2018/3468040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2018] [Revised: 07/24/2018] [Accepted: 09/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The extract of the Momordica charantia fruit (MCE) is recognized as an alternative treatment for diabetes. The extract of Ligularia fischeri leaves (LFE) is traditionally used as a folk medicine for treating inflammatory diseases in Korea as well. In this study, we investigated the synergistic effect of MCE combined with LFE on antihyperglycemic and antihyperlipidemic potentials. Based on the α-glucosidase inhibitory effect and promotion of adipocyte differentiation in the 3T3-L1 cell line, the MLM was prepared with MCE:LFE (8:2 weight:weight). MLM showed the synergistic effects in the promotion of the glucose uptake rate, suppression of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) mRNA expression, upregulation of an insulin receptor substrate and glucose transporter type-4 expression, and an increase in insulin-associated signaling in C2C12 cells. In addition, the efficacy of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ agonism and glucose uptake rate by MLM supplementation was significantly enhanced in vitro. Then, the antihyperglycemic and antihyperlipidemic effects of MCE, LFE, and MLM at the dose of 50, 100, and 200 mg/kg/day (n = 6 per each group) were determined in streptozotocin (STZ)-insulted mice fed an atherogenic diet (ATH) for 4 weeks. In addition, MLM (50, 100, and 200 mg/kg/day, n = 5 per each group) was supplemented in ATH-fed db/db mice for 10 weeks. Compared with MCE or LFE alone, MLM supplementation led to a more significant reduction of glucose levels in both STZ/ATH and db/db/ATH mice as well as lowered lipid profiles in STZ/ATH mice. In addition, the stimulation of islet of Langerhans regeneration was more pronounced by MLM supplementation in both mice models. In conclusion, antihyperglycemic and antihyperlipidemic effects were strengthened by the combined extracts of L. fischeri and M. charantia (MLM) in diabetes-mimicking mice.
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16
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Droz BA, Sneed BL, Jackson CV, Zimmerman KM, Michael MD, Emmerson PJ, Coskun T, Peterson RG. Correlation of disease severity with body weight and high fat diet in the FATZO/Pco mouse. PLoS One 2017. [PMID: 28640904 PMCID: PMC5480996 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0179808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity in many current pre-clinical animal models of obesity and diabetes is mediated by monogenic mutations; these are rarely associated with the development of human obesity. A new mouse model, the FATZO mouse, has been developed to provide polygenic obesity and a metabolic pattern of hyperglycemia and hyperinsulinemia, that support the presence of insulin resistance similar to metabolic disease in patients with insulin resistance/type 2 diabetes. The FATZO mouse resulted from a cross of C57BL/6J and AKR/J mice followed by selective inbreeding for obesity, increased insulin and hyperglycemia. Since many clinical studies have established a close link between higher body weight and the development of type 2 diabetes, we investigated whether time to progression to type 2 diabetes or disease severity in FATZO mice was dependent on weight gain in young animals. Our results indicate that lighter animals developed metabolic disturbances much slower and to a lesser magnitude than their heavier counterparts. Consumption of a diet containing high fat, accelerated weight gain in parallel with disease progression. A naturally occurring and significant variation in the body weight of FATZO offspring enables these mice to be identified as low, mid and high body weight groups at a young age. These weight groups remain into adulthood and correspond to slow, medium and accelerated development of type 2 diabetes. Thus, body weight inclusion criteria can optimize the FATZO model for studies of prevention, stabilization or treatment of type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian A. Droz
- Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Bria L. Sneed
- Ball State University, Muncie, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Charles V. Jackson
- Crown Bioscience - Indiana, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Karen M. Zimmerman
- Crown Bioscience - Indiana, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States of America
| | - M. Dodson Michael
- Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Paul J. Emmerson
- Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Tamer Coskun
- Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Richard G. Peterson
- Crown Bioscience - Indiana, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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17
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Parween S, Kostromina E, Nord C, Eriksson M, Lindström P, Ahlgren U. Intra-islet lesions and lobular variations in β-cell mass expansion in ob/ob mice revealed by 3D imaging of intact pancreas. Sci Rep 2016; 6:34885. [PMID: 27713548 PMCID: PMC5054357 DOI: 10.1038/srep34885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2016] [Accepted: 09/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The leptin deficient ob/ob mouse is a widely used model for studies on initial aspects of metabolic disturbances leading to type 2 diabetes, including insulin resistance and obesity. Although it is generally accepted that ob/ob mice display a dramatic increase in β-cell mass to compensate for increased insulin demand, the spatial and quantitative dynamics of β-cell mass distribution in this model has not been assessed by modern optical 3D imaging techniques. We applied optical projection tomography and ultramicroscopy imaging to extract information about individual islet β-cell volumes throughout the volume of ob/ob pancreas between 4 and 52 weeks of age. Our data show that cystic lesions constitute a significant volume of the hyperplastic ob/ob islets. We propose that these lesions are formed by a mechanism involving extravasation of red blood cells/plasma due to increased islet vessel blood flow and vessel instability. Further, our data indicate that the primary lobular compartments of the ob/ob pancreas have different potentials for expanding their β-cell population. Unawareness of the characteristics of β-cell expansion in ob/ob mice presented in this report may significantly influence ex vivo and in vivo assessments of this model in studies of β-cell adaptation and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saba Parween
- Umeå Centre for Molecular Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Elena Kostromina
- Umeå Centre for Molecular Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Christoffer Nord
- Umeå Centre for Molecular Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Maria Eriksson
- Umeå Centre for Molecular Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Per Lindström
- Integrative Medical Biology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Ulf Ahlgren
- Umeå Centre for Molecular Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
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18
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Liu Y, Prentice KJ, Eversley JA, Hu C, Batchuluun B, Leavey K, Hansen JB, Wei DW, Cox B, Dai FF, Jia W, Wheeler MB. Rapid Elevation in CMPF May Act As a Tipping Point in Diabetes Development. Cell Rep 2016; 14:2889-900. [PMID: 26997281 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2016.02.079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2015] [Revised: 12/15/2015] [Accepted: 02/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Prediabetes, a state of mild glucose intolerance, can persist for years before a sudden decline in beta cell function and rapid deterioration to overt diabetes. The mechanism underlying this tipping point of beta cell dysfunction remains unknown. Here, the furan fatty acid metabolite CMPF was evaluated in a prospective cohort. Those who developed overt diabetes had a significant increase in CMPF over time, whereas prediabetics maintained chronically elevated levels, even up to 5 years before diagnosis. To evaluate the effect of increasing CMPF on diabetes progression, we used obese, insulin-resistant models of prediabetes. CMPF accelerated diabetes development by inducing metabolic remodeling, resulting in preferential utilization of fatty acids over glucose. This was associated with diminished glucose-stimulated insulin secretion, increased ROS formation, and accumulation of proinsulin, all characteristics of human diabetes. Thus, an increase in CMPF may represent the tipping point in diabetes development by accelerating beta cell dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Liu
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Medical Sciences Building, Room 3352, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Kacey J Prentice
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Medical Sciences Building, Room 3352, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Judith A Eversley
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Medical Sciences Building, Room 3352, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Cheng Hu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Battsetseg Batchuluun
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Medical Sciences Building, Room 3352, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Katherine Leavey
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Medical Sciences Building, Room 3360, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Jakob B Hansen
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Medical Sciences Building, Room 3352, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - David W Wei
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Medical Sciences Building, Room 3352, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Brian Cox
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Medical Sciences Building, Room 3360, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Feihan F Dai
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Medical Sciences Building, Room 3352, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Weiping Jia
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, China.
| | - Michael B Wheeler
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Medical Sciences Building, Room 3352, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada.
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19
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King A, Bowe J. Animal models for diabetes: Understanding the pathogenesis and finding new treatments. Biochem Pharmacol 2015; 99:1-10. [PMID: 26432954 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2015.08.108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2015] [Accepted: 08/26/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is a lifelong, metabolic disease that is characterised by an inability to maintain normal glucose homeostasis. There are several different forms of diabetes, however the two most common are Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes. Type 1 diabetes is caused by the autoimmune destruction of pancreatic beta cells and a subsequent lack of insulin production, whilst Type 2 diabetes is due to a combination of both insulin resistance and an inability of the beta cells to compensate adequately with increased insulin release. Animal models are increasingly being used to elucidate the mechanisms underlying both Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes as well as to identify and refine novel treatments. However, a wide range of different animal models are currently in use. The majority of these models are suited to addressing certain specific aspects of diabetes research, but may be of little use in other studies. All have pros and cons, and selecting an appropriate model for addressing a specific question is not always a trivial task and will influence the study results and their interpretation. Thus, as the number of available animal models increases it is important to consider the potential roles of these models in the many different aspects of diabetes research. This review gathers information on the currently used experimental animal models of both Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes and evaluates their advantages and disadvantages for research purposes and details the factors that should be taken into account in their use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aileen King
- Diabetes Research Group, Division of Diabetes and Nutritional Sciences, Hodgkin Building 2nd Floor, Guy's Campus, King's College London, London SE1 1UL, United Kingdom.
| | - James Bowe
- Diabetes Research Group, Division of Diabetes and Nutritional Sciences, Hodgkin Building 2nd Floor, Guy's Campus, King's College London, London SE1 1UL, United Kingdom
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Taurine supplementation regulates pancreatic islet function in response to potentiating agents in leptin-deficient obese mice. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2015; 803:371-85. [PMID: 25833510 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-15126-7_28] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
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21
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Santos-Silva JC, Ribeiro RA, Vettorazzi JF, Irles E, Rickli S, Borck PC, Porciuncula PM, Quesada I, Nadal A, Boschero AC, Carneiro EM. Taurine supplementation ameliorates glucose homeostasis, prevents insulin and glucagon hypersecretion, and controls β, α, and δ-cell masses in genetic obese mice. Amino Acids 2015; 47:1533-48. [PMID: 25940922 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-015-1988-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2015] [Accepted: 04/15/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Taurine (Tau) regulates β-cell function and glucose homeostasis under normal and diabetic conditions. Here, we assessed the effects of Tau supplementation upon glucose homeostasis and the morphophysiology of endocrine pancreas, in leptin-deficient obese (ob) mice. From weaning until 90-day-old, C57Bl/6 and ob mice received, or not, 5% Tau in drinking water (C, CT, ob and obT). Obese mice were hyperglycemic, glucose intolerant, insulin resistant, and exhibited higher hepatic glucose output. Tau supplementation did not prevent obesity, but ameliorated glucose homeostasis in obT. Islets from ob mice presented a higher glucose-induced intracellular Ca(2+) influx, NAD(P)H production and insulin release. Furthermore, α-cells from ob islets displayed a higher oscillatory Ca(2+) profile at low glucose concentrations, in association with glucagon hypersecretion. In Tau-supplemented ob mice, insulin and glucagon secretion was attenuated, while Ca(2+) influx tended to be normalized in β-cells and Ca(2+) oscillations were increased in α-cells. Tau normalized the inhibitory action of somatostatin (SST) upon insulin release in the obT group. In these islets, expression of the glucagon, GLUT-2 and TRPM5 genes was also restored. Tau also enhanced MafA, Ngn3 and NeuroD mRNA levels in obT islets. Morphometric analysis demonstrated that the hypertrophy of ob islets tends to be normalized by Tau with reductions in islet and β-cell masses, but enhanced δ-cell mass in obT. Our results indicate that Tau improves glucose homeostasis, regulating β-, α-, and δ-cell morphophysiology in ob mice, indicating that Tau may be a potential therapeutic tool for the preservation of endocrine pancreatic function in obesity and diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junia C Santos-Silva
- Departamento de Biologia Estrutural e Funcional, Instituto de Biologia, e Centro de Pesquisa em Obesidade e Comorbidades, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), C.P. 6109, Campinas, SP, CEP 13083-970, Brazil
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Rulifson IC, Majeti JZ, Xiong Y, Hamburger A, Lee KJ, Miao L, Lu M, Gardner J, Gong Y, Wu H, Case R, Yeh WC, Richards WG, Baribault H, Li Y. Inhibition of secreted frizzled-related protein 5 improves glucose metabolism. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2014; 307:E1144-52. [PMID: 25370851 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00283.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Elucidating the role of secreted frizzled-related protein 5 (SFRP5) in metabolism and obesity has been complicated by contradictory findings when knockout mice were used to determine metabolic phenotypes. By overexpressing SFRP5 in obese, prediabetic mice we consistently observed elevated hyperglycemia and glucose intolerance, supporting SFRP5 as a negative regulator of glucose metabolism. Accordingly, Sfrp5 mRNA expression analysis of both epididymal and subcutaneous adipose depots of mice indicated a correlation with obesity. Thus, we generated a monoclonal antibody (mAb) against SFRP5 to ascertain the effect of SFRP5 inhibition in vivo. Congruent with SFRP5 overexpression worsening blood glucose levels and glucose intolerance, anti-SFRP5 mAb therapy improved these phenotypes in vivo. The results from both the overexpression and mAb inhibition studies suggest a role for SFRP5 in glucose metabolism and pancreatic β-cell function and thus establish the use of an anti-SFRP5 mAb as a potential approach to treat type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Yumei Xiong
- Amgen Incorporated, South San Francisco, California; and
| | | | | | - Li Miao
- Amgen Incorporated, South San Francisco, California; and
| | - Mei Lu
- Amgen Incorporated, South San Francisco, California; and
| | | | - Yan Gong
- Amgen Incorporated, South San Francisco, California; and
| | - Hai Wu
- Amgen Incorporated, South San Francisco, California; and
| | - Ryan Case
- Amgen Incorporated, South San Francisco, California; and
| | - Wen-Chen Yeh
- Amgen Incorporated, South San Francisco, California; and
| | | | | | - Yang Li
- Amgen Incorporated, South San Francisco, California; and
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23
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Patel M, Gleason A, O'Malley S, Connolly B, Suresch D, Virostko J, Phillips N, Lin SA, Chen TB, Klimas M, Hargreaves RJ, Sur C, Williams DL, Powers AC, Bednar B. Non-invasive bioluminescence imaging of β-cell function in obese-hyperglycemic [ob/ob] mice. PLoS One 2014; 9:e106693. [PMID: 25198535 PMCID: PMC4157804 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0106693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2014] [Accepted: 08/01/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Type 2 diabetes results from failure of the β-cells to compensate for increased insulin demand due to abnormal levels of metabolic factors. The ob/ob(lep-/-) mouse has been extensively studied as an animal model of type 2 diabetes. Previous studies have shown a correlation between β-cell function and bioluminescent imaging in lean genetically engineered mice. The ability to noninvasively monitor β-cell function in ob/ob mice could provide new information on β-cell regulation in type 2 diabetes. Methods To create the B6 Albino ob/ob MIP-luc mice (ob/ob-luc), the ob/ob mouse was crossed with the CD1 MIP-luc mouse. All mice were backcrossed over multiple generations to ensure the genetic background of the transgenic mice was over 96% similar to the background of the original ob/ob mouse. Animal weight, blood glucose levels, insulin in plasma, and in vivo bioluminescence (BLI) were monitored weekly or biweekly for up to 70 weeks of age. BL imaging was performed using IVIS Spectrum (Perkin Elmer) and calculated by integrating the bioluminescence signal between 5 and 10 min after i.v. injection of D-luciferin. Insulin immunohistochemistry determined islet beta cell count and insulin secretion assay determined islet insulin function. Results There were significant increases in BLI and insulin levels as the ob/ob-luc mice aged while glucose levels gradually decreased. Ob/ob-luc were sacrificed at different time points to determine ex vivo BLI, islet function and total β-cell numbers using a cell counting training algorithm developed for the Vectra image analysis system (Perkin Elmer). The number of β-cells increased as the mice aged and all three ex vivo measurements correlated with BLI. Conclusions The ob/ob-luc mice can serve as a model of metabolic stress, similar to human type 2 diabetes using BLI as a surrogate marker for β-cell function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manishkumar Patel
- Imaging Department, Merck Research Laboratories, Merck and Co., West Point, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Alexa Gleason
- Imaging Department, Merck Research Laboratories, Merck and Co., West Point, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Stacey O'Malley
- Imaging Department, Merck Research Laboratories, Merck and Co., West Point, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Brett Connolly
- Imaging Department, Merck Research Laboratories, Merck and Co., West Point, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Donna Suresch
- Imaging Department, Merck Research Laboratories, Merck and Co., West Point, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - John Virostko
- Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Neil Phillips
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Shu-An Lin
- Imaging Department, Merck Research Laboratories, Merck and Co., West Point, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Tsing-Bau Chen
- Imaging Department, Merck Research Laboratories, Merck and Co., West Point, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Michael Klimas
- Imaging Department, Merck Research Laboratories, Merck and Co., West Point, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Richard J. Hargreaves
- Imaging Department, Merck Research Laboratories, Merck and Co., West Point, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Cyrille Sur
- Imaging Department, Merck Research Laboratories, Merck and Co., West Point, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - David L. Williams
- Imaging Department, Merck Research Laboratories, Merck and Co., West Point, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Alvin C. Powers
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
- Veterans Affairs Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Bohumil Bednar
- Imaging Department, Merck Research Laboratories, Merck and Co., West Point, Pennsylvania, United States of America
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Hernández-Aguilera A, Rull A, Rodríguez-Gallego E, Riera-Borrull M, Luciano-Mateo F, Camps J, Menéndez JA, Joven J. Mitochondrial dysfunction: a basic mechanism in inflammation-related non-communicable diseases and therapeutic opportunities. Mediators Inflamm 2013; 2013:135698. [PMID: 23533299 PMCID: PMC3603328 DOI: 10.1155/2013/135698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2012] [Revised: 02/01/2013] [Accepted: 02/01/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is not necessarily a predisposing factor for disease. It is the handling of fat and/or excessive energy intake that encompasses the linkage of inflammation, oxidation, and metabolism to the deleterious effects associated with the continuous excess of food ingestion. The roles of cytokines and insulin resistance in excessive energy intake have been studied extensively. Tobacco use and obesity accompanied by an unhealthy diet and physical inactivity are the main factors that underlie noncommunicable diseases. The implication is that the management of energy or food intake, which is the main role of mitochondria, is involved in the most common diseases. In this study, we highlight the importance of mitochondrial dysfunction in the mutual relationships between causative conditions. Mitochondria are highly dynamic organelles that fuse and divide in response to environmental stimuli, developmental status, and energy requirements. These organelles act to supply the cell with ATP and to synthesise key molecules in the processes of inflammation, oxidation, and metabolism. Therefore, energy sensors and management effectors are determinants in the course and development of diseases. Regulating mitochondrial function may require a multifaceted approach that includes drugs and plant-derived phenolic compounds with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities that improve mitochondrial biogenesis and act to modulate the AMPK/mTOR pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Hernández-Aguilera
- Unitat de Recerca Biomèdica, Hospital Universitari Sant Joan, Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, carrer Sant Llorenç 21, 43201 Reus, Spain
| | - Anna Rull
- Unitat de Recerca Biomèdica, Hospital Universitari Sant Joan, Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, carrer Sant Llorenç 21, 43201 Reus, Spain
| | - Esther Rodríguez-Gallego
- Unitat de Recerca Biomèdica, Hospital Universitari Sant Joan, Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, carrer Sant Llorenç 21, 43201 Reus, Spain
| | - Marta Riera-Borrull
- Unitat de Recerca Biomèdica, Hospital Universitari Sant Joan, Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, carrer Sant Llorenç 21, 43201 Reus, Spain
| | - Fedra Luciano-Mateo
- Unitat de Recerca Biomèdica, Hospital Universitari Sant Joan, Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, carrer Sant Llorenç 21, 43201 Reus, Spain
| | - Jordi Camps
- Unitat de Recerca Biomèdica, Hospital Universitari Sant Joan, Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, carrer Sant Llorenç 21, 43201 Reus, Spain
| | - Javier A. Menéndez
- Catalan Institute of Oncology and Girona Biomedical Research Institute, Avda de Francia s/n, 1707 Girona, Spain
| | - Jorge Joven
- Unitat de Recerca Biomèdica, Hospital Universitari Sant Joan, Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, carrer Sant Llorenç 21, 43201 Reus, Spain
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Nyrén R, Chang CL, Lindström P, Barmina A, Vorrsjö E, Ali Y, Juntti-Berggren L, Bensadoun A, Young SG, Olivecrona T, Olivecrona G. Localization of lipoprotein lipase and GPIHBP1 in mouse pancreas: effects of diet and leptin deficiency. BMC PHYSIOLOGY 2012. [PMID: 23186339 PMCID: PMC3537605 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6793-12-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lipoprotein lipase (LPL) hydrolyzes triglycerides in plasma lipoproteins and enables uptake of lipolysis products for energy production or storage in tissues. Our aim was to study the localization of LPL and its endothelial anchoring protein glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored high density lipoprotein-binding protein 1 (GPIHBP1) in mouse pancreas, and effects of diet and leptin deficiency on their expression patterns. For this, immunofluorescence microscopy was used on pancreatic tissue from C57BL/6 mouse embryos (E18), adult mice on normal or high-fat diet, and adult ob/ob-mice treated or not with leptin. The distribution of LPL and GPIHBP1 was compared to insulin, glucagon and CD31. Heparin injections were used to discriminate between intracellular and extracellular LPL. RESULTS In the exocrine pancreas LPL was found in capillaries, and was mostly co-localized with GPIHBP1. LPL was releasable by heparin, indicating localization on cell surfaces. Within the islets, most of the LPL was associated with beta cells and could not be released by heparin, indicating that the enzyme remained mostly within cells. Staining for LPL was found also in the glucagon-producing alpha cells, both in embryos (E18) and in adult mice. Only small amounts of LPL were found together with GPIHBP1 within the capillaries of islets. Neither a high fat diet nor fasting/re-feeding markedly altered the distribution pattern of LPL or GPIHBP1 in mouse pancreas. Islets from ob/ob mice appeared completely deficient of LPL in the beta cells, while LPL-staining was normal in alpha cells and in the exocrine pancreas. Leptin treatment of ob/ob mice for 12 days reversed this pattern, so that most of the islets expressed LPL in beta cells. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that both LPL and GPIHBP1 are present in mouse pancreas, and that LPL expression in beta cells is dependent on leptin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rakel Nyrén
- Department of Medical Biosciences/Physiological Chemistry, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
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Al-Romaiyan A, King AJ, Persaud SJ, Jones PM. A novel extract of Gymnema sylvestre improves glucose tolerance in vivo and stimulates insulin secretion and synthesis in vitro. Phytother Res 2012; 27:1006-11. [PMID: 22911568 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.4815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2012] [Revised: 07/20/2012] [Accepted: 07/23/2012] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Herbal medicines, especially plant-derived extracts, have been used to treat Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) for many centuries, and offer the potential of cheap and readily available alternatives to conventional pharmaceuticals in developing countries. Extracts of Gymnema sylvestre (GS) have anti-diabetic activities and have been used as a folk medicine in India for centuries. We have investigated the effects of a novel high molecular weight GS extract termed OSA® on glucose tolerance in insulin-resistant ob/ob mice, and on insulin secretion and synthesis by isolated mouse islets. Single administration of OSA® (500 mg/kg) to ob/ob mice 30 min before an intraperitoneal glucose load improved their abnormal glucose tolerance. In vitro studies indicated that OSA® (0.25 mg/ml) initiated rapid and reversible increases in insulin secretion from isolated mouse islets at substimulatory (2 mM) and stimulatory (20 mM) glucose concentrations. In addition, prolonged treatment (24-48 h) of mouse islets with OSA® elevated the expression of preproinsulin mRNA and maintained the total insulin content of mouse islets in the presence of stimulated insulin secretion. These effects of OSA® are consistent with its potential use as a therapy for the hyperglycemia associated with obesity-related T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Al-Romaiyan
- Diabetes Research Group, Division of Diabetes and Nutritional Sciences, School of Medicine, King's College London, London SE1 1UL, UK.
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27
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Ma X, Lin Y, Lin L, Qin G, Pereira FA, Haymond MW, Butte NF, Sun Y. Ablation of ghrelin receptor in leptin-deficient ob/ob mice has paradoxical effects on glucose homeostasis when compared with ablation of ghrelin in ob/ob mice. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2012; 303:E422-31. [PMID: 22669248 PMCID: PMC3423126 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00576.2011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
The orexigenic hormone ghrelin is important in diabetes because it has an inhibitory effect on insulin secretion. Ghrelin ablation in leptin-deficient ob/ob (Ghrelin(-/-):ob/ob) mice increases insulin secretion and improves hyperglycemia. The physiologically relevant ghrelin receptor is the growth hormone secretagogue receptor (GHS-R), and GHS-R antagonists are thought to be an effective strategy for treating diabetes. However, since some of ghrelin's effects are independent of GHS-R, we have utilized genetic approaches to determine whether ghrelin's effect on insulin secretion is mediated through GHS-R and whether GHS-R antagonism indeed inhibits insulin secretion. We investigated the effects of GHS-R on glucose homeostasis in Ghsr-ablated ob/ob mice (Ghsr(-/-):ob/ob). Ghsr ablation did not rescue the hyperphagia, obesity, or insulin resistance of ob/ob mice. Surprisingly, Ghsr ablation worsened the hyperglycemia, decreased insulin, and impaired glucose tolerance. Consistently, Ghsr ablation in ob/ob mice upregulated negative β-cell regulators (such as UCP-2, SREBP-1c, ChREBP, and MIF-1) and downregulated positive β-cell regulators (such as HIF-1α, FGF-21, and PDX-1) in whole pancreas; this suggests that Ghsr ablation impairs pancreatic β-cell function in leptin deficiency. Of note, Ghsr ablation in ob/ob mice did not affect the islet size; the average islet size of Ghsr(-/-):ob/ob mice is similar to that of ob/ob mice. In summary, because Ghsr ablation in leptin deficiency impairs insulin secretion and worsens hyperglycemia, this suggests that GHS-R antagonists may actually aggravate diabetes under certain conditions. The paradoxical effects of ghrelin ablation and Ghsr ablation in ob/ob mice highlight the complexity of the ghrelin-signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojun Ma
- US Department of Agriculture/Agricultural Research Service Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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Nilsson C, Raun K, Yan FF, Larsen MO, Tang-Christensen M. Laboratory animals as surrogate models of human obesity. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2012; 33:173-81. [PMID: 22301857 PMCID: PMC4010334 DOI: 10.1038/aps.2011.203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 190] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2011] [Accepted: 12/21/2011] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity and obesity-related metabolic diseases represent a growing socioeconomic problem throughout the world. Great emphasis has been put on establishing treatments for this condition, including pharmacological intervention. However, there are many obstacles and pitfalls in the development process from pre-clinical research to the pharmacy counter, and there is no certainty that what has been observed pre-clinically will translate into an improvement in human health. Hence, it is important to test potential new drugs in a valid translational model early in their development. In the current mini-review, a number of monogenetic and polygenic models of obesity will be discussed in view of their translational character.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Nilsson
- Diabetes Research Unit, Novo Nordisk A/S, Beijing Novo Nordisk Pharmaceuticals Sci & Tech Co Ltd, Beijing 100020, China
| | - Kirsten Raun
- Diabetes Research Unit, Novo Nordisk A/S, Beijing Novo Nordisk Pharmaceuticals Sci & Tech Co Ltd, Beijing 100020, China
| | - Fei-fei Yan
- Diabetes Research China, Beijing Novo Nordisk Pharmaceuticals Sci & Tech Co Ltd, Beijing 100020, China
| | - Marianne O Larsen
- Diabetes Research China, Beijing Novo Nordisk Pharmaceuticals Sci & Tech Co Ltd, Beijing 100020, China
| | - Mads Tang-Christensen
- Diabetes Research Unit, Novo Nordisk A/S, Beijing Novo Nordisk Pharmaceuticals Sci & Tech Co Ltd, Beijing 100020, China
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Park MY, Jang HH, Kim JB, Yoon HN, Lee JY, Lee YM, Kim JH, Park DS. Hog millet (Panicum miliaceum L.)-supplemented diet ameliorates hyperlipidemia and hepatic lipid accumulation in C57BL/6J-ob/ob mice. Nutr Res Pract 2011; 5:511-9. [PMID: 22259675 PMCID: PMC3259293 DOI: 10.4162/nrp.2011.5.6.511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2011] [Revised: 11/28/2011] [Accepted: 12/01/2011] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Dietary intake of whole grains reduces the incidence of chronic diseases such as obesity, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and cancer. In an earlier study, we showed that Panicum miliaceum L. extract (PME) exhibited the highest anti-lipogenic activity in 3T3-L1 cells among extracts of nine different cereal grains tested. In this study, we hypothesized that PME in the diet would lead to weight loss and augmentation of hyperlipidemia by regulating fatty acid metabolism. PME was fed to ob/ob mice at 0%, 0.5%, or 1% (w/w) for 4 weeks. After the experimental period, body weight changes, blood serum and lipid profiles, hepatic fatty acid metabolism-related gene expression, and white adipose tissue (WAT) fatty acid composition were determined. We found that the 1% PME diet, but not the 0.5%, effectively decreased body weight, liver weight, and blood triglyceride and total cholesterol levels (P < 0.05) compared to obese ob/ob mice on a normal diet. Hepatic lipogenic-related gene (PPARα, L-FABP, FAS, and SCD1) expression decreased, whereas lipolysis-related gene (CPT1) expression increased in animals fed the 1% PME diet (P < 0.05). Long chain fatty acid content and the ratio of C18:1/C18:0 fatty acids decreased significantly in adipose tissue of animals fed the 1% PME diet (P < 0.05). Serum inflammatory mediators also decreased significantly in animals fed the 1% PME diet compared to those of the ob/ob control group (P < 0.05). These results suggest that PME is useful in the chemoprevention or treatment of obesity and obesity-related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi-Young Park
- Functional Food & Nutrition Division, National Academy of Agricultural Science, Rural Develpoment Administration, Seodun-dong, Gwonseon-gu, Suwon-si 88-2, Gyeonggi 441-707, Korea
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