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Lema YL, Prodjinotho UF, Makasi C, Nanyaro MWA, Kilale AM, Mfinanga S, Stelzle D, Schmidt V, Carabin H, Winkler AS, Lyamuya EF, Ngowi BJ, Chachage M, Prazeres da Costa C. Evaluating the modulation of peripheral immune profile in people living with HIV and (Neuro)cysticercosis. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2024; 18:e0012345. [PMID: 39093864 PMCID: PMC11324146 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0012345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Revised: 08/14/2024] [Accepted: 07/05/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The parasitic infection caused by Taenia solium represents a significant public health concern in developing countries. Larval invasion of body tissues leads to cysticercosis (CC), while central nervous system (CNS) involvement results in neurocysticercosis (NCC). Both conditions exhibit diverse clinical manifestations, and the potential impact of concomitant HIV infection especially prevalent in sub-Saharan Africa on peripheral and CNS immune responses remains poorly understood. This study aimed to identify the potential impact of HIV coinfection in CC and NCC patients. METHODOLOGY A nested study within a cross-sectional analysis in two Tanzanian regions was performed and 234 participants (110 HIV+ and 124 HIV-) were tested for cysticercosis antibodies, antigens, CD4 counts and serum Th1 and Th2 cytokines via multiplex bead-based immunoassay. 127 cysticercosis seropositive individuals underwent cranial computed tomography (CCT) and clinical symptoms were assessed. Multiple regression analyses were performed to identify factors associated with cytokine modulation due to HIV in CC and NCC patients. RESULTS Serologically, 18.8% tested positive for cysticercosis antibodies, with no significant difference HIV+ and HIV+. A significantly higher rate of cysticercosis antigen positivity was found in HIV+ individuals (43.6%) compared to HIV- (28.2%) (p = 0.016). CCT scans revealed that overall 10.3% had active brain cysts (NCC+). Our study found no significant changes in the overall cytokine profiles between HIV+ and HIV- participants coinfected CC and NCC, except for IL-5 which was elevated in HIV+ individuals with cysticercosis. Furthermore, HIV infection in general was associated with increased levels of pro-and some anti-inflammatory cytokines e.g. TNF-α, IL-8, and IFN-γ. However, based on the interaction analyses, no cytokine changes were observed due to HIV in CC or NCC patients. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, while HIV infection itself significantly modulates levels of key cytokines such as TNF-α, IL-8, and IFN-γ, it does not modulate any cytokine changes due to CC or NCC. This underscores the dominant influence of HIV on the immune system and highlights the importance of effective antiretroviral therapy in managing immune responses in individuals coinfected with HIV and CC/NCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yakobo Leonard Lema
- Muhimbili Medical Research Center, National Institute for Medical Research (NIMR), Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Ulrich Fabien Prodjinotho
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology, and Hygiene, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Munich, Germany
- Center for Global Health, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Charles Makasi
- Muhimbili Medical Research Center, National Institute for Medical Research (NIMR), Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
- Kilimanjaro Christian Medical University College, Moshi, Tanzania
| | - Mary-Winnie A. Nanyaro
- Muhimbili Medical Research Center, National Institute for Medical Research (NIMR), Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Andrew Martin Kilale
- Muhimbili Medical Research Center, National Institute for Medical Research (NIMR), Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Sayoki Mfinanga
- Muhimbili Medical Research Center, National Institute for Medical Research (NIMR), Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
- Kampala International University, Kampala, Tanzania
- School of Public Health, Muhimbili University of Health & Allied Sciences (MUHAS), Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Dominik Stelzle
- Center for Global Health, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine and Health, Technical University Munich (TUM), Munich, Germany
| | - Veronika Schmidt
- Center for Global Health, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine and Health, Technical University Munich (TUM), Munich, Germany
| | - Hélène Carabin
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Montreal, Saint-Hyacinthe, Quebec, Canada
- School of Public Health, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Research Group on Epidemiology of Zoonoses and Public Health (GREZOSP), Saint-Hyacinthe, Quebec, Canada
- Public Health Research Center of the University of Montreal and the CIUSSS of Center-Sud-de-l’île-de-Montréal (CReSP), Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Andrea Sylvia Winkler
- Center for Global Health, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine and Health, Technical University Munich (TUM), Munich, Germany
- Department of Community Medicine and Global Health, Institute of Health and Society, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Global Health and Social Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Eligius F. Lyamuya
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Muhimbili University of Health & Allied Sciences (MUHAS), Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Bernard J. Ngowi
- Muhimbili Medical Research Center, National Institute for Medical Research (NIMR), Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
- Mbeya College of Health & Allied Sciences, University of Dar Es Salaam, Mbeya Tanzania
| | - Mkunde Chachage
- Mbeya College of Health & Allied Sciences, University of Dar Es Salaam, Mbeya Tanzania
- Mbeya Medical Research Center, National Institute for Medical Research (NIMR), Mbeya, Tanzania
| | - Clarissa Prazeres da Costa
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology, and Hygiene, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Munich, Germany
- Center for Global Health, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), partner site Munich, Germany
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Popotas A, Casimir GJ, Corazza F, Lefèvre N. Sex-related immunity: could Toll-like receptors be the answer in acute inflammatory response? Front Immunol 2024; 15:1379754. [PMID: 38835761 PMCID: PMC11148260 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1379754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024] Open
Abstract
An increasing number of studies have highlighted the existence of a sex-specific immune response, wherein men experience a worse prognosis in cases of acute inflammatory diseases. Initially, this sex-dependent inflammatory response was attributed to the influence of sex hormones. However, a growing body of evidence has shifted the focus toward the influence of chromosomes rather than sex hormones in shaping these inflammatory sex disparities. Notably, certain pattern recognition receptors, such as Toll-like receptors (TLRs), and their associated immune pathways have been implicated in driving the sex-specific immune response. These receptors are encoded by genes located on the X chromosome. TLRs are pivotal components of the innate immune system, playing crucial roles in responding to infectious diseases, including bacterial and viral pathogens, as well as trauma-related conditions. Importantly, the TLR-mediated inflammatory responses, as indicated by the production of specific proteins and cytokines, exhibit discernible sex-dependent patterns. In this review, we delve into the subject of sex bias in TLR activation and explore its clinical implications relatively to both the X chromosome and the hormonal environment. The overarching objective is to enhance our understanding of the fundamental mechanisms underlying these sex differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandros Popotas
- Laboratory of Pediatrics, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
- Laboratory of Translational Research, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Georges Jacques Casimir
- Laboratory of Pediatrics, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
- Department of Pulmonology, Allergology and Cystic Fibrosis, Queen Fabiola Childrens University Hospital (Hôpital Universitaire des Enfants Reine Fabiola) – University Hospital of Brussels (Hôpital Universitaire de Bruxelles), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Francis Corazza
- Laboratory of Translational Research, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
- Laboratory of Immunology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Brugmann, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Nicolas Lefèvre
- Laboratory of Pediatrics, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
- Department of Pulmonology, Allergology and Cystic Fibrosis, Queen Fabiola Childrens University Hospital (Hôpital Universitaire des Enfants Reine Fabiola) – University Hospital of Brussels (Hôpital Universitaire de Bruxelles), Brussels, Belgium
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Abdullah SJ, Ali SA. Molecular Detection of a Pathogenic Entamoeba among Symptomatic Children in Eastern Kurdistan of Iraq. Pol J Microbiol 2024; 73:99-105. [PMID: 38437467 PMCID: PMC10911696 DOI: 10.33073/pjm-2024-010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Entamoeba histolytica infects the large intestine of humans, causing a spectrum of clinical appearances ranging from asymptomatic colonization to severe intestinal and extra-intestinal disease. The parasite is identical microscopically to commensal nonpathogenic amoeba. To detect the pathogenic Entamoeba and estimate the precise prevalence of the parasite among the symptomatic pediatric population using molecular techniques. 323 fecal samples were collected from symptomatic children admitted to Sulaimani Pediatric Teaching Hospital, Sulaimaniyah Province, Iraq, from June to October 2021. A structured, validated questionnaire was prepared and used to report participants' gender, residency, and drinking water source. Then, stool samples were microscopically examined, and the positive samples were submitted to molecular analysis by amplifying the 18s rRNA gene using nested PCR to differentiate E. histolytica from other nonpathogenic Entamoeba. Finally, gene sequences were done to confirm the species. Microscopically, 58 positive samples represented Entamoeba species infection rate of 18% among symptomatic patients. However, only 18 samples were positive for E. histolytica based on molecular methods, which accounts for 31% of the positive by microscopy and 5.6% among the 323 symptomatic populations. NCBI, available in their database, gives the gene sequence and accession number. Patients' sociodemographic data and water sources were directly related to the infection rate. Classical microscopic examination provides a misleading profile about the prevalence of E. histolytica in an endemic region that might lead to unnecessary treatments and a lack of appropriate management for patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sham Jamil Abdullah
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Sulaimani, Sulaimaniyah, Iraq
| | - Shahnaz Abdulkader Ali
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Sulaimani, Sulaimaniyah, Iraq
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Hara Y, Sumida Y, Yamazaki S, Takei D, Yamashita M, Fukuda A, Hisanaga M, Tanaka T, Wakata K, Miyazaki T, Araki M, Yano H, Nakamura A. Risk factors for infection of totally implantable central venous access ports among patients requiring port removal. J Vasc Access 2024:11297298231225808. [PMID: 38316617 DOI: 10.1177/11297298231225808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Totally implantable central venous access ports, are required for various purposes, ranging from chemotherapy to nutrition. Port infection is a common complication. In many patients with port infection, the ports are removed because antibiotics are ineffective. We evaluated the risk factors associated with port removal due to port infection. METHODS By retrospective chart review, we collected data of 223 patients who underwent port removal for any reason. Port infection was defined as infection symptoms, such as fever; elevated white blood cell counts or C-reactive protein levels; or redness at the port site, in the absence of other infections, which improved with port removal. The characteristics of patients with or without port infection were compared using univariate (chi-squared test, t-test) and multivariate logistic regression analyses. RESULTS We compared 172 patients without port infection to 51 patients with port infection. Univariate analysis identified sex (p = 0.01), body mass index (BMI) ⩽20 kg/m2 (p = 0.00004), diabetes mellitus (p = 0.04), and purpose of use (p = 0.0000003) as significant variables. However, male sex (p = 0.03, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.01-0.23), BMI ⩽20 kg m2 (p = 0.002, 95% CI: 0.06-0.29), and purpose of use (total parenteral nutrition (TPN); p = 0.000005, 95% CI: 0.31-0.76) remained significant using multivariate analysis. Moreover, the patients with short bowel syndrome and difficulty in oral intake tended to be infected easily. Additionally, Staphylococcus species were the most common microbes involved in port infection. CONCLUSIONS Male sex, BMI ⩽20 kg/m2, and purpose of use as a TPN were risk factors for port infection. Ports should not be used for long duration of TPN or used only in exceptional cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Hara
- Department of Surgery, Sasebo City General Hospital, Sasebo, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Yorihisa Sumida
- Department of Surgery, Sasebo City General Hospital, Sasebo, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Shoto Yamazaki
- Department of Surgery, Sasebo City General Hospital, Sasebo, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Daiki Takei
- Department of Surgery, Sasebo City General Hospital, Sasebo, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Manpei Yamashita
- Department of Surgery, Sasebo City General Hospital, Sasebo, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Akiko Fukuda
- Department of Surgery, Sasebo City General Hospital, Sasebo, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Makoto Hisanaga
- Department of Surgery, Sasebo City General Hospital, Sasebo, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Takayuki Tanaka
- Department of Surgery, Sasebo City General Hospital, Sasebo, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Koki Wakata
- Department of Surgery, Sasebo City General Hospital, Sasebo, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Takuro Miyazaki
- Department of Surgery, Sasebo City General Hospital, Sasebo, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Masato Araki
- Department of Surgery, Sasebo City General Hospital, Sasebo, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Yano
- Department of Surgery, Sasebo City General Hospital, Sasebo, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Akihiro Nakamura
- Department of Surgery, Sasebo City General Hospital, Sasebo, Nagasaki, Japan
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Albandar JM. Disparities and social determinants of periodontal diseases. Periodontol 2000 2024. [PMID: 38217495 DOI: 10.1111/prd.12547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2024]
Abstract
Periodontal diseases are highly prevalent in populations worldwide and are a major global public health problem, with major negative impacts on individuals and communities. This study investigates evidence of disparities in periodontal diseases by age groups, gender, and socioeconomic factors. There is ample evidence that these diseases disproportionally affect poorer and marginalized groups and are closely associated with certain demographics and socioeconomic status. Disparities in periodontal health are associated with social inequalities, which in turn are caused by old age, gender inequality, income and education gaps, access to health care, social class, and other factors. In health care, these factors may result in some individuals receiving better and more professional care compared to others. This study also reviews the potential causes of these disparities and the means to bridge the gap in disease prevalence. Identifying and implementing effective strategies to eliminate inequities among minorities and marginalized groups in oral health status and dental care should be prioritized in populations globally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasim M Albandar
- Department of Periodontology and Oral Implantology, Temple University School of Dentistry, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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Di Battista AP, Rhind SG, Shiu M, Hutchison MG. Whole blood stimulation provides preliminary evidence of altered immune function following SRC. BMC Immunol 2024; 25:6. [PMID: 38218771 PMCID: PMC10788016 DOI: 10.1186/s12865-023-00595-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To implement an approach combining whole blood immune stimulation and causal modelling to estimate the impact of sport-related concussion (SRC) on immune function. METHODS A prospective, observational cohort study was conducted on athletes participating across 13 university sports at a single academic institute; blood was drawn from 52 athletes, comprised of 22 athletes (n = 11 male, n = 11 female) within seven days of a physician-diagnosed SRC, and 30 healthy athletes (n = 18 female, n = 12 male) at the beginning of their competitive season. Blood samples were stimulated for 24 h under two conditions: (1) lipopolysaccharide (lps, 100ng/mL) or (2) resiquimod (R848, 1uM) using the TruCulture® system. The concentration of 45 cytokines and chemokines were quantitated in stimulated samples by immunoassay using the highly sensitive targeted Proximity Extension Assays (PEA) on the Olink® biomarker platform. A directed acyclic graph (DAG) was used as a heuristic model to make explicit scientific assumptions regarding the effect of SRC on immune function. A latent factor analysis was used to derive two latent cytokine variables representing immune function in response to LPS and R848 stimulation, respectively. The latent variables were then modelled using student-t regressions to estimate the total causal effect of SRC on immune function. RESULTS There was an effect of SRC on immune function in males following SRC, and it varied according to prior concussion history. In males with no history of concussion, those with an acute SRC had lower LPS reactivity compared to healthy athletes with 93% posterior probability (pprob), and lower R848 reactivity with 77% pprob. Conversely, in males with a history of SRC, those with an acute SRC had higher LPS reactivity compared to healthy athletes with 85% pprob and higher R848 reactivity with 82%. In females, irrespective of concussion history, SRC had no effect on LPS reactivity. However, in females with no concussion history, those with an acute SRC had higher R848 reactivity compared to healthy athletes with 86% pprob. CONCLUSION Whole blood stimulation can be used within a causal framework to estimate the effect of SRC on immune function. Preliminary evidence suggests that SRC affects LPS and R848 immunoreactivity, that the effect is stronger in male athletes, and differs based on concussion history. Replication of this study in a larger cohort with a more sophisticated causal model is necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex P Di Battista
- Defence Research and Development Canada, Toronto Research Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada.
- Faculty of Kinesiology and Physical Education, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
| | - Shawn G Rhind
- Defence Research and Development Canada, Toronto Research Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Faculty of Kinesiology and Physical Education, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Maria Shiu
- Defence Research and Development Canada, Toronto Research Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Michael G Hutchison
- Faculty of Kinesiology and Physical Education, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- David L. MacIntosh Sport Medicine Clinic, Faculty of Kinesiology & Physical Education, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Centre for Sport-Related Concussion Research, Innovation, and Knowledge, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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Li M, Wang W, Chen J, Zhan Z, Xu M, Liu N, Ren L, You L, Zheng W, Shi H, Zhao Z, Huang C, Chen X, Zheng N, Lu W, Zhou X, Zhou J, Liao Q, Yang J, Jit M, Salje H, Yu H. Transplacental transfer efficiency of maternal antibodies against influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 virus and dynamics of naturally acquired antibodies in Chinese children: a longitudinal, paired mother-neonate cohort study. THE LANCET. MICROBE 2023; 4:e893-e902. [PMID: 37827184 DOI: 10.1016/s2666-5247(23)00181-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2022] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The 2009 pandemic H1N1 influenza A virus (A(H1N1)pdm09 virus) evolves rapidly and has continued to cause severe infections in children since its emergence in 2009. We aimed to characterise the kinetics of maternally and naturally acquired antibodies against historical A(H1N1)pdm09 strains and to assess the extent to which the response to heterologous strains following infection or vaccination affects observed A(H1N1)pdm09 strain-specific antibody titres in a Chinese paediatric population. METHODS In this retrospective study, we used residual serum samples from 528 mother-neonate pairs from a non-interventional, longitudinal cohort study in southern China conducted from Sept 20, 2013, to Aug 24, 2018, from six local hospitals in Anhua County, Hunan Province, China. Mother-neonate pairs were eligible for inclusion if the neonates were born after Sept 20, 2013, and their mothers had resided in the study sites for at least 3 months. We tested samples with a haemagglutination inhibition (HAI) assay to measure antibody levels against three historical A(H1N1)pdm09 strains that were antigenically similar to the strains that circulated during the 2009 pandemic (A/Hunan-Kaifu/SWL4204/2009 [SWL4204/09 strain], A/Hunan-Daxiang/SWL1277/2016 [SWL1277/16 strain], and A/Hunan-Yanfeng/SWL185/2018 [SWL185/18 strain]). We also determined the seroprevalence, geometric mean titres (GMTs), transfer ratio of maternal antibodies, and the dynamics of maternally and naturally acquired antibodies in children, from birth to 3 years of age. FINDINGS 1066 mother-neonate pairs were enrolled in the original cohort between Sept 20, 2013, and Oct 14, 2015. Of these, 528 pairs (523 mothers, 528 neonates) were selected for the present study. The median age of the mothers was 25 years (IQR 23 to 29). 291 (55%) of 528 children were boys and 237 (45%) were girls, and most children (452 [86%]) were breastfed before the age of 6 months. The GMTs and the seroprevalence for the SWL4204/09 strain were higher than those for the SWL1277/16 and SWL185/18 strains among mothers (GMTs: 10·4 [95% CI 9·8 to 11·1] vs 9·3 [8·7 to 9·8] vs 8·0 [7·5 to 8·4], p<0·0001; seroprevalence: 11·1% [95% CI 8·5 to 14·1] vs 6·9% [4·9 to 9·4] vs 4·6% [3·0 to 6·8], p=0·0003) and among neonates (GMTs: 10·7 [10·0 to 11·5] vs 9·4 [8·8 to 10·0] vs 8·1 [7·6 to 8·6], p<0·0001; seroprevalence: 13·4% [10·7 to 16·7] vs 8·7% [6·5 to 11·5] vs 6·1% [4·2 to 8·5], p=0·0002). Regardless of the A(H1N1)pdm09-specific strain, maternal antibodies could be transferred efficiently via the placenta (mean transfer ratios: 1·10 for SWL4204/09 vs 1·09 for SWL1277/16 vs 1·06 for SWL185/18; p=0·93). The A(H1N1)pdm09 strain-specific antibodies waned below the protective threshold of 1:40 within 2 months after birth. After maternal antibody waning, there were periodic increases and decreases in HAI antibody titres against three A(H1N1)pdm09 strains, and such increases were all significantly associated with a higher immune response to heterologous strains. Vaccination against the SWL4204/09 strain was associated with a poor response to the SWL185/18 strain (β-0·20, 95% CI -0·28 to -0·13; p<0·0001). INTERPRETATION Our findings suggest low pre-existing immunity against influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 virus among unvaccinated Chinese adult female and paediatric populations. This evidence, together with the rapid decay of maternal antibodies and the observed cross-reactivity among different A(H1N1)pdm09 strains, highlights the importance of accelerating maternal and paediatric influenza vaccination in China. FUNDING The Key Program of the National Natural Science Foundation of China. TRANSLATION For the Chinese translation of the abstract see Supplementary Materials section.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Li
- School of Public Health, Fudan University, Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Wang
- School of Public Health, Fudan University, Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
| | - Junbo Chen
- Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhifei Zhan
- Hunan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Changsha, China
| | - Meng Xu
- School of Public Health, Fudan University, Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
| | - Nuolan Liu
- School of Public Health, Fudan University, Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
| | - Lingshuang Ren
- School of Public Health, Fudan University, Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
| | - Lei You
- Savaid Medical School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wen Zheng
- School of Public Health, Fudan University, Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
| | - Huilin Shi
- School of Public Health, Fudan University, Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
| | - Zeyao Zhao
- School of Public Health, Fudan University, Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
| | - Chaoyang Huang
- Hunan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Changsha, China
| | - Xinhua Chen
- School of Public Health, Fudan University, Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
| | - Nan Zheng
- School of Public Health, Fudan University, Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
| | - Wanying Lu
- School of Public Health, Fudan University, Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoyu Zhou
- School of Public Health, Fudan University, Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiaxin Zhou
- School of Public Health, Fudan University, Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiaohong Liao
- School of Public Health, Fudan University, Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
| | - Juan Yang
- School of Public Health, Fudan University, Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
| | - Mark Jit
- Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Henrik Salje
- Department of Genetics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Hongjie Yu
- School of Public Health, Fudan University, Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Department of Infectious Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
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Chrétien B, Brazo P, Da Silva A, Sassier M, Dolladille C, Lelong-Boulouard V, Alexandre J, Fedrizzi S. Infections associated with clozapine: a pharmacovigilance study using VigiBase ®. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1260915. [PMID: 37849735 PMCID: PMC10577313 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1260915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Clozapine is primarily reserved for treatment-resistant schizophrenia due to safety concerns associated with its use. Infections have been reported with clozapine, which may lead to elevated serum levels of the drug. However, the existing literature on this topic is limited. Therefore, we conducted a study using VigiBase® to investigate the potential over-reporting of infections associated with clozapine, to explore the presence of dose-dependency, and to investigate the underlying mechanism. Methods: Disproportionality analyses were performed using VigiBase to assess the association between clozapine and all types of infections, the association between clozapine-associated infections and neutropenia, the association between clozapine-associated infections and agranulocytosis, the dose-effect relationship between clozapine and infections, and the interaction between clozapine and the main strong CYP450 inhibitors using reports carried out until 11 April 2023. Results: A statistically significant signal of infections was observed with clozapine, as indicated by an information component of 0.43 [95% CI: (0.41-0.45)]. The most commonly reported infections were respiratory and gastrointestinal in nature. Neutropenia showed weaker association with clozapine-associated reports of infections compared to other clozapine-associated reports [X2 (1, N = 204,073) = 454; p < 0.005], while agranulocytosis demonstrated a stronger association with clozapine-associated reports of infections [X2 (1, N = 204,073) = 56; p < 0.005]. No evidence of dose-dependency was observed. Among the 17 tested CYP inhibitors, significant drug-drug interactions were found with clarithromycin, metronidazole, valproic acid, lansoprazole, omeprazole, amiodarone, and esomeprazole. Discussion: Our study revealed a significant safety signal between clozapine use and infections, predominantly respiratory and gastrointestinal infections. The co-administration of clozapine with valproic acid or proton pump inhibitors may potentially contribute to an increased risk of infection. Further vigilance is warranted in clinical practice, and consideration of therapeutic drug monitoring of clozapine in cases involving concomitant use of these drugs or in the presence of infections may be beneficial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Basile Chrétien
- Department of Pharmacology, Caen University Hospital, Caen, France
| | - Perrine Brazo
- Department of Psychiatry, Esquirol Center, Caen University Hospital, Caen, France
- Normandie Université, UNICAEN, EA7466, Imagerie et Stratégies Thérapeutiques de la Schizophrénie (ISTS), Caen, France
| | | | - Marion Sassier
- Department of Pharmacology, Caen University Hospital, Caen, France
| | - Charles Dolladille
- Department of Pharmacology, Caen University Hospital, Caen, France
- Normandy University, UNICAEN, Inserm U1086 Anticipe, Caen, France
| | - Véronique Lelong-Boulouard
- Department of Pharmacology, Caen University Hospital, Caen, France
- Normandy University, UNICAEN, UFR Santé, INSERM UMR 1075, COMETE-MOBILITES “Vieillissement, Pathologie, Santé”, Caen, France
| | - Joachim Alexandre
- Department of Pharmacology, Caen University Hospital, Caen, France
- Normandie Université, UNICAEN, EA7466, Imagerie et Stratégies Thérapeutiques de la Schizophrénie (ISTS), Caen, France
| | - Sophie Fedrizzi
- Department of Pharmacology, Caen University Hospital, Caen, France
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Maenosono R. Sex difference and immunosenescence affect transplantation outcomes. FRONTIERS IN TRANSPLANTATION 2023; 2:1235740. [PMID: 38993850 PMCID: PMC11235384 DOI: 10.3389/frtra.2023.1235740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2024]
Abstract
Kidney transplantation is a well-established alternative to renal replacement therapy. Although the number of patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) is increasing, the availability of kidney for transplantation is still insufficient to meet the needs. As age increases, the prevalence of ESRD increases; thus, the population of aged donors and recipients occupies large proportion. Accumulated senescent cells secrete pro-inflammatory factors and induce senescence. Additionally, it is gradually becoming clear that biological sex differences can influence aging and cause differences in senescence. Here, we review whether age-related sex differences affect organ transplant outcomes and what should be done in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryoichi Maenosono
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Takatsuki, Japan
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10
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Temu TM, Polyak SJ, Wanjalla CN, Mandela NA, Dabee S, Mogaka JN, Masyuko S, Longernecker C, Shakil S, Chohan B, Page ST, Lacourse SM, Gitura B, Crothers K, Oyugi J, Jaspan H, Farquhar C, Zifodya JS. Latent tuberculosis is associated with heightened levels of pro-and anti-inflammatory cytokines among Kenyan men and women living with HIV on long-term antiretroviral therapy. AIDS 2023; 37:1065-1075. [PMID: 36928263 PMCID: PMC10155699 DOI: 10.1097/qad.0000000000003523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Persons with HIV (PWH) on antiretroviral therapy (ART) have persistent immune activation associated with increased risk for non-AIDS related diseases. Latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI), endemic in Africa, may contribute to this immune dysregulation. We evaluated the impact of HIV and TB co-infection on plasma pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines among Kenyan adults. METHODS We compared data from 221 PWH on long-term ART and 177 HIV-negative adults examining biomarkers of pro-[sCD14, interleukin (IL)-2, IL-6, interferon gamma (IFN-γ), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), IL-12p70, IL-17A] and anti(IL-4, IL-5, IL-13) inflammatory cytokines, by HIV/LTBI status (HIV+LTBI+, HIV+LTBI-, HIV-LTBI+, HIV-LTBI-). LTBI was diagnosed based on a positive QuantiFERON TB Gold-Plus test in the absence of active TB symptoms. Linear regression was used to evaluate the associations of HIV, LTBI, and HIV/LTBI status with biomarkers adjusting for clinical factors including HIV-specific factors. RESULTS Half of the participants were women and 52% had LTBI. HIV was independently associated with higher sCD14, IL-15, IL-6, IL-4, IL-5. LTBI was independently associated with higher TNF-α, IL-12p70, IL-17A, IL-4, IL-13 in adjusted models ( P < 0.05). LTBI status was associated with higher IL-4 and IL-12p70 only among PWH, but not HIV-negative participants ( P < 0.05 for interactions). In multivariate analysis, only HIV+LTBI+ demonstrated elevated levels of TNF-α, IL-6, IL-12p70, IL-15, IL-17A, IL4, IL-5, IL-13 in comparison to the HIV-LTBI- ( P < 0.05 for all). The effect of LTBI on cytokines among PWH was independent of CD4 + T-cell count and ART duration. CONCLUSIONS Despite viral suppression, persons with HIV and LTBI exhibit abnormal cytokine production accompanied by high concentrations of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tecla M. Temu
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Stephen J. Polyak
- Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | | | | | - Smritee Dabee
- Center for Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Biomedical Research Institute
| | - Jerusha N. Mogaka
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | | | - Chris Longernecker
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington
| | - Saate Shakil
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington
| | - Bhavna Chohan
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | | | - Sylvia M. Lacourse
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington
| | | | | | - Julius Oyugi
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Heather Jaspan
- Center for Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Biomedical Research Institute
| | - Carey Farquhar
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington
- Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Healthcare System, Seattle, Washington
| | - Jerry S. Zifodya
- Department of Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Lousiana, USA
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11
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Schneidewind L, Kiss B, Zengerling F, Borkowetz A, Graf S, Kranz J, Dräger DL, Graser A, Bellut L, Uhlig A. Gender-specific outcomes in immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy for advanced or metastatic urothelial cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2023:10.1007/s00432-023-04788-x. [PMID: 37079051 PMCID: PMC10374671 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-023-04788-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/15/2023] [Indexed: 04/21/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To analyze gender-specific differences in survival parameters in advanced or metastatic urothelial cancer patients undergoing immune checkpoint inhibition. METHODS The primary aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to evaluate gender-specific differences in disease-free (DFS), progression-free (PFS), cancer-specific survival (CSS), event-free survival (EFS), overall survival (OS) and objective response rate (ORR). The sources MEDLINE, Embase and Cochrane Library were systematically searched from January 2010 to June 2022. No restrictions were made concerning language, study region or publication type. A comparison of gender-specific differences in survival parameters was performed using a random-effects meta-analysis. A risk of bias assessment was done using the ROBINS-I tool. RESULTS Five studies were included. In a random-effect meta-analysis of the studies, PCD4989g and IMvigor 211 with both using atezolizumab, females were more likely to have better objective response rate (ORR) than men (OR 2.24; 95% CI 1.20-4.16; p = 0.0110). In addition, females had a comparable median OS to men (MD 1.16; 95% CI - 3.15-5.46; p = 0.598). In summary, comparing all results, a tendency was seen toward better response rates and survival parameters in female patients. The risk of bias assessment yielded an overall low risk of bias. CONCLUSIONS There is a tendency toward better outcomes in women for immunotherapy in advanced or metastatic urothelial cancer, but only for the antibody atezolizumab women have a significantly better ORR. Unfortunately, many studies fail to report gender-specific outcomes. Therefore, further research is essential when aiming for individualized medicine. This research should address immunological confounders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laila Schneidewind
- Department of Urology, University Medical Center Rostock, Rostock, Germany.
- Department of Urology, University Hospital Rostock, Ernst-Heydemann-Str. 6, 18055, Rostock, Germany.
| | - Bernhard Kiss
- Department of Urology, University Hospital of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Sebastian Graf
- Department of Urology and Andrology, Kepler University Hospital Linz, Linz, Austria
| | - Jennifer Kranz
- Department of Urology and Pediatric Urology, University Medical Center RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
- Department of Urology and Kidney Transplantation, Martin Luther University, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Desiree L Dräger
- Department of Urology, University Medical Center Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Annabel Graser
- Department of Urology, Ludwig Maximilian University, Munich, Germany
| | - Laura Bellut
- Department of Urology and Pediatric Urology, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Annemarie Uhlig
- Department of Urology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
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12
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Suarez LM, Diaz-Del Cerro E, Felix J, Gonzalez-Sanchez M, Ceprian N, Guerra-Perez N, G Novelle M, Martinez de Toda I, De la Fuente M. Sex differences in neuroimmunoendocrine communication. Involvement on longevity. Mech Ageing Dev 2023; 211:111798. [PMID: 36907251 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2023.111798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2022] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/13/2023]
Abstract
Endocrine, nervous, and immune systems work coordinately to maintain the global homeostasis of the organism. They show sex differences in their functions that, in turn, contribute to sex differences beyond reproductive function. Females display a better control of the energetic metabolism and improved neuroprotection and have more antioxidant defenses and a better inflammatory status than males, which is associated with a more robust immune response than that of males. These differences are present from the early stages of life, being more relevant in adulthood and influencing the aging trajectory in each sex and may contribute to the different life lifespan between sexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luz M Suarez
- Department of Genetics, Physiology, and Microbiology (Unit of Animal Physiology), Faculty of Biology, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Estefania Diaz-Del Cerro
- Department of Genetics, Physiology, and Microbiology (Unit of Animal Physiology), Faculty of Biology, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain; Institute of Investigation Hospital 12 Octubre (imas12), Madrid, Spain
| | - Judith Felix
- Department of Genetics, Physiology, and Microbiology (Unit of Animal Physiology), Faculty of Biology, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain; Institute of Investigation Hospital 12 Octubre (imas12), Madrid, Spain
| | - Monica Gonzalez-Sanchez
- Department of Genetics, Physiology, and Microbiology (Unit of Animal Physiology), Faculty of Biology, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain; Institute of Investigation Hospital 12 Octubre (imas12), Madrid, Spain
| | - Noemi Ceprian
- Department of Genetics, Physiology, and Microbiology (Unit of Animal Physiology), Faculty of Biology, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain; Institute of Investigation Hospital 12 Octubre (imas12), Madrid, Spain
| | - Natalia Guerra-Perez
- Department of Genetics, Physiology, and Microbiology (Unit of Animal Physiology), Faculty of Biology, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain; Institute of Investigation Hospital 12 Octubre (imas12), Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta G Novelle
- Department of Genetics, Physiology, and Microbiology (Unit of Animal Physiology), Faculty of Biology, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain
| | - Irene Martinez de Toda
- Department of Genetics, Physiology, and Microbiology (Unit of Animal Physiology), Faculty of Biology, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain; Institute of Investigation Hospital 12 Octubre (imas12), Madrid, Spain
| | - Monica De la Fuente
- Department of Genetics, Physiology, and Microbiology (Unit of Animal Physiology), Faculty of Biology, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain; Institute of Investigation Hospital 12 Octubre (imas12), Madrid, Spain.
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13
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Collins MM, Race B, Messer RJ, Baune C, Kobayashi SD, Long D, Williams K, Hasenkrug AM, Hasenkrug K, Malachowa N. Practical Mouse Model to Investigate Therapeutics for Staphylococcusaureus Contaminated Surgical Mesh Implants. J Surg Res 2023; 283:428-437. [PMID: 36434839 PMCID: PMC9877163 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2022.10.093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 10/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The use of prosthetic mesh in hernia repair provides a powerful tool to increase repair longevity, decrease recurrence rates, and facilitate complex abdominal wall reconstruction. Overall infection rates with mesh are low, but for those affected there is high morbidity and economic cost. The availability of a practicable small animal model would be advantageous for the preclinical testing of prophylactics, therapeutics, and new biomaterials. To this end, we have developed a novel mouse model for implantation of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus-infected surgical mesh and provide results from antibiotic and immunotherapeutic testing. MATERIALS AND METHODS Implantation of surgical mesh between fascial planes of the mouse hind limb was used to approximate hernia repair in humans. Surgical mesh was inoculated with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus to test the efficacy of antibiotic therapy with daptomycin and/or immunotherapy to induce macrophage phagocytosis using antibody blockade of the CD47 "don't eat me" molecule. Clinical outcomes were assessed by daily ambulation scores of the animals and by enumeration of mesh-associated bacteria at predetermined end points. RESULTS A single prophylactic treatment with daptomycin at the time of surgery led to improved ambulation scores and undetectable levels of bacteria in seven of eight mice by 21 days postinfection. Anti-CD47, an activator of macrophage phagocytosis, was ineffective when administered alone or in combination with daptomycin treatment. Ten days of daily antibiotic therapy begun 3 days after infection was ineffective at clearing infection. CONCLUSIONS This fast and simple model allows rapid in vivo testing of novel antimicrobials and immunomodulators to treat surgical implant infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madison M Collins
- Laboratory of Persistent Viral Diseases, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, NIAID, NIH, Hamilton, Montana
| | - Brent Race
- Laboratory of Persistent Viral Diseases, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, NIAID, NIH, Hamilton, Montana
| | - Ronald J Messer
- Laboratory of Persistent Viral Diseases, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, NIAID, NIH, Hamilton, Montana
| | - Chase Baune
- Laboratory of Persistent Viral Diseases, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, NIAID, NIH, Hamilton, Montana
| | - Scott D Kobayashi
- Laboratory of Bacteriology, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, NIAID, NIH, Hamilton, Montana
| | - Dan Long
- Veterinary Pathology Section, Rocky Mountain Veterinary Branch, NIAID, NIH, Hamilton, Montana
| | - Katie Williams
- Laboratory of Persistent Viral Diseases, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, NIAID, NIH, Hamilton, Montana
| | | | - Kim Hasenkrug
- Laboratory of Persistent Viral Diseases, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, NIAID, NIH, Hamilton, Montana.
| | - Natalia Malachowa
- Laboratory of Bacteriology, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, NIAID, NIH, Hamilton, Montana.
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Risk Factors of Clonally Related, Multi, and Extensively Drug-Resistant Acinetobacter baumannii in Severely Ill COVID-19 Patients. THE CANADIAN JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES & MEDICAL MICROBIOLOGY = JOURNAL CANADIEN DES MALADIES INFECTIEUSES ET DE LA MICROBIOLOGIE MEDICALE 2023; 2023:3139270. [PMID: 36814503 PMCID: PMC9940951 DOI: 10.1155/2023/3139270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Revised: 10/30/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
Abstract
Background The secondary infection of multi and extensively drug-resistant "Acinetobacter baumannii" in severely ill COVID-19 individuals is usually associated with extended hospitalisation and a high mortality rate. The current study aimed to assess the exact incidence rate of A. baumannii coinfection in severely ill COVID-19 patients admitted to intensive care unit (ICUs), to identify the possible mechanism of A. baumannii transfer to COVID-19 patients and to find out their resistance rate against different antibiotics. Methods Fifty severely ill "COVID-19" individuals on respiratory support were selected with samples being collected from the pharynx. In addition, another 60 samples were collected from the surrounding environment. Bacterial isolates were diagnosed by microbiological cultures and confirmed by "Vitek 2 system" and real-time PCR. The "Vitek 2 Compact system" was used to evaluate these isolates for antimicrobial susceptibility. The recovered isolates' DNA fingerprints and genetic similarities were performed using ERIC-PCR. Results Twenty-six samples were tested positive for A. baumannii (20 out of 50 samples taken from patients, 40%; 6 out of 60 swabs from a nosocomial setting, 10%). All A. baumannii strains isolated from the nosocomial sites were clonally related (have the same genetic lineage) to some strains isolated from patients. However, the majority of the patients' strains were categorised as belonging to the same genetic lineage. Furthermore, "the multi and extensively drug" resistance patterns were seen in all isolates. In addition, total isolates showed resistance to the most commonly tested antibiotics, while none of them was found to be resistant to tigecycline. Conclusion Secondary "A. baumannii" infection in severely ill "COVID-19" patients is a serious matter, especially when it has one spot of transmission in the ICU as well as when it is extensively drug-resistant, necessitating an immediate and tactical response to secure the issue.
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15
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Microbiology and Clinical Outcome of Hospital-Acquired Respiratory Infections in an Italian Teaching Hospital: A Retrospective Study. Healthcare (Basel) 2022; 10:healthcare10112271. [PMID: 36421594 PMCID: PMC9691183 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare10112271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Revised: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The burden, microbial etiology and clinical impact of hospital-acquired respiratory infections (HARIs) were determined at an Italian teaching hospital over a 12-month period. For this purpose, overall ordinary hospitalizations ≥ 2 days of subjects over 18 years old with discharge from 1 January 2018 to 31 December 2018 were examined by cross-referencing demographic and clinical data from hospital discharge forms with microbiological data from the computer system of the Microbiology Unit. We identified 329 individuals with HARIs (96 females and 233 males; median age 70 years, range 18−93), who represented ¼ of the total hospital-acquired infections (HAIs) in the period. The inpatient setting was medical and surgical in similar proportions (169 vs. 160, respectively) and the mean hospital stay was 38.9 ± 33.6 days. One hundred and forty patients (42.6% of the total sample) were suffering from one or more chronic diseases. A total of 581 microorganisms (82 antibiotic-resistant and 499 non-resistant) were detected in HARI patients. The most common isolated species were Staphylococcus aureus (16.7%), Klebsiella pneumoniae (13.3%), Pseudomonas spp. (12.6%) and Acinetobacter baumannii (10.5%), followed by Enterobacter spp. (5.3%), Escherichia coli (5.2%) and Enterococcus spp. (4.8%). One hundred and sixty-seven individuals (49.0% of the total) had polymicrobial infections. One hundred thirty-one patients (39.8% of the total) underwent endotracheal intubation and mechanical ventilation and 62.6% of them died, compared to 17.7% of the non-intubated patients. Multivariable analysis confirmed a positive correlation between death and increased age (p = 0.05), surgical MDC (p = 0.007), number of microorganisms over the sample mean (p = 0.001), the presence of chronic diseases (p = 0.046), and intubation and mechanical ventilation (p < 0.0001). A positive correlation between intubation and antibiotic-resistant organisms (p = 0.003) was also found. HARIs are still a major public health problem and require constant surveillance due to their severe clinical outcome.
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16
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DeJesus JE, Wen JJ, Radhakrishnan R. Cytokine Pathways in Cardiac Dysfunction following Burn Injury and Changes in Genome Expression. J Pers Med 2022; 12:jpm12111876. [PMID: 36579591 PMCID: PMC9696755 DOI: 10.3390/jpm12111876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Revised: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In 2016, an estimated 486,000 individuals sustained burn injuries requiring medical attention. Severe burn injuries lead to a persistent, hyperinflammatory response that may last up to 2 years. The persistent release of inflammatory mediators contributes to end-organ dysfunction and changes in genome expression. Burn-induced cardiac dysfunction may lead to heart failure and changes in cardiac remodeling. Cytokines promote the inflammatory cascade and promulgate mechanisms resulting in cardiac dysfunction. Here, we review the mechanisms by which TNFα, IL-1 beta, IL-6, and IL-10 cause cardiac dysfunction in post-burn injuries. We additionally review changes in the cytokine transcriptome caused by inflammation and burn injuries.
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17
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Eriksson HK, Lazarinis S. Patient-related factors associated with superficial surgical site infection and progression to a periprosthetic joint infection after elective primary total joint arthroplasty: a single-centre, retrospective study in Sweden. BMJ Open 2022; 12:e060754. [PMID: 36123083 PMCID: PMC9486361 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2022-060754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Superficial surgical site infection (SSSI) may increase the risk of serious complications such as periprosthetic joint infection (PJI). This study aims to identify patient-related risk factors associated with SSSI and investigate their correlation with the progression of PJI. DESIGN In this retrospective study, 1191 elective hip and knee prostheses were included. Patients were interviewed 3-5 months after surgery to answer questions about the postoperative period. Patient records were reviewed to determine whether there had been any documentation of wound-healing difficulties or whether antibiotics were prescribed to treat an infection related to arthroplasty surgery. SETTING Uppsala University Hospital, patients treated between November 2008 and December 2012. PARTICIPANTS The study population comprised 433 knees and 758 hips. OUTCOME MEASURES We studied patient-related risk factors (joint, age, sex, the American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) classification, body mass index (BMI), smoking, diabetes and rheumatic disease) to determine whether they were associated with (1) SSSI and (2) the progress from SSSI to PJI. RESULTS 84 (7%) patients of the total cohort developed SSSI. This infection progressed to a PJI in 24 (29%) of the patients. Factors with increased adjusted risk ratios (aRRs) for SSSIs were knee surgery (1.7; 95% CI: 1.1 to 2.7), age≥65 years (1.7; 95% CI: 1.1 to 2.8), BMI≥30 (1.9; 95% CI: 1.0 to 3.4) and ASA classification≥3 (1.7; 95% CI: 1.0 to 2.9). ASA classification≥3 was the only factor showing a significant progression from SSSI to PJI (aRR=3.3; 95% CI: 1.0 to 10.3). CONCLUSIONS The risk of progressing from an SSSI to a PJI is high. Older patients, patients with obesity, and those with a high ASA classification considered for elective total knee arthroplasty seem to have an increased risk of developing SSSI. Patients with a high ASA classification seem to have an increased risk of progressing from SSSI to PJI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah K Eriksson
- Department of Surgical Sciences/Orthopaedics, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Stergios Lazarinis
- Department of Surgical Sciences/Orthopaedics, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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18
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Single-cell RNA-seq of primary bone marrow neutrophils from female and male adult mice. Sci Data 2022; 9:442. [PMID: 35871169 PMCID: PMC9308797 DOI: 10.1038/s41597-022-01544-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Widespread sex-dimorphism is observed in the mammalian immune system. Consistently, studies have reported sex differences in the transcriptome of immune cells at the bulk level, including neutrophils. Neutrophils are the most abundant cell type in human blood, and they are key components of the innate immune system as they form a first line of defense against pathogens. Neutrophils are produced in the bone marrow, and differentiation and maturation produce distinct neutrophil subpopulations. Thus, single-cell resolution studies are crucial to decipher the biological significance of neutrophil heterogeneity. However, since neutrophils are very RNA-poor, single-cell profiling of these cells has been technically challenging. Here, we generated a single-cell RNA-seq dataset of primary neutrophils from adult female and male mouse bone marrow. After stringent quality control, we found that previously characterized neutrophil subpopulations can be detected in both sexes. Additionally, we confirmed that canonical sex-linked markers are differentially expressed between female and male cells across neutrophil subpopulations. This dataset provides a groundwork for comparative studies on the lifelong transcriptional sexual dimorphism of neutrophils.
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19
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Shi W, Jiang Y, Wang Y, Zhang C, Yu T, Li T. The Diagnostic Value of Various Inflammatory Biomarkers for Diagnosing Periprosthetic Joint Infection is Gender-Specific. J Inflamm Res 2022; 15:3975-3982. [PMID: 35860231 PMCID: PMC9291658 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s364309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Previous studies have suggested that the diagnostic biomarkers of periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) are largely influenced by gender. In the present study, we aimed to evaluate the diagnostic value of traditional inflammatory biomarkers, fibrinolytic biomarkers (fibrinogen and D-dimer), and C-reactive protein (CRP)/albumin for PJI in different genders. Methods A single-center retrospective analysis was performed on revision total hip or knee arthroplasty between June 2013 to June 2021, and the study included 80 patients in the PJI group and 136 patients in the non-PJI group. PJI was diagnosed based on the International Consensus Meeting (ICM) in 2018. The levels of CRP, fibrinogen, erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), D-dimer, and albumin count were determined. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves and Youden's index were used to evaluate the diagnostic ability of various biomarkers. Results The levels of CRP, fibrinogen, D-dimer, ESR, and CRP/albumin were significantly higher in the PJI group (P < 0.001). In PJI of females, the predictive value of CRP was the highest among the five biomarkers, with the area under the curve (AUC) of 0.98. The optimal predictive cut-off for CRP was 8.86 mg/L, with a sensitivity and specificity of 90.2% and 95.7%, respectively. When combined with the other four biomarkers, the AUC of CRP was 0.98, 0.99, 0.98, and 0.99, respectively. In PJI of males, the predictive value of ESR was the highest among the five biomarkers, with an AUC of 0.92. The optimal predictive cut-off for ESR was 14.50 mm/h, with a sensitivity and specificity of 84.6% and 86.6%, respectively. When combined with the other four biomarkers, the AUC of ESR was 0.95, 0.94, 0.93, and 0.97, respectively. Conclusion CRP and ESR were excellent biomarkers for diagnosing PJI in female and male patients, respectively, and their combined use with CPR/albumin could provide higher diagnostic value in different genders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weipeng Shi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, People's Republic of China.,Medical Department of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Yaping Jiang
- Department of Oral Implantology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, People's Republic of China
| | - Yingzhen Wang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, People's Republic of China
| | - Cailong Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, People's Republic of China
| | - Tengbo Yu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Li
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, People's Republic of China
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20
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Schafer JM, Xiao T, Kwon H, Collier K, Chang Y, Abdel-Hafiz H, Bolyard C, Chung D, Yang Y, Sundi D, Ma Q, Theodorescu D, Li X, Li Z. Sex-biased adaptive immune regulation in cancer development and therapy. iScience 2022; 25:104717. [PMID: 35880048 PMCID: PMC9307950 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.104717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The cancer research field is finally starting to unravel the mystery behind why males have a higher incidence and mortality rate than females for nearly all cancer types of the non-reproductive systems. Here, we explain how sex - specifically sex chromosomes and sex hormones - drives differential adaptive immunity across immune-related disease states including cancer, and why males are consequently more predisposed to tumor development. We highlight emerging data on the roles of cell-intrinsic androgen receptors in driving CD8+ T cell dysfunction or exhaustion in the tumor microenvironment and summarize ongoing clinical efforts to determine the impact of androgen blockade on cancer immunotherapy. Finally, we outline a framework for future research in cancer biology and immuno-oncology, underscoring the importance of a holistic research approach to understanding the mechanisms of sex dimorphisms in cancer, so sex will be considered as an imperative factor for guiding treatment decisions in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna M. Schafer
- Pelotonia Institute for Immuno-Oncology, the Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center – the James, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Tong Xiao
- Pelotonia Institute for Immuno-Oncology, the Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center – the James, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Hyunwoo Kwon
- Pelotonia Institute for Immuno-Oncology, the Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center – the James, Columbus, OH 43210, USA,Medical Scientist Training Program, College of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Katharine Collier
- Division of Medical Oncology, the Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center – the James, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Yuzhou Chang
- Pelotonia Institute for Immuno-Oncology, the Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center – the James, Columbus, OH 43210, USA,Department of Biomedical Informatics, the Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Hany Abdel-Hafiz
- Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA,Department of Medicine and Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Chelsea Bolyard
- Pelotonia Institute for Immuno-Oncology, the Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center – the James, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Dongjun Chung
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, the Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Yuanquan Yang
- Division of Medical Oncology, the Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center – the James, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Debasish Sundi
- Department of Urology, the Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Qin Ma
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, the Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Dan Theodorescu
- Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA,Department of Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Xue Li
- Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA,Department of Medicine and Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Zihai Li
- Pelotonia Institute for Immuno-Oncology, the Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center – the James, Columbus, OH 43210, USA,Corresponding author
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21
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Impact of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus on the Incidence and Outcomes of COVID-19 Needing Hospital Admission According to Sex: Retrospective Cohort Study Using Hospital Discharge Data in Spain, Year 2020. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11092654. [PMID: 35566794 PMCID: PMC9104185 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11092654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Revised: 05/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: To analyze incidence and in-hospital mortality (IHM) of COVID-19 needing hospital admission in Spain (2020) in patients with T2DM. (2) Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study. Using the Spanish Register of Specialized Care-Basic Minimum Database we estimated age-adjusted incidence rates (IR). (3) Results: We included 203,488 patients (56.77% men), of whom 45,620 (22.41%) had T2DM. Age-adjusted IRs/1000 for men with and without T2DM was 12.90 and 5.87, respectively (IRR 2.20; 95% CI 2.18−2.22; p < 0.001), and for women with and without T2DM was 9.23 and 4.27, respectively (IRR 2.16; 95% CI 2.13−2.19; p < 0.001). Crude IHM was 23.86% in people with T2DM, and 15.94% in non-T2DM people (p < 0.001). After matching, intensive-care admission (7.37% vs. 6.15%; p < 0.001) and IHM (23.37% vs. 20.41%; p < 0.001) remained higher in women with T2DM. After matching, IHM among T2DM men was 1.5% higher than among non-T2DM men (24.27% vs. 22.72%; p < 0.001). Men with T2DM had a 34% higher IHM than women with T2DM. Prevalent T2DM increased IHM among women (1.09; 95% 1.03−1.16) and men (1.05; 95% 1.01−1.10). (4) Conclusions: Incidence rates of COVID-19 needing hospital admission were higher in men vs. women, and for people with T2DM vs. non-T2DM. Men had higher IHM beside T2DM status. Prevalent T2DM was associated with higher IHM for both sexes.
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22
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Egger M, Hoenigl M, Thompson GR, Carvalho A, Jenks JD. Let's talk about Sex Characteristics - as a Risk Factor for Invasive Fungal Diseases. Mycoses 2022; 65:599-612. [PMID: 35484713 DOI: 10.1111/myc.13449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Revised: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Biological sex, which comprises differences in host sex hormone homeostasis and immune responses, can have a substantial impact on the epidemiology of infectious diseases. Comprehensive data on sex distributions in invasive fungal diseases (IFDs) is lacking. In this review we performed a literature search of in vitro/animal studies, clinical studies, systematic reviews, and meta-analyses of invasive fungal infections. Females represented 51.2% of invasive candidiasis cases, mostly matching the proportions of females among the general population in the United States and Europe (>51%). In contrast, other IFDs were overrepresented in males, including invasive aspergillosis (51% males), mucormycosis (60%), cryptococcosis (74%), coccidioidomycosis (70%), histoplasmosis (61%), and blastomycosis (66%). Behavioral variations, as well as differences related to biological sex, may only in part explain these findings. Further investigations concerning the association between biological sex/gender and the pathogenesis of IFDs is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Egger
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Medical University of Graz, Austria
| | - Martin Hoenigl
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Medical University of Graz, Austria.,Division of Infectious Diseases and Global Public Health, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.,Clinical and Translational Fungal - Working Group, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - George R Thompson
- University of California Davis Center for Valley Fever, California, USA.,Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of California Davis Medical Center, California, USA.,Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of California Davis, California, USA
| | - Agostinho Carvalho
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's -, PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
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23
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Fragiadakis GK, Bjornson-Hooper ZB, Madhireddy D, Sachs K, Chen H, McIlwain DR, Spitzer MH, Bendall SC, Nolan GP. Variation of Immune Cell Responses in Humans Reveals Sex-Specific Coordinated Signaling Across Cell Types. Front Immunol 2022; 13:867016. [PMID: 35419006 PMCID: PMC8995898 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.867016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Assessing the health and competence of the immune system is central to evaluating vaccination responses, autoimmune conditions, cancer prognosis, and treatment. With an increasing number of studies examining immune dysregulation, there is a growing need for a curated reference of variation in immune parameters in healthy individuals. We used mass cytometry (CyTOF) to profile blood from 86 humans in response to 15 ex vivo immune stimuli. We present reference ranges for cell-specific immune markers and highlight differences that appear across sex and age. We identified modules of immune features that suggest there exists an underlying structure to the immune system based on signaling pathway responses across cell types. We observed increased MAPK signaling in inflammatory pathways in innate immune cells and greater overall coordination of immune cell responses in females. In contrast, males exhibited stronger pSTAT1 and pTBK1 responses. These reference data are publicly available as a resource for immune profiling studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela K. Fragiadakis
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
- CoLabs, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
- Bakar ImmunoX Initiative, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | | | - Deepthi Madhireddy
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Karen Sachs
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Han Chen
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - David R. McIlwain
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Matthew H. Spitzer
- Immunology Program, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
- Department of Otolaryngology – Head and Neck Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
- Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, San Francisco, CA, United States
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Sean C. Bendall
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Garry P. Nolan
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
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24
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A comparative proteomic analysis to define the influencing factors on gingival crevicular fluid using LC-MS/MS. J Proteomics 2022; 252:104421. [PMID: 34801745 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2021.104421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Revised: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) is a promising biofluid for disease identification and biomarker searching in periodontology. This study aimed to investigate the possible influencing factors, including tooth site, sex and age, on the normal GCF proteome. Forty periodontal healthy adults were randomly divided into a training group and a testing group. In the training group, GCF samples from 12 adults were analyzed using the iTRAQ 2D LC-MS/MS method. The influencing factors, tooth site (including periodontitis-susceptible and -insusceptible tooth sites), sex and age, and related differential proteins were defined and functionally annotated. The important differential proteins from 28 adults in the testing group were then validated by PRM analysis. An average of approximately 5 differential proteins were found between tooth sites of periodontitis-susceptible and -insusceptible sites. Eighty-five differentially expressed proteins were obtained between sexes in the young group, while only 7 sex-associated proteins were found in the old group. A total of 203 and 235 age-associated proteins were found in the male and female groups, respectively. The differential protein functional annotation showed that sex-related proteins were mainly related to immune function and metabolism, and age-related proteins were primarily associated with inflammation, lipid metabolism and immune function. In the testing group, a total of 4 sex-related proteins and 12 age-related proteins were validated by PRM analysis. SIGNIFICANCE: The influences of tooth site, sex and age in GCF proteomics in periodontal health were firstly analyzed using LC-MS/MS. Tooth site showed a small influence on the GCF proteome. The sex effect was significant in young adults, but its influence in old adults is small. Age is an important impact factor for the GCF proteome. These findings enrich the knowledge about the normal GCF proteome and might benefit future disease analyses.
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25
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Huang G, Guo F. Loss of life expectancy due to respiratory infectious diseases: findings from the global burden of disease study in 195 countries and territories 1990–2017. JOURNAL OF POPULATION RESEARCH 2022; 39:1-43. [PMID: 35153621 PMCID: PMC8821806 DOI: 10.1007/s12546-021-09271-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Understanding of the patterns of and changes in mortality from respiratory infectious diseases (RID) and its contribution to loss of life expectancy (LE) is inadequate in the existing literature. With rapid sociodemographic changes globally, and the current COVID-19 pandemic, it is timely to revisit the disease burden of RID. Using the approaches of life table and cause-eliminated life table based on data from the Global Burden of Disease Study (GBD), the study analyses loss of LE due to RID in 195 countries/territories and its changes during the period 1990–2017. Results indicate that loss of LE due to RID stood at 1.29 years globally in 2017 globally and varied widely by age, gender, and geographic location, with men, elderly people, and populations in middle/low income countries/territories suffering a disproportionately high loss of LE due to RID. Additionally, loss of LE due to RID decreased remarkably by 0.97 years globally during the period 1990–2017 but increased slightly among populations older than 70 years and in many high income countries/territories. Results suggest that RID still pose a severe threat for population and public health, and that amid dramatic sociodemographic changes globally, the disease burden of RID may resurge. The study presents the first examination of the life-shortening effect of RID at the global and country/territory levels, providing new understanding of the changing disease burden of RID and shedding light on the potential consequences of the current COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guogui Huang
- Centre for Workforce Futures, Macquarie Business School, Macquarie University, North Ryde, NSW 2109 Australia
- Centre for Health Systems and Safety Research, Australia Institute of Health and Innovation, Macquarie University, North Ryde, NSW 2109 Australia
| | - Fei Guo
- Department of Management, Macquarie Business School, Macquarie University, North Ryde, NSW 2109 Australia
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26
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He W, Liu X, Hu B, Li D, Chen L, Li Y, Zhu K, Tu Y, Xiong S, Wang G, Fu B. Gender and Ethnic Disparities of Acute Kidney Injury in COVID-19 Infected Patients: A Literature Review. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 11:778636. [PMID: 35145920 PMCID: PMC8823179 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.778636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19) has become a public health emergency of concern worldwide. COVID-19 is a new infectious disease arising from Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). It has a strong transmission capacity and can cause severe and even fatal respiratory diseases. It can also affect other organs such as the heart, kidneys and digestive tract. Clinical evidence indicates that kidney injury is a common complication of COVID-19, and acute kidney injury (AKI) may even occur in severely ill patients. Data from China and the United States showed that male sex, Black race, the elderly, chronic kidney disease, diabetes, hypertension, cardiovascular disease, and higher body mass index are associated with COVID-19‐induced AKI. In this review, we found gender and ethnic differences in the occurrence and development of AKI in patients with COVID-19 through literature search and analysis. By summarizing the mechanism of gender and ethnic differences in AKI among patients with COVID-19, we found that male and Black race have more progress to COVID-19-induced AKI than their counterparts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weihang He
- Reproductive Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Xiaoqiang Liu
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
- Jiangxi Institute of Urology, Nanchang, China
| | - Bing Hu
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Dongshui Li
- Reproductive Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Luyao Chen
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Yu Li
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Ke Zhu
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
- Jiangxi Institute of Urology, Nanchang, China
| | - Yechao Tu
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Situ Xiong
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Gongxian Wang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
- Jiangxi Institute of Urology, Nanchang, China
| | - Bin Fu
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
- Jiangxi Institute of Urology, Nanchang, China
- *Correspondence: Bin Fu,
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27
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Epidemiology of Respiratory Pathogens in Children with Severe Acute Respiratory Infection and Impact of the Multiplex PCR Film Array Respiratory Panel: A 2-Year Study. Int J Microbiol 2022; 2021:2276261. [PMID: 35003265 PMCID: PMC8741400 DOI: 10.1155/2021/2276261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Sever acute respiratory infections (SARIs) are a public health issue that are common in children and are associated with an important morbidity and mortality rate worldwide. Although SARI are mainly caused by viruses, they are still a cause of antibiotic overuse. The use of molecular methods especially real-time multiplex PCR allowed to detect a wide range of respiratory viruses and their subtype as well as some atypical bacteria. The aim of this study was to investigate the epidemiology of respiratory pathogens detected in children admitted with SARI and to highlight the role of real-time multiplex PCR in the rapid diagnosis of viral and bacterial SARI. This work is a descriptive observational study from January 2018 to December 2019 including nasopharyngeal secretions collected from 534 children hospitalised in paediatric department. The detection of respiratory viruses and bacteria was performed by the FilmArray® Respiratory Panel. A total of 387 (72.5%) children were tested positive for at least one respiratory pathogen, and 23.3% of them were coinfected with more than one pathogen. Viral aetiology was found in 91.2% (n = 340). The most common viruses detected were HRV (n = 201) and RSV (n = 124), followed by PIV (n = 35) influenza A (n = 29) and human metapneumovirus (n = 27). Bacteria was found in 8.8% (n = 47), and Bordetella pertussis was the most detected. Respiratory syncytial virus and Bordetella pertussis were significantly higher in infants less than 6 months old. The detection of RSV and influenza A presented a pic in winter, and HMPV was statistically significant in spring (p < 0.01). This study described the epidemiology of respiratory pathogens involved in severe respiratory infections in children that were affected by several factors such as season and age group. It also highlighted the importance of multiplex PCR in confirming viral origin, thus avoiding irrational prescription of antibiotics in paediatric settings.
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28
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Kumwenda P, Cottier F, Hendry AC, Kneafsey D, Keevan B, Gallagher H, Tsai HJ, Hall RA. Estrogen promotes innate immune evasion of Candida albicans through inactivation of the alternative complement system. Cell Rep 2022; 38:110183. [PMID: 34986357 PMCID: PMC8755443 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.110183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Revised: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Candida albicans is a commensal of the urogenital tract and the predominant cause of vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC). Factors that increase circulatory estrogen levels such as pregnancy, the use of oral contraceptives, and hormone replacement therapy predispose women to VVC, but the reasons for this are largely unknown. Here, we investigate how adaptation of C. albicans to estrogen impacts the fungal host-pathogen interaction. Estrogen promotes fungal virulence by enabling C. albicans to avoid the actions of the innate immune system. Estrogen-induced innate immune evasion is mediated via inhibition of opsonophagocytosis through enhanced acquisition of the human complement regulatory protein, Factor H, on the fungal cell surface. Estrogen-induced accumulation of Factor H is dependent on the fungal cell surface protein Gpd2. The discovery of this hormone-sensing pathway might pave the way in explaining gender biases associated with fungal infections and may provide an alternative approach to improving women's health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pizga Kumwenda
- Institute of Microbiology and Infection, School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Fabien Cottier
- Institute of Microbiology and Infection, School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Alexandra C Hendry
- Kent Fungal Group, Division of Natural Sciences, School of Biosciences, University of Kent, Canterbury CT2 7NJ, UK
| | - Davey Kneafsey
- Kent Fungal Group, Division of Natural Sciences, School of Biosciences, University of Kent, Canterbury CT2 7NJ, UK
| | - Ben Keevan
- Institute of Microbiology and Infection, School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Hannah Gallagher
- Institute of Microbiology and Infection, School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Hung-Ji Tsai
- Institute of Microbiology and Infection, School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Rebecca A Hall
- Institute of Microbiology and Infection, School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK; Kent Fungal Group, Division of Natural Sciences, School of Biosciences, University of Kent, Canterbury CT2 7NJ, UK.
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29
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Deng X, Chen Z, Zou Y, He Y, Chen S, Wang Q, Xing D, Zhang Y. The effect of daily mean temperature on hand, foot and mouth disease and the source of regional heterogeneity in Chongqing, China, 2010-2019. Environ Health Prev Med 2022; 27:47. [PMID: 36517013 PMCID: PMC9792571 DOI: 10.1265/ehpm.22-00133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD) is a serious infectious disease which has become a public health problem. A multi-regional study was conducted in this study to explore the relationship between temperature and HFMD in different regions and the source of heterogeneity, and further detect the effect modifiers such as socio-economic factors, medical and health factors and meteorological factors. METHODS The data on daily reported HFMD cases and meteorological data from 2010 to 2019 in Chongqing were collected. Thirty-eight districts and counties of Chongqing were divided into 6 regions. The distributed lag nonlinear model (DLNM) was applied to assess the effect of daily mean temperature on HFMD at region level with the pooled effect estimates from multivariate meta-regression model analysis. Stratified analyses by gender, age and children's type were also conducted. Potential modifiers were considered in meta regression to explore the source of heterogeneity. RESULTS There were nonlinear relationships with an inverted V-shape between temperature and HFMD. A maximum cumulative relative risk (CRR) of 1.22 (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.12-1.34) peaked at 23.8 °C, and the risk appeared immediately and lasted for the whole 14 days. Compared with other groups, warm temperature had a stronger effect on children aged 0-1 and scattered children, while cold temperature had a stronger effect on female, children aged 3-6 and childcare children with an M-shape. We found that socio-economic factors, medical health factors and meteorological factors were significantly associated with heterogeneity. Density of medical technical personnel, urbanization rate and density of health care institutions were the main modifiers for explaining heterogeneity of 26.10%, 24.90% and 24.86% respectively which were revealed by meta-analysis. CONCLUSIONS There was a significant nonlinear correlation between temperature and HFMD. Compared with other groups, children aged 0-1 and scattered children were more susceptible to warm temperature, while female, children aged 3-6 and childcare children were more susceptible to cold temperature. Socio-economic factors, medical health factors and meteorological factors may be the source of the heterogeneity. Therefore, local governments should consider different temperature-HFMD relationships between different regions and populations when formulating appropriate preventive measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyi Deng
- School of Public Health, Research Center for Medicine and Social Development, Innovation Center for Social Risk Governance in Health, Research Center for Public Health Security, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhiyi Chen
- School of Public Health, Research Center for Medicine and Social Development, Innovation Center for Social Risk Governance in Health, Research Center for Public Health Security, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yang Zou
- School of Public Health, Research Center for Medicine and Social Development, Innovation Center for Social Risk Governance in Health, Research Center for Public Health Security, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ying He
- School of Public Health, Research Center for Medicine and Social Development, Innovation Center for Social Risk Governance in Health, Research Center for Public Health Security, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Saijuan Chen
- School of Public Health, Research Center for Medicine and Social Development, Innovation Center for Social Risk Governance in Health, Research Center for Public Health Security, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Qiuting Wang
- School of Public Health, Research Center for Medicine and Social Development, Innovation Center for Social Risk Governance in Health, Research Center for Public Health Security, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Dianguo Xing
- Office of Health Emergency, Chongqing Municipal Health Commission, Chongqing, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- School of Public Health, Research Center for Medicine and Social Development, Innovation Center for Social Risk Governance in Health, Research Center for Public Health Security, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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30
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Namiba A, Kwardem L, Dhairyawan R, Hale F, McGregor Read J, Anderson J, Welbourn A. From presumptive exclusion towards fair inclusion: perspectives on the involvement of women living with HIV in clinical trials, including stakeholders' views. Ther Adv Infect Dis 2022; 9:20499361221075454. [PMID: 35127083 PMCID: PMC8811419 DOI: 10.1177/20499361221075454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Angelina Namiba
- 15 Chow Square, London E8 2DD, UK4M Network of Mentor Mothers, London, UK
| | | | | | | | - Janine McGregor Read
- Positively UK, London, UKHomerton University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Jane Anderson
- Homerton University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
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Varghese M, Clemente J, Lerner A, Abrishami S, Islam M, Subbaiah P, Singer K. Monocyte Trafficking and Polarization Contribute to Sex Differences in Meta-Inflammation. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:826320. [PMID: 35422759 PMCID: PMC9001155 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.826320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is associated with systemic inflammation and immune cell recruitment to metabolic tissues. Sex differences have been observed where male mice challenged with high fat diet (HFD) exhibit greater adipose tissue inflammation than females demonstrating a role for sex hormones in differential inflammatory responses. Circulating monocytes that respond to dietary lipids and chemokines and produce cytokines are the primary source of recruited adipose tissue macrophages (ATMs). In this study, we investigated sexual dimorphism in biological pathways in HFD-fed ATMs from male and female mice by RNA-seq. We also conducted chemotaxis assays to investigate sex differences in the migration of monocytes isolated from bone marrow from male and female mice toward a dietary saturated lipid - palmitate (PA), and a chemokine - monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP1), factors known to stimulate myeloid cells in obesity. ATM RNA-Seq demonstrated sex differences of both metabolic and inflammatory activation, including pathways for chemokine signaling and leukocyte trans-endothelial migration. In vivo monocyte transfer studies demonstrated that male monocytes traffic to female adipose tissue to generate ATMs more readily. In chemotaxis assays, lean male monocytes migrated in greater numbers than females toward PA and MCP1. With short-term HFD, male and female monocytes migrated similarly, but in chronic HFD, male monocytes showed greater migration than females upon PA and MCP1 stimulation. Studies with monocytes from toll-like receptor 4 knockout mice (Tlr4-/- ) demonstrated that both males and females showed decreased migration than WT in response to PA and MCP1 implying a role for TLR4 in monocyte influx in response to meta-inflammation. Overall, these data demonstrate the role of sexual dimorphism in monocyte recruitment and response to metabolic stimuli that may influence meta-inflammation in obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mita Varghese
- Department of Pediatrics, Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Jeremy Clemente
- Department of Pediatrics, Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Arianna Lerner
- Department of Pediatrics, Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Simin Abrishami
- Department of Pediatrics, Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Mohammed Islam
- Department of Pediatrics, Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Perla Subbaiah
- Department of Statistics and Mathematics, Oakland University, Rochester, MI, United States
| | - Kanakadurga Singer
- Department of Pediatrics, Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
- *Correspondence: Kanakadurga Singer,
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Ikeda H. Changes in plasma-concentration ratios of branched-chain amino acids in acute and convalescent phases of bacterial pneumonia. J Clin Biochem Nutr 2022; 70:266-272. [PMID: 35692682 PMCID: PMC9130067 DOI: 10.3164/jcbn.21-95] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) have different immunity-related functions. Thus, BCAAs require evaluation in terms of their plasma concentration ratio. Eighty healthy participants and 57 patients with community-acquired pneumonia were enrolled. Samples from the healthy participants were collected after 12-h fasting; samples from the community-acquired pneumonia group were collected 2–3 h after lunch, during the acute (day 0) and convalescent (day 7) phases. The coefficient “a” of the regression line (Y = aX + b) of each BCAA plasma concentration was calculated from healthy participants and fixed, and each intercept “b” was calculated from the plasma concentration of each BCAA pair. Isoleucine levels increased; no significant changes in leucine concentrations were observed between healthy participants and pneumonia patients on days 0 and 7. In female participants in the pneumonia group, valine concentrations decreased on day 0. The isoleucine concentration was relatively higher than the leucine concentration on day 7 when evaluated with “b”. Changes in “b” on days 0 and 7 differed between men and women. There were sex-related differences in the plasma concentration ratios of BCAAs evaluated by “b”, which indicates a possible sex-related difference in the metabolic response to bacterial infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideki Ikeda
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Sanyudo Hospital
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Shireman JM, Ammanuel S, Eickhoff JC, Dey M. Sexual dimorphism of the immune system predicts clinical outcomes in glioblastoma immunotherapy: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Neurooncol Adv 2022; 4:vdac082. [PMID: 35821678 PMCID: PMC9268746 DOI: 10.1093/noajnl/vdac082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Biological differences based on sex have been documented throughout the scientific literature. Glioblastoma (GBM), the most common primary malignant brain tumor in adults, has a male sex incidence bias, however, no clinical trial data examining differential effects of treatment between sexes currently exists. Method We analyzed genomic data, as well as clinical trials, to delineate the effect of sex on the immune system and GBM outcome following immunotherapy. Results We found that in general females possess enriched immunological signatures on gene set enrichment analysis, which also stratified patient survival when delineated by sex. Female GBM patients treated with immunotherapy had a statistically significant survival advantage at the 1-year compared to males (relative risk [RR] = 1.15; P = .0241). This effect was even more pronounced in vaccine-based immunotherapy (RR = 1.29; P = .0158). Conclusions Our study shows a meaningful difference in the immunobiology between males and females that also influences the overall response to immunotherapy in the setting of GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jack M Shireman
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, UW Carbone Cancer Center, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Simon Ammanuel
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, UW Carbone Cancer Center, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Jens C Eickhoff
- Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Mahua Dey
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, UW Carbone Cancer Center, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
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Ababneh Q, Aldaken N, Jaradat Z, Al Sbei S, Alawneh D, Al-Zoubi E, Alhomsi T, Saadoun I. Molecular epidemiology of carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii isolated from three major hospitals in Jordan. Int J Clin Pract 2021; 75:e14998. [PMID: 34714567 DOI: 10.1111/ijcp.14998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the last decade, incidences of carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii have been increasingly reported worldwide. Consequently, A. baumannii was included in the World Health Organization's new list of critical pathogens, for which new drugs are desperately needed. The objective of this research was to study the molecular epidemiology and antimicrobial susceptibility of clinical carbapenem-resistant A. baumannii isolated from Jordanian hospitals. METHODS A total of 78 A. baumannii and 8 Acinetobacter spp. isolates were collected from three major hospitals in Jordan during 2018. Disc diffusion and microdilution methods were used to test their susceptibility against 19 antimicrobial agents. Multilocus sequence typing (MLST) was performed using the Pasteur scheme, followed by eBURST analysis for all isolates. PCR was used to detect β-lactam resistance genes, blaOXA-23-like , blaOXA-51-like , and blaNDM-1 . RESULTS Of the 86 tested isolates, 78 (90.6%) exhibited resistance to carbapenems, whereas no resistance was recorded to tigecycline or polymyxins. Based on the resistance profiles, 10.4% and 84.8% of isolates were classified into multidrug resistant (MDR) or extensively drug resistant (XDR), respectively. The most prevalent carbapenems resistance genes amongst isolates were blaOXA-51-Like (89.5%), followed by blaOXA-23-Like (88.3%) and blaNDM-1 (10.4%). MLST revealed the presence of 19 sequence types (STs), belonging to eight different international complexes. The most commonly detected clonal complex (CC) was CC2, representing 64% of all typed isolates. CONCLUSIONS This is the first study to report the clonal diversity of A. baumannii isolates in Jordan. A high incidence of carbapenem resistance was detected in the isolates investigated. In addition, our findings provided evidence for the widespread of blaOXA-23-like harbouring carbapenem-resistant A. baumannii and belonging to CC2. The number of XDR isolates identified in this study is alarming. Thus, periodic surveillance and molecular epidemiological studies of resistance factors are important to improve treatment outcomes and prevent the spread of A. baumannii infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qutaiba Ababneh
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Faculty of Science and Arts, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Neda'a Aldaken
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Faculty of Science and Arts, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Ziad Jaradat
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Faculty of Science and Arts, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Sara Al Sbei
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Faculty of Science and Arts, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Dua'a Alawneh
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Faculty of Science and Arts, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Esra'a Al-Zoubi
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Faculty of Science and Arts, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Tasnim Alhomsi
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Faculty of Science and Arts, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Ismail Saadoun
- Department of Applied Biology, College of Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, UAE
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Morphological Peculiarities of Parasitic (Trichosomoides crassicauda) Infection in Rat Urinary Bladder. MACEDONIAN VETERINARY REVIEW 2021. [DOI: 10.2478/macvetrev-2021-0019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Trichosomoides crassicauda (T. crassicauda) is a parasite commonly localized in the urinary bladder (UB) of laboratory and wild rats. The presence of these helminths can influence the prediction of pathological changes in the UB. Therefore, the purpose of this research was to make a comprehensive study of the features of the morphological changes in the UB wall of white laboratory rats as a result of T. crassicauda infestation. The study was performed on male rats using histological (Hematoxyline-Eosin and Alcian Blue staining) and immunohistochemical (Ki-67, Hsp70, Hsp90α, CD3 and CD20) methods. T. crassicauda was detected in both urine and UB samples. Morphological changes were observed as disruption in urothelial cell stratification and insignificant proliferative and immune responses in the UB. Increased heat shock protein levels were observed which may suggest a natural body’s resistance to this parasite.
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36
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Nielsen J, Nørgaard SK, Lanzieri G, Vestergaard LS, Moelbak K. Sex-differences in COVID-19 associated excess mortality is not exceptional for the COVID-19 pandemic. Sci Rep 2021. [PMID: 34675280 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-00213-w.pmid:34675280;pmcid:pmc8531278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Europe experienced excess mortality from February through June, 2020 due to the COVID-19 pandemic, with more COVID-19-associated deaths in males compared to females. However, a difference in excess mortality among females compared to among males may be a more general phenomenon, and should be investigated in none-COVID-19 situations as well. Based on death counts from Eurostat, separate excess mortalities were estimated for each of the sexes using the EuroMOMO model. Sex-differential excess mortality were expressed as differences in excess mortality incidence rates between the sexes. A general relation between sex-differential and overall excess mortality both during the COVID-19 pandemic and in preceding seasons were investigated. Data from 27 European countries were included, covering the seasons 2016/17 to 2019/20. In periods with increased excess mortality, excess was consistently highest among males. From February through May 2020 male excess mortality was 52.7 (95% PI: 56.29; 49.05) deaths per 100,000 person years higher than for females. Increased male excess mortality compared to female was also observed in the seasons 2016/17 to 2018/19. We found a linear relation between sex-differences in excess mortality and overall excess mortality, i.e., 40 additional deaths among males per 100 excess deaths per 100,000 population. This corresponds to an overall female/male mortality incidence ratio of 0.7. In situations with overall excess mortality, excess mortality increases more for males than females. We suggest that the sex-differences observed during the COVID-19 pandemic reflects a general sex-disparity in excess mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jens Nielsen
- Infectious Disease Epidemiology and Prevention, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Sarah K Nørgaard
- Infectious Disease Epidemiology and Prevention, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Giampaolo Lanzieri
- Statistical Office of the European Union (Eurostat), Population and Migration Unit, Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Lasse S Vestergaard
- Infectious Disease Epidemiology and Prevention, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kaare Moelbak
- Infectious Disease Epidemiology and Prevention, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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37
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Sex-differences in COVID-19 associated excess mortality is not exceptional for the COVID-19 pandemic. Sci Rep 2021; 11:20815. [PMID: 34675280 PMCID: PMC8531278 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-00213-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Europe experienced excess mortality from February through June, 2020 due to the COVID-19 pandemic, with more COVID-19-associated deaths in males compared to females. However, a difference in excess mortality among females compared to among males may be a more general phenomenon, and should be investigated in none-COVID-19 situations as well. Based on death counts from Eurostat, separate excess mortalities were estimated for each of the sexes using the EuroMOMO model. Sex-differential excess mortality were expressed as differences in excess mortality incidence rates between the sexes. A general relation between sex-differential and overall excess mortality both during the COVID-19 pandemic and in preceding seasons were investigated. Data from 27 European countries were included, covering the seasons 2016/17 to 2019/20. In periods with increased excess mortality, excess was consistently highest among males. From February through May 2020 male excess mortality was 52.7 (95% PI: 56.29; 49.05) deaths per 100,000 person years higher than for females. Increased male excess mortality compared to female was also observed in the seasons 2016/17 to 2018/19. We found a linear relation between sex-differences in excess mortality and overall excess mortality, i.e., 40 additional deaths among males per 100 excess deaths per 100,000 population. This corresponds to an overall female/male mortality incidence ratio of 0.7. In situations with overall excess mortality, excess mortality increases more for males than females. We suggest that the sex-differences observed during the COVID-19 pandemic reflects a general sex-disparity in excess mortality.
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38
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Maenosono R, Nian Y, Iske J, Liu Y, Minami K, Rommel T, Martin F, Abdi R, Azuma H, Rosner BA, Zhou H, Milford E, Elkhal A, Tullius SG. Recipient sex and estradiol levels affect transplant outcomes in an age-specific fashion. Am J Transplant 2021; 21:3239-3255. [PMID: 34050595 PMCID: PMC8924905 DOI: 10.1111/ajt.16611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Revised: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 04/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Sex-specific influences have been shown for a variety of diseases. Whether donor or recipient sex and sex hormone levels impact alloimmune responses remains unclear. In unifactorial and multifactorial analyses of more than 400 000 SRTR listed kidney transplant patients, we found that younger female recipients had an inferior death-censored graft survival that was independent of donor sex. In contrast, graft survival was superior in older female recipients, suggesting the impact of recipient sex hormones over chromosomal sex mismatches. Those clinical changes were delineated in experimental skin and heart transplant models showing a prolongation of graft survival in ovariectomized young female recipients. In contrast, graft survival was comparable in ovariectomized and naïve old female recipients. Young ovariectomized mice showed reduced amounts and a compromised T cell proliferation. Deprivation of female hormones dampened the production of interferon (IFN)-γ and interleukin (IL)-17+ by CD4+ T cells while augmenting systemic counts of Tregs. Increasing estradiol concentrations in vitro promoted the switch of naïve CD4+ T cells into Th1 cells; high physiological estradiol concentrations dampening Th1 responses, promoted Tregs, and prolonged graft survival. Thus, clinical observations demonstrate age-specific graft survival patterns in female recipients. Estrogen levels, in turn, impact the fate of T cell subsets, providing relevant and novel information on age- and sex-specific alloimmunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryoichi Maenosono
- Division of Transplant Surgery, Department of Surgery and Transplant Surgery Research Laboratory, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Urology, Osaka Medical College, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yeqi Nian
- Division of Transplant Surgery, Department of Surgery and Transplant Surgery Research Laboratory, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Kidney Transplantation, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Jasper Iske
- Division of Transplant Surgery, Department of Surgery and Transplant Surgery Research Laboratory, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Institute of Transplant Immunology, Integrated Research and Treatment Center Transplantation (IFB-Tx), Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Lower Saxony, Germany
| | - Yang Liu
- Division of Transplant Surgery, Department of Surgery and Transplant Surgery Research Laboratory, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Institute of Hepatobiliary Diseases, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Koichiro Minami
- Division of Transplant Surgery, Department of Surgery and Transplant Surgery Research Laboratory, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Urology, Osaka Medical College, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tabea Rommel
- Medical School, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Friederike Martin
- Department of General-, Visceral- and Transplantation Surgery, Charité-Medical University, Berlin, Germany
| | - Reza Abdi
- Renal Division, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Haruhito Azuma
- Department of Urology, Osaka Medical College, Osaka, Japan
| | - Bernhard A Rosner
- Department of Medicine, Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Ma., USA
| | - Hao Zhou
- Division of Transplant Surgery, Department of Surgery and Transplant Surgery Research Laboratory, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Edgar Milford
- Renal Division, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Abdallah Elkhal
- Division of Transplant Surgery, Department of Surgery and Transplant Surgery Research Laboratory, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Stefan G Tullius
- Division of Transplant Surgery, Department of Surgery and Transplant Surgery Research Laboratory, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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39
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O'Dell CT, Boule LA, Robert J, Georas SN, Eliseeva S, Lawrence BP. Exposure to a mixture of 23 chemicals associated with unconventional oil and gas operations alters immune response to challenge in adult mice. J Immunotoxicol 2021; 18:105-117. [PMID: 34455897 DOI: 10.1080/1547691x.2021.1965677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of unconventional oil and gas (UOG) operations raises concerns regarding the potential for adverse health outcomes following exposure to water tainted by mixtures of UOG associated chemicals. The potential effects that exposure to complex chemical mixtures has on the immune system have yet to be fully evaluated. In this study, effects on the immune system of adult mice exposed to a mixture of 23 chemicals that have been associated with water near active UOG operations were investigated. Female and male mice were exposed to the mixture via their drinking water for at least 8 weeks. At the end of the exposure, cellularity of primary and secondary immune organs, as well as an immune system function, were assessed using three different models of disease, i.e. house dust mite (HDM)-induced allergic airway disease, influenza A virus infection, and experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). The results indicated exposures resulted in different impacts on T-cell populations in each disease model. Furthermore, the consequences of exposure differed between female and male mice. Notably, exposure to the chemical mixture significantly increased EAE disease severity in females, but not in male, mice. These findings indicated that direct exposure to this mixture leads to multiple alterations in T-cell subsets and that these alterations differ between sexes. This suggested to us that direct exposure to UOG-associated chemicals may alter the adult immune system, leading to dysregulation in immune cellularity and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colleen T O'Dell
- Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Lisbeth A Boule
- Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Jacques Robert
- Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, USA.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Steve N Georas
- Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, USA.,Department of Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Sophia Eliseeva
- Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - B Paige Lawrence
- Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, USA.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, USA
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40
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So J, Tai AK, Lichtenstein AH, Wu D, Lamon-Fava S. Sexual dimorphism of monocyte transcriptome in individuals with chronic low-grade inflammation. Biol Sex Differ 2021; 12:43. [PMID: 34321081 PMCID: PMC8320037 DOI: 10.1186/s13293-021-00387-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Sexual dimorphism in the immune system is evidenced by a higher prevalence of autoimmune diseases in women and higher susceptibility to infectious diseases in men. However, the molecular basis of these sex-based differences is not fully understood. We have characterized the transcriptome profiles of peripheral blood monocytes from males and postmenopausal females with chronic low-grade inflammation. We identified 41 sexually differentially expressed genes [adjusted p value (FDR) < 0.1], including genes involved in immune cell activation (e.g., CEACAM1, FCGR2B, and SLAMF7) and antigen presentation (e.g., AIM2, CD1E, and UBA1) with a higher expression in females than males. Moreover, signaling pathways of immune or inflammatory responses, including interferon (IFN) signaling [z-score = 2.45, -log(p) = 3.88], were found to be more upregulated in female versus male monocytes, based on a set of genes exhibiting sex-biased expression (p < 0.03). The contribution of IFN signaling to the sexual transcriptional differences was further confirmed by direct comparisons of the monocyte sex-biased genes with IFN signature genes (ISGs) that were previously curated in mouse macrophages. ISGs showed a greater overlap with female-biased genes than male-biased genes and a higher overall expression in female than male monocytes, particularly for the genes of antiviral and inflammatory responses to IFN. Given the role of IFN in immune defense and autoimmunity, our results suggest that sexual dimorphism in immune functions may be associated with more priming of innate immune pathways in female than male monocytes. These findings highlight the role of sex on the human immune transcriptome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jisun So
- Cardiovascular Nutrition Laboratory, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Albert K Tai
- Department of Immunology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Alice H Lichtenstein
- Cardiovascular Nutrition Laboratory, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Dayong Wu
- Nutritional Immunology Laboratory, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Stefania Lamon-Fava
- Cardiovascular Nutrition Laboratory, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA.
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Jin X, Ren J, Li R, Gao Y, Zhang H, Li J, Zhang J, Wang X, Wang G. Global burden of upper respiratory infections in 204 countries and territories, from 1990 to 2019. EClinicalMedicine 2021; 37:100986. [PMID: 34386754 PMCID: PMC8343248 DOI: 10.1016/j.eclinm.2021.100986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Revised: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Upper respiratory infections (URIs) are among the most common diseases. However, the related burden has not been comprehensively evaluated. Thus, we designed the present study to describe the global and regional burden of URIs from 1990 to 2019. METHODS A secondary analysis was performed on the incidence, mortality, and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) of URIs in different sex and age groups, from 21 geographic regions, 204 countries and territories, between 1990 and 2019, using the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2019. Countries and territories were categorized according to Socio-demographic Index (SDI) quintiles. FINDINGS Globally, the incident cases of URIs reached 17·2 (95% uncertainty interval: 15·4 to 19·3) billion in 2019, which accounted for 42·83% (40·01% to 45·77%) cases from all causes in the GBD 2019 study. The age-standardized incidence rate remained stable from 1990 to 2019, while significant decreases were found in the mortality and DALY rate. The highest age-standardized incidence rates from 1990 to 2019 and the highest age-standardized DALY rates after 2011 were observed in high SDI regions. Among all the age groups, children under five years old suffered from the highest incidence and DALY rates, both of which were decreased with increasing age. Fatal consequences of URIs occurred mostly in the elderly and children under five years old. INTERPRETATION The present study provided comprehensive estimates of URIs burden for the first time. Our findings, highlighting the substantial incidence and considerable DALYs due to URIs, are expected to attract more attention to URIs and provide future explorations in the prevention and treatment with epidemiological evidence. FUNDING The study was funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (81770057).
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42
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Correa-Martínez CL, Schuler F, Kampmeier S. Sex differences in vancomycin-resistant enterococci bloodstream infections-a systematic review and meta-analysis. Biol Sex Differ 2021; 12:36. [PMID: 34001270 PMCID: PMC8130152 DOI: 10.1186/s13293-021-00380-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) have emerged in the healthcare setting worldwide. Infections with these pathogens, i.e., bloodstream infections (BSI), are accompanied with an impaired patient outcome. Diverse factors comprising patient characteristics, therapeutic strategies, and infection control measures are positively or negatively associated with VRE BSI occurrence. However, whether sex-specific differences influence the frequency of VRE BSI is yet unknown. The aim of this systematic review was to comprehensively summarize and analyze sex prevalence in VRE BSI patients. Main text A systematic search for relevant articles was conducted in PubMed and Web of Science. After screening for eligibility, data extraction from included articles and risk of bias assessment were processed. The prevalence of male/female sex in VRE BSI patients and 95% CI were calculated for each study and summarized as pooled estimated effect. In total, nine articles met the inclusion criteria. Risk of bias assessment resulted in low (six studies) to moderate bias (three studies). The pooled prevalence of male patients suffering from VRE BSI was 59% resulting in a 1.4 male/female prevalence ratio. Conclusions Current literature suggests sex differences with male preference (59%) in the distribution of VRE BSI cases. Further primary studies should address the question of male-specific factors favoring the enhanced frequency of VRE BSI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos L Correa-Martínez
- Institute of Hygiene, University Hospital Münster, Robert-Koch-Strasse 41, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Franziska Schuler
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, University Hospital Münster, Domagkstrasse 10, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Stefanie Kampmeier
- Institute of Hygiene, University Hospital Münster, Robert-Koch-Strasse 41, 48149, Münster, Germany.
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Cabré M, Planellas M, Ordeix L, Solano-Gallego L. Is signalment associated with clinicopathological findings in dogs with leishmaniosis? THE VETERINARY RECORD 2021; 189:e451. [PMID: 33993495 DOI: 10.1002/vetr.451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Revised: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Canine leishmaniosis (CanL) is a common infectious disease. Age, sex and breed might influence the type of clinical and pathological manifestations that dogs develop. The main objective of this retrospective cross-sectional study was to determine if an association between age, sex, breed and size and the clinical findings of CanL exists. MATERIAL AND METHODS Dogs with a diagnosis of leishmaniosis were enrolled (n = 123). Clinical information, including signalment, clinical signs and laboratory abnormalities, was retrieved from medical records from different veterinary facilities from Catalonia. RESULTS Young dogs developed less frequently systemic signs (p = 0.0046), renal (p = 0.0019) and haematologic (p = 0.0275) abnormalities, while dermatologic signs were more common in young and adult dogs compared with old ones (p = 0.0451). Young dogs showed proteinuria less often than adult and old dogs (p = 0.0029). Young dogs did not present renal azotemia, while old dogs showed occasionally renal azotemia (p = 0.0478). Young dogs were mainly classified as mild-moderate LeishVet clinical stages of the disease, and very rarely as severe-very severe LeishVet clinical stages, compared with adult and old dogs (p = 0.0457). Purebred dogs significantly developed ulcerative dermatitis more frequently than crossbred dogs (p = 0.0460). CONCLUSION This study describes that age is associated with differences in clinicopathological findings of CanL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Cabré
- Fundació Hospital Clínic Veterinari, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain.,Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia Animals, Facultat de Veterinària, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Marta Planellas
- Fundació Hospital Clínic Veterinari, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain.,Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia Animals, Facultat de Veterinària, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Laura Ordeix
- Fundació Hospital Clínic Veterinari, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain.,Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia Animals, Facultat de Veterinària, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Laia Solano-Gallego
- Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia Animals, Facultat de Veterinària, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
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Singh PK, Singh S, Wright RE, Rattan R, Kumar A. Aging, But Not Sex and Genetic Diversity, Impacts the Pathobiology of Bacterial Endophthalmitis. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2021; 61:5. [PMID: 33263715 PMCID: PMC7718809 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.61.14.5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Age, sex, and genetics are important biological variables in determining an individual's susceptibility or response to infectious agents; however, their role has not been evaluated in intraocular infections. In this study, we comprehensively examined the impact of these host biological factors in the pathogenesis of experimental bacterial endophthalmitis. Methods Endophthalmitis was induced by intravitreal injection of bacteria (Staphylococcusaureus) in the eyes of male and female C57BL/6 mice of different ages: group I (young, 6–8 weeks), group II (mid-age, 18–20 weeks), and group III (old, 1 year). Highly heterogeneous outbred J:DO mice were used for genetic diversity analysis. Eyes were subjected to clinical examination, retinal function testing using electroretinography (ERG), histopathological analysis (hematoxylin and eosin staining), and bacterial burden estimation. The levels of inflammatory mediators were measured using qPCR and ELISA, and the infiltration of neutrophils was determined by flow cytometry. Results Both inbred C57BL/6 and diversity outbred (J:DO) mice were equally susceptible to S. aureus endophthalmitis, as evidenced by a time-dependent increase in clinical scores, bacterial burden, intraocular inflammation, and retinal tissue damage, in addition to decreased retinal function. However, no significant differences were observed in disease severity and innate responses in male versus female mice. Older mice (group III) exhibited higher clinical scores coinciding with increased bacterial proliferation and intraocular inflammation, resulting in enhanced disease severity. Moreover, bone-marrow-derived macrophages from old mice exhibited reduced phagocytic activity but increased inflammatory response toward S. aureus challenge. Conclusions Age, but not sex, is an important biological variable in bacterial endophthalmitis. Identification of pathways underlying altered innate immunity and impaired bacterial clearance in aging eyes could provide new insights into the pathobiology of intraocular infections in elderly patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pawan Kumar Singh
- Department of Ophthalmology, Visual and Anatomical Sciences, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, United States
| | - Sukhvinder Singh
- Department of Ophthalmology, Visual and Anatomical Sciences, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, United States
| | - Robert Emery Wright
- Department of Ophthalmology, Visual and Anatomical Sciences, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, United States
| | - Ramandeep Rattan
- Division of Gynecology Oncology, Department of Women's Health Services, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, Michigan, United States.,Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, United States
| | - Ashok Kumar
- Department of Ophthalmology, Visual and Anatomical Sciences, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, United States.,Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, United States
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45
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Barajas-Martínez A, Ibarra-Coronado E, Fossion R, Toledo-Roy JC, Martínez-Garcés V, López-Rivera JA, Tello-Santoyo G, Lavin RD, Gómez JL, Stephens CR, Aguilar-Salinas CA, Estañol B, Torres N, Tovar AR, Resendis-Antonio O, Hiriart M, Frank A, Rivera AL. Sex Differences in the Physiological Network of Healthy Young Subjects. Front Physiol 2021; 12:678507. [PMID: 34045977 PMCID: PMC8144508 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.678507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Within human physiology, systemic interactions couple physiological variables to maintain homeostasis. These interactions change according to health status and are modified by factors such as age and sex. For several physiological processes, sex-based distinctions in normal physiology are present and defined in isolation. However, new methodologies are indispensable to analyze system-wide properties and interactions with the objective of exploring differences between sexes. Here we propose a new method to construct complex inferential networks from a normalization using the clinical criteria for health of physiological variables, and the correlations between anthropometric and blood tests biomarkers of 198 healthy young participants (117 women, 81 men, from 18 to 27 years old). Physiological networks of men have less correlations, displayed higher modularity, higher small-world index, but were more vulnerable to directed attacks, whereas networks of women were more resilient. The networks of both men and women displayed sex-specific connections that are consistent with the literature. Additionally, we carried out a time-series study on heart rate variability (HRV) using Physionet's Fantasia database. Autocorrelation of HRV, variance, and Poincare's plots, as a measure of variability, are statistically significant higher in young men and statistically significant different from young women. These differences are attenuated in older men and women, that have similar HRV distributions. The network approach revealed differences in the association of variables related to glucose homeostasis, nitrogen balance, kidney function, and fat depots. The clusters of physiological variables and their roles within the network remained similar regardless of sex. Both methodologies show a higher number of associations between variables in the physiological system of women, implying redundant mechanisms of control and simultaneously showing that these systems display less variability in time than those of men, constituting a more resilient system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Barajas-Martínez
- Doctorado en Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico.,Centro de Ciencias de la Complejidad, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico.,Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Elizabeth Ibarra-Coronado
- Centro de Ciencias de la Complejidad, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico.,Instituto de Ciencias Nucleares, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Ruben Fossion
- Centro de Ciencias de la Complejidad, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico.,Instituto de Ciencias Nucleares, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Juan Claudio Toledo-Roy
- Centro de Ciencias de la Complejidad, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico.,Instituto de Ciencias Nucleares, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Vania Martínez-Garcés
- Plan de Estudios Combinados en Medicina (PECEM-MD/PhD), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Juan Antonio López-Rivera
- Centro de Ciencias de la Complejidad, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico.,Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | - Rusland D Lavin
- Centro de Ciencias de la Complejidad, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - José Luis Gómez
- Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Christopher R Stephens
- Centro de Ciencias de la Complejidad, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico.,Instituto de Ciencias Nucleares, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | - Bruno Estañol
- Centro de Ciencias de la Complejidad, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico.,Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición "Salvador Zubirán", Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Nimbe Torres
- Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición "Salvador Zubirán", Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Armando R Tovar
- Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición "Salvador Zubirán", Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Osbaldo Resendis-Antonio
- Centro de Ciencias de la Complejidad, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico.,Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica, Coordinación de la Investigación Científica-Red de Apoyo a la Investigación, UNAM, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Marcia Hiriart
- Centro de Ciencias de la Complejidad, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico.,Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Alejandro Frank
- Centro de Ciencias de la Complejidad, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico.,Instituto de Ciencias Nucleares, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico.,El Colegio Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Ana Leonor Rivera
- Centro de Ciencias de la Complejidad, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico.,Instituto de Ciencias Nucleares, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
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Lio D, Scola L, Giarratana RM, Candore G, Colonna-Romano G, Caruso C, Balistreri CR. SARS CoV2 infection _The longevity study perspectives. Ageing Res Rev 2021; 67:101299. [PMID: 33607290 PMCID: PMC7885677 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2021.101299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2020] [Revised: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Like other infectious diseases, COVID-19 shows a clinical outcome enormously variable, ranging from asymptomatic to lethal. In Italy, like in other countries, old male individuals, with one or more comorbidity, are the most susceptible group, and show, consequently, the highest mortality, and morbidity, including lethal respiratory distress syndrome, as the most common complication. In addition, another extraordinary peculiarity, that is a surprising resistance to COVID-19, characterizes some Italian nonagenarians/centenarians. Despite having the typical COVID-19 signs and/or symptoms, such exceptional individuals show a surprising tendency to recover from illness and complications. On the other hand, long-lived people have an optimal performance of immune system related to an overexpression of anti-inflammatory variants in immune/inflammatory genes, as demonstrated by our and other groups. Consequently, we suggest long-lived people as an optimal model for detecting genetic profiles associated with the susceptibility and/or protection to COVID-19, to utilize as potential pharmacological targets for preventing or reducing viral infection in more vulnerable individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Domenico Lio
- Immunosenescence Study Group, Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced, Diagnostics (Bi.N.D.), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Letizia Scola
- Immunosenescence Study Group, Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced, Diagnostics (Bi.N.D.), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy; Cellular/Molecular Biology and Clinical Pathology Laboratory, Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostics (Bi.N.D.), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Rosa Maria Giarratana
- Cellular/Molecular Biology and Clinical Pathology Laboratory, Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostics (Bi.N.D.), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Candore
- Immunosenescence Study Group, Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced, Diagnostics (Bi.N.D.), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Colonna-Romano
- Immunosenescence Study Group, Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced, Diagnostics (Bi.N.D.), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Calogero Caruso
- Immunosenescence Study Group, Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced, Diagnostics (Bi.N.D.), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Carmela Rita Balistreri
- Immunosenescence Study Group, Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced, Diagnostics (Bi.N.D.), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy; Cellular/Molecular Biology and Clinical Pathology Laboratory, Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostics (Bi.N.D.), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy.
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47
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Lener S, Wipplinger C, Hartmann S, Rietzler A, Thomé C, Tschugg A. Gender-Specific Differences in Presentation and Management of Spinal Infection: A Single-Center Retrospective Study of 159 Cases. Global Spine J 2021; 11:430-436. [PMID: 32875875 PMCID: PMC8119926 DOI: 10.1177/2192568220905804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
STUDY DESIGN A retrospective single-center analysis of 159 cases. OBJECTIVE To investigate differences between male and female patients, as spinal infection (SI) represents a life-threatening condition and numerous factors may facilitate the course and outcome of SI, including patients' age and comorbidities, as well as gender. To date, no comparative data investigating sex differences in SI is available. Thus, the purpose of the present retrospective trial was to investigate differences between male and female patients. METHODS A total of 159 patients who were treated for a spinal infection between 2010 and 2016 at our department were included in the analysis. The patients were categorized into 2 groups based on gender. Evaluation included magnetic resonance imaging, laboratory values, clinical outcome, and conservative/operative management. RESULTS Male patients suffered from SI significantly more often than female patients (n = 101, 63.5% vs n = 58, 36.5%, P = .001). However, female patients were initially affected more severely, as infection parameters were significantly higher (P = .032) and vertebral destruction was more serious (P = .018). Furthermore, women suffered from intraoperative complications more often (P = .024) and received erythrocyte concentrates more frequently (P = .01). Nevertheless, mortality rates and outcome were comparable. Pain scales were significantly higher in female patients at 12-month follow-up (P = .042). CONCLUSION Although male patients show a higher incidence for SI, the course of disease and the management is more challenging in female patients. Nevertheless, outcome after 12 months is comparably good. Underlying mechanisms may include a better immune response and dissimilar effects of antibiotic treatment in women. Pain management in female patients is still unsatisfactory after 12 months.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Lener
- Medical University of
Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria,Sara Lener, Clinical Department of
Neurosurgery, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstraße 35, A-6020 Innsbruck,
Austria.
| | | | | | | | | | - Anja Tschugg
- Medical University of
Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
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Midavaine É, Côté J, Marchand S, Sarret P. Glial and neuroimmune cell choreography in sexually dimorphic pain signaling. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2021; 125:168-192. [PMID: 33582232 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.01.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Revised: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Chronic pain is a major global health issue that affects all populations regardless of sex, age, ethnicity/race, or country of origin, leading to persistent physical and emotional distress and to the loss of patients' autonomy and quality of life. Despite tremendous efforts in the elucidation of the mechanisms contributing to the pathogenesis of chronic pain, the identification of new potential pain targets, and the development of novel analgesics, the pharmacological treatment options available for pain management remain limited, and most novel pain medications have failed to achieve advanced clinical development, leaving many patients with unbearable and undermanaged pain. Sex-specific susceptibility to chronic pain conditions as well as sex differences in pain sensitivity, pain tolerance and analgesic efficacy are increasingly recognized in the literature and have thus prompted scientists to seek mechanistic explanations. Hence, recent findings have highlighted that the signaling mechanisms underlying pain hypersensitivity are sexually dimorphic, which sheds light on the importance of conducting preclinical and clinical pain research on both sexes and of developing sex-specific pain medications. This review thus focuses on the clinical and preclinical evidence supporting the existence of sex differences in pain neurobiology. Attention is drawn to the sexually dimorphic role of glial and immune cells, which are both recognized as key players in neuroglial maladaptive plasticity at the origin of the transition from acute pain to chronic pathological pain. Growing evidence notably attributes to microglial cells a pivotal role in the sexually dimorphic pain phenotype and in the sexually dimorphic analgesic efficacy of opioids. This review also summarizes the recent advances in understanding the pathobiology underpinning the development of pain hypersensitivity in both males and females in different types of pain conditions, with particular emphasis on the mechanistic signaling pathways driving sexually dimorphic pain responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Élora Midavaine
- Department of Pharmacology-Physiology, Institut de pharmacologie de Sherbrooke, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada; Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier universitaire de Sherbrooke, CIUSSS de l'Estrie - CHUS, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada.
| | - Jérôme Côté
- Department of Pharmacology-Physiology, Institut de pharmacologie de Sherbrooke, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada; Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier universitaire de Sherbrooke, CIUSSS de l'Estrie - CHUS, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
| | - Serge Marchand
- Department of Pharmacology-Physiology, Institut de pharmacologie de Sherbrooke, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada; Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier universitaire de Sherbrooke, CIUSSS de l'Estrie - CHUS, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
| | - Philippe Sarret
- Department of Pharmacology-Physiology, Institut de pharmacologie de Sherbrooke, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada; Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier universitaire de Sherbrooke, CIUSSS de l'Estrie - CHUS, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada.
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Feline lymphoplasmacytic rhinitis (FLPCR): Severity of inflammation correlates with reduced mucosal IgA expression. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2021; 234:110193. [PMID: 33611160 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2021.110193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2019] [Revised: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Feline lymphoplasmacytic rhinitis (FLPCR) is a rare disease with an unclear pathogenesis characterized by lymphoplasmacytic (LPC) inflammation and progressive tissue destruction. Aims were to evaluate specific FLPCR clinical and pathological features to gain insights into disease pathogenesis. Signalment, clinical signs, serology and 47 pin. h biopsies were retrospectively collected from 33 FLPCR and 3 normal cats. Microscopical lesions and immunohistochemistry results utilizing anti-CD3, anti-CD20, anti-FOXP3, anti-feline-IgA, IgG, IgE and anti-FeLV (p27 and gp70), FIV, FCV and, FHV were scored and most were analyzed statistically. The majority of cats were domestic short haired (26/31) with median age of 11 years and a 0.35 F/M ratio. Serology evidenced 3/22 FIV and 1/22 FeLV positive cats. Immunohistochemistry evidenced 1/33 FeLV-p27 positive cats. Common clinical signs were sneezing (19/24 [79 %]), mucous discharge (13/24 [54 %]) and stertor (10/24 [42 %]). In normal tissues, IgAs were expressed in mucin, apical and lateral cell membrane of columnar cells and in periglandular plasma cells. IgGs were expressed in 20-30 % of columnar cells. Number of clinical signs was statistically significantly higher in female cats (p < 0.0001) and was significantly correlated with chronicity (p = 0.004), and IgG scores (p = 0.01). LPC severity scores correlated positively with infiltration of neutrophils (p = 0.015), gland destruction (p = 0.019) and angiogenesis (p = 0.016) and negatively with fibrosis (p < 0.0001). LPC severity scores were also significantly associated to female sex (p = 0.01) and to IgA (p = 0.03), with higher IgA scores associated to lower LPC scores. FLPCR associated to disruption of mucosal defense mechanisms generating cycles of tissue inflammation, tissue damage and repair with progressive loss of function independent from viral infections.
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50
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Ji T, Tybur JM, van Vugt M. Gendered outgroup prejudice: An evolutionary threat management perspective on anti-immigrant bias. GROUP PROCESSES & INTERGROUP RELATIONS 2021; 24:177-192. [PMID: 33456313 PMCID: PMC7780271 DOI: 10.1177/1368430219882489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2018] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Are male and female immigrants viewed similarly or differently? Consistent with an evolutionary threat management perspective, we suggest that the answer to this question depends upon what types of threats immigrant groups are perceived as posing. In the present study, we compared attitudes toward male and female immigrants from either a violent ecology (e.g., Syria) or a pathogen-rich ecology (e.g., Liberia). We hypothesized that people would have more negative attitudes toward male than female immigrants from a violent ecology, but that attitudes would be similar toward male and female immigrants from a pathogen-rich ecology. Internal meta-analyses of three studies (total N = 1,488) were in line with our hypothesis. They showed that attitudes toward male immigrants from a violent ecology were more negative than attitudes toward female immigrants from the same ecology. In contrast, attitudes toward male and female immigrants were similar when those immigrants came from a pathogen-rich ecology. Our findings are consistent with an evolutionary threat management perspective on outgroup prejudice and are aligned with the male warrior hypothesis: Attitudes toward male versus female outgroup members vary with the potential threats these outgroups pose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Ji
- Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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