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Asgari R, Bazzazan MA, Karimi Jirandehi A, Yousefzadeh S, Alaei M, Keshavarz Shahbaz S. Peyer's Patch: Possible target for modulating the Gut-Brain-Axis through microbiota. Cell Immunol 2024; 401-402:104844. [PMID: 38901288 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2024.104844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2024] [Revised: 06/05/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024]
Abstract
The gastrointestinal (GI) tract and the brain form bidirectional nervous, immune, and endocrine communications known as the gut-brain axis. Several factors can affect this axis; among them, various studies have focused on the microbiota and imply that alterations in microbiota combinations can influence both the brain and GI. Also, many studies have shown that the immune system has a vital role in varying gut microbiota combinations. In the current paper, we will review the multidirectional effects of gut microbiota, immune system, and nervous system on each other. Specifically, this review mainly focuses on the impact of Peyer's patches as a critical component of the gut immune system on the gut-brain axis through affecting the gut's microbial composition. In this way, some factors were discussed as proposed elements of missing gaps in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reza Asgari
- Student Research Committee, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran; USERN Office, Qazvin University of Medical science, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Mohammad Amin Bazzazan
- Student Research Committee, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran; USERN Office, Qazvin University of Medical science, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Ashkan Karimi Jirandehi
- Student Research Committee, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran; USERN Office, Qazvin University of Medical science, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Salar Yousefzadeh
- Student Research Committee, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran; USERN Office, Qazvin University of Medical science, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Masood Alaei
- Student Research Committee, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran; USERN Office, Qazvin University of Medical science, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Sanaz Keshavarz Shahbaz
- USERN Office, Qazvin University of Medical science, Qazvin, Iran; Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Research Institute for prevention of Non- Communicable Disease, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran.
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2
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Putro E, Carnevale A, Marangio C, Fulci V, Paolini R, Molfetta R. New Insight into Intestinal Mast Cells Revealed by Single-Cell RNA Sequencing. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5594. [PMID: 38891782 PMCID: PMC11171657 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25115594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2024] [Revised: 05/14/2024] [Accepted: 05/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Mast cells (MCs) are tissue-resident immune cells distributed in all tissues and strategically located close to blood and lymphatic vessels and nerves. Thanks to the expression of a wide array of receptors, MCs act as tissue sentinels, able to detect the presence of bacteria and parasites and to respond to different environmental stimuli. MCs originate from bone marrow (BM) progenitors that enter the circulation and mature in peripheral organs under the influence of microenvironment factors, thus differentiating into heterogeneous tissue-specific subsets. Even though MC activation has been traditionally linked to IgE-mediated allergic reactions, a role for these cells in other pathological conditions including tumor progression has recently emerged. However, several aspects of MC biology remain to be clarified. The advent of single-cell RNA sequencing platforms has provided the opportunity to understand MCs' origin and differentiation as well as their phenotype and functions within different tissues, including the gut. This review recapitulates how single-cell transcriptomic studies provided insight into MC development as well as into the functional role of intestinal MC subsets in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Rossella Paolini
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Laboratory Affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy; (E.P.); (A.C.); (C.M.); (V.F.); (R.M.)
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3
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Duque-Wilckens N, Maradiaga N, Szu-Ying Y, Joseph D, Srinavasan V, Thelen K, Sotomayor F, Durga K, Nestler E, Moeser AJ, Robison AJ. Activity-dependent FosB gene expression negatively regulates mast cell functions. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.05.06.592755. [PMID: 38766119 PMCID: PMC11100602 DOI: 10.1101/2024.05.06.592755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
Mast cells are innate immune cells that play a crucial role in numerous physiological processes across tissues by releasing pre-stored and newly synthesized mediators in response to stimuli, an activity largely driven by changes in gene expression. Given their widespread influence, dysfunction in mast cells can contribute to a variety of pathologies including allergies, long COVID, and autoimmune and neuroinflammatory disorders. Despite this, the specific transcriptional mechanisms that control mast cell mediator release remain poorly understood, significantly hindering the development of effective therapeutic strategies. We found that the two proteins encoded by the transcription factor FosB, FOSB and the highly stable variant ΔFOSB, are robustly expressed upon stimulation in both murine and human mast cell progenitors. Motivated by these findings, we generated a novel mouse model with targeted ablation of FosB gene expression specifically in mast cells (MC FosB- ) by crossing a mast cell-specific Cre reporter line (Mcpt5-Cre) with a Cre-dependent floxed FosB mouse lines. We found that mast cell progenitors derived from MC FosB- mice, compared to wild types (WT), exhibit baseline increased histamine content and vesicle numbers. Additionally, they show enhanced calcium mobilization, degranulation, and histamine release following allergy-related IgE-mediated stimulation, along with heightened IL-6 release in response to infection-like LPS stimulation. In vivo experiments with IgE- mediated and LPS challenges revealed that MC FosB- mice experience greater drops in body temperature, heightened activation of tissue-resident mast cells, and increased release of pro-inflammatory mediators compared to their WT counterparts. These findings suggest that FosB products play a crucial regulatory role in moderating stimulus-induced mast cell activation in response to both IgE and LPS stimuli. Lastly, by integrating CUT&RUN and RNAseq data, we identified several genes targeted by ΔFOSB that could mediate these observed effects, including Mir155hg, CLCF1, DUSP4, and Trib1. Together, this study provides the first evidence that FOSB/ΔFOSB modulate mast cell functions and provides a new possible target for therapeutic interventions aimed at ameliorating mast cell-related diseases.
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Norrby K. On Connective Tissue Mast Cells as Protectors of Life, Reproduction, and Progeny. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4499. [PMID: 38674083 PMCID: PMC11050338 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25084499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2024] [Revised: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The connective tissue mast cell (MC), a sentinel tissue-residing secretory immune cell, has been preserved in all vertebrate classes since approximately 500 million years. No physiological role of the MC has yet been established. Considering the power of natural selection of cells during evolution, it is likely that the MCs exert essential yet unidentified life-promoting actions. All vertebrates feature a circulatory system, and the MCs interact readily with the vasculature. It is notable that embryonic MC progenitors are generated from endothelial cells. The MC hosts many surface receptors, enabling its activation via a vast variety of potentially harmful exogenous and endogenous molecules and via reproductive hormones in the female sex organs. Activated MCs release a unique composition of preformed and newly synthesized bioactive molecules, like heparin, histamine, serotonin, proteolytic enzymes, cytokines, chemokines, and growth factors. MCs play important roles in immune responses, tissue remodeling, cell proliferation, angiogenesis, inflammation, wound healing, tissue homeostasis, health, and reproduction. As recently suggested, MCs enable perpetuation of the vertebrates because of key effects-spanning generations-in ovulation and pregnancy, as in life-preserving activities in inflammation and wound healing from birth till reproductive age, thus creating a permanent life-sustaining loop. Here, we present recent advances that further indicate that the MC is a specific life-supporting and progeny-safeguarding cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klas Norrby
- Department of Pathology, Institute of Medical Biology, Sahlgren Academy, University of Gothenburg, 7 Ostindiefararen, SE-417 65 Gothenburg, Sweden
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5
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Suárez Vázquez TA, López López N, Salinas Carmona MC. MASTer cell: chief immune modulator and inductor of antimicrobial immune response. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1360296. [PMID: 38638437 PMCID: PMC11024470 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1360296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Mast cells have long been recognized for their involvement in allergic pathology through the immunoglobulin E (IgE)-mediated degranulation mechanism. However, there is growing evidence of other "non-canonical" degranulation mechanisms activated by certain pathogen recognition receptors. Mast cells release several mediators, including histamine, cytokines, chemokines, prostaglandins, and leukotrienes, to initiate and enhance inflammation. The chemical nature of activating stimuli influences receptors, triggering mechanisms for the secretion of formed and new synthesized mediators. Mast cells have more than 30 known surface receptors that activate different pathways for direct and indirect activation by microbes. Different bacterial strains stimulate mast cells through various ligands, initiating the innate immune response, which aids in clearing the bacterial burden. Mast cell interactions with adaptative immune cells also play a crucial role in infections. Recent publications revealed another "non-canonical" degranulation mechanism present in tryptase and chymase mast cells in humans and connective tissue mast cells in mice, occurring through the activation of the Mas-related G protein-coupled receptor (MRGPRX2/b2). This receptor represents a new therapeutic target alongside antibiotic therapy. There is an urgent need to reconsider and redefine the biological role of these MASTer cells of innate immunity, extending beyond their involvement in allergic pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Mario César Salinas Carmona
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine and Dr. Jose Eleuterio Gonzalez University Hospital, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, Mexico
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6
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Mehrani Y, Morovati S, Tajik T, Sarmadi S, Bitaraf A, Sourani Z, Shahverdi M, Javadi H, Kakish JE, Bridle BW, Karimi K. Communication between Mast Cells and Group 2 Innate Lymphoid Cells in the Skin. Cells 2024; 13:462. [PMID: 38474426 DOI: 10.3390/cells13050462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Revised: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The skin is a dynamic organ with a complex immune network critical for maintaining balance and defending against various pathogens. Different types of cells in the skin, such as mast cells (MCs) and group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s), contribute to immune regulation and play essential roles in the early immune response to various triggers, including allergens. It is beneficial to dissect cell-to-cell interactions in the skin to elucidate the mechanisms underlying skin immunity. The current manuscript concentrates explicitly on the communication pathways between MCs and ILC2s in the skin, highlighting their ability to regulate immune responses, inflammation, and tissue repair. Furthermore, it discusses how the interactions between MCs and ILC2s play a crucial role in various skin conditions, such as autoimmune diseases, dermatological disorders, and allergic reactions. Understanding the complex interactions between MCs and ILC2s in different skin conditions is crucial to developing targeted treatments for related disorders. The discovery of shared pathways could pave the way for novel therapeutic interventions to restore immunological balance in diseased skin tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeganeh Mehrani
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
- Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad 91779-48974, Iran
| | - Solmaz Morovati
- Division of Biotechnology, Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz 71557-13876, Iran
| | - Tahmineh Tajik
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad 91779-48974, Iran
| | - Soroush Sarmadi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran 14199-63114, Iran
| | - Ali Bitaraf
- Experimental Medicine Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 14167-53955, Iran
| | - Zahra Sourani
- Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord 88186-34141, Iran
| | - Mohammad Shahverdi
- Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord 88186-34141, Iran
- Clinical Biochemistry Research Center, School of Medicine, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord 88157-13471, Iran
| | - Helia Javadi
- Department of Medical Sciences, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada
| | - Julia E Kakish
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Byram W Bridle
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Khalil Karimi
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
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7
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Guo X, Bai Y, Jia X, Wu P, Luo L, Wang J, Li H, Guo H, Li J, Guo Z, Yun K, Gao C, Yan J. DNA methylation profiling reveals potential biomarkers of β-lactams induced fatal anaphylactic shock. Forensic Sci Int 2024; 356:111943. [PMID: 38290418 DOI: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2024.111943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/14/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
Anaphylaxis is a serious reaction of systemic hypersensitivity with that rapid onset and sudden death. Drug hypersensitivity, particularly induced by β-lactams, is one of the most frequent causes of anaphylaxis in adults. But identification of anaphylactic shock, in forensic sciences recently, is difficult, because it mainly depends on nonspecific characteristic morphological changes, as well as exclusion and circumstantial evidence. Here, we detected DNA methylation signatures of β-lactams-induced fatal anaphylactic shock with the Illumina Infinium Human Methylation EPIC BeadChip, to screen potential forensic biomarkers and reveal the molecular mechanisms of drug-induced anaphylaxis with fatal shock and sudden death. Our results indicated that DNA methylation was associated with β-lactams-induced fatal anaphylactic shock, in which the hypomethylation played a vital role. We found that 1459 differentially methylated positions (DMPs) were mainly involved in β-lactams-induced fatal anaphylactic shock by regulating MAPK and other signaling pathways. 18 DNA methylation signatures that could separate β-lactams-induced anaphylactic shock from healthy individuals were identified. The altered methylation of DMPs can affect the transcription of corresponding genes and promote β-lactams-induced fatal anaphylactic shock. The results suggest that DNA methylation can detect forensic identification markers of drug-induced anaphylaxis with fatal shock and sudden death, and it is an effective method for the forensic diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangjie Guo
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China; Translational Medicine Research Center, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China; Shanxi Key Laboratory of Drug Toxicology and Drug for Radiation Injury, China Institute for Radiation Protection, Taiyuan, ShanXi, China.
| | - Yaqin Bai
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Xiao Jia
- College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Peng Wu
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Li Luo
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Jiaqi Wang
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Hao Li
- Institute of Forensic Science of China, Beijing, China
| | - Hualin Guo
- China Astronaut Research and Training Center, Beijing, China
| | - Jianguo Li
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Drug Toxicology and Drug for Radiation Injury, China Institute for Radiation Protection, Taiyuan, ShanXi, China
| | - Zhongyuan Guo
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Keming Yun
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Cairong Gao
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China.
| | - Jiangwei Yan
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China.
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8
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Zhang T, Pang C, Xu M, Zhao Q, Hu Z, Jiang X, Guo M. The role of immune system in atherosclerosis: Molecular mechanisms, controversies, and future possibilities. Hum Immunol 2024; 85:110765. [PMID: 38369442 DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2024.110765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
Numerous cardiovascular disorders have atherosclerosis as their pathological underpinning. Numerous studies have demonstrated that, with the aid of pattern recognition receptors, cytokines, and immunoglobulins, innate immunity, represented by monocytes/macrophages, and adaptive immunity, primarily T/B cells, play a critical role in controlling inflammation and abnormal lipid metabolism in atherosclerosis. Additionally, the finding of numerous complement components in atherosclerotic plaques suggests yet again how heavily the immune system controls atherosclerosis. Therefore, it is essential to have a thorough grasp of how the immune system contributes to atherosclerosis. The specific molecular mechanisms involved in the activation of immune cells and immune molecules in atherosclerosis, the controversy surrounding some immune cells in atherosclerosis, and the limitations of extrapolating from relevant animal models to humans were all carefully reviewed in this review from the three perspectives of innate immunity, adaptive immunity, and complement system. This could provide fresh possibilities for atherosclerosis research and treatment in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianle Zhang
- School of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, PR China
| | - Chenxu Pang
- School of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, PR China
| | - Mengxin Xu
- School of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, PR China
| | - Qianqian Zhao
- School of Medical Technology, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, PR China
| | - Zhijie Hu
- School of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, PR China
| | - Xijuan Jiang
- School of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, PR China.
| | - Maojuan Guo
- School of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, PR China.
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9
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Szczykutowicz J. Ligand Recognition by the Macrophage Galactose-Type C-Type Lectin: Self or Non-Self?-A Way to Trick the Host's Immune System. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:17078. [PMID: 38069400 PMCID: PMC10707269 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242317078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The cells and numerous macromolecules of living organisms carry an array of simple and complex carbohydrates on their surface, which may be recognized by many types of proteins, including lectins. Human macrophage galactose-type lectin (MGL, also known as hMGL/CLEC10A/CD301) is a C-type lectin receptor expressed on professional antigen-presenting cells (APCs) specific to glycans containing terminal GalNAc residue, such as Tn antigen or LacdiNAc but also sialylated Tn antigens. Macrophage galactose-type lectin (MGL) exhibits immunosuppressive properties, thus facilitating the maintenance of immune homeostasis. Hence, MGL is exploited by tumors and some pathogens to trick the host immune system and induce an immunosuppressive environment to escape immune control. The aims of this article are to discuss the immunological outcomes of human MGL ligand recognition, provide insights into the molecular aspects of these interactions, and review the MGL ligands discovered so far. Lastly, based on the human fetoembryonic defense system (Hu-FEDS) hypothesis, this paper raises the question as to whether MGL-mediated interactions may be relevant in the development of maternal tolerance toward male gametes and the fetus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justyna Szczykutowicz
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunochemistry, Division of Chemistry and Immunochemistry, Wroclaw Medical University, Sklodowskiej-Curie 48/50, 50-369 Wroclaw, Poland
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10
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Dileepan KN, Raveendran VV, Sharma R, Abraham H, Barua R, Singh V, Sharma R, Sharma M. Mast cell-mediated immune regulation in health and disease. Front Med (Lausanne) 2023; 10:1213320. [PMID: 37663654 PMCID: PMC10470157 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2023.1213320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Mast cells are important components of the immune system, and they perform pro-inflammatory as well as anti-inflammatory roles in the complex process of immune regulation in health and disease. Because of their strategic perivascular localization, sensitivity and adaptability to the microenvironment, and ability to release a variety of preformed and newly synthesized effector molecules, mast cells perform unique functions in almost all organs. Additionally, Mast cells express a wide range of surface and cytoplasmic receptors which enable them to respond to a variety of cytokines, chemicals, and pathogens. The mast cell's role as a cellular interface between external and internal environments as well as between vasculature and tissues is critical for protection and repair. Mast cell interactions with different immune and nonimmune cells through secreted inflammatory mediators may also turn in favor of disease promoting agents. First and forefront, mast cells are well recognized for their multifaceted functions in allergic diseases. Reciprocal communication between mast cells and endothelial cells in the presence of bacterial toxins in chronic/sub-clinical infections induce persistent vascular inflammation. We have shown that mast cell proteases and histamine induce endothelial inflammatory responses that are synergistically amplified by bacterial toxins. Mast cells have been shown to exacerbate vascular changes in normal states as well as in chronic or subclinical infections, particularly among cigarette smokers. Furthermore, a potential role of mast cells in SARS-CoV-2-induced dysfunction of the capillary-alveolar interface adds to the growing understanding of mast cells in viral infections. The interaction between mast cells and microglial cells in the brain further highlights their significance in neuroinflammation. This review highlights the significant role of mast cells as the interface that acts as sensor and early responder through interactions with cells in systemic organs and the nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kottarappat N. Dileepan
- Division of Allergy, Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, The University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, United States
| | - Vineesh V. Raveendran
- Division of Allergy, Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, The University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, United States
| | - Rishi Sharma
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Kansas City, MO, United States
| | - Harita Abraham
- Division of Allergy, Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, The University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, United States
| | - Rajat Barua
- Cardiology Section, Kansas City Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Kansas City, MO, United States
| | - Vikas Singh
- Neurology Section, Kansas City Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Kansas City, MO, United States
| | - Ram Sharma
- Research and Development Service, Kansas City Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Kansas City, MO, United States
| | - Mukut Sharma
- Research and Development Service, Kansas City Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Kansas City, MO, United States
- Midwest Veterans’ Biomedical Research Foundation (MVBRF), Kansas City VA Medical Center, Kansas, MO, United States
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11
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Costanzo G, Costanzo GAML, Del Moro L, Nappi E, Pelaia C, Puggioni F, Canonica GW, Heffler E, Paoletti G. Mast Cells in Upper and Lower Airway Diseases: Sentinels in the Front Line. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24119771. [PMID: 37298721 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24119771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Revised: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Mast cells (MCs) are fascinating cells of the innate immune system involved not only in allergic reaction but also in tissue homeostasis, response to infection, wound healing, protection against kidney injury, the effects of pollution and, in some circumstances, cancer. Indeed, exploring their role in respiratory allergic diseases would give us, perhaps, novel therapy targets. Based on this, there is currently a great demand for therapeutic regimens to enfeeble the damaging impact of MCs in these pathological conditions. Several strategies can accomplish this at different levels in response to MC activation, including targeting individual mediators released by MCs, blockade of receptors for MC-released compounds, inhibition of MC activation, limiting mast cell growth, or inducing mast cell apoptosis. The current work focuses on and summarizes the mast cells' role in pathogenesis and as a personalized treatment target in allergic rhinitis and asthma; even these supposed treatments are still at the preclinical stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Costanzo
- Personalized Medicine, Asthma and Allergy, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, 20089 Rozzano, Italy
| | | | - Lorenzo Del Moro
- Personalized Medicine, Asthma and Allergy, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, 20089 Rozzano, Italy
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, 50121 Florence, Italy
| | - Emanuele Nappi
- Personalized Medicine, Asthma and Allergy, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, 20089 Rozzano, Italy
| | - Corrado Pelaia
- Department of Health Sciences, University 'Magna Græcia' of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Francesca Puggioni
- Personalized Medicine, Asthma and Allergy, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, 20089 Rozzano, Italy
| | - Giorgio Walter Canonica
- Personalized Medicine, Asthma and Allergy, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, 20089 Rozzano, Italy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, 20072 Pieve Emanuele, Italy
| | - Enrico Heffler
- Personalized Medicine, Asthma and Allergy, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, 20089 Rozzano, Italy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, 20072 Pieve Emanuele, Italy
| | - Giovanni Paoletti
- Personalized Medicine, Asthma and Allergy, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, 20089 Rozzano, Italy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, 20072 Pieve Emanuele, Italy
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12
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Tang YL, Tao Y, Zhu L, Shen JL, Cheng H. Role of NLRP3 inflammasome in hepatocellular carcinoma: A double-edged sword. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 118:110107. [PMID: 37028274 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.110107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Revised: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/09/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, the study of NOD-like receptor thermal protein domain associated protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome has become a hot topic, especially its role in various tumors. The incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma is ranked in the top five in China. Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the predominant and typical form of primary liver cancer. Due to the close relationship between NLRP3 inflammasome and cancers, many studies have investigated its role in HCC. The results suggest that NLRP3 inflammasome participates in both tumor growth inhibition and tumor growth promotion in HCC. Therefore, this review elaborates on the relationship between NLRP3 and HCC and explains its role in HCC. In addition, the potential of NLRP3 as a therapeutic target for cancer therapy is explored, summarizing and classifying impacts of and processes underlying different NLRP3 inflammasome-targeting drugs on HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Le Tang
- Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China; Yangzhou University Medical College, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Experimental & Translational Non-coding RNA Research, Institute of Translational Medicine, Yangzhou University, Jiangsu, Yangzhou, China
| | - Yan Tao
- Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China; Yangzhou University Medical College, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Experimental & Translational Non-coding RNA Research, Institute of Translational Medicine, Yangzhou University, Jiangsu, Yangzhou, China
| | - Lin Zhu
- Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China; Yangzhou University Medical College, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Experimental & Translational Non-coding RNA Research, Institute of Translational Medicine, Yangzhou University, Jiangsu, Yangzhou, China
| | - Jia-Lin Shen
- Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China; Yangzhou University Medical College, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Experimental & Translational Non-coding RNA Research, Institute of Translational Medicine, Yangzhou University, Jiangsu, Yangzhou, China
| | - Hong Cheng
- Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China; Yangzhou University Medical College, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Experimental & Translational Non-coding RNA Research, Institute of Translational Medicine, Yangzhou University, Jiangsu, Yangzhou, China.
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13
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Lin P, Zhang J, Xie G, Li J, Guo C, Lin H, Zhang Y. Innate Immune Responses to Sporothrix schenckii: Recognition and Elimination. Mycopathologia 2022; 188:71-86. [PMID: 36329281 DOI: 10.1007/s11046-022-00683-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Sporothrix schenckii (S. schenckii), a ubiquitous thermally dimorphic fungus, is the etiological agent of sporotrichosis, affecting immunocompromised and immunocompetent individuals. Despite current antifungal regimens, sporotrichosis results in prolonged treatment and significant mortality rates in the immunosuppressed population. The innate immune system forms the host's first and primary line of defense against S. schenckii, which has a bi-layered cell wall structure. Many components act as pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) in pathogen-host interactions. PAMPs are recognized by pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) such as toll-like receptors, C-type lectin receptors, and complement receptors, triggering innate immune cells such as neutrophils, macrophages, and dendritic cells to phagocytize or produce mediators, contributing to S. schenckii elimination. The ultrastructure of S. schenckii and pathogen-host interactions, including PRRs and innate immune cells, are summarized in this review, promoting a better understanding of the innate immune response to S. schenckii and aiding in the development of protective and therapeutic strategies to combat sporotrichosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Lin
- Graduate School, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Jianfeng Zhang
- Graduate School, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Guinan Xie
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Junchen Li
- Graduate School, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Chenqi Guo
- Graduate School, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Haiyue Lin
- Graduate School, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, Tianjin Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated Hospital, Tianjin, China.
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14
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Gut microbiota: a new avenue to reveal pathological mechanisms of constipation. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2022; 106:6899-6913. [PMID: 36190540 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-022-12197-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Revised: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Constipation is very pervasive all over the world. It is a common multifactorial gastrointestinal disease, and its etiology and pathomechanism are not completely clear. Now, increasing evidence shows that intestinal flora is closely related to constipation. Intestinal flora is the largest microbiota in the human body and has powerful metabolic functions. Intestinal flora can produce a variety of metabolites, such as bile acids, short-chain fatty acids, tryptophan metabolites, and methane, which have important effects on intestinal motility and secretion. The host can also monitor the intestinal flora and regulate gut dysbacteriosis in constipation. To explore the relationship between intestinal flora and host, the combination of multiomics technology has become the powerful and effective method. Furthermore, the homeostasis restoration of intestinal flora also provides a new strategy for the treatment of constipation. This review aims to explore the interaction between intestinal flora and host in constipation, which contributes to disclose the pathogenesis of constipation and the development of novel drugs for the treatment of constipation from the perspective of intestinal flora. KEY POINTS: • This review highlights the regulation of gut microbiota on the intestinal motility and secretion of host. • The current review gives an insight into the role of the host on the recognition and regulation of intestinal ecology under constipation. • The article also introduces some novel methods of current gut microbiota research and gut microbiota-based constipation therapies.
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15
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West PW, Bulfone-Paus S. Mast cell tissue heterogeneity and specificity of immune cell recruitment. Front Immunol 2022; 13:932090. [PMID: 35967445 PMCID: PMC9374002 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.932090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mast cells occupy a unique niche within tissues as long lived perpetrators of IgE mediated hypersensitivity and anaphylaxis, as well as other immune responses. However, mast cells are not identical in different tissues and the impact of this tissue heterogeneity on the interaction with other immune cells and on defined immune responses is still unclear. In this review, we synthesize the characteristics of mast cell heterogeneity in the gut and the skin. Furthermore, we attempt to connect mast cell heterogeneity with functional diversity by exploring differences in mast cell-induced immune cell recruitment in these two model organs. The differential expression of certain receptors on mast cells of different tissues, notably tissue-specific expression patterns of integrins, complement receptors and MRGPRX2, could indicate that tissue environment-dependent factors skew mast cell-immune cell interactions, for example by regulating the expression of these receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Silvia Bulfone-Paus
- Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, United Kingdom
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16
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Żelechowska P, Brzezińska-Błaszczyk E, Agier J, Kozłowska E. Different effectiveness of fungal pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) in activating rat peritoneal mast cells. Immunol Lett 2022; 248:7-15. [DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2022.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Revised: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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17
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Interplay between Mast Cells and Regulatory T Cells in Immune-Mediated Cholangiopathies. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23115872. [PMID: 35682552 PMCID: PMC9180565 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23115872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Revised: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Immune-mediated cholangiopathies are characterised by the destruction of small and large bile ducts causing bile acid stasis, which leads to subsequent inflammation, fibrosis, and eventual cirrhosis of the liver tissue. A breakdown of peripheral hepatic immune tolerance is a key feature of these diseases. Regulatory T cells (Tregs) are a major anti-inflammatory immune cell subset, and their quantities and functional capacity are impaired in autoimmune liver diseases. Tregs can undergo phenotypic reprogramming towards pro-inflammatory Th1 and Th17 profiles. The inflamed hepatic microenvironment influences and can impede normal Treg suppressive functions. Mast cell (MC) infiltration increases during liver inflammation, and active MCs have been shown to be an important source of pro-inflammatory mediators, thus driving pathogenesis. By influencing the microenvironment, MCs can indirectly manipulate Treg functions and inhibit their suppressive and proliferative activity. In addition, direct cell-to-cell interactions have been identified between MCs and Tregs. It is critical to consider the effects of MCs on the inflammatory milieu of the liver and their influence on Treg functions. This review will focus on the roles and crosstalk of Tregs and MCs during autoimmune cholangiopathy pathogenesis progression.
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18
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Meghnem D, Leong E, Pinelli M, Marshall JS, Di Cara F. Peroxisomes Regulate Cellular Free Fatty Acids to Modulate Mast Cell TLR2, TLR4, and IgE-Mediated Activation. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:856243. [PMID: 35756999 PMCID: PMC9215104 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.856243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Mast cells are specialized, tissue resident, immune effector cells able to respond to a wide range of stimuli. MCs are involved in the regulation of a variety of physiological functions, including vasodilation, angiogenesis and pathogen elimination. In addition, MCs recruit and regulate the functions of many immune cells such as dendritic cells, macrophages, T cells, B cells and eosinophils through their selective production of multiple cytokines and chemokines. MCs generate and release multi-potent molecules, such as histamine, proteases, prostanoids, leukotrienes, heparin, and many cytokines, chemokines, and growth factors through both degranulation dependent and independent pathways. Recent studies suggested that metabolic shifts dictate the activation and granule content secretion by MCs, however the metabolic signaling promoting these events is at its infancy. Lipid metabolism is recognized as a pivotal immunometabolic regulator during immune cell activation. Peroxisomes are organelles found across all eukaryotes, with a pivotal role in lipid metabolism and the detoxification of reactive oxygen species. Peroxisomes are one of the emerging axes in immunometabolism. Here we identified the peroxisome as an essential player in MCs activation. We determined that lack of functional peroxisomes in murine MCs causes a significant reduction of interleukin-6, Tumor necrosis factor and InterleukinL-13 following immunoglobulin IgE-mediated and Toll like receptor 2 and 4 activation compared to the Wild type (WT) BMMCs. We linked these defects in cytokine release to defects in free fatty acids homeostasis. In conclusion, our study identified the importance of peroxisomal fatty acids homeostasis in regulating mast cell-mediated immune functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dihia Meghnem
- Dalhousie Human Immunology and Inflammation Group, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, Nova Scotia Health Authority IWK, Halifax, NS, Canada
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Edwin Leong
- Department of Pathology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Marinella Pinelli
- Department of Pediatrics, Nova Scotia Health Authority IWK, Halifax, NS, Canada
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Jean S. Marshall
- Dalhousie Human Immunology and Inflammation Group, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
- Department of Pathology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
- *Correspondence: Jean S. Marshall, ; Francesca Di Cara,
| | - Francesca Di Cara
- Department of Pediatrics, Nova Scotia Health Authority IWK, Halifax, NS, Canada
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
- *Correspondence: Jean S. Marshall, ; Francesca Di Cara,
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Song P, Peng G, Yue H, Ogawa T, Ikeda S, Okumura K, Ogawa H, Niyonsaba F. Candidalysin, a Virulence Factor of Candida albicans, Stimulates Mast Cells by Mediating Cross-Talk Between Signaling Pathways Activated by the Dectin-1 Receptor and MAPKs. J Clin Immunol 2022; 42:1009-1025. [PMID: 35420364 DOI: 10.1007/s10875-022-01267-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Although mast cells (MCs) modulate the activity of effector cells during Candida albicans infection, their role in the pathogenesis of candidiasis remains unclear. Candidalysin, a C. albicans-derived peptide toxin, is a crucial factor in fungal infections. We aimed to investigate the effect of candidalysin on MC activation and the underlying molecular mechanism. METHODS Serum from candidalysin-immunized mice was used to measure candidalysin expression in patients infected with C. albicans. MC degranulation and migration were evaluated by β-hexosaminidase release assay and chemotaxis assay, respectively. EIA and ELISA were used to evaluate the production of eicosanoids and cytokines/chemokines, respectively. The production of nitric oxide (NO) was measured with a DAF-FM diacetate kit, while reactive oxygen species (ROS) production was analyzed by flow cytometry. MAPK activation was evaluated by Western blotting. RESULTS We detected high candidalysin expression in the lesions of patients infected with C. albicans, and the MC number was increased in these lesions. LL-37 colocalized with MCs in the lesions of candidiasis patients. Candidalysin-enhanced MC accumulation in mice and treating LAD2 and HMC-1 cells with candidalysin induced their degranulation, migration, and production of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines/chemokines, eicosanoids, ROS, NO, and LL-37. Interestingly, C. albicans strains lacking candidalysin failed to induce MC activation. Moreover, candidalysin increased dectin-1 expression, and the inhibition of dectin-1 decreased MC activation. Downstream dectin-1 signaling involved the MAPK pathways. CONCLUSION The finding that candidalysin causes cutaneous MC activation may improve our understanding of the role of MCs in the pathology of cutaneous C. albicans infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pu Song
- Atopy (Allergy) Research Center, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shannxi, China
| | - Ge Peng
- Atopy (Allergy) Research Center, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hainan Yue
- Atopy (Allergy) Research Center, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takasuke Ogawa
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shigaku Ikeda
- Atopy (Allergy) Research Center, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ko Okumura
- Atopy (Allergy) Research Center, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hideoki Ogawa
- Atopy (Allergy) Research Center, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - François Niyonsaba
- Atopy (Allergy) Research Center, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
- Faculty of International Liberal Arts, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan.
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20
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Li R, Liu K, Huang X, Li D, Ding J, Liu B, Chen X. Bioactive Materials Promote Wound Healing through Modulation of Cell Behaviors. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 9:e2105152. [PMID: 35138042 PMCID: PMC8981489 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202105152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Revised: 12/24/2021] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Skin wound repair is a multistage process involving multiple cellular and molecular interactions, which modulate the cell behaviors and dynamic remodeling of extracellular matrices to maximize regeneration and repair. Consequently, abnormalities in cell functions or pathways inevitably give rise to side effects, such as dysregulated inflammation, hyperplasia of nonmigratory epithelial cells, and lack of response to growth factors, which impedes angiogenesis and fibrosis. These issues may cause delayed wound healing or even non-healing states. Current clinical therapeutic approaches are predominantly dedicated to preventing infections and alleviating topical symptoms rather than addressing the modulation of wound microenvironments to achieve targeted outcomes. Bioactive materials, relying on their chemical, physical, and biological properties or as carriers of bioactive substances, can affect wound microenvironments and promote wound healing at the molecular level. By addressing the mechanisms of wound healing from the perspective of cell behaviors, this review discusses how bioactive materials modulate the microenvironments and cell behaviors within the wounds during the stages of hemostasis, anti-inflammation, tissue regeneration and deposition, and matrix remodeling. A deeper understanding of cell behaviors during wound healing is bound to promote the development of more targeted and efficient bioactive materials for clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruotao Li
- Department of Hand and Foot SurgeryThe First Hospital of Jilin University1 Xinmin StreetChangchun130065P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Polymer EcomaterialsChangchun Institute of Applied ChemistryChinese Academy of Sciences5625 Renmin StreetChangchun130022P. R. China
| | - Kai Liu
- Department of Hand and Foot SurgeryThe First Hospital of Jilin University1 Xinmin StreetChangchun130065P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Polymer EcomaterialsChangchun Institute of Applied ChemistryChinese Academy of Sciences5625 Renmin StreetChangchun130022P. R. China
| | - Xu Huang
- Key Laboratory of Polymer EcomaterialsChangchun Institute of Applied ChemistryChinese Academy of Sciences5625 Renmin StreetChangchun130022P. R. China
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic SurgeryThe First Hospital of Jilin University1 Xinmin StreetChangchun130065P. R. China
| | - Di Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic SurgeryThe First Hospital of Jilin University1 Xinmin StreetChangchun130065P. R. China
| | - Jianxun Ding
- Key Laboratory of Polymer EcomaterialsChangchun Institute of Applied ChemistryChinese Academy of Sciences5625 Renmin StreetChangchun130022P. R. China
| | - Bin Liu
- Department of Hand and Foot SurgeryThe First Hospital of Jilin University1 Xinmin StreetChangchun130065P. R. China
| | - Xuesi Chen
- Key Laboratory of Polymer EcomaterialsChangchun Institute of Applied ChemistryChinese Academy of Sciences5625 Renmin StreetChangchun130022P. R. China
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21
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Banafea GH, Bakhashab S, Alshaibi HF, Natesan Pushparaj P, Rasool M. The role of human mast cells in allergy and asthma. Bioengineered 2022; 13:7049-7064. [PMID: 35266441 PMCID: PMC9208518 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2022.2044278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Mast cells are tissue-inhabiting cells that play an important role in inflammatory diseases of the airway tract. Mast cells arise in the bone marrow as progenitor cells and complete their differentiation in tissues exposed to the external environment, such as the skin and respiratory tract, and are among the first to respond to bacterial and parasitic infections. Mast cells express a variety of receptors that enable them to respond to a wide range of stimulants, including the high-affinity FcεRI receptor. Upon initial contact with an antigen, mast cells are sensitized with IgE to recognize the allergen upon further contact. FcεRI-activated mast cells are known to release histamine and proteases that contribute to asthma symptoms. They release a variety of cytokines and lipid mediators that contribute to immune cell accumulation and tissue remodeling in asthma. Mast cell mediators trigger inflammation and also have a protective effect. This review aims to update the existing knowledge on the mediators released by human FcεRI-activated mast cells, and to unravel their pathological and protective roles in asthma and allergy. In addition, we highlight other diseases that arise from mast cell dysfunction, the therapeutic approaches used to address them, and fill the gaps in our current knowledge. Mast cell mediators not only trigger inflammation but may also have a protective effect. Given the differences between human and animal mast cells, this review focuses on the mediators released by human FcεRI-activated mast cells and the role they play in asthma and allergy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghalya H Banafea
- Biochemistry Department, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sherin Bakhashab
- Biochemistry Department, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Huda F Alshaibi
- Biochemistry Department, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Peter Natesan Pushparaj
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.,Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mahmood Rasool
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.,Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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22
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Iuliano C, Absmaier-Kijak M, Sinnberg T, Hoffard N, Hils M, Köberle M, Wölbing F, Shumilina E, Heise N, Fehrenbacher B, Schaller M, Lang F, Kaesler S, Biedermann T. Fetal Tissue-Derived Mast Cells (MC) as Experimental Surrogate for In Vivo Connective Tissue MC. Cells 2022; 11:cells11060928. [PMID: 35326379 PMCID: PMC8946182 DOI: 10.3390/cells11060928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone-marrow-derived mast cells are matured from bone marrow cells in medium containing 20% fetal calf serum (FCS), interleukin (IL)-3 and stem-cell factor (SCF) and are used as in vitro models to study mast cells (MC) and their role in health and disease. In vivo, however, BM-derived hematopoietic stem cells account for only a fraction of MC; the majority of MC in vivo are and remain tissue resident. In this study we established a side-by-side culture with BMMC, fetal skin MC (FSMC) or fetal liver MC (FLMC) for comparative studies to identify the best surrogates for mature connective tissue MC (CTMC). All three MC types showed comparable morphology by histology and MC phenotype by flow cytometry. Heterogeneity was detected in the transcriptome with the most differentially expressed genes in FSMC compared to BMMC being Hdc and Tpsb2. Expression of ST2 was highly expressed in BMMC and FSMC and reduced in FLMC, diminishing their secretion of type 2 cytokines. Higher granule content, stronger response to FcεRI activation and significantly higher release of histamine from FSMC compared to FLMC and BMMC indicated differences in MC development in vitro dependent on the tissue of origin. Thus, tissues of origin imprint MC precursor cells to acquire distinct phenotypes and signatures despite identical culture conditions. Fetal-derived MC resemble mature CTMC, with FSMC being the most developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caterina Iuliano
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, School of Medicine, Technical University Munich, Biedersteiner Str. 29, 80802 Munich, Germany; (C.I.); (M.A.-K.); (N.H.); (M.H.); (M.K.); (F.W.)
| | - Magdalena Absmaier-Kijak
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, School of Medicine, Technical University Munich, Biedersteiner Str. 29, 80802 Munich, Germany; (C.I.); (M.A.-K.); (N.H.); (M.H.); (M.K.); (F.W.)
| | - Tobias Sinnberg
- Department of Dermatology, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany; (T.S.); (B.F.); (M.S.)
| | - Nils Hoffard
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, School of Medicine, Technical University Munich, Biedersteiner Str. 29, 80802 Munich, Germany; (C.I.); (M.A.-K.); (N.H.); (M.H.); (M.K.); (F.W.)
| | - Miriam Hils
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, School of Medicine, Technical University Munich, Biedersteiner Str. 29, 80802 Munich, Germany; (C.I.); (M.A.-K.); (N.H.); (M.H.); (M.K.); (F.W.)
| | - Martin Köberle
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, School of Medicine, Technical University Munich, Biedersteiner Str. 29, 80802 Munich, Germany; (C.I.); (M.A.-K.); (N.H.); (M.H.); (M.K.); (F.W.)
| | - Florian Wölbing
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, School of Medicine, Technical University Munich, Biedersteiner Str. 29, 80802 Munich, Germany; (C.I.); (M.A.-K.); (N.H.); (M.H.); (M.K.); (F.W.)
| | - Ekaterina Shumilina
- Department of Physiology, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany; (E.S.); (N.H.); (F.L.)
| | - Nicole Heise
- Department of Physiology, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany; (E.S.); (N.H.); (F.L.)
| | - Birgit Fehrenbacher
- Department of Dermatology, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany; (T.S.); (B.F.); (M.S.)
| | - Martin Schaller
- Department of Dermatology, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany; (T.S.); (B.F.); (M.S.)
| | - Florian Lang
- Department of Physiology, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany; (E.S.); (N.H.); (F.L.)
| | - Susanne Kaesler
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, School of Medicine, Technical University Munich, Biedersteiner Str. 29, 80802 Munich, Germany; (C.I.); (M.A.-K.); (N.H.); (M.H.); (M.K.); (F.W.)
- Correspondence: (S.K.); (T.B.); Tel.: +49-89-4141-3170 (S.K. & T.B.); Fax: 49-89-4141-3171 (S.K. & T.B.)
| | - Tilo Biedermann
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, School of Medicine, Technical University Munich, Biedersteiner Str. 29, 80802 Munich, Germany; (C.I.); (M.A.-K.); (N.H.); (M.H.); (M.K.); (F.W.)
- Correspondence: (S.K.); (T.B.); Tel.: +49-89-4141-3170 (S.K. & T.B.); Fax: 49-89-4141-3171 (S.K. & T.B.)
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23
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Luo X, Chen J, Yang H, Hu X, Alphonse MP, Shen Y, Kawakami Y, Zhou X, Tu W, Kawakami T, Wan M, Archer NK, Wang H, Gao P. Dendritic cell immunoreceptor drives atopic dermatitis by modulating oxidized CaMKII-involved mast cell activation. JCI Insight 2022; 7:152559. [PMID: 35113811 PMCID: PMC8983143 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.152559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Allergens have been identified as potential triggers in patients with atopic dermatitis (AD). AD patients are highly sensitive to cockroach allergen. The underlying mechanism, however, remains undetermined. Here, we established a cockroach allergen-induced AD-like mouse model and demonstrated that repeated exposure to cockroach allergen led to aggravated mouse skin inflammation, characterized by increased type 2 immunity, type 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s), and mast cells. Increased skin mast cells were also observed in AD patients. AD mice with mast cell-deficient mice (kitW-sh/W-sh) showed diminished skin inflammation, suggesting that mast cells are required in allergen-induced skin inflammation. Furthermore, dendritic cell immuno-receptor (DCIR) is up-regulated in skin mast cells of AD patients and mediates allergen binding and uptake. DCIR-/- mice or reconstituted kitW-sh/W-sh mice with DCIR-/- mast cells showed a significant reduction in AD-like inflammation. Both in vitro and in vivo analyses demonstrated that DCIR-/- mast cells had reduced IgE-mediated mast cell activation and passive cutaneous anaphylaxis. Mechanistically, DCIR regulates allergen-induced IgE-mediated mast cell ROS generation and oxidation of calmodulin kinase II (ox-CaMKII). ROS-resistant CaMKII (MM-VVδ) prevents allergen-induced mast cell activation and inflammatory mediator release. Our study reveals a previously unrecognized DCIR-ROS-CaMKII axis that controls allergen-induced mast cell activation and AD-like inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Luo
- Pediatric Dermatology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jingsi Chen
- Pediatric Dermatology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Huan Yang
- Pediatric Dermatology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xinyue Hu
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, United States of America
| | - Martin P Alphonse
- Department of Dermatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, United States of America
| | - Yingchun Shen
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, United States of America
| | - Yuko Kawakami
- Division of Cell Biology, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, United States of America
| | - Xiaoying Zhou
- Pediatric Dermatology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Wei Tu
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, United States of America
| | - Toshiaki Kawakami
- Division of Cell Biology, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, United States of America
| | - Mei Wan
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, United States of America
| | - Nathan K Archer
- Department of Dermatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, United States of America
| | - Hua Wang
- Pediatric Dermatology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Peisong Gao
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, United States of America
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García-Henández AL, Serrano-Bello J, Alvarez-Perez MA, Cifuentes-Mendiola E, González-Alva P. The immune system and its response to polymeric materials used for craniofacial regeneration. INT J POLYM MATER PO 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/00914037.2021.2021904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ana Lilia García-Henández
- Division of Postgraduate Studies and Dental Research, Faculty of Dentistry, Tissue Bioengineering Laboratory, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Janeth Serrano-Bello
- Section of Oral Immunity and Bone Regulation, Laboratory of Dental Research, FES Iztacala National Autonomous University of Mexico, CDMX, State of Mexico, Mexico
| | - Marco Antonio Alvarez-Perez
- Section of Oral Immunity and Bone Regulation, Laboratory of Dental Research, FES Iztacala National Autonomous University of Mexico, CDMX, State of Mexico, Mexico
| | - Ernesto Cifuentes-Mendiola
- Division of Postgraduate Studies and Dental Research, Faculty of Dentistry, Tissue Bioengineering Laboratory, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Patricia González-Alva
- Section of Oral Immunity and Bone Regulation, Laboratory of Dental Research, FES Iztacala National Autonomous University of Mexico, CDMX, State of Mexico, Mexico
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25
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Ozpinar EW, Frey AL, Cruse G, Freytes DO. Mast Cell-Biomaterial Interactions and Tissue Repair. TISSUE ENGINEERING. PART B, REVIEWS 2021; 27:590-603. [PMID: 33164714 PMCID: PMC8739845 DOI: 10.1089/ten.teb.2020.0275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Tissue engineers often use biomaterials to provide structural support along with mechanical and chemical signals to modulate the wound healing process. Biomaterials that are implanted into the body interact with a heterogeneous and dynamic inflammatory environment that is present at the site of injury. Whether synthetically derived, naturally derived, or a combination of both, it is important to assess biomaterials for their ability to modulate inflammation to understand their potential clinical use. One important, but underexplored cell in the context of biomaterials is the mast cell (MC). MCs are granulocytic leukocytes that engage in a variety of events in both the innate and adaptive immune systems. Although highly recognized for their roles in allergic reactions, MCs play an important role in wound healing by recognizing antigens through pattern recognition receptors and the high-affinity immunoglobulin E receptor (FceRI) and releasing granules that affect cell recruitment, fibrosis, extracellular matrix deposition, angiogenesis, and vasculogenesis. MCs also mediate the foreign body response, contributing to the incorporation or rejection of implants. Studies of MC-biomaterial interactions can aid in the elucidation of MC roles during the host tissue response and tissue repair. This review is designed for those in the tissue engineering and biomaterial fields who are interested in exploring the role MCs may play in wound-biomaterial interactions and wound healing. With this review, we hope to inspire more research in the MC-biomaterial space to accelerate the design and construction of optimized implants. Impact statement Mast cells (MCs) are highly specialized inflammatory cells that have crucial, but not fully understood, roles in wound healing and tissue repair. Upon stimulation, they recognize foreign antigens and release granules that help orchestrate the inflammatory response after tissue damage or biomaterial implantation. This review summarizes the current use of MCs in biomaterial research along with literature from the past decade focusing on MC interactions with materials used for tissue repair and regeneration. Studying MC-biomaterial interactions will help (i) further understand the process of inflammation and (ii) design biomaterials and tissue-engineered constructs for optimal repair and regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily W Ozpinar
- The Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, North Carolina State University and University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
- The Comparative Medicine Institute, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | - Ariana L Frey
- The Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, North Carolina State University and University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | - Glenn Cruse
- The Comparative Medicine Institute, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | - Donald O Freytes
- The Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, North Carolina State University and University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
- The Comparative Medicine Institute, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
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26
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Al Mamun A, Mimi AA, Aziz MA, Zaeem M, Ahmed T, Munir F, Xiao J. Role of pyroptosis in cancer and its therapeutic regulation. Eur J Pharmacol 2021; 910:174444. [PMID: 34453928 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2021.174444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Pyroptosis is mainly considered a gasdermin-regulated cell death mechanism characterized by cellular lysis and the release of several pro-inflammatory factors. Nowadays, pyroptosis has notably been gained extensive attention from clinicians and researchers. However, current studies report that downregulation of pyroptosis-mediated cell death plays a significant role in developing multiple cancers. Increasing studies also suggest that pyroptosis can impact all stages of carcinogenesis. Inducing pyroptotic cellular death could be a promising therapeutic option for managing and regulating multiple cancers in the near future. Our current review highlights the molecular and morphological features of pyroptosis and its potential roles in various cancers. In addition, we have also highlighted the biological characteristics and significances of GSDMD and GSDME and their critical functions in cancer progression, management and regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdullah Al Mamun
- Molecular Pharmacology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, Zhejiang Province, China.
| | - Anjuman Ara Mimi
- Department of Pharmacy, Daffodil International University, Dhanmondi-27, Dhaka, 1209, Bangladesh
| | - Md Abdul Aziz
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Noakhali, 3814, Bangladesh; Laboratory of Pharmacogenomics and Molecular Biology, Department of Pharmacy, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Noakhali, 3814, Bangladesh
| | - Muhammad Zaeem
- Molecular Pharmacology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Tanvir Ahmed
- Department of Nutrition, Chung Shan Medical University, 110, Section 1, Jianguo North Road, Taichung, 40201, Taiwan
| | - Fahad Munir
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Jian Xiao
- Molecular Pharmacology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, Zhejiang Province, China; Department of Hand Surgery and Peripheral Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, Zhejiang Province, China.
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Abaricia JO, Farzad N, Heath TJ, Simmons J, Morandini L, Olivares-Navarrete R. Control of innate immune response by biomaterial surface topography, energy, and stiffness. Acta Biomater 2021; 133:58-73. [PMID: 33882355 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2021.04.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 03/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
As the focus of implantable biomaterials has shifted from bioinert implants to bioactive designs, recent research has highlighted the complex interactions between cell physiologic systems and material properties, particularly physical cues. From the cells known to interact with implanted biomaterials, the response of the immune system has been a critical target of study recently. Here, we review studies characterizing the response of innate immune cells to various material cues, particularly of those at the surface of implanted materials.The innate immune system consists of cell types with various roles in inflammation. Neutrophils and macrophages serve both phagocytic and signaling roles, especially early in the inflammatory phase of biomaterial implantation. These cell types ultimately dictate the outcome of implants as chronic inflammation, fibrosis, or integration. Other cell types like dendritic cells, mast cells, natural killer cells, and innate lymphoid cells may also serve an immunomodulatory role in the biomaterial context. This review highlights recent advances in our understanding of the role of innate immunity in the response to implantable biomaterials as well as key mechanobiological findings in innate immune cells underpinning these advances. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: This review highlights recent advances in the understanding of the role of innate immunity in the response to implantable biomaterials, especially in neutrophils and macrophages, as well as key mechanobiological findings in innate immune cells underpinning these advances. Here we discuss how physicochemical properties of biomaterials control innate immune cell behavior.
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Probiotics and Trained Immunity. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11101402. [PMID: 34680035 PMCID: PMC8533468 DOI: 10.3390/biom11101402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Revised: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The characteristics of innate immunity have recently been investigated in depth in several research articles, and original findings suggest that innate immunity also has a memory capacity, which has been named “trained immunity”. This notion has revolutionized our knowledge of the innate immune response. Thus, stimulation of trained immunity represents a therapeutic alternative that is worth exploring. In this context, probiotics, live microorganisms which when administered in adequate amounts confer a health benefit on the host, represent attractive candidates for the stimulation of trained immunity; however, although numerous studies have documented the beneficial proprieties of these microorganisms, their mechanisms of action are not yet fully understood. In this review, we propose to explore the putative connection between probiotics and stimulation of trained immunity.
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Do Mast Cells Contribute to the Antifungal Host Defense? Cells 2021; 10:cells10102510. [PMID: 34685489 PMCID: PMC8534142 DOI: 10.3390/cells10102510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The fungal kingdom includes a group of microorganisms that are widely distributed in the environment, and therefore the exposure to them is almost constant. Furthermore, fungal components of the microbiome, i.e., mycobiome, could serve as a reservoir of potentially opportunistic pathogens. Despite close encounters with fungi, defense mechanisms that develop during fungal infections remain unexplored. The strategic location of mast cells (MCs) close to the external environment places them among the first cells to encounter pathogens along with the other innate immune cells. MCs are directly involved in the host defense through the ability to destroy pathogens or indirectly by activating other immune cells. Most available data present MCs’ involvement in antibacterial, antiviral, or antiparasitic defense mechanisms. However, less is known about their contribution in defense mechanisms against fungi. MCs may support immune responses to fungi or their specific molecules through initiated degranulation, synthesis and release of cytokines, chemokines, mediators, and generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), as well as immune cells’ recruitment, phagocytosis, or provision of extracellular DNA traps. This review summarizes current knowledge on host defense mechanisms against fungi and MCs’ involvement in those processes. It also describes the effects of fungi or fungus-derived constituents on MCs’ activity.
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Agier J, Brzezińska-Błaszczyk E, Różalska S, Wiktorska M, Kozłowska E, Żelechowska P. Mast cell phenotypic plasticity and their activity under the influence of cathelicidin-related antimicrobial peptide (CRAMP) and IL-33 alarmins. Cell Immunol 2021; 369:104424. [PMID: 34469845 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2021.104424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Revised: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Invading pathogens are contained/eliminated by orchestrated actions of different humoral components of the innate immune response. One of them is endogenous molecules called alarmins, which contribute to diverse processes from danger sense until the infection extinction. Considering the participation of mast cells (MCs) in many aspects of the body's defense and, on the other hand, the importance of alarmins as molecules that signal damage/danger, in this study, we evaluated the effect of alarmins on MC phenotype and activity. We found that cathelicidin CRAMP and cytokine IL-33 significantly affect the appearance of Dectin-1, Dectin-2, RIG-I, and NOD1 receptors in mature MCs and modulate their inflammatory response. We established that chosen alarmins might stimulate MCs to release pro-inflammatory and immunoregulatory mediators and induce a migratory response. In conclusion, our data highlight that alarmins CRAMP and IL-33 might strongly influence MC features and activity, mainly by strengthening their role in the inflammatory mechanisms and controlling the activity of cells participating in antimicrobial processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justyna Agier
- Department of Microbiology and Experimental Immunology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland.
| | - Ewa Brzezińska-Błaszczyk
- Department of Microbiology and Experimental Immunology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Sylwia Różalska
- Department of Industrial Microbiology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Magdalena Wiktorska
- Department of Molecular Cell Mechanisms, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Elżbieta Kozłowska
- Department of Microbiology and Experimental Immunology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Paulina Żelechowska
- Department of Microbiology and Experimental Immunology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
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Tontini C, Bulfone-Paus S. Novel Approaches in the Inhibition of IgE-Induced Mast Cell Reactivity in Food Allergy. Front Immunol 2021; 12:613461. [PMID: 34456900 PMCID: PMC8387944 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.613461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Allergy is an IgE-dependent type-I hypersensitivity reaction that can lead to life-threatening systemic symptoms such as anaphylaxis. In the pathogenesis of the allergic response, the common upstream event is the binding of allergens to specific IgE, inducing cross-linking of the high-affinity FcεRI on mast cells, triggering cellular degranulation and the release of histamine, proteases, lipids mediators, cytokines and chemokines with inflammatory activity. A number of novel therapeutic options to curb mast cell activation are in the pipeline for the treatment of severe allergies. In addition to anti-IgE therapy and allergen-specific immunotherapy, monoclonal antibodies targeted against several key Th2/alarmin cytokines (i.e. IL-4Rα, IL-33, TSLP), active modification of allergen-specific IgE (i.e. inhibitory compounds, monoclonal antibodies, de-sialylation), engagement of inhibitory receptors on mast cells and allergen-specific adjuvant vaccines, are new promising options to inhibit the uncontrolled release of mast cell mediators upon allergen exposure. In this review, we critically discuss the novel approaches targeting mast cells limiting allergic responses and the immunological mechanisms involved, with special interest on food allergy treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Tontini
- Lydia Becker Institute for Immunology and Inflammation, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Silvia Bulfone-Paus
- Lydia Becker Institute for Immunology and Inflammation, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
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Bufalieri F, Basili I, Di Marcotullio L, Infante P. Harnessing the Activation of RIG-I Like Receptors to Inhibit Glioblastoma Tumorigenesis. Front Mol Neurosci 2021; 14:710171. [PMID: 34305530 PMCID: PMC8295747 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2021.710171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GB) is an incurable form of brain malignancy in an adult with a median survival of less than 15 months. The current standard of care, which consists of surgical resection, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy with temozolomide, has been unsuccessful due to an extensive inter- and intra-tumoral genetic and molecular heterogeneity. This aspect represents a serious obstacle for developing alternative therapeutic options for GB. In the last years, immunotherapy has emerged as an effective treatment for a wide range of cancers and several trials have evaluated its effects in GB patients. Unfortunately, clinical outcomes were disappointing particularly because of the presence of tumor immunosuppressive microenvironment. Recently, anti-cancer approaches aimed to improve the expression and the activity of RIG-I-like receptors (RLRs) have emerged. These innovative therapeutic strategies attempt to stimulate both innate and adaptive immune responses against tumor antigens and to promote the apoptosis of cancer cells. Indeed, RLRs are important mediators of the innate immune system by triggering the type I interferon (IFN) response upon recognition of immunostimulatory RNAs. In this mini-review, we discuss the functions of RLRs family members in the control of immune response and we focus on the potential clinical application of RLRs agonists as a promising strategy for GB therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Irene Basili
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University La Sapienza, Rome, Italy
| | - Lucia Di Marcotullio
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University La Sapienza, Rome, Italy
- Laboratory affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Rome, Italy
| | - Paola Infante
- Center For Life Nano Science@Sapienza, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Rome, Italy
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Draberova L, Tumova M, Draber P. Molecular Mechanisms of Mast Cell Activation by Cholesterol-Dependent Cytolysins. Front Immunol 2021; 12:670205. [PMID: 34248949 PMCID: PMC8260682 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.670205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Mast cells are potent immune sensors of the tissue microenvironment. Within seconds of activation, they release various preformed biologically active products and initiate the process of de novo synthesis of cytokines, chemokines, and other inflammatory mediators. This process is regulated at multiple levels. Besides the extensively studied IgE and IgG receptors, toll-like receptors, MRGPR, and other protein receptor signaling pathways, there is a critical activation pathway based on cholesterol-dependent, pore-forming cytolytic exotoxins produced by Gram-positive bacterial pathogens. This pathway is initiated by binding the exotoxins to the cholesterol-rich membrane, followed by their dimerization, multimerization, pre-pore formation, and pore formation. At low sublytic concentrations, the exotoxins induce mast cell activation, including degranulation, intracellular calcium concentration changes, and transcriptional activation, resulting in production of cytokines and other inflammatory mediators. Higher toxin concentrations lead to cell death. Similar activation events are observed when mast cells are exposed to sublytic concentrations of saponins or some other compounds interfering with the membrane integrity. We review the molecular mechanisms of mast cell activation by pore-forming bacterial exotoxins, and other compounds inducing cholesterol-dependent plasma membrane perturbations. We discuss the importance of these signaling pathways in innate and acquired immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lubica Draberova
- Department of Signal Transduction, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
| | - Magda Tumova
- Department of Signal Transduction, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
| | - Petr Draber
- Department of Signal Transduction, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
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Jiménez M, Cervantes-García D, Córdova-Dávalos LE, Pérez-Rodríguez MJ, Gonzalez-Espinosa C, Salinas E. Responses of Mast Cells to Pathogens: Beneficial and Detrimental Roles. Front Immunol 2021; 12:685865. [PMID: 34211473 PMCID: PMC8240065 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.685865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Mast cells (MCs) are strategically located in tissues close to the external environment, being one of the first immune cells to interact with invading pathogens. They are long living effector cells equipped with different receptors that allow microbial recognition. Once activated, MCs release numerous biologically active mediators in the site of pathogen contact, which induce vascular endothelium modification, inflammation development and extracellular matrix remodeling. Efficient and direct antimicrobial mechanisms of MCs involve phagocytosis with oxidative and non-oxidative microbial destruction, extracellular trap formation, and the release of antimicrobial substances. MCs also contribute to host defense through the attraction and activation of phagocytic and inflammatory cells, shaping the innate and adaptive immune responses. However, as part of their response to pathogens and under an impaired, sustained, or systemic activation, MCs may contribute to tissue damage. This review will focus on the current knowledge about direct and indirect contribution of MCs to pathogen clearance. Antimicrobial mechanisms of MCs are addressed with special attention to signaling pathways involved and molecular weapons implicated. The role of MCs in a dysregulated host response that can increase morbidity and mortality is also reviewed and discussed, highlighting the complexity of MCs biology in the context of host-pathogen interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariela Jiménez
- Laboratory of Immunology, Department of Microbiology, Universidad Autónoma de Aguascalientes, Aguascalientes, Mexico
| | - Daniel Cervantes-García
- Laboratory of Immunology, Department of Microbiology, Universidad Autónoma de Aguascalientes, Aguascalientes, Mexico.,Cátedras CONACYT, National Council of Science and Technology, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Laura E Córdova-Dávalos
- Laboratory of Immunology, Department of Microbiology, Universidad Autónoma de Aguascalientes, Aguascalientes, Mexico
| | - Marian Jesabel Pérez-Rodríguez
- Department of Pharmacobiology, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados (Cinvestav), Unidad Sede Sur, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Claudia Gonzalez-Espinosa
- Department of Pharmacobiology, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados (Cinvestav), Unidad Sede Sur, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Eva Salinas
- Laboratory of Immunology, Department of Microbiology, Universidad Autónoma de Aguascalientes, Aguascalientes, Mexico
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35
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Yu M, Song XT, Liu B, Luan TT, Liao SL, Zhao ZT. The Emerging Role of Mast Cells in Response to Fungal Infection. Front Immunol 2021; 12:688659. [PMID: 34149729 PMCID: PMC8209461 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.688659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Mast cells (MCs) have been considered as the core effector cells of allergic diseases. However, there are evidence suggesting that MCs are involved in the mechanisms of fungal infection. MCs are mostly located in the border between host and environment and thus may have easy contact with the external environmental pathogens. These cells express receptors which can recognize pathogen-associated molecular patterns such as Toll-like receptors (TLR2/4) and C-type Lectins receptors (Dectin-1/2). Currently, more and more data indicate that MCs can be interacted with some fungi (Candida albicans, Aspergillus fumigatus and Sporothrix schenckii). It is demonstrated that MCs can enhance immunity through triggered degranulation, secretion of cytokines and chemokines, neutrophil recruitment, or provision of extracellular DNA traps in response to the stimulation by fungi. In contrast, the involvement of MCs in some immune responses may lead to more severe symptoms, such as intestinal barrier function loss, development of allergic bronchial pulmonary aspergillosis and increased area of inflammatory in S. schenckii infection. This suggests that MCs and their relevant signaling pathways are potential treatment regimens to prevent the clinically unwanted consequences. However, it is not yet possible to make definitive statements about the role of MCs during fungal infection and/or pathomechanisms of fungal diseases. In our article, we aim to review the function of MCs in fungal infections from molecular mechanism to signaling pathways, and illustrate the role of MCs in some common host-fungi interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao Yu
- Department of Dermatology and Venerology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Diagnosis on Dermatoses, Beijing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Skin and Immune Diseases, Beijing, China
- Peking University School of Nursing, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao-ting Song
- Department of Dermatology and Venerology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Diagnosis on Dermatoses, Beijing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Skin and Immune Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Bo Liu
- Department of Dermatology and Venerology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Diagnosis on Dermatoses, Beijing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Skin and Immune Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Ting-ting Luan
- Department of Dermatology and Venerology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Diagnosis on Dermatoses, Beijing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Skin and Immune Diseases, Beijing, China
- Peking University School of Nursing, Beijing, China
| | - Shuang-lu Liao
- Department of Dermatology and Venerology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Diagnosis on Dermatoses, Beijing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Skin and Immune Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Zuo-tao Zhao
- Department of Dermatology and Venerology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Diagnosis on Dermatoses, Beijing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Skin and Immune Diseases, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Zuo-tao Zhao,
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Saeedi-Boroujeni A, Mahmoudian-Sani MR, Nashibi R, Houshmandfar S, Tahmaseby Gandomkari S, Khodadadi A. Tranilast: a potential anti-Inflammatory and NLRP3 inflammasome inhibitor drug for COVID-19. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol 2021; 43:247-258. [PMID: 34015982 PMCID: PMC8146296 DOI: 10.1080/08923973.2021.1925293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 is a type of beta-CoV that develops acute pneumonia, which is an inflammatory condition. A cytokine storm has been recognized as one of the leading causes of death in patients with COVID-19. ALI and ARDS along with multiple organ failure have also been presented as the consequences of acute inflammation and cytokine storm. It has been previously confirmed that SARS-CoV, as another member of the beta-CoV family, activates NLRP3 inflammasome and consequently develops acute inflammation in a variety of ways through having complex interactions with the host immune system using structural and nonstructural proteins. Numerous studies conducted on Tranilast have further demonstrated that the given drug can act as an effective anti-chemotactic factor on controlling inflammation, and thus, it can possibly help the improvement of the acute form of COVID-19 by inhibiting some key inflammation-associated transcription factors such as NF-κB and impeding NLRP3 inflammasome. Several studies have comparably revealed the direct effect of this drug on the prevention of inappropriate tissue's remodeling; inhibition of neutrophils, IL-5, and eosinophils; repression of inflammatory cell infiltration into inflammation site; restriction of factors involved in acute airway inflammation like IL-33; and suppression of cytokine IL-13, which increase mucosal secretions. Therefore, Tranilast may be considered as a potential treatment for patients with the acute form of COVID-19 along with other drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Saeedi-Boroujeni
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
- Abadan School of Medical Sciences, Abadan, Iran
- Immunology Today, Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad-Reza Mahmoudian-Sani
- Thalassemia and Hemoglobinopathy Research Center, Health Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Roohangiz Nashibi
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Health Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
- Infectious Diseases & Tropical Medicine Ward, Razi Teaching Hospital, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Sheyda Houshmandfar
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Sima Tahmaseby Gandomkari
- Thalassemia and Hemoglobinopathy Research Center, Health Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Ali Khodadadi
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
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Crawford L, Wyatt M, Bryers J, Ratner B. Biocompatibility Evolves: Phenomenology to Toxicology to Regeneration. Adv Healthc Mater 2021; 10:e2002153. [PMID: 33829678 PMCID: PMC8221530 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202002153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Revised: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The word "biocompatibility," is inconsistent with the observations of healing for so-called biocompatible biomaterials. The vast majority of the millions of medical implants in humans today, presumably "biocompatible," are walled off by a dense, avascular, crosslinked collagen capsule, hardly suggestive of life or compatibility. In contrast, one is now seeing examples of implant biomaterials that lead to a vascularized reconstruction of localized tissue, a biological reaction different from traditional biocompatible materials that generate a foreign body capsule. Both the encapsulated biomaterials and the reconstructive biomaterials qualify as "biocompatible" by present day measurements of biocompatibility. Yet, this new generation of materials would seem to heal "compatibly" with the living organism, where older biomaterials are isolated from the living organism by the dense capsule. This review/perspective article will explore this biocompatibility etymological conundrum by reviewing the history of the concepts around biocompatibility, today's standard methods for assessing biocompatibility, a contemporary view of the foreign body reaction and finally, a compendium of new biomaterials that heal without the foreign body capsule. A new definition of biocompatibility is offered here to address advances in biomaterials design leading to biomaterials that heal into the body in a facile manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lars Crawford
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Meghan Wyatt
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - James Bryers
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Buddy Ratner
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
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IgE-activated mast cells enhance TLR4-mediated antigen-specific CD4 + T cell responses. Sci Rep 2021; 11:9686. [PMID: 33958642 PMCID: PMC8102524 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-88956-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Mast cells are potent mediators of allergy and asthma, yet their role in regulating adaptive immunity remains ambiguous. On the surface of mast cells, the crosslinking of IgE bound to FcεRI by a specific antigen recognized by that IgE triggers the release of immune mediators such as histamine and cytokines capable of activating other immune cells; however, little is known about the mast cell contribution to the induction of endogenous, antigen-specific CD4+ T cells. Here we examined the effects of specific mast cell activation in vivo on the initiation of an antigen-specific CD4+ T cell response. While CD4+ T cells were not enhanced by FcεRI stimulation alone, their activation was synergistically enhanced when FcεRI activation was combined with TLR4 stimulation. This enhanced activation was dependent on global TLR4 stimulation but appeared to be less dependent on mast cell expressed TLR4. This study provides important new evidence to support the role of mast cells as mediators of the antigen-specific adaptive immune response.
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39
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Lousada MB, Lachnit T, Edelkamp J, Rouillé T, Ajdic D, Uchida Y, Di Nardo A, Bosch TCG, Paus R. Exploring the human hair follicle microbiome. Br J Dermatol 2021; 184:802-815. [PMID: 32762039 DOI: 10.1111/bjd.19461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Human hair follicles (HFs) carry complex microbial communities that differ from the skin surface microbiota. This likely reflects that the HF epithelium differs from the epidermal barrier in that it provides a moist, less acidic, and relatively ultraviolet light-protected environment, part of which is immune-privileged, thus facilitating microbial survival. Here we review the current understanding of the human HF microbiome and its potential physiological and pathological functions, including in folliculitis, acne vulgaris, hidradenitis suppurativa, alopecia areata and cicatricial alopecias. While reviewing the main human HF bacteria (such as Propionibacteria, Corynebacteria, Staphylococci and Streptococci), viruses, fungi and parasites as human HF microbiome constituents, we advocate a broad view of the HF as an integral part of the human holobiont. Specifically, we explore how the human HF may manage its microbiome via the regulated production of antimicrobial peptides (such as cathelicidin, psoriasin, RNAse7 and dermcidin) by HF keratinocytes, how the microbiome may impact on cytokine and chemokine release from the HF, and examine hair growth-modulatory effects of antibiotics, and ask whether the microbiome affects hair growth in turn. We highlight major open questions and potential novel approaches to the management of hair diseases by targeting the HF microbiome.
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Affiliation(s)
- M B Lousada
- Monasterium Laboratory, Münster, Germany
- Zoological Institute, Christian-Albrechts University Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - T Lachnit
- Zoological Institute, Christian-Albrechts University Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - J Edelkamp
- Monasterium Laboratory, Münster, Germany
| | - T Rouillé
- Monasterium Laboratory, Münster, Germany
| | - D Ajdic
- Dr. Phillip Frost Department of Dermatology & Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Y Uchida
- Monasterium Laboratory, Münster, Germany
| | - A Di Nardo
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - T C G Bosch
- Zoological Institute, Christian-Albrechts University Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - R Paus
- Monasterium Laboratory, Münster, Germany
- Dr. Phillip Frost Department of Dermatology & Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
- Centre for Dermatology Research, School of Biological Sciences, University of Manchester & NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Manchester, UK
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40
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Żelechowska P, Brzezińska-Błaszczyk E, Różalska S, Agier J, Kozłowska E. Mannan activates tissue native and IgE-sensitized mast cells to proinflammatory response and chemotaxis in TLR4-dependent manner. J Leukoc Biol 2021; 109:931-942. [PMID: 33047839 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.4a0720-452r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Revised: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Mast cells take part in host defense against microorganisms as they are numerous at the portal of infection, exert several essential mechanisms of pathogen destruction, and they express pattern recognition receptors. Accumulating evidence indicates that these cells are involved in the control and clearance of bacterial, viral, or parasitic infections, but much less is known about their contribution in defense against fungi. The study was aimed to establish whether mannan, which comprises an outermost layer and major structural constituent of the fungal cell wall, may directly stimulate tissue mast cells to the antifungal response. Our findings indicate that mannan activates mast cells isolated from the rat peritoneal cavity to initiate the proinflammatory response. We found that mannan stimulates mast cells to release histamine and to generate cysteinyl leukotrienes, cytokines (IFN-γ, GM-CSF, TNF), and chemokines (CCL2, CCL3). It also increased the mRNA expression of various cytokines/chemokines. We also documented that mannan strongly activates mast cells to generate reactive oxygen species and serves as a potent chemoattractant for these cells. Furthermore, we established that mannan-induced activity of mast cells is mediated via TLR4 with the involvement of the spleen tyrosine kinase molecule. Taking together, our results clearly support the idea that mast cells act as sentinel cells and crucially determine the course of the immune response during fungal infection. Additionally, presented data on IgE-coated mast cells suggest that exposure to fungal mannan could influence the severity of IgE-dependent diseases, including allergic ones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulina Żelechowska
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Ewa Brzezińska-Błaszczyk
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Sylwia Różalska
- Department of Industrial Microbiology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Justyna Agier
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Elżbieta Kozłowska
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
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41
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Żelechowska P, Brzezińska-Błaszczyk E, Różalska S, Agier J, Kozłowska E. Native and IgE-primed rat peritoneal mast cells exert pro-inflammatory activity and migrate in response to yeast zymosan upon Dectin-1 engagement. Immunol Res 2021; 69:176-188. [PMID: 33704666 PMCID: PMC8106611 DOI: 10.1007/s12026-021-09183-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Mast cells (MCs) play an essential role in host defense, primarily because of their location, their ability to pathogen destruction via several mechanisms, and the pattern recognition receptors they express. Even though most data is available regarding MC activation by various bacteria- or virus-derived molecules, those cells' activity in response to constituents associated with fungi is not recognized enough. Our research aimed to address whether Saccharomyces cerevisiae-derived zymosan, i.e., β-(1,3)-glucan containing mannan particles, impacts MC activity aspects. Overall, the obtained results indicate that zymosan has the potential to elicit a pro-inflammatory response of rat peritoneal MCs. For the first time ever, we provided evidence that zymosan induces fully mature MC migration, even in the absence of extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins. Moreover, the zymosan-induced migratory response of MCs is almost entirely a result of directional migration, i.e., chemotaxis. We found that zymosan stimulates MCs to degranulate and generate lipid mediators (cysLTs), cytokines (IFN-α, IFN-β, IFN-γ, GM-CSF, TNF), and chemokine (CCL2). Zymosan also upregulated mRNA transcripts for several cytokines/chemokines with pro-inflammatory/immunoregulatory activity. Moreover, we documented that zymosan activates MCs to produce reactive oxygen species (ROS). Lastly, we established that the zymosan-induced MC response is mediated through activation of the Dectin-1 receptor. In general, our results strongly support the notion that MCs contribute to innate antifungal immunity and bring us closer to elucidate their role in host-pathogenic fungi interactions. Besides, provided findings on IgE-sensitized MCs appear to indicate that exposure to fungal zymosan could affect the severity of IgE-dependent disorders, including allergic ones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulina Żelechowska
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Lodz, Pomorska 251, 92-213, Lodz, Poland.
| | - Ewa Brzezińska-Błaszczyk
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Lodz, Pomorska 251, 92-213, Lodz, Poland
| | - Sylwia Różalska
- Department of Industrial Microbiology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Banacha 12/16, 90-237, Lodz, Poland
| | - Justyna Agier
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Lodz, Pomorska 251, 92-213, Lodz, Poland
| | - Elżbieta Kozłowska
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Lodz, Pomorska 251, 92-213, Lodz, Poland
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42
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Paivandy A, Pejler G. Novel Strategies to Target Mast Cells in Disease. J Innate Immun 2021; 13:131-147. [PMID: 33582673 DOI: 10.1159/000513582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Mast cells (MCs) are versatile effector cells of the immune system, characterized by a large content of secretory granules containing a variety of inflammatory mediators. They are implicated in the host protection toward various external insults, but are mostly well known for their detrimental impact on a variety of pathological conditions, including allergic disorders such as asthma and a range of additional disease settings. Based on this, there is currently a large demand for therapeutic regimens that can dampen the detrimental impact of MCs in these respective pathological conditions. This can be accomplished by several strategies, including targeting of individual mediators released by MCs, blockade of receptors for MC-released compounds, inhibition of MC activation, limiting mast cell growth or by inducing mast cell apoptosis. Here, we review the currently available and emerging regimens to interfere with harmful mast cell activities in asthma and other pathological settings and discuss the advantages and limitations of such strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aida Paivandy
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden,
| | - Gunnar Pejler
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.,Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Biochemistry, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
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Authentic and Ectopically Expressed MRGPRX2 Elicit Similar Mechanisms to Stimulate Degranulation of Mast Cells. Cells 2021; 10:cells10020376. [PMID: 33673037 PMCID: PMC7918488 DOI: 10.3390/cells10020376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The identification of the Mas-related G-protein-coupled receptors (Mrgpr) as targets of diverse stimuli of mast cells (MCs), including neuropeptides and pseudo-allergy causing drugs, has placed these receptors at a prime position in MC research. However, the species-dependent diversity of these receptors raises the need for an adequate model for investigating the human MRGPRX2 receptor. RBL-2H3 cells, stably transfected with MRGPRX2 (RBL-MRGPRX2), are increasingly used for this purpose. Therefore, we investigated whether ectopically expressed MRGPRX2, in rat MCs, recapitulates its authentic signaling. To this purpose, we performed a broad comparative study of the responses of human LAD-2 MCs that express MRGPRX2 endogenously, and RBL-MRGPRX2 cells to compound 48/80, substance P and vancomycin, three proto-type ligands of MRGPRX2. We demonstrate that both models share similar dose-response relationships, kinetics and sensitivities to a wide range of signaling targeting drugs. Therefore, our results indicate that ectopically expressed MRGPRX2 preserves the signaling pathways employed to evoke human MC degranulation, which we show to rely on ERK1/2 MAP kinases, phospholipase C (PLC) and autophagy-related signaling. Importantly, we also show that the underlying mechanisms of MRGPRX2-triggered MC degranulation in either LAD-2 or RBL-MRGPRX2 cells are different from those elicited by its rodent orthologs.
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44
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Höpfinger A, Karrasch T, Schäffler A, Schmid A. Regulation of CAMP (cathelicidin antimicrobial peptide) expression in adipocytes by TLR 2 and 4. Innate Immun 2021; 27:184-191. [PMID: 33509002 PMCID: PMC7882808 DOI: 10.1177/1753425920988167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent data argue for a pro-inflammatory role of CAMP (cathelicidin antimicrobial peptide) in adipocytes and adipose tissue (AT) and for regulatory circuits involving TLRs. In order to investigate regulatory effects of TLR2 and TLR4, 3T3-L1 adipocytes were stimulated with TLR2 agonistic lipopeptide MALP-2 and with TLR4 agonist LPS in presence or absence of signal transduction inhibitors. CAMP gene expression was analysed by quantitative real-time PCR in adipocytes and in murine AT compartments and cellular subfractions. CAMP expression was higher in gonadal than in subcutaneous AT and there was a gender-specific effect with higher levels in males. Adipocytes had higher CAMP expression than the stroma-vascular cell (SVC) fraction. MALP-2 up-regulated CAMP expression significantly, mediated by STAT3 and PI3K and potentially (non-significant trend) by NF-κB and MAPK, but not by raf-activated MEK-1/-2. Moreover, LPS proved to act as a potent inducer of CAMP via NF-κB, PI3K and STAT3, whereas specific inhibition of MAPK and MEK-1/-2 had no effect. In conclusion, activation of TLR2 and TLR4 by classical ligands up-regulates adipocyte CAMP expression involving classical signal transduction elements. These might represent future drug targets for pharmacological modulation of CAMP expression in adipocytes, especially in the context of metabolic and infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Thomas Karrasch
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University of Giessen, Germany
| | | | - Andreas Schmid
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University of Giessen, Germany
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45
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Zebardast A, Tehrani SS, Latifi T, Sadeghi F. Critical review of Epstein-Barr virus microRNAs relation with EBV-associated gastric cancer. J Cell Physiol 2021; 236:6136-6153. [PMID: 33507558 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Revised: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-associated gastric cancer (EBVaGC) is regarded as the most prevalent malignant tumor triggered by EBV infection. In recent years, increasing attention has been considered to recognize more about the disease process's exact mechanisms. There is accumulating evidence that showing epigenetic modifications play critical roles in the EBVaGC pathogenesis. MicroRNAs (miRNAs), as critical epigenetic modulators, are single-strand short noncoding RNA (length ~ <200 bp), which regulate gene expression through binding to the 3'-untranslated region (3'-UTR) of target RNA transcripts and either degrade or repress their activities. In the latest research on EBV, it was found that this virus could encode miRNAs. Mechanistically, EBV-encoded miRNAs are involved in carcinogenesis and the progression of EBV-associated malignancies. Moreover, these miRNAs implicated in immune evasion, identification of pattern recognition receptors, regulation of lymphocyte activation and lethality, modulation of infected host cell antigen, maintain of EBV infection status, promotion of cell proliferation, invasion and migration, and reduction of apoptosis. As good news, not only has recent data demonstrated the crucial function of EBV-encoded miRNAs in the pathogenesis of EBVaGC, but it has also been revealed that aberrant expression of exosomal miRNAs in EBVaGC has made them biomarkers for detection of EBVaGC. Regarding these substantial characterizes, the critical role of EBV-encoded miRNAs has been a hot topic in research. In this review, we will focus on the multiple mechanisms involved in EBVaGC caused by EBV-encoded miRNAs and briefly discuss their potential application in the clinic as a diagnostic biomarker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arghavan Zebardast
- Department of Virology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sadra S Tehrani
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Tayebeh Latifi
- Department of Virology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farzin Sadeghi
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
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46
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Domagala M, Laplagne C, Leveque E, Laurent C, Fournié JJ, Espinosa E, Poupot M. Cancer Cells Resistance Shaping by Tumor Infiltrating Myeloid Cells. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:E165. [PMID: 33418996 PMCID: PMC7825276 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13020165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Interactions between malignant cells and neighboring stromal and immune cells profoundly shape cancer progression. New forms of therapies targeting these cells have revolutionized the treatment of cancer. However, in order to specifically address each population, it was essential to identify and understand their individual roles in interaction between malignant cells, and the formation of the tumor microenvironment (TME). In this review, we focus on the myeloid cell compartment, a prominent, and heterogeneous group populating TME, which can initially exert an anti-tumoral effect, but with time actively participate in disease progression. Macrophages, dendritic cells, neutrophils, myeloid-derived suppressor cells, mast cells, eosinophils, and basophils act alone or in concert to shape tumor cells resistance through cellular interaction and/or release of soluble factors favoring survival, proliferation, and migration of tumor cells, but also immune-escape and therapy resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcin Domagala
- Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse, Inserm UMR1037, 31037 Toulouse, France; (M.D.); (C.L.); (E.L.); (C.L.); (J.-J.F.); (E.E.)
- Université Toulouse III Paul-Sabatier, 31400 Toulouse, France
- ERL 5294 CNRS, 31037 Toulouse, France
| | - Chloé Laplagne
- Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse, Inserm UMR1037, 31037 Toulouse, France; (M.D.); (C.L.); (E.L.); (C.L.); (J.-J.F.); (E.E.)
- Université Toulouse III Paul-Sabatier, 31400 Toulouse, France
- ERL 5294 CNRS, 31037 Toulouse, France
| | - Edouard Leveque
- Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse, Inserm UMR1037, 31037 Toulouse, France; (M.D.); (C.L.); (E.L.); (C.L.); (J.-J.F.); (E.E.)
- Université Toulouse III Paul-Sabatier, 31400 Toulouse, France
- ERL 5294 CNRS, 31037 Toulouse, France
| | - Camille Laurent
- Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse, Inserm UMR1037, 31037 Toulouse, France; (M.D.); (C.L.); (E.L.); (C.L.); (J.-J.F.); (E.E.)
- Université Toulouse III Paul-Sabatier, 31400 Toulouse, France
- ERL 5294 CNRS, 31037 Toulouse, France
- IUCT-O, 31000 Toulouse, France
| | - Jean-Jacques Fournié
- Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse, Inserm UMR1037, 31037 Toulouse, France; (M.D.); (C.L.); (E.L.); (C.L.); (J.-J.F.); (E.E.)
- Université Toulouse III Paul-Sabatier, 31400 Toulouse, France
- ERL 5294 CNRS, 31037 Toulouse, France
| | - Eric Espinosa
- Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse, Inserm UMR1037, 31037 Toulouse, France; (M.D.); (C.L.); (E.L.); (C.L.); (J.-J.F.); (E.E.)
- Université Toulouse III Paul-Sabatier, 31400 Toulouse, France
- ERL 5294 CNRS, 31037 Toulouse, France
| | - Mary Poupot
- Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse, Inserm UMR1037, 31037 Toulouse, France; (M.D.); (C.L.); (E.L.); (C.L.); (J.-J.F.); (E.E.)
- Université Toulouse III Paul-Sabatier, 31400 Toulouse, France
- ERL 5294 CNRS, 31037 Toulouse, France
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47
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Agier J, Brzezińska-Błaszczyk E, Witczak P, Kozłowska E, Żelechowska P. The impact of TLR7 agonist R848 treatment on mast cell phenotype and activity. Cell Immunol 2021; 359:104241. [PMID: 33158544 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2020.104241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Revised: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Bearing in mind that mast cell contribution to viral clearance is still not fully understood, in this study, we evaluated the effect of Toll-like receptor (TLR)7 viral single-stranded ribonucleic acid (ssRNA) mimic ligand, namely resiquimod (R)848, on mast cell phenotype and activity. We demonstrated that rat peritoneal mast cells exhibit surface and intracellular expression of ssRNA-specific TLR7 molecule, and that mimic ligand switches the self-expression of this receptor. We also detected other proteins associated with the cellular antiviral response: interferon-alpha receptor 1 (IFNAR1), interferon-gamma receptor 1 (IFNGR1), and major histocompatibility complex I (MHC I). Moreover, we showed that R848 caused the decrease of all molecule's expression after prolonged incubation. Interestingly, we found that R848 induced the increase of high-affinity IgE receptor (FcεRI) expression. Finally, we documented that TLR7 ligand-stimulated mast cells synthesize/release interferon (IFN)-α and -β, tumor necrosis factor (TNF), and chemokines CCL3, CXCL8, as well as pro-inflammatory lipid mediators. Our findings confirm that mast cells may respond to TLR7 ligand by altering their phenotype and synthesizing mediators and could serve as active participants in the antiviral immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justyna Agier
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Medical University of Lodz, Pomorska 251, 92-213 Lodz, Poland.
| | - Ewa Brzezińska-Błaszczyk
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Medical University of Lodz, Pomorska 251, 92-213 Lodz, Poland
| | - Piotr Witczak
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Medical University of Lodz, Pomorska 251, 92-213 Lodz, Poland
| | - Elżbieta Kozłowska
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Medical University of Lodz, Pomorska 251, 92-213 Lodz, Poland
| | - Paulina Żelechowska
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Medical University of Lodz, Pomorska 251, 92-213 Lodz, Poland
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48
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Espinosa-Riquer ZP, Segura-Villalobos D, Ramírez-Moreno IG, Pérez Rodríguez MJ, Lamas M, Gonzalez-Espinosa C. Signal Transduction Pathways Activated by Innate Immunity in Mast Cells: Translating Sensing of Changes into Specific Responses. Cells 2020; 9:E2411. [PMID: 33158024 PMCID: PMC7693401 DOI: 10.3390/cells9112411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Revised: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Mast cells (MCs) constitute an essential cell lineage that participates in innate and adaptive immune responses and whose phenotype and function are influenced by tissue-specific conditions. Their mechanisms of activation in type I hypersensitivity reactions have been the subject of multiple studies, but the signaling pathways behind their activation by innate immunity stimuli are not so well described. Here, we review the recent evidence regarding the main molecular elements and signaling pathways connecting the innate immune receptors and hypoxic microenvironment to cytokine synthesis and the secretion of soluble or exosome-contained mediators in this cell type. When known, the positive and negative control mechanisms of those pathways are presented, together with their possible implications for the understanding of mast cell-driven chronic inflammation. Finally, we discuss the relevance of the knowledge about signaling in this cell type in the recognition of MCs as central elements on innate immunity, whose remarkable plasticity converts them in sensors of micro-environmental discontinuities and controllers of tissue homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Claudia Gonzalez-Espinosa
- Departamento de Farmacobiología, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados (Cinvestav), Unidad Sede Sur. Calzada de los Tenorios No. 235, Col. Granjas Coapa, Mexico City 14330, Mexico; (Z.P.E.-R.); (D.S.-V.); (I.G.R.-M.); (M.J.P.R.); (M.L.)
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49
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Pinke KH, Zorzella-Pezavento SFG, Lara VS, Sartori A. Should mast cells be considered therapeutic targets in multiple sclerosis? Neural Regen Res 2020; 15:1995-2007. [PMID: 32394947 PMCID: PMC7716037 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.282238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Revised: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Mast cells are immune cells of the myeloid lineage that are found throughout the body, including the central nervous system. They perform many functions associated with innate and specific immunity, angiogenesis, and vascular homeostasis. Moreover, they have been implicated in a series of pathologies (e.g., hypersensitivity reactions, tumors, and inflammatory disorders). In this review, we propose that this cell could be a relevant therapeutic target in multiple sclerosis, which is a central nervous system degenerative disease. To support this proposition, we describe the general biological properties of mast cells, their contribution to innate and specific immunity, and the participation of mast cells in the various stages of multiple sclerosis and experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis development. The final part of this review is dedicated to an overview of the available mast cells immunomodulatory drugs and their activity on multiple sclerosis and experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, including our own experience related to the effect of ketotifen fumarate on experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Henriette Pinke
- Institute of Biosciences, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Vanessa Soares Lara
- Bauru School of Dentistry, Department of Surgery, Stomatology, Pathology and Radiology, University of São Paulo, Bauru, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Alexandrina Sartori
- Institute of Biosciences, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
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50
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de Almeida AD, Silva IS, Fernandes-Braga W, LimaFilho ACM, Florentino ROM, Barra A, de Oliveira Andrade L, Leite MF, Cassali GD, Klein A. A role for mast cells and mast cell tryptase in driving neutrophil recruitment in LPS-induced lung inflammation via protease-activated receptor 2 in mice. Inflamm Res 2020; 69:1059-1070. [PMID: 32632517 DOI: 10.1007/s00011-020-01376-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Revised: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aims to investigate the role of protease-activated receptor (PAR) 2 and mast cell (MC) tryptase in LPS-induced lung inflammation and neutrophil recruitment in the lungs of C57BL/6 mice. METHODS C57BL/6 mice were pretreated with the PAR2 antagonist ENMD-1068, compound 48/80 or aprotinin prior to intranasal instillation of MC tryptase or LPS. Blood leukocytes, C-X-C motif chemokine ligand (CXCL) 1 production leukocytes recovered from bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), and histopathological analysis of the lung were evaluated 4 h later. Furthermore, we performed experiments to determine intracellular calcium signaling in RAW 264.7 cells stimulated with LPS in the presence or absence of a protease inhibitor cocktail or ENMD-1068 and evaluated PAR2 expression in the lungs of LPS-treated mice. RESULTS Pharmacological blockade of PAR2 or inhibition of proteases reduced neutrophils recovered in BALF and LPS-induced calcium signaling. PAR2 blockade impaired LPS-induced lung inflammation, PAR2 expression in the lung and CXCL1 release in BALF, and increased circulating blood neutrophils. Intranasal instillation of MC tryptase increased the number of neutrophils recovered in BALF, and MC depletion with compound 48/80 impaired LPS-induced neutrophil migration. CONCLUSION Our study provides, for the first time, evidence of a pivotal role for MCs and MC tryptase in neutrophil migration, lung inflammation and macrophage activation triggered by LPS, by a mechanism dependent on PAR2 activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aline Dias de Almeida
- Laboratory of Pain and Inflammation, Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), Av. Presidente Antônio Carlos, 6627, Pampulha, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, 31270-010, Brazil
| | - Irismara Sousa Silva
- Laboratory of Pain and Inflammation, Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), Av. Presidente Antônio Carlos, 6627, Pampulha, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, 31270-010, Brazil
| | - Weslley Fernandes-Braga
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Antônio Carlos Melo LimaFilho
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - R Odrigo Machado Florentino
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Ayslan Barra
- Laboratory of Pain and Inflammation, Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), Av. Presidente Antônio Carlos, 6627, Pampulha, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, 31270-010, Brazil
| | - Luciana de Oliveira Andrade
- Department of Morphology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - M Fátima Leite
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Geovanni Dantas Cassali
- Department of Pathology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - André Klein
- Laboratory of Pain and Inflammation, Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), Av. Presidente Antônio Carlos, 6627, Pampulha, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, 31270-010, Brazil.
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