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Cefalo CMA, Riccio A, Succurro E, Marini MA, Fiorentino TV, Rubino M, Perticone M, Sciacqua A, Andreozzi F, Sesti G. Frequency of prediabetes in individuals with increased adiposity and metabolically healthy or unhealthy phenotypes. Diabetes Obes Metab 2024; 26:3191-3199. [PMID: 38720197 DOI: 10.1111/dom.15646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Revised: 04/21/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 07/10/2024]
Abstract
AIMS To utilize the estimated glucose disposal rate (eGDR) index of insulin sensitivity, which is based on readily available clinical variables, namely, waist circumference, hypertension and glycated haemoglobin, to discriminate between metabolically healthy and unhealthy phenotypes, and to determine the prevalence of prediabetic conditions. METHODS Non-diabetic individuals (n = 2201) were stratified into quartiles of insulin sensitivity based on eGDR index. Individuals in the upper quartiles of eGDR were defined as having metabolically healthy normal weight (MHNW), metabolically healthy overweight (MHOW) or metabolically healthy obesity (MHO) according to their body mass index, while those in the lower quartiles were classified as having metabolically unhealthy normal weight (MUNW), metabolically unhealthy overweight (MUOW) and metabolically unhealthy obesity (MUO), respectively. RESULTS The frequency of impaired fasting glucose (IFG), impaired glucose tolerance (IGT), and IFG + IGT status was comparable among the MHNW, MHOW and MHO groups, while it increased from those with MUNW status towards those with MUOW and MUO status. As compared with participants with MHNW, the odds ratio of having IFG, IGT, or IFG + IGT was significantly higher in participants with MUOW and MUO but not in those with MUNW, MHOW and MHO, respectively. CONCLUSIONS A metabolically healthy phenotype is associated with lower frequency of IFG, IGT, and IFG + IGT status across all body weight categories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara M A Cefalo
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, University of Rome-Sapienza, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessia Riccio
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, University of Rome-Sapienza, Rome, Italy
| | - Elena Succurro
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | | | - Teresa Vanessa Fiorentino
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Mariangela Rubino
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Maria Perticone
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Angela Sciacqua
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Francesco Andreozzi
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Giorgio Sesti
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, University of Rome-Sapienza, Rome, Italy
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2
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Pappa E, Busygina K, Harada S, Hermann H, Then C, Lechner A, Ferrari U, Seissler J. Association of GLP-1 secretion with parameters of glycemic control in women after gestational diabetes mellitus. BMJ Open Diabetes Res Care 2024; 12:e003706. [PMID: 38199777 PMCID: PMC10806896 DOI: 10.1136/bmjdrc-2023-003706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Women with a history of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) are at high risk of developing type 2 diabetes, while the exact mechanisms underlying its pathophysiology are still unclear. We investigated the association of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) response to oral glucose with parameters of glycemic control in women with previous GDM in the prospective PPSDiab (Prediction, Prevention, and Subclassification of Type 2 Diabetes) study. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Glucose metabolism parameters and GLP-1 secretion were analyzed during oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) in women with previous GDM (n=129) and women with a history of normal glucose tolerance (n=67) during pregnancy (controls). First- and second-phase insulin and GLP-1 secretion in relation to plasma glucose (PG) levels were assessed, and development of pre-diabetes was analyzed after 5-year follow-up among women with previous GDM and a normal glycemic state at baseline (n=58). RESULTS The area under the curve (AUC during the OGTT 0-120 min) of PG and insulin but not GLP-1 differed significantly between post-GDM women and controls. However, women with previous GDM had a significantly decreased GLP-1 response in relation to PG and plasma insulin during the second phase of the OGTT. After a follow-up of 5 years, 19.0% post-GDM women with a normal glycemic state at the baseline visit developed abnormal glucose metabolism. The total, first- and second-phase AUC GLP-1/PG and GLP-1/insulin ratios were not associated with development of abnormal glucose tolerance. CONCLUSIONS Women with previous GDM showed a reduced GLP-1 response in relation to PG and insulin concentrations indicating early abnormalities in glucose metabolism. However, the altered GLP-1 response to oral glucose did not predict progression to pre-diabetes and type 2 diabetes in the first 5 years after GDM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleni Pappa
- Diabetes Zentrum - Campus Innenstadt, LMU Klinikum der Universität München Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Munich, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Kristina Busygina
- Diabetes Zentrum - Campus Innenstadt, LMU Klinikum der Universität München Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Munich, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Saori Harada
- Diabetes Zentrum - Campus Innenstadt, LMU Klinikum der Universität München Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Munich, Germany
- Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry and Epidemiology (IBE), LMU Medizinische Fakultät, Munich, Germany
| | - Hana Hermann
- Diabetes Zentrum - Campus Innenstadt, LMU Klinikum der Universität München Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Munich, Germany
| | - Cornelia Then
- Diabetes Zentrum - Campus Innenstadt, LMU Klinikum der Universität München Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Munich, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Andreas Lechner
- Diabetes Zentrum - Campus Innenstadt, LMU Klinikum der Universität München Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Munich, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Uta Ferrari
- Diabetes Zentrum - Campus Innenstadt, LMU Klinikum der Universität München Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Munich, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Jochen Seissler
- Diabetes Zentrum - Campus Innenstadt, LMU Klinikum der Universität München Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Munich, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research, Neuherberg, Germany
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3
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Longo M, Zatterale F, Spinelli R, Naderi J, Parrillo L, Florese P, Nigro C, Leone A, Moccia A, Desiderio A, Raciti GA, Miele C, Smith U, Beguinot F. Altered H3K4me3 profile at the TFAM promoter causes mitochondrial alterations in preadipocytes from first-degree relatives of type 2 diabetics. Clin Epigenetics 2023; 15:144. [PMID: 37679776 PMCID: PMC10486065 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-023-01556-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND First-degree relatives of type 2 diabetics (FDR) exhibit a high risk of developing type 2 diabetes (T2D) and feature subcutaneous adipocyte hypertrophy, independent of obesity. In FDR, adipose cell abnormalities contribute to early insulin-resistance and are determined by adipocyte precursor cells (APCs) early senescence and impaired recruitment into the adipogenic pathway. Epigenetic mechanisms signal adipocyte differentiation, leading us to hypothesize that abnormal epigenetic modifications cause adipocyte dysfunction and enhance T2D risk. To test this hypothesis, we examined the genome-wide histone profile in APCs from the subcutaneous adipose tissue of healthy FDR. RESULTS Sequencing-data analysis revealed 2644 regions differentially enriched in lysine 4 tri-methylated H3-histone (H3K4me3) in FDR compared to controls (CTRL) with significant enrichment in mitochondrial-related genes. These included TFAM, which regulates mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) content and stability. In FDR APCs, a significant reduction in H3K4me3 abundance at the TFAM promoter was accompanied by a reduction in TFAM mRNA and protein levels. FDR APCs also exhibited reduced mtDNA content and mitochondrial-genome transcription. In parallel, FDR APCs exhibited impaired differentiation and TFAM induction during adipogenesis. In CTRL APCs, TFAM-siRNA reduced mtDNA content, mitochondrial transcription and adipocyte differentiation in parallel with upregulation of the CDKN1A and ZMAT3 senescence genes. Furthermore, TFAM-siRNA significantly expanded hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-induced senescence, while H2O2 did not affect TFAM expression. CONCLUSIONS Histone modifications regulate APCs ability to differentiate in mature cells, at least in part by modulating TFAM expression and affecting mitochondrial function. Reduced H3K4me3 enrichment at the TFAM promoter renders human APCs senescent and dysfunctional, increasing T2D risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Longo
- Department of Translational Medicine, Federico II University of Naples, Naples, Italy
- URT Genomics of Diabetes, Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology, National Research Council, Naples, Italy
| | - Federica Zatterale
- Department of Translational Medicine, Federico II University of Naples, Naples, Italy
- URT Genomics of Diabetes, Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology, National Research Council, Naples, Italy
| | - Rosa Spinelli
- Department of Translational Medicine, Federico II University of Naples, Naples, Italy
- URT Genomics of Diabetes, Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology, National Research Council, Naples, Italy
| | - Jamal Naderi
- URT Genomics of Diabetes, Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology, National Research Council, Naples, Italy
| | - Luca Parrillo
- URT Genomics of Diabetes, Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology, National Research Council, Naples, Italy
| | - Pasqualina Florese
- Department of Translational Medicine, Federico II University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Cecilia Nigro
- URT Genomics of Diabetes, Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology, National Research Council, Naples, Italy
| | - Alessia Leone
- URT Genomics of Diabetes, Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology, National Research Council, Naples, Italy
| | - Augusta Moccia
- Department of Translational Medicine, Federico II University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Antonella Desiderio
- Department of Translational Medicine, Federico II University of Naples, Naples, Italy
- URT Genomics of Diabetes, Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology, National Research Council, Naples, Italy
| | - Gregory A Raciti
- Department of Translational Medicine, Federico II University of Naples, Naples, Italy.
- URT Genomics of Diabetes, Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology, National Research Council, Naples, Italy.
| | - Claudia Miele
- URT Genomics of Diabetes, Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology, National Research Council, Naples, Italy
| | - Ulf Smith
- Lundberg Laboratory for Diabetes Research, Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Francesco Beguinot
- Department of Translational Medicine, Federico II University of Naples, Naples, Italy.
- URT Genomics of Diabetes, Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology, National Research Council, Naples, Italy.
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4
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Kononova Y, Abramyan L, Derevitskii I, Babenko A. Predictors of Carbohydrate Metabolism Disorders and Lethal Outcome in Patients after Myocardial Infarction: A Place of Glucose Level. J Pers Med 2023; 13:997. [PMID: 37373986 PMCID: PMC10305089 DOI: 10.3390/jpm13060997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Revised: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM The aim of this study was to reveal statistical patterns in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) that cause the development of carbohydrate metabolism disorders (CMD) (type 2 diabetes mellitus and prediabetes) and death within 5 years after AMI. METHODS 1079 patients who were treated with AMI in the Almazov National Medical Research Center were retrospectively selected for the study. For each patient, all data from electronic medical records were downloaded. Statistical patterns that determine the development of CMDs and death within 5 years after AMI were identified. To create and train the models used in this study, the classic methods of Data Mining, Data Exploratory Analysis, and Machine Learning were used. RESULTS The main predictors of mortality within 5 years after AMI were advanced age, low relative level of lymphocytes, circumflex artery lesion, and glucose level. Main predictors of CMDs were low basophils, high neutrophils, high platelet distribution width, and high blood glucose level. High values of age and glucose together were relatively independent predictors. With glucose level >11 mmol/L and age >70 years, the 5-year risk of death is about 40% and it rises with increasing glucose levels. CONCLUSION The obtained results make it possible to predict the development of CMDs and death based on simple parameters that are easily available in clinical practice. Glucose level measured on the 1st day of AMI was among the most important predictors of CMDs and death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulia Kononova
- World-Class Research Centre for Personalized Medicine, Almazov National Medical Research Centre, 197341 St. Petersburg, Russia
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5
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Cefalo CMA, Succurro E, Riccio A, Marini MA, Fiorentino TV, Perticone M, Sciacqua A, Andreozzi F, Sesti G. Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels are associated with first-phase insulin release. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2023; 199:110633. [PMID: 36940794 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2023.110633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2023] [Revised: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Prior studies provided evidence that low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol-lowering statins reduce cardiovascular events while conveying an increased risk of type 2 diabetes. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between LDL levels and both insulin sensitivity and insulin secretion in a cohort of 356 adult first-degree relatives of patients with type 2 diabetes. METHODS Insulin sensitivity was assessed by euglycemic hyperinsulinemic clamp and first-phase insulin secretion was measured by both intravenous glucose tolerance test (IVGTT) and OGTT. RESULTS LDL-cholesterol levels were not independently associated with insulin-stimulated glucose disposal. After adjusting for several potential confounders, LDL-cholesterol concentration exhibited a positive independent association with acute insulin response (AIR) during IVGTT and with the OGTT derived Stumvoll first-phase insulin secretion index. When insulin release was adjusted for the underlying degree of insulin sensitivity, using the disposition index (AIR × insulin-stimulated glucose disposal), β-cell function was significantly associated with LDL-cholesterol levels, even after further adjusting for several potential confounders. CONCLUSIONS The present results suggest that LDL cholesterol is a positive modulator of insulin secretion. The deterioration in glycemic control observed during treatment with statins might thus be explained by an impairment in insulin secretion due to the cholesterol-lowering effect of statins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara M A Cefalo
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, University of Rome-Sapienza, Rome, Italy
| | - Elena Succurro
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Alessia Riccio
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, University of Rome-Sapienza, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Teresa Vanessa Fiorentino
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Maria Perticone
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Angela Sciacqua
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Francesco Andreozzi
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Giorgio Sesti
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, University of Rome-Sapienza, Rome, Italy.
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6
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Succurro E, Marini MA, Riccio A, Fiorentino TV, Perticone M, Sciacqua A, Andreozzi F, Sesti G. Sex-differences in insulin sensitivity and insulin secretion in subjects with impaired fasting glucose and impaired glucose tolerance. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2022; 194:110185. [PMID: 36442546 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2022.110185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Revised: 11/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To assess sex-related differences in whole-body insulin sensitivity and insulin secretion in a group of Caucasian subjects with varying degrees of glucose tolerance. METHODS Sex-related differences in insulin sensitivity using the hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp technique and insulin secretion using validated indexes obtained during an oral glucose tolerance test were examined among 570 non-diabetic offspring individuals having only one parent with type 2 diabetes. Participants were classified as having with NGT, isolated impaired fasting glucose (IFG), isolated impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) and combined IFG/IGT. RESULTS Isolated IFG, isolated IGT, and combined IFG/IGT women exhibited greater relative differences in BMI, waist circumference, and insulin-stimulated glucose disposal than their male counterparts. Formal tests for glucose tolerance status × sex interaction were statistically significant for BMI (P = 0.05) waist circumference (P = 0.04), and insulin-stimulated glucose disposal (P = 0.01) suggesting a sex-specific association. By contrast, tests for glucose tolerance status × sex interaction regarding both insulinogenic and disposition indexes were not significant. CONCLUSIONS This study suggests that deterioration of glucose homeostasis in women is associated with a greater fat accumulation and worsening in insulin sensitivity as compared with men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Succurro
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, Catanzaro 88100, Italy
| | | | - Alessia Riccio
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, University of Rome-Sapienza, Rome 00189, Italy
| | - Teresa Vanessa Fiorentino
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, Catanzaro 88100, Italy
| | - Maria Perticone
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, Catanzaro 88100, Italy
| | - Angela Sciacqua
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, Catanzaro 88100, Italy
| | - Francesco Andreozzi
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, Catanzaro 88100, Italy
| | - Giorgio Sesti
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, University of Rome-Sapienza, Rome 00189, Italy.
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Tsai CJ, Tsao CF. Comparison of Glucose Lowering Efficacy of Human GLP-1 Agonist in Taiwan Type 2 Diabetes Patients after Switching from DPP-4 Inhibitor Use or Non-Use. J Pers Med 2022; 12:jpm12111915. [PMID: 36422091 PMCID: PMC9698961 DOI: 10.3390/jpm12111915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2022] [Revised: 11/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
To determine the efficacy of glucose control in type 2 diabetes patients who switch from dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors use or non-use to GLP-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs). We conducted a cohort study using data from the Chang Gung Research Database. Patients aged ≥18 years using newly initiated GLP-1 RAs between 1 January 2009, and 31 December 2016, were included. Cox proportional hazards models were used to adjust for treatment selection bias. The primary outcome was changes in the glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) level. The HbA1c level fell substantially after initiating GLP-1 RAs in DPP-4 inhibitor users and nonusers. A mean HbA1c reduction of −0.42% was found in patients who received DPP-4 inhibitors. Those who were DPP-4 inhibitor nonusers had a reduction in HbA1c of −0.99%. The degree of reduction in HbA1c was significantly greater in patients who were DPP-4 inhibitor nonusers (p value < 0.01), compared to the DPP-4 inhibitor users. In routine care, DPP-4 inhibitor nonusers had better efficacy in glucose control than DPP-4 inhibitor users after switching to a GLP-1 agonist.
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Patarrão RS, Duarte N, Coelho I, Ward J, Ribeiro RT, Meneses MJ, Andrade R, Costa J, Correia I, Boavida JM, Duarte R, Gardete-Correia L, Medina JL, Pell J, Petrie J, Raposo JF, Macedo MP, Penha-Gonçalves C. Prediabetes blunts DPP4 genetic control of postprandial glycaemia and insulin secretion. Diabetologia 2022; 65:861-871. [PMID: 35190847 PMCID: PMC8960640 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-021-05638-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Imbalances in glucose metabolism are hallmarks of clinically silent prediabetes (defined as impaired fasting glucose and/or impaired glucose tolerance) representing dysmetabolism trajectories leading to type 2 diabetes. CD26/dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4) is a clinically proven molecular target of diabetes-controlling drugs but the DPP4 gene control of dysglycaemia is not proven. METHODS We dissected the genetic control of post-OGTT and insulin release responses by the DPP4 gene in a Portuguese population-based cohort of mainly European ancestry that comprised individuals with normoglycaemia and prediabetes, and in mouse experimental models of Dpp4 deficiency and hyperenergetic diet. RESULTS In individuals with normoglycaemia, DPP4 single-nucleotide variants governed glycaemic excursions (rs4664446, p=1.63x10-7) and C-peptide release responses (rs2300757, p=6.86x10-5) upon OGTT. Association with blood glucose levels was stronger at 30 min OGTT, but a higher association with the genetic control of insulin secretion was detected in later phases of the post-OGTT response, suggesting that the DPP4 gene directly senses glucose challenges. Accordingly, in mice fed a normal chow diet but not a high-fat diet, we found that, under OGTT, expression of Dpp4 is strongly downregulated at 30 min in the mouse liver. Strikingly, no genetic association was found in prediabetic individuals, indicating that post-OGTT control by DPP4 is abrogated in prediabetes. Furthermore, Dpp4 KO mice provided concordant evidence that Dpp4 modulates post-OGTT C-peptide release in normoglycaemic but not dysmetabolic states. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION These results showed the DPP4 gene as a strong determinant of post-OGTT levels via glucose-sensing mechanisms that are abrogated in prediabetes. We propose that impairments in DPP4 control of post-OGTT insulin responses are part of molecular mechanisms underlying early metabolic disturbances associated with type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita S Patarrão
- Centro de Estudos de Doenças Crónicas (CEDOC), NOVA Medical School, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
- Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Nádia Duarte
- Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Inês Coelho
- Centro de Estudos de Doenças Crónicas (CEDOC), NOVA Medical School, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Joey Ward
- Institute of Health & Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Rogério T Ribeiro
- Associação Protectora dos Diabéticos de Portugal/Diabetes Portugal Education and Research Center (APDP-ERC), Lisbon, Portugal
- Departamento de Ciências Médicas, Instituto de Biomedicina (iBiMED), Universidade de Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Maria João Meneses
- Centro de Estudos de Doenças Crónicas (CEDOC), NOVA Medical School, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
- Associação Protectora dos Diabéticos de Portugal/Diabetes Portugal Education and Research Center (APDP-ERC), Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Rita Andrade
- Associação Protectora dos Diabéticos de Portugal/Diabetes Portugal Education and Research Center (APDP-ERC), Lisbon, Portugal
| | - João Costa
- Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Isabel Correia
- Associação Protectora dos Diabéticos de Portugal/Diabetes Portugal Education and Research Center (APDP-ERC), Lisbon, Portugal
| | - José Manuel Boavida
- Associação Protectora dos Diabéticos de Portugal/Diabetes Portugal Education and Research Center (APDP-ERC), Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Rui Duarte
- Associação Protectora dos Diabéticos de Portugal/Diabetes Portugal Education and Research Center (APDP-ERC), Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Luís Gardete-Correia
- Associação Protectora dos Diabéticos de Portugal/Diabetes Portugal Education and Research Center (APDP-ERC), Lisbon, Portugal
| | | | - Jill Pell
- Institute of Health & Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - John Petrie
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK.
| | - João F Raposo
- Centro de Estudos de Doenças Crónicas (CEDOC), NOVA Medical School, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
- Associação Protectora dos Diabéticos de Portugal/Diabetes Portugal Education and Research Center (APDP-ERC), Lisbon, Portugal
- Sociedade Portuguesa de Diabetologia, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Maria Paula Macedo
- Centro de Estudos de Doenças Crónicas (CEDOC), NOVA Medical School, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal.
- Associação Protectora dos Diabéticos de Portugal/Diabetes Portugal Education and Research Center (APDP-ERC), Lisbon, Portugal.
- Departamento de Ciências Médicas, Instituto de Biomedicina (iBiMED), Universidade de Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal.
- Sociedade Portuguesa de Diabetologia, Lisbon, Portugal.
| | - Carlos Penha-Gonçalves
- Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência, Oeiras, Portugal.
- Associação Protectora dos Diabéticos de Portugal/Diabetes Portugal Education and Research Center (APDP-ERC), Lisbon, Portugal.
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Cheng D, Yang S, Zhao X, Wang G. The Role of Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists (GLP-1 RA) in Diabetes-Related Neurodegenerative Diseases. Drug Des Devel Ther 2022; 16:665-684. [PMID: 35340338 PMCID: PMC8943601 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s348055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent clinical guidelines have emphasized the importance of screening for cognitive impairment in older adults with diabetes, however, there is still a lack of understanding about the drug therapy. Glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs) are widely used in the treatment of type 2 diabetes and potential applications may include the treatment of obesity as well as the adjunctive treatment of type 1 diabetes mellitus in combination with insulin. Growing evidence suggests that GLP-1 RA has the potential to treat neurodegenerative diseases, particularly in diabetes-related Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and Parkinson’s disease (PD). Here, we review the molecular mechanisms of the neuroprotective effects of GLP-1 RA in diabetes-related degenerative diseases, including AD and PD, and their potential effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dihe Cheng
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuo Yang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, People's Republic of China
| | - Xue Zhao
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, People's Republic of China
| | - Guixia Wang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, People's Republic of China
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Sakornyutthadej N, Mahachoklertwattana P, Chanprasertyothin S, Pongratanakul S, Khlairit P, Poomthavorn P. Beta cell function, incretin hormones, and incretin effect in obese children and adolescents with prediabetes. Pediatr Diabetes 2022; 23:203-211. [PMID: 34913553 DOI: 10.1111/pedi.13303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Revised: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 12/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Defects of incretin hormones and incretin effect may be underlying mechanisms of abnormal glucose metabolism in youth. OBJECTIVE To assess incretin hormone dynamics during an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) and incretin effect in obese children with prediabetes in comparison with those with normal glucose tolerance (NGT). METHODS Overweight and obese children were enrolled and classified according to OGTT results as NGT and prediabetes. Insulin sensitivity, insulin secretion, incretin hormone concentrations during OGTT; and incretin effect derived from OGTT and intravenous glucose tolerance test were determined and compared between NGT and prediabetes groups. RESULTS Sixty-three patients (43 NGT and 20 prediabetes) were enrolled. Their median (interquartile range) age was 12.5 (11.1, 13.8) years. Peak glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) was demonstrated at 30 min during OGTT and was higher in the prediabetes group (49.2 [35.6, 63.6] versus 36.5 [27.6, 44.2] pmol/L, p = 0.009). However, incremental areas under the curves (iAUCs) of GLP-1 and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) were not different between the two groups. There was no difference in incretin effect between NGT and prediabetes (NGT: 66.5% [60.2%, 77.5%] vs. prediabetes: 70.0% [61.5%, 75.0%], p = 0.645). Incretin effect had positive correlations with iAUCs of both GLP-1 and GIP (GLP-1: r = 0.40, p = 0.004 and GIP: r = 0.37, p = 0.009). CONCLUSIONS Comparing between obese children with prediabetes and NGT, there were no differences in overall incretin hormone changes during OGTT and incretin effect. Incretin effect was positively correlated with iAUCs of GLP-1 and GIP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natee Sakornyutthadej
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Pat Mahachoklertwattana
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | | | - Sarunyu Pongratanakul
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Patcharin Khlairit
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Preamrudee Poomthavorn
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
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11
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Spinelli R, Florese P, Parrillo L, Zatterale F, Longo M, D’Esposito V, Desiderio A, Nerstedt A, Gustafson B, Formisano P, Miele C, Raciti GA, Napoli R, Smith U, Beguinot F. ZMAT3 hypomethylation contributes to early senescence of preadipocytes from healthy first-degree relatives of type 2 diabetics. Aging Cell 2022; 21:e13557. [PMID: 35146866 PMCID: PMC8920444 DOI: 10.1111/acel.13557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Revised: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Senescence of adipose precursor cells (APC) impairs adipogenesis, contributes to the age-related subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) dysfunction, and increases risk of type 2 diabetes (T2D). First-degree relatives of T2D individuals (FDR) feature restricted adipogenesis, reflecting the detrimental effects of APC senescence earlier in life and rendering FDR more vulnerable to T2D. Epigenetics may contribute to these abnormalities but the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. In previous methylome comparison in APC from FDR and individuals with no diabetes familiarity (CTRL), ZMAT3 emerged as one of the top-ranked senescence-related genes featuring hypomethylation in FDR and associated with T2D risk. Here, we investigated whether and how DNA methylation changes at ZMAT3 promote early APC senescence. APC from FDR individuals revealed increases in multiple senescence markers compared to CTRL. Senescence in these cells was accompanied by ZMAT3 hypomethylation, which caused ZMAT3 upregulation. Demethylation at this gene in CTRL APC led to increased ZMAT3 expression and premature senescence, which were reverted by ZMAT3 siRNA. Furthermore, ZMAT3 overexpression in APC determined senescence and activation of the p53/p21 pathway, as observed in FDR APC. Adipogenesis was also inhibited in ZMAT3-overexpressing APC. In FDR APC, rescue of ZMAT3 methylation through senolytic exposure simultaneously downregulated ZMAT3 expression and improved adipogenesis. Interestingly, in human SAT, aging and T2D were associated with significantly increased expression of both ZMAT3 and the P53 senescence marker. Thus, DNA hypomethylation causes ZMAT3 upregulation in FDR APC accompanied by acquisition of the senescence phenotype and impaired adipogenesis, which may contribute to FDR predisposition for T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa Spinelli
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences Federico II University of Naples Naples Italy
- URT Genomics of Diabetes Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology National Research Council Naples Italy
| | - Pasqualina Florese
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences Federico II University of Naples Naples Italy
- URT Genomics of Diabetes Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology National Research Council Naples Italy
| | - Luca Parrillo
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences Federico II University of Naples Naples Italy
- URT Genomics of Diabetes Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology National Research Council Naples Italy
| | - Federica Zatterale
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences Federico II University of Naples Naples Italy
- URT Genomics of Diabetes Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology National Research Council Naples Italy
| | - Michele Longo
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences Federico II University of Naples Naples Italy
- URT Genomics of Diabetes Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology National Research Council Naples Italy
| | - Vittoria D’Esposito
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences Federico II University of Naples Naples Italy
- URT Genomics of Diabetes Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology National Research Council Naples Italy
| | - Antonella Desiderio
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences Federico II University of Naples Naples Italy
- URT Genomics of Diabetes Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology National Research Council Naples Italy
| | - Annika Nerstedt
- Lundberg Laboratory for Diabetes Research Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine Sahlgrenska Academy University of Gothenburg Gothenburg Sweden
| | - Birgit Gustafson
- Lundberg Laboratory for Diabetes Research Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine Sahlgrenska Academy University of Gothenburg Gothenburg Sweden
| | - Pietro Formisano
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences Federico II University of Naples Naples Italy
- URT Genomics of Diabetes Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology National Research Council Naples Italy
| | - Claudia Miele
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences Federico II University of Naples Naples Italy
- URT Genomics of Diabetes Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology National Research Council Naples Italy
| | - Gregory Alexander Raciti
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences Federico II University of Naples Naples Italy
- URT Genomics of Diabetes Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology National Research Council Naples Italy
| | - Raffaele Napoli
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences Federico II University of Naples Naples Italy
| | - Ulf Smith
- Lundberg Laboratory for Diabetes Research Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine Sahlgrenska Academy University of Gothenburg Gothenburg Sweden
| | - Francesco Beguinot
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences Federico II University of Naples Naples Italy
- URT Genomics of Diabetes Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology National Research Council Naples Italy
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12
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Epigenetic Dysregulation of the Homeobox A5 ( HOXA5) Gene Associates with Subcutaneous Adipocyte Hypertrophy in Human Obesity. Cells 2022; 11:cells11040728. [PMID: 35203377 PMCID: PMC8870634 DOI: 10.3390/cells11040728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Along with insulin resistance and increased risk of type 2 diabetes (T2D), lean first-degree relatives of T2D subjects (FDR) feature impaired adipogenesis in subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) and subcutaneous adipocyte hypertrophy well before diabetes onset. The molecular mechanisms linking these events have only partially been clarified. In the present report, we show that silencing of the transcription factor Homeobox A5 (HOXA5) in human preadipocytes impaired differentiation in mature adipose cells in vitro. The reduced adipogenesis was accompanied by inappropriate WNT-signaling activation. Importantly, in preadipocytes from FDR individuals, HOXA5 expression was attenuated, with hypermethylation of the HOXA5 promoter region found responsible for its downregulation, as revealed by luciferase assay. Both HOXA5 gene expression and DNA methylation were significantly correlated with SAT adipose cell hypertrophy in FDR, whose increased adipocyte size marks impaired adipogenesis. In preadipocytes from FDR, the low HOXA5 expression negatively correlated with enhanced transcription of the WNT signaling downstream genes NFATC1 and WNT2B. In silico evidence indicated that NFATC1 and WNT2B were directly controlled by HOXA5. The HOXA5 promoter region also was hypermethylated in peripheral blood leukocytes from these same FDR individuals, which was further revealed in peripheral blood leukocytes from an independent group of obese subjects. Thus, HOXA5 controlled adipogenesis in humans by suppressing WNT signaling. Altered DNA methylation of the HOXA5 promoter contributed to restricted adipogenesis in the SAT of lean subjects who were FDR of type 2 diabetics and in obese individuals.
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Bülbül T, Baharlooie M, Safaeinejad Z, Gure AO, Ghaedi K. Hypothetical molecular interconnection between type 2 diabetes and dyslexia. BMC Neurosci 2021; 22:63. [PMID: 34674647 PMCID: PMC8529849 DOI: 10.1186/s12868-021-00666-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dyslexia is one of the most common learning disabilities, especially among children. Type 2 diabetes is a metabolic disorder that affects a large population globally, with metabolic disorders. There have been several genes that are identified as causes of Dyslexia, and in recent studies, it has been found out that some of those genes are also involved in several metabolic pathways. For several years, it has been known that type 2 diabetes causes several neurodegenerative disorders, such as Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease. Furthermore, in several studies, it was suggested that type 2 diabetes also has some associations with learning disabilities. This raises the question of whether "Is there a connection between type 2 diabetes and dyslexia?". In this study, this question is elaborated by linking their developmental processes via bioinformatics analysis about these two diseases individually and collectively. RESULT The literature review for dyslexia and type two diabetes was completed. As the result of this literature review, the genes that are associated to type 2 diabetes and dyslexia were identified. The biological pathways of dyslexia, and dyslexia associated genes, type 2 diabetes, and type 2 diabetes associated genes were identified. The association of these genes, regarding to their association with pathways were analysed, and using STRING database the gene associations were analysed and identified. CONCLUSION The findings of this research included the interaction analysis via gene association, co-expression and protein-protein interaction. These findings clarified the interconnection between dyslexia and type 2 diabetes in molecular level and it will be the beginning of an answer regarding to the relationship between T2D and dyslexia. Finally, by improving the understanding this paper aims to open the way for the possible future approach to examine this hypothesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuğba Bülbül
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Coventry University, Coventry, West Midlands, UK
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Maryam Baharlooie
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Science and Technology, University of Isfahan, Hezar Jerib Avenue, Azadi Sq., P.O.Code 81746-73441, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Zahra Safaeinejad
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Biotechnology, ACECR, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Ali Osmay Gure
- Department of Medical Biology, Acibadem University, Istanbul, Turkey
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Kamran Ghaedi
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Science and Technology, University of Isfahan, Hezar Jerib Avenue, Azadi Sq., P.O.Code 81746-73441, Isfahan, Iran.
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14
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Glucose Metabolism and Insulin Response to Oral Glucose Tolerance Test (OGTT) in Prepubertal Patients with Transfusion-Dependent β-thalassemia (TDT): A Long-Term Retrospective Analysis. Mediterr J Hematol Infect Dis 2021; 13:e2021051. [PMID: 34527203 PMCID: PMC8425353 DOI: 10.4084/mjhid.2021.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Glucose dysregulation (GD), including prediabetes and diabetes mellitus (DM), is a common complication of transfusion-dependent β-thalassemia (TDT) patients. The prevalence increases with age and magnitude of iron overload, affecting a significant proportion of patients. According to the international guidelines, the development of GD is frequently asymptomatic. Therefore, an early diagnosis requires an annual oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) in all TDT patients aged ten years or older. Purpose This retrospective study aims to evaluate the prevalence of GD in a homogenous population of prepubertal TDT patients and to enhance understanding of the pathogenesis and progression of glucose homeostasis in this group of patients. Methods A selected group of 28 TDT patients was followed for at least 10.3 years (range: 10.3 - 28.10 years) from prepubertal age (mean 11.0 ± standard deviation 1.1 years) to adulthood (28.7 ± 3.7 years). Glucose tolerance and insulin response to OGTT were assessed, and indices of β-cell function, insulin sensitivity, and insulin secretion were calculated. Results At baseline, 18 TDT patients had normal glucose tolerance (NGT) and 10 had isolated impaired fasting glycemia (IFG), according to the American Diabetes Association (ADA) criteria. Compared to 18 healthy prepubertal controls (mean ± SD age: 10.9 ± 1.1 years), the fasting plasma glucose (FPG), basal insulin level, and Homeostatic Model Assessment for Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR) index were significantly higher in the group of TDT patients (p= 0.001, 0.01 and 0.012, respectively). At the last observation, 7/18 patients (38.8%) with NGT and 9/10 (90%) with IFG at baseline deteriorated; 3 female patients developed type 2 DM (1 from the NGT group and 2 from the IFG group). Compared to adult controls, TDT patients with NGT had a reduced oral disposition index (DI) (p= 0.006) but no significant difference in HOMA-IR and Matsuda index. Conversely, all insulin indices (HOMA-IR, MI, and DI) but one [insulinogenic index (IGI)] were statistically different in TDT patients with GD compared to controls. Conclusion This study underlines the concept that the spectrum of glucose tolerance in TDT patients represents a continuum of glucose homeostasis disturbances and that prepubertal patients with IFG are at higher risk of developing a further deterioration of glucose metabolism with time. Moreover, it appears that one-third of adult TDT patients with normal fasting glucose may develop GD in the second-third decade of life. Thus, early intervention could help to prevent an expected further decline of glucose tolerance.
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15
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Laurenti MC, Dalla Man C, Varghese RT, Andrews JC, Jones JG, Barosa C, Rizza RA, Matveyenko A, De Nicolao G, Bailey KR, Cobelli C, Vella A. Insulin Pulse Characteristics and Insulin Action in Non-diabetic Humans. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2021; 106:1702-1709. [PMID: 33606017 PMCID: PMC8344841 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgab100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Pulsatile insulin secretion is impaired in diseases such as type 2 diabetes that are characterized by insulin resistance. This has led to the suggestion that changes in insulin pulsatility directly impair insulin signaling. We sought to examine the effects of pulse characteristics on insulin action in humans, hypothesizing that a decrease in pulse amplitude or frequency is associated with impaired hepatic insulin action. METHODS We studied 29 nondiabetic subjects on two occasions. On 1 occasion, hepatic and peripheral insulin action was measured using a euglycemic clamp. The deuterated water method was used to estimate the contribution of gluconeogenesis to endogenous glucose production. On a separate study day, we utilized nonparametric stochastic deconvolution of frequently sampled peripheral C-peptide concentrations during fasting to reconstruct portal insulin secretion. In addition to measuring basal and pulsatile insulin secretion, we used approximate entropy to measure orderliness and Fourier transform to measure the average, and the dispersion of, insulin pulse frequencies. RESULTS In univariate analysis, basal insulin secretion (R2 = 0.16) and insulin pulse amplitude (R2 = 0.09) correlated weakly with insulin-induced suppression of gluconeogenesis. However, after adjustment for age, sex, and weight, these associations were no longer significant. The other pulse characteristics also did not correlate with the ability of insulin to suppress endogenous glucose production (and gluconeogenesis) or to stimulate glucose disappearance. CONCLUSIONS Overall, our data demonstrate that insulin pulse characteristics, considered independently of other factors, do not correlate with measures of hepatic and peripheral insulin sensitivity in nondiabetic humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcello C Laurenti
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes & Metabolism, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Chiara Dalla Man
- Department of Information Engineering, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Ron T Varghese
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes & Metabolism, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - James C Andrews
- Vascular and Interventional Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - John G Jones
- Center for Neurosciences, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Cristina Barosa
- Center for Neurosciences, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Robert A Rizza
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes & Metabolism, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Aleksey Matveyenko
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes & Metabolism, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
- Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Giuseppe De Nicolao
- Department of Computer Engineering and Systems Science, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Kent R Bailey
- Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Claudio Cobelli
- Department of Information Engineering, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Adrian Vella
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes & Metabolism, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
- Correspondence: Adrian Vella MD, Endocrine Research Unit, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, 200 First ST SW, 5–194 Joseph, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
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16
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Mather KJ, Tjaden AH, Hoehn A, Nadeau KJ, Buchanan TA, Kahn SE, Arslanian SA, Caprio S, Atkinson KM, Cree-Green M, Utzschneider KM, Edelstein SL. Precision and accuracy of hyperglycemic clamps in a multicenter study. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2021; 320:E797-E807. [PMID: 33645253 PMCID: PMC8238133 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00598.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Application of glucose clamp methodologies in multicenter studies brings challenges for standardization. The Restoring Insulin Secretion (RISE) Consortium implemented a hyperglycemic clamp protocol across seven centers using a combination of technical and management approaches to achieve standardization. Two-stage hyperglycemic clamps with glucose targets of 200 mg/dL and >450 mg/dL were performed utilizing a centralized spreadsheet-based algorithm that guided dextrose infusion rates using bedside plasma glucose measurements. Clamp operators received initial and repeated training with ongoing feedback based on surveillance of clamp performance. The precision and accuracy of the achieved stage-specific glucose targets were evaluated, including differences by study center. We also evaluated robustness of the method to baseline physiologic differences and on-study treatment effects. The RISE approach produced high overall precision (3%-9% variance in achieved plasma glucose from target at various times across the procedure) and accuracy (SD < 10% overall). Statistically significant but numerically small differences in achieved target glucose concentrations were observed across study centers, within the magnitude of the observed technical variability. Variation of the achieved target glucose over time in placebo-treated individuals was low (<3% variation), and the method was robust to differences in baseline physiology (youth vs. adult, IGT vs. diabetes status) and differences in physiology induced by study treatments. The RISE approach to standardization of the hyperglycemic clamp methodology across multiple study centers produced technically excellent standardization of achieved glucose concentrations. This approach provides a reliable method for implementing glucose clamp methodology across multiple study centers.NEW & NOTEWORTHY The Restoring Insulin Secretion (RISE) study centers undertook hyperglycemic clamps using a simplified methodology and a decision guidance algorithm implemented in an easy-to-use spreadsheet. This approach, combined with active management including ongoing central data surveillance and routine feedback to study centers, produced technically excellent standardization of achieved glucose concentrations on repeat studies within and across study centers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kieren J Mather
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Ashley H Tjaden
- The Biostatistics Center, Milken Institute School of Public Health, George Washington University, Washington, DC
| | - Adam Hoehn
- College of Osteopathic Medicine, Marian University, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Kristen J Nadeau
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Colorado
| | - Thomas A Buchanan
- Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Steven E Kahn
- Department of Medicine, VA Puget Sound Health Care System, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Silva A Arslanian
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Sonia Caprio
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Karen M Atkinson
- Department of Medicine, VA Puget Sound Health Care System, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Melanie Cree-Green
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Colorado
| | - Kristina M Utzschneider
- Department of Medicine, VA Puget Sound Health Care System, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Sharon L Edelstein
- The Biostatistics Center, Milken Institute School of Public Health, George Washington University, Washington, DC
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Mirra P, Desiderio A, Spinelli R, Nigro C, Longo M, Parrillo L, D'Esposito V, Carissimo A, Hedjazifar S, Smith U, Formisano P, Miele C, Raciti GA, Beguinot F. Adipocyte precursor cells from first degree relatives of type 2 diabetic patients feature changes in hsa-mir-23a-5p, -193a-5p, and -193b-5p and insulin-like growth factor 2 expression. FASEB J 2021; 35:e21357. [PMID: 33710685 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202002156rrr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Revised: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
First-degree relatives (FDRs) of type 2 diabetics (T2D) feature dysfunction of subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) long before T2D onset. miRNAs have a role in adipocyte precursor cells (APC) differentiation and in adipocyte identity. Thus, impaired miRNA expression may contribute to SAT dysfunction in FDRs. In the present work, we have explored changes in miRNA expression associated with T2D family history which may affect gene expression in SAT APCs from FDRs. Small RNA-seq was performed in APCs from healthy FDRs and matched controls and omics data were validated by qPCR. Integrative analyses of APC miRNome and transcriptome from FDRs revealed down-regulated hsa-miR-23a-5p, -193a-5p and -193b-5p accompanied by up-regulated Insulin-like Growth Factor 2 (IGF2) gene which proved to be their direct target. The expression changes in these marks were associated with SAT adipocyte hypertrophy in FDRs. APCs from FDRs further demonstrated reduced capability to differentiate into adipocytes. Treatment with IGF2 protein decreased APC adipogenesis, while over-expression of hsa-miR-23a-5p, -193a-5p and -193b-5p enhanced adipogenesis by IGF2 targeting. Indeed, IGF2 increased the Wnt Family Member 10B gene expression in APCs. Down-regulation of the three miRNAs and IGF2 up-regulation was also observed in Peripheral Blood Leukocytes (PBLs) from FDRs. In conclusion, APCs from FDRs feature a specific miRNA/gene profile, which associates with SAT adipocyte hypertrophy and appears to contribute to impaired adipogenesis. PBL detection of this profile may help in identifying adipocyte hypertrophy in individuals at high risk of T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Mirra
- URT Genomics of Diabetes, Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology, National Research Council, Naples, Italy.,Department of Translational Medicine, Federico II University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Antonella Desiderio
- URT Genomics of Diabetes, Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology, National Research Council, Naples, Italy.,Department of Translational Medicine, Federico II University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Rosa Spinelli
- URT Genomics of Diabetes, Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology, National Research Council, Naples, Italy.,Department of Translational Medicine, Federico II University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Cecilia Nigro
- URT Genomics of Diabetes, Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology, National Research Council, Naples, Italy.,Department of Translational Medicine, Federico II University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Michele Longo
- URT Genomics of Diabetes, Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology, National Research Council, Naples, Italy.,Department of Translational Medicine, Federico II University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Luca Parrillo
- URT Genomics of Diabetes, Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology, National Research Council, Naples, Italy.,Department of Translational Medicine, Federico II University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Vittoria D'Esposito
- URT Genomics of Diabetes, Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology, National Research Council, Naples, Italy.,Department of Translational Medicine, Federico II University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | | | - Shahram Hedjazifar
- Lundberg Laboratory for Diabetes Research, Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Ulf Smith
- Lundberg Laboratory for Diabetes Research, Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Pietro Formisano
- URT Genomics of Diabetes, Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology, National Research Council, Naples, Italy.,Department of Translational Medicine, Federico II University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Claudia Miele
- URT Genomics of Diabetes, Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology, National Research Council, Naples, Italy.,Department of Translational Medicine, Federico II University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Gregory A Raciti
- URT Genomics of Diabetes, Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology, National Research Council, Naples, Italy.,Department of Translational Medicine, Federico II University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Francesco Beguinot
- URT Genomics of Diabetes, Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology, National Research Council, Naples, Italy.,Department of Translational Medicine, Federico II University of Naples, Naples, Italy
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18
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Wang Y, Liu H, Zheng M, Yang Y, Ren H, Kong Y, Wang S, Wang J, Jiang Y, Yang J, Shan C. Berberine Slows the Progression of Prediabetes to Diabetes in Zucker Diabetic Fatty Rats by Enhancing Intestinal Secretion of Glucagon-Like Peptide-2 and Improving the Gut Microbiota. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:609134. [PMID: 34025574 PMCID: PMC8138858 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.609134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Berberine is a plant alkaloid that has multiple beneficial effects against intestine inflammation. In our previous study, we have found that berberine also possesses an antidiabetic effect. However, whether berberine is useful in the prevention of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) through its effect on intestine endocrine function and gut microbiota is unclear. AIM To investigate the effects of berberine in the prevention of T2DM, as well as its effects on intestine GLP-2 secretion and gut microbiota in ZDF rats. METHODS Twenty Zucker Diabetic Fatty (ZDF) rats were fed a high-energy diet until they exhibited impaired glucose tolerance (IGT). The rats were then divided into two groups to receive berberine (100 mg/kg/d; berberine group) or vehicle (IGT group) by gavage for 3 weeks. Five Zucker Lean (ZL) rats were used as controls. Fasting blood glucose (FBG) was measured, an oral glucose tolerance test was performed, and the Homeostatic Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR) was calculated. Intestinal expression of TLR-4, NF-κB, TNF-α, mucin, zona occludens-1 (ZO-1) and occludin were assessed (immunohistochemistry). Plasma levels and glutamine-induced intestinal secretion of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and GLP-2 were measured (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay). The plasma lipopolysaccharide (LPS) level was measured. Fecal DNA extraction, pyrosequencing, and bioinformatics analysis were performed. RESULTS After 3 weeks of intervention, diabetes developed in all rats in the IGT group, but only 30% of rats in the berberine group. Treatment with berberine was associated with reductions in food intake, FBG level, insulin resistance, and plasma LPS level, as well as increases in fasting plasma GLP-2 level and glutamine-induced intestinal GLP-2 secretion. Berberine could increase the goblet cell number and villi length, and also reverse the suppressed expressions of mucin, occludin, ZO-1 and the upregulated expressions of TLR-4, NF-κB and TNF-α induced in IGT rats (P<0.05). Berberine also improved the structure of the gut microbiota and restored species diversity. CONCLUSION Berberine may slow the progression of prediabetes to T2DM in ZDF rats by improving GLP-2 secretion, intestinal permeability, and the structure of the gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Wang
- National Health Council (NHC) Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Chu Hsien-I Memorial Hospital and Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Haiyi Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, Cangzhou People’s Hospital, Cangzhou, China
| | - Miaoyan Zheng
- National Health Council (NHC) Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Chu Hsien-I Memorial Hospital and Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yanhui Yang
- National Health Council (NHC) Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Chu Hsien-I Memorial Hospital and Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Huizhu Ren
- National Health Council (NHC) Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Chu Hsien-I Memorial Hospital and Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yan Kong
- National Health Council (NHC) Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Chu Hsien-I Memorial Hospital and Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Shanshan Wang
- National Health Council (NHC) Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Chu Hsien-I Memorial Hospital and Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Jingyu Wang
- National Health Council (NHC) Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Chu Hsien-I Memorial Hospital and Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yingying Jiang
- National Health Council (NHC) Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Chu Hsien-I Memorial Hospital and Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Juhong Yang
- National Health Council (NHC) Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Chu Hsien-I Memorial Hospital and Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
- *Correspondence: Juhong Yang, ; Chunyan Shan,
| | - Chunyan Shan
- National Health Council (NHC) Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Chu Hsien-I Memorial Hospital and Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
- *Correspondence: Juhong Yang, ; Chunyan Shan,
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Siddiqui K, Scaria Joy S, George TP. Circulating resistin levels in relation with insulin resistance, inflammatory and endothelial dysfunction markers in patients with type 2 diabetes and impaired fasting glucose. ENDOCRINE AND METABOLIC SCIENCE 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.endmts.2020.100059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
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20
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Jafari-Vayghan H, Varshosaz P, Hajizadeh-Sharafabad F, Razmi HR, Amirpour M, Tavakoli-Rouzbehani OM, Alizadeh M, Maleki V. A comprehensive insight into the effect of glutamine supplementation on metabolic variables in diabetes mellitus: a systematic review. Nutr Metab (Lond) 2020; 17:80. [PMID: 32983244 PMCID: PMC7517657 DOI: 10.1186/s12986-020-00503-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is one of the most important threats to human health in the twenty-first century.
The use of complementary and alternative medicine to prevent, control, and reduce the complications of diabetes mellitus is increasing at present. Glutamine amino acid is known as a functional food.
The purpose of this systematic review is to determine the potential role of glutamine supplementation on metabolic variables in diabetes mellitus. For this review, PubMed, SCOPUS, Embase, ProQuest, and Google Scholar databases were searched from inception through April 2020. All clinical trial and animal studies assessing the effects of glutamine on diabetes mellitus were eligible for inclusion. 19 studies of 1482 articles met the inclusion criteria. Of the 19 studies, nine studies reported a significant increase in serum GLP-1 levels. Also, eight studies showed reducing in serum levels of fasting blood sugar, four studies reducing in postprandial blood sugar, and triglyceride after glutamine supplementation. Although glutamine resulted in a significant increase in insulin production in seven studies, the findings on Hb-A1c levels were inconclusive. In addition to, despite of the results was promising for the effects of glutamine on weight changes, oxidative stress, and inflammation, more precise clinical trials are needed to obtain more accurate results. In conclusion, glutamine supplementation could improve glycemic control and levels of incretins (such as GLP-1 and GIP) in diabetes mellitus. However, more studies are needed for future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamed Jafari-Vayghan
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Faculty of Health, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran
| | - Parisa Varshosaz
- Departments of Chemistry and Biochemistry, and Biology and Biomolecular Sciences Program, Laurentian University, Sudbury, ON Canada
| | - Fatemeh Hajizadeh-Sharafabad
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Science, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Hamid Reza Razmi
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mahdi Amirpour
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | | | - Mohammad Alizadeh
- Nutrition Research Center, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Vahid Maleki
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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Parrillo L, Spinelli R, Longo M, Desiderio A, Mirra P, Nigro C, Fiory F, Hedjazifar S, Mutarelli M, Carissimo A, Formisano P, Miele C, Smith U, Raciti GA, Beguinot F. Altered PTPRD DNA methylation associates with restricted adipogenesis in healthy first-degree relatives of Type 2 diabetes subjects. Epigenomics 2020; 12:873-888. [PMID: 32483983 DOI: 10.2217/epi-2019-0267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim: First-degree relatives (FDR) of individuals with Type 2 diabetes (T2D) feature restricted adipogenesis, which render them more vulnerable to T2D. Epigenetics may contribute to these abnormalities. Methods: FDR pre-adipocyte Methylome and Transcriptome were investigated by MeDIP- and RNA-Seq, respectively. Results: Methylome analysis revealed 2841 differentially methylated regions (DMR) in FDR. Most DMR localized into gene-body and were hypomethylated. The strongest hypomethylation signal was identified in an intronic-DMR at the PTPRD gene. PTPRD hypomethylation in FDR was confirmed by bisulphite sequencing and was responsible for its upregulation. Interestingly, Ptprd-overexpression in 3T3-L1 pre-adipocytes inhibited adipogenesis. Notably, the validated PTPRD-associated DMR was significantly hypomethylated in peripheral blood leukocytes from the same FDR individuals. Finally, PTPRD methylation pattern was also replicated in obese individuals. Conclusion: Our findings indicated a previously unrecognized role of PTPRD in restraining adipogenesis. This abnormality may contribute to increase FDR proclivity toward T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Parrillo
- URT Genomics of Diabetes-IEOS, CNR & Department of Translational Medicine - Federico II University of Naples, 80131, Italy
| | - Rosa Spinelli
- URT Genomics of Diabetes-IEOS, CNR & Department of Translational Medicine - Federico II University of Naples, 80131, Italy
| | - Michele Longo
- URT Genomics of Diabetes-IEOS, CNR & Department of Translational Medicine - Federico II University of Naples, 80131, Italy
| | - Antonella Desiderio
- URT Genomics of Diabetes-IEOS, CNR & Department of Translational Medicine - Federico II University of Naples, 80131, Italy
| | - Paola Mirra
- URT Genomics of Diabetes-IEOS, CNR & Department of Translational Medicine - Federico II University of Naples, 80131, Italy
| | - Cecilia Nigro
- URT Genomics of Diabetes-IEOS, CNR & Department of Translational Medicine - Federico II University of Naples, 80131, Italy
| | - Francesca Fiory
- URT Genomics of Diabetes-IEOS, CNR & Department of Translational Medicine - Federico II University of Naples, 80131, Italy
| | - Shahram Hedjazifar
- Lundberg Laboratory for Diabetes Research, Department of Molecular & Clinical Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, 41345, Sweden
| | | | | | - Pietro Formisano
- URT Genomics of Diabetes-IEOS, CNR & Department of Translational Medicine - Federico II University of Naples, 80131, Italy
| | - Claudia Miele
- URT Genomics of Diabetes-IEOS, CNR & Department of Translational Medicine - Federico II University of Naples, 80131, Italy
| | - Ulf Smith
- Lundberg Laboratory for Diabetes Research, Department of Molecular & Clinical Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, 41345, Sweden
| | - Gregory Alexander Raciti
- URT Genomics of Diabetes-IEOS, CNR & Department of Translational Medicine - Federico II University of Naples, 80131, Italy
| | - Francesco Beguinot
- URT Genomics of Diabetes-IEOS, CNR & Department of Translational Medicine - Federico II University of Naples, 80131, Italy
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Simental-Mendía LE, Gamboa-Gómez CI, Aradillas-García C, Rodríguez-Morán M, Guerrero-Romero F. The triglyceride and glucose index is a useful biomarker to recognize glucose disorders in apparently healthy children and adolescents. Eur J Pediatr 2020; 179:953-958. [PMID: 32016604 DOI: 10.1007/s00431-020-03570-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Revised: 12/27/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
It has been suggested that the triglyceride and glucose (TyG) index is an early indicator for type 2 diabetes (T2D) in adults. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate whether the TyG index is useful in the screening of glucose disorders (GD) in apparently healthy children and adolescents. Eligible participants were apparently healthy children and adolescents. Individuals with new diagnosis of GD were allocated into the study groups with impaired fasting glucose (IFG), impaired glucose tolerance (IGT), and T2D. Participants with normal glucose tolerance (NGT) were the control group. In total, 1872 children and adolescents were enrolled and allocated into the study groups. Diagnosis of NGT, IFG, IGT, and T2D was established in 1541 (82.3%), 256 (13.7%), 66 (3.5%), and 9 (0.4%) children, respectively. In girls, the best cutoff points of the TyG index for identifying IFG, IGT, and T2D were 4.51 (sensitivity 59.8%, specificity 59.8%), 4.55 (sensitivity 63.0%, specificity 64.3%), and 4.63 (sensitivity 75.0%, specificity 74.6%), respectively; and in boys were 4.52 (sensitivity 62.8%, specificity 64.2%), 4.54 (sensitivity 71.8%, specificity 65.1%), and 4.82 (sensitivity 91.0%, specificity 990.6%), respectively.Conclusion: Our results suggest that the TyG index may be a useful tool for screening GD in healthy children and adolescents.What is Known:• Prevalence of prediabetes and type 2 diabetes is increasing worldwide among young adults and adolescents.• Elevated fasting glucose and triglyceride concentrations have been recognized as independent risk factors for type 2 diabetes.What is New:• The TyG index exhibited highest sensitivity and specificity to detect impaired fasting glucose, impaired glucose tolerance, and type 2 diabetes.• The TyG index may be a useful tool for the screening of glucose disorders in apparently healthy children and adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis E Simental-Mendía
- Unidad de Investigación Biomédica, Delegación Durango, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Canoas 100, Col. Los Angeles, 34067, Durango, DGO, Mexico
| | - Claudia I Gamboa-Gómez
- Unidad de Investigación Biomédica, Delegación Durango, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Canoas 100, Col. Los Angeles, 34067, Durango, DGO, Mexico
| | - Celia Aradillas-García
- Hormone Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, University of San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosí, Mexico
| | - Martha Rodríguez-Morán
- Unidad de Investigación Biomédica, Delegación Durango, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Canoas 100, Col. Los Angeles, 34067, Durango, DGO, Mexico
| | - Fernando Guerrero-Romero
- Unidad de Investigación Biomédica, Delegación Durango, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Canoas 100, Col. Los Angeles, 34067, Durango, DGO, Mexico.
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23
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Wang B, Li M, Zhao Z, Wang S, Lu J, Chen Y, Xu M, Wang W, Ning G, Bi Y, Wang T, Xu Y. Glycemic Measures and Development and Resolution of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Nondiabetic Individuals. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2020; 105:5798911. [PMID: 32144419 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgaa112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2019] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is closely associated with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD); however, evidence regarding the link between blood glucose, especially below the threshold for T2D, and NAFLD is scarce. OBJECTIVE The objective of this work is to examine the associations of fasting glucose, oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) 2-hour glucose, and hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), and changes in these measures with development and resolution of NAFLD in nondiabetic individuals. METHODS This longitudinal cohort study comprised 4273 Chinese adults age 40 years or older and free of baseline T2D from 2010 to 2015. Blood sampling was performed during the OGTT test. NAFLD was ascertained by hepatic ultrasonography. Risk ratios (RRs) were calculated using modified Poisson regression models. RESULTS During a mean 4.4 years of follow-up, NAFLD occurred in 573 (17.9%) of the 3209 participants without baseline NAFLD and resolved in 304 (28.6%) of the 1064 participants with baseline NAFLD. OGTT 2-h glucose was positively associated with NAFLD incidence (RR per 1-SD increase: 1.16, 95% CI: 1.08-1.25), whereas fasting (RR: 0.86, 95% CI: 0.78-0.94) and 2-hour glucose (RR: 0.85, 95% CI: 0.77-0.93) were inversely associated with resolution of NAFLD. Glycemic deterioration conferred increased risk of developing NAFLD and decreased likelihood of resolution of NAFLD than maintaining normal glycemic regulation (NGR). The strongest associations were observed for individuals who developed T2D. Meanwhile, baseline or incident NAFLD significantly increased the risk of deterioration in glucose metabolism. CONCLUSIONS Increased glycemic levels within the nondiabetic range, as well as progression from NGR to T2D or prediabetes, were adversely associated with development and improvement of NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Wang
- Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission, National Clinical Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Rui-Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Rui-Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Mian Li
- Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission, National Clinical Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Rui-Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Rui-Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhiyun Zhao
- Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission, National Clinical Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Rui-Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Rui-Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuangyuan Wang
- Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission, National Clinical Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Rui-Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Rui-Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jieli Lu
- Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission, National Clinical Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Rui-Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Rui-Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuhong Chen
- Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission, National Clinical Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Rui-Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Rui-Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Min Xu
- Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission, National Clinical Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Rui-Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Rui-Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Weiqing Wang
- Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission, National Clinical Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Rui-Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Rui-Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Guang Ning
- Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission, National Clinical Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Rui-Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Rui-Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yufang Bi
- Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission, National Clinical Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Rui-Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Rui-Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Tiange Wang
- Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission, National Clinical Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Rui-Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Rui-Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu Xu
- Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission, National Clinical Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Rui-Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Rui-Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Papaetis GS. Liraglutide Therapy in a Prediabetic State: Rethinking the Evidence. Curr Diabetes Rev 2020; 16:699-715. [PMID: 31886752 DOI: 10.2174/1573399816666191230113446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Revised: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prediabetes is defined as a state of glucose metabolism between normal glucose tolerance and type 2 diabetes. Continuous β-cell failure and death are the reasons for the evolution from normal glucose tolerance to prediabetes and finally type 2 diabetes. INTRODUCTION The necessity of new therapeutic approaches in order to prevent or delay the development of type 2 diabetes is obligatory. Liraglutide, a long-acting GLP-1 receptor agonist, has 97% homology for native GLP-1. Identification of the trophic and antiapoptotic properties of liraglutide in preclinical studies, together with evidence of sustained β-cell function longevity during its administration in type 2 diabetes individuals, indicated its earliest possible administration during this disease, or even before its development, so as to postpone or delay its onset. METHODS Pubmed and Google databases have been thoroughly searched and relevant studies were selected. RESULTS This paper explores the current evidence of liraglutide administration both in humans and animal models with prediabetes. Also, it investigates the safety profile of liraglutide treatment and its future role to postpone or delay the evolution of type 2 diabetes. CONCLUSION Liralgutide remains a valuable tool in our therapeutic armamentarium for individuals who are overweight or obese and have prediabetes. Future well designed studies will give valuable information that will help clinicians to stratify individuals who will derive the most benefit from this agent, achieving targeted therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgios S Papaetis
- Internal Medicine and Diabetes Clinic, Eleftherios Venizelos Avenue 62, Paphos, Cyprus
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25
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Dollerup OL, Trammell SAJ, Hartmann B, Holst JJ, Christensen B, Møller N, Gillum MP, Treebak JT, Jessen N. Effects of Nicotinamide Riboside on Endocrine Pancreatic Function and Incretin Hormones in Nondiabetic Men With Obesity. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2019; 104:5703-5714. [PMID: 31390002 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2019-01081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2019] [Accepted: 08/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Augmenting nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) metabolism through dietary provision of NAD+ precursor vitamins translates to improved glucose handling in rodent models of obesity and diabetes. Preclinical evidence suggests that the NAD+/SIRT1 axis may be implicated in modulating important gut-related aspects of glucose regulation. We sought to test whether NAD+ precursor supplementation with nicotinamide riboside (NR) affects β-cell function, α-cell function, and incretin hormone secretion as well as circulating bile acid levels in humans. DESIGN A 12-week randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group trial in 40 males with obesity and insulin resistance allocated to NR at 1000 mg twice daily (n = 20) or placebo (n = 20). Two-hour 75-g oral glucose tolerance tests were performed before and after the intervention, and plasma concentrations of glucose, insulin, C-peptide, glucagon, glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1), and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) were determined. β-Cell function indices were calculated based on glucose, insulin, and C-peptide measurements. Fasting plasma concentrations of bile acids were determined. RESULTS NR supplementation during 12 weeks did not affect fasting or postglucose challenge concentrations of glucose, insulin, C-peptide, glucagon, GLP-1, or GIP, and β-cell function did not respond to the intervention. Additionally, no changes in circulating adipsin or bile acids were observed following NR supplementation. CONCLUSION The current study does not provide evidence to support that dietary supplementation with the NAD+ precursor NR serves to impact glucose tolerance, β-cell secretory capacity, α-cell function, and incretin hormone secretion in nondiabetic males with obesity. Moreover, bile acid levels in plasma did not change in response to NR supplementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ole L Dollerup
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Medical Research Laboratory, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Samuel A J Trammell
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Bolette Hartmann
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Section for Translational Metabolic Physiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Jens J Holst
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Section for Translational Metabolic Physiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Britt Christensen
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Medical Research Laboratory, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Niels Møller
- Medical Research Laboratory, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Endocrinology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Matthew P Gillum
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jonas T Treebak
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Niels Jessen
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Steno Diabetes Center Aarhus, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
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Ferjan S, Jensterle M, Oblak T, Zitnik IP, Marc J, Goricar K, Dolzan V, Janez A. An impaired glucagon-like peptide-1 response is associated with prediabetes in polycystic ovary syndrome with obesity. J Int Med Res 2019; 47:4691-4700. [PMID: 31438749 PMCID: PMC6833370 DOI: 10.1177/0300060519865351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Impaired glucose homeostasis in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is associated with obesity, age, and disease phenotype. This study aimed to investigate the glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) response in patients with obesity and PCOS with normal glucose tolerance (NGT) or prediabetes. Methods Twenty-six women with obesity and PCOS were included. Thirteen women had NGT and 13 had prediabetes. Serum glucose, insulin, and GLP-1 levels were measured during an oral glucose tolerance test. Beta-cell function and insulin resistance were determined. Results Women with prediabetes had significantly lower GLP-1 levels than did those with NGT after a glucose load. GLP-1 levels <3.02 pM at 120 minutes were associated with prediabetes. Women with prediabetes had a lower oral glucose insulin sensitivity (OGIS) index and greater amount of visceral adipose tissue than did those with NGT. Plasma GLP-1 levels at 120 minutes were correlated with visceral adiposity and the OGIS index. A change in GLP-1 levels was correlated with a family history of type 2 diabetes. Conclusion The GLP-1 response is lower in patients with obesity, PCOS, and prediabetes than in those with obesity, PCOS, and NGT. Further investigation of the GLP-1 response as a potential separate risk factor for prediabetes in PCOS is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Ferjan
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, University Medical Centre, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.,University of Ljubljana Faculty of Medicine, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Mojca Jensterle
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, University Medical Centre, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.,University of Ljubljana Faculty of Medicine, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Tjasa Oblak
- University of Ljubljana Faculty of Medicine, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | | | - Janja Marc
- University of Ljubljana Faculty of Pharmacy, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Katja Goricar
- University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Biochemistry, Pharmacogenetics Laboratory, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Vita Dolzan
- University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Biochemistry, Pharmacogenetics Laboratory, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Andrej Janez
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, University Medical Centre, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.,University of Ljubljana Faculty of Medicine, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
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Mahat RK, Singh N, Arora M, Rathore V. Health risks and interventions in prediabetes: A review. Diabetes Metab Syndr 2019; 13:2803-2811. [PMID: 31405710 DOI: 10.1016/j.dsx.2019.07.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 07/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Prediabetes is a condition which appears prior to the development of diabetes in which blood glucose is abnormally high but do not reach the diagnostic threshold of type 2 diabetes mellitus. It is characterized by a cluster of metabolic abnormalities viz. dysglycemia, dyslipidemia, hypertension, physical inactivity, obesity, insulin resistance, procoagulant state, endothelial dysfunction, oxidative stress and inflammation, placing prediabetic subjects to an increased risk for diabetes and its complications. Recent studies demonstrate that complications of diabetes i.e. microvascular and macrovascular complications may manifest in some prediabetic subjects. This article reviews prediabetes-related risk factors and health issues. In addition, this article also highlights the interventions to prevent the development of diabetes in prediabetic subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roshan Kumar Mahat
- Department of Biochemistry, Gajra Raja Medical College, Jiwaji University, Gwalior, Madhya Pradesh, 474009, India; Department of Biochemistry, Muzaffarnagar Medical College, Muzaffarnagar, Uttar Pradesh, 251203, India.
| | | | - Manisha Arora
- Department of Biochemistry, Muzaffarnagar Medical College, Muzaffarnagar, Uttar Pradesh, 251203, India
| | - Vedika Rathore
- Department of Biochemistry, Shyam Shah Medical College, Rewa, Madhya Pradesh, 486001, India
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Liu L, Guan X, Yuan Z, Zhao M, Li Q, Zhang X, Zhang H, Zheng D, Xu J, Gao L, Guan Q, Zhao J. Different Contributions of Dyslipidemia and Obesity to the Natural History of Type 2 Diabetes: 3-Year Cohort Study in China. J Diabetes Res 2019; 2019:4328975. [PMID: 30949514 PMCID: PMC6425409 DOI: 10.1155/2019/4328975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2018] [Accepted: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM It is known that different stages of type 2 diabetes represent distinct pathophysiological changes, but how the spectrum of risk factors varies at different stages is not yet clarified. Hence, the aim of this study was to compare the effect of different metabolic variables on the natural history of type 2 diabetes. METHODS A total of 5,213 nondiabetic (normal glucose tolerance (NGT) and prediabetes) Chinese older than 40 years participated this prospective cohort study, and 4,577 completed the 3-year follow-up. Glycemic status was determined by standard oral glucose tolerance test both at enrollment and follow-up visit. Predictors for conversion in glycemic status were studied in a corresponding subcohort using the multiple logistic regression analysis. RESULTS The incidence of prediabetes and diabetes of the cohort was 93.6 and 42.2 per 1,000 person-years, respectively. After a 3-year follow-up, 33.1% of prediabetes patients regressed to NGT. The predictive weight of body mass index (BMI), serum triglyceride, total cholesterol, and systolic blood pressure in different paths of conversions among diabetes, prediabetes, and NGT differed. Specifically, BMI was the strongest predictor for regression from prediabetes to NGT, while triglyceride was most prominent for onset of diabetes. One SD increase in serum triglyceride was associated with a 1.29- (95% CI 1.10-1.52; P = 0.002) or 1.12- (95% CI 1.01-1.27; P = 0.039) fold higher risk of diabetes for individuals with NGT or prediabetes, respectively. CONCLUSION Risk factors for different stages of diabetes differed, suggesting personalized preventive strategies for individuals with different basal glycemic statuses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, 250021, China
- Shandong Clinical Medical Center of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shandong Academy of Clinical Medicine, 250021, China
- Department of Senior Officials Health Care, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, 100029, China
| | - Xiaoling Guan
- Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, 250021, China
- Shandong Clinical Medical Center of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shandong Academy of Clinical Medicine, 250021, China
- Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, 250014, China
| | - Zhongshang Yuan
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Shandong University, 250012, China
| | - Meng Zhao
- Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, 250021, China
- Shandong Clinical Medical Center of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shandong Academy of Clinical Medicine, 250021, China
| | - Qiu Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, 250021, China
- Shandong Clinical Medical Center of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shandong Academy of Clinical Medicine, 250021, China
| | - Xu Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, 250021, China
- Shandong Clinical Medical Center of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shandong Academy of Clinical Medicine, 250021, China
| | - Haiqing Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, 250021, China
- Shandong Clinical Medical Center of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shandong Academy of Clinical Medicine, 250021, China
| | - Dongmei Zheng
- Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, 250021, China
- Shandong Clinical Medical Center of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shandong Academy of Clinical Medicine, 250021, China
| | - Jin Xu
- Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, 250021, China
- Shandong Clinical Medical Center of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shandong Academy of Clinical Medicine, 250021, China
| | - Ling Gao
- Shandong Clinical Medical Center of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shandong Academy of Clinical Medicine, 250021, China
- Scientific Center, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, 250021, China
| | - Qingbo Guan
- Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, 250021, China
- Shandong Clinical Medical Center of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shandong Academy of Clinical Medicine, 250021, China
| | - Jiajun Zhao
- Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, 250021, China
- Shandong Clinical Medical Center of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shandong Academy of Clinical Medicine, 250021, China
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Niculescu DA, Dusceac R, Caragheorgheopol A, Popescu N, Poiana C. Disposition Index in Active Acromegaly. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2019; 10:637. [PMID: 31620090 PMCID: PMC6759813 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2019.00637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The relative contribution of reduced insulin sensitivity (Si) or insulin secretion to impaired fasting glucose (IFG) or diabetes mellitus (DM) has not been clarified in active acromegaly. An intravenous glucose tolerance test (IVGTT) was never used for the calculation of Si, acute insulin response (AIRg), and disposition index (DI) in this population. Our aim was to assess Si, AIRg and DI using an IVGTT in acromegaly with normal (NGT) and abnormal glucose tolerance. Methods: We performed an IVGTT in 13 patients (8 NGT, 2 IFG, and 3 DM; 5 males, age 47.9 ± 11 years, body mass index 29.7 ± 4.1 kg/m2) with active acromegaly (insulin-like growth factor-1 4.1 ± 1.3 × upper limit of normal, basal GH 29.1 ± 25 ng/mL) and 3 healthy controls (2 males, age 39 ± 3 years, body mass index 23 ± 5 kg/m2). No patient had any growth hormone- or glucose-lowering medication. Results: NGT patients had significantly lower Si than healthy controls but higher AIRg. Hyperglycemic and normoglycemic patients had similar Si. DM patients had severely diminished AIRg (5-260 pmol × min/L) while IFG patients maintained their insulin secretion (3,862 and 912 pmol × min/L). Patients with abnormal glucose tolerance (IFG + DM) had a significantly lower DI (353 ± 350) than both NGT patients (3,685 ± 2,544) and healthy controls (5,837 ± 1,894; p < 0.01 for ANOVA). Conclusions: Disposition index suggests that although reduced insulin sensitivity is characteristic of active acromegaly it is the impaired insulin secretion that mainly drives glucose intolerance. The clinical utility of DI in predicting DM in acromegaly must be further investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Alexandru Niculescu
- Department of Endocrinology, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
- *Correspondence: Dan Alexandru Niculescu
| | - Roxana Dusceac
- Department of Endocrinology, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Andra Caragheorgheopol
- Research Laboratory, C. I. Parhon National Institute of Endocrinology, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Nicoleta Popescu
- Biochemistry Department, C. I. Parhon National Institute of Endocrinology, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Catalina Poiana
- Department of Endocrinology, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
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Adipose tissue dysfunction is associated with low levels of the novel Palmitic Acid Hydroxystearic Acids. Sci Rep 2018; 8:15757. [PMID: 30361530 PMCID: PMC6202399 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-34113-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2018] [Accepted: 10/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Adipose tissue dysfunction is considered an important contributor to systemic insulin resistance and Type 2 diabetes (T2D). Recently, a novel family of endogenous lipids, palmitic acid hydroxy stearic acids (PAHSAs), was discovered. These have anti-diabetic and anti-inflammatory effects in mice and are reduced in serum and adipose tissue of insulin resistant humans. In the present study, we investigate if adipose tissue dysfunction is associated with reduced PAHSA levels in human subjects and if PAHSAs influence adipocyte differentiation. Our results show that low expression of adipocyte GLUT4 and adipocyte hypertrophy, markers of adipose tissue dysfunction, are associated with reduced expression of key enzymes for de novo lipogenesis and adipose tissue levels of PAHSAs in human subjects. We also show that GLUT4 is not only a marker of adipose tissue dysfunction, but may be causally related to the observed impairments. PAHSAs may also act locally in the adipose tissue to improve adipogenesis through a mechanism bypassing direct activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPARγ). The discovery of PAHSAs and our current results provide novel insights into positive effects of lipid species in adipose tissue and mechanisms by which dysfunctional adipose tissue is associated with insulin resistance and risk of developing T2D.
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Ruetten H, Gebauer M, Raymond RH, Calle RA, Cobelli C, Ghosh A, Robertson RP, Shankar SS, Staten MA, Stefanovski D, Vella A, Wright K, Fryburg DA. Mixed Meal and Intravenous L-Arginine Tests Both Stimulate Incretin Release Across Glucose Tolerance in Man: Lack of Correlation with β Cell Function. Metab Syndr Relat Disord 2018; 16:406-415. [PMID: 30117761 DOI: 10.1089/met.2018.0022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aims of this study were to 1. define the responses of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP), glucagon, and peptide YY (PYY) to an oral meal and to intravenous L-arginine; and 2. examine correlation of enteroendocrine hormones with insulin secretion. We hypothesized a relationship between circulating incretin concentrations and insulin secretion. METHODS Subjects with normal glucose tolerance (NGT, n = 23), prediabetes (PDM, n = 17), or with type 2 diabetes (T2DM, n = 22) were studied twice, following a mixed test meal (470 kCal) (mixed meal tolerance test [MMTT]) or intravenous L-arginine (arginine maximal stimulation test [AST], 5 g). GLP-1 (total and active), PYY, GIP, glucagon, and β cell function were measured before and following each stimulus. RESULTS Baseline enteroendocrine hormones differed across the glucose tolerance (GT) spectrum, T2DM generally >NGT and PDM. In response to MMTT, total and active GLP-1, GIP, glucagon, and PYY increased in all populations. The incremental area-under-the-curve (0-120 min) of analytes like total GLP-1 were often higher in T2DM compared with NGT and PDM (35-51%; P < 0.05). At baseline glucose, L-arginine increased total and active GLP-1 and glucagon concentrations in all GT populations (all P < 0.05). As expected, the MMTT and AST provoked differential glucose, insulin, and C-peptide responses across GT populations. Baseline or stimulated enteroendocrine hormone concentrations did not consistently correlate with either measure of β cell function. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION Both MMTT and AST resulted in insulin and enteroendocrine hormone responses across GT populations without consistent correlation between release of incretins and insulin, which is in line with other published research. If a defect is in the enteroendocrine/β cell axis, it is probably reduced response to rather than diminished secretion of enteroendocrine hormones.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Claudio Cobelli
- 4 Department of Information Engineering, University of Padova , Padova, Italy
| | - Atalanta Ghosh
- 5 Janssen Research and Development , Raritan, New Jersey
| | - R Paul Robertson
- 6 Pacific Northwest Diabetes Institute, University of Washington , Seattle, Washington
| | - Sudha S Shankar
- 7 Lilly Research Laboratories, Lilly Corporate Center , Indianapolis, Indiana
| | | | - Darko Stefanovski
- 9 School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Adrian Vella
- 10 Division of Endocrinology, Mayo Clinic and Foundation , Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Kathryn Wright
- 11 Wright Biomarker Consulting , Gales Ferry, Connecticut
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Hytting-Andreasen R, Balk-Møller E, Hartmann B, Pedersen J, Windeløv JA, Holst JJ, Kissow H. Endogenous glucagon-like peptide- 1 and 2 are essential for regeneration after acute intestinal injury in mice. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0198046. [PMID: 29864142 PMCID: PMC5986149 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0198046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2018] [Accepted: 05/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Mucositis is a side effect of chemotherapy seen in the digestive tract, with symptoms including pain, diarrhoea, inflammation and ulcerations. Our aim was to investigate whether endogenous glucagon-like peptide -1 and -2 (GLP-1 and GLP-2) are implicated in intestinal healing after chemotherapy-induced mucositis. Design We used a transgenic mouse model Tg(GCG.DTR)(Tg) expressing the human diphtheria toxin receptor in the proglucagon-producing cells. Injections with diphtheria toxin ablated the GLP-1 and GLP-2 producing L-cells in Tg mice with no effect in wild-type (WT) mice. Mice were injected with 5-fluorouracil or saline and received vehicle, exendin-4, teduglutide (gly2-GLP-2), or exendin-4/teduglutide in combination. The endpoints were body weight change, small intestinal weight, morphology, histological scoring of mucositis and myeloperoxidase levels. Results Ablation of L-cells led to impaired GLP-2 secretion; increased loss of body weight; lower small intestinal weight; lower crypt depth, villus height and mucosal area; and increased the mucositis severity score in mice given 5-fluorouracil. WT mice showed compensatory hyperproliferation as a sign of regeneration in the recovery phase. Co-treatment with exendin-4 and teduglutide rescued the body weight of the Tg mice and led to a hyperproliferation in the small intestine, whereas single treatment was less effective. Conclusion The ablation of L-cells leads to severe mucositis and insufficient intestinal healing, shown by severe body weight loss and lack of compensatory hyperproliferation in the recovery phase. Co-treatment with exendin-4 and teduglutide could prevent this. Because both peptides were needed, we can conclude that both GLP-1 and GLP-2 are essential for intestinal healing in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rasmus Hytting-Andreasen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- NNF Center of Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Emilie Balk-Møller
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- NNF Center of Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Bolette Hartmann
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- NNF Center of Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jens Pedersen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- NNF Center of Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Johanne Agerlin Windeløv
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- NNF Center of Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jens Juul Holst
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- NNF Center of Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Hannelouise Kissow
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- NNF Center of Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- * E-mail:
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Tumminia A, Milluzzo A, Cinti F, Parisi M, Tata F, Frasca F, Frittitta L, Vigneri R, Sciacca L. Abnormal 1-hour post-load glycemia during pregnancy impairs post-partum metabolic status: a single-center experience. J Endocrinol Invest 2018; 41:567-573. [PMID: 29064082 DOI: 10.1007/s40618-017-0774-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2017] [Accepted: 10/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Recent evidence indicates that people with normal glucose tolerance (NGT) but 1-h post-load plasma glucose (1-h OGTT) ≥ 155 mg/dl have an increased risk for developing Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), determining a new risk category with deeper metabolic impairment. The aim of this study was to identify, among women with gestational diabetes (GDM), which alterations at OGTT during pregnancy are more frequently associated with 1-h OGTT ≥ 155 mg/dl at post-partum examination. METHODS Among 297 women affected by GDM, we retrospectively evaluated 244 resulted NGT after delivery. Based on post-partum glucose levels at 1-h OGTT, these people were divided into 188 cases (77.0%) with 1-h OGTT < 155 mg/dl (L-NGT) and 56 (23.0%) with 1-h OGTT ≥ 155 mg/dl (H-NGT). RESULTS Abnormal glucose levels at 1-h OGTT during pregnancy (≥ 180 mg/dl) were more frequent in H-NGT than in L-NGT (39.3 vs. 24.6%, odds ratio 3.7 [95% CI 1.4-9.6]; p = 0.016). Moreover, H-NGT showed more frequently the simultaneous alteration of all three OGTT plasma glucose values during pregnancy (10.7 vs. 2.1%, odds ratio 4.5 [95% CI 1.5-20.3]; p = 0.038) and less frequently the alteration of fasting plasma glucose alone (14.3 vs. 30.8%, odds ratio 0.4 [95% CI 0.1-0.7]; p = 0.028). CONCLUSIONS Abnormal 1-h OGTT during pregnancy predicts an increased risk for post-partum 1-h OGTT ≥ 155 mg/dl in women with previous GDM. Even if NGT after delivery, these women may require a closer long-term post-partum follow-up, being at higher risk to develop future glucose intolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Tumminia
- Endocrinology Section, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Garibaldi-Nesima Hospital, University of Catania, via Palermo 636, 95122, Catania, Italy
| | - A Milluzzo
- Endocrinology Section, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Garibaldi-Nesima Hospital, University of Catania, via Palermo 636, 95122, Catania, Italy
| | - F Cinti
- Endocrinology Section, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Garibaldi-Nesima Hospital, University of Catania, via Palermo 636, 95122, Catania, Italy
| | - M Parisi
- Endocrinology Section, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Garibaldi-Nesima Hospital, University of Catania, via Palermo 636, 95122, Catania, Italy
| | - F Tata
- Endocrinology Section, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Garibaldi-Nesima Hospital, University of Catania, via Palermo 636, 95122, Catania, Italy
| | - F Frasca
- Endocrinology Section, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Garibaldi-Nesima Hospital, University of Catania, via Palermo 636, 95122, Catania, Italy
| | - L Frittitta
- Endocrinology Section, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Garibaldi-Nesima Hospital, University of Catania, via Palermo 636, 95122, Catania, Italy
| | - R Vigneri
- Endocrinology Section, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Garibaldi-Nesima Hospital, University of Catania, via Palermo 636, 95122, Catania, Italy
- Institute of Bioimages and Biostructures, CNR, via Gaifami 18, 95126, Catania, Italy
| | - L Sciacca
- Endocrinology Section, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Garibaldi-Nesima Hospital, University of Catania, via Palermo 636, 95122, Catania, Italy.
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Longo M, Raciti GA, Zatterale F, Parrillo L, Desiderio A, Spinelli R, Hammarstedt A, Hedjazifar S, Hoffmann JM, Nigro C, Mirra P, Fiory F, Formisano P, Miele C, Smith U, Beguinot F. Epigenetic modifications of the Zfp/ZNF423 gene control murine adipogenic commitment and are dysregulated in human hypertrophic obesity. Diabetologia 2018; 61:369-380. [PMID: 29067487 PMCID: PMC6448963 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-017-4471-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2017] [Accepted: 09/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Subcutaneous adipocyte hypertrophy is associated with insulin resistance and increased risk of type 2 diabetes, and predicts its future development independent of obesity. In humans, subcutaneous adipose tissue hypertrophy is a consequence of impaired adipocyte precursor cell recruitment into the adipogenic pathway rather than a lack of precursor cells. The zinc finger transcription factor known as zinc finger protein (ZFP) 423 has been identified as a major determinant of pre-adipocyte commitment and maintained white adipose cell function. Although its levels do not change during adipogenesis, ectopic expression of Zfp423 in non-adipogenic murine cells is sufficient to activate expression of the gene encoding peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (Pparγ; also known as Pparg) and increase the adipogenic potential of these cells. We investigated whether the Zfp423 gene is under epigenetic regulation and whether this plays a role in the restricted adipogenesis associated with hypertrophic obesity. METHODS Murine 3T3-L1 and NIH-3T3 cells were used as fibroblasts committed and uncommitted to the adipocyte lineage, respectively. Human pre-adipocytes were isolated from the stromal vascular fraction of subcutaneous adipose tissue of 20 lean non-diabetic individuals with a wide adipose cell size range. mRNA levels were measured by quantitative real-time PCR, while methylation levels were analysed by bisulphite sequencing. Chromatin structure was analysed by micrococcal nuclease protection assay, and DNA-methyltransferases were chemically inhibited by 5-azacytidine. Adipocyte differentiation rate was evaluated by Oil Red O staining. RESULTS Comparison of uncommitted (NIH-3T3) and committed (3T3-L1) adipose precursor cells revealed that Zfp423 expression increased (p < 0.01) in parallel with the ability of the cells to differentiate into mature adipocytes owing to both decreased promoter DNA methylation (p < 0.001) and nucleosome occupancy (nucleosome [NUC] 1 p < 0.01; NUC2 p < 0.001) in the 3T3-L1 compared with NIH-3T3 cells. Interestingly, non-adipogenic epigenetic profiles can be reverted in NIH-3T3 cells as 5-azacytidine treatment increased Zfp423 mRNA levels (p < 0.01), reduced DNA methylation at a specific CpG site (p < 0.01), decreased nucleosome occupancy (NUC1, NUC2: p < 0.001) and induced adipocyte differentiation (p < 0.05). These epigenetic modifications can also be initiated in response to changes in the pre-adipose cell microenvironment, in which bone morphogenetic protein 4 (BMP4) plays a key role. We finally showed that, in human adipocyte precursor cells, impaired epigenetic regulation of zinc nuclear factor (ZNF)423 (the human orthologue of murine Zfp423) was associated with inappropriate subcutaneous adipose cell hypertrophy. As in NIH-3T3 cells, the normal ZNF423 epigenetic profile was rescued by 5-azacytidine exposure. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION Our results show that epigenetic events regulate the ability of precursor cells to commit and differentiate into mature adipocytes by modulating ZNF423, and indicate that dysregulation of these mechanisms accompanies subcutaneous adipose tissue hypertrophy in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Longo
- URT Genomics of Diabetes-IEOS, CNR & Department of Translational Medicine, Federico II University of Naples, Via Pansini 5, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Gregory A Raciti
- URT Genomics of Diabetes-IEOS, CNR & Department of Translational Medicine, Federico II University of Naples, Via Pansini 5, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Federica Zatterale
- URT Genomics of Diabetes-IEOS, CNR & Department of Translational Medicine, Federico II University of Naples, Via Pansini 5, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Luca Parrillo
- URT Genomics of Diabetes-IEOS, CNR & Department of Translational Medicine, Federico II University of Naples, Via Pansini 5, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Antonella Desiderio
- URT Genomics of Diabetes-IEOS, CNR & Department of Translational Medicine, Federico II University of Naples, Via Pansini 5, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Rosa Spinelli
- URT Genomics of Diabetes-IEOS, CNR & Department of Translational Medicine, Federico II University of Naples, Via Pansini 5, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Ann Hammarstedt
- Lundberg Laboratory for Diabetes Research, Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Shahram Hedjazifar
- Lundberg Laboratory for Diabetes Research, Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Jenny M Hoffmann
- Lundberg Laboratory for Diabetes Research, Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Cecilia Nigro
- URT Genomics of Diabetes-IEOS, CNR & Department of Translational Medicine, Federico II University of Naples, Via Pansini 5, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Paola Mirra
- URT Genomics of Diabetes-IEOS, CNR & Department of Translational Medicine, Federico II University of Naples, Via Pansini 5, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Francesca Fiory
- URT Genomics of Diabetes-IEOS, CNR & Department of Translational Medicine, Federico II University of Naples, Via Pansini 5, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Pietro Formisano
- URT Genomics of Diabetes-IEOS, CNR & Department of Translational Medicine, Federico II University of Naples, Via Pansini 5, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Claudia Miele
- URT Genomics of Diabetes-IEOS, CNR & Department of Translational Medicine, Federico II University of Naples, Via Pansini 5, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Ulf Smith
- Lundberg Laboratory for Diabetes Research, Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Francesco Beguinot
- URT Genomics of Diabetes-IEOS, CNR & Department of Translational Medicine, Federico II University of Naples, Via Pansini 5, 80131, Naples, Italy.
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Koopman ADM, Rutters F, Rauh SP, Nijpels G, Holst JJ, Beulens JW, Alssema M, Dekker JM. Incretin responses to oral glucose and mixed meal tests and changes in fasting glucose levels during 7 years of follow-up: The Hoorn Meal Study. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0191114. [PMID: 29324870 PMCID: PMC5764355 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0191114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2017] [Accepted: 12/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
We conducted the first prospective observational study in which we examined the association between incretin responses to an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) and mixed meal test (MMT) at baseline and changes in fasting glucose levels 7 years later, in individuals who were non-diabetic at baseline. We used data from the Hoorn Meal Study; a population-based cohort study among 121 subjects, aged 61.0±6.7y. GIP and GLP-1 responses were determined at baseline and expressed as total and incremental area under the curve (tAUC and iAUC). The association between incretin response at baseline and changes in fasting glucose levels was assessed using linear regression. The average change in glucose over 7 years was 0.43 ± 0.5 mmol/l. For GIP, no significant associations were observed with changes in fasting glucose levels. In contrast, participants within the middle and highest tertile of GLP-1 iAUC responses to OGTT had significantly smaller increases (actually decreases) in fasting glucose levels; -0.28 (95% confidence interval: -0.54;-0.01) mmol/l and -0.39 (-0.67;-0.10) mmol/l, respectively, compared to those in the lowest tertile. The same trend was observed for tAUC GLP-1 following OGTT (highest tertile: -0.32 (0.61;-0.04) mmol/l as compared to the lowest tertile). No significant associations were observed for GLP-1 responses following MMT. In conclusion, within our non-diabetic population-based cohort, a low GLP-1 response to OGTT was associated with a steeper increase in fasting glucose levels during 7 years of follow-up. This suggests that a reduced GLP-1 response precedes glucose deterioration and may play a role in the etiology of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. D. M. Koopman
- EMGO+ Institute for health and care research, VUmc, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, VUmc, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- * E-mail:
| | - F. Rutters
- EMGO+ Institute for health and care research, VUmc, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, VUmc, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - S. P. Rauh
- EMGO+ Institute for health and care research, VUmc, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, VUmc, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - G. Nijpels
- EMGO+ Institute for health and care research, VUmc, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of General Practice & Elderly Care medicine, VUmc, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - J. J. Holst
- NNF Center for Basic Metabolic Research and Department of Biomedical Sciences, the Panum Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - J. W. Beulens
- EMGO+ Institute for health and care research, VUmc, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, VUmc, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Julius Centre for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Centre, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - M. Alssema
- EMGO+ Institute for health and care research, VUmc, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Unilever Research and Development, Vlaardingen, the Netherlands
| | - J. M. Dekker
- EMGO+ Institute for health and care research, VUmc, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, VUmc, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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Zhang L, Zhang ST, Yin YC, Xing S, Li WN, Fu XQ. Hypoglycemic effect and mechanism of isoquercitrin as an inhibitor of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 in type 2 diabetic mice. RSC Adv 2018; 8:14967-14974. [PMID: 35541310 PMCID: PMC9080018 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra00675j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2018] [Accepted: 03/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Glucagon-like peptide (GLP)-1 is a potent glucose-dependent insulinotropic gut hormone released from intestinal L cells. The aim of this study was to investigate isoquercitrin as an inhibitor of dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-IV) and determine whether it affects GLP-1 release in normal mice and NCI-H716 cells. In vitro, we used chromogenic substrate method detection methods to measure DPP-IV. We found that isoquercitrin was a competitive inhibitor, with IC50 and Ki values of 96.8 and 236 μM, respectively. Isoquercitrin and sitagliptin also stimulated GLP-1 release in NCI-H716 cells. In vivo, a type 2 diabetic mouse model was established, and oral treatment with different concentration of isoquercitrin and sitagliptin for 8 weeks significantly decreased the fasting blood glucose level. The weight and the levels of serum GLP-1 and insulin of the mice in the isoquercitrin group were higher than those in the model group (P < 0.001). An oral glucose tolerance test showed that the isoquercitrin significantly inhibited postprandial blood glucose changes in a dose-dependent manner. These findings demonstrated the hypoglycemic effects of isoquercitrin and indicated that isoquercitrin improved insulin sensitivity by targeting DPP-IV. Glucagon-like peptide (GLP)-1 is a potent glucose-dependent insulinotropic gut hormone released from intestinal L cells.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhang
- Edmond H. Fischer Signal Transduction Laboratory
- School of Life Sciences
- Jilin University
- Changchun 130012
- China
| | - Shi-Tao Zhang
- Edmond H. Fischer Signal Transduction Laboratory
- School of Life Sciences
- Jilin University
- Changchun 130012
- China
| | - Yan-Chun Yin
- Edmond H. Fischer Signal Transduction Laboratory
- School of Life Sciences
- Jilin University
- Changchun 130012
- China
| | - Shu Xing
- Edmond H. Fischer Signal Transduction Laboratory
- School of Life Sciences
- Jilin University
- Changchun 130012
- China
| | - Wan-Nan Li
- Edmond H. Fischer Signal Transduction Laboratory
- School of Life Sciences
- Jilin University
- Changchun 130012
- China
| | - Xue-Qi Fu
- Edmond H. Fischer Signal Transduction Laboratory
- School of Life Sciences
- Jilin University
- Changchun 130012
- China
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Menke A, Rust KF, Cowie CC. Diabetes based on 2-h plasma glucose among those classified as having prediabetes based on fasting plasma glucose or A1c. Diab Vasc Dis Res 2018; 15:46-54. [PMID: 29113512 DOI: 10.1177/1479164117739316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Determine the prevalence of diabetes using 2-h plasma glucose among people who otherwise would be categorized as having prediabetes based on A1c and fasting glucose, and to determine whether those people were more likely to have cardiometabolic risk factors. METHODS Among 3644 adults with prediabetes based on A1c and fasting glucose in the 2005-2014 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, a cross-sectional survey of the US general population, we estimated the percentage who would be categorized as having diabetes based on having a 2-h plasma glucose ⩾200 mg/dL. We calculated odds ratios of cardiometabolic risk factors associated with having 2-h plasma glucose ⩾200 mg/dL. RESULTS A total of 6.9% would be categorized as having diabetes based on 2-h plasma glucose. The adjusted odds ratios (95% confidence interval) associated with having 2-h plasma glucose ⩾200 mg/dL were significant for total hypertension (2.06, 1.35-3.14), high triglycerides (1.64, 1.10-2.44), low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (1.55, 1.01-2.39), albuminuria (2.05, 1.33-3.14) and elevated alanine aminotransferase (1.78, 1.09-2.91), but not for other cardiometabolic risk factors. CONCLUSION A total of 6.9% of people categorized as having prediabetes based on A1c and fasting glucose would be categorized as having diabetes based on 2-h plasma glucose. They were more likely to have hypertension, high triglycerides, low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, albuminuria and elevated alanine aminotransferase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andy Menke
- 1 Social & Scientific Systems, Inc., Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | | | - Catherine C Cowie
- 3 National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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Babbar R, Heni M, Peter A, Hrabě de Angelis M, Häring HU, Fritsche A, Preissl H, Schölkopf B, Wagner R. Prediction of Glucose Tolerance without an Oral Glucose Tolerance Test. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2018; 9:82. [PMID: 29615972 PMCID: PMC5868129 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2018.00082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2017] [Accepted: 02/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) is diagnosed by a standardized oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). However, the OGTT is laborious, and when not performed, glucose tolerance cannot be determined from fasting samples retrospectively. We tested if glucose tolerance status is reasonably predictable from a combination of demographic, anthropometric, and laboratory data assessed at one time point in a fasting state. METHODS Given a set of 22 variables selected upon clinical feasibility such as sex, age, height, weight, waist circumference, blood pressure, fasting glucose, HbA1c, hemoglobin, mean corpuscular volume, serum potassium, fasting levels of insulin, C-peptide, triglyceride, non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA), proinsulin, prolactin, cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein, HDL, uric acid, liver transaminases, and ferritin, we used supervised machine learning to estimate glucose tolerance status in 2,337 participants of the TUEF study who were recruited before 2012. We tested the performance of 10 different machine learning classifiers on data from 929 participants in the test set who were recruited after 2012. In addition, reproducibility of IGT was analyzed in 78 participants who had 2 repeated OGTTs within 1 year. RESULTS The most accurate prediction of IGT was reached with the recursive partitioning method (accuracy = 0.78). For all classifiers, mean accuracy was 0.73 ± 0.04. The most important model variable was fasting glucose in all models. Using mean variable importance across all models, fasting glucose was followed by NEFA, triglycerides, HbA1c, and C-peptide. The accuracy of predicting IGT from a previous OGTT was 0.77. CONCLUSION Machine learning methods yield moderate accuracy in predicting glucose tolerance from a wide set of clinical and laboratory variables. A substitution of OGTT does not currently seem to be feasible. An important constraint could be the limited reproducibility of glucose tolerance status during a subsequent OGTT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohit Babbar
- Department of Empirical Inference, Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems, Tübingen, Germany
- Aalto University, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Martin Heni
- Department of Internal Medicine IV, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology, Nephrology, Vascular Disease and Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases of the Helmholtz Centre Munich at the University of Tübingen (IDM), Tübingen, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Andreas Peter
- Department of Internal Medicine IV, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology, Nephrology, Vascular Disease and Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases of the Helmholtz Centre Munich at the University of Tübingen (IDM), Tübingen, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
| | | | - Hans-Ulrich Häring
- Department of Internal Medicine IV, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology, Nephrology, Vascular Disease and Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases of the Helmholtz Centre Munich at the University of Tübingen (IDM), Tübingen, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Andreas Fritsche
- Department of Internal Medicine IV, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology, Nephrology, Vascular Disease and Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases of the Helmholtz Centre Munich at the University of Tübingen (IDM), Tübingen, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Hubert Preissl
- Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases of the Helmholtz Centre Munich at the University of Tübingen (IDM), Tübingen, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Interfaculty Centre for Pharmacogenomics and Pharma Research, Department of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Bernhard Schölkopf
- Department of Empirical Inference, Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Róbert Wagner
- Department of Internal Medicine IV, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology, Nephrology, Vascular Disease and Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases of the Helmholtz Centre Munich at the University of Tübingen (IDM), Tübingen, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
- *Correspondence: Róbert Wagner,
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GLP-1 response to sequential mixed meals: influence of insulin resistance. Clin Sci (Lond) 2017; 131:2901-2910. [PMID: 29097626 DOI: 10.1042/cs20171409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2017] [Revised: 10/26/2017] [Accepted: 11/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Previous work has shown that potentiation of insulin release is impaired in non-diabetic insulin resistance; we tested the hypothesis that this defect may be related to altered glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) release. On consecutive days, 82 non-diabetic individuals, classified as insulin sensitive (IS, n=41) or insulin resistant (IR, n=41) by the euglycaemic clamp, were given two sequential mixed meals with standard (75 g, LCD) or double (150 g, HCD) carbohydrate content. Plasma glucose, insulin, C-peptide, non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) and GLP-1 concentrations were measured; β-cell function (glucose sensitivity and potentiation) was resolved by mathematical modelling. Fasting GLP-1 levels were higher in IR than IS (by 15%, P=0.006), and reciprocally related to insulin sensitivity after adjustment for sex, age, fat mass, fasting glucose or insulin concentrations. Mean postprandial GLP-1 responses were tightly correlated with fasting GLP-1, were higher for the second than the first meal, and higher in IR than IS subjects but only with LCD. In contrast, incremental GLP-1 responses were higher during (i) the second than the first meal, (ii) on HCD than LCD, and (iii) significantly smaller in IR than IS independently of meal and load. Potentiation of insulin release was markedly reduced in IR vs IS across meal and carbohydrate loading. In the whole dataset, incremental GLP-1 was directly related to potentiation, and both were inversely related to mean NEFA concentrations. We conclude that (a) raised GLP-1 tone may be inherently linked with a reduced GLP-1 response and (b) defective post-meal GLP-1 response may be one mechanism for impaired potentiation of insulin release in insulin resistance.
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40
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Foghsgaard S, Vedtofte L, Andreasen C, Andersen ES, Bahne E, Bagger JI, Svare JA, Holst JJ, Clausen TD, Mathiesen ER, Damm P, Knop FK, Vilsbøll T. Women with prior gestational diabetes mellitus and prediabetes are characterised by a decreased incretin effect. Diabetologia 2017; 60:1344-1353. [PMID: 28364253 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-017-4265-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2016] [Accepted: 02/27/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS We investigated whether a reduced incretin effect, as observed in patients with type 2 diabetes, can be detected in high-risk individuals, such as women with prior gestational diabetes mellitus (pGDM). METHODS In this cross-sectional study, 102 women without diabetes with pGDM and 15 control participants without pGDM and with normal glucose tolerance (NGT) underwent a 4 h 75 g OGTT and an isoglycaemic i.v. glucose infusion (IIGI). Women with pGDM were classified as having NGT or prediabetes (impaired fasting glucose and/or impaired glucose tolerance). Insulin sensitivity was assessed using the Matsuda index and HOMA2-IR and the incretin effect was calculated from insulin responses during the study (100% × [AUCinsulin,OGTT - AUCinsulin,IIGI]/AUCinsulin,OGTT). RESULTS Sixty-three of the 102 women with pGDM (62%) had prediabetes (median [interquartile range]: age, 38.3 [6.5] years; BMI, 32.1 [5.8] kg/m2) and 39 women (38%) had NGT (age, 39.5 [5.6] years; BMI, 31.0 [6.7] kg/m2). Control participants (n = 15) were not significantly different from the pGDM group with regards to age (39.2 [7.4] years) and BMI (28.8 [9.2] kg/m2). Compared with women with NGT and control participants, women with prediabetes had lower insulin sensitivity, as measured by the Matsuda index (3.0 [2.4] vs 5.0 [2.6] vs 1.5 [1.8], respectively; p < 0.001). The incretin effect was 55.3% [27.8], 73.8% [19.0] and 76.7% [24.6] in women with prediabetes, women with normal glucose tolerance and control participants, respectively (p < 0.01). CONCLUSION/INTERPRETATION Prediabetes was highly prevalent in women with pGDM, and alterations in the incretin effect were detected in this group before the development of type 2 diabetes. TRIAL REGISTRATION clinicaltrialsregister.eu 2012-001371-37-DK.
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Affiliation(s)
- Signe Foghsgaard
- Center for Diabetes Research, Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Kildegårdsvej 28, DK-2900, Hellerup, Denmark
- NNF Center for Basic Metabolic Research and Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Danish Diabetes Academy, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Louise Vedtofte
- Center for Diabetes Research, Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Kildegårdsvej 28, DK-2900, Hellerup, Denmark
| | - Camilla Andreasen
- Center for Diabetes Research, Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Kildegårdsvej 28, DK-2900, Hellerup, Denmark
| | - Emilie S Andersen
- Center for Diabetes Research, Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Kildegårdsvej 28, DK-2900, Hellerup, Denmark
| | - Emilie Bahne
- Center for Diabetes Research, Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Kildegårdsvej 28, DK-2900, Hellerup, Denmark
| | - Jonatan I Bagger
- Center for Diabetes Research, Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Kildegårdsvej 28, DK-2900, Hellerup, Denmark
| | - Jens A Svare
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Herlev Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Jens J Holst
- NNF Center for Basic Metabolic Research and Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Tine D Clausen
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Nordsjællands Hospital, Hillerød, Denmark
| | - Elisabeth R Mathiesen
- Center for Pregnant Women with Diabetes, Department of Endocrinology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Peter Damm
- Center for Pregnant Women with Diabetes, Department of Obstetrics, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Filip K Knop
- Center for Diabetes Research, Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Kildegårdsvej 28, DK-2900, Hellerup, Denmark
- NNF Center for Basic Metabolic Research and Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Tina Vilsbøll
- Center for Diabetes Research, Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Kildegårdsvej 28, DK-2900, Hellerup, Denmark.
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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Cimmino I, Lorenzo V, Fiory F, Doti N, Ricci S, Cabaro S, Liotti A, Vitagliano L, Longo M, Miele C, Formisano P, Beguinot F, Ruvo M, Oriente F. A peptide antagonist of Prep1-p160 interaction improves ceramide-induced insulin resistance in skeletal muscle cells. Oncotarget 2017; 8:71845-71858. [PMID: 29069751 PMCID: PMC5641094 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.18286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2017] [Accepted: 05/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Prep1 is a homeodomain transcription factor belonging to the TALE protein family. Its overexpression affects glucose metabolism in several tissues. In particular, in skeletal muscle tissue the interaction of Prep1 with its cofactor p160 impairs GLUT4 expression and glucose uptake. In this study, we show that ceramides (C2cer), a class of lipids antagonizing insulin signalling, increase the levels of Prep1 and p160 in a dose and time-dependent fashion in L6 cells and induce their association by 80%. We find that C2cer exposure inhibits insulin receptor, IRS1 and Akt phosphorylation and reduces insulin-stimulated glycogen content and glucose uptake by 1.3- and 2.1-fold, respectively. The synthetic Prep1(54-72) peptide, mimicking the Prep1 region involved in the interaction with p160, reduces in vitro Prep1-p160 binding in a dose-dependent way (IC50 = 0.20μM). In C2cer-treated L6 cells, 10μM Prep1(54-72) restores insulin signalling impaired by ceramide treatment. Prep1 overexpressing L6 cells display similar metabolic alterations observed in ceramide-treated L6 cells and the presence of Prep1(54-72) mitigates these events. All these findings suggest that disruption of the Prep1/p160 molecular interaction enhances insulin sensitivity impaired by ceramides in skeletal muscle cells and indicate this complex as an important target for type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Cimmino
- Department of Translational Medicine, Federico II University of Naples and URT "Genomic of Diabetes" of Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology, National Council of Research (CNR), Naples, Italy
| | - Virginia Lorenzo
- Institute of Biostructure and Bioimaging, National Research Council and Interuniversity Research Centre on Bioactive Peptides, Naples, Italy
| | - Francesca Fiory
- Department of Translational Medicine, Federico II University of Naples and URT "Genomic of Diabetes" of Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology, National Council of Research (CNR), Naples, Italy
| | - Nunzianna Doti
- Institute of Biostructure and Bioimaging, National Research Council and Interuniversity Research Centre on Bioactive Peptides, Naples, Italy
| | - Serena Ricci
- Department of Translational Medicine, Federico II University of Naples and URT "Genomic of Diabetes" of Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology, National Council of Research (CNR), Naples, Italy
| | - Serena Cabaro
- Department of Translational Medicine, Federico II University of Naples and URT "Genomic of Diabetes" of Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology, National Council of Research (CNR), Naples, Italy
| | - Antonietta Liotti
- Department of Translational Medicine, Federico II University of Naples and URT "Genomic of Diabetes" of Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology, National Council of Research (CNR), Naples, Italy
| | - Luigi Vitagliano
- Institute of Biostructure and Bioimaging, National Research Council and Interuniversity Research Centre on Bioactive Peptides, Naples, Italy
| | - Michele Longo
- Department of Translational Medicine, Federico II University of Naples and URT "Genomic of Diabetes" of Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology, National Council of Research (CNR), Naples, Italy
| | - Claudia Miele
- Department of Translational Medicine, Federico II University of Naples and URT "Genomic of Diabetes" of Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology, National Council of Research (CNR), Naples, Italy
| | - Pietro Formisano
- Department of Translational Medicine, Federico II University of Naples and URT "Genomic of Diabetes" of Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology, National Council of Research (CNR), Naples, Italy
| | - Francesco Beguinot
- Department of Translational Medicine, Federico II University of Naples and URT "Genomic of Diabetes" of Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology, National Council of Research (CNR), Naples, Italy
| | - Menotti Ruvo
- Institute of Biostructure and Bioimaging, National Research Council and Interuniversity Research Centre on Bioactive Peptides, Naples, Italy
| | - Francesco Oriente
- Department of Translational Medicine, Federico II University of Naples and URT "Genomic of Diabetes" of Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology, National Council of Research (CNR), Naples, Italy
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42
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Marini MA, Fiorentino TV, Succurro E, Pedace E, Andreozzi F, Sciacqua A, Perticone F, Sesti G. Association between hemoglobin glycation index with insulin resistance and carotid atherosclerosis in non-diabetic individuals. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0175547. [PMID: 28426788 PMCID: PMC5398507 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0175547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2017] [Accepted: 03/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Hemoglobin glycation index (HGI), defined as the difference between the observed HbA1c value and the value of HbA1c predicted from plasma glucose levels, represents a measure of the degree of non-enzymatic glycation of hemoglobin and it has been found to be positively associated with micro- and macro-vascular complications in subjects with type 2 diabetes. To investigate the pathophysiological abnormalities responsible for the increased cardiovascular risk of patients with higher HGI, we evaluated the association of HGI with cardio-metabolic characteristics in nondiabetic offspring of type 2 diabetic individuals. Insulin sensitivity, measured by a hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp, cardio-metabolic risk factors including lipid profile, uric acid and inflammatory factors, and ultrasound measurement of carotid intima-media thickness (IMT) were assessed in 387 nondiabetic individuals. Participants were stratified in tertiles according to HGI (high, moderate and low). As compared with subjects with low HGI, those with high HGI displayed an unfavorable cardio-metabolic risk profile having significantly higher values of BMI, waist circumference, triglycerides, uric acid, fasting insulin, inflammatory markers, such as high sensitivity C reactive protein, erythrocytes sedimentation rate, complement C3, fibrinogen, and white blood cell count, and carotid IMT, and lower HDL and insulin-stimulated glucose disposal. In a linear regression analysis model including several atherosclerotic risk factors such as gender, age, BMI, inflammatory factors, lipid profile, insulin-stimulated glucose disposal, fasting insulin, uric acid, and blood pressure, HGI was the major predictor of IMT (β = 0.35; P = 0.001). In a logistic regression analysis adjusted for confounders, individuals with high HGI showed a 2.7-fold increased risk of vascular atherosclerosis (OR 2.72, 95%CI 1.01-7.37) as compared with subjects with low HGI. The present findings support the notion that HGI may be a useful tool to identify a subset of nondiabetic individuals conceivably harboring a higher risk of cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Teresa Vanessa Fiorentino
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Viale Europa, University Magna-Græcia of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Elena Succurro
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Viale Europa, University Magna-Græcia of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Pedace
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Viale Europa, University Magna-Græcia of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Francesco Andreozzi
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Viale Europa, University Magna-Græcia of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Angela Sciacqua
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Viale Europa, University Magna-Græcia of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | | | - Giorgio Sesti
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
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Laakso M, Kuusisto J, Stančáková A, Kuulasmaa T, Pajukanta P, Lusis AJ, Collins FS, Mohlke KL, Boehnke M. The Metabolic Syndrome in Men study: a resource for studies of metabolic and cardiovascular diseases. J Lipid Res 2017; 58:481-493. [PMID: 28119442 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.o072629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2016] [Revised: 01/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The Metabolic Syndrome in Men (METSIM) study is a population-based study including 10,197 Finnish men examined in 2005-2010. The aim of the study is to investigate nongenetic and genetic factors associated with the risk of T2D and CVD, and with cardiovascular risk factors. The protocol includes a detailed phenotyping of the participants, an oral glucose tolerance test, fasting laboratory measurements including proton NMR measurements, mass spectometry metabolomics, adipose tissue biopsies from 1,400 participants, and a stool sample. In our ongoing follow-up study, we have, to date, reexamined 6,496 participants. Extensive genotyping and exome sequencing have been performed for essentially all METSIM participants, and >2,000 METSIM participants have been whole-genome sequenced. We have identified several nongenetic markers associated with the development of diabetes and cardiovascular events, and participated in several genetic association studies to identify gene variants associated with diabetes, hyperglycemia, and cardiovascular risk factors. The generation of a phenotype and genotype resource in the METSIM study allows us to proceed toward a "systems genetics" approach, which includes statistical methods to quantitate and integrate intermediate phenotypes, such as transcript, protein, or metabolite levels, to provide a global view of the molecular architecture of complex traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markku Laakso
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Internal Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland .,Department of Medicine, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Johanna Kuusisto
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Internal Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.,Department of Medicine, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Alena Stančáková
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Internal Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Teemu Kuulasmaa
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Internal Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Päivi Pajukanta
- Departments of Human Genetics David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA.,Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Aldons J Lusis
- Departments of Human Genetics David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA.,Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Francis S Collins
- National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Karen L Mohlke
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Michael Boehnke
- Department of Biostatistics and Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
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Larsen MP, Torekov SS. Glucagon-Like Peptide 1: A Predictor of Type 2 Diabetes? J Diabetes Res 2017; 2017:7583506. [PMID: 29082261 PMCID: PMC5610892 DOI: 10.1155/2017/7583506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2017] [Accepted: 07/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The incretin effect is impaired in patients with type 2 diabetes. AIM To assess the relation between the incretin hormone GLP-1 and the prediabetic subtypes: impaired fasting glucose (IFG), impaired glucose tolerance (IGT), and the combined IFG/IGT to investigate whether a low GLP-1 response may be a predictor of prediabetes in adults. METHOD 298 articles were found using a broad search phrase on the PubMed database and after the assessment of titles and abstracts 19 articles were included. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Studies assessing i-IFG/IFG and i-IGT/IGT found both increased, unaltered, and reduced GLP-1 levels. Studies assessing IFG/IGT found unaltered or reduced GLP-1 levels. When assessing the five studies with the largest sample size, it clearly suggests a decreased GLP-1 response in IFG/IGT subjects. Several other factors (BMI, glucagon, age, and nonesterified fatty acids (NEFA)), including medications (metformin), may also influence the secretion of GLP-1. CONCLUSION This review suggests that the GLP-1 response is a variable in prediabetes possibly due to a varying GLP-1-secreting profile during the development and progression of type 2 diabetes or difference in the measurement technique. Longitudinal prospective studies are needed to assess whether a reduced GLP-1 response is a predictor of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Ploug Larsen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Signe Sørensen Torekov
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen N, Denmark
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Varghese RT, Dalla Man C, Sharma A, Viegas I, Barosa C, Marques C, Shah M, Miles JM, Rizza RA, Jones JG, Cobelli C, Vella A. Mechanisms Underlying the Pathogenesis of Isolated Impaired Glucose Tolerance in Humans. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2016; 101:4816-4824. [PMID: 27603902 PMCID: PMC5155694 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2016-1998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Prediabetes is a heterogeneous disorder classified on the basis of fasting glucose concentrations and 2-hour glucose tolerance. OBJECTIVE We sought to determine the relative contributions of insulin secretion and action to the pathogenesis of isolated impaired glucose tolerance (IGT). DESIGN The study consisted of an oral glucose tolerance test and a euglycemic clamp performed in two cohorts matched for anthropometric characteristics and fasting glucose but discordant for glucose tolerance. SETTING An inpatient clinical research unit at an academic medical center. PATIENTS OR OTHER PARTICIPANTS Twenty-five subjects who had normal fasting glucose (NFG) and normal glucose tolerance (NGT) and 19 NFG/IGT subjects participated in this study. INTERVENTION(S) Subjects underwent a seven-sample oral glucose tolerance test and a 4-hour euglycemic, hyperinsulinemic clamp on separate occasions. Glucose turnover during the clamp was measured using tracers, and endogenous hormone secretion was inhibited by somatostatin. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES We sought to determine whether hepatic glucose metabolism, specifically the contribution of gluconeogenesis to endogenous glucose production, differed between subjects with NFG/NGT and those with NFG/IGT. RESULTS Endogenous glucose production did not differ between groups before or during the clamp. Insulin-stimulated glucose disappearance was lower in NFG/IGT (24.6 ± 2.2 vs 35.0 ± 3.6 μmol/kg/min; P = .03). The disposition index was decreased in NFG/IGT (681 ± 102 vs 2231 ± 413 × 10-14 dL/kg/min2 per pmol/L; P < .001). CONCLUSIONS We conclude that innate defects in the regulation of glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis do not contribute to NFG/IGT. However, insulin-stimulated glucose disposal is impaired, exacerbating defects in β-cell function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ron T Varghese
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism (R.T.V., A.S., M.S., J.M.M., R.A.R., A.V.), Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota 55905; Department of Information Engineering (C.D.M., C.C.), Universitá di Padova, 35122 Padova, Italy; Center for Neurosciences and Cell Biology (I.V., C.B., C.M., J.G.J.), University of Coimbra, 3000-370 Coimbra, Portugal; and APDP-Portuguese Diabetes Association (J.G.J.), 1250-203 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Chiara Dalla Man
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism (R.T.V., A.S., M.S., J.M.M., R.A.R., A.V.), Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota 55905; Department of Information Engineering (C.D.M., C.C.), Universitá di Padova, 35122 Padova, Italy; Center for Neurosciences and Cell Biology (I.V., C.B., C.M., J.G.J.), University of Coimbra, 3000-370 Coimbra, Portugal; and APDP-Portuguese Diabetes Association (J.G.J.), 1250-203 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Anu Sharma
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism (R.T.V., A.S., M.S., J.M.M., R.A.R., A.V.), Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota 55905; Department of Information Engineering (C.D.M., C.C.), Universitá di Padova, 35122 Padova, Italy; Center for Neurosciences and Cell Biology (I.V., C.B., C.M., J.G.J.), University of Coimbra, 3000-370 Coimbra, Portugal; and APDP-Portuguese Diabetes Association (J.G.J.), 1250-203 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Ivan Viegas
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism (R.T.V., A.S., M.S., J.M.M., R.A.R., A.V.), Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota 55905; Department of Information Engineering (C.D.M., C.C.), Universitá di Padova, 35122 Padova, Italy; Center for Neurosciences and Cell Biology (I.V., C.B., C.M., J.G.J.), University of Coimbra, 3000-370 Coimbra, Portugal; and APDP-Portuguese Diabetes Association (J.G.J.), 1250-203 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Cristina Barosa
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism (R.T.V., A.S., M.S., J.M.M., R.A.R., A.V.), Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota 55905; Department of Information Engineering (C.D.M., C.C.), Universitá di Padova, 35122 Padova, Italy; Center for Neurosciences and Cell Biology (I.V., C.B., C.M., J.G.J.), University of Coimbra, 3000-370 Coimbra, Portugal; and APDP-Portuguese Diabetes Association (J.G.J.), 1250-203 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Catia Marques
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism (R.T.V., A.S., M.S., J.M.M., R.A.R., A.V.), Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota 55905; Department of Information Engineering (C.D.M., C.C.), Universitá di Padova, 35122 Padova, Italy; Center for Neurosciences and Cell Biology (I.V., C.B., C.M., J.G.J.), University of Coimbra, 3000-370 Coimbra, Portugal; and APDP-Portuguese Diabetes Association (J.G.J.), 1250-203 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Meera Shah
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism (R.T.V., A.S., M.S., J.M.M., R.A.R., A.V.), Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota 55905; Department of Information Engineering (C.D.M., C.C.), Universitá di Padova, 35122 Padova, Italy; Center for Neurosciences and Cell Biology (I.V., C.B., C.M., J.G.J.), University of Coimbra, 3000-370 Coimbra, Portugal; and APDP-Portuguese Diabetes Association (J.G.J.), 1250-203 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - John M Miles
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism (R.T.V., A.S., M.S., J.M.M., R.A.R., A.V.), Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota 55905; Department of Information Engineering (C.D.M., C.C.), Universitá di Padova, 35122 Padova, Italy; Center for Neurosciences and Cell Biology (I.V., C.B., C.M., J.G.J.), University of Coimbra, 3000-370 Coimbra, Portugal; and APDP-Portuguese Diabetes Association (J.G.J.), 1250-203 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Robert A Rizza
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism (R.T.V., A.S., M.S., J.M.M., R.A.R., A.V.), Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota 55905; Department of Information Engineering (C.D.M., C.C.), Universitá di Padova, 35122 Padova, Italy; Center for Neurosciences and Cell Biology (I.V., C.B., C.M., J.G.J.), University of Coimbra, 3000-370 Coimbra, Portugal; and APDP-Portuguese Diabetes Association (J.G.J.), 1250-203 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - John G Jones
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism (R.T.V., A.S., M.S., J.M.M., R.A.R., A.V.), Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota 55905; Department of Information Engineering (C.D.M., C.C.), Universitá di Padova, 35122 Padova, Italy; Center for Neurosciences and Cell Biology (I.V., C.B., C.M., J.G.J.), University of Coimbra, 3000-370 Coimbra, Portugal; and APDP-Portuguese Diabetes Association (J.G.J.), 1250-203 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Claudio Cobelli
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism (R.T.V., A.S., M.S., J.M.M., R.A.R., A.V.), Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota 55905; Department of Information Engineering (C.D.M., C.C.), Universitá di Padova, 35122 Padova, Italy; Center for Neurosciences and Cell Biology (I.V., C.B., C.M., J.G.J.), University of Coimbra, 3000-370 Coimbra, Portugal; and APDP-Portuguese Diabetes Association (J.G.J.), 1250-203 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Adrian Vella
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism (R.T.V., A.S., M.S., J.M.M., R.A.R., A.V.), Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota 55905; Department of Information Engineering (C.D.M., C.C.), Universitá di Padova, 35122 Padova, Italy; Center for Neurosciences and Cell Biology (I.V., C.B., C.M., J.G.J.), University of Coimbra, 3000-370 Coimbra, Portugal; and APDP-Portuguese Diabetes Association (J.G.J.), 1250-203 Lisbon, Portugal
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Sun Y, Han J, Lin Z, Song L, Wang C, Jia W. Delayed insulin secretion response during an OGTT is associated with an increased risk for incidence of diabetes in NGT subjects. J Diabetes Complications 2016; 30:1537-1543. [PMID: 27568916 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2016.07.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2016] [Revised: 07/14/2016] [Accepted: 07/26/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
AIMS This study aimed to assess whether insulin secretion patterns during oral glucose tolerance tests (OGTTs) could predict future type 2 diabetes (T2D) in Chinese normal glucose tolerance (NGT) subjects. METHODS A total of 558 NGT, 419 newly diagnosed impaired glucose tolerance, and 694 newly diagnosed T2D patients were assessed. NGT subjects were grouped based on the time of peak insulin secretion during a 3h- OGTT; at 30min (InsP30), 60min (InsP60), 120min (InsP120), or 180min (InsP180), respectively. NGT subjects were followed up for an average duration of 5.58±1.08years. Beta-cell function was estimated by Stumvoll insulin secretion. RESULTS The InsP120 and InsP180 groups had lower Stumvoll first-phase insulin secretion levels compared with InsP30. At 5.58±1.08years, 25 (5.39%) NGT subjects had developed T2D. The cumulative incidence rate of diabetes was higher in the InsP120 and InsP180 groups (8.94%), compared with InsP30 (1.48%) (P<0.05). The adjusted relative risk for incident diabetes was 7.30 (95% CI: 1.53-34.72) times higher in the InsP120 and InsP180 groups. CONCLUSIONS NGT subjects with late insulin responses had defective early insulin secretion and were at higher risk of developing diabetes. Insulin secretion patterns could be a useful T2D predictor in the Chinese population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Sun
- Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Junfeng Han
- Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Ziwei Lin
- Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Lige Song
- Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Chen Wang
- Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, P.R. China.
| | - Weiping Jia
- Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, P.R. China
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Stefan N, Fritsche A, Schick F, Häring HU. Phenotypes of prediabetes and stratification of cardiometabolic risk. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol 2016; 4:789-798. [PMID: 27185609 DOI: 10.1016/s2213-8587(16)00082-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2016] [Revised: 02/17/2016] [Accepted: 02/26/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Prediabetes is associated with increased risks of type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, dementia, and cancer, and its prevalence is increasing worldwide. Lifestyle and pharmacological interventions in people with prediabetes can prevent the development of diabetes and possibly cardiovascular disease. However, prediabetes is a highly heterogeneous metabolic state, both with respect to its pathogenesis and prediction of disease. Improved understanding of these features and precise phenotyping of prediabetes could help to improve stratification of disease risk. In this Personal View, we focus on the extreme metabolic phenotypes of metabolically healthy obesity and metabolically unhealthy normal weight, insulin secretion failure, insulin resistance, visceral obesity, and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. We present new analyses aimed at improving characterisation of phenotypes in lean, overweight, and obese people with prediabetes. We discuss evidence from lifestyle intervention studies to explore whether these phenotypes can also be used for individualised prediction and prevention of cardiometabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norbert Stefan
- Department of Internal Medicine IV, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; Institute of Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases (IDM) of the Helmholtz Centre Munich at the University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; German Centre for Diabetes Research (DZD), Tübingen, Germany.
| | - Andreas Fritsche
- Department of Internal Medicine IV, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; Institute of Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases (IDM) of the Helmholtz Centre Munich at the University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; German Centre for Diabetes Research (DZD), Tübingen, Germany
| | - Fritz Schick
- Section of Experimental Radiology, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; Institute of Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases (IDM) of the Helmholtz Centre Munich at the University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; German Centre for Diabetes Research (DZD), Tübingen, Germany
| | - Hans-Ulrich Häring
- Department of Internal Medicine IV, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; Institute of Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases (IDM) of the Helmholtz Centre Munich at the University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; German Centre for Diabetes Research (DZD), Tübingen, Germany
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Lee SA, Koh G, Cho SJ, Yoo SY, Chin SO. Correlation of Glypican-4 Level with Basal Active Glucagon-Like Peptide 1 Level in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Endocrinol Metab (Seoul) 2016; 31:439-445. [PMID: 27704740 PMCID: PMC5053057 DOI: 10.3803/enm.2016.31.3.439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2016] [Revised: 06/17/2016] [Accepted: 07/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies have reported that glypican-4 (GPC4) regulates insulin signaling by interacting with insulin receptor and through adipocyte differentiation. However, GPC4 has not been studied with regard to its effects on clinical factors in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). We aimed to identify factors associated with GPC4 level in T2DM. METHODS Between January 2010 and December 2013, we selected 152 subjects with T2DM and collected serum and plasma into tubes pretreated with aprotinin and dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor to preserve active gastric inhibitory polypeptide (GIP) and glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1). GPC4, active GLP-1, active GIP, and other factors were measured in these plasma samples. We performed a linear regression analysis to identify factors associated with GPC4 level. RESULTS The subjects had a mean age of 58.1 years, were mildly obese (mean body mass index [BMI], 26.1 kg/m²), had T2DM of long-duration (mean, 101.3 months), glycated hemoglobin 7.5%, low insulin secretion, and low insulin resistance (mean homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance [HOMA-IR], 1.2). Their mean GPC4 was 2.0±0.2 ng/mL. In multivariate analysis, GPC4 was independently associated with age (β=0.224, P=0.009), and levels of active GLP-1 (β=0.171, P=0.049) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST; β=-0.176, P=0.043) after being adjusted for other clinical factors. CONCLUSION GPC4 was independently associated with age, active GLP-1, and AST in T2DM patients, but was not associated with HOMA-IR and BMI, which are well known factors related to GPC4. Further study is needed to identify the mechanisms of the association between GPC4 and basal active GLP-1 levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang Ah Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Jeju National University School of Medicine, Jeju, Korea.
| | - Gwanpyo Koh
- Department of Internal Medicine, Jeju National University School of Medicine, Jeju, Korea
| | - Suk Ju Cho
- Department of Anesthesiology, Jeju National University School of Medicine, Jeju, Korea
| | - So Yeon Yoo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Jeju National University School of Medicine, Jeju, Korea
| | - Sang Ouk Chin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Jeju National University School of Medicine, Jeju, Korea
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Integrated Network Analysis Reveals an Association between Plasma Mannose Levels and Insulin Resistance. Cell Metab 2016; 24:172-84. [PMID: 27345421 PMCID: PMC6666317 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2016.05.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2016] [Revised: 04/04/2016] [Accepted: 05/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
To investigate the biological processes that are altered in obese subjects, we generated cell-specific integrated networks (INs) by merging genome-scale metabolic, transcriptional regulatory and protein-protein interaction networks. We performed genome-wide transcriptomics analysis to determine the global gene expression changes in the liver and three adipose tissues from obese subjects undergoing bariatric surgery and integrated these data into the cell-specific INs. We found dysregulations in mannose metabolism in obese subjects and validated our predictions by detecting mannose levels in the plasma of the lean and obese subjects. We observed significant correlations between plasma mannose levels, BMI, and insulin resistance (IR). We also measured plasma mannose levels of the subjects in two additional different cohorts and observed that an increased plasma mannose level was associated with IR and insulin secretion. We finally identified mannose as one of the best plasma metabolites in explaining the variance in obesity-independent IR.
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Cobb J, Eckhart A, Motsinger-Reif A, Carr B, Groop L, Ferrannini E. α-Hydroxybutyric Acid Is a Selective Metabolite Biomarker of Impaired Glucose Tolerance. Diabetes Care 2016; 39:988-95. [PMID: 27208342 DOI: 10.2337/dc15-2752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2015] [Accepted: 02/23/2016] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Plasma metabolites that distinguish isolated impaired glucose tolerance (iIGT) from isolated impaired fasting glucose (iIFG) may be useful biomarkers to predict IGT, a high-risk state for the development of type 2 diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Targeted metabolomics with 23 metabolites previously associated with dysglycemia was performed with fasting plasma samples from subjects without diabetes at time 0 of an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) in two observational cohorts: RISC (Relationship Between Insulin Sensitivity and Cardiovascular Disease) and DMVhi (Diabetes Mellitus and Vascular Health Initiative). Odds ratios (ORs) for a one-SD change in the metabolite level were calculated using multiple logistic regression models controlling for age, sex, and BMI to test for associations with iIGT or iIFG versus normal. Selective biomarkers of iIGT were further validated in the Botnia study. RESULTS α-Hydroxybutyric acid (α-HB) was most strongly associated with iIGT in RISC (OR 2.54 [95% CI 1.86-3.48], P value 5E-9) and DMVhi (2.75 [1.81-4.19], 4E-5) while having no significant association with iIFG. In Botnia, α-HB was selectively associated with iIGT (2.03 [1.65-2.49], 3E-11) and had no significant association with iIFG. Linoleoyl-glycerophosphocholine (L-GPC) and oleic acid were also found to be selective biomarkers of iIGT. In multivariate IGT prediction models, addition of α-HB, L-GPC, and oleic acid to age, sex, BMI, and fasting glucose significantly improved area under the curve in all three cohorts. CONCLUSIONS α-HB, L-GPC, and oleic acid were shown to be selective biomarkers of iIGT, independent of age, sex, BMI, and fasting glucose, in 4,053 subjects without diabetes from three European cohorts. These biomarkers can be used in predictive models to identify subjects with IGT without performing an OGTT.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Alison Motsinger-Reif
- Department of Statistics, Bioinformatics Research Center, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC
| | | | - Leif Groop
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Diabetes and Endocrinology, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
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