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Liu X, Zhu L, Liu J, Nie Z, Qiu W. Effect of weight loss interventions on metabolomic signatures in obese children with insulin resistance. Amino Acids 2024; 56:54. [PMID: 39212734 PMCID: PMC11364699 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-024-03409-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/05/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
The obesity epidemic among children has become a major public health issue, and the presence of childhood insulin resistance (IR) has been demonstrated prior to the onset of type 2 diabetes mellitus. However, it is unclear whether the metabolomic signature is associated with weight loss interventions in obese children with IR. Thirty-six obese children with IR were selected from the weight loss camp (Shenzhen Sunshine Xing Yada health Technology Co., LTD). Clinical parameters were collected before and after weight loss intervention. Targeted metabolomics of plasma samples was performed by ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled to the tandem mass spectrometry, and principal component analysis, variable importance in projection, and orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis were used to obtain the differentially expressed metabolites. Pathway analysis was conducted with the Homo sapiens (HSA) sets in the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes. We used machine learning algorithms to obtain the potential biomarkers and Spearman correlation analysis to clarify the association between potential biomarkers and clinical parameters. We found that clinical parameters and metabolite clusters were significantly changed in obese children with IR before and after weight loss intervention. Mechanistically, weight loss intervention significantly changed 61 metabolites in obese children with IR. Furthermore, 12 pathways were significantly changed. Moreover, the machine learning algorithm found 6 important potential biomarkers. In addition, these potential biomarkers were strongly associated with major clinical parameters. These data indicate different metabolomic profiles in obese children with IR after weight loss intervention, providing insights into the clinical parameters and metabolite mechanisms involved in weight loss programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoguang Liu
- School of Sport and Health, Guangzhou Sport University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Physical Activity and Health Promotion, Guangzhou Sport University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lin Zhu
- School of Sport and Health, Guangzhou Sport University, Guangzhou, China.
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Physical Activity and Health Promotion, Guangzhou Sport University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Jingxin Liu
- Physical education and sports school, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Zichen Nie
- Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Wenjun Qiu
- Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, China
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2
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Imarisio A, Yahyavi I, Gasparri C, Hassan A, Avenali M, Di Maio A, Buongarzone G, Galandra C, Picascia M, Filosa A, Monti MC, Pacchetti C, Errico F, Rondanelli M, Usiello A, Valente EM. Serum dysregulation of serine and glycine metabolism as predictive biomarker for cognitive decline in frail elderly subjects. Transl Psychiatry 2024; 14:281. [PMID: 38982054 PMCID: PMC11233661 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-024-02991-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Revised: 06/21/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Frailty is a common age-related clinical syndrome characterized by a decline in the function of multiple organ systems, increased vulnerability to stressors, and a huge socio-economic burden. Despite recent research efforts, the physiopathological mechanisms underlying frailty remain elusive and biomarkers able to predate its occurrence in the early stages are still lacking. Beyond its physical component, cognitive decline represents a critical domain of frailty associated with higher risk of adverse health outcomes. We measured by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) a pool of serum amino acids including L-glutamate, L-aspartate, glycine, and D-serine, as well as their precursors L-glutamine, L-asparagine, and L-serine in a cohort of elderly subjects encompassing the entire continuum from fitness to frailty. These amino acids are known to orchestrate excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmission, and in turn, to play a key role as intermediates of energy homeostasis and in liver, kidney, muscle, and immune system metabolism. To comprehensively assess frailty, we employed both the Edmonton Frail Scale (EFS), as a practical tool to capture the multidimensionality of frailty, and the frailty phenotype, as a measure of physical function. We found that D-serine and D-/Total serine ratio were independent predictors of EFS but not of physical frailty. Furthermore, higher levels of glycine, glycine/L-serine and D-/Total serine were associated with worse cognition and depressive symptoms in the frail group. These findings suggest that changes in peripheral glycine and serine enantiomers homeostasis may represent a novel biochemical correlate of frailty.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Imarisio
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
- Neurogenetics Research Centre, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Pavia, Italy
| | - Isar Yahyavi
- Department of Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, Università degli Studi della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Caserta, Italy
- CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate Franco Salvatore, Naples, Italy
| | - Clara Gasparri
- Endocrinology and Nutrition Unit, Azienda di Servizi alla Persona "Istituto Santa Margherita", University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Amber Hassan
- CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate Franco Salvatore, Naples, Italy
| | - Micol Avenali
- Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
- Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders Unit, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Pavia, Italy
| | - Anna Di Maio
- Department of Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, Università degli Studi della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Caserta, Italy
- CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate Franco Salvatore, Naples, Italy
| | - Gabriele Buongarzone
- Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
- Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders Unit, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Pavia, Italy
| | - Caterina Galandra
- Neurogenetics Research Centre, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Pavia, Italy
| | - Marta Picascia
- Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders Unit, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Pavia, Italy
| | - Asia Filosa
- Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Maria Cristina Monti
- Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Claudio Pacchetti
- Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders Unit, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Pavia, Italy
| | - Francesco Errico
- CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate Franco Salvatore, Naples, Italy
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples "Federico II", Portici, Italy
| | - Mariangela Rondanelli
- Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Alessandro Usiello
- Department of Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, Università degli Studi della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Caserta, Italy.
- CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate Franco Salvatore, Naples, Italy.
| | - Enza Maria Valente
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
- Neurogenetics Research Centre, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Pavia, Italy
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Campos JDO, Oliveira TLPSDA, Vitalis O, Pereira JG, Nogueira IDCR, Santos GCJ, Chikh K, Leandro CG, da Costa-Silva JH, Pirola L. Association between Childhood Overweight and Altered Concentrations of Circulating Amino Acids. Nutrients 2024; 16:1843. [PMID: 38931197 PMCID: PMC11206240 DOI: 10.3390/nu16121843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2024] [Revised: 06/06/2024] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Dysregulated serum amino acids (AA) are known to be associated with obesity and risk of Type 2 Diabetes (T2D) in adults, and recent studies support the same notion in the pubertal age. It is, however, unknown whether childhood overweight may already display alterations of circulating AA. (2) Methods: We used liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS)-targeted metabolomics to determine plasma concentrations of AA and AA-related molecules in 36 children aged 7-12 years with normal weight or overweight. Clinical and anthropometric parameters were measured. (3) Results: Overweight in children is associated with an altered AA profile, with increased branched-chain amino acids (BCAA) and decreased glycine levels, with no clinically manifested metabolic conditions. Moreover, z-BMI was positively and negatively correlated with BCAA and glycine levels, respectively, even after adjustment for age and gender. We also found a correlation between the AA profile and clinical parameters such as lipids profile and glycemia. (4) Conclusions: A pattern of low glycine, and increased BCAA is correlated to z-BMI, total cholesterol, and triglycerides in overweight but otherwise healthy children. Our data suggest that, in childhood overweight, AA disturbances may precede other clinical parameters, thus providing an early indicator for the later development of metabolic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jéssica de Oliveira Campos
- Laboratory of Nutrition, Physical Activity and Phenotypic Plasticity, Academic Center of Vitória, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, UFPE, Vitória de Santo Antão 55608-680, PE, Brazil; (J.d.O.C.); (T.L.P.S.d.A.O.); (J.G.P.); (C.G.L.); (J.H.d.C.-S.)
- Laboratory of Physical Evaluation and Signal Processing, Academic Center of Vitória, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, UFPE, Vitória de Santo Antão 55608-680, PE, Brazil; (I.d.C.R.N.); (G.C.J.S.)
- INSERM Unit 1060, CarMeN Laboratory, Lyon Civil Hospitals, Claude Bernard Lyon1 University, 69310 Pierre Bénite, France; (O.V.); (K.C.)
| | - Tafnes Laís Pereira Santos de Almeida Oliveira
- Laboratory of Nutrition, Physical Activity and Phenotypic Plasticity, Academic Center of Vitória, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, UFPE, Vitória de Santo Antão 55608-680, PE, Brazil; (J.d.O.C.); (T.L.P.S.d.A.O.); (J.G.P.); (C.G.L.); (J.H.d.C.-S.)
- Laboratory of Physical Evaluation and Signal Processing, Academic Center of Vitória, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, UFPE, Vitória de Santo Antão 55608-680, PE, Brazil; (I.d.C.R.N.); (G.C.J.S.)
| | - Oriane Vitalis
- INSERM Unit 1060, CarMeN Laboratory, Lyon Civil Hospitals, Claude Bernard Lyon1 University, 69310 Pierre Bénite, France; (O.V.); (K.C.)
| | - Jéssica Gonzaga Pereira
- Laboratory of Nutrition, Physical Activity and Phenotypic Plasticity, Academic Center of Vitória, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, UFPE, Vitória de Santo Antão 55608-680, PE, Brazil; (J.d.O.C.); (T.L.P.S.d.A.O.); (J.G.P.); (C.G.L.); (J.H.d.C.-S.)
- Laboratory of Physical Evaluation and Signal Processing, Academic Center of Vitória, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, UFPE, Vitória de Santo Antão 55608-680, PE, Brazil; (I.d.C.R.N.); (G.C.J.S.)
| | - Isabella da Costa Ribeiro Nogueira
- Laboratory of Physical Evaluation and Signal Processing, Academic Center of Vitória, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, UFPE, Vitória de Santo Antão 55608-680, PE, Brazil; (I.d.C.R.N.); (G.C.J.S.)
| | - Gabriela Carvalho Jurema Santos
- Laboratory of Physical Evaluation and Signal Processing, Academic Center of Vitória, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, UFPE, Vitória de Santo Antão 55608-680, PE, Brazil; (I.d.C.R.N.); (G.C.J.S.)
| | - Karim Chikh
- INSERM Unit 1060, CarMeN Laboratory, Lyon Civil Hospitals, Claude Bernard Lyon1 University, 69310 Pierre Bénite, France; (O.V.); (K.C.)
| | - Carol Gois Leandro
- Laboratory of Nutrition, Physical Activity and Phenotypic Plasticity, Academic Center of Vitória, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, UFPE, Vitória de Santo Antão 55608-680, PE, Brazil; (J.d.O.C.); (T.L.P.S.d.A.O.); (J.G.P.); (C.G.L.); (J.H.d.C.-S.)
- Laboratory of Physical Evaluation and Signal Processing, Academic Center of Vitória, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, UFPE, Vitória de Santo Antão 55608-680, PE, Brazil; (I.d.C.R.N.); (G.C.J.S.)
| | - João Henrique da Costa-Silva
- Laboratory of Nutrition, Physical Activity and Phenotypic Plasticity, Academic Center of Vitória, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, UFPE, Vitória de Santo Antão 55608-680, PE, Brazil; (J.d.O.C.); (T.L.P.S.d.A.O.); (J.G.P.); (C.G.L.); (J.H.d.C.-S.)
- Laboratory of Physical Evaluation and Signal Processing, Academic Center of Vitória, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, UFPE, Vitória de Santo Antão 55608-680, PE, Brazil; (I.d.C.R.N.); (G.C.J.S.)
| | - Luciano Pirola
- INSERM Unit 1060, CarMeN Laboratory, Lyon Civil Hospitals, Claude Bernard Lyon1 University, 69310 Pierre Bénite, France; (O.V.); (K.C.)
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Pataky MW, Nair KS. Response to Comment on Pataky et al. Divergent Skeletal Muscle Metabolomic Signatures of Different Exercise Training Modes Independently Predict Cardiometabolic Risk Factors. Diabetes 2024;73:23-37. Diabetes 2024; 73:e4-e5. [PMID: 38506957 DOI: 10.2337/dbi24-0017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Mark W Pataky
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
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Shao M, Chen D, Wang Q, Guo F, Wei F, Zhang W, Gan T, Luo Y, Fan X, Du P, Liu Y, Ma X, Ren G, Song Y, Zhao Y, Qin G. Canagliflozin regulates metabolic reprogramming in diabetic kidney disease by inducing fasting-like and aestivation-like metabolic patterns. Diabetologia 2024; 67:738-754. [PMID: 38236410 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-023-06078-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors (SGLT2i) are antihyperglycaemic drugs that protect the kidneys of individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus. However, the underlying mechanisms mediating the renal benefits of SGLT2i are not fully understood. Considering the fuel switches that occur during therapeutic SGLT2 inhibition, we hypothesised that SGLT2i induce fasting-like and aestivation-like metabolic patterns, both of which contribute to the regulation of metabolic reprogramming in diabetic kidney disease (DKD). METHODS Untargeted and targeted metabolomics assays were performed on plasma samples from participants with type 2 diabetes and kidney disease (n=35, 11 women) receiving canagliflozin (CANA) 100 mg/day at baseline and 12 week follow-up. Next, a systematic snapshot of the effect of CANA on key metabolites and pathways in the kidney was obtained using db/db mice. Moreover, the effects of glycine supplementation in db/db mice and human proximal tubular epithelial cells (human kidney-2 [HK-2]) cells were studied. RESULTS Treatment of DKD patients with CANA for 12 weeks significantly reduced HbA1c from a median (interquartile range 25-75%) of 49.0 (44.0-57.0) mmol/mol (7.9%, [7.10-9.20%]) to 42.2 (39.7-47.7) mmol/mol (6.8%, [6.40-7.70%]), and reduced urinary albumin/creatinine ratio from 67.8 (45.9-159.0) mg/mmol to 47.0 (26.0-93.6) mg/mmol. The untargeted metabolomics assay showed downregulated glycolysis and upregulated fatty acid oxidation. The targeted metabolomics assay revealed significant upregulation of glycine. The kidneys of db/db mice undergo significant metabolic reprogramming, with changes in sugar, lipid and amino acid metabolism; CANA regulated the metabolic reprogramming in the kidneys of db/db mice. In particular, the pathways for glycine, serine and threonine metabolism, as well as the metabolite of glycine, were significantly upregulated in CANA-treated kidneys. Glycine supplementation ameliorated renal lesions in db/db mice by inhibiting food intake, improving insulin sensitivity and reducing blood glucose levels. Glycine supplementation improved apoptosis of human proximal tubule cells via the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK)/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION In conclusion, our study shows that CANA ameliorates DKD by inducing fasting-like and aestivation-like metabolic patterns. Furthermore, DKD was ameliorated by glycine supplementation, and the beneficial effects of glycine were probably due to the activation of the AMPK/mTOR pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingwei Shao
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Duo Chen
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Qingzhu Wang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Feng Guo
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Fangyi Wei
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Tian Gan
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Yuanyuan Luo
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Xunjie Fan
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Peijie Du
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Yanxia Liu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Xiaojun Ma
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Gaofei Ren
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Yi Song
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Yanyan Zhao
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.
| | - Guijun Qin
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.
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Pataky MW, Kumar AP, Gaul DA, Moore SG, Dasari S, Robinson MM, Klaus KA, Kumar AA, Fernandez FM, Nair KS. Divergent Skeletal Muscle Metabolomic Signatures of Different Exercise Training Modes Independently Predict Cardiometabolic Risk Factors. Diabetes 2024; 73:23-37. [PMID: 37862464 PMCID: PMC10784655 DOI: 10.2337/db23-0142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/22/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the link between enhancement of SI (by hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp) and muscle metabolites after 12 weeks of aerobic (high-intensity interval training [HIIT]), resistance training (RT), or combined training (CT) exercise in 52 lean healthy individuals. Muscle RNA sequencing revealed a significant association between SI after both HIIT and RT and the branched-chain amino acid (BCAA) metabolic pathway. Concurrently with increased expression and activity of branched-chain ketoacid dehydrogenase enzyme, many muscle amino metabolites, including BCAAs, glutamate, phenylalanine, aspartate, asparagine, methionine, and γ-aminobutyric acid, increased with HIIT, supporting the substantial impact of HIIT on amino acid metabolism. Short-chain C3 and C5 acylcarnitines were reduced in muscle with all three training modes, but unlike RT, both HIIT and CT increased tricarboxylic acid metabolites and cardiolipins, supporting greater mitochondrial activity with aerobic training. Conversely, RT and CT increased more plasma membrane phospholipids than HIIT, suggesting a resistance exercise effect on cellular membrane protection against environmental damage. Sex and age contributed modestly to the exercise-induced changes in metabolites and their association with cardiometabolic parameters. Integrated transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses suggest various clusters of genes and metabolites are involved in distinct effects of HIIT, RT, and CT. These distinct metabolic signatures of different exercise modes independently link each type of exercise training to improved SI and cardiometabolic risk. ARTICLE HIGHLIGHTS We aimed to understand the link between skeletal muscle metabolites and cardiometabolic health after exercise training. Although aerobic, resistance, and combined exercise training each enhance muscle insulin sensitivity as well as other cardiometabolic parameters, they disparately alter amino and citric acid metabolites as well as the lipidome, linking these metabolomic changes independently to the improvement of cardiometabolic risks with each exercise training mode. These findings reveal an important layer of the unique exercise mode-dependent changes in muscle metabolism, which may eventually lead to more informed exercise prescription for improving SI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark W. Pataky
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | | | - David A. Gaul
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA
| | - Samuel G. Moore
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA
| | - Surendra Dasari
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Matthew M. Robinson
- School of Biological and Population Health Sciences, College of Public Health and Human Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR
| | | | - A. Aneesh Kumar
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Facundo M. Fernandez
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA
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7
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Fushuku S, Ushikai M, Arimura E, Komaki Y, Horiuchi M. Acute repeated cage exchange stress modifies urinary stress and plasma metabolic profiles in male mice. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0292649. [PMID: 37815996 PMCID: PMC10564260 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0292649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Exposure to a novel environment is psychologically and physically stressful for humans and animals. The response has been reported to involve enhanced sympathetic nervous system activity, but changes in nutrient levels under stress are not fully understood. As a form of exposure to a novel environment, repeated cage exchange (CE, four times at 2-h intervals for 8 h from 08:00 h) during the light phase with no restraint on movement was applied to A/J mice, a strain particularly prone to stress. Body temperature was measured with a temperature-sensing microchip implanted in the interscapular region. The stress conditions and anxiety level were evaluated by measuring urinary catecholamines and corticosterone and by performing an anxiety-like behavior test, respectively. Major nutrients such as glucose, fatty acids, and amino acids in the plasma were also examined. CE mice showed a significant increase in body temperature with each CE. They also showed a significantly greater reduction of body weight change, more water intake, and higher levels of urinary catecholamines and corticosterone and anxiety-like behavior score than control mice. The model revealed a significantly lower plasma glucose level and higher levels of several essential amino acids, such as branched-chain amino acids and phenylalanine, than those of control mice. Meanwhile, free fatty acids and several amino acids such as arginine, aspartic acid, proline, threonine, and tryptophan in both sets of mice were significantly decreased from the corresponding levels at 08:00 h, while similar plasma levels were exhibited between mice with and without CE. In conclusion, repeated CE stress was associated with changes in glucose and amino acids in plasma. Although further study is needed to clarify how these changes are specifically linked to anxiety-like behavior, this study suggests the potential for nutritional intervention to counter stress in humans exposed to novel environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayuri Fushuku
- Department of Hygiene and Health Promotion Medicine, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Miharu Ushikai
- Department of Hygiene and Health Promotion Medicine, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Emi Arimura
- Department of Hygiene and Health Promotion Medicine, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
- Major in Food and Nutrition, Department of Life and Environmental Science, Kagoshima Prefectural College, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Yuga Komaki
- Department of Hygiene and Health Promotion Medicine, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Masahisa Horiuchi
- Department of Hygiene and Health Promotion Medicine, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
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8
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do Prado WL, Josephson S, Cosentino RG, Churilla JR, Hossain J, Balagopal PB. Preliminary evidence of glycine as a biomarker of cardiovascular disease risk in children with obesity. Int J Obes (Lond) 2023; 47:1023-1026. [PMID: 37516817 DOI: 10.1038/s41366-023-01354-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/31/2023]
Abstract
Glycine (GLY) is a substrate for a wide range of metabolic processes. Several preclinical and adult studies demonstrated inverse associations of GLY with obesity, cardiovascular disease (CVD) and diabetes. However, little evidence is available on relationships between GLY and CVD risk in children. We assessed links between circulating GLY and biomarkers of CVD in children with obesity. Participants included both male and females with normal weight (NW, n = 6) and obesity (OB, n = 15), with age 14-18 years and Tanner stage >IV. Concentrations of GLY, branched chain amino acids (BCAA), and 25-hydroxy vitamin-D [25(OH)D], glucose, insulin, adiponectin, high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), and interleukin-6 (IL-6) were measured using established techniques, and body composition by DXA. Homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) was calculated. Our study identified major relationships of GLY (p-value < 0.01 for all) of GLY with visceral fat (r2 = 0.40), BCAA (r2 = 0.44), HOMA-IR (r2 = 0.33), 25(OH)D (r2 = 0.48), IL-6 (r2 = 0.46) and adiponectin (r2 = 0.39). Given that CVD progression is a continuum and the disease itself is not present in children and biomarkers are typically used to monitor CVD in children, the links between GLY and biomarkers of CVD provide evidence for the first time of a potential role for GLY in CVD in children with obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Samantha Josephson
- Biomedical Research, Nemours Children's Health System, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Ralph G Cosentino
- Department of Kinesiology, University of North Florida, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - James R Churilla
- Department of Kinesiology, University of North Florida, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Jobayer Hossain
- Department of Biostatistics, Nemours Children's Health System, Wilmington, DE, USA
| | - P Babu Balagopal
- Biomedical Research, Nemours Children's Health System, Jacksonville, FL, USA.
- Department of Pediatrics, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA.
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Andersen CJ, Huang L, Zhai F, Esposito CP, Greco JM, Zhang R, Woodruff R, Sloan A, Van Dyke AR. Consumption of Different Egg-Based Diets Alters Clinical Metabolic and Hematological Parameters in Young, Healthy Men and Women. Nutrients 2023; 15:3747. [PMID: 37686779 PMCID: PMC10490185 DOI: 10.3390/nu15173747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Eggs-particularly egg yolks-are a rich source of bioactive nutrients and dietary compounds that influence metabolic health, lipid metabolism, immune function, and hematopoiesis. We investigated the effects of consuming an egg-free diet, three egg whites per day, and three whole eggs per day for 4 weeks on comprehensive clinical metabolic, immune, and hematologic profiles in young, healthy adults (18-35 y, BMI < 30 kg/m2 or <30% body fat for men and <40% body fat for women, n = 26) in a 16-week randomized, crossover intervention trial. We observed that average daily macro- and micronutrient intake significantly differed across egg diet periods, including greater intake of choline during the whole egg diet period, which corresponded to increased serum choline and betaine without altering trimethylamine N-oxide. Egg white and whole egg intake increased serum isoleucine while whole egg intake reduced serum glycine-markers of increased and decreased risk of insulin resistance, respectively-without altering other markers of glucose sensitivity or inflammation. Whole egg intake increased a subset of large HDL particles (H6P, 10.8 nm) and decreased the total cholesterol:HDL-cholesterol ratio and % monocytes in female participants using combined oral contraceptive (COC) medication (n = 11) as compared to female non-users (n = 10). Whole egg intake further increased blood hematocrit whereas egg white and whole egg intake reduced blood platelet counts. Changes in clinical immune cell counts between egg white and whole egg diet periods were negatively correlated with several HDL parameters yet positively correlated with measures of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins and insulin sensitivity. Overall, the intake of whole eggs led to greater overall improvements in micronutrient diet quality, choline status, and HDL and hematologic profiles while minimally-yet potentially less adversely-affecting markers of insulin resistance as compared to egg whites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine J. Andersen
- Department of Biology, Fairfield University, Fairfield, CT 06824, USA; (J.M.G.); (A.S.)
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA; (L.H.); (F.Z.); (R.Z.); (R.W.)
| | - Lindsey Huang
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA; (L.H.); (F.Z.); (R.Z.); (R.W.)
| | - Fangyi Zhai
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA; (L.H.); (F.Z.); (R.Z.); (R.W.)
| | - Christa Palancia Esposito
- Marion Peckham Egan School of Nursing and Health Studies, Fairfield University, Fairfield, CT 06824, USA;
| | - Julia M. Greco
- Department of Biology, Fairfield University, Fairfield, CT 06824, USA; (J.M.G.); (A.S.)
| | - Ruijie Zhang
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA; (L.H.); (F.Z.); (R.Z.); (R.W.)
| | - Rachael Woodruff
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA; (L.H.); (F.Z.); (R.Z.); (R.W.)
| | - Allison Sloan
- Department of Biology, Fairfield University, Fairfield, CT 06824, USA; (J.M.G.); (A.S.)
| | - Aaron R. Van Dyke
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Fairfield University, Fairfield, CT 06824, USA;
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10
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Han S, Wu Q, Wang M, Yang M, Sun C, Liang J, Guo X, Zhang Z, Xu J, Qiu X, Xie C, Chen S, Gao Y, Meng ZX. An integrative profiling of metabolome and transcriptome in the plasma and skeletal muscle following an exercise intervention in diet-induced obese mice. J Mol Cell Biol 2023; 15:mjad016. [PMID: 36882217 PMCID: PMC10576543 DOI: 10.1093/jmcb/mjad016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Exercise intervention at the early stage of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) can aid in the maintenance of blood glucose homeostasis and prevent the development of macrovascular and microvascular complications. However, the exercise-regulated pathways that prevent the development of T2DM remain largely unclear. In this study, two forms of exercise intervention, treadmill training and voluntary wheel running, were conducted for high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obese mice. We observed that both forms of exercise intervention alleviated HFD-induced insulin resistance and glucose intolerance. Skeletal muscle is recognized as the primary site for postprandial glucose uptake and for responsive alteration beyond exercise training. Metabolomic profiling of the plasma and skeletal muscle in Chow, HFD, and HFD-exercise groups revealed robust alterations in metabolic pathways by exercise intervention in both cases. Overlapping analysis identified nine metabolites, including beta-alanine, leucine, valine, and tryptophan, which were reversed by exercise treatment in both the plasma and skeletal muscle. Transcriptomic analysis of gene expression profiles in the skeletal muscle revealed several key pathways involved in the beneficial effects of exercise on metabolic homeostasis. In addition, integrative transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses uncovered strong correlations between the concentrations of bioactive metabolites and the expression levels of genes involved in energy metabolism, insulin sensitivity, and immune response in the skeletal muscle. This work established two models of exercise intervention in obese mice and provided mechanistic insights into the beneficial effects of exercise intervention on systemic energy homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Han
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology and Department of Cardiology of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Department of Geriatrics, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Qingqian Wu
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology and Department of Cardiology of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Key Laboratory of Disease Proteomics of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Mengying Wang
- Department of Big Data in Health Science School of Public Health, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Miqi Yang
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology and Department of Cardiology of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Chen Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Jiaqi Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Xiaozhen Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Material Medical, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Zheyu Zhang
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology and Department of Cardiology of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jingya Xu
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology and Department of Cardiology of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xinyuan Qiu
- Department of Biology and Chemistry, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China
| | - Cen Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Material Medical, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Siyu Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Yue Gao
- Department of Geriatrics, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Zhuo-Xian Meng
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology and Department of Cardiology of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Department of Geriatrics, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310006, China
- Key Laboratory of Disease Proteomics of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
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11
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Muli S, Brachem C, Alexy U, Schmid M, Oluwagbemigun K, Nöthlings U. Exploring the association of physical activity with the plasma and urine metabolome in adolescents and young adults. Nutr Metab (Lond) 2023; 20:23. [PMID: 37020289 PMCID: PMC10074825 DOI: 10.1186/s12986-023-00742-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Regular physical activity elicits many health benefits. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms through which physical activity influences overall health are less understood. Untargeted metabolomics enables system-wide mapping of molecular perturbations which may lend insights into physiological responses to regular physical activity. In this study, we investigated the associations of habitual physical activity with plasma and urine metabolome in adolescents and young adults. METHODS This cross-sectional study included participants from the DONALD (DOrtmund Nutritional and Anthropometric Longitudinally Designed) study with plasma samples n = 365 (median age: 18.4 (18.1, 25.0) years, 58% females) and 24 h urine samples n = 215 (median age: 18.1 (17.1, 18.2) years, 51% females). Habitual physical activity was assessed using a validated Adolescent Physical Activity Recall Questionnaire. Plasma and urine metabolite concentrations were determined using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectroscopy (UPLC-MS/MS) methods. In a sex-stratified analysis, we conducted principal component analysis (PCA) to reduce the dimensionality of metabolite data and to create metabolite patterns. Multivariable linear regression models were then applied to assess the associations between self-reported physical activity (metabolic equivalent of task (MET)-hours per week) with single metabolites and metabolite patterns, adjusted for potential confounders and controlling the false discovery rate (FDR) at 5% for each set of regressions. RESULTS Habitual physical activity was positively associated with the "lipid, amino acids and xenometabolite" pattern in the plasma samples of male participants only (β = 1.02; 95% CI: 1.01, 1.04, p = 0.001, adjusted p = 0.042). In both sexes, no association of physical activity with single metabolites in plasma and urine and metabolite patterns in urine was found (all adjusted p > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Our explorative study suggests that habitual physical activity is associated with alterations of a group of metabolites reflected in the plasma metabolite pattern in males. These perturbations may lend insights into some of underlying mechanisms that modulate effects of physical activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Muli
- Nutritional Epidemiology, Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, University of Bonn, Friedrich-Hirzebruch- Allee 7, 53115, Bonn, Germany.
| | - Christian Brachem
- Nutritional Epidemiology, Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, University of Bonn, Friedrich-Hirzebruch- Allee 7, 53115, Bonn, Germany
| | - Ute Alexy
- Nutritional Epidemiology, Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, University of Bonn, Friedrich-Hirzebruch- Allee 7, 53115, Bonn, Germany
| | - Matthias Schmid
- Institute for Medical Biometry, Informatics and Epidemiology (IMBIE), University Hospital Bonn, Venusberg Campus 1, 53127, Bonn, Germany
| | - Kolade Oluwagbemigun
- Nutritional Epidemiology, Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, University of Bonn, Friedrich-Hirzebruch- Allee 7, 53115, Bonn, Germany
| | - Ute Nöthlings
- Nutritional Epidemiology, Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, University of Bonn, Friedrich-Hirzebruch- Allee 7, 53115, Bonn, Germany
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12
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Lohkamp KJ, van den Hoek AM, Solé-Guardia G, Lisovets M, Alves Hoffmann T, Velanaki K, Geenen B, Verweij V, Morrison MC, Kleemann R, Wiesmann M, Kiliaan AJ. The Preventive Effect of Exercise and Oral Branched-Chain Amino Acid Supplementation on Obesity-Induced Brain Changes in Ldlr−/−.Leiden Mice. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15071716. [PMID: 37049556 PMCID: PMC10097391 DOI: 10.3390/nu15071716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Revised: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Exercise and dietary interventions are promising approaches to tackle obesity and its obesogenic effects on the brain. We investigated the impact of exercise and possible synergistic effects of exercise and branched-chain amino acids (BCAA) supplementation on the brain and behavior in high-fat-diet (HFD)-induced obese Ldlr−/−.Leiden mice. Baseline measurements were performed in chow-fed Ldlr−/−.Leiden mice to assess metabolic risk factors, cognition, and brain structure using magnetic resonance imaging. Thereafter, a subgroup was sacrificed, serving as a healthy reference. The remaining mice were fed an HFD and divided into three groups: (i) no exercise, (ii) exercise, or (iii) exercise and dietary BCAA. Mice were followed for 6 months and aforementioned tests were repeated. We found that exercise alone changed cerebral blood flow, attenuated white matter loss, and reduced neuroinflammation compared to non-exercising HFD-fed mice. Contrarily, no favorable effects of exercise on the brain were found in combination with BCAA, and neuroinflammation was increased. However, cognition was slightly improved in exercising mice on BCAA. Moreover, BCAA and exercise increased the percentage of epididymal white adipose tissue and muscle weight, decreased body weight and fasting insulin levels, improved the circadian rhythm, and transiently improved grip strength. In conclusion, BCAA should be supplemented with caution, although beneficial effects on metabolism, behavior, and cognition were observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klara J. Lohkamp
- Department of Medical Imaging, Anatomy, Radboud University Medical Center, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behavior, Preclinical Imaging Center PRIME, Radboud Alzheimer Center, 6525 EZ Nijmegen, The Netherlands; (K.J.L.); (G.S.-G.); (M.L.); (T.A.H.); (K.V.); (B.G.); (V.V.); (M.W.)
| | - Anita M. van den Hoek
- Department of Metabolic Health Research, Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), 2333 BE Leiden, The Netherlands; (A.M.v.d.H.); (M.C.M.); (R.K.)
| | - Gemma Solé-Guardia
- Department of Medical Imaging, Anatomy, Radboud University Medical Center, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behavior, Preclinical Imaging Center PRIME, Radboud Alzheimer Center, 6525 EZ Nijmegen, The Netherlands; (K.J.L.); (G.S.-G.); (M.L.); (T.A.H.); (K.V.); (B.G.); (V.V.); (M.W.)
| | - Maria Lisovets
- Department of Medical Imaging, Anatomy, Radboud University Medical Center, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behavior, Preclinical Imaging Center PRIME, Radboud Alzheimer Center, 6525 EZ Nijmegen, The Netherlands; (K.J.L.); (G.S.-G.); (M.L.); (T.A.H.); (K.V.); (B.G.); (V.V.); (M.W.)
| | - Talissa Alves Hoffmann
- Department of Medical Imaging, Anatomy, Radboud University Medical Center, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behavior, Preclinical Imaging Center PRIME, Radboud Alzheimer Center, 6525 EZ Nijmegen, The Netherlands; (K.J.L.); (G.S.-G.); (M.L.); (T.A.H.); (K.V.); (B.G.); (V.V.); (M.W.)
| | - Konstantina Velanaki
- Department of Medical Imaging, Anatomy, Radboud University Medical Center, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behavior, Preclinical Imaging Center PRIME, Radboud Alzheimer Center, 6525 EZ Nijmegen, The Netherlands; (K.J.L.); (G.S.-G.); (M.L.); (T.A.H.); (K.V.); (B.G.); (V.V.); (M.W.)
| | - Bram Geenen
- Department of Medical Imaging, Anatomy, Radboud University Medical Center, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behavior, Preclinical Imaging Center PRIME, Radboud Alzheimer Center, 6525 EZ Nijmegen, The Netherlands; (K.J.L.); (G.S.-G.); (M.L.); (T.A.H.); (K.V.); (B.G.); (V.V.); (M.W.)
| | - Vivienne Verweij
- Department of Medical Imaging, Anatomy, Radboud University Medical Center, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behavior, Preclinical Imaging Center PRIME, Radboud Alzheimer Center, 6525 EZ Nijmegen, The Netherlands; (K.J.L.); (G.S.-G.); (M.L.); (T.A.H.); (K.V.); (B.G.); (V.V.); (M.W.)
| | - Martine C. Morrison
- Department of Metabolic Health Research, Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), 2333 BE Leiden, The Netherlands; (A.M.v.d.H.); (M.C.M.); (R.K.)
| | - Robert Kleemann
- Department of Metabolic Health Research, Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), 2333 BE Leiden, The Netherlands; (A.M.v.d.H.); (M.C.M.); (R.K.)
| | - Maximilian Wiesmann
- Department of Medical Imaging, Anatomy, Radboud University Medical Center, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behavior, Preclinical Imaging Center PRIME, Radboud Alzheimer Center, 6525 EZ Nijmegen, The Netherlands; (K.J.L.); (G.S.-G.); (M.L.); (T.A.H.); (K.V.); (B.G.); (V.V.); (M.W.)
| | - Amanda J. Kiliaan
- Department of Medical Imaging, Anatomy, Radboud University Medical Center, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behavior, Preclinical Imaging Center PRIME, Radboud Alzheimer Center, 6525 EZ Nijmegen, The Netherlands; (K.J.L.); (G.S.-G.); (M.L.); (T.A.H.); (K.V.); (B.G.); (V.V.); (M.W.)
- Correspondence:
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13
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Shen QM, Tan YT, Wang J, Fang J, Liu DK, Li HL, Xiang YB. Cross-sectional relationships between general and central adiposity and plasma amino acids in Chinese adults. Amino Acids 2023:10.1007/s00726-023-03258-5. [PMID: 36881189 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-023-03258-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023]
Abstract
Adiposity is an important determinant of blood metabolites, but little is known about the variations of blood amino acids according to general and central adiposity status among Chinese population. This study included 187 females and 322 males who were cancer-free subjects randomly selected from two cohorts in Shanghai, China. Participants' plasma concentrations of amino acids were measured by ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry. Linear regression models were used to examine the cross-sectional correlations between general and central adiposity and amino acid levels. A total of 35 amino acids in plasma were measured in this study. In females, alanine, aspartic acid and pyroglutamic acid were positively correlated with general adiposity. In males, glutamic acid, aspartic acid, valine and pyroglutamic acid showed positive correlations, and glutamine, serine and glycine showed negative correlations with both general and central adiposity; phenylalanine, isoleucine and leucine were positively correlated and N-phenylacetylglutamine was negatively correlated with general adiposity; asparagine was negatively correlated with central adiposity. In summary, general adiposity and central adiposity were correlated with the concentrations of specific plasma amino acids among cancer-free female and male adults in China. Adiposity-metabolite characteristics and relationships should be considered when studying blood biomarkers for adiposity-related health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiu-Ming Shen
- School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogene and Related Genes & Department of Epidemiology, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 25, Lane 2200, Xie Tu Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yu-Ting Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogene and Related Genes & Department of Epidemiology, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 25, Lane 2200, Xie Tu Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Jing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogene and Related Genes & Department of Epidemiology, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 25, Lane 2200, Xie Tu Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Jie Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogene and Related Genes & Department of Epidemiology, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 25, Lane 2200, Xie Tu Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Da-Ke Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogene and Related Genes & Department of Epidemiology, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 25, Lane 2200, Xie Tu Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Hong-Lan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogene and Related Genes & Department of Epidemiology, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 25, Lane 2200, Xie Tu Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yong-Bing Xiang
- School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogene and Related Genes & Department of Epidemiology, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 25, Lane 2200, Xie Tu Road, Shanghai, 200032, China.
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14
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Branched-Chain Amino Acids and Insulin Resistance, from Protein Supply to Diet-Induced Obesity. Nutrients 2022; 15:nu15010068. [PMID: 36615726 PMCID: PMC9824001 DOI: 10.3390/nu15010068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
For more than a decade, there has been a wide debate about the branched-chain amino acids (BCAA) leucine, valine, and isoleucine, with, on the one hand, the supporters of their anabolic effects and, on the other hand, those who suspect them of promoting insulin resistance. Indeed, the role of leucine in the postprandial activation of protein synthesis has been clearly established, even though supplementation studies aimed at taking advantage of this property are rather disappointing. Furthermore, there is ample evidence of an association between the elevation of their plasma concentrations and insulin resistance or the risk of developing type 2 diabetes, although there are many confounding factors, starting with the level of animal protein consumption. After a summary of their metabolism and anabolic properties, we analyze in this review the factors likely to increase the plasma concentrations of BCAAs, including insulin-resistance. After an analysis of supplementation or restriction studies in search of a direct role of BCAAs in insulin resistance, we discuss an indirect role through some of their metabolites: branched-chain keto acids, C3 and C5 acylcarnitines, and hydroxyisobutyrate. Overall, given the importance of insulin in the metabolism of these amino acids, it is very likely that small alterations in insulin sensitivity are responsible for a reduction in their catabolism long before the onset of impaired glucose tolerance.
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15
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Canet F, Christensen JJ, Victor VM, Hustad KS, Ottestad I, Rundblad A, Sæther T, Dalen KT, Ulven SM, Holven KB, Telle-Hansen VH. Glycated Proteins, Glycine, Acetate, and Monounsaturated Fatty Acids May Act as New Biomarkers to Predict the Progression of Type 2 Diabetes: Secondary Analyses of a Randomized Controlled Trial. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14235165. [PMID: 36501195 PMCID: PMC9738624 DOI: 10.3390/nu14235165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 11/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Food protein or food-derived peptides may regulate blood glucose levels; however, studies have shown inconsistent results. The aim of the present study was to characterize subgroups of individuals with increased risk of type 2 diabetes (T2D) and to investigate the cardiometabolic effects of fish protein in the same subgroups. We first divided participants into high insuliniAUC and low insuliniAUC subjects based on their insulin incremental area under the curve (iAUC) levels after a 2 h oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), and secondly based on whether they had received 5.2 g salmon fish protein or placebo for 8 weeks, in a previously conducted randomized controlled trial (RCT). We then profiled these groups by analyzing plasma metabolomics and peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) gene expression. Compared to the low insuliniAUC group, the high insuliniAUC group had higher plasma concentrations of monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs) and glycated proteins (GlycA) and lower concentrations of glycine and acetate. After intervention with fish protein compared to placebo, however, only acetate was significantly increased in the low insuliniAUC group. In conclusion, we identified metabolic biomarkers known to be associated with T2D; also, intervention with fish protein did not affect cardiometabolic risk markers in subgroups with increased risk of T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Canet
- Service of Endocrinology and Nutrition, University Hospital Doctor Peset, Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region (FISABIO), 40617 Valencia, Spain
| | - Jacob J. Christensen
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, 0317 Oslo, Norway
| | - Victor M. Victor
- Service of Endocrinology and Nutrition, University Hospital Doctor Peset, Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region (FISABIO), 40617 Valencia, Spain
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Valencia, Av Blasco Ibáñez 13, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Kristin S. Hustad
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, 0317 Oslo, Norway
| | - Inger Ottestad
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, 0317 Oslo, Norway
| | - Amanda Rundblad
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, 0317 Oslo, Norway
| | - Thomas Sæther
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, 0317 Oslo, Norway
| | - Knut Tomas Dalen
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, 0317 Oslo, Norway
| | - Stine M. Ulven
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, 0317 Oslo, Norway
| | - Kirsten B. Holven
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, 0317 Oslo, Norway
- Norwegian National Advisory Unit on Familial Hypercholesterolemia, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, 0424 Oslo, Norway
| | - Vibeke H. Telle-Hansen
- Department of Nursing and Health Promotion, Faculty of Health Sciences, Oslo Metropolitan University, 0130 Oslo, Norway
- Correspondence:
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16
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Lin C, Sun Z, Mei Z, Zeng H, Zhao M, Hu J, Xia M, Huang T, Wang C, Gao X, Zheng Y. The causal associations of circulating amino acids with blood pressure: a Mendelian randomization study. BMC Med 2022; 20:414. [PMID: 36307799 PMCID: PMC9615211 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-022-02612-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Circulating levels of amino acids were associated with blood pressure (BP) in observational studies. However, the causation of such associations has been hypothesized but is difficult to prove in human studies. Here, we aimed to use two-sample Mendelian randomization analyses to evaluate the potential causal associations of circulating levels of amino acids with BP and risk of hypertension. METHODS We generated genetic instruments for circulating levels of nine amino acids by conducting meta-analyses of genome-wide association study (GWAS) in UK Biobank participants with metabolomic data (n = 98,317) and another published metabolomics GWAS (n = 24,925). Data on the associations of the genetic variants with BP and hypertension were obtained in the UK Biobank participants without metabolomic data (n = 286,390). The causal effects were estimated using inverse-variance weighted method. RESULTS Significant evidence consistently supported the causal effects of increased branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs, i.e., leucine, isoleucine, and valine) levels on higher BP and risk of hypertension (all P < 0.006 after Bonferroni correction except for Pleucine-on-diastolicBP = 0.008). For example, per standard deviation higher of genetically predicted isoleucine levels were associated with 2.71 ± 0.78 mmHg higher systolic BP and 1.24 ± 0.34 mmHg higher diastolic BP, as well as with 7% higher risk of hypertension (odds ratio: 1.07, [95% CI: 1.04-1.10]). In addition, per standard deviation higher of genetically predicted glycine level was associated with lower systolic BP (- 0.70 ± 0.17 mmHg, P = 4.04 × 10-5) and a lower risk of hypertension (0.99 [0.98-0.99], P = 6.46 × 10-5). In the reverse direction, genetically predicted higher systolic BP was associated with lower circulating levels of glycine (- 0.025±0.008, P = 0.001). CONCLUSIONS This study provides evidence for causal impacts of genetically predicted circulating BCAAs and glycine levels on BP. Meanwhile, genetically predicted higher BP was associated with lower glycine levels. Further investigations are warranted to clarify the underlying mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenhao Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Human Phenome Institute and School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, 2005 Songhu Road, Shanghai, 200433, China.,Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhonghan Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Human Phenome Institute and School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, 2005 Songhu Road, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Zhendong Mei
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Human Phenome Institute and School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, 2005 Songhu Road, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Hailuan Zeng
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan Institute for Metabolic Diseases, and Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Manying Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Human Phenome Institute and School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, 2005 Songhu Road, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Jianying Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Human Phenome Institute and School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, 2005 Songhu Road, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Mingfeng Xia
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan Institute for Metabolic Diseases, and Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Tao Huang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Chaolong Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Xin Gao
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan Institute for Metabolic Diseases, and Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Human Phenome Institute and School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, 2005 Songhu Road, Shanghai, 200433, China. .,Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
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17
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Asad M, Muhammad N, Khan N, Shah M, Khan M, Khan M, Badshah A, Latif Z, Nishan U. Colorimetric acetone sensor based on ionic liquid functionalized drug-mediated silver nanostructures. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2022; 221:115043. [PMID: 36155483 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2022.115043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Revised: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The current work reports the drug-mediated synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) and their functionalization with ionic liquid (IL) for acetone determination. The rationale behind the selection of the Augmentin drug was the aromaticity in its structure and the functional groups attached. These properties are not only supposed to work in the synthesis of the nanoparticles but also enhance their electron density. The nanoparticles were further coated with 1-H-3-methylimidazolium acetate IL, having conductivity and aromaticity in their structure. The synthesized nanoparticles have been characterized by different techniques such as FTIR, XRD, SEM, and EDX. Colorimetric determination of acetone was done by using IL capped AgNPs with the assistance of NaCl solution and results were analyzed by UV-Vis spectrophotometry. Low-cost, stable eosin dye works as a substrate and is consumed resulting in a color change from brown to transparent. The IL capped AgNPs act as a reducing agent for the production of reduced radical form of acetone which act on the carboxylate moiety and bubble it out in the form of CO2. Different parameters such as (concentrations, loading of nanoparticles, time and pH, etc.) were optimized to get the best results of the proposed sensor. The sensor shows a wide linear range of (1 ×10-8-2.40 ×10-6 M), low limit of detection 2.66 × 10-9 M, and limit of quantification 8.86 × 10-9 M with an R2 value of 0.997. The proposed sensor has been successfully applied to diabetic patient's urine samples for acetone detection with a visible colorimetric change. It showed good sensitivity and selectivity towards acetone detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Asad
- Department of Chemistry, Kohat University of Science and Technology, Kohat 26000, KP, Pakistan
| | - Nawshad Muhammad
- Department of Dental Materials, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Khyber Medical University, Peshawar, KP, Pakistan
| | - Naeem Khan
- Department of Chemistry, Kohat University of Science and Technology, Kohat 26000, KP, Pakistan
| | - Mohibullah Shah
- Department of Biochemistry, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan 66000, Pakistan.
| | - Muslim Khan
- Department of Chemistry, Kohat University of Science and Technology, Kohat 26000, KP, Pakistan
| | - Mansoor Khan
- Department of Chemistry, Kohat University of Science and Technology, Kohat 26000, KP, Pakistan
| | - Amir Badshah
- Department of Chemistry, Kohat University of Science and Technology, Kohat 26000, KP, Pakistan
| | - Zahina Latif
- Regional Blood Center Hayatabad, Peshawar, KP, Pakistan
| | - Umar Nishan
- Department of Chemistry, Kohat University of Science and Technology, Kohat 26000, KP, Pakistan.
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18
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Vanweert F, Schrauwen P, Phielix E. Role of branched-chain amino acid metabolism in the pathogenesis of obesity and type 2 diabetes-related metabolic disturbances BCAA metabolism in type 2 diabetes. Nutr Diabetes 2022; 12:35. [PMID: 35931683 PMCID: PMC9356071 DOI: 10.1038/s41387-022-00213-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Revised: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Branched-chain amino acid (BCAA) catabolism has been considered to have an emerging role in the pathogenesis of metabolic disturbances in obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D). Several studies showed elevated plasma BCAA levels in humans with insulin resistance and patients with T2D, although the underlying reason is unknown. Dysfunctional BCAA catabolism could theoretically be an underlying factor. In vitro and animal work collectively show that modulation of the BCAA catabolic pathway alters key metabolic processes affecting glucose homeostasis, although an integrated understanding of tissue-specific BCAA catabolism remains largely unknown, especially in humans. Proof-of-concept studies in rodents -and to a lesser extent in humans – strongly suggest that enhancing BCAA catabolism improves glucose homeostasis in metabolic disorders, such as obesity and T2D. In this review, we discuss several hypothesized mechanistic links between BCAA catabolism and insulin resistance and overview current available tools to modulate BCAA catabolism in vivo. Furthermore, this review considers whether enhancing BCAA catabolism forms a potential future treatment strategy to promote metabolic health in insulin resistance and T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Froukje Vanweert
- Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, NUTRIM, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Patrick Schrauwen
- Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, NUTRIM, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Esther Phielix
- Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, NUTRIM, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
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19
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Park SS, Kim SH, Kim CJ, Shin MS, Park YJ, Kim TW. Effects of exercise and microbiota transplant on the memory of obesity-induced mice. J Exerc Rehabil 2022; 18:162-170. [PMID: 35846232 PMCID: PMC9271645 DOI: 10.12965/jer.2244272.136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
This study attempted to investigate the association between changes in the intestinal environment and the brain using a model that received aerobic exercise and microbiome transplantation. All mice were fed a diet containing 60% fat. For the obesity with nonexercise microbiome transplantation group, feces from donors that did not undergo exercise were administered. For the obesity with exercise microbiome trans-plantation group, feces from donors who underwent exercise were administered. Treadmill exercise started 16 weeks after the intake of the high fat feeding and continued for 24 weeks. The short-term memory and spatial learning memory were determined by step-down avoidance test and Morris water maze task, immunohistochemistry for glial fibrillary acidic protein, western blot analysis for brain-derived neurotrophic factor and tropomyosin receptor kinase B were performed in the hippocampus. Exercise was the most effective way to reduce obesity, improve memory function, suppress inflammation, and increase brain-derived neurotrophic factor expression. Intestinal microbiota transplantation was the second most effective after exercise. However, there was no significant difference in the fecal microbiota transplant group according to whether or not exercise was performed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang-Seo Park
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seong-Hyun Kim
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
- College of Culture and Sports, Division of Global Sport Studies, Korea University, Sejong, Korea
| | - Chang-Ju Kim
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Mal-Soon Shin
- College of Culture and Sports, Division of Global Sport Studies, Korea University, Sejong, Korea
| | - Yun-Jin Park
- Department of Health Rehabilitation, Osan University, Osan, Korea
| | - Tae-Woon Kim
- Department of Human Health Care, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Korea
- Corresponding author: Tae-Woon Kim, Department of Human Health Care, Gyeongsang National University, 33 Dongjin-ro, Jinju 52725, Korea,
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20
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Sørgjerd EP, Mjelle R, Beisvåg V, Flatberg A, Grill V, Åsvold BO. Small RNAs are differentially expressed in autoimmune and non-autoimmune diabetes and controls. Eur J Endocrinol 2022; 187:231-240. [PMID: 35616612 PMCID: PMC9254298 DOI: 10.1530/eje-22-0083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Diabetes is a heterogeneous disease and a precise diagnosis of diabetes subgroups is necessary to initiate proper early treatment and clinical management of the disease. Circulating small RNAs (sRNAs) are potentially diagnostic biomarkers in diseases, including diabetes. Here we aimed to examine whether profiles of circulating sRNAs differed between patients with autoimmune and non-autoimmune diabetes and non-diabetic controls. DESIGN This cross-sectional case-control study included participants from the third survey of the HUNT study. METHODS We performed sRNA sequencing in serum from adult-onset type 1 diabetes (n = 51), type 2 diabetes (n = 50) and latent autoimmune diabetes in adult (LADA, n = 51), as well as non-diabetic HUNT3 participants as control group (n = 51). Differential expression analysis of the sRNAs was performed in R using limma-voom. RESULTS We identified differences in sRNA expression between autoimmune (type 1 diabetes and LADA) and non-autoimmune diabetes (type 2 diabetes) and between patients with diabetes and non-diabetic controls. Focusing on miRNA, we identified 10 differentially expressed mature miRNAs and 30 differentially expressed miRNA variants (isomiRs). We also identified significant changes within other sRNA classes, including a pronounced downregulation of a tRNA fragment in patients with diabetes compared to non-diabetic controls. We created cross-validated sRNA signatures based on the significant sRNAs that distinguished patients with diabetes from non-diabetic controls, and autoimmune from non-autoimmune diabetes, with high specificity and sensitivity. sRNA profiles did not distinguish between type 1 diabetes and LADA. CONCLUSIONS Circulating sRNAs are differentially expressed between patients with diabetes and non-diabetic controls and between autoimmune and non-autoimmune diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elin Pettersen Sørgjerd
- HUNT Research Centre, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, NTNU, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger, Norway
- Department of Endocrinology, Clinic of Medicine, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
- Correspondence should be addressed to E P Sørgjerd;
| | - Robin Mjelle
- Bioinformatics Core Facility – BioCore, Norwegian University of Science and Technology NTNU, Trondheim, Norway
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, NTNU, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Vidar Beisvåg
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, NTNU, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- Central Administration, St. Olav’s Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Arnar Flatberg
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, NTNU, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- Central Administration, St. Olav’s Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Valdemar Grill
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, NTNU, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Bjørn O Åsvold
- HUNT Research Centre, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, NTNU, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger, Norway
- Department of Endocrinology, Clinic of Medicine, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
- K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, NTNU, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
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21
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Trinh B, Peletier M, Simonsen C, Plomgaard P, Karstoft K, Pedersen BK, van Hall G, Ellingsgaard H. Amino Acid Metabolism and Protein Turnover in Lean and Obese Humans During Exercise-Effect of IL-6 Receptor Blockade. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2022; 107:1854-1864. [PMID: 35442403 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgac239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Interleukin-6 (IL-6) is implicated in skeletal muscle wasting and in regulating skeletal muscle hypertrophy in the healthy state. OBJECTIVE This work aimed to determine the role of IL-6 in regulating systemic protein and amino acid metabolism during rest, exercise, and recovery in lean and obese humans. METHODS In a nonrandomized, single-blind design, 12 lean and 9 obese individuals were infused first with 0.9% saline (Saline), secondly with the IL-6 receptor antibody tocilizumab (Acute IL-6R ab), and 21 days later with saline while still under tocilizumab influence (Chronic IL-6R ab). Outcome measures were determined before, during, and after 90 minutes of exercise at 40% Wattmax by isotope dilution technique, using primed continuous infusion of L-[ring-D5]phenylalanine and L-[D2]tyrosine. Main outcomes measures included systemic protein turnover and plasma amino acid concentrations. RESULTS We saw no effect of acute or chronic IL-6 receptor blockade on protein turnover. In lean individuals, chronic IL-6 receptor blockade increased plasma concentrations of total amino acids (rest Δ + 186 μmol/L; 95% CI, 40-332; recovery Δ + 201 μmol/L; 95% CI, 55-347) and essential amino acids (rest Δ + 43 μmol/L; 95% CI, 12-76; recovery Δ + 45 μmol/L; 95% CI, 13-77) independently of exercise but had no such effect in obese individuals (total amino acids rest Δ + 63 μmol/L; 95% CI, -170 to 295, recovery Δ - 23 μmol/L, 95% CI, -256 to 210; essential amino acids rest Δ + 26 μmol/L; 95% CI, -21 to 73, recovery Δ + 11 μmol/L; 95% CI, -36 to 58). CONCLUSION IL-6 receptor blockade has no effect on protein turnover in fasting lean and obese humans during rest, exercise, and recovery. Chronic IL-6 receptor blockade increases total and essential amino acid concentrations only in lean individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beckey Trinh
- The Centre for Physical Activity Research, Rigshospitalet, Section 7641, Copenhagen 2100, Denmark
| | - Merel Peletier
- The Centre for Physical Activity Research, Rigshospitalet, Section 7641, Copenhagen 2100, Denmark
| | - Casper Simonsen
- The Centre for Physical Activity Research, Rigshospitalet, Section 7641, Copenhagen 2100, Denmark
| | - Peter Plomgaard
- The Centre for Physical Activity Research, Rigshospitalet, Section 7641, Copenhagen 2100, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen 2100, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2100, Denmark
| | - Kristian Karstoft
- The Centre for Physical Activity Research, Rigshospitalet, Section 7641, Copenhagen 2100, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Bispebjerg-Frederiksberg Hospital, Copenhagen 2400, Denmark
| | - Bente Klarlund Pedersen
- The Centre for Physical Activity Research, Rigshospitalet, Section 7641, Copenhagen 2100, Denmark
| | - Gerrit van Hall
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen 2100, Denmark
- Clinical Metabolomics Core Facility, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen 2100, Denmark
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2100, Denmark
| | - Helga Ellingsgaard
- The Centre for Physical Activity Research, Rigshospitalet, Section 7641, Copenhagen 2100, Denmark
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22
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Research in the Field of Exercise and Metabolomics: A Bibliometric and Visual Analysis. Metabolites 2022; 12:metabo12060542. [PMID: 35736475 PMCID: PMC9230385 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12060542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this article was to conduct a bibliometric analysis of global research trends in the field of exercise and metabolomics between 2005 and 2020. Systematic articles were obtained from the literature in the Web of Science core collection database from 2005 to 2020. The relationship between the number of publications, citations, countries, journals, authors, and the evolution of research hotspots was analyzed. A total of 807 studies were included in the analysis. From 2005 to 2020, the number of citations and the number of published articles showed an upward trend. Keyword co-occurrence indicates that research hotspots are focused on exercise, physical activity, metabolomics, obesity, insulin resistance, inflammation, and cardiovascular disease. Keyword clustering indicates that the research frontier is focused on the field of sports medicine, which includes molecular-level studies of exercise interventions in disease and studies of the physiological mechanisms by which exercise alters the body. Overall, this trinity of models, combining chronic disease with exercise interventions and molecular-level studies of metabolomics, has become the forefront of research in the field. This historical review of the field of exercise and metabolomics will further provide a useful basis for hot issues and future development trends.
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23
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Fiamoncini J, Donado-Pestana CM, Duarte GBS, Rundle M, Thomas EL, Kiselova-Kaneva Y, Gundersen TE, Bunzel D, Trezzi JP, Kulling SE, Hiller K, Sonntag D, Ivanova D, Brennan L, Wopereis S, van Ommen B, Frost G, Bell J, Drevon CA, Daniel H. Plasma Metabolic Signatures of Healthy Overweight Subjects Challenged With an Oral Glucose Tolerance Test. Front Nutr 2022; 9:898782. [PMID: 35774538 PMCID: PMC9237474 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.898782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Insulin secretion following ingestion of a carbohydrate load affects a multitude of metabolic pathways that simultaneously change direction and quantity of interorgan fluxes of sugars, lipids and amino acids. In the present study, we aimed at identifying markers associated with differential responses to an OGTT a population of healthy adults. By use of three metabolite profiling platforms, we assessed these postprandial responses of a total of 202 metabolites in plasma of 72 healthy volunteers undergoing comprehensive phenotyping and of which half enrolled into a weight-loss program over a three-month period. A standard oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) served as dietary challenge test to identify changes in postprandial metabolite profiles. Despite classified as healthy according to WHO criteria, two discrete clusters (A and B) were identified based on the postprandial glucose profiles with a balanced distribution of volunteers based on gender and other measures. Cluster A individuals displayed 26% higher postprandial glucose levels, delayed glucose clearance and increased fasting plasma concentrations of more than 20 known biomarkers of insulin resistance and diabetes previously identified in large cohort studies. The volunteers identified by canonical postprandial responses that form cluster A may be called pre-pre-diabetics and defined as “at risk” for development of insulin resistance. Moreover, postprandial changes in selected fatty acids and complex lipids, bile acids, amino acids, acylcarnitines and sugars like mannose revealed marked differences in the responses seen in cluster A and cluster B individuals that sustained over the entire challenge test period of 240 min. Almost all metabolites, including glucose and insulin, returned to baseline values at the end of the test (at 240 min), except a variety of amino acids and here those that have been linked to diabetes development. Analysis of the corresponding metabolite profile in a fasting blood sample may therefore allow for early identification of these subjects at risk for insulin resistance without the need to undergo an OGTT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jarlei Fiamoncini
- Department Food and Nutrition, Technische Universität München, Freising, Germany
- Food Research Center, Department of Food Science and Experimental Nutrition, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Carlos M. Donado-Pestana
- Food Research Center, Department of Food Science and Experimental Nutrition, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Graziela Biude Silva Duarte
- Food Research Center, Department of Food Science and Experimental Nutrition, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Milena Rundle
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Elizabeth Louise Thomas
- Research Centre for Optimal Health, School of Life Sciences, University of Westminster, London, United Kingdom
| | - Yoana Kiselova-Kaneva
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Medicine and Nutrigenomics, Medical University, Varna, Bulgaria
| | | | - Diana Bunzel
- Department of Safety and Quality of Fruit and Vegetables, Federal Research Institute of Nutrition and Food, Max Rubner-Institut, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Jean-Pierre Trezzi
- Braunschweig Integrated Centre of Systems Biology, University of Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
- Department of Computational Biology of Infection Research, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Sabine E. Kulling
- Department of Safety and Quality of Fruit and Vegetables, Federal Research Institute of Nutrition and Food, Max Rubner-Institut, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Karsten Hiller
- Braunschweig Integrated Centre of Systems Biology, University of Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
- Department of Computational Biology of Infection Research, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | | | - Diana Ivanova
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Medicine and Nutrigenomics, Medical University, Varna, Bulgaria
| | - Lorraine Brennan
- UCD School of Agriculture and Food Science, Institute of Food and Health, Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Suzan Wopereis
- Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research, Netherlands Institute for Applied Scientific Research, Microbiology and Systems Biology, Zeist, Netherlands
| | - Ben van Ommen
- Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research, Netherlands Institute for Applied Scientific Research, Microbiology and Systems Biology, Zeist, Netherlands
| | - Gary Frost
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jimmy Bell
- Research Centre for Optimal Health, School of Life Sciences, University of Westminster, London, United Kingdom
| | - Christian A. Drevon
- Vitas Ltd., Oslo Science Park, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Hannelore Daniel
- Department Food and Nutrition, Technische Universität München, Freising, Germany
- *Correspondence: Hannelore Daniel
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Imenshahidi M, Hossenzadeh H. Effects of glycine on metabolic syndrome components: a review. J Endocrinol Invest 2022; 45:927-939. [PMID: 35013990 DOI: 10.1007/s40618-021-01720-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Glycine is the simplest and major amino acid in humans. It is mainly generated in the liver and kidney and is used to produce collagen, creatine, glucose and purine. It is also involved in immune function, anti-inflammatory processes and anti-oxidation reactions. Here, we reviewed the current evidence supporting the role of glycine in the development and treatment of metabolic syndrome components. METHODS We searched Scopus, PubMed and EMBASE databases for papers concerning glycine and metabolic syndrome. RESULTS Available evidence shows that the amount of glycine synthesized in vivo is insufficient to meet metabolic demands in these species. Plasma glycine levels are lower in subjects with metabolic syndrome than in healthy individuals. Interventions such as lifestyle modification, exercise, weight loss, or drugs that improve manifestations of metabolic syndrome remarkably increase circulating glycine concentrations. CONCLUSION Glycine supplementation improves various components of metabolic syndrome including diabetes, obesity, hyperlipidemia and hypertension. In the future, the use of glycine may have a significant clinical impact on the treatment of patients with metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Imenshahidi
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - H Hossenzadeh
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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25
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Collares-Buzato CB, Carvalho CP. Is type 2 diabetes mellitus another intercellular junction-related disorder? Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2022; 247:743-755. [PMID: 35466731 DOI: 10.1177/15353702221090464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) is nowadays a worldwide epidemic and has become a major challenge for health systems around the world. It is a multifactorial disorder, characterized by a chronic state of hyperglycemia caused by defects in the production as well as in the peripheral action of insulin. This minireview highlights the experimental and clinical evidence that supports the novel idea that intercellular junctions (IJs)-mediated cell-cell contacts play a role in the pathogenesis of T2D. It focuses on IJs repercussion for endocrine pancreas, intestinal barrier, and kidney dysfunctions that contribute to the onset and evolution of this metabolic disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla B Collares-Buzato
- Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, CEP 13083-970, Brazil
| | - Carolina Pf Carvalho
- Department of Biosciences, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), Santos, SP, CEP 11015-020, Brazil
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Freitas EDS, Katsanos CS. (Dys)regulation of Protein Metabolism in Skeletal Muscle of Humans With Obesity. Front Physiol 2022; 13:843087. [PMID: 35350688 PMCID: PMC8957804 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.843087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Studies investigating the proteome of skeletal muscle present clear evidence that protein metabolism is altered in muscle of humans with obesity. Moreover, muscle quality (i.e., strength per unit of muscle mass) appears lower in humans with obesity. However, relevant evidence to date describing the protein turnover, a process that determines content and quality of protein, in muscle of humans with obesity is quite inconsistent. This is due, at least in part, to heterogeneity in protein turnover in skeletal muscle of humans with obesity. Although not always evident at the mixed-muscle protein level, the rate of synthesis is generally lower in myofibrillar and mitochondrial proteins in muscle of humans with obesity. Moreover, alterations in the synthesis of protein in muscle of humans with obesity are manifested more readily under conditions that stimulate protein synthesis in muscle, including the fed state, increased plasma amino acid availability to muscle, and exercise. Current evidence supports various biological mechanisms explaining impairments in protein synthesis in muscle of humans with obesity, but this evidence is rather limited and needs to be reproduced under more defined experimental conditions. Expanding our current knowledge with direct measurements of protein breakdown in muscle, and more importantly of protein turnover on a protein by protein basis, will enhance our understanding of how obesity modifies the proteome (content and quality) in muscle of humans with obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Christos S Katsanos
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, United States.,Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic in Arizona, Scottsdale, AZ, United States
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Lee-Ødegård S, Olsen T, Norheim F, Drevon CA, Birkeland KI. Potential Mechanisms for How Long-Term Physical Activity May Reduce Insulin Resistance. Metabolites 2022; 12:metabo12030208. [PMID: 35323652 PMCID: PMC8950317 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12030208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Revised: 02/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Insulin became available for the treatment of patients with diabetes 100 years ago, and soon thereafter it became evident that the biological response to its actions differed markedly between individuals. This prompted extensive research into insulin action and resistance (IR), resulting in the universally agreed fact that IR is a core finding in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). T2DM is the most prevalent form of diabetes, reaching epidemic proportions worldwide. Physical activity (PA) has the potential of improving IR and is, therefore, a cornerstone in the prevention and treatment of T2DM. Whereas most research has focused on the acute effects of PA, less is known about the effects of long-term PA on IR. Here, we describe a model of potential mechanisms behind reduced IR after long-term PA to guide further mechanistic investigations and to tailor PA interventions in the therapy of T2DM. The development of such interventions requires knowledge of normal glucose metabolism, and we briefly summarize an integrated physiological perspective on IR. We then describe the effects of long-term PA on signaling molecules involved in cellular responses to insulin, tissue-specific functions, and whole-body IR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sindre Lee-Ødegård
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, 0372 Oslo, Norway;
| | - Thomas Olsen
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, 0372 Oslo, Norway; (T.O.); (F.N.); (C.A.D.)
| | - Frode Norheim
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, 0372 Oslo, Norway; (T.O.); (F.N.); (C.A.D.)
| | - Christian Andre Drevon
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, 0372 Oslo, Norway; (T.O.); (F.N.); (C.A.D.)
- Vitas Ltd. Analytical Services, Oslo Science Park, 0349 Oslo, Norway
| | - Kåre Inge Birkeland
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, 0372 Oslo, Norway;
- Correspondence:
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28
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Bröer S. Amino acid transporters as modulators of glucose homeostasis. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2022; 33:120-135. [PMID: 34924221 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2021.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2021] [Revised: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Amino acids modulate glucose homeostasis. Cytosolic levels of amino acids are regulated by amino acid transporters, modulating insulin release, protein synthesis, cell proliferation, cell fate, and metabolism. In β-cells, amino acid transporters modulate incretin-stimulated insulin release. In the liver, amino acid transporters provide glutamine and alanine for gluconeogenesis. Intestinal amino acid transporters facilitate the intake of amino acids causing protein restriction when inactive. Adipocyte development is regulated by amino acid transporters through activation of mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTORC1) and amino acid-related metabolites. The accumulation and metabolism of branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) in muscle depends on transporters. The integration between amino acid metabolism and transport is critical for the maintenance and function of tissues and cells involved in glucose homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Bröer
- Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Acton 2601, Australia.
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Pirro V, Roth KD, Lin Y, Willency JA, Milligan PL, Wilson JM, Ruotolo G, Haupt A, Newgard CB, Duffin KL. Effects of Tirzepatide, a Dual GIP and GLP-1 RA, on Lipid and Metabolite Profiles in Subjects With Type 2 Diabetes. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2022; 107:363-378. [PMID: 34608929 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgab722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Tirzepatide substantially reduced hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) and body weight in subjects with type 2 diabetes (T2D) compared with the glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonist dulaglutide. Improved glycemic control was associated with lower circulating triglycerides and lipoprotein markers and improved markers of beta-cell function and insulin resistance (IR), effects only partially attributable to weight loss. OBJECTIVE Assess plasma metabolome changes mediated by tirzepatide. DESIGN Phase 2b trial participants were randomly assigned to receive weekly subcutaneous tirzepatide, dulaglutide, or placebo for 26 weeks. Post hoc exploratory metabolomics and lipidomics analyses were performed. SETTING Post hoc analysis. PARTICIPANTS 259 subjects with T2D. INTERVENTION(S) Tirzepatide (1, 5, 10, 15 mg), dulaglutide (1.5 mg), or placebo. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) Changes in metabolite levels in response to tirzepatide were assessed against baseline levels, dulaglutide, and placebo using multiplicity correction. RESULTS At 26 weeks, a higher dose tirzepatide modulated a cluster of metabolites and lipids associated with IR, obesity, and future T2D risk. Branched-chain amino acids, direct catabolic products glutamate, 3-hydroxyisobutyrate, branched-chain ketoacids, and indirect byproducts such as 2-hydroxybutyrate decreased compared to baseline and placebo. Changes were significantly larger with tirzepatide compared with dulaglutide and directly proportional to reductions of HbA1c, homeostatic model assessment 2-IR indices, and proinsulin levels. Proportional to metabolite changes, triglycerides and diglycerides were lowered significantly compared to baseline, dulaglutide, and placebo, with a bias toward shorter and highly saturated species. CONCLUSIONS Tirzepatide reduces body weight and improves glycemic control and uniquely modulates metabolites associated with T2D risk and metabolic dysregulation in a direction consistent with improved metabolic health.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Yanzhu Lin
- Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Axel Haupt
- Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Christopher B Newgard
- Sarah W. Stedman Nutrition and Metabolism Center, Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology and Department of Medicine, Endocrinology Division, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
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Huffman KM, Parker DC, Bhapkar M, Racette SB, Martin CK, Redman LM, Das SK, Connelly MA, Pieper CF, Orenduff M, Ross LM, Ramaker ME, Dorling JL, Rosen CJ, Shalaurova I, Otvos JD, Kraus VB, Kraus WE. Calorie restriction improves lipid-related emerging cardiometabolic risk factors in healthy adults without obesity: Distinct influences of BMI and sex from CALERIE™ a multicentre, phase 2, randomised controlled trial. EClinicalMedicine 2022; 43:101261. [PMID: 35028547 PMCID: PMC8741476 DOI: 10.1016/j.eclinm.2021.101261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Revised: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND For many cardiovascular risk factors there is no lower limit to which further reduction will result in decreased disease risk; this includes values within ranges considered normal for healthy adults. This seems to be true for new emerging metabolic risk factors identified by innovative technological advances. Further, there seems to be ever evolving evidence of differential responses to lifestyle interventions by sex and body compositions in the normal range. In this secondary analysis, we had the opportunity to test these principles for newly identified molecular biomarkers of cardiometabolic risk in a young (21-50 years), normal weight healthy population undergoing calorie restriction for two years. METHODS The Comprehensive Assessment of Long-term Effects of Reducing Intake of Energy (CALERIE™) was a 24-month, multicenter, randomized controlled trial (May 2007-November 2012) in healthy, adults without obesity to evaluate the potential for calorie restriction (CR) to promote anti-aging adaptations, including those associated with disease risk. 218 participants (age 37.9 ± 7.2 years and body mass index (BMI) 25.1 ± 1.7 kg/m2, mean±SD) were randomized 2:1 to 24 months of CR (prescribed as 25% reduction from baseline calorie intake) versus ad libitum (AL). Fasting plasma from baseline, 12, and 24 months was used for assessments of lipoproteins, metabolites, and inflammatory markers using nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. FINDINGS Averaging 11.9% CR, the CR group had reductions at 12 and 24 months in the cardiovascular disease risk markers, apolipoprotein B and GlycA, and risks for insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes-Lipoprotein Insulin Resistance Index and Diabetes Risk Index (all PCRvsAL ≤0.0009). Insulin resistance and diabetes risk improvements resulted from CR-induced alterations in lipoproteins, specifically reductions in triglyceride-rich lipoprotein particles and low-density lipoprotein particles, a shift to larger high-density lipoprotein particles (more effective cholesterol transporters), and reductions in branched chain amino acids (BCAAs) (all PCRvsAL ≤0.004). These CR responses were more pronounced in overweight than normal weight participants and greater in men than women. INTERPRETATION In normal to slightly overweight adults without overt risk factors or disease, 12 months of ∼12% CR improved newly identified risk markers for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. These markers suggest that CR improves risks by reducing inflammation and BCAAs and shifting lipoproteins from atherogenic to cholesterol transporting. Additionally, these improvements are greater for men and for those with greater BMIs indicating sex and BMI-influences merit attention in future investigations of lifestyle-mediated improvements in disease risk factors. FUNDING The CALERIE™ trial design and implementation were supported by a National Institutes of Health (NIH) U-grant provided to four institutions, the three intervention sites and a coordinating center (U01 AG022132, U01 AG020478, U01 AG020487 U01 AG020480). For this secondary analysis including sample acquisition and processing, data analysis and interpretation, additional funding was provided by the NIH to authors as follows: R01 AG054840 (MO, VBK); R33 AG070455 (KMH, DCP, MB, SBR, CKM, LMR, SKD, CFP, CJR, WEK); P30 DK072476 (CKM, LMR); and U54 GM104940 (CKM, LMR).
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Affiliation(s)
- Kim M. Huffman
- Divisions of Rheumatology and Immunology, Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
- Corresponding author.
| | - Daniel C. Parker
- Geriatrics, Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Manjushri Bhapkar
- Duke Clinical Research Institute, Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Susan B. Racette
- Program in Physical Therapy and Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | | | | | - Sai Krupa Das
- Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Carl F. Pieper
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Melissa Orenduff
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Leanna M. Ross
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Megan E. Ramaker
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - James L. Dorling
- Human Nutrition, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Nursing, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Clifford J Rosen
- Maine Medical Center Research Institute 81 Research Drive Scarborough, Maine 04074 USA
| | - Irina Shalaurova
- Laboratory Corporation of America Holdings (Labcorp), Morrisville, NC, USA
| | - James D. Otvos
- Laboratory Corporation of America Holdings (Labcorp), Morrisville, NC, USA
| | - Virginia B. Kraus
- Divisions of Rheumatology and Immunology, Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - William E. Kraus
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
- Division of Cardiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
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Tan HC, Hsu JW, Tai ES, Chacko S, Wu V, Lee CF, Kovalik JP, Jahoor F. De Novo Glycine Synthesis Is Reduced in Adults With Morbid Obesity and Increases Following Bariatric Surgery. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:900343. [PMID: 35757406 PMCID: PMC9219591 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.900343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glycine is a dietary non-essential amino acid that is low in obesity and increases following bariatric surgery. However, the exact mechanism responsible remains unclear and it is unknown whether hypoglycinemia is a cause or consequence of insulin resistance. OBJECTIVE Using multiple isotopically labeled tracers, we aimed to determine the underlying kinetic changes responsible for hypoglycinemia in obesity by: 1) Comparing glycine kinetics between participants with morbid obesity (BMI ≥ 32.5 kg/m2) to those with healthy weight (BMI < 25 kg/m2), and 2) Comparing glycine kinetic changes in participants with morbid obesity after bariatric surgery. METHODS [1,2-13C2] glycine, [2,3,3-2H3] serine, and [2H5] phenylalanine were infused to compare the glycine kinetic parameters between 21 participants with morbid obesity and 21 controls with healthy weight. Participants with morbid obesity then underwent bariatric surgery and 17 were re-studied 6 months later. Data were analyzed by non-parametric methods and presented as median (interquartile range). RESULTS Compared to controls, participants with morbid obesity had significantly lower plasma glycine concentrations at 163 (153-171) vs. 201 (172-227) µmol/L and significantly reduced de novo glycine synthesis rate at 86.2 (64.5-111) vs.124 (103-159) µmol·kg LBM-1·h1, p < 0.001. Following surgery, body weight and insulin resistance decreased and this was accompanied by significant increases in plasma glycine concentration to 210 (191-243) µmol/L as well as the de novo glycine synthesis rate to 127 (98.3-133) µmol·kg LBM-1·h-1, p < 0.001 vs. baseline. CONCLUSION Hypoglycinemia in participants with morbid obesity was associated with impaired de novo glycine synthesis. The increase in plasma glycine concentration and de novo glycine synthesis plus the marked improvement in insulin resistance after bariatric surgery suggest that hypoglycinemia may be secondary to impaired glycine synthesis because of obesity-induced insulin resistance. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION [https://tinyurl.com/6wfj7yss], identifier [NCT04660513].
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Chang Tan
- Department of Endocrinology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
- *Correspondence: Hong Chang Tan,
| | - Jean W. Hsu
- Children’s Nutrition Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, and Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | - E Shyong Tai
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Shaji Chacko
- Children’s Nutrition Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, and Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Vieon Wu
- Department of Endocrinology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Chun Fan Lee
- Centre of Quantitative Medicine, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jean-Paul Kovalik
- Cardiovascular & Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Farook Jahoor
- Children’s Nutrition Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, and Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
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Mohammadi A, Bijeh N, Moazzami M, Kazem Khodaei, Rahimi N. Effect of Exercise Training on Spexin Level, Appetite, Lipid Accumulation Product, Visceral Adiposity Index, and Body Composition in Adults With Type 2 Diabetes. Biol Res Nurs 2021; 24:152-162. [PMID: 34719994 DOI: 10.1177/10998004211050596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
ObjectiveTo compare the effects of resistance and aerobic training (RT and AT) on spexin (SPX), appetite, lipid accumulation product (LAP), visceral adiposity index (VAI), and body composition in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients. Materials and Methods: Thirty-six T2DM men were randomized to receive RT (n = 12), AT (n = 12), or to act as a non-exercise control (CON, n = 12) 3 days a week for 12 weeks. Results: SPX was increased after both RT and AT (66.2% and 46.5%, respectively). VAI, LAP, and homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) were reduced in both groups, while quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (Quicki) and McAuley's indexes were increased following both interventions. However, the increases of both hunger and PFC in the RT group were greater than those of the AT. Moreover, the improvement of upper-body strength (41% vs. 10.3%) and lower-body strength (42.2% vs. 20.5%) in the RT group was greater than those of the AT. Conclusion: Our investigation shows that regardless of the modes of the regimen, a 12-week exercise intervention with RT and AT can effectively induce a significant improvement in SPX levels, appetite, LAP, VAI, and body composition in adults with T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arash Mohammadi
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Sport Sciences, 48440Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Nahid Bijeh
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Sport Sciences, 48440Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mahtab Moazzami
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Sport Sciences, 48440Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Kazem Khodaei
- Department of Sport Physiology and Corrective Exercise, Faculty of Sport Sciences, 117045Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
| | - Najmeh Rahimi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Vasei Hospital, 56941Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran
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Khoramipour K, Sandbakk Ø, Keshteli AH, Gaeini AA, Wishart DS, Chamari K. Metabolomics in Exercise and Sports: A Systematic Review. Sports Med 2021; 52:547-583. [PMID: 34716906 DOI: 10.1007/s40279-021-01582-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metabolomics is a field of omics science that involves the comprehensive measurement of small metabolites in biological samples. It is increasingly being used to study exercise physiology and exercise-associated metabolism. However, the field of exercise metabolomics has not been extensively reviewed or assessed. OBJECTIVE This review on exercise metabolomics has three aims: (1) to provide an introduction to the general workflow and the different metabolomics technologies used to conduct exercise metabolomics studies; (2) to provide a systematic overview of published exercise metabolomics studies and their findings; and (3) to discuss future perspectives in the field of exercise metabolomics. METHODS We searched electronic databases including Google Scholar, Science Direct, PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and the SpringerLink academic journal database between January 1st 2000 and September 30th 2020. RESULTS Based on our detailed analysis of the field, exercise metabolomics studies fall into five major categories: (1) exercise nutrition metabolism; (2) exercise metabolism; (3) sport metabolism; (4) clinical exercise metabolism; and (5) metabolome comparisons. Exercise metabolism is the most popular category. The most common biological samples used in exercise metabolomics studies are blood and urine. Only a small minority of exercise metabolomics studies employ targeted or quantitative techniques, while most studies used untargeted metabolomics techniques. In addition, mass spectrometry was the most commonly used platform in exercise metabolomics studies, identified in approximately 54% of all published studies. Our data indicate that biomarkers or biomarker panels were identified in 34% of published exercise metabolomics studies. CONCLUSION Overall, there is an increasing trend towards better designed, more clinical, mass spectrometry-based metabolomics studies involving larger numbers of participants/patients and larger numbers of metabolites being identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kayvan Khoramipour
- Physiology Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran. .,Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical Faculty, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Blvd. 22 Bahman, Kerman, Iran.
| | - Øyvind Sandbakk
- Department of Neuromedicine and Movement Science, Centre for Elite Sports Research, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | | | - Abbas Ali Gaeini
- Department of Exercise Physiology, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - David S Wishart
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2E9, Canada.,Department of Computing Science, University of Alberta, AB, T6G 2E9, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Karim Chamari
- ASPETAR, Qatar Orthopaedic and Sports Medicine Hospital, Doha, Qatar
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Cosentino RG, Churilla JR, Josephson S, Molle-Rios Z, Hossain MJ, Prado WL, Balagopal PB. Branched-chain Amino Acids and Relationship With Inflammation in Youth With Obesity: A Randomized Controlled Intervention Study. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2021; 106:3129-3139. [PMID: 34286837 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgab538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Elevated concentrations of branched-chain amino acids (BCAA) are strong predictors of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Their association with cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains uncertain, particularly in youth. OBJECTIVE We investigated the role of BCAA and aromatic amino acids (AAA) in obesity, their relationships with novel biomarkers of CVD, and response to a physical activity-based lifestyle intervention (PAL-I) in a randomized controlled study in youth with normal weight (NW) and obesity (OB). METHODS Age (14-18 years) and Tanner stage (≥IV) matched youth (OB, n = 15 and NW, n = 6) were studied; the 15 participants with OB underwent a 3-month randomized controlled PAL-I. Circulating amino acid profile, glucose, insulin, lipids, adiponectin, retinol binding protein-4, fibrinogen, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, interleukin-6, and 25-hydroxy vitamin-D, along with body composition, were measured at baseline and after PAL-I. Independent t tests, analysis of covariance, and mixed-effect models were used for analysis of the data. RESULTS Compared with NW, the concentration of various amino acids, including BCAA and AAA, were altered in OB (P < 0.05). BCAA and AAA showed baseline correlations with body composition and novel biomarkers of CVD, particularly inflammatory factors (all P < 0.05). The PAL-I produced only negligible effects (P > 0.05) on BCAA and AAA. Glutamine, glycine, and aspartic acid decreased with PAL-I (all P < 0.05). CONCLUSION The novel finding of the BCAA-inflammation relationship, along with strong correlations with nontraditional biomarkers of CVD, may raise the prospect of BCAA as a biomarker of CVD and evoke a potential link between obesity, T2DM, and CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ralph G Cosentino
- Department of Clinical and Applied Movement Sciences, University of North Florida, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA
| | - James R Churilla
- Department of Clinical and Applied Movement Sciences, University of North Florida, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA
| | - Samantha Josephson
- Biomedical Research, Nemours Children's Health System, Jacksonville, FL 32207, USA
| | - Zarela Molle-Rios
- Division of Gastroenterology, Nemours Children's Health System, Wilmington, DE 19802, USA
| | - Md Jobayer Hossain
- Biomedical Research, Nemours Children's Health System, Wilmington, DE 19802, USA
| | - Wagner L Prado
- Department of Kinesiology, California State University, San Bernardino, CA 92407, USA
| | - P Babu Balagopal
- Biomedical Research, Nemours Children's Health System, Jacksonville, FL 32207, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
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Jog R, Chen G, Wang J, Leff T. Hormonal regulation of glycine decarboxylase and its relationship to oxidative stress. Physiol Rep 2021; 9:e14991. [PMID: 34342168 PMCID: PMC8329434 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.14991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
In both humans and rodent models, circulating glycine levels are significantly reduced in obesity, glucose intolerance, type II diabetes, and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. The glycine cleavage system and its rate-limiting enzyme, glycine decarboxylase (GLDC), is a major determinant of plasma glycine levels. The goals of this study were to determine if the increased expression of GLDC contributes to the reduced plasma glycine levels seen in disease states, to characterize the hormonal regulation of GLDC gene expression, and to determine if altered GLDC expression has physiological effects that might affect the development of diabetes. The findings presented here show that hepatic GLDC gene expression is elevated in mouse models of obesity and diabetes, as well as by fasting. We demonstrated that GLDC gene expression is strongly regulated by the metabolic hormones glucagon and insulin, and we identified the signaling pathways involved in this regulation. Finally, we found that GLDC expression is linked to glutathione levels, with increased expression associated with elevated levels of glutathione and reduced expression associated with a suppression of glutathione and increased cellular ROS levels. These findings suggest that the hormonal regulation of GLDC contributes not only to the changes in circulating glycine levels seen in metabolic disease, but also affects glutathione production, possibly as a defense against metabolic disease-associated oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruta Jog
- Department of PathologyCenter for Integrative Endocrine and Metabolic ResearchWayne State University School of MedicineDetroitMIUSA
| | - Guohua Chen
- Department of PathologyCenter for Integrative Endocrine and Metabolic ResearchWayne State University School of MedicineDetroitMIUSA
| | - Jian Wang
- Department of PathologyCenter for Integrative Endocrine and Metabolic ResearchWayne State University School of MedicineDetroitMIUSA
| | - Todd Leff
- Department of PathologyCenter for Integrative Endocrine and Metabolic ResearchWayne State University School of MedicineDetroitMIUSA
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Wang T, Tang L, Lin R, He D, Wu Y, Zhang Y, Yang P, He J. Individual variability in human urinary metabolites identifies age-related, body mass index-related, and sex-related biomarkers. Mol Genet Genomic Med 2021; 9:e1738. [PMID: 34293245 PMCID: PMC8404239 DOI: 10.1002/mgg3.1738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2019] [Revised: 05/05/2019] [Accepted: 05/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Metabolites present in human urine can be influenced by individual physiological parameters (e.g., body mass index [BMI], age, and sex). Observation of altered metabolites concentrations could provide insight into underlying disease pathology, disease prognosis and diagnosis, and facilitate discovery of novel biomarkers. Methods Quantitative metabolomics analysis in the urine of 183 healthy individuals was performed based on high‐resolution liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC–MS). Coefficients of variation were obtained for 109 urine metabolites of all the 183 human healthy subjects. Results Three urine metabolites (such as dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate, acetaminophen glucuronide, and p‐anisic acid) with CV183 > 0.3, for which metabolomics studies have been scarce, are considered highly variable here. We identified 30 age‐related metabolites, 18 BMI‐related metabolites, and 42 sex‐related metabolites. Among the identified metabolites, three metabolites were found to be associated with all three physiological parameters (age, BMI, and sex), which included dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate, 3‐methylcrotonylglycine and N‐acetyl‐aspartic acid. Pearson's coefficients demonstrated that some age‐, BMI‐, and sex‐related compounds are strongly correlated, suggesting that age, BMI, and sex could affect them concomitantly. Conclusion Metabolic differences between distinct physiological statuses were found to be related to several metabolic pathways (such as the caffeine metabolism, the amino acid metabolism, and the carbohydrate metabolism), and these findings may be key for the discovery of new diagnostics and treatments as well as new understandings on the mechanisms of some related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianling Wang
- Materia Medica Development Group, Institute of Medicinal Chemistry, Lanzhou University School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou, China.,Dingxi Campus of Gansu, University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dingxi, China
| | - Lei Tang
- Materia Medica Development Group, Institute of Medicinal Chemistry, Lanzhou University School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou, China
| | - Ruili Lin
- Materia Medica Development Group, Institute of Medicinal Chemistry, Lanzhou University School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou, China
| | - Dian He
- Materia Medica Development Group, Institute of Medicinal Chemistry, Lanzhou University School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou, China.,Gansu Institute for Drug Control, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yanqing Wu
- Materia Medica Development Group, Institute of Medicinal Chemistry, Lanzhou University School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yang Zhang
- Materia Medica Development Group, Institute of Medicinal Chemistry, Lanzhou University School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou, China.,School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Pingrong Yang
- Materia Medica Development Group, Institute of Medicinal Chemistry, Lanzhou University School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou, China.,Gansu Institute for Drug Control, Lanzhou, China
| | - Junquan He
- Materia Medica Development Group, Institute of Medicinal Chemistry, Lanzhou University School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou, China.,Gansu Institute for Drug Control, Lanzhou, China
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Circulating branch chain amino acids and improvement in liver fat content in response to exercise interventions in NAFLD. Sci Rep 2021; 11:13415. [PMID: 34183740 PMCID: PMC8238945 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-92918-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease is likely to be associated with increased circulating branched-chain amino acids. We investigated the relationship between changes in branched-chain amino acids levels in the serum and improvement in liver fat content caused by exercise intervention in individuals with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. The exploratory study included 208 central obesity and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease individuals from an exercise intervention randomized clinical trial for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. The participants were randomly assigned to control, moderate, and vigorous-moderate exercise groups for 12 months. Changes in total branched-chain amino acids, leucine, isoleucine, and valine levels from baseline to 6 months were calculated. Liver fat content was determined by proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Reductions in circulating levels of total branched-chain amino acids, leucine, and valine levels from baseline to 6 months were significantly associated with the improvement of liver fat content at 6 months and 12 months (p < 0.01 for all) after adjustments for age, sex, total energy intake, protein intake, intervention groups, HOMA-IR, BMI, liver fat content, total branched-chain amino acids, leucine, and valine at baseline, respectively. These associations were still significant after further adjustments for changes in HOMA-IR and BMI from baseline to 6 months (p < 0.05 for all). Our findings indicated that reductions in circulating branched-chain amino acids levels were associated with an improvement in liver fat content by exercise intervention among patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, which was independent of changes in BMI or HOMA-IR.
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38
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Tobias DK, Chai B, Tamimi RM, Manson JE, Hu FB, Willett WC, Eliassen AH. Dietary Intake of Branched Chain Amino Acids and Breast Cancer Risk in the NHS and NHS II Prospective Cohorts. JNCI Cancer Spectr 2021; 5:pkab032. [PMID: 34632269 PMCID: PMC8494188 DOI: 10.1093/jncics/pkab032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Revised: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Branched chain amino acids (BCAAs) are essential amino acids common throughout the US diet. Although circulating BCAAs have been implicated in insulin resistance and some obesity-related cancers, the relationship between dietary intake of BCAAs and incident breast cancer is unknown. We sought to evaluate the association between long-term dietary intakes of BCAAs and invasive breast cancer risk. Methods Our analyses included 196 161 women from the Nurses' Health Study and Nurses' Health Study II longitudinal cohorts. Average intakes of total and individual BCAAs (isoleucine, leucine, valine) were estimated from repeated diet questionnaires and incident self-reported breast cancer cases were confirmed via medical record review. Cox proportional hazards models, adjusted for reproductive history, lifestyle, body mass index, and other breast cancer risk factors, were used to estimate hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals. Results We observed 10 046 incident cases of breast cancer over a median of 20.8 years of follow-up. No associations between dietary intakes of total or individual BCAAs with breast cancer risk were observed. Compared with women in the bottom quintile of BCAA intake, the hazard ratio of breast cancer for those in the top quintile was 1.05 (95% confidence interval = 0.98 to 1.12; 2-sided P trend = .20). Findings were consistent across molecular subtypes and according to type 2 diabetes diagnosis and body mass index categories. Conclusions Dietary intakes of BCAAs are not likely a risk factor for breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deirdre K Tobias
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Department of
Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical
School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of
Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Boyang Chai
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of
Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA,
USA
| | - Rulla M Tamimi
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of
Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA,
USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School
of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - JoAnn E Manson
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Department of
Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical
School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School
of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Frank B Hu
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of
Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of
Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA,
USA
| | - Walter C Willett
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of
Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of
Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA,
USA
| | - A Heather Eliassen
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of
Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA,
USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School
of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
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Hoozemans J, de Brauw M, Nieuwdorp M, Gerdes V. Gut Microbiome and Metabolites in Patients with NAFLD and after Bariatric Surgery: A Comprehensive Review. Metabolites 2021; 11:353. [PMID: 34072995 PMCID: PMC8227414 DOI: 10.3390/metabo11060353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Revised: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is increasing, as are other manifestations of metabolic syndrome such as obesity and type 2 diabetes. NAFLD is currently the number one cause of chronic liver disease worldwide. The pathophysiology of NAFLD and disease progression is poorly understood. A potential contributing role for gut microbiome and metabolites in NAFLD is proposed. Currently, bariatric surgery is an effective therapy to prevent the progression of NAFLD and other manifestations of metabolic syndrome such as obesity and type 2 diabetes. This review provides an overview of gut microbiome composition and related metabolites in individuals with NAFLD and after bariatric surgery. Causality remains to be proven. Furthermore, the clinical effects of bariatric surgery on NAFLD are illustrated. Whether the gut microbiome and metabolites contribute to the metabolic improvement and improvement of NAFLD seen after bariatric surgery has not yet been proven. Future microbiome and metabolome research is necessary for elucidating the pathophysiology and underlying metabolic pathways and phenotypes and providing better methods for diagnostics, prognostics and surveillance to optimize clinical care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline Hoozemans
- Department of Internal and Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, AMC, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (M.N.); (V.G.)
- Department of Bariatric and General Surgery, Spaarne Hospital, 2134 TM Hoofddorp, The Netherlands;
| | - Maurits de Brauw
- Department of Bariatric and General Surgery, Spaarne Hospital, 2134 TM Hoofddorp, The Netherlands;
| | - Max Nieuwdorp
- Department of Internal and Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, AMC, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (M.N.); (V.G.)
| | - Victor Gerdes
- Department of Internal and Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, AMC, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (M.N.); (V.G.)
- Department of Internal Medicine, Spaarne Hospital, 2134 TM Hoofddorp, The Netherlands
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40
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The effect of physical activity level and exercise training on the association between plasma branched-chain amino acids and intrahepatic lipid content in participants with obesity. Int J Obes (Lond) 2021; 45:1510-1520. [PMID: 33935282 PMCID: PMC8236400 DOI: 10.1038/s41366-021-00815-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Revised: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Aims To evaluate whether the association between plasma branched-chain amino acids (BCAA) and intrahepatic lipid (IHL) was affected by physical activity level. Furthermore, to investigate if a conventional exercise training program, a subcategory of physical activity, could lower plasma BCAA along with alterations in IHL content in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) and people with nonalcoholic fatty liver (NAFL). Methods To investigate the effect of physical activity on the association between plasma BCAA and IHL content, linear regression analyses were performed in 1983 individuals from the Netherlands Epidemiology of Obesity (NEO) stratified by physical activity frequency. Furthermore, the effect of a 12-week supervised combined aerobic resistance-exercise program on plasma BCAA, insulin sensitivity (hyperinsulinemic–euglycemic clamp), and IHL (proton-magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS)) was investigated in seven patients with T2DM, seven individuals with NAFL and seven BMI-matched control participants (CON). Results We observed positive associations between plasma valine, isoleucine and leucine level, and IHL content (1.29 (95% CI: 1.21, 1.38), 1.52 (95% CI: 1.43, 1.61), and 1.54 (95% CI: 1.44, 1.64) times IHL, respectively, per standard deviation of plasma amino acid level). Similar associations were observed in less active versus more active individuals. Exercise training did not change plasma BCAA levels among groups, but reduced IHL content in NAFL (from 11.6 ± 3.0% pre-exercise to 8.1 ± 2.0% post exercise, p < 0.05) and CON (from 2.4 ± 0.6% pre-exercise to 1.6 ± 1.4% post exercise, p < 0.05), and improved peripheral insulin sensitivity in NAFL as well by ~23% (p < 0.05). Conclusions The association between plasma BCAA levels and IHL is not affected by physical activity level. Exercise training reduced IHL without affecting plasma BCAA levels in individuals with NAFL and CON. We conclude that exercise training-induced reduction in IHL content is not related to changes in plasma BCAA levels. Trial registration Trial registry number: NCT01317576.
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Matsumoto S, Nakamura T, Nagamatsu F, Kido J, Sakamoto R, Nakamura K. Metabolic and biological changes in children with obesity and diabetes. World J Meta-Anal 2021; 9:153-163. [DOI: 10.13105/wjma.v9.i2.153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Revised: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The World Health Organization has stated that obesity in childhood is one of the most serious public health challenges of the 21st century. Overweightness and obesity in early childhood lead to a higher risk of overweightness and obesity in adulthood, thus conferring an increased risk of chronic inflammatory conditions, including type 2 diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular diseases, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, and some cancers. Therefore, metabolome analysis, targeted at screening and intervening in childhood obesity, is very important. Recent studies have indicated that amino acid and lipid metabolism could influence metabolic pathways in children with obesity. For this review, we searched clinical data addressing metabolomic profiles and insulin resistance (IR) in children with obesity from inception to February 2021 in Medline, Web of Science, and Scopus. According to our search, branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs), aromatic amino acids, and acylcarnitines have reportedly been associated with IR as biomarkers for diabetes in children. BCAAs, tyrosine, and phenylalanine could be predictors of the future development of diabetes in nondiabetic subjects. In addition, it is well known that insulin regulates BCAA metabolism, and BCAA is a biomarker for IR. To interpret the mechanism behind metabolic changes in obesity, it is very important to understand the pathways and combinations related with amino acid, lipid and glucose metabolism. In this review, we summarize studies on metabolic changes to understand metabolomics in children with obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shirou Matsumoto
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan
| | - Tomomi Nakamura
- Department of Perinatal Care Unit, Kumamoto University Hospital, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan
| | - Fusa Nagamatsu
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan
| | - Jun Kido
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan
| | - Rieko Sakamoto
- Department of Perinatal Care Unit, Kumamoto University Hospital, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan
| | - Kimotoshi Nakamura
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan
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Ding C, Egli L, Bosco N, Sun L, Goh HJ, Yeo KK, Yap JJL, Actis-Goretta L, Leow MKS, Magkos F. Plasma Branched-Chain Amino Acids Are Associated With Greater Fasting and Postprandial Insulin Secretion in Non-diabetic Chinese Adults. Front Nutr 2021; 8:664939. [PMID: 33996878 PMCID: PMC8113402 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.664939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Plasma branched-chain amino acids (BCAA) are consistently elevated in subjects with obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2DM) and correlate with insulin resistance. The association of BCAA with insulin secretion and clearance rates has not been adequately described. Objective: To evaluate the relationships between fasting and postprandial plasma BCAA, insulin secretion and insulin clearance. Design: Ninety-five non-diabetic Chinese subjects (43 females) underwent a mixed-meal tolerance test; blood biomarkers including BCAAs (leucine, isoleucine, valine) were measured for 6 h. Fasting and postprandial insulin secretion rates (ISR) and insulin clearance were determined by oral minimal modeling of glucose and C-peptide. Results: Fasting and postprandial plasma BCAA correlated strongly with each other (ρ = 0.796, P < 0.001), and both were positively associated with basal ISR (ρ = 0.45/0.36, P < 0.001), total postprandial ISR AUC (ρ = 0.37/0.45, P < 0.001), and negatively with insulin clearance (ρ = -0.29/-0.29, P < 0.01), after adjusting for sex and body mass index. These relationships largely persisted after adjusting further for insulin resistance and postprandial glucose. Compared with subjects in the middle and lowest tertiles for fasting or postprandial plasma BCAA, subjects in the highest tertile had significantly greater postprandial glucose (by 7-10%) and insulin (by 74-98%) concentrations, basal ISRs (by 34-53%), postprandial ISR AUCs (by 41-49%), and lower insulin clearance rates (by 17-22%) (all P < 0.05). Conclusions: Fasting and postprandial plasma BCAA levels are associated with greater fasting and postprandial insulin secretion and reduced insulin clearance in healthy Chinese subjects. These observations potentially highlight an additional layer of involvement of BCAA in the regulation of glucose homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Leonie Egli
- Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences, Nestlé Research, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Nabil Bosco
- Nestlé Research, Singapore, Singapore
- Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences, Nestlé Research, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Lijuan Sun
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Hui Jen Goh
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Khung Keong Yeo
- Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
- National Heart Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jonathan Jiunn Liang Yap
- National Heart Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Melvin Khee-Shing Leow
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Singapore, Singapore
- Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Endocrinology, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Faidon Magkos
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise & Sports, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
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Matsumoto S, Nakamura T, Nagamatsu F, Kido J, Sakamoto R, Nakamura K. Metabolic and biological changes in children with obesity and diabetes. World J Meta-Anal 2021. [DOI: 10.13105/wjma.v9.i2.152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
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44
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Jachthuber Trub C, Balikcioglu M, Freemark M, Bain J, Muehlbauer M, Ilkayeva O, White PJ, Armstrong S, Østbye T, Grambow S, Gumus Balikcioglu P. Impact of lifestyle Intervention on branched-chain amino acid catabolism and insulin sensitivity in adolescents with obesity. ENDOCRINOLOGY DIABETES & METABOLISM 2021; 4:e00250. [PMID: 34277974 PMCID: PMC8279626 DOI: 10.1002/edm2.250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Insulin resistance in adolescents with obesity associates with a sex‐dependent metabolic ‘signature’ comprising branched‐chain amino acids (BCAAs), glutamate and C3/C5 acylcarnitines (C3/C5), implicating altered flux through BCAA catabolic pathways. Here, we investigated the effects of lifestyle intervention on BCAA catabolism and insulin sensitivity. We hypothesized (1) weight reduction and improved insulin sensitivity associate with enhanced BCAA catabolism; (2) baseline BCAAs and their metabolic by‐products predict changes in weight and insulin sensitivity during lifestyle intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Michael Freemark
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes and the Duke Molecular Physiology Institute Duke University Medical Center Durham NC USA
| | - James Bain
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute Duke Molecular Physiology Institute Duke University Medical Center Durham NC USA
| | - Michael Muehlbauer
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute Duke Molecular Physiology Institute Duke University Medical Center Durham NC USA
| | - Olga Ilkayeva
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute Duke Molecular Physiology Institute Duke University Medical Center Durham NC USA
| | - Phillip J White
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute Duke Molecular Physiology Institute Duke University Medical Center Durham NC USA
| | - Sarah Armstrong
- Division of General Pediatrics Duke University Medical Center Durham NC USA.,Department of Family Medicine and Community Health Duke University Medical Center Durham NC USA.,Department of Population Health Sciences Duke University Medical Center Durham NC USA.,Duke Clinical Research Institute Duke University Medical Center Durham NC USA
| | - Truls Østbye
- Department of Family Medicine and Community Health Duke University Medical Center Durham NC USA
| | - Steven Grambow
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics Duke University Medical Center Durham NC USA
| | - Pinar Gumus Balikcioglu
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes and the Duke Molecular Physiology Institute Duke University Medical Center Durham NC USA
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Vanweert F, de Ligt M, Hoeks J, Hesselink MKC, Schrauwen P, Phielix E. Elevated Plasma Branched-Chain Amino Acid Levels Correlate With Type 2 Diabetes-Related Metabolic Disturbances. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2021; 106:e1827-e1836. [PMID: 33079174 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgaa751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) have elevated plasma branched-chain amino acid (BCAA) levels. The underlying cause, however, is not known. Low mitochondrial oxidation of BCAA levels could contribute to higher plasma BCAA levels. OBJECTIVE We aimed to investigate ex vivo muscle mitochondrial oxidative capacity and in vivo BCAA oxidation measured by whole-body leucine oxidation rates in patients with T2DM, first-degree relatives (FDRs), and control participants (CONs) with overweight or obesity. DESIGN AND SETTING An observational, community-based study was conducted. PARTICIPANTS Fifteen patients with T2DM, 13 FDR, and 17 CONs were included (age, 40-70 years; body mass index, 27-35 kg/m2). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES High-resolution respirometry was used to examine ex vivo mitochondrial oxidative capacity in permeabilized muscle fibers. A subgroup of 5 T2DM patients and 5 CONs underwent hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamps combined with 1-13C leucine-infusion to determine whole-body leucine oxidation. RESULTS Total BCAA levels were higher in patients with T2DM compared to CONs, but not in FDRs, and correlated negatively with muscle mitochondrial oxidative capacity (r = -0.44, P < .001). Consistently, whole-body leucine oxidation rate was lower in patients with T2DM vs CON under basal conditions (0.202 ± 0.049 vs 0.275 ± 0.043 μmol kg-1 min-1, P < .05) and tended to be lower during high insulin infusion (0.326 ± 0.024 vs 0.382 ± 0.013 μmol kg-1 min-1, P = .075). CONCLUSIONS In patients with T2DM, a compromised whole-body leucine oxidation rate supports our hypothesis that higher plasma BCAA levels may originate at least partly from a low mitochondrial oxidative capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Froukje Vanweert
- Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, Maastricht University and Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands
- NUTRIM, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University and Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Marlies de Ligt
- Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, Maastricht University and Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands
- NUTRIM, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University and Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Joris Hoeks
- Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, Maastricht University and Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands
- NUTRIM, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University and Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Matthijs K C Hesselink
- Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, Maastricht University and Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands
- NUTRIM, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University and Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Patrick Schrauwen
- Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, Maastricht University and Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands
- NUTRIM, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University and Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Esther Phielix
- Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, Maastricht University and Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands
- NUTRIM, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University and Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands
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Lee S, Gulseth HL, Langleite TM, Norheim F, Olsen T, Refsum H, Jensen J, Birkeland KI, Drevon CA. Branched-chain amino acid metabolism, insulin sensitivity and liver fat response to exercise training in sedentary dysglycaemic and normoglycaemic men. Diabetologia 2021; 64:410-423. [PMID: 33123769 PMCID: PMC7801320 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-020-05296-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Obesity and insulin resistance may be associated with elevated plasma concentration of branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) and impaired BCAA metabolism. However, it is unknown whether the insulin-sensitising effect of long-term exercise can be explained by concomitant change in BCAAs and their metabolism. METHODS We included 26 sedentary overweight and normal-weight middle-aged men from the MyoGlu clinical trial, with or without dysglycaemia, for 12 weeks of supervised intensive exercise intervention, including two endurance and two resistance sessions weekly. Insulin sensitivity was measured as the glucose infusion rate (GIR) from a hyperinsulinaemic-euglycaemic clamp. In addition, maximum oxygen uptake, upper and lower body strength and adipose tissue depots (using MRI and spectroscopy) were measured, and subcutaneous white adipose tissue (ScWAT) and skeletal muscle (SkM) biopsies were harvested both before and after the 12 week intervention. In the present study we have measured plasma BCAAs and related metabolites using CG-MS/MS and HPLC-MS/MS, and performed global mRNA-sequencing pathway analysis on ScWAT and SkM. RESULTS In MyoGlu, men with dysglycaemia displayed lower GIR, more fat mass and higher liver fat content than normoglycaemic men at baseline, and 12 weeks of exercise increased GIR, improved body composition and reduced liver fat content similarly for both groups. In our current study we observed higher plasma concentrations of BCAAs (14.4%, p = 0.01) and related metabolites, such as 3-hydroxyisobutyrate (19.4%, p = 0.034) in dysglycaemic vs normoglycaemic men at baseline. Baseline plasma BCAA levels correlated negatively to the change in GIR (ρ = -0.41, p = 0.037) and [Formula: see text] (ρ = -0.47, p = 0.015) after 12 weeks of exercise and positively to amounts of intraperitoneal fat (ρ = 0.40, p = 0.044) and liver fat (ρ = 0.58, p = 0.01). However, circulating BCAAs and related metabolites did not respond to 12 weeks of exercise, with the exception of isoleucine, which increased in normoglycaemic men (10 μmol/l, p = 0.01). Pathway analyses of mRNA-sequencing data implied reduced BCAA catabolism in both SkM and ScWAT in men with dysglycaemia compared with men with normoglycaemia at baseline. Gene expression levels related to BCAA metabolism correlated positively with GIR and markers of mitochondrial content in both SkM and ScWAT, and negatively with fat mass generally, and particularly with intraperitoneal fat mass. mRNA-sequencing pathway analysis also implied increased BCAA metabolism after 12 weeks of exercise in both groups and in both tissues, including enhanced expression of the gene encoding branched-chain α-ketoacid dehydrogenase (BCKDH) and reduced expression of the BCKDH phosphatase in both groups and tissues. Gene expression of SLC25A44, which encodes a mitochondrial BCAA transporter, was increased in SkM in both groups, and gene expression of BCKDK, which encodes BCKDH kinase, was reduced in ScWAT in dysglycaemic men. Mediation analyses indicated a pronounced effect of enhanced SkM (~53%, p = 0.022), and a moderate effect of enhanced ScWAT (~18%, p = 0.018) BCAA metabolism on improved insulin sensitivity after 12 weeks of exercise, based on mRNA sequencing. In comparison, plasma concentration of BCAAs did not mediate any effect in this regard. CONCLUSION/INTERPRETATION Plasma BCAA concentration was largely unresponsive to long-term exercise and unrelated to exercise-induced insulin sensitivity. On the other hand, the insulin-sensitising effect of long-term exercise in men may be explained by enhanced SkM and, to a lesser degree, also by enhanced ScWAT BCAA catabolism. Graphical abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sindre Lee
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
- Department of Transplantation Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Hanne L Gulseth
- Department of Chronic Diseases and Ageing, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Torgrim M Langleite
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Frode Norheim
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Thomas Olsen
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Helga Refsum
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Kåre I Birkeland
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Transplantation Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Christian A Drevon
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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47
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Tan HC, Hsu JW, Kovalik JP, Eng A, Chan WH, Khoo CM, Tai ES, Chacko S, Jahoor F. Branched-Chain Amino Acid Oxidation Is Elevated in Adults with Morbid Obesity and Decreases Significantly after Sleeve Gastrectomy. J Nutr 2020; 150:3180-3189. [PMID: 33097955 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxaa298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2020] [Revised: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Plasma concentrations of branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) are elevated in obese individuals with insulin resistance (IR) and decrease after bariatric surgery. However, the metabolic mechanisms are unclear. OBJECTIVES Our objectives are to compare leucine kinetics between morbidly obese and healthy-weight individuals cross-sectionally, and to prospectively evaluate changes in the morbidly obese after sleeve gastrectomy. We hypothesized that leucine oxidation is slower in obese individuals and increases after surgery. METHODS Ten morbidly obese [BMI (in kg/m2) ≥32.5, age 21-50 y] and 10 healthy-weight participants (BMI <25), matched for age (median ∼30 y) but not gender, were infused with [U-13C6] leucine and [2H5] glycerol to quantify leucine and glycerol kinetics. Morbidly obese participants were studied again 6 mo postsurgery. Primary outcomes were kinetic parameters related to BCAA metabolism. Data were analyzed by nonparametric methods and presented as median (IQR). RESULTS Participants with obesity had IR with an HOMA-IR (4.89; 4.36-8.76) greater than that of healthy-weight participants (1.32; 0.99-1.49; P < 0.001) and had significantly faster leucine flux [218; 196-259 compared with 145; 138-149 μmol · kg fat-free mass (FFM)-1 · h-1], oxidation (24.0; 17.9-29.8 compared with 16.1; 14.3-18.5 μmol · kg FFM-1 · h-1), and nonoxidative disposal (204; 190-247 compared with 138; 129-140 μmol · kg FFM-1 · h-1) (P < 0.017 for all). After surgery, the morbidly obese had a marked improvement in IR (3.54; 3.06-6.08; P = 0.008) and significant reductions in BCAA concentrations (113; 95-157 μmol/L) and leucine oxidation (9.37; 6.85-15.2 μmol · kg FFM-1 · h-1) (P = 0.017 for both). Further, leucine flux in this group correlated significantly with IR (r = 0.78, P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS BCAA oxidation is not impaired but elevated in individuals with morbid obesity. Plasma BCAA concentrations are lowered after surgery owing to slower breakdown of body proteins as insulin's ability to suppress proteolysis is restored. These findings suggest that IR is the underlying cause and not the consequence of elevated BCAAs in obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Chang Tan
- Department of Endocrinology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore
| | - Jean W Hsu
- USDA/Agricultural Research Service Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jean-Paul Kovalik
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
| | - Alvin Eng
- Department of Upper GI and Bariatric Surgery, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore
| | - Weng Hoong Chan
- Department of Upper GI and Bariatric Surgery, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore
| | - Chin Meng Khoo
- Department of Medicine, National University Health System, Singapore
| | - E Shyong Tai
- Department of Medicine, National University Health System, Singapore
| | - Shaji Chacko
- USDA/Agricultural Research Service Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Farook Jahoor
- USDA/Agricultural Research Service Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
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48
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White PJ, Lapworth AL, McGarrah RW, Kwee LC, Crown SB, Ilkayeva O, An J, Carson MW, Christopher BA, Ball JR, Davies MN, Kjalarsdottir L, George T, Muehlbauer MJ, Bain JR, Stevens RD, Koves TR, Muoio DM, Brozinick JT, Gimeno RE, Brosnan MJ, Rolph TP, Kraus WE, Shah SH, Newgard CB. Muscle-Liver Trafficking of BCAA-Derived Nitrogen Underlies Obesity-Related Glycine Depletion. Cell Rep 2020; 33:108375. [PMID: 33176135 PMCID: PMC8493998 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.108375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2017] [Revised: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Glycine levels are inversely associated with branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) and cardiometabolic disease phenotypes, but biochemical mechanisms that explain these relationships remain uncharted. Metabolites and genes related to BCAA metabolism and nitrogen handling were strongly associated with glycine in correlation analyses. Stable isotope labeling in Zucker fatty rats (ZFRs) shows that glycine acts as a carbon donor for the pyruvate-alanine cycle in a BCAA-regulated manner. Inhibition of the BCAA transaminase (BCAT) enzymes depletes plasma pools of alanine and raises glycine levels. In high-fat-fed ZFRs, dietary glycine supplementation raises urinary acyl-glycine content and lowers circulating triglycerides but also results in accumulation of long-chain acyl-coenzyme As (acyl-CoAs), lower 5' adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) phosphorylation in muscle, and no improvement in glucose tolerance. Collectively, these studies frame a mechanism for explaining obesity-related glycine depletion and also provide insight into the impact of glycine supplementation on systemic glucose, lipid, and amino acid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phillip J White
- Sarah W. Stedman Nutrition and Metabolism Center, Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA; Departments of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA; Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | | | - Robert W McGarrah
- Sarah W. Stedman Nutrition and Metabolism Center, Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA; Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Lydia Coulter Kwee
- Sarah W. Stedman Nutrition and Metabolism Center, Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Scott B Crown
- Sarah W. Stedman Nutrition and Metabolism Center, Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Olga Ilkayeva
- Sarah W. Stedman Nutrition and Metabolism Center, Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA; Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Jie An
- Sarah W. Stedman Nutrition and Metabolism Center, Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Matthew W Carson
- Diabetes Therapeutic Area, Lilly Research Laboratories, a Division of Eli Lilly and Company, Lilly Corporate Center, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Bridgette A Christopher
- Sarah W. Stedman Nutrition and Metabolism Center, Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA; Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - James R Ball
- Sarah W. Stedman Nutrition and Metabolism Center, Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Michael N Davies
- Sarah W. Stedman Nutrition and Metabolism Center, Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Lilja Kjalarsdottir
- Sarah W. Stedman Nutrition and Metabolism Center, Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Tabitha George
- Sarah W. Stedman Nutrition and Metabolism Center, Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Michael J Muehlbauer
- Sarah W. Stedman Nutrition and Metabolism Center, Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - James R Bain
- Sarah W. Stedman Nutrition and Metabolism Center, Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA; Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Robert D Stevens
- Sarah W. Stedman Nutrition and Metabolism Center, Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA; Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Timothy R Koves
- Sarah W. Stedman Nutrition and Metabolism Center, Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA; Division of Geriatrics, Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Deborah M Muoio
- Sarah W. Stedman Nutrition and Metabolism Center, Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA; Departments of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA; Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Joseph T Brozinick
- Diabetes Therapeutic Area, Lilly Research Laboratories, a Division of Eli Lilly and Company, Lilly Corporate Center, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Ruth E Gimeno
- Diabetes Therapeutic Area, Lilly Research Laboratories, a Division of Eli Lilly and Company, Lilly Corporate Center, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - M Julia Brosnan
- CV and Metabolic Diseases Research Unit, Pfizer, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Timothy P Rolph
- CV and Metabolic Diseases Research Unit, Pfizer, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - William E Kraus
- Sarah W. Stedman Nutrition and Metabolism Center, Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA; Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Svati H Shah
- Sarah W. Stedman Nutrition and Metabolism Center, Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA; Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Christopher B Newgard
- Sarah W. Stedman Nutrition and Metabolism Center, Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA; Departments of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA; Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA.
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49
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Rasooli SA, Fathi R, Golzar FAK, Baghersalimi M. The effect of circuit resistance training on plasma levels of amino acids, alpha-hydroxybutyrate, mannose, and urinary levels of glycine conjugated adducts in obese adolescent boys. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2020; 46:561-570. [PMID: 33151749 DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2020-0171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Few studies have examined the improving effects of exercise on the association between metabolites of impaired protein metabolism and insulin resistance in obese children. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the effect of circuit resistance training (CRT) on plasma levels of amino acids, alpha-hydroxybutyrate (α-HB), mannose, and urinary levels of glycine conjugated adducts in obese adolescent boys. Forty obese adolescent boys (body mass index above the 95th percentile) with an age range of 14-17 years were randomly divided into the CRT group (n = 20) and control group (n = 20). The CRT program (3 times/week, 70%-80% of 1-repetition maximum) was performed for 8 weeks. The results indicated that the body composition and plasma levels of glucose, insulin resistance, valine, mannose, lysine, and the sum of branched-chain amino acids (BCAA) were decreased because of CRT. The plasma levels of asparagine, glycine, serine, and urinary levels of glycine conjugated adduct also increased in the CRT group. Although α-HB level decreased during CRT, it had no significant difference from that of the control group. It can be concluded that the improvement in obesity complications including insulin resistance in obese adolescent boys after CRT may be due to decrease in plasma levels of mannose and BCAA and increase urinary metabolites. Novelty: CRT improves glucose metabolism and insulin resistance in obese adolescent boys. CRT decreases plasma levels of mannose and BCAA and normalizes other amino acids. CRT increases urinary levels of glycine conjugated adducts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Ali Rasooli
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Mazandaran, Babolsar, Mazandaran, Iran.,Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Mazandaran, Babolsar, Mazandaran, Iran
| | - Rozita Fathi
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Mazandaran, Babolsar, Mazandaran, Iran.,Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Mazandaran, Babolsar, Mazandaran, Iran
| | - Farhad Ahmadi-Kani Golzar
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Mazandaran, Babolsar, Mazandaran, Iran.,Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Mazandaran, Babolsar, Mazandaran, Iran
| | - Masoumeh Baghersalimi
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Mazandaran, Babolsar, Mazandaran, Iran.,Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Mazandaran, Babolsar, Mazandaran, Iran
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50
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Short-term variability of the human serum metabolome depending on nutritional and metabolic health status. Sci Rep 2020; 10:16310. [PMID: 33004816 PMCID: PMC7530737 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-72914-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The intra-individual variability of the human serum metabolome over a period of 4 weeks and its dependence on metabolic health and nutritional status was investigated in a single-center study under tightly controlled conditions in healthy controls, pre-diabetic individuals and patients with type-2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM, n = 10 each). Untargeted metabolomics in serum samples taken at three different days after overnight fasts and following intake of a standardized mixed meal showed that the human serum metabolome is remarkably stable: The median intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC) across all metabolites and all study participants was determined as 0.65. ICCs were similar for the three different health groups, before and after meal intake, and for different metabolic pathways. Only 147 out of 1438 metabolites (10%) had an ICC below 0.4 indicating poor stability over time. In addition, we confirmed previously identified metabolic signatures differentiating healthy, pre-diabetic and diabetic individuals. To our knowledge, this is the most comprehensive study investigating the temporal variability of the human serum metabolome under such tightly controlled conditions.
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