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Chen XQ, Becker A, Albay R, Nguyen PD, Karachentsev D, Roberts AJ, Rynearson KD, Tanzi RE, Mobley WC. γ-Secretase Modulator BPN15606 Reduced Aβ42 and Aβ40 and Countered Alzheimer-Related Pathologies in a Mouse Model of Down Syndrome. Ann Neurol 2024; 96:390-404. [PMID: 38747498 PMCID: PMC11236496 DOI: 10.1002/ana.26958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Due to increased gene dose for the amyloid precursor protein (APP), elderly adults with Down syndrome (DS) are at a markedly increased risk of Alzheimer's disease (AD), known as DS-AD. How the increased APP gene dose acts and which APP products are responsible for DS-AD is not well understood, thus limiting strategies to target pathogenesis. As one approach to address this question, we used a novel class of γ-secretase modulators that promote γ-site cleavages by the γ-secretase complex, resulting in lower levels of the Aβ42 and Aβ40 peptides. METHODS Ts65Dn mice, which serve as a model of DS, were treated via oral gavage with 10 mg/kg/weekday of BPN15606 (a potent and novel pyridazine-containing γ-secretase modulators). Treatment started at 3 months-of-age and lasted for 4 months. RESULTS Demonstrating successful target engagement, treatment with BPN15606 significantly decreased levels of Aβ40 and Aβ42 in the cortex and hippocampus; it had no effect on full-length APP or its C-terminal fragments in either 2 N or Ts65Dn mice. Importantly, the levels of total amyloid-β were not impacted, pointing to BPN15606-mediated enhancement of processivity of γ-secretase. Additionally, BPN15606 rescued hyperactivation of Rab5, a protein responsible for regulating endosome function, and normalized neurotrophin signaling deficits. BPN15606 treatment also normalized the levels of synaptic proteins and tau phosphorylation, while reducing astrocytosis and microgliosis, and countering cognitive deficits. INTERPRETATION Our findings point to the involvement of increased levels of Aβ42 and/or Aβ40 in contributing to several molecular and cognitive traits associated with DS-AD. They speak to increased dosage of the APP gene acting through heightened levels of Aβ42 and/or Aβ40 as supporting pathogenesis. These findings further the interest in the potential use of γ-secretase modulators for treating and possibly preventing AD in individuals with DS. ANN NEUROL 2024;96:390-404.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu-Qiao Chen
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Ann Becker
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Ricardo Albay
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Phuong D Nguyen
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Dmitry Karachentsev
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Amanda J Roberts
- Animal Models Core Facility, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Kevin D Rynearson
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Rudolph E Tanzi
- Genetics and Aging Research Unit, McCance Center for Brain Health, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - William C Mobley
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
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Canonica T, Kidd EJ, Gibbins D, Lana-Elola E, Fisher EMC, Tybulewicz VLJ, Good M. Dissecting the contribution of human chromosome 21 syntenic regions to recognition memory processes in adult and aged mouse models of Down syndrome. Front Behav Neurosci 2024; 18:1428146. [PMID: 39050700 PMCID: PMC11266108 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2024.1428146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Trisomy of human chromosome 21 (Hsa21) results in a constellation of features known as Down syndrome (DS), the most common genetic form of intellectual disability. Hsa21 is orthologous to three regions in the mouse genome on mouse chromosome 16 (Mmu16), Mmu17 and Mmu10. We investigated genotype-phenotype relationships by assessing the contribution of these three regions to memory function and age-dependent cognitive decline, using three mouse models of DS, Dp1Tyb, Dp(17)3Yey, Dp(10)2Yey, that carry an extra copy of the Hsa21-orthologues on Mmu16, Mmu17 and Mmu10, respectively. Hypothesis Prior research on cognitive function in DS mouse models has largely focused on models with an extra copy of the Mmu16 region and relatively little is known about the effects of increased copy number on Mmu17 and Mmu10 on cognition and how this interacts with the effects of aging. As aging is is a critical contributor to cognitive and psychiatric changes in DS, we hypothesised that ageing would differentially impact memory function in Dp1Tyb, Dp(17)3Yey, and Dp(10)2Yey, models of DS. Methods Young (12-13 months and old (18-20 months mice Dp1Tyb, Dp(17)3Yey and Dp(10)2Yey mice were tested on a battery of object recognition memory test that assessed object novelty detection, novel location detection and associative object-in place memory. Following behavioral testing, hippocampal and frontal cortical tissue was analysed for expression of glutamatergic receptor proteins using standard immunoblot techniques. Results Young (12-13 months and old (18-20 months mice Dp1Tyb, Dp(17)3Yey and Dp(10)2Yey mice were tested on a battery of object recognition memory test that assessed object novelty detection, novel location detection and associative object-in place memory. Following behavioral testing, hippocampal and frontal cortical tissue was analysed for expression of glutamatergic receptor proteins using standard immunoblot techniques. Conclusion Our results show that distinct Hsa21-orthologous regions contribute differentially to cognitive dysfunction in DS mouse models and that aging interacts with triplication of Hsa21-orthologous genes on Mmu10.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tara Canonica
- School of Psychology, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Emma J. Kidd
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Elizabeth M. C. Fisher
- Department of Neuromuscular Diseases, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Mark Good
- School of Psychology, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
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Lanzillotta C, Baniowska MR, Prestia F, Sette C, Nalesso V, Perluigi M, Barone E, Duchon A, Tramutola A, Herault Y, Di Domenico F. Shaping down syndrome brain cognitive and molecular changes due to aging using adult animals from the Ts66Yah murine model. Neurobiol Dis 2024; 196:106523. [PMID: 38705491 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2024.106523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Revised: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Down syndrome (DS) is the most common condition with intellectual disability and is caused by trisomy of Homo sapiens chromosome 21 (HSA21). The increased dosage of genes on HSA21 is associated with early neurodevelopmental changes and subsequently at adult age with the development of Alzheimer-like cognitive decline. However, the molecular mechanisms promoting brain pathology along aging are still missing. The novel Ts66Yah model represents an evolution of the Ts65Dn, used in characterizing the progression of brain degeneration, and it manifest phenotypes closer to human DS condition. In this study we performed a longitudinal analysis (3-9 months) of adult Ts66Yah mice. Our data support the behavioural alterations occurring in Ts66Yah mice at older age with improvement in the detection of spatial memory defects and also a new anxiety-related phenotype. The evaluation of hippocampal molecular pathways in Ts66Yah mice, as effect of age, demonstrate the aberrant regulation of redox balance, proteostasis, stress response, metabolic pathways, programmed cell death and synaptic plasticity. Intriguingly, the genotype-driven changes observed in those pathways occur early promoting altered brain development and the onset of a condition of premature aging. In turn, aging may account for the subsequent hippocampal deterioration that fall in characteristic neuropathological features. Besides, the analysis of sex influence in the alteration of hippocampal mechanisms demonstrate only a mild effect. Overall, data collected in Ts66Yah provide novel and consolidated insights, concerning trisomy-driven processes that contribute to brain pathology in conjunction with aging. This, in turn, aids in bridging the existing gap in comprehending the intricate nature of DS phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Lanzillotta
- Department of Biochemical Sciences A. Rossi Fanelli, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Monika Rataj Baniowska
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, Inserm, Institut de Génétique Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, IGBMC, UMR 7104- UMR-S 1258, F-67400 Illkirch, France
| | - Francesca Prestia
- Department of Biochemical Sciences A. Rossi Fanelli, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Chiara Sette
- Department of Biochemical Sciences A. Rossi Fanelli, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Valérie Nalesso
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, Inserm, Institut de Génétique Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, IGBMC, UMR 7104- UMR-S 1258, F-67400 Illkirch, France
| | - Marzia Perluigi
- Department of Biochemical Sciences A. Rossi Fanelli, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Eugenio Barone
- Department of Biochemical Sciences A. Rossi Fanelli, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Arnaud Duchon
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, Inserm, Institut de Génétique Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, IGBMC, UMR 7104- UMR-S 1258, F-67400 Illkirch, France
| | - Antonella Tramutola
- Department of Biochemical Sciences A. Rossi Fanelli, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Yann Herault
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, Inserm, Institut de Génétique Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, IGBMC, UMR 7104- UMR-S 1258, F-67400 Illkirch, France.
| | - Fabio Di Domenico
- Department of Biochemical Sciences A. Rossi Fanelli, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy.
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Takasaki K, Wafula EK, Kumar SS, Smith D, Gagne AL, French DL, Thom CS, Chou ST. Single-cell transcriptomics reveal synergistic and antagonistic effects of T21 and GATA1s on hematopoiesis. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.05.24.595827. [PMID: 38826323 PMCID: PMC11142253 DOI: 10.1101/2024.05.24.595827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2024]
Abstract
Trisomy 21 (T21), or Down syndrome (DS), is associated with baseline macrocytic erythrocytosis, thrombocytopenia, and neutrophilia, and transient abnormal myelopoiesis (TAM) and myeloid leukemia of DS (ML-DS). TAM and ML-DS blasts both arise from an aberrant megakaryocyte-erythroid progenitor and exclusively express GATA1s, the truncated isoform of GATA1 , while germline GATA1s mutations in a non-T21 context lead to congenital cytopenias without a leukemic predisposition. This suggests that T21 and GATA1s perturb hematopoiesis independently and synergistically, but this interaction has been challenging to study in part due to limited human cell and murine models. To dissect the developmental impacts of GATA1s on hematopoiesis in euploid and T21 cells, we performed a single-cell RNA-sequencing timecourse on hematopoietic progenitors (HPCs) derived from isogenic human induced pluripotent stem cells differing only by chromosome 21 and/or GATA1 status. These HPCs were surprisingly heterogeneous and displayed spontaneous lineage skew apparently dictated by T21 and/or GATA1s. In euploid cells, GATA1s nearly eliminated erythropoiesis, impaired MK maturation, and promoted an immature myelopoiesis, while in T21 cells, GATA1s appeared to compete with the enhanced erythropoiesis and suppressed megakaryopoiesis driven by T21 to give rise to immature erythrocytes, MKs, and myeloid cells. T21 and GATA1s both disrupted temporal regulation of lineage-specific transcriptional programs and specifically perturbed cell cycle genes. These findings in an isogenic system can thus be attributed specifically to T21 and GATA1s and suggest that these genetic changes together enhance HPC proliferation at the expense of maturation, consistent with a pro-leukemic phenotype.
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Staurenghi E, Testa G, Leoni V, Cecci R, Floro L, Giannelli S, Barone E, Perluigi M, Leonarduzzi G, Sottero B, Gamba P. Altered Brain Cholesterol Machinery in a Down Syndrome Mouse Model: A Possible Common Feature with Alzheimer's Disease. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:435. [PMID: 38671883 PMCID: PMC11047305 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13040435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2024] [Revised: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/30/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Down syndrome (DS) is a complex chromosomal disorder considered as a genetically determined form of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Maintenance of brain cholesterol homeostasis is essential for brain functioning and development, and its dysregulation is associated with AD neuroinflammation and oxidative damage. Brain cholesterol imbalances also likely occur in DS, concurring with the precocious AD-like neurodegeneration. In this pilot study, we analyzed, in the brain of the Ts2Cje (Ts2) mouse model of DS, the expression of genes encoding key enzymes involved in cholesterol metabolism and of the levels of cholesterol and its main precursors and products of its metabolism (i.e., oxysterols). The results showed, in Ts2 mice compared to euploid mice, the downregulation of the transcription of the genes encoding the enzymes 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase and 24-dehydrocholesterol reductase, the latter originally recognized as an indicator of AD, and the consequent reduction in total cholesterol levels. Moreover, the expression of genes encoding enzymes responsible for brain cholesterol oxidation and the amounts of the resulting oxysterols were modified in Ts2 mouse brains, and the levels of cholesterol autoxidation products were increased, suggesting an exacerbation of cerebral oxidative stress. We also observed an enhanced inflammatory response in Ts2 mice, underlined by the upregulation of the transcription of the genes encoding for α-interferon and interleukin-6, two cytokines whose synthesis is increased in the brains of AD patients. Overall, these results suggest that DS and AD brains share cholesterol cycle derangements and altered oxysterol levels, which may contribute to the oxidative and inflammatory events involved in both diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erica Staurenghi
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, San Luigi Hospital, 10043 Orbassano, Italy; (E.S.); (R.C.); (L.F.); (S.G.); (G.L.); (B.S.); (P.G.)
| | - Gabriella Testa
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, San Luigi Hospital, 10043 Orbassano, Italy; (E.S.); (R.C.); (L.F.); (S.G.); (G.L.); (B.S.); (P.G.)
| | - Valerio Leoni
- Laboratory of Clinical Pathology, Hospital Pio XI of Desio, ASST-Brianza and Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20832 Desio, Italy;
| | - Rebecca Cecci
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, San Luigi Hospital, 10043 Orbassano, Italy; (E.S.); (R.C.); (L.F.); (S.G.); (G.L.); (B.S.); (P.G.)
| | - Lucrezia Floro
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, San Luigi Hospital, 10043 Orbassano, Italy; (E.S.); (R.C.); (L.F.); (S.G.); (G.L.); (B.S.); (P.G.)
| | - Serena Giannelli
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, San Luigi Hospital, 10043 Orbassano, Italy; (E.S.); (R.C.); (L.F.); (S.G.); (G.L.); (B.S.); (P.G.)
| | - Eugenio Barone
- Department of Biochemical Sciences “A. Rossi-Fanelli”, Sapienza University, 00185 Roma, Italy; (E.B.); (M.P.)
| | - Marzia Perluigi
- Department of Biochemical Sciences “A. Rossi-Fanelli”, Sapienza University, 00185 Roma, Italy; (E.B.); (M.P.)
| | - Gabriella Leonarduzzi
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, San Luigi Hospital, 10043 Orbassano, Italy; (E.S.); (R.C.); (L.F.); (S.G.); (G.L.); (B.S.); (P.G.)
| | - Barbara Sottero
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, San Luigi Hospital, 10043 Orbassano, Italy; (E.S.); (R.C.); (L.F.); (S.G.); (G.L.); (B.S.); (P.G.)
| | - Paola Gamba
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, San Luigi Hospital, 10043 Orbassano, Italy; (E.S.); (R.C.); (L.F.); (S.G.); (G.L.); (B.S.); (P.G.)
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Sukreet S, Rafii MS, Rissman RA. From understanding to action: Exploring molecular connections of Down syndrome to Alzheimer's disease for targeted therapeutic approach. ALZHEIMER'S & DEMENTIA (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2024; 16:e12580. [PMID: 38623383 PMCID: PMC11016820 DOI: 10.1002/dad2.12580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
Down syndrome (DS) is caused by a third copy of chromosome 21. Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative condition characterized by the deposition of amyloid-beta (Aβ) plaques and neurofibrillary tangles in the brain. Both disorders have elevated Aβ, tau, dysregulated immune response, and inflammation. In people with DS, Hsa21 genes like APP and DYRK1A are overexpressed, causing an accumulation of amyloid and neurofibrillary tangles, and potentially contributing to an increased risk of AD. As a result, people with DS are a key demographic for research into AD therapeutics and prevention. The molecular links between DS and AD shed insights into the underlying causes of both diseases and highlight potential therapeutic targets. Also, using biomarkers for early diagnosis and treatment monitoring is an active area of research, and genetic screening for high-risk individuals may enable earlier intervention. Finally, the fundamental mechanistic parallels between DS and AD emphasize the necessity for continued research into effective treatments and prevention measures for DS patients at risk for AD. Genetic screening with customized therapy approaches may help the DS population in current clinical studies and future biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonal Sukreet
- Department of NeurosciencesUniversity of California‐San DiegoLa JollaCaliforniaUSA
| | - Michael S. Rafii
- Department of Neurology, Alzheimer's Therapeutic Research InstituteKeck School of Medicine of the University of Southern CaliforniaSan DiegoCaliforniaUSA
| | - Robert A. Rissman
- Department of NeurosciencesUniversity of California‐San DiegoLa JollaCaliforniaUSA
- Department Physiology and Neuroscience, Alzheimer’s Therapeutic Research InstituteKeck School of Medicine of the University of Southern CaliforniaSan DiegoCaliforniaUSA
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Llambrich S, Tielemans B, Saliën E, Atzori M, Wouters K, Van Bulck V, Platt M, Vanherp L, Gallego Fernandez N, Grau de la Fuente L, Poptani H, Verlinden L, Himmelreich U, Croitor A, Attanasio C, Callaerts-Vegh Z, Gsell W, Martínez-Abadías N, Vande Velde G. Pleiotropic effects of trisomy and pharmacologic modulation on structural, functional, molecular, and genetic systems in a Down syndrome mouse model. eLife 2024; 12:RP89763. [PMID: 38497812 PMCID: PMC10948151 DOI: 10.7554/elife.89763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Down syndrome (DS) is characterized by skeletal and brain structural malformations, cognitive impairment, altered hippocampal metabolite concentration and gene expression imbalance. These alterations were usually investigated separately, and the potential rescuing effects of green tea extracts enriched in epigallocatechin-3-gallate (GTE-EGCG) provided disparate results due to different experimental conditions. We overcame these limitations by conducting the first longitudinal controlled experiment evaluating genotype and GTE-EGCG prenatal chronic treatment effects before and after treatment discontinuation. Our findings revealed that the Ts65Dn mouse model reflected the pleiotropic nature of DS, exhibiting brachycephalic skull, ventriculomegaly, neurodevelopmental delay, hyperactivity, and impaired memory robustness with altered hippocampal metabolite concentration and gene expression. GTE-EGCG treatment modulated most systems simultaneously but did not rescue DS phenotypes. On the contrary, the treatment exacerbated trisomic phenotypes including body weight, tibia microarchitecture, neurodevelopment, adult cognition, and metabolite concentration, not supporting the therapeutic use of GTE-EGCG as a prenatal chronic treatment. Our results highlight the importance of longitudinal experiments assessing the co-modulation of multiple systems throughout development when characterizing preclinical models in complex disorders and evaluating the pleiotropic effects and general safety of pharmacological treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergi Llambrich
- Biomedical MRI, Department of Imaging and Pathology, KU LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
| | - Birger Tielemans
- Biomedical MRI, Department of Imaging and Pathology, KU LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
| | - Ellen Saliën
- Biomedical MRI, Department of Imaging and Pathology, KU LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
| | - Marta Atzori
- Department of Human Genetics, KU LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
| | - Kaat Wouters
- Laboratory of Biological Psychology, KU LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
| | | | - Mark Platt
- Centre for Preclinical Imaging, Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, University of LiverpoolLiverpoolUnited Kingdom
| | - Laure Vanherp
- Biomedical MRI, Department of Imaging and Pathology, KU LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
| | - Nuria Gallego Fernandez
- Departament de Biologia Evolutiva, Ecologia i Ciències Ambientals (BEECA), Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain
| | - Laura Grau de la Fuente
- Departament de Biologia Evolutiva, Ecologia i Ciències Ambientals (BEECA), Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain
| | - Harish Poptani
- Centre for Preclinical Imaging, Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, University of LiverpoolLiverpoolUnited Kingdom
| | - Lieve Verlinden
- Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology, KU LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
| | - Uwe Himmelreich
- Biomedical MRI, Department of Imaging and Pathology, KU LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
| | - Anca Croitor
- Biomedical MRI, Department of Imaging and Pathology, KU LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
| | | | | | - Willy Gsell
- Biomedical MRI, Department of Imaging and Pathology, KU LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
| | - Neus Martínez-Abadías
- Departament de Biologia Evolutiva, Ecologia i Ciències Ambientals (BEECA), Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain
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Abukhaled Y, Hatab K, Awadhalla M, Hamdan H. Understanding the genetic mechanisms and cognitive impairments in Down syndrome: towards a holistic approach. J Neurol 2024; 271:87-104. [PMID: 37561187 PMCID: PMC10769995 DOI: 10.1007/s00415-023-11890-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 07/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023]
Abstract
The most common genetic cause of intellectual disability is Down syndrome (DS), trisomy 21. It commonly results from three copies of human chromosome 21 (HC21). There are no mutations or deletions involved in DS. Instead, the phenotype is caused by altered transcription of the genes on HC21. These transcriptional variations are responsible for a myriad of symptoms affecting every organ system. A very debilitating aspect of DS is intellectual disability (ID). Although tremendous advances have been made to try and understand the underlying mechanisms of ID, there is a lack of a unified, holistic view to defining the cause and managing the cognitive impairments. In this literature review, we discuss the mechanisms of neuronal over-inhibition, abnormal morphology, and other genetic factors in contributing to the development of ID in DS patients and to gain a holistic understanding of ID in DS patients. We also highlight potential therapeutic approaches to improve the quality of life of DS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yara Abukhaled
- Department of Physiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, and Health Sciences, Khalifa University, 127788, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Kenana Hatab
- Department of Physiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, and Health Sciences, Khalifa University, 127788, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Mohammad Awadhalla
- Department of Physiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, and Health Sciences, Khalifa University, 127788, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Hamdan Hamdan
- Department of Physiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, and Health Sciences, Khalifa University, 127788, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.
- Healthcare Engineering Innovation Center (HEIC), Khalifa University, 127788, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.
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Alldred MJ, Pidikiti H, Ibrahim KW, Lee SH, Heguy A, Hoffman GE, Mufson EJ, Stutzmann GE, Ginsberg SD. Hippocampal CA1 Pyramidal Neurons Display Sublayer and Circuitry Dependent Degenerative Expression Profiles in Aged Female Down Syndrome Mice. J Alzheimers Dis 2024; 100:S341-S362. [PMID: 39031371 DOI: 10.3233/jad-240622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/22/2024]
Abstract
Background Individuals with Down syndrome (DS) have intellectual disability and develop Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathology during midlife, particularly in the hippocampal component of the medial temporal lobe memory circuit. However, molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying selective vulnerability of hippocampal CA1 neurons remains a major knowledge gap during DS/AD onset. This is compounded by evidence showing spatial (e.g., deep versus superficial) localization of pyramidal neurons (PNs) has profound effects on activity and innervation within the CA1 region. Objective We investigated whether there is a spatial profiling difference in CA1 PNs in an aged female DS/AD mouse model. We posit dysfunction may be dependent on spatial localization and innervation patterns within discrete CA1 subfields. Methods Laser capture microdissection was performed on trisomic CA1 PNs in an established mouse model of DS/AD compared to disomic controls, isolating the entire CA1 pyramidal neuron layer and sublayer microisolations of deep and superficial PNs from the distal CA1 (CA1a) region. Results RNA sequencing and bioinformatic inquiry revealed dysregulation of CA1 PNs based on spatial location and innervation patterns. The entire CA1 region displayed the most differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in trisomic mice reflecting innate DS vulnerability, while trisomic CA1a deep PNs exhibited fewer but more physiologically relevant DEGs, as evidenced by bioinformatic inquiry. Conclusions CA1a deep neurons displayed numerous DEGs linked to cognitive functions whereas CA1a superficial neurons, with approximately equal numbers of DEGs, were not linked to pathways of dysregulation, suggesting the spatial location of vulnerable CA1 PNs plays an important role in circuit dissolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa J Alldred
- Center for Dementia Research, Nathan Kline Institute, Orangeburg, NY, USA
- Departments of Psychiatry, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Harshitha Pidikiti
- Center for Dementia Research, Nathan Kline Institute, Orangeburg, NY, USA
| | - Kryillos W Ibrahim
- Center for Dementia Research, Nathan Kline Institute, Orangeburg, NY, USA
| | - Sang Han Lee
- Center for Dementia Research, Nathan Kline Institute, Orangeburg, NY, USA
- Departments of Psychiatry, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Adriana Heguy
- Genome Technology Center, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Gabriel E Hoffman
- Departments of Genetics and Genomic Sciences and Psychiatry and the Institute for Data Science and Genomic Technology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Elliott J Mufson
- Department of Translational Neuroscience and Neurology, Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Grace E Stutzmann
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease and Therapeutics, Rosalind Franklin University/The Chicago Medical School, North Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Stephen D Ginsberg
- Center for Dementia Research, Nathan Kline Institute, Orangeburg, NY, USA
- Departments of Psychiatry, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Neuroscience & Physiology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- NYU Neuroscience Institute, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
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10
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Brooks WH. Polyamine Dysregulation and Nucleolar Disruption in Alzheimer's Disease. J Alzheimers Dis 2024; 98:837-857. [PMID: 38489184 DOI: 10.3233/jad-231184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
A hypothesis of Alzheimer's disease etiology is proposed describing how cellular stress induces excessive polyamine synthesis and recycling which can disrupt nucleoli. Polyamines are essential in nucleolar functions, such as RNA folding and ribonucleoprotein assembly. Changes in the nucleolar pool of anionic RNA and cationic polyamines acting as counterions can cause significant nucleolar dynamics. Polyamine synthesis reduces S-adenosylmethionine which, at low levels, triggers tau phosphorylation. Also, polyamine recycling reduces acetyl-CoA needed for acetylcholine, which is low in Alzheimer's disease. Extraordinary nucleolar expansion and/or contraction can disrupt epigenetic control in peri-nucleolar chromatin, such as chromosome 14 with the presenilin-1 gene; chromosome 21 with the amyloid precursor protein gene; chromosome 17 with the tau gene; chromosome 19 with the APOE4 gene; and the inactive X chromosome (Xi; aka "nucleolar satellite") with normally silent spermine synthase (polyamine synthesis) and spermidine/spermine-N1-acetyltransferase (polyamine recycling) alleles. Chromosomes 17, 19 and the Xi have high concentrations of Alu elements which can be transcribed by RNA polymerase III if positioned nucleosomes are displaced from the Alu elements. A sudden flood of Alu RNA transcripts can competitively bind nucleolin which is usually bound to Alu sequences in structural RNAs that stabilize the nucleolar heterochromatic shell. This Alu competition leads to loss of nucleolar integrity with leaking of nucleolar polyamines that cause aggregation of phosphorylated tau. The hypothesis was developed with key word searches (e.g., PubMed) using relevant terms (e.g., Alzheimer's, lupus, nucleolin) based on a systems biology approach and exploring autoimmune disease tautology, gaining synergistic insights from other diseases.
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11
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Kurabayashi N, Fujii K, Otobe Y, Hiroki S, Hiratsuka M, Yoshitane H, Kazuki Y, Takao K. Neocortical neuronal production and maturation defects in the TcMAC21 mouse model of Down syndrome. iScience 2023; 26:108379. [PMID: 38025769 PMCID: PMC10679816 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.108379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 09/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Down syndrome (DS) results from trisomy of human chromosome 21 (HSA21), and DS research has been conducted by the use of mouse models. We previously generated a humanized mouse model of DS, TcMAC21, which carries the long arm of HSA21. These mice exhibit learning and memory deficits, and may reproduce neurodevelopmental alterations observed in humans with DS. Here, we performed histologic studies of the TcMAC21 forebrain from embryonic to adult stages. The TcMAC21 neocortex showed reduced proliferation of neural progenitors and delayed neurogenesis. These abnormalities were associated with a smaller number of projection neurons and interneurons. Further, (phospho-)proteomic analysis of adult TcMAC21 cortex revealed alterations in the phosphorylation levels of a series of synaptic proteins. The TcMAC21 mouse model shows similar brain development abnormalities as DS, and will be a valuable model to investigate prenatal and postnatal causes of intellectual disability in humans with DS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobuhiro Kurabayashi
- Department of Behavioral Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toyama, Sugitani 2630, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
- Circadian Clock Project, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Kamikitazawa 2-1-6, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 156-8506, Japan
- Research Center for Idling Brain Science, University of Toyama, Sugitani 2630, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
| | - Kazuki Fujii
- Department of Behavioral Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toyama, Sugitani 2630, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
- Research Center for Idling Brain Science, University of Toyama, Sugitani 2630, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
| | - Yuta Otobe
- Circadian Clock Project, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Kamikitazawa 2-1-6, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 156-8506, Japan
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Hongo 7-3-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Shingo Hiroki
- Circadian Clock Project, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Kamikitazawa 2-1-6, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 156-8506, Japan
| | - Masaharu Hiratsuka
- Department of Chromosome Biomedical Engineering, School of Life Science, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, 86 Nishi-cho, Yonago, Tottori 683-8503, Japan
- Chromosome Engineering Research Center, Tottori University, 86 Nishi-cho, Yonago, Tottori 683-8503, Japan
| | - Hikari Yoshitane
- Circadian Clock Project, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Kamikitazawa 2-1-6, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 156-8506, Japan
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Hongo 7-3-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Kazuki
- Department of Chromosome Biomedical Engineering, School of Life Science, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, 86 Nishi-cho, Yonago, Tottori 683-8503, Japan
- Chromosome Engineering Research Center, Tottori University, 86 Nishi-cho, Yonago, Tottori 683-8503, Japan
- Chromosome Engineering Research Group, The Exploratory Research Center on Life and Living Systems (ExCELLS), National Institutes of Natural Sciences 5-1 Higashiyama, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8787, Japan
| | - Keizo Takao
- Department of Behavioral Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toyama, Sugitani 2630, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
- Research Center for Idling Brain Science, University of Toyama, Sugitani 2630, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
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12
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Buczyńska A, Sidorkiewicz I, Krętowski AJ, Zbucka-Krętowska M. The Role of Oxidative Stress in Trisomy 21 Phenotype. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2023; 43:3943-3963. [PMID: 37819608 PMCID: PMC10661812 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-023-01417-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
Extensive research has been conducted to gain a deeper understanding of the deregulated metabolic pathways in the development of trisomy 21 (T21) or Down syndrome. This research has shed light on the hypothesis that oxidative stress plays a significant role in the manifestation of the T21 phenotype. Although in vivo studies have shown promising results in mitigating the detrimental effects of oxidative stress, there is currently a lack of introduced antioxidant treatment options targeting cognitive impairments associated with T21. To address this gap, a comprehensive literature review was conducted to provide an updated overview of the involvement of oxidative stress in T21. The review aimed to summarize the insights into the pathogenesis of the Down syndrome phenotype and present the findings of recent innovative research that focuses on improving cognitive function in T21 through various antioxidant interventions. By examining the existing literature, this research seeks to provide a holistic understanding of the role oxidative stress plays in the development of T21 and to explore novel approaches that target multiple aspects of antioxidant intervention to improve cognitive function in individuals with Down syndrome. The guides -base systematic review process (Hutton et al. 2015).
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelika Buczyńska
- Clinical Research Centre, Medical University of Białystok, ul. M. Skłodowskiej-Curie 24a, 15-276, Białystok, Poland.
| | - Iwona Sidorkiewicz
- Clinical Research Centre, Medical University of Białystok, ul. M. Skłodowskiej-Curie 24a, 15-276, Białystok, Poland
| | - Adam Jacek Krętowski
- Clinical Research Centre, Medical University of Białystok, ul. M. Skłodowskiej-Curie 24a, 15-276, Białystok, Poland
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Białystok, ul. Sklodowskiej-Curie 24a, 15-276, Białystok, Poland
| | - Monika Zbucka-Krętowska
- Department of Gynecological Endocrinology and Adolescent Gynecology, Medical University of Białystok, ul. M. Skłodowskiej-Curie 24a, 15-276, Białystok, Poland.
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13
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Gautier MK, Kelley CM, Lee SH, Alldred MJ, McDaid J, Mufson EJ, Stutzmann GE, Ginsberg SD. Maternal choline supplementation protects against age-associated cholinergic and GABAergic basal forebrain neuron degeneration in the Ts65Dn mouse model of Down syndrome and Alzheimer's disease. Neurobiol Dis 2023; 188:106332. [PMID: 37890559 PMCID: PMC10752300 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2023.106332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Revised: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Down syndrome (DS) is a genetic disorder caused by triplication of human chromosome 21. In addition to intellectual disability, DS is defined by a premature aging phenotype and Alzheimer's disease (AD) neuropathology, including septohippocampal circuit vulnerability and degeneration of basal forebrain cholinergic neurons (BFCNs). The Ts65Dn mouse model recapitulates key aspects of DS/AD pathology, namely age-associated atrophy of BFCNs and cognitive decline in septohippocampal-dependent behavioral tasks. We investigated whether maternal choline supplementation (MCS), a well-tolerated treatment modality, protects vulnerable BFCNs from age- and genotype-associated degeneration in trisomic offspring. We also examined the effect of trisomy, and MCS, on GABAergic basal forebrain parvalbumin neurons (BFPNs), an unexplored neuronal population in this DS model. Unbiased stereological analyses of choline acetyltransferase (ChAT)-immunoreactive BFCNs and parvalbumin-immunoreactive BFPNs were conducted using confocal z-stacks of the medial septal nucleus and the vertical limb of the diagonal band (MSN/VDB) in Ts65Dn mice and disomic (2N) littermates at 3-4 and 10-12 months of age. MCS trisomic offspring displayed significant increases in ChAT-immunoreactive neuron number and density compared to unsupplemented counterparts, as well as increases in the area of the MSN/VDB occupied by ChAT-immunoreactive neuropil. MCS also rescued BFPN number and density in Ts65Dn offspring, a novel rescue of a non-cholinergic cell population. Furthermore, MCS prevented age-associated loss of BFCNs and MSN/VDB regional area in 2N offspring, indicating genotype-independent neuroprotective benefits. These findings demonstrate MCS provides neuroprotection of vulnerable BFCNs and non-cholinergic septohippocampal BFPNs, indicating this modality has translational value as an early life therapy for DS, as well as extending benefits to the aging population at large.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan K Gautier
- Center for Dementia Research, Nathan Kline Institute, Orangeburg, NY, USA; Pathobiology and Translational Medicine Program, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA; NYU Neuroscience Institute, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Christy M Kelley
- Complex Adaptive Systems Initiative, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA; Institute for Future Health, Scottsdale, AZ, USA
| | - Sang Han Lee
- Center for Dementia Research, Nathan Kline Institute, Orangeburg, NY, USA; Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Melissa J Alldred
- Center for Dementia Research, Nathan Kline Institute, Orangeburg, NY, USA; Department of Psychiatry, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - John McDaid
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease and Therapeutics, Rosalind Franklin University/The Chicago Medical School, North Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Elliott J Mufson
- Departments of Translational Neuroscience and Neurology, Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Grace E Stutzmann
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease and Therapeutics, Rosalind Franklin University/The Chicago Medical School, North Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Stephen D Ginsberg
- Center for Dementia Research, Nathan Kline Institute, Orangeburg, NY, USA; NYU Neuroscience Institute, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA; Department of Psychiatry, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA; Department of Neuroscience & Physiology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
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14
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Majidian S, Agustinho DP, Chin CS, Sedlazeck FJ, Mahmoud M. Genomic variant benchmark: if you cannot measure it, you cannot improve it. Genome Biol 2023; 24:221. [PMID: 37798733 PMCID: PMC10552390 DOI: 10.1186/s13059-023-03061-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Genomic benchmark datasets are essential to driving the field of genomics and bioinformatics. They provide a snapshot of the performances of sequencing technologies and analytical methods and highlight future challenges. However, they depend on sequencing technology, reference genome, and available benchmarking methods. Thus, creating a genomic benchmark dataset is laborious and highly challenging, often involving multiple sequencing technologies, different variant calling tools, and laborious manual curation. In this review, we discuss the available benchmark datasets and their utility. Additionally, we focus on the most recent benchmark of genes with medical relevance and challenging genomic complexity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sina Majidian
- Department of Computational Biology, University of Lausanne, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
- SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Fritz J Sedlazeck
- Baylor College of Medicine, Human Genome Sequencing Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
- Department of Computer Science, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, TX, 77005, USA.
| | - Medhat Mahmoud
- Baylor College of Medicine, Human Genome Sequencing Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.
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15
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van Dijk EL, Naquin D, Gorrichon K, Jaszczyszyn Y, Ouazahrou R, Thermes C, Hernandez C. Genomics in the long-read sequencing era. Trends Genet 2023; 39:649-671. [PMID: 37230864 DOI: 10.1016/j.tig.2023.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Long-read sequencing (LRS) technologies have provided extremely powerful tools to explore genomes. While in the early years these methods suffered technical limitations, they have recently made significant progress in terms of read length, throughput, and accuracy and bioinformatics tools have strongly improved. Here, we aim to review the current status of LRS technologies, the development of novel methods, and the impact on genomics research. We will explore the most impactful recent findings made possible by these technologies focusing on high-resolution sequencing of genomes and transcriptomes and the direct detection of DNA and RNA modifications. We will also discuss how LRS methods promise a more comprehensive understanding of human genetic variation, transcriptomics, and epigenetics for the coming years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erwin L van Dijk
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), 91198, Gif-sur-Yvette, France.
| | - Delphine Naquin
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), 91198, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Kévin Gorrichon
- National Center of Human Genomics Research (CNRGH), 91000 Évry-Courcouronnes, France
| | - Yan Jaszczyszyn
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), 91198, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Rania Ouazahrou
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), 91198, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Claude Thermes
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), 91198, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Céline Hernandez
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), 91198, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
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16
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Rusu B, Kukreja B, Wu T, Dan SJ, Feng MY, Kalish BT. Single-Nucleus Profiling Identifies Accelerated Oligodendrocyte Precursor Cell Senescence in a Mouse Model of Down Syndrome. eNeuro 2023; 10:ENEURO.0147-23.2023. [PMID: 37491366 PMCID: PMC10449487 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0147-23.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Down syndrome (DS), the most common genetic cause of intellectual disability, is associated with lifelong cognitive deficits. However, the mechanisms by which triplication of chromosome 21 genes drive neuroinflammation and cognitive dysfunction are poorly understood. Here, using the Ts65Dn mouse model of DS, we performed an integrated single-nucleus ATAC and RNA-sequencing (snATAC-seq and snRNA-seq) analysis of the adult cortex. We identified cell type-specific transcriptional and chromatin-associated changes in the Ts65Dn cortex, including regulators of neuroinflammation, transcription and translation, myelination, and mitochondrial function. We discovered enrichment of a senescence-associated transcriptional signature in Ts65Dn oligodendrocyte (OL) precursor cells (OPCs) and epigenetic changes consistent with a loss of heterochromatin. We found that senescence is restricted to a subset of OPCs concentrated in deep cortical layers. Treatment of Ts65Dn mice with a senescence-reducing flavonoid rescued cortical OPC proliferation, restored microglial homeostasis, and improved contextual fear memory. Together, these findings suggest that cortical OPC senescence may be an important driver of neuropathology in DS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bianca Rusu
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1A8, Canada
- Program in Neuroscience and Mental Health, SickKids Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Bharti Kukreja
- Program in Neuroscience and Mental Health, SickKids Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Taiyi Wu
- Program in Neuroscience and Mental Health, SickKids Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Sophie J Dan
- Program in Neuroscience and Mental Health, SickKids Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1L7, Canada
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1A8, Canada
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1A8, Canada
| | - Min Yi Feng
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1A8, Canada
- Program in Neuroscience and Mental Health, SickKids Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Brian T Kalish
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1A8, Canada
- Program in Neuroscience and Mental Health, SickKids Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1L7, Canada
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Paediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1L7, Canada
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17
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Guedj F, Kane E, Bishop LA, Pennings JLA, Herault Y, Bianchi DW. The Impact of Mmu17 Non-Hsa21 Orthologous Genes in the Ts65Dn Mouse Model of Down Syndrome: The Gold Standard Refuted. Biol Psychiatry 2023; 94:84-97. [PMID: 37074246 PMCID: PMC10330375 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2023.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 04/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite successful preclinical treatment studies to improve neurocognition in the Ts65Dn mouse model of Down syndrome, translation to humans has failed. This raises questions about the appropriateness of the Ts65Dn mouse as the gold standard. We used the novel Ts66Yah mouse that carries an extra chromosome and the identical segmental Mmu16 trisomy as Ts65Dn without the Mmu17 non-Hsa21 orthologous region. METHODS Forebrains from embryonic day 18.5 Ts66Yah and Ts65Dn mice, along with euploid littermate controls, were used for gene expression and pathway analyses. Behavioral experiments were performed in neonatal and adult mice. Because male Ts66Yah mice are fertile, parent-of-origin transmission of the extra chromosome was studied. RESULTS Forty-five protein-coding genes mapped to the Ts65Dn Mmu17 non-Hsa21 orthologous region; 71%-82% are expressed during forebrain development. Several of these genes are uniquely overexpressed in Ts65Dn embryonic forebrain, producing major differences in dysregulated genes and pathways. Despite these differences, the primary Mmu16 trisomic effects were highly conserved in both models, resulting in commonly dysregulated disomic genes and pathways. Delays in motor development, communication, and olfactory spatial memory were present in Ts66Yah but more pronounced in Ts65Dn neonates. Adult Ts66Yah mice showed milder working memory deficits and sex-specific effects in exploratory behavior and spatial hippocampal memory, while long-term memory was preserved. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that triplication of the non-Hsa21 orthologous Mmu17 genes significantly contributes to the phenotype of the Ts65Dn mouse and may explain why preclinical trials that used this model have unsuccessfully translated to human therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faycal Guedj
- Prenatal Genomics and Fetal Therapy Section, Center for Precision Health Research, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Elise Kane
- Prenatal Genomics and Fetal Therapy Section, Center for Precision Health Research, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Lauren A Bishop
- Prenatal Genomics and Fetal Therapy Section, Center for Precision Health Research, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Jeroen L A Pennings
- Center for Health Protection, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, the Netherlands
| | - Yann Herault
- Université de Strasbourg, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Department of Translational Medicine and Neurogenetics, Strasbourg, France
| | - Diana W Bianchi
- Prenatal Genomics and Fetal Therapy Section, Center for Precision Health Research, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland; Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland.
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18
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Waugh KA, Minter R, Baxter J, Chi C, Galbraith MD, Tuttle KD, Eduthan NP, Kinning KT, Andrysik Z, Araya P, Dougherty H, Dunn LN, Ludwig M, Schade KA, Tracy D, Smith KP, Granrath RE, Busquet N, Khanal S, Anderson RD, Cox LL, Estrada BE, Rachubinski AL, Lyford HR, Britton EC, Fantauzzo KA, Orlicky DJ, Matsuda JL, Song K, Cox TC, Sullivan KD, Espinosa JM. Triplication of the interferon receptor locus contributes to hallmarks of Down syndrome in a mouse model. Nat Genet 2023; 55:1034-1047. [PMID: 37277650 PMCID: PMC10260402 DOI: 10.1038/s41588-023-01399-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Down syndrome (DS), the genetic condition caused by trisomy 21, is characterized by variable cognitive impairment, immune dysregulation, dysmorphogenesis and increased prevalence of diverse co-occurring conditions. The mechanisms by which trisomy 21 causes these effects remain largely unknown. We demonstrate that triplication of the interferon receptor (IFNR) gene cluster on chromosome 21 is necessary for multiple phenotypes in a mouse model of DS. Whole-blood transcriptome analysis demonstrated that IFNR overexpression associates with chronic interferon hyperactivity and inflammation in people with DS. To define the contribution of this locus to DS phenotypes, we used genome editing to correct its copy number in a mouse model of DS, which normalized antiviral responses, prevented heart malformations, ameliorated developmental delays, improved cognition and attenuated craniofacial anomalies. Triplication of the Ifnr locus modulates hallmarks of DS in mice, suggesting that trisomy 21 elicits an interferonopathy potentially amenable to therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine A Waugh
- Linda Crnic Institute for Down Syndrome, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Ross Minter
- Linda Crnic Institute for Down Syndrome, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Jessica Baxter
- Linda Crnic Institute for Down Syndrome, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Congwu Chi
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
- Gates Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Biology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
- The Consortium for Fibrosis Research & Translation, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Matthew D Galbraith
- Linda Crnic Institute for Down Syndrome, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Kathryn D Tuttle
- Linda Crnic Institute for Down Syndrome, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Neetha P Eduthan
- Linda Crnic Institute for Down Syndrome, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Kohl T Kinning
- Linda Crnic Institute for Down Syndrome, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Zdenek Andrysik
- Linda Crnic Institute for Down Syndrome, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Paula Araya
- Linda Crnic Institute for Down Syndrome, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Hannah Dougherty
- Linda Crnic Institute for Down Syndrome, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Lauren N Dunn
- Linda Crnic Institute for Down Syndrome, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Developmental Biology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Michael Ludwig
- Linda Crnic Institute for Down Syndrome, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Kyndal A Schade
- Linda Crnic Institute for Down Syndrome, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Dayna Tracy
- Linda Crnic Institute for Down Syndrome, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Keith P Smith
- Linda Crnic Institute for Down Syndrome, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Ross E Granrath
- Linda Crnic Institute for Down Syndrome, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Nicolas Busquet
- Animal Behavior Core, NeuroTechnology Center, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Santosh Khanal
- Linda Crnic Institute for Down Syndrome, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Ryan D Anderson
- Department of Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, USA
| | - Liza L Cox
- Department of Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, USA
| | - Belinda Enriquez Estrada
- Linda Crnic Institute for Down Syndrome, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Angela L Rachubinski
- Linda Crnic Institute for Down Syndrome, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Developmental Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Hannah R Lyford
- Linda Crnic Institute for Down Syndrome, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Eleanor C Britton
- Linda Crnic Institute for Down Syndrome, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Katherine A Fantauzzo
- Department of Craniofacial Biology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - David J Orlicky
- Department of Pathology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Jennifer L Matsuda
- Department of Immunology and Genomic Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO, USA
| | - Kunhua Song
- Linda Crnic Institute for Down Syndrome, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
- Gates Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Biology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
- The Consortium for Fibrosis Research & Translation, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Timothy C Cox
- Department of Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, USA
| | - Kelly D Sullivan
- Linda Crnic Institute for Down Syndrome, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA.
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Developmental Biology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA.
| | - Joaquin M Espinosa
- Linda Crnic Institute for Down Syndrome, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA.
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA.
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19
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Alldred MJ, Pidikiti H, Heguy A, Roussos P, Ginsberg SD. Basal forebrain cholinergic neurons are vulnerable in a mouse model of Down syndrome and their molecular fingerprint is rescued by maternal choline supplementation. FASEB J 2023; 37:e22944. [PMID: 37191946 PMCID: PMC10292934 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202202111rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Basal forebrain cholinergic neuron (BFCN) degeneration is a hallmark of Down syndrome (DS) and Alzheimer's disease (AD). Current therapeutics in these disorders have been unsuccessful in slowing disease progression, likely due to poorly understood complex pathological interactions and dysregulated pathways. The Ts65Dn trisomic mouse model recapitulates both cognitive and morphological deficits of DS and AD, including BFCN degeneration and has shown lifelong behavioral changes due to maternal choline supplementation (MCS). To test the impact of MCS on trisomic BFCNs, we performed laser capture microdissection to individually isolate choline acetyltransferase-immunopositive neurons in Ts65Dn and disomic littermates, in conjunction with MCS at the onset of BFCN degeneration. We utilized single population RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) to interrogate transcriptomic changes within medial septal nucleus (MSN) BFCNs. Leveraging multiple bioinformatic analysis programs on differentially expressed genes (DEGs) by genotype and diet, we identified key canonical pathways and altered physiological functions within Ts65Dn MSN BFCNs, which were attenuated by MCS in trisomic offspring, including the cholinergic, glutamatergic and GABAergic pathways. We linked differential gene expression bioinformatically to multiple neurological functions, including motor dysfunction/movement disorder, early onset neurological disease, ataxia and cognitive impairment via Ingenuity Pathway Analysis. DEGs within these identified pathways may underlie aberrant behavior in the DS mice, with MCS attenuating the underlying gene expression changes. We propose MCS ameliorates aberrant BFCN gene expression within the septohippocampal circuit of trisomic mice through normalization of principally the cholinergic, glutamatergic, and GABAergic signaling pathways, resulting in attenuation of underlying neurological disease functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa J. Alldred
- Center for Dementia Research, Nathan Kline Institute, Orangeburg, NY, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Harshitha Pidikiti
- Center for Dementia Research, Nathan Kline Institute, Orangeburg, NY, USA
| | - Adriana Heguy
- Genome Technology Center, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Panos Roussos
- Center for Dementia Research, Nathan Kline Institute, Orangeburg, NY, USA
- Departments of Genetics and Genomic Sciences and Psychiatry and the Institute for Data Science and Genomic Technology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Stephen D. Ginsberg
- Center for Dementia Research, Nathan Kline Institute, Orangeburg, NY, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Departments of Neuroscience & Physiology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- NYU Neuroscience Institute, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
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20
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Inguscio CR, Lacavalla MA, Cisterna B, Zancanaro C, Malatesta M. Physical Training Chronically Stimulates the Motor Neuron Cell Nucleus in the Ts65Dn Mouse, a Model of Down Syndrome. Cells 2023; 12:1488. [PMID: 37296609 PMCID: PMC10252427 DOI: 10.3390/cells12111488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Revised: 05/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Down syndrome (DS) is a genetically-based disease based on the trisomy of chromosome 21 (Hsa21). DS is characterized by intellectual disability in association with several pathological traits among which early aging and altered motor coordination are prominent. Physical training or passive exercise were found to be useful in counteracting motor impairment in DS subjects. In this study we used the Ts65Dn mouse, a widely accepted animal model of DS, to investigate the ultrastructural architecture of the medullary motor neuron cell nucleus taken as marker of the cell functional state. Using transmission electron microscopy, ultrastructural morphometry, and immunocytochemistry we carried out a detailed investigation of possible trisomy-related alteration(s) of nuclear constituents, which are known to vary their amount and distribution as a function of nuclear activity, as well as the effect of adapted physical training upon them. Results demonstrated that trisomy per se affects nuclear constituents to a limited extent; however, adapted physical training is able to chronically stimulate pre-mRNA transcription and processing activity in motor neuron nuclei of trisomic mice, although to a lesser extent than in their euploid mates. These findings are a step towards understanding the mechanisms underlying the positive effect of physical activity in DS.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Carlo Zancanaro
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, Anatomy and Histology Section, University of Verona, Strada Le Grazie 8, I-37134 Verona, Italy; (C.R.I.); (M.A.L.); (B.C.); (M.M.)
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21
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Peng L, Baradar AA, Aguado J, Wolvetang E. Cellular senescence and premature aging in Down Syndrome. Mech Ageing Dev 2023; 212:111824. [PMID: 37236373 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2023.111824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2023] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Down syndrome (DS) is a genetic disorder caused by an extra copy of chromosome 21, resulting in cognitive impairment, physical abnormalities, and an increased risk of age-related co-morbidities. Individuals with DS exhibit accelerated aging, which has been attributed to several cellular mechanisms, including cellular senescence, a state of irreversible cell cycle arrest that is associated with aging and age-related diseases. Emerging evidence suggests that cellular senescence may play a key role in the pathogenesis of DS and the development of age-related disorders in this population. Importantly, cellular senescence may be a potential therapeutic target in alleviating age-related DS pathology. Here, we discuss the importance of focusing on cellular senescence to understand accelerated aging in DS. We review the current state of knowledge regarding cellular senescence and other hallmarks of aging in DS, including its putative contribution to cognitive impairment, multi-organ dysfunction, and premature aging phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lianli Peng
- Australian Institute for Biotechnology and Nanotechnology, University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Alireza A Baradar
- Australian Institute for Biotechnology and Nanotechnology, University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Julio Aguado
- Australian Institute for Biotechnology and Nanotechnology, University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia.
| | - Ernst Wolvetang
- Australian Institute for Biotechnology and Nanotechnology, University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia.
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22
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Tielemans B, De Herdt L, Pollenus E, Vanhulle E, Seldeslachts L, Marain F, Belmans F, Ahookhosh K, Vanoirbeek J, Vermeire K, Van den Steen PE, Vande Velde G. A Multimodal Imaging-Supported Down Syndrome Mouse Model of RSV Infection. Viruses 2023; 15:v15040993. [PMID: 37112973 PMCID: PMC10144178 DOI: 10.3390/v15040993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/15/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Individuals with Down syndrome (DS) are more prone to develop severe respiratory tract infections. Although a RSV infection has a high clinical impact and severe outcome in individuals with DS, no vaccine nor effective therapeutics are available. Any research into infection pathophysiology or prophylactic and therapeutic antiviral strategies in the specific context of DS would greatly benefit this patient population, but currently such relevant animal models are lacking. This study aimed to develop and characterize the first mouse model of RSV infection in a DS-specific context. Ts65Dn mice and wild type littermates were inoculated with a bioluminescence imaging-enabled recombinant human RSV to longitudinally track viral replication in host cells throughout infection progression. This resulted in an active infection in the upper airways and lungs with similar viral load in Ts65Dn mice and euploid mice. Flow cytometric analysis of leukocytes in lungs and spleen demonstrated immune alterations with lower CD8+ T cells and B-cells in Ts65Dn mice. Overall, our study presents a novel DS-specific mouse model of hRSV infection and shows that potential in using the Ts65Dn preclinical model to study immune-specific responses of RSV in the context of DS and supports the need for models representing the pathological development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Birger Tielemans
- Biomedical MRI Unit/Mosaic, Department of Imaging and Pathology, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Lander De Herdt
- Biomedical MRI Unit/Mosaic, Department of Imaging and Pathology, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Emilie Pollenus
- Laboratory of Immunoparasitology, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Emiel Vanhulle
- Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Laura Seldeslachts
- Biomedical MRI Unit/Mosaic, Department of Imaging and Pathology, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Fopke Marain
- Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases and Thoracic Surgery (BREATHE), Department of Chronic Diseases and Metabolism, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Flore Belmans
- Biomedical MRI Unit/Mosaic, Department of Imaging and Pathology, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
- Radiomics (Oncoradiomics SA), 4000 Liege, Belgium
| | - Kaveh Ahookhosh
- Biomedical MRI Unit/Mosaic, Department of Imaging and Pathology, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jeroen Vanoirbeek
- Centre for Environment and Health, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Kurt Vermeire
- Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Philippe E Van den Steen
- Laboratory of Immunoparasitology, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Greetje Vande Velde
- Biomedical MRI Unit/Mosaic, Department of Imaging and Pathology, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
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23
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Muza PM, Bush D, Pérez-González M, Zouhair I, Cleverley K, Sopena ML, Aoidi R, West SJ, Good M, Tybulewicz VL, Walker MC, Fisher EM, Chang P. Cognitive impairments in a Down syndrome model with abnormal hippocampal and prefrontal dynamics and cytoarchitecture. iScience 2023; 26:106073. [PMID: 36818290 PMCID: PMC9929862 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.106073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The Dp(10)2Yey mouse carries a ∼2.3-Mb intra-chromosomal duplication of mouse chromosome 10 (Mmu10) that has homology to human chromosome 21, making it an essential model for aspects of Down syndrome (DS, trisomy 21). In this study, we investigated neuronal dysfunction in the Dp(10)2Yey mouse and report spatial memory impairment and anxiety-like behavior alongside altered neural activity in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) and hippocampus (HPC). Specifically, Dp(10)2Yey mice showed impaired spatial alternation associated with increased sharp-wave ripple activity in mPFC during a period of memory consolidation, and reduced mobility in a novel environment accompanied by reduced theta-gamma phase-amplitude coupling in HPC. Finally, we found alterations in the number of interneuron subtypes in mPFC and HPC that may contribute to the observed phenotypes and highlight potential approaches to ameliorate the effects of human trisomy 21.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phillip M. Muza
- Department of Neuromuscular Diseases, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Daniel Bush
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London WC1N 3BG, UK
- UCL Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience and UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London WC1N 3AZ, UK
| | - Marta Pérez-González
- Department of Neuromuscular Diseases, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Ines Zouhair
- Department of Neuromuscular Diseases, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Karen Cleverley
- Department of Neuromuscular Diseases, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Miriam L. Sopena
- Bioinformatics and Biostatistics, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Rifdat Aoidi
- Immune Cell Biology and Down Syndrome Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Steven J. West
- Sainsbury Wellcome Centre, University College London, London W1T 4JG, UK
| | - Mark Good
- School of Psychology, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3AT, UK
| | - Victor L.J. Tybulewicz
- Immune Cell Biology and Down Syndrome Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London NW1 1AT, UK
- Corresponding author
| | - Matthew C. Walker
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London WC1N 3BG, UK
- Corresponding author
| | - Elizabeth M.C. Fisher
- Department of Neuromuscular Diseases, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London WC1N 3BG, UK
- Corresponding author
| | - Pishan Chang
- Department of Neuromuscular Diseases, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London WC1N 3BG, UK
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London WC1N 3BG, UK
- School of Physiology, Pharmacology, and Neuroscience, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TD, UK
- Corresponding author
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24
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Campbell NB, Patel Y, Moore TL, Medalla M, Zeldich E. Extracellular Vesicle Treatment Alleviates Neurodevelopmental and Neurodegenerative Pathology in Cortical Spheroid Model of Down Syndrome. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:3477. [PMID: 36834891 PMCID: PMC9960302 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Down syndrome (DS), or trisomy 21, is manifested in a variety of anatomical and cellular abnormalities resulting in intellectual deficits and early onset of Alzheimer's disease (AD) with no effective treatments available to alleviate the pathologies associated with the disorder. The therapeutic potential of extracellular vesicles (EVs) has emerged recently in relation to various neurological conditions. We have previously demonstrated the therapeutic efficacy of mesenchymal stromal cell-derived EVs (MSC-EVs) in cellular and functional recovery in a rhesus monkey model of cortical injury. In the current study, we evaluated the therapeutic effect of MSC-EVs in a cortical spheroid (CS) model of DS generated from patient-derived induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). Compared to euploid controls, trisomic CS display smaller size, deficient neurogenesis, and AD-related pathological features, such as enhanced cell death and depositions of amyloid beta (Aβ) and hyperphosphorylated tau (p-tau). EV-treated trisomic CS demonstrated preserved size, partial rescue in the production of neurons, significantly decreased levels of Aβ and p-tau, and a reduction in the extent of cell death as compared to the untreated trisomic CS. Together, these results show the efficacy of EVs in mitigating DS and AD-related cellular phenotypes and pathological depositions in human CS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie Baker Campbell
- Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology, Boston University Chobanian & Avedesian School of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Yesha Patel
- Commonwealth Honors College, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Tara L. Moore
- Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology, Boston University Chobanian & Avedesian School of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, MA 02118, USA
- Center for Systems Neuroscience, Boston University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Maria Medalla
- Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology, Boston University Chobanian & Avedesian School of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, MA 02118, USA
- Center for Systems Neuroscience, Boston University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Ella Zeldich
- Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology, Boston University Chobanian & Avedesian School of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, MA 02118, USA
- Center for Systems Neuroscience, Boston University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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25
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Sarver DC, Xu C, Velez LM, Aja S, Jaffe AE, Seldin MM, Reeves RH, Wong GW. Dysregulated systemic metabolism in a Down syndrome mouse model. Mol Metab 2023; 68:101666. [PMID: 36587842 PMCID: PMC9841171 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2022.101666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Trisomy 21 is one of the most complex genetic perturbations compatible with postnatal survival. Dosage imbalance arising from the triplication of genes on human chromosome 21 (Hsa21) affects multiple organ systems. Much of Down syndrome (DS) research, however, has focused on addressing how aneuploidy dysregulates CNS function leading to cognitive deficit. Although obesity, diabetes, and associated sequelae such as fatty liver and dyslipidemia are well documented in the DS population, only limited studies have been conducted to determine how gene dosage imbalance affects whole-body metabolism. Here, we conduct a comprehensive and systematic analysis of key metabolic parameters across different physiological states in the Ts65Dn trisomic mouse model of DS. METHODS Ts65Dn mice and euploid littermates were subjected to comprehensive metabolic phenotyping under basal (chow-fed) state and the pathophysiological state of obesity induced by a high-fat diet (HFD). RNA sequencing of liver, skeletal muscle, and two major fat depots were conducted to determine the impact of aneuploidy on tissue transcriptome. Pathway enrichments, gene-centrality, and key driver estimates were performed to provide insights into tissue autonomous and non-autonomous mechanisms contributing to the dysregulation of systemic metabolism. RESULTS Under the basal state, chow-fed Ts65Dn mice of both sexes had elevated locomotor activity and energy expenditure, reduced fasting serum cholesterol levels, and mild glucose intolerance. Sexually dimorphic deterioration in metabolic homeostasis became apparent when mice were challenged with a high-fat diet. While obese Ts65Dn mice of both sexes exhibited dyslipidemia, male mice also showed impaired systemic insulin sensitivity, reduced mitochondrial activity, and elevated fibrotic and inflammatory gene signatures in the liver and adipose tissue. Systems-level analysis highlighted conserved pathways and potential endocrine drivers of adipose-liver crosstalk that contribute to dysregulated glucose and lipid metabolism. CONCLUSIONS A combined alteration in the expression of trisomic and disomic genes in peripheral tissues contribute to metabolic dysregulations in Ts65Dn mice. These data lay the groundwork for understanding the impact of aneuploidy on in vivo metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dylan C Sarver
- Department of Physiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Center for Metabolism and Obesity Research, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Cheng Xu
- Department of Physiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Center for Metabolism and Obesity Research, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Leandro M Velez
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, USA; Center for Epigenetics and Metabolism, University of California Irvine, Irvine, USA
| | - Susan Aja
- Center for Metabolism and Obesity Research, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Andrew E Jaffe
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA; The Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Baltimore, MD, USA; Center for Computational Biology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Biostatistics, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Marcus M Seldin
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, USA; Center for Epigenetics and Metabolism, University of California Irvine, Irvine, USA
| | - Roger H Reeves
- Department of Physiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - G William Wong
- Department of Physiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Center for Metabolism and Obesity Research, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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26
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Sarver DC, Xu C, Rodriguez S, Aja S, Jaffe AE, Gao FJ, Delannoy M, Periasamy M, Kazuki Y, Oshimura M, Reeves RH, Wong GW. Hypermetabolism in mice carrying a near complete human chromosome 21. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.01.30.526183. [PMID: 36778465 PMCID: PMC9915508 DOI: 10.1101/2023.01.30.526183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The consequences of aneuploidy have traditionally been studied in cell and animal models in which the extrachromosomal DNA is from the same species. Here, we explore a fundamental question concerning the impact of aneuploidy on systemic metabolism using a non-mosaic transchromosomic mouse model (TcMAC21) carrying a near complete human chromosome 21. Independent of diets and housing temperatures, TcMAC21 mice consume more calories, are hyperactive and hypermetabolic, remain consistently lean and profoundly insulin sensitive, and have a higher body temperature. The hypermetabolism and elevated thermogenesis are due to sarcolipin overexpression in the skeletal muscle, resulting in futile sarco(endo)plasmic reticulum Ca 2+ ATPase (SERCA) activity and energy dissipation. Mitochondrial respiration is also markedly increased in skeletal muscle to meet the high ATP demand created by the futile cycle. This serendipitous discovery provides proof-of-concept that sarcolipin-mediated thermogenesis via uncoupling of the SERCA pump can be harnessed to promote energy expenditure and metabolic health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dylan C. Sarver
- Department of Physiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA,Center for Metabolism and Obesity Research, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Cheng Xu
- Department of Physiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA,Center for Metabolism and Obesity Research, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Susana Rodriguez
- Department of Physiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA,Center for Metabolism and Obesity Research, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Susan Aja
- Center for Metabolism and Obesity Research, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA,Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Andrew E. Jaffe
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA,Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA.,The Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Center for Computational Biology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Department of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Department of Biostatistics, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Feng J. Gao
- Department of Physiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Michael Delannoy
- Department of Cell Biology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Muthu Periasamy
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.,Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA
| | - Yasuhiro Kazuki
- Division of Genome and Cellular Functions, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, School of Life Science, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, Tottori, Japan,Chromosome Engineering Research Center, Tottori University, Tottori, Japan
| | - Mitsuo Oshimura
- Chromosome Engineering Research Center, Tottori University, Tottori, Japan
| | - Roger H. Reeves
- Department of Physiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA,Department of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - G. William Wong
- Department of Physiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA,Center for Metabolism and Obesity Research, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA,Correspondence:
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27
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Jewett CE, McCurdy BL, O'Toole ET, Stemm-Wolf AJ, Given KS, Lin CH, Olsen V, Martin W, Reinholdt L, Espinosa JM, Sullivan KD, Macklin WB, Prekeris R, Pearson CG. Trisomy 21 induces pericentrosomal crowding delaying primary ciliogenesis and mouse cerebellar development. eLife 2023; 12:e78202. [PMID: 36656118 PMCID: PMC9851619 DOI: 10.7554/elife.78202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Trisomy 21, the genetic cause of Down syndrome, disrupts primary cilia formation and function, in part through elevated Pericentrin, a centrosome protein encoded on chromosome 21. Yet how trisomy 21 and elevated Pericentrin disrupt cilia-related molecules and pathways, and the in vivo phenotypic relevance remain unclear. Utilizing ciliogenesis time course experiments combined with light microscopy and electron tomography, we reveal that chromosome 21 polyploidy elevates Pericentrin and microtubules away from the centrosome that corral MyosinVA and EHD1, delaying ciliary membrane delivery and mother centriole uncapping essential for ciliogenesis. If given enough time, trisomy 21 cells eventually ciliate, but these ciliated cells demonstrate persistent trafficking defects that reduce transition zone protein localization and decrease sonic hedgehog signaling in direct anticorrelation with Pericentrin levels. Consistent with cultured trisomy 21 cells, a mouse model of Down syndrome with elevated Pericentrin has fewer primary cilia in cerebellar granule neuron progenitors and thinner external granular layers at P4. Our work reveals that elevated Pericentrin from trisomy 21 disrupts multiple early steps of ciliogenesis and creates persistent trafficking defects in ciliated cells. This pericentrosomal crowding mechanism results in signaling deficiencies consistent with the neurological phenotypes found in individuals with Down syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cayla E Jewett
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical CampusAuroraUnited States
- Linda Crnic Institute for Down Syndrome, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical CampusAuroraUnited States
| | - Bailey L McCurdy
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical CampusAuroraUnited States
| | - Eileen T O'Toole
- Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado BoulderBoulderUnited States
| | - Alexander J Stemm-Wolf
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical CampusAuroraUnited States
| | - Katherine S Given
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical CampusAuroraUnited States
| | - Carrie H Lin
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical CampusAuroraUnited States
| | - Valerie Olsen
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical CampusAuroraUnited States
| | | | | | - Joaquín M Espinosa
- Linda Crnic Institute for Down Syndrome, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical CampusAuroraUnited States
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical CampusAuroraUnited States
| | - Kelly D Sullivan
- Linda Crnic Institute for Down Syndrome, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical CampusAuroraUnited States
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Developmental Biology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical CampusAuroraUnited States
| | - Wendy B Macklin
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical CampusAuroraUnited States
| | - Rytis Prekeris
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical CampusAuroraUnited States
| | - Chad G Pearson
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical CampusAuroraUnited States
- Linda Crnic Institute for Down Syndrome, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical CampusAuroraUnited States
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Ishihara K, Kawashita E, Akiba S. Bio-Metal Dyshomeostasis-Associated Acceleration of Aging and Cognitive Decline in Down Syndrome. Biol Pharm Bull 2023; 46:1169-1175. [PMID: 37661395 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b23-00131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
Down syndrome (DS), which is caused by triplication of human chromosome 21 (Hsa21), exhibits some physical signs of accelerated aging, such as graying hair, wrinkles and menopause at an unusually young age. Development of early-onset Alzheimer's disease, which is frequently observed in adults with DS, is also suggested to occur due to accelerated aging of the brain. Several Hsa21 genes are suggested to be responsible for the accelerated aging in DS. In this review, we summarize these candidate genes and possible molecular mechanisms, and discuss the related key factors. In particular, we focus on copper, an essential trace element, as a key factor in the accelerated aging in DS. In addition, the physiological significance of brain copper accumulation in cognitive impairment is discussed. We herein provide our hypothesis on the copper dyshomeostasis-based pathophysiology of DS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keiichi Ishihara
- Department of Pathological Biochemistry (Currently known as Laboratory of Pathological Biochemistry), Kyoto Pharmaceutical University
| | - Eri Kawashita
- Department of Pathological Biochemistry (Currently known as Laboratory of Pathological Biochemistry), Kyoto Pharmaceutical University
| | - Satoshi Akiba
- Department of Pathological Biochemistry (Currently known as Laboratory of Pathological Biochemistry), Kyoto Pharmaceutical University
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Sharma V, Nehra S, Do LH, Ghosh A, Deshpande AJ, Singhal N. Biphasic cell cycle defect causes impaired neurogenesis in down syndrome. Front Genet 2022; 13:1007519. [PMID: 36313423 PMCID: PMC9596798 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.1007519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Impaired neurogenesis in Down syndrome (DS) is characterized by reduced neurons, increased glial cells, and delayed cortical lamination. However, the underlying cause for impaired neurogenesis in DS is not clear. Using both human and mouse iPSCs, we demonstrate that DS impaired neurogenesis is due to biphasic cell cycle dysregulation during the generation of neural progenitors from iPSCs named the “neurogenic stage” of neurogenesis. Upon neural induction, DS cells showed reduced proliferation during the early phase followed by increased proliferation in the late phase of the neurogenic stage compared to control cells. While reduced proliferation in the early phase causes reduced neural progenitor pool, increased proliferation in the late phase leads to delayed post mitotic neuron generation in DS. RNAseq analysis of late-phase DS progenitor cells revealed upregulation of S phase-promoting regulators, Notch, Wnt, Interferon pathways, and REST, and downregulation of several genes of the BAF chromatin remodeling complex. NFIB and POU3F4, neurogenic genes activated by the interaction of PAX6 and the BAF complex, were downregulated in DS cells. ChIPseq analysis of late-phase neural progenitors revealed aberrant PAX6 binding with reduced promoter occupancy in DS cells. Together, these data indicate that impaired neurogenesis in DS is due to biphasic cell cycle dysregulation during the neurogenic stage of neurogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Long H. Do
- Department of Neuroscience, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Anwesha Ghosh
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | | | - Nishant Singhal
- National Centre for Cell Science, Pune, India
- *Correspondence: Nishant Singhal,
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Li Z, Klein JA, Rampam S, Kurzion R, Campbell NB, Patel Y, Haydar TF, Zeldich E. Asynchronous excitatory neuron development in an isogenic cortical spheroid model of Down syndrome. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:932384. [PMID: 36161168 PMCID: PMC9504873 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.932384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The intellectual disability (ID) in Down syndrome (DS) is thought to result from a variety of developmental deficits such as alterations in neural progenitor division, neurogenesis, gliogenesis, cortical architecture, and reduced cortical volume. However, the molecular processes underlying these neurodevelopmental changes are still elusive, preventing an understanding of the mechanistic basis of ID in DS. In this study, we used a pair of isogenic (trisomic and euploid) induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) lines to generate cortical spheroids (CS) that model the impact of trisomy 21 on brain development. Cortical spheroids contain neurons, astrocytes, and oligodendrocytes and they are widely used to approximate early neurodevelopment. Using single cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq), we uncovered cell type-specific transcriptomic changes in the trisomic CS. In particular, we found that excitatory neuron populations were most affected and that a specific population of cells with a transcriptomic profile resembling layer IV cortical neurons displayed the most profound divergence in developmental trajectory between trisomic and euploid genotypes. We also identified candidate genes potentially driving the developmental asynchrony between trisomic and euploid excitatory neurons. Direct comparison between the current isogenic CS scRNA-seq data and previously published datasets revealed several recurring differentially expressed genes between DS and control samples. Altogether, our study highlights the power and importance of cell type-specific analyses within a defined genetic background, coupled with broader examination of mixed samples, to comprehensively evaluate cellular phenotypes in the context of DS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Li
- Center for Neuroscience Research, Children’s National Hospital, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Jenny A. Klein
- Center for Neuroscience Research, Children’s National Hospital, Washington, DC, United States
- Graduate Program for Neuroscience, Boston University, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Sanjeev Rampam
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Ronni Kurzion
- Department of Chemistry, Boston University, Boston, MA, United States
| | | | - Yesha Patel
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Boston University, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, United States
| | - Tarik F. Haydar
- Center for Neuroscience Research, Children’s National Hospital, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Ella Zeldich
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Boston University, Boston, MA, United States
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Caldwell ALM, Sancho L, Deng J, Bosworth A, Miglietta A, Diedrich JK, Shokhirev MN, Allen NJ. Aberrant astrocyte protein secretion contributes to altered neuronal development in multiple models of neurodevelopmental disorders. Nat Neurosci 2022; 25:1163-1178. [PMID: 36042312 PMCID: PMC10395413 DOI: 10.1038/s41593-022-01150-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Astrocytes negatively impact neuronal development in many models of neurodevelopmental disorders (NDs); however, how they do this, and if mechanisms are shared across disorders, is not known. In this study, we developed a cell culture system to ask how astrocyte protein secretion and gene expression change in three mouse models of genetic NDs (Rett, Fragile X and Down syndromes). ND astrocytes increase release of Igfbp2, a secreted inhibitor of insulin-like growth factor (IGF). IGF rescues neuronal deficits in many NDs, and we found that blocking Igfbp2 partially rescues inhibitory effects of Rett syndrome astrocytes, suggesting that increased astrocyte Igfbp2 contributes to decreased IGF signaling in NDs. We identified that increased BMP signaling is upstream of protein secretion changes, including Igfbp2, and blocking BMP signaling in Fragile X and Rett syndrome astrocytes reverses inhibitory effects on neurite outgrowth. This work provides a resource of astrocyte-secreted proteins in health and ND models and identifies novel targets for intervention in diverse NDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison L M Caldwell
- Molecular Neurobiology Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Neurosciences Graduate Program, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Laura Sancho
- Molecular Neurobiology Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - James Deng
- Molecular Neurobiology Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Neurosciences Graduate Program, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Alexandra Bosworth
- Molecular Neurobiology Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Neurosciences Graduate Program, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Audrey Miglietta
- Molecular Neurobiology Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Jolene K Diedrich
- Mass Spectrometry Core, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Maxim N Shokhirev
- Razavi Newman Integrative Genomics and Bioinformatics Core, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Nicola J Allen
- Molecular Neurobiology Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA.
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Conan P, Léon A, Gourdel M, Rollet C, Chaïr L, Caroff N, Le Goux N, Le Jossic-Corcos C, Sinane M, Gentile L, Maillebouis L, Loaëc N, Martin J, Vilaire M, Corcos L, Mignen O, Croyal M, Voisset C, Bihel F, Friocourt G. Identification of 8-Hydroxyquinoline Derivatives That Decrease Cystathionine Beta Synthase (CBS) Activity. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23126769. [PMID: 35743210 PMCID: PMC9223588 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23126769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Revised: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
CBS encodes a pyridoxal 5′-phosphate-dependent enzyme that catalyses the condensation of homocysteine and serine to form cystathionine. Due to its implication in some cancers and in the cognitive pathophysiology of Down syndrome, the identification of pharmacological inhibitors of this enzyme is urgently required. However, thus far, attempts to identify such molecules have only led to the identification of compounds with low potency and limited selectivity. We consequently developed an original, yeast-based screening method that identified three FDA-approved drugs of the 8-hydroxyquinoline family: clioquinol, chloroxine and nitroxoline. These molecules reduce CBS enzymatic activity in different cellular models, proving that the molecular mechanisms involved in yeast phenotypic rescue are conserved in mammalian cells. A combination of genetic and chemical biology approaches also revealed the importance of copper and zinc intracellular levels in the regulation of CBS enzymatic activity—copper promoting CBS activity and zinc inhibiting its activity. Taken together, these results indicate that our effective screening approach identified three new potent CBS inhibitors and provides new findings for the regulation of CBS activity, which is crucial to develop new therapies for CBS-related human disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Conan
- Inserm, Université de Brest, EFS, UMR 1078, GGB, 29200 Brest, France; (P.C.); (A.L.); (C.R.); (L.C.); (N.C.); (C.L.J.-C.); (M.S.); (L.G.); (N.L.); (J.M.); (L.C.); (C.V.)
| | - Alice Léon
- Inserm, Université de Brest, EFS, UMR 1078, GGB, 29200 Brest, France; (P.C.); (A.L.); (C.R.); (L.C.); (N.C.); (C.L.J.-C.); (M.S.); (L.G.); (N.L.); (J.M.); (L.C.); (C.V.)
| | - Mathilde Gourdel
- Inserm, Université de Nantes, CHU Nantes, CNRS, L’Institut Du Thorax, 44000 Nantes, France; (M.G.); (M.C.)
- CRNH-Ouest Mass Spectrometry Core Facility, 44000 Nantes, France
| | - Claire Rollet
- Inserm, Université de Brest, EFS, UMR 1078, GGB, 29200 Brest, France; (P.C.); (A.L.); (C.R.); (L.C.); (N.C.); (C.L.J.-C.); (M.S.); (L.G.); (N.L.); (J.M.); (L.C.); (C.V.)
| | - Loubna Chaïr
- Inserm, Université de Brest, EFS, UMR 1078, GGB, 29200 Brest, France; (P.C.); (A.L.); (C.R.); (L.C.); (N.C.); (C.L.J.-C.); (M.S.); (L.G.); (N.L.); (J.M.); (L.C.); (C.V.)
| | - Noéline Caroff
- Inserm, Université de Brest, EFS, UMR 1078, GGB, 29200 Brest, France; (P.C.); (A.L.); (C.R.); (L.C.); (N.C.); (C.L.J.-C.); (M.S.); (L.G.); (N.L.); (J.M.); (L.C.); (C.V.)
| | - Nelig Le Goux
- Inserm U1227, Lymphocytes B, Autoimmunité et Immunothérapies, Université de Brest, 29200 Brest, France; (N.L.G.); (O.M.)
| | - Catherine Le Jossic-Corcos
- Inserm, Université de Brest, EFS, UMR 1078, GGB, 29200 Brest, France; (P.C.); (A.L.); (C.R.); (L.C.); (N.C.); (C.L.J.-C.); (M.S.); (L.G.); (N.L.); (J.M.); (L.C.); (C.V.)
| | - Maha Sinane
- Inserm, Université de Brest, EFS, UMR 1078, GGB, 29200 Brest, France; (P.C.); (A.L.); (C.R.); (L.C.); (N.C.); (C.L.J.-C.); (M.S.); (L.G.); (N.L.); (J.M.); (L.C.); (C.V.)
| | - Lucile Gentile
- Inserm, Université de Brest, EFS, UMR 1078, GGB, 29200 Brest, France; (P.C.); (A.L.); (C.R.); (L.C.); (N.C.); (C.L.J.-C.); (M.S.); (L.G.); (N.L.); (J.M.); (L.C.); (C.V.)
| | - Louise Maillebouis
- CRB-Biojel, Institut Jérôme Lejeune, 75015 Paris, France; (L.M.); (M.V.)
| | - Nadège Loaëc
- Inserm, Université de Brest, EFS, UMR 1078, GGB, 29200 Brest, France; (P.C.); (A.L.); (C.R.); (L.C.); (N.C.); (C.L.J.-C.); (M.S.); (L.G.); (N.L.); (J.M.); (L.C.); (C.V.)
| | - Jennifer Martin
- Inserm, Université de Brest, EFS, UMR 1078, GGB, 29200 Brest, France; (P.C.); (A.L.); (C.R.); (L.C.); (N.C.); (C.L.J.-C.); (M.S.); (L.G.); (N.L.); (J.M.); (L.C.); (C.V.)
| | - Marie Vilaire
- CRB-Biojel, Institut Jérôme Lejeune, 75015 Paris, France; (L.M.); (M.V.)
| | - Laurent Corcos
- Inserm, Université de Brest, EFS, UMR 1078, GGB, 29200 Brest, France; (P.C.); (A.L.); (C.R.); (L.C.); (N.C.); (C.L.J.-C.); (M.S.); (L.G.); (N.L.); (J.M.); (L.C.); (C.V.)
| | - Olivier Mignen
- Inserm U1227, Lymphocytes B, Autoimmunité et Immunothérapies, Université de Brest, 29200 Brest, France; (N.L.G.); (O.M.)
| | - Mikael Croyal
- Inserm, Université de Nantes, CHU Nantes, CNRS, L’Institut Du Thorax, 44000 Nantes, France; (M.G.); (M.C.)
- CRNH-Ouest Mass Spectrometry Core Facility, 44000 Nantes, France
- Inserm, Université de Nantes, CHU Nantes, CNRS, SFR Santé, Inserm UMS 016, CNRS UMS 3556, 44000 Nantes, France
| | - Cécile Voisset
- Inserm, Université de Brest, EFS, UMR 1078, GGB, 29200 Brest, France; (P.C.); (A.L.); (C.R.); (L.C.); (N.C.); (C.L.J.-C.); (M.S.); (L.G.); (N.L.); (J.M.); (L.C.); (C.V.)
| | - Frédéric Bihel
- Laboratoire d’Innovation Thérapeutique, LIT, UMR7200, IMS MEDALIS, Faculty of Pharmacy, CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, 67400 Illkirch, France;
| | - Gaëlle Friocourt
- Inserm, Université de Brest, EFS, UMR 1078, GGB, 29200 Brest, France; (P.C.); (A.L.); (C.R.); (L.C.); (N.C.); (C.L.J.-C.); (M.S.); (L.G.); (N.L.); (J.M.); (L.C.); (C.V.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +33-(0)2-98-01-83-87
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Ahmed MM, Wang ACJ, Elos M, Chial HJ, Sillau S, Solano DA, Coughlan C, Aghili L, Anton P, Markham N, Adame V, Gardiner KJ, Boyd TD, Potter H. The innate immune system stimulating cytokine GM-CSF improves learning/memory and interneuron and astrocyte brain pathology in Dp16 Down syndrome mice and improves learning/memory in wild-type mice. Neurobiol Dis 2022; 168:105694. [PMID: 35307513 PMCID: PMC9045510 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2022.105694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2021] [Revised: 03/05/2022] [Accepted: 03/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Down syndrome (DS) is characterized by chronic neuroinflammation, peripheral inflammation, astrogliosis, imbalanced excitatory/inhibitory neuronal function, and cognitive deficits in both humans and mouse models. Suppression of inflammation has been proposed as a therapeutic approach to treating DS co-morbidities, including intellectual disability (DS/ID). Conversely, we discovered previously that treatment with the innate immune system stimulating cytokine granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), which has both pro- and anti-inflammatory activities, improved cognition and reduced brain pathology in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease (AD), another inflammatory disorder, and improved cognition and reduced biomarkers of brain pathology in a phase II trial of humans with mild-to-moderate AD. To investigate the effects of GM-CSF treatment on DS/ID in the absence of AD, we assessed behavior and brain pathology in 12-14 month-old DS mice (Dp[16]1Yey) and their wild-type (WT) littermates, neither of which develop amyloid, and found that subcutaneous GM-CSF treatment (5 μg/day, five days/week, for five weeks) improved performance in the radial arm water maze in both Dp16 and WT mice compared to placebo. Dp16 mice also showed abnormal astrocyte morphology, increased percent area of GFAP staining in the hippocampus, clustering of astrocytes in the hippocampus, and reduced numbers of calretinin-positive interneurons in the entorhinal cortex and subiculum, and all of these brain pathologies were improved by GM-CSF treatment. These findings suggest that stimulating and/or modulating inflammation and the innate immune system with GM-CSF treatment may enhance cognition in both people with DS/ID and in the typical aging population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Mahiuddin Ahmed
- Department of Neurology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; University of Colorado Alzheimer's and Cognition Center, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; Linda Crnic Institute for Down Syndrome, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Athena Ching-Jung Wang
- Department of Neurology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; University of Colorado Alzheimer's and Cognition Center, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; Linda Crnic Institute for Down Syndrome, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Mihret Elos
- Department of Neurology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; University of Colorado Alzheimer's and Cognition Center, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; Linda Crnic Institute for Down Syndrome, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Heidi J Chial
- Department of Neurology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; University of Colorado Alzheimer's and Cognition Center, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; Linda Crnic Institute for Down Syndrome, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Stefan Sillau
- Department of Neurology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; University of Colorado Alzheimer's and Cognition Center, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - D Adriana Solano
- Department of Neurology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; University of Colorado Alzheimer's and Cognition Center, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; Linda Crnic Institute for Down Syndrome, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Christina Coughlan
- Department of Neurology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; University of Colorado Alzheimer's and Cognition Center, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; Linda Crnic Institute for Down Syndrome, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Leila Aghili
- Department of Neurology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; University of Colorado Alzheimer's and Cognition Center, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; Linda Crnic Institute for Down Syndrome, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Paige Anton
- Department of Neurology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; University of Colorado Alzheimer's and Cognition Center, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; Linda Crnic Institute for Down Syndrome, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Neil Markham
- Department of Neurology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; University of Colorado Alzheimer's and Cognition Center, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; Linda Crnic Institute for Down Syndrome, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Vanesa Adame
- Department of Neurology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; University of Colorado Alzheimer's and Cognition Center, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; Linda Crnic Institute for Down Syndrome, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Katheleen J Gardiner
- Linda Crnic Institute for Down Syndrome, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Timothy D Boyd
- University of Colorado Alzheimer's and Cognition Center, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Huntington Potter
- Department of Neurology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; University of Colorado Alzheimer's and Cognition Center, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; Linda Crnic Institute for Down Syndrome, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.
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Sawa M, Overk C, Becker A, Derse D, Albay R, Weldy K, Salehi A, Beach TG, Doran E, Head E, Yu YE, Mobley WC. Impact of increased APP gene dose in Down syndrome and the Dp16 mouse model. Alzheimers Dement 2022; 18:1203-1234. [PMID: 34757693 PMCID: PMC9085977 DOI: 10.1002/alz.12463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Revised: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION People with Down syndrome (DS) are predisposed to Alzheimer's disease (AD). The amyloid hypothesis informs studies of AD. In AD-DS, but not sporadic AD, increased APP copy number is necessary, defining the APP gene dose hypothesis. Which amyloid precursor protein (APP) products contribute needs to be determined. METHODS Brain levels of full-length protein (fl-hAPP), C-terminal fragments (hCTFs), and amyloid beta (Aβ) peptides were measured in DS, AD-DS, non-demented controls (ND), and sporadic AD cases. The APP gene-dose hypothesis was evaluated in the Dp16 model. RESULTS DS and AD-DS differed from ND and AD for all APP products. In AD-DS, Aβ42 and Aβ40 levels exceeded AD. APP products were increased in the Dp16 model; increased APP gene dose was necessary for loss of vulnerable neurons, tau pathology, and activation of astrocytes and microglia. DISCUSSION Increases in APP products other than Aβ distinguished AD-DS from AD. Deciphering AD-DS pathogenesis necessitates deciphering which APP products contribute and how.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariko Sawa
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0624
| | - Cassia Overk
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0624
| | - Ann Becker
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0624
| | - Dominique Derse
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0624
| | - Ricardo Albay
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0624
| | - Kim Weldy
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0624
| | - Ahmad Salehi
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305
| | - Thomas G. Beach
- Brain and Body Donation Program, Banner Sun Health Research Institute, Sun City, AZ 85351
| | - Eric Doran
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, Irvine, CA, 92697
| | - Elizabeth Head
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA, 92697
| | - Y. Eugene Yu
- The Children’s Guild Foundation Down Syndrome Research Program, Genetics and Genomics Program, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY 14263
| | - William C Mobley
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0624,Correspondence to: William Mobley M.D., Department of Neurosciences, UCSD School of Medicine, 9500 Gilman Drive, GPL 355, La Jolla, CA 92093-0624;
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Noll C, Kandiah J, Moroy G, Gu Y, Dairou J, Janel N. Catechins as a Potential Dietary Supplementation in Prevention of Comorbidities Linked with Down Syndrome. Nutrients 2022; 14:2039. [PMID: 35631180 PMCID: PMC9147372 DOI: 10.3390/nu14102039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2022] [Revised: 05/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant-derived polyphenols flavonoids are increasingly being recognized for their medicinal potential. These bioactive compounds derived from plants are gaining more interest in ameliorating adverse health risks because of their low toxicity and few side effects. Among them, therapeutic approaches demonstrated the efficacy of catechins, a major group of flavonoids, in reverting several aspects of Down syndrome, the most common genomic disorder that causes intellectual disability. Down syndrome is characterized by increased incidence of developing Alzheimer's disease, obesity, and subsequent metabolic disorders. In this focused review, we examine the main effects of catechins on comorbidities linked with Down syndrome. We also provide evidence of catechin effects on DYRK1A, a dosage-sensitive gene encoding a protein kinase involved in brain defects and metabolic disease associated with Down syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christophe Noll
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Centre de Recherche du CHUS, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1K 2R1, Canada;
| | - Janany Kandiah
- Unité de Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptative, UMR 8251 CNRS, Université Paris Cité, F-75013 Paris, France; (J.K.); (Y.G.)
| | - Gautier Moroy
- Unité de Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptative, INSERM CNRS, Université Paris Cité, F-75013 Paris, France;
| | - Yuchen Gu
- Unité de Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptative, UMR 8251 CNRS, Université Paris Cité, F-75013 Paris, France; (J.K.); (Y.G.)
| | - Julien Dairou
- Laboratoire de Chimie et Biochimie Pharmacologiques et Toxicologiques, UMR 8601 CNRS, Université Paris Cité, F-75006 Paris, France;
| | - Nathalie Janel
- Unité de Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptative, UMR 8251 CNRS, Université Paris Cité, F-75013 Paris, France; (J.K.); (Y.G.)
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Nurk S, Koren S, Rhie A, Rautiainen M, Bzikadze AV, Mikheenko A, Vollger MR, Altemose N, Uralsky L, Gershman A, Aganezov S, Hoyt SJ, Diekhans M, Logsdon GA, Alonge M, Antonarakis SE, Borchers M, Bouffard GG, Brooks SY, Caldas GV, Chen NC, Cheng H, Chin CS, Chow W, de Lima LG, Dishuck PC, Durbin R, Dvorkina T, Fiddes IT, Formenti G, Fulton RS, Fungtammasan A, Garrison E, Grady PG, Graves-Lindsay TA, Hall IM, Hansen NF, Hartley GA, Haukness M, Howe K, Hunkapiller MW, Jain C, Jain M, Jarvis ED, Kerpedjiev P, Kirsche M, Kolmogorov M, Korlach J, Kremitzki M, Li H, Maduro VV, Marschall T, McCartney AM, McDaniel J, Miller DE, Mullikin JC, Myers EW, Olson ND, Paten B, Peluso P, Pevzner PA, Porubsky D, Potapova T, Rogaev EI, Rosenfeld JA, Salzberg SL, Schneider VA, Sedlazeck FJ, Shafin K, Shew CJ, Shumate A, Sims Y, Smit AFA, Soto DC, Sović I, Storer JM, Streets A, Sullivan BA, Thibaud-Nissen F, Torrance J, Wagner J, Walenz BP, Wenger A, Wood JMD, Xiao C, Yan SM, Young AC, Zarate S, Surti U, McCoy RC, Dennis MY, Alexandrov IA, Gerton JL, O’Neill RJ, Timp W, Zook JM, Schatz MC, Eichler EE, Miga KH, Phillippy AM. The complete sequence of a human genome. Science 2022; 376:44-53. [PMID: 35357919 PMCID: PMC9186530 DOI: 10.1126/science.abj6987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1094] [Impact Index Per Article: 547.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Since its initial release in 2000, the human reference genome has covered only the euchromatic fraction of the genome, leaving important heterochromatic regions unfinished. Addressing the remaining 8% of the genome, the Telomere-to-Telomere (T2T) Consortium presents a complete 3.055 billion-base pair sequence of a human genome, T2T-CHM13, that includes gapless assemblies for all chromosomes except Y, corrects errors in the prior references, and introduces nearly 200 million base pairs of sequence containing 1956 gene predictions, 99 of which are predicted to be protein coding. The completed regions include all centromeric satellite arrays, recent segmental duplications, and the short arms of all five acrocentric chromosomes, unlocking these complex regions of the genome to variational and functional studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergey Nurk
- Genome Informatics Section, Computational and Statistical Genomics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health; Bethesda, MD USA
| | - Sergey Koren
- Genome Informatics Section, Computational and Statistical Genomics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health; Bethesda, MD USA
| | - Arang Rhie
- Genome Informatics Section, Computational and Statistical Genomics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health; Bethesda, MD USA
| | - Mikko Rautiainen
- Genome Informatics Section, Computational and Statistical Genomics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health; Bethesda, MD USA
| | - Andrey V. Bzikadze
- Graduate Program in Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, University of California, San Diego; La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Alla Mikheenko
- Center for Algorithmic Biotechnology, Institute of Translational Biomedicine, Saint Petersburg State University; Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Mitchell R. Vollger
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington School of Medicine; Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Nicolas Altemose
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley; Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Lev Uralsky
- Sirius University of Science and Technology; Sochi, Russia
- Vavilov Institute of General Genetics; Moscow, Russia
| | - Ariel Gershman
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Johns Hopkins University; Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Sergey Aganezov
- Department of Computer Science, Johns Hopkins University; Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Savannah J. Hoyt
- Institute for Systems Genomics and Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Connecticut; Storrs, CT, USA
| | - Mark Diekhans
- UC Santa Cruz Genomics Institute, University of California, Santa Cruz; Santa Cruz, CA, USA
| | - Glennis A. Logsdon
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington School of Medicine; Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Michael Alonge
- Department of Computer Science, Johns Hopkins University; Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | | | - Gerard G. Bouffard
- NIH Intramural Sequencing Center, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health; Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Shelise Y. Brooks
- NIH Intramural Sequencing Center, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health; Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Gina V. Caldas
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley; Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Nae-Chyun Chen
- Department of Computer Science, Johns Hopkins University; Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Haoyu Cheng
- Department of Data Sciences, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute; Boston, MA
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School; Boston, MA
| | | | | | | | - Philip C. Dishuck
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington School of Medicine; Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Richard Durbin
- Wellcome Sanger Institute; Cambridge, UK
- Department of Genetics, University of Cambridge; Cambridge, UK
| | - Tatiana Dvorkina
- Center for Algorithmic Biotechnology, Institute of Translational Biomedicine, Saint Petersburg State University; Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | | | - Giulio Formenti
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics of Language and The Vertebrate Genome Lab, The Rockefeller University; New York, NY, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute; Chevy Chase, MD, USA
| | - Robert S. Fulton
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine; St. Louis, MO, USA
| | | | - Erik Garrison
- UC Santa Cruz Genomics Institute, University of California, Santa Cruz; Santa Cruz, CA, USA
- University of Tennessee Health Science Center; Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Patrick G.S. Grady
- Institute for Systems Genomics and Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Connecticut; Storrs, CT, USA
| | | | - Ira M. Hall
- Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine; New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Nancy F. Hansen
- Comparative Genomics Analysis Unit, Cancer Genetics and Comparative Genomics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health; Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Gabrielle A. Hartley
- Institute for Systems Genomics and Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Connecticut; Storrs, CT, USA
| | - Marina Haukness
- UC Santa Cruz Genomics Institute, University of California, Santa Cruz; Santa Cruz, CA, USA
| | | | | | - Chirag Jain
- Genome Informatics Section, Computational and Statistical Genomics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health; Bethesda, MD USA
- Department of Computational and Data Sciences, Indian Institute of Science; Bangalore KA, India
| | - Miten Jain
- UC Santa Cruz Genomics Institute, University of California, Santa Cruz; Santa Cruz, CA, USA
| | - Erich D. Jarvis
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics of Language and The Vertebrate Genome Lab, The Rockefeller University; New York, NY, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute; Chevy Chase, MD, USA
| | | | - Melanie Kirsche
- Department of Computer Science, Johns Hopkins University; Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Mikhail Kolmogorov
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of California, San Diego; San Diego, CA, USA
| | | | - Milinn Kremitzki
- McDonnell Genome Institute, Washington University in St. Louis; St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Heng Li
- Department of Data Sciences, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute; Boston, MA
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School; Boston, MA
| | - Valerie V. Maduro
- Undiagnosed Diseases Program, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health; Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Tobias Marschall
- Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Medical Faculty, Institute for Medical Biometry and Bioinformatics; Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Ann M. McCartney
- Genome Informatics Section, Computational and Statistical Genomics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health; Bethesda, MD USA
| | - Jennifer McDaniel
- Biosystems and Biomaterials Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology; Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | - Danny E. Miller
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington School of Medicine; Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Genetic Medicine, University of Washington and Seattle Children’s Hospital; Seattle, WA, USA
| | - James C. Mullikin
- NIH Intramural Sequencing Center, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health; Bethesda, MD, USA
- Comparative Genomics Analysis Unit, Cancer Genetics and Comparative Genomics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health; Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Eugene W. Myers
- Max-Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics; Dresden, Germany
| | - Nathan D. Olson
- Biosystems and Biomaterials Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology; Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | - Benedict Paten
- UC Santa Cruz Genomics Institute, University of California, Santa Cruz; Santa Cruz, CA, USA
| | | | - Pavel A. Pevzner
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of California, San Diego; San Diego, CA, USA
| | - David Porubsky
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington School of Medicine; Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Tamara Potapova
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research; Kansas City, MO, USA
| | - Evgeny I. Rogaev
- Sirius University of Science and Technology; Sochi, Russia
- Vavilov Institute of General Genetics; Moscow, Russia
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Massachusetts Medical School; Worcester, MA, USA
- Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University; Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Steven L. Salzberg
- Department of Computer Science, Johns Hopkins University; Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University; Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Valerie A. Schneider
- National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health; Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Fritz J. Sedlazeck
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine; Houston TX, USA
| | - Kishwar Shafin
- UC Santa Cruz Genomics Institute, University of California, Santa Cruz; Santa Cruz, CA, USA
| | - Colin J. Shew
- Genome Center, MIND Institute, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of California, Davis; CA, USA
| | - Alaina Shumate
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University; Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Ying Sims
- Wellcome Sanger Institute; Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Daniela C. Soto
- Genome Center, MIND Institute, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of California, Davis; CA, USA
| | - Ivan Sović
- Pacific Biosciences; Menlo Park, CA, USA
- Digital BioLogic d.o.o.; Ivanić-Grad, Croatia
| | | | - Aaron Streets
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley; Berkeley, CA, USA
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub; San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Beth A. Sullivan
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University School of Medicine; Durham, NC, USA
| | - Françoise Thibaud-Nissen
- National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health; Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | - Justin Wagner
- Biosystems and Biomaterials Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology; Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | - Brian P. Walenz
- Genome Informatics Section, Computational and Statistical Genomics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health; Bethesda, MD USA
| | | | | | - Chunlin Xiao
- National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health; Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Stephanie M. Yan
- Department of Biology, Johns Hopkins University; Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Alice C. Young
- NIH Intramural Sequencing Center, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health; Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Samantha Zarate
- Department of Computer Science, Johns Hopkins University; Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Urvashi Surti
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh; Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Rajiv C. McCoy
- Department of Biology, Johns Hopkins University; Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Megan Y. Dennis
- Genome Center, MIND Institute, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of California, Davis; CA, USA
| | - Ivan A. Alexandrov
- Center for Algorithmic Biotechnology, Institute of Translational Biomedicine, Saint Petersburg State University; Saint Petersburg, Russia
- Vavilov Institute of General Genetics; Moscow, Russia
- Research Center of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences; Moscow, Russia
| | - Jennifer L. Gerton
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research; Kansas City, MO, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Kansas Medical School; Kansas City, MO, USA
| | - Rachel J. O’Neill
- Institute for Systems Genomics and Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Connecticut; Storrs, CT, USA
| | - Winston Timp
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Johns Hopkins University; Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University; Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Justin M. Zook
- Biosystems and Biomaterials Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology; Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | - Michael C. Schatz
- Department of Computer Science, Johns Hopkins University; Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Biology, Johns Hopkins University; Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Evan E. Eichler
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington School of Medicine; Seattle, WA, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute; Chevy Chase, MD, USA
| | - Karen H. Miga
- UC Santa Cruz Genomics Institute, University of California, Santa Cruz; Santa Cruz, CA, USA
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, University of California Santa Cruz, CA, USA
| | - Adam M. Phillippy
- Genome Informatics Section, Computational and Statistical Genomics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health; Bethesda, MD USA
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Llambrich S, González R, Albaigès J, Wouters J, Marain F, Himmelreich U, Sharpe J, Dierssen M, Gsell W, Martínez-Abadías N, Vande Velde G. Multimodal in vivo Imaging of the Integrated Postnatal Development of Brain and Skull and Its Co-modulation With Neurodevelopment in a Down Syndrome Mouse Model. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:815739. [PMID: 35223915 PMCID: PMC8874331 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.815739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The brain and skeletal systems are intimately integrated during development through common molecular pathways. This is evidenced by genetic disorders where brain and skull dysmorphologies are associated. However, the mechanisms underlying neural and skeletal interactions are poorly understood. Using the Ts65Dn mouse model of Down syndrome (DS) as a case example, we performed the first longitudinal assessment of brain, skull and neurobehavioral development to determine alterations in the coordinated morphogenesis of brain and skull. We optimized a multimodal protocol combining in vivo micro-computed tomography (μCT) and magnetic resonance imaging (μMRI) with morphometric analyses and neurodevelopmental tests to longitudinally monitor the different systems' development trajectories during the first postnatal weeks. We also explored the impact of a perinatal treatment with green tea extracts enriched in epigallocatechin-3-gallate (GTE-EGCG), which can modulate cognition, brain and craniofacial development in DS. Our analyses quantified alterations associated with DS, with skull dysmorphologies appearing before brain anomalies, reduced integration and delayed acquisition of neurodevelopmental traits. Perinatal GTE-EGCG induced disparate effects and disrupted the magnitude of integration and covariation patterns between brain and skull. Our results exemplify how a longitudinal research approach evaluating the development of multiple systems can reveal the effect of morphological integration modulating the response of pathological phenotypes to treatment, furthering our understanding of complex genetic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergi Llambrich
- Biomedical MRI, Department of Imaging and Pathology, KU Leuven, Flanders, Belgium
| | - Rubèn González
- Grup de Recerca en Antropologia Biológica (GREAB), Department of Biologia Evolutiva, Ecologia i Ciències Ambientals (BEECA), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Center for Genomic Regulation, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Julia Albaigès
- Center for Genomic Regulation, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jens Wouters
- Biomedical MRI, Department of Imaging and Pathology, KU Leuven, Flanders, Belgium
| | - Fopke Marain
- Biomedical MRI, Department of Imaging and Pathology, KU Leuven, Flanders, Belgium
| | - Uwe Himmelreich
- Biomedical MRI, Department of Imaging and Pathology, KU Leuven, Flanders, Belgium
| | - James Sharpe
- Center for Genomic Regulation, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
- Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats, Barcelona, Spain
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL) Barcelona, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mara Dierssen
- Center for Genomic Regulation, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Willy Gsell
- Biomedical MRI, Department of Imaging and Pathology, KU Leuven, Flanders, Belgium
| | - Neus Martínez-Abadías
- Grup de Recerca en Antropologia Biológica (GREAB), Department of Biologia Evolutiva, Ecologia i Ciències Ambientals (BEECA), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Center for Genomic Regulation, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL) Barcelona, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Barcelona, Spain
- *Correspondence: Neus Martínez-Abadías
| | - Greetje Vande Velde
- Biomedical MRI, Department of Imaging and Pathology, KU Leuven, Flanders, Belgium
- Greetje Vande Velde
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38
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Di Franco N, Drutel G, Roullot-Lacarrière V, Julio-Kalajzic F, Lalanne V, Grel A, Leste-Lasserre T, Matias I, Cannich A, Gonzales D, Simon V, Cota D, Marsicano G, Piazza PV, Vallée M, Revest JM. Differential expression of the neuronal CB1 cannabinoid receptor in the hippocampus of male Ts65Dn Down syndrome mouse model. Mol Cell Neurosci 2022; 119:103705. [PMID: 35158060 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcn.2022.103705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Revised: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Down syndrome (DS) or Trisomy 21 is the most common genetic cause of mental retardation with severe learning and memory deficits. DS is due to the complete or partial triplication of human chromosome 21 (HSA21) triggering gene overexpression and protein synthesis alterations responsible for a plethora of mental and physical phenotypes. Among the diverse brain target systems that affect hippocampal-dependent learning and memory deficit impairments in DS, the upregulation of the endocannabinoid system (ECS), and notably the overexpression of the cannabinoid type-1 receptor (CB1), seems to play a major role. Combining various protein and gene expression targeted approaches using western blot, qRT-PCR and FISH techniques, we investigated the expression pattern of ECS components in the hippocampus (HPC) of male Ts65Dn mice. Among all the molecules that constitute the ECS, we found that the expression of the CB1 is altered in the HPC of Ts65Dn mice. CB1 distribution is differentially segregated between the dorsal and ventral part of the HPC and within the different cell populations that compose the HPC. CB1 expression is upregulated in GABAergic neurons of Ts65Dn mice whereas it is downregulated in glutamatergic neurons. These results highlight a complex regulation of the CB1 encoding gene (Cnr1) in Ts65Dn mice that could open new therapeutic solutions for this syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Di Franco
- Univ. Bordeaux, INSERM, Neurocentre Magendie, U1215, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Guillaume Drutel
- Univ. Bordeaux, INSERM, Neurocentre Magendie, U1215, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
| | | | | | - Valérie Lalanne
- Univ. Bordeaux, INSERM, Neurocentre Magendie, U1215, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Agnès Grel
- Univ. Bordeaux, INSERM, Neurocentre Magendie, U1215, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
| | | | - Isabelle Matias
- Univ. Bordeaux, INSERM, Neurocentre Magendie, U1215, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Astrid Cannich
- Univ. Bordeaux, INSERM, Neurocentre Magendie, U1215, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Delphine Gonzales
- Univ. Bordeaux, INSERM, Neurocentre Magendie, U1215, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Vincent Simon
- Univ. Bordeaux, INSERM, Neurocentre Magendie, U1215, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Daniela Cota
- Univ. Bordeaux, INSERM, Neurocentre Magendie, U1215, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Giovanni Marsicano
- Univ. Bordeaux, INSERM, Neurocentre Magendie, U1215, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
| | | | - Monique Vallée
- Univ. Bordeaux, INSERM, Neurocentre Magendie, U1215, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Jean-Michel Revest
- Univ. Bordeaux, INSERM, Neurocentre Magendie, U1215, F-33000 Bordeaux, France.
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Kazuki Y, Gao FJ, Yamakawa M, Hirabayashi M, Kazuki K, Kajitani N, Miyagawa-Tomita S, Abe S, Sanbo M, Hara H, Kuniishi H, Ichisaka S, Hata Y, Koshima M, Takayama H, Takehara S, Nakayama Y, Hiratsuka M, Iida Y, Matsukura S, Noda N, Li Y, Moyer AJ, Cheng B, Singh N, Richtsmeier JT, Oshimura M, Reeves RH. A transchromosomic rat model with human chromosome 21 shows robust Down syndrome features. Am J Hum Genet 2022; 109:328-344. [PMID: 35077668 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2021.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Progress in earlier detection and clinical management has increased life expectancy and quality of life in people with Down syndrome (DS). However, no drug has been approved to help individuals with DS live independently and fully. Although rat models could support more robust physiological, behavioral, and toxicology analysis than mouse models during preclinical validation, no DS rat model is available as a result of technical challenges. We developed a transchromosomic rat model of DS, TcHSA21rat, which contains a freely segregating, EGFP-inserted, human chromosome 21 (HSA21) with >93% of its protein-coding genes. RNA-seq of neonatal forebrains demonstrates that TcHSA21rat expresses HSA21 genes and has an imbalance in global gene expression. Using EGFP as a marker for trisomic cells, flow cytometry analyses of peripheral blood cells from 361 adult TcHSA21rat animals show that 81% of animals retain HSA21 in >80% of cells, the criterion for a "Down syndrome karyotype" in people. TcHSA21rat exhibits learning and memory deficits and shows increased anxiety and hyperactivity. TcHSA21rat recapitulates well-characterized DS brain morphology, including smaller brain volume and reduced cerebellar size. In addition, the rat model shows reduced cerebellar foliation, which is not observed in DS mouse models. Moreover, TcHSA21rat exhibits anomalies in craniofacial morphology, heart development, husbandry, and stature. TcHSA21rat is a robust DS animal model that can facilitate DS basic research and provide a unique tool for preclinical validation to accelerate DS drug development.
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40
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Abstract
Persons with Down syndrome (DS) have an increased reported incidence of pulmonary hypertension (PH). A majority of those with PH have associations with congenital heart disease (CHD) or persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn (PPHN); however, there are likely multifactorial contributions that include respiratory comorbidities. PH appears to be most commonly identified early in life, although respiratory challenges may contribute to a later diagnosis or even a recurrence of previously resolved PH in this population. Currently there are few large-scale, prospective, lifetime cohort studies detailing the impact PH has on the population with DS. This review will attempt to summarize the epidemiology and characteristics of PH in this population. This article will additionally review current known and probable risk factors for developing PH, review pathophysiologic mechanisms of disease in the population with DS, and evaluate current screening and management recommendations while suggesting areas for additional or ongoing clinical, translational, and basic science research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas S Bush
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pulmonology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, Box 1202B, New York, NY, 10029, USA.
| | - D Dunbar Ivy
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Cardiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
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41
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Stensen W, Rothweiler U, Engh RA, Stasko MR, Bederman I, Costa ACS, Fugelli A, Svendsen JSM. Novel DYRK1A Inhibitor Rescues Learning and Memory Deficits in a Mouse Model of Down Syndrome. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14111170. [PMID: 34832952 PMCID: PMC8617627 DOI: 10.3390/ph14111170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Revised: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Down syndrome (DS) is a complex genetic disorder associated with substantial physical, cognitive, and behavioral challenges. Due to better treatment options for the physical co-morbidities of DS, the life expectancy of individuals with DS is beginning to approach that of the general population. However, the cognitive deficits seen in individuals with DS still cannot be addressed pharmacologically. In young individuals with DS, the level of intellectual disability varies from mild to severe, but cognitive ability generally decreases with increasing age, and all individuals with DS have early onset Alzheimer’s disease (AD) pathology by the age of 40. The present study introduces a novel inhibitor for the protein kinase DYRK1A, a key controlling kinase whose encoding gene is located on chromosome 21. The novel inhibitor is well characterized for use in mouse models and thus represents a valuable tool compound for further DYRK1A research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenche Stensen
- Department of Chemistry, UiT, The Arctic University of Norway, 9037 Tromsø, Norway; (W.S.); (U.R.); (R.A.E.)
- Pharmasum Therapeutics AS, Gaustadalleen 21, 0349 Oslo, Norway;
| | - Ulli Rothweiler
- Department of Chemistry, UiT, The Arctic University of Norway, 9037 Tromsø, Norway; (W.S.); (U.R.); (R.A.E.)
- Pharmasum Therapeutics AS, Gaustadalleen 21, 0349 Oslo, Norway;
| | - Richard Alan Engh
- Department of Chemistry, UiT, The Arctic University of Norway, 9037 Tromsø, Norway; (W.S.); (U.R.); (R.A.E.)
| | - Melissa R. Stasko
- Departments of Pediatrics, Psychiatry, Macromolecular Science and Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, 11100 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; (M.R.S.); (I.B.); (A.C.S.C.)
| | - Ilya Bederman
- Departments of Pediatrics, Psychiatry, Macromolecular Science and Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, 11100 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; (M.R.S.); (I.B.); (A.C.S.C.)
| | - Alberto C. S. Costa
- Departments of Pediatrics, Psychiatry, Macromolecular Science and Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, 11100 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; (M.R.S.); (I.B.); (A.C.S.C.)
| | - Anders Fugelli
- Pharmasum Therapeutics AS, Gaustadalleen 21, 0349 Oslo, Norway;
| | - John S. Mjøen Svendsen
- Department of Chemistry, UiT, The Arctic University of Norway, 9037 Tromsø, Norway; (W.S.); (U.R.); (R.A.E.)
- Pharmasum Therapeutics AS, Gaustadalleen 21, 0349 Oslo, Norway;
- Correspondence:
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Minter R, Gardiner KJ. Trisomy of Human Chromosome 21 Orthologs Mapping to Mouse Chromosome 10 Cause Age and Sex-Specific Learning Differences: Relevance to Down Syndrome. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:1697. [PMID: 34828303 PMCID: PMC8618694 DOI: 10.3390/genes12111697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Revised: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Down syndrome (DS), trisomy of human chromosome 21 (Hsa21), is the most common genetic cause of intellectual disability. The Dp10(1)Yey (Dp10) is a mouse model of DS that is trisomic for orthologs of 25% of the Hsa21 protein-coding genes, the entirety of the Hsa21 syntenic region on mouse chromosome 10. Trisomic genes include several involved in brain development and function, two that modify and regulate the activities of sex hormones, and two that produce sex-specific phenotypes as null mutants. These last four are the only Hsa21 genes with known sexually dimorphic properties. Relatively little is known about the potential contributions to the DS phenotype of segmental trisomy of Mmu10 orthologs. Here, we have tested separate cohorts of female and male Dp10 mice, at 3 and 9 months of age, in an open field elevated zero maze, rotarod, and balance beam, plus the learning and memory tasks, spontaneous alternation, puzzle box, double-H maze, context fear conditioning, and acoustic startle/prepulse inhibition, that depend upon the function of the prefrontal cortex, striatum, hippocampus, and cerebellum. We show that there are age and sex-specific differences in strengths and weaknesses, suggesting that genes within the telomere proximal region of Hsa21 influence the DS phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ross Minter
- Linda Crnic Institute for Down Syndrome, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA;
| | - Katheleen J. Gardiner
- Linda Crnic Institute for Down Syndrome, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA;
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
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Ahmed MM, Block A, Busquet N, Gardiner KJ. Context Fear Conditioning in Down Syndrome Mouse Models: Effects of Trisomic Gene Content, Age, Sex and Genetic Background. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12101528. [PMID: 34680922 PMCID: PMC8535510 DOI: 10.3390/genes12101528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Revised: 09/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Down syndrome (DS), trisomy of the long arm of human chromosome 21 (Hsa21), is the most common genetic cause of intellectual disability (ID). Currently, there are no effective pharmacotherapies. The success of clinical trials to improve cognition depends in part on the design of preclinical evaluations in mouse models. To broaden understanding of the common limitations of experiments in learning and memory, we report performance in context fear conditioning (CFC) in three mouse models of DS, the Dp(16)1Yey, Dp(17)1Yey and Dp(10)1Yey (abbreviated Dp16, Dp17 and Dp10), separately trisomic for the human Hsa21 orthologs mapping to mouse chromosomes 16, 17 and 10, respectively. We examined female and male mice of the three lines on the standard C57BL/6J background at 3 months of age and Dp17 and Dp10 at 18 months of age. We also examined female and male mice of Dp17 and Dp10 at 3 months of age as F1 hybrids obtained from a cross with the DBA/2J background. Results indicate that genotype, sex, age and genetic background affect CFC performance. These data support the need to use both female and male mice, trisomy of sets of all Hsa21 orthologs, and additional ages and genetic backgrounds to improve the reliability of preclinical evaluations of drugs for ID in DS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md. Mahiuddin Ahmed
- Department of Neurology, Linda Crnic Institute for Down Syndrome, University of Colorado Alzheimer’s and Cognition Center, Aurora, CO 80045, USA;
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA;
| | - Aaron Block
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA;
| | - Nicolas Busquet
- Department of Neurology, Animal Behavior and In Vivo Neurophysiology Core, NeuroTechnology Center, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA;
| | - Katheleen J. Gardiner
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA;
- Correspondence:
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Consorti A, Di Marco I, Sansevero G. Physical Exercise Modulates Brain Physiology Through a Network of Long- and Short-Range Cellular Interactions. Front Mol Neurosci 2021; 14:710303. [PMID: 34489641 PMCID: PMC8417110 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2021.710303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In the last decades, the effects of sedentary lifestyles have emerged as a critical aspect of modern society. Interestingly, recent evidence demonstrated that physical exercise plays an important role not only in maintaining peripheral health but also in the regulation of central nervous system function. Many studies have shown that physical exercise promotes the release of molecules, involved in neuronal survival, differentiation, plasticity and neurogenesis, from several peripheral organs. Thus, aerobic exercise has emerged as an intriguing tool that, on one hand, could serve as a therapeutic protocol for diseases of the nervous system, and on the other hand, could help to unravel potential molecular targets for pharmacological approaches. In the present review, we will summarize the cellular interactions that mediate the effects of physical exercise on brain health, starting from the factors released in myocytes during muscle contraction to the cellular pathways that regulate higher cognitive functions, in both health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan Consorti
- Neuroscience Institute, National Research Council (CNR), Pisa, Italy
- NEUROFARBA, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
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Li Y, Xing Z, Yu T, Pao A, Daadi M, Yu YE. Coat Color-Facilitated Efficient Generation and Analysis of a Mouse Model of Down Syndrome Triplicated for All Human Chromosome 21 Orthologous Regions. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12081215. [PMID: 34440389 PMCID: PMC8393392 DOI: 10.3390/genes12081215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Revised: 07/31/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Down syndrome (DS) is one of the most complex genetic disorders in humans and a leading genetic cause of developmental delays and intellectual disabilities. The mouse remains an essential model organism in DS research because human chromosome 21 (Hsa21) is orthologously conserved with three regions in the mouse genome. Recent studies have revealed complex interactions among different triplicated genomic regions and Hsa21 gene orthologs that underlie major DS phenotypes. Because we do not know conclusively which triplicated genes are indispensable in such interactions for a specific phenotype, it is desirable that all evolutionarily conserved Hsa21 gene orthologs are triplicated in a complete model. For this reason, the Dp(10)1Yey/+;Dp(16)1Yey/+;Dp(17)1Yey/+ mouse is the most complete model of DS to reflect gene dosage effects because it is the only mutant triplicated for all Hsa21 orthologous regions. Recently, several groups have expressed concerns that efforts needed to generate the triple compound model would be so overwhelming that it may be impractical to take advantage of its unique strength. To alleviate these concerns, we developed a strategy to drastically improve the efficiency of generating the triple compound model with the aid of a targeted coat color, and the results confirmed that the mutant mice generated via this approach exhibited cognitive deficits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yichen Li
- The Children’s Guild Foundation Down Syndrome Research Program, Genetics and Genomics Program and Department of Cancer Genetics and Genomics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA; (Y.L.); (Z.X.); (T.Y.); (A.P.)
| | - Zhuo Xing
- The Children’s Guild Foundation Down Syndrome Research Program, Genetics and Genomics Program and Department of Cancer Genetics and Genomics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA; (Y.L.); (Z.X.); (T.Y.); (A.P.)
| | - Tao Yu
- The Children’s Guild Foundation Down Syndrome Research Program, Genetics and Genomics Program and Department of Cancer Genetics and Genomics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA; (Y.L.); (Z.X.); (T.Y.); (A.P.)
| | - Annie Pao
- The Children’s Guild Foundation Down Syndrome Research Program, Genetics and Genomics Program and Department of Cancer Genetics and Genomics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA; (Y.L.); (Z.X.); (T.Y.); (A.P.)
| | - Marcel Daadi
- Regenerative Medicine and Aging Unit, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, Long School of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78245, USA;
| | - Y. Eugene Yu
- The Children’s Guild Foundation Down Syndrome Research Program, Genetics and Genomics Program and Department of Cancer Genetics and Genomics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA; (Y.L.); (Z.X.); (T.Y.); (A.P.)
- Genetics, Genomics and Bioinformatics Program, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA
- Correspondence:
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46
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Illouz T, Madar R, Hirsh T, Biragyn A, Okun E. Induction of an effective anti-Amyloid-β humoral response in aged mice. Vaccine 2021; 39:4817-4829. [PMID: 34294479 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2021.07.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Revised: 06/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Aging-related decline in immune functions, termed immunosenescence, is a primary cause of reduced protective responses to vaccines in the elderly, due to impaired induction of cellular and humoral responses to new antigens (Ag), especially if the response is T cell dependent. The result is a more severe morbidity following infections, more prolonged and frequent hospitalization, and a higher mortality rate than in the general population. Therefore, there is an increasing need to develop vaccination strategies that overcome immunosenescence, especially for aging-related diseases such as Alzheimer's disease (AD). Here we report a new vaccination strategy harnessing memory-based immunity, which is less affected by aging. We found that aged C57BL/6 and 5xFAD mice exhibit a dramatic reduction in anti-Amyloid-β (Aβ) antibody (Ab) production. We aimed to reverse this process by inducing memory response at a young age. To this end, young mice were primed with the vaccine carrier Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg). At an advanced age, these mice were immunized with an Aβ1-11 fused to HBsAg. This vaccination scheme elicited a markedly higher Aβ-specific antibody titer than vaccinating aged unprimed mice with the same construct. Importantly, this vaccine strategy more efficiently reduced cerebral Aβ levels and altered microglial phenotype. Overall, we provide evidence that priming with an exogenous Ag carrier can overcome impaired humoral responses to self-antigens in the elderly, paving the route for a potent immunotherapy to AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomer Illouz
- The Leslie and Susan Gonda Multidisciplinary Brain Research Center, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan 5290002, Israel; The Paul Feder Laboratory on Alzheimer's Disease Research, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan 5290002, Israel
| | - Ravit Madar
- The Leslie and Susan Gonda Multidisciplinary Brain Research Center, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan 5290002, Israel; The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan 5290002, Israel; The Paul Feder Laboratory on Alzheimer's Disease Research, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan 5290002, Israel
| | - Tamir Hirsh
- The Leslie and Susan Gonda Multidisciplinary Brain Research Center, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan 5290002, Israel; The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan 5290002, Israel; The Paul Feder Laboratory on Alzheimer's Disease Research, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan 5290002, Israel
| | - Arya Biragyn
- Immunoregulation Section, Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Immunology, NIA, NIH, MD 21224, USA
| | - Eitan Okun
- The Leslie and Susan Gonda Multidisciplinary Brain Research Center, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan 5290002, Israel; The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan 5290002, Israel; The Paul Feder Laboratory on Alzheimer's Disease Research, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan 5290002, Israel.
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47
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Alldred MJ, Penikalapati SC, Lee SH, Heguy A, Roussos P, Ginsberg SD. Profiling Basal Forebrain Cholinergic Neurons Reveals a Molecular Basis for Vulnerability Within the Ts65Dn Model of Down Syndrome and Alzheimer's Disease. Mol Neurobiol 2021; 58:5141-5162. [PMID: 34263425 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-021-02453-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Basal forebrain cholinergic neuron (BFCN) degeneration is a hallmark of Down syndrome (DS) and Alzheimer's disease (AD). Current therapeutics have been unsuccessful in slowing disease progression, likely due to complex pathological interactions and dysregulated pathways that are poorly understood. The Ts65Dn trisomic mouse model recapitulates both cognitive and morphological deficits of DS and AD, including BFCN degeneration. We utilized Ts65Dn mice to understand mechanisms underlying BFCN degeneration to identify novel targets for therapeutic intervention. We performed high-throughput, single population RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) to interrogate transcriptomic changes within medial septal nucleus (MSN) BFCNs, using laser capture microdissection to individually isolate ~500 choline acetyltransferase-immunopositive neurons in Ts65Dn and normal disomic (2N) mice at 6 months of age (MO). Ts65Dn mice had unique MSN BFCN transcriptomic profiles at ~6 MO clearly differentiating them from 2N mice. Leveraging Ingenuity Pathway Analysis and KEGG analysis, we linked differentially expressed gene (DEG) changes within MSN BFCNs to several canonical pathways and aberrant physiological functions. The dysregulated transcriptomic profile of trisomic BFCNs provides key information underscoring selective vulnerability within the septohippocampal circuit. We propose both expected and novel therapeutic targets for DS and AD, including specific DEGs within cholinergic, glutamatergic, GABAergic, and neurotrophin pathways, as well as select targets for repairing oxidative phosphorylation status in neurons. We demonstrate and validate this interrogative quantitative bioinformatic analysis of a key dysregulated neuronal population linking single population transcript changes to an established pathological hallmark associated with cognitive decline for therapeutic development in human DS and AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa J Alldred
- Center for Dementia Research, Nathan Kline Institute, 140 Old Orangeburg Road, Orangeburg, NY, 10962, USA.,Departments of Psychiatry, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sai C Penikalapati
- Center for Dementia Research, Nathan Kline Institute, 140 Old Orangeburg Road, Orangeburg, NY, 10962, USA
| | - Sang Han Lee
- Center for Biomedical Imaging and Neuromodulation, Nathan Kline Institute, Orangeburg, NY, USA
| | - Adriana Heguy
- Genome Technology Center, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Panos Roussos
- Center for Dementia Research, Nathan Kline Institute, 140 Old Orangeburg Road, Orangeburg, NY, 10962, USA.,Departments of Genetics and Genomic Sciences and Psychiatry and the Institute for Data Science and Genomic Technology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Stephen D Ginsberg
- Center for Dementia Research, Nathan Kline Institute, 140 Old Orangeburg Road, Orangeburg, NY, 10962, USA. .,Departments of Psychiatry, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA. .,Neuroscience & Physiology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA. .,NYU Neuroscience Institute, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
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48
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Abstract
PURPOSE Down syndrome (DS) is caused by trisomy 21 (Ts21) and results in skeletal deficits including shortened stature, low bone mineral density, and a predisposition to early onset osteoporosis. Ts21 causes significant alterations in skeletal development, morphology of the appendicular skeleton, bone homeostasis, age-related bone loss, and bone strength. However, the genetic or cellular origins of DS skeletal phenotypes remain unclear. RECENT FINDINGS New studies reveal a sexual dimorphism in characteristics and onset of skeletal deficits that differ between DS and typically developing individuals. Age-related bone loss occurs earlier in the DS as compared to general population. Perturbations of DS skeletal quality arise from alterations in cellular and molecular pathways affected by the overexpression of trisomic genes. Sex-specific alterations occur in critical developmental pathways that disrupt bone accrual, remodeling, and homeostasis and are compounded by aging, resulting in increased risks for osteopenia, osteoporosis, and fracture in individuals with DS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jared R Thomas
- Department of Biology, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, 723 West Michigan Street, SL 306, Indianapolis, IN, 46202-3275, USA
| | - Randall J Roper
- Department of Biology, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, 723 West Michigan Street, SL 306, Indianapolis, IN, 46202-3275, USA.
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Vidal V, Puente A, García-Cerro S, García Unzueta MT, Rueda N, Riancho J, Martínez-Cué C. Bexarotene Impairs Cognition and Produces Hypothyroidism in a Mouse Model of Down Syndrome and Alzheimer's Disease. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:613211. [PMID: 33935706 PMCID: PMC8082148 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.613211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
All individuals with Down syndrome (DS) eventually develop Alzheimer's disease (AD) neuropathology, including neurodegeneration, increases in β-amyloid (Aβ) expression, and aggregation and neurofibrillary tangles, between the third and fourth decade of their lives. There is currently no effective treatment to prevent AD neuropathology and the associated cognitive degeneration in DS patients. Due to evidence that the accumulation of Aβ aggregates in the brain produces the neurodegenerative cascade characteristic of AD, many strategies which promote the clearance of Aβ peptides have been assessed as potential therapeutics for this disease. Bexarotene, a member of a subclass of retinoids that selectively activates retinoid receptors, modulates several pathways essential for cognitive performance and Aβ clearance. Consequently, bexarotene might be a good candidate to treat AD-associated neuropathology. However, the effects of bexarotene treatment in AD remain controversial. In the present study, we aimed to elucidate whether chronic bexarotene treatment administered to the most commonly used murine model of DS, the Ts65Dn (TS) mouse could reduce Aβ expression in their brains and improve their cognitive abilities. Chronic administration of bexarotene to aged TS mice and their CO littermates for 9 weeks diminished the reference, working, and spatial learning and memory of TS mice, and the spatial memory of CO mice in the Morris water maze. This treatment also produced marked hypoactivity in the plus maze, open field, and hole board tests in TS mice, and in the open field and hole board tests in CO mice. Administration of bexarotene reduced the expression of Aβ1-40, but not of Aβ1-42, in the hippocampi of TS mice. Finally, bexarotene increased Thyroid-stimulating hormone levels in TS mice and reduced Thyroid-stimulating hormone levels in CO mice, while animals of both karyotypes displayed reduced thyroxine levels after bexarotene administration. The bexarotene-induced hypothyroidism could be responsible for the hypoactivity of TS and CO mice and their diminished performance in the Morris water maze. Together, these results do not provide support for the use of bexarotene as a potential treatment of AD neuropathology in the DS population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verónica Vidal
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cantabria, Santander, Spain
| | - Alba Puente
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cantabria, Santander, Spain
| | - Susana García-Cerro
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cantabria, Santander, Spain.,CIBERSAM, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Noemí Rueda
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cantabria, Santander, Spain
| | - Javier Riancho
- Neurology Service, Hospital Sierrallana-IDIVAL, Torrelavega, Spain.,Department of Medicine and Psychiatry, University of Cantabria, Santander, Spain.,CIBERNED, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carmen Martínez-Cué
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cantabria, Santander, Spain
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50
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Hendrix JA, Amon A, Abbeduto L, Agiovlasitis S, Alsaied T, Anderson HA, Bain LJ, Baumer N, Bhattacharyya A, Bogunovic D, Botteron KN, Capone G, Chandan P, Chase I, Chicoine B, Cieuta-Walti C, DeRuisseau LR, Durand S, Esbensen A, Fortea J, Giménez S, Granholm AC, Hahn LJ, Head E, Hillerstrom H, Jacola LM, Janicki MP, Jasien JM, Kamer AR, Kent RD, Khor B, Lawrence JB, Lemonnier C, Lewanda AF, Mobley W, Moore PE, Nelson LP, Oreskovic NM, Osorio RS, Patterson D, Rasmussen SA, Reeves RH, Roizen N, Santoro S, Sherman SL, Talib N, Tapia IE, Walsh KM, Warren SF, White AN, Wong GW, Yi JS. Opportunities, barriers, and recommendations in down syndrome research. TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE OF RARE DISEASES 2021; 5:99-129. [PMID: 34268067 PMCID: PMC8279178 DOI: 10.3233/trd-200090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent advances in medical care have increased life expectancy and improved the quality of life for people with Down syndrome (DS). These advances are the result of both pre-clinical and clinical research but much about DS is still poorly understood. In 2020, the NIH announced their plan to update their DS research plan and requested input from the scientific and advocacy community. OBJECTIVE The National Down Syndrome Society (NDSS) and the LuMind IDSC Foundation worked together with scientific and medical experts to develop recommendations for the NIH research plan. METHODS NDSS and LuMind IDSC assembled over 50 experts across multiple disciplines and organized them in eleven working groups focused on specific issues for people with DS. RESULTS This review article summarizes the research gaps and recommendations that have the potential to improve the health and quality of life for people with DS within the next decade. CONCLUSIONS This review highlights many of the scientific gaps that exist in DS research. Based on these gaps, a multidisciplinary group of DS experts has made recommendations to advance DS research. This paper may also aid policymakers and the DS community to build a comprehensive national DS research strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Angelika Amon
- Deceased. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA; Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD, USA
| | - Leonard Abbeduto
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA, USA; MIND Institute, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | | | - Tarek Alsaied
- Heart Institute Department of Pediatrics Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | | | | | - Nicole Baumer
- Department of Neurology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Down Syndrome Program, Developmental Medicine Center, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Anita Bhattacharyya
- Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Dusan Bogunovic
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mt. Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mt. Sinai, New York, NY; Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mt. Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Mindich Child Health and Development Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mt. Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Kelly N. Botteron
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA; Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | | | - Priya Chandan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Division of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Isabelle Chase
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Brian Chicoine
- Advocate Medical Group Adult Down Syndrome Center, Park Ridge, IL, USA
| | | | | | | | - Anna Esbensen
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine & Division of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Juan Fortea
- Barcelona Down Medical Center, Fundació Catalana de Síndrome de Down, Barcelona, Spain; Sant Pau Memory Unit, Department of Neurology, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Center of Biomedical Investigation Network for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sandra Giménez
- Multidisciplinary Sleep Unit, Respiratory Department, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ann-Charlotte Granholm
- Knoebel Institute for Healthy Aging, University of Denver, Denver, CO, USA
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society (NVS), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Laura J. Hahn
- Department of Speech and Hearing Science, University of Illinois Urbana Champaign, Champaign, IL, USA
| | - Elizabeth Head
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, UC Irvine School of Medicine, Orange, CA, USA
| | | | - Lisa M. Jacola
- Department of Psychology, St Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | | | - Joan M. Jasien
- Division of Pediatric Neurology, Duke University Health System, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Angela R. Kamer
- Department of Periodontology and Implant Dentistry, New York University, College of Dentistry, New York, NY, USA
| | - Raymond D. Kent
- Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Bernard Khor
- Benaroy Research Institute at Virginia Mason, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Jeanne B. Lawrence
- Department of Neurology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | | | - Amy Feldman Lewanda
- Children s National Rare Disease Institute, Children’s National Health System, Washington, DC., USA
| | - William Mobley
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Paul E. Moore
- Division of Allergy, Immunology, and Pulmonology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | | | - Nicolas M. Oreskovic
- Department of Pediatrics, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Internal Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Mass
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ricardo S. Osorio
- Center for Brain Health, Department of Psychiatry, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - David Patterson
- Knoebel Institute for Healthy Aging, University of Denver, Denver, CO, USA
- Eleanor Roosevelt Institute, University of Denver, Denver, CO, USA; Department of Biological Sciences, University of Denver, Denver, CO, USA; Molecular and Cellular Biophysics Program, University of Denver, Denver, CO, USA
| | - Sonja A. Rasmussen
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL; Department of Epidemiology, University of Florida College of Public Health and Health Professions and College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL
| | - Roger H. Reeves
- Department of Physiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; McKusick-Nathans Department of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Nancy Roizen
- Department of Pediatrics, UH/Rainbow Babies and Children’s Hospital and Department of Pediatrics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Stephanie Santoro
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Down Syndrome Program, Division of Medical Genetics and Metabolism, Department of Pediatrics, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Stephanie L. Sherman
- Department of Human Genetics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Nasreen Talib
- Division of General Pediatrics, Children’s Mercy Kansas City, 2401 Gillham Road, Kansas City, MO, USA
| | - Ignacio E. Tapia
- Sleep Center, Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Kyle M. Walsh
- Division of Neuro-epidemiology, Department of Neurosurgery, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Steven F. Warren
- Institute for Life Span Studies, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA
| | - A. Nicole White
- Research Foundation, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Guang William Wong
- Department of Physiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; McKusick-Nathans Department of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Center for Metabolism and Obesity Research, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - John S. Yi
- Division of Surgical Sciences, Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
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