1
|
Pavone M, Goglia M, Taliento C, Lecointre L, Bizzarri N, Fanfani F, Fagotti A, Scambia G, Marescaux J, Querleu D, Seeliger B, Akladios C. Obesity paradox: is a high body mass index positively influencing survival outcomes in gynecological cancers? A systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Gynecol Cancer 2024; 34:1253-1262. [PMID: 38642923 DOI: 10.1136/ijgc-2023-005252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/22/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Obesity represents an exponentially growing preventable disease leading to different health complications, particularly when associated with cancer. In recent years, however, an 'obesity paradox' has been hypothesized where obese individuals affected by cancer counterintuitively show better survival rates. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis is to assess whether the prognosis in gynecological malignancies is positively influenced by obesity. METHODS This study adheres to PRISMA guidelines and is registered with PROSPERO. Studies reporting the impact of a body mass index (BMI) of >30 kg/m2 compared with <30 kg/m2 in patients with gynecological cancers listed in PubMed, Google Scholar and ClinicalTrials.gov were included in the analysis. The Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies 2 tool (QUADAS-2) was used for quality assessment of the selected articles. RESULTS Twenty-one studies were identified for the meta-analysis, including 14 108 patients with cervical, ovarian, or endometrial cancer. There was no benefit in 5-year overall survival for obese patients compared with non-obese patients (OR 1.2, 95% CI 1.00 to 1.44, p=0.05; I2=71%). When pooling for cancer sub-groups, there were no statistically significant differences in 5-year overall survival in patients with cervical cancer and 5-year overall survival and progression-free survival in patients with ovarian cancer. For obese women diagnosed with endometrial cancer, a significant decrease of 44% in 5-year overall survival (p=0.01) was found, with no significant difference in 5-year disease-free survival (p=0.78). CONCLUSION According to the results of the present meta-analysis, a BMI of ≥30 kg/m2 does not have a positive prognostic effect on survival compared with a BMI of <30 kg/m2 in women diagnosed with gynecological cancers. The existence of the 'obesity paradox' in other fields, however, suggests the importance of further investigations with prospective studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Pavone
- Institute of Image-Guided Surgery, IHU Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
- UOC Ginecologia Oncologica, Dipartimento di Scienze per la salute della Donna e del Bambino e di Sanità Pubblica, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Roma, Italy
- Research Institute against Digestive Cancer, IRCAD France, Strasbourg, France
| | - Marta Goglia
- Research Institute against Digestive Cancer, IRCAD France, Strasbourg, France
- Department of Medical and Surgical Science and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Psycology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Cristina Taliento
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Lise Lecointre
- Institute of Image-Guided Surgery, IHU Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
- Department of Gynecology, Hôpitaux universitaires de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Nicolò Bizzarri
- UOC Ginecologia Oncologica, Dipartimento di Scienze per la salute della Donna e del Bambino e di Sanità Pubblica, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Roma, Italy
| | - Francesco Fanfani
- UOC Ginecologia Oncologica, Dipartimento di Scienze per la salute della Donna e del Bambino e di Sanità Pubblica, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Roma, Italy
| | - Anna Fagotti
- UOC Ginecologia Oncologica, Dipartimento di Scienze per la salute della Donna e del Bambino e di Sanità Pubblica, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Roma, Italy
| | - Giovanni Scambia
- UOC Ginecologia Oncologica, Dipartimento di Scienze per la salute della Donna e del Bambino e di Sanità Pubblica, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Roma, Italy
| | - Jacques Marescaux
- Research Institute against Digestive Cancer, IRCAD France, Strasbourg, France
| | - Denis Querleu
- Institute of Image-Guided Surgery, IHU Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
- UOC Ginecologia Oncologica, Dipartimento di Scienze per la salute della Donna e del Bambino e di Sanità Pubblica, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Roma, Italy
| | - Barbara Seeliger
- Institute of Image-Guided Surgery, IHU Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
- Department of Digestive and Endocrine Surgery, The University Hospitals of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Chérif Akladios
- Department of Gynecology, Hôpitaux universitaires de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Levin G, Brezinov Y, Tzur Y, Bar-Noy T, Brodeur MN, Salvador S, Lau S, Gotlieb W. Association between BMI and oncologic outcomes in epithelial ovarian cancer: a predictors-matched case-control study. Arch Gynecol Obstet 2024; 310:587-593. [PMID: 38714562 PMCID: PMC11168986 DOI: 10.1007/s00404-024-07537-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/10/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We aimed to study the association between obesity and survival in ovarian cancer (OC) patients, accounting for confounders as disease stage, histology, and comorbidities. METHODS Retrospective matched case-control study of consecutive patients, with epithelial OC. Obese (body mass index [BMI] ≥ 35 kg m-2) patients were matched in a 1:4 ratio with patients having lower BMIs (BMI < 35 kg m-2) based on disease stage, cytoreduction state, tumor histology and ASA score. We compared the 3-year and total recurrence-free survival and overall survival through Kaplan-Meier survival curves and Cox proportional hazards. RESULTS Overall, 153 consecutive patients were included, of whom 32 (20.9%) had a BMI ≥ 35. and 121 a BMI < 35. The median follow-up time was 39 months (interquartile range 18-67). Both study groups were similar in multiple prognostic factors, including American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status, completion of cytoreduction, histology and stage of disease (p = 0.981, p = 0.992, p = 0.740 and p = 0.984, respectively). Ninety-five (62.1%) patients underwent robotic surgery and conversion rate from robotic to laparotomy was similar in both groups 2 (6.3%) in obese group vs. 6 (5.0%) in lower BMI patients, p = 0.673. During the follow-up time, the rate of recurrence was similar in both groups; 21 (65.6%) in obese group vs. 68 (57.1%), p = 0.387 and the rate of death events was similar; 16 (50.0%) in obese group vs. 49 (40.5%), p = 0.333). The 3-year OS was higher in the obese group (log rank p = 0.042) but the 3-year RFS was similar in both groups (log rank p = 0.556). Median total OS was similar in both groups 62 months (95% confidence interval 25-98 months) in obese vs. 67 months (95% confidence interval 15-118) in the lower BMI group, log rank p = 0.822. Median RFS was similar in both groups; 61 months (95% confidence interval 47-74) in obese, vs. 54 (95% confidence interval 43-64), log rank p = 0.842. In Cox regression analysis for OS, including obesity, age, laparotomy and neoadjuvant treatment - only neoadjuvant treatment was independently associated with longer OS: odds ratio 1.82 (95% confidence interval 1.09-3.05) and longer RFS: odds ratio 2.16 (95% confidence interval 1.37-3.41). CONCLUSIONS In the present study on consecutive cases of ovarian cancer, obesity did not seem to be associated with outcome, except for an apparent improved 3-year survival that faded away thereafter.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Levin
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.
| | - Yoav Brezinov
- Segal Cancer Center, Lady Davis Institute of Medical Research, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Yossi Tzur
- Segal Cancer Center, Lady Davis Institute of Medical Research, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Tomer Bar-Noy
- Segal Cancer Center, Lady Davis Institute of Medical Research, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | | | - Shannon Salvador
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Susie Lau
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Walter Gotlieb
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Medici F, Ferioli M, Cammelli S, Forlani L, Laghi V, Ma J, Cilla S, Buwenge M, Macchia G, Deodato F, Vadalà M, Malizia C, Tagliaferri L, Perrone AM, De Iaco P, Strigari L, Bazzocchi A, Rizzo S, Arcelli A, Morganti AG. Sarcopenic Obesity in Cervical Carcinoma: A Strong and Independent Prognostic Factor beyond the Conventional Predictors (ESTHER Study-AFRAID Project). Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:929. [PMID: 38473291 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16050929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2024] [Revised: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Locally advanced cervical cancer represents a significant treatment challenge. Body composition parameters such as body mass index, sarcopenia, and sarcopenic obesity, defined by sarcopenia and BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2, have been identified as potential prognostic factors, yet their overall impact remains underexplored. This study assessed the relationship between these anthropometric parameters alongside clinical prognostic factors on the prognosis of 173 cervical cancer patients. Survival outcomes in terms of local control (LC), distant metastasis-free survival (DMFS), disease-free survival (DFS), and overall survival (OS) were analyzed using Kaplan regression methods-Meier and Cox. Older age, lower hemoglobin levels, higher FIGO (International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics) stages, and lower total radiation doses were significantly associated with worse outcomes. Univariate analysis showed a significant correlation between BMI and the outcomes examined, revealing that normal-weight patients show higher survival rates, which was not confirmed by the multivariate analysis. Sarcopenia was not correlated with any of the outcomes considered, while sarcopenic obesity was identified as an independent negative predictor of DFS (HR: 5.289, 95% CI: 1.298-21.546, p = 0.020) and OS (HR: 2.645, 95% CI: 1.275-5.488, p = 0.009). This study highlights the potential of sarcopenic obesity as an independent predictor of clinical outcomes. These results support their inclusion in prognostic assessments and treatment planning for patients with advanced cervical cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Federica Medici
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
- Radiation Oncology, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Martina Ferioli
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Silvia Cammelli
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
- Radiation Oncology, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Ludovica Forlani
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
- Radiation Oncology, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Viola Laghi
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
- Radiation Oncology, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Johnny Ma
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
- Radiation Oncology, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Savino Cilla
- Medical Physics Unit, Gemelli Molise Hospital-Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 86100 Campobasso, Italy
| | - Milly Buwenge
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Gabriella Macchia
- Radiotherapy Unit, Gemelli Molise Hospital, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, IRCCS, 86100 Campobasso, Italy
| | - Francesco Deodato
- Radiotherapy Unit, Gemelli Molise Hospital, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, IRCCS, 86100 Campobasso, Italy
| | - Maria Vadalà
- Nuclear Medicine, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Claudio Malizia
- Nuclear Medicine, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Luca Tagliaferri
- UOC di Radioterapia Oncologica, Dipartimento Diagnostica per Immagini, Radioterapia Oncologica ed Ematologia, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Roma, Italy
| | - Anna Myriam Perrone
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Pierandrea De Iaco
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Lidia Strigari
- Medical Physics, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Alberto Bazzocchi
- Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, 40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - Stefania Rizzo
- Service of Radiology, Imaging Institute of Southern Switzerland, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale (EOC), CH-6500 Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Alessandra Arcelli
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
- Radiation Oncology, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Alessio Giuseppe Morganti
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
- Radiation Oncology, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Eide AJ, Halle MK, Lura N, Fasmer KE, Wagner-Larsen K, Forsse D, Bertelsen BI, Salvesen Ø, Krakstad C, Haldorsen IS. Visceral fat percentage for prediction of outcome in uterine cervical cancer. Gynecol Oncol 2023; 176:62-68. [PMID: 37453220 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2023.06.581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Revised: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The prognostic role of adiposity in uterine cervical cancer (CC) is largely unknown. Abdominal fat distribution may better reflect obesity than body mass index. This study aims to describe computed tomography (CT)-assessed abdominal fat distribution in relation to clinicopathologic characteristics, survival, and tumor gene expression in CC. METHODS The study included 316 CC patients diagnosed during 2004-2017 who had pre-treatment abdominal CT. CT-based 3D segmentation of total-, subcutaneous- and visceral abdominal fat volumes (TAV, SAV and VAV) allowed for calculation of visceral fat percentage (VAV% = VAV/TAV). Liver density (LD) and waist circumference (at L3/L4-level) were also measured. Associations between CT-derived adiposity markers, clinicopathologic characteristics and disease-specific survival (DSS) were explored. Gene set enrichment of primary tumors were examined in relation to fat distribution in a subset of 108 CC patients. RESULTS High TAV, VAV and VAV% and low LD were associated with higher age (≥44 yrs.; p ≤ 0.017) and high International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) (2018) stage (p ≤ 0.01). High VAV% was the only CT-marker predicting high-grade histology (p = 0.028), large tumor size (p = 0.016) and poor DSS (HR 1.07, p < 0.001). Patients with high VAV% had CC tumors that exhibited increased inflammatory signaling (false discovery rate [FDR] < 5%). CONCLUSIONS High VAV% is associated with high-risk clinical features and predicts reduced DSS in CC patients. Furthermore, patients with high VAV% had upregulated inflammatory tumor signaling, suggesting that the metabolic environment induced by visceral adiposity contributes to tumor progression in CC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Agnes J Eide
- Department of Radiology, Mohn Medical Imaging and Visualization Centre MMIV, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway; Section for Radiology, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Mari K Halle
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway; Centre for Cancer Biomarkers CCBIO, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Njål Lura
- Department of Radiology, Mohn Medical Imaging and Visualization Centre MMIV, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway; Section for Radiology, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Kristine E Fasmer
- Department of Radiology, Mohn Medical Imaging and Visualization Centre MMIV, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway; Section for Radiology, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Kari Wagner-Larsen
- Department of Radiology, Mohn Medical Imaging and Visualization Centre MMIV, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway; Section for Radiology, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - David Forsse
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway; Centre for Cancer Biomarkers CCBIO, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Bjørn I Bertelsen
- Department of Pathology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Øyvind Salvesen
- Clinical Research Unit, Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Camilla Krakstad
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway; Centre for Cancer Biomarkers CCBIO, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Ingfrid S Haldorsen
- Department of Radiology, Mohn Medical Imaging and Visualization Centre MMIV, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway; Section for Radiology, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Total Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Level in Abdominal Adipose Tissue as an Independent Predictor of Recurrence-Free Survival in Women with Ovarian Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24021768. [PMID: 36675280 PMCID: PMC9863501 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24021768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Revised: 01/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Prognostic factors for epithelial ovarian cancers (EOCs) are in particular clinical factors such as pathology staging at diagnosis (FIGO stages), genetic mutation, or histological phenotypes. In the present study, FIGO stage, tumor residue after surgery, and body mass index were clinical predictors of recurrence-free survival (RFS). Nonetheless, a number of studies support a lipid metabolism disorder in ovarian cancer patients. The objective of this pilot study was to explore whether fatty acid composition of adipose reflecting the qualitative dietary intake and fatty acids metabolism may be associated with RFS. Forty-six women with EOCs and six with borderline ovarian tumors between March 2017 and January 2020 were included in this prospective study at Tours university teaching hospital (central France). The patients involved in the present study are part of the METERMUS trial (clinicaltrials.gov NCT03027479). Adipose tissue specimens from four abdominal locations (superficial and deep subcutaneous, visceral (pericolic), and omental) were collected during surgery or exploratory laparoscopy. A fatty acid profile of adipose tissue triglycerides was established by gas chromatography. Fatty acids composition was compared among the four locations using nonparametric Friedman’s ANOVA test for repeated measures. Median follow-up of EOC patients was 15 months and patients’ RFS was analyzed using Kaplan−Meier survival curves and log-rank test by separating patients into two groups according to median fatty acid levels. The content of long-chain saturated fatty acids (SFAs) was increased and that of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) decreased in deep versus superficial subcutaneous adipose tissue in EOC patients. Nevertheless, the content of total SFAs was ~28%, monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs) ~55%, PUFAs n-6 ~11.5%, and PUFAs n-3 about 1.3%, whatever the adipose tissue. When EOC patients were separated into two groups by median fatty acid content, total PUFAs (n-6+n-3) levels, whatever the adipose tissue, were positively and independently associated with RFS. RFS was about two times longer in EOC patients with high versus low total PUFA content (median survival: 12 vs. 27 months, p = 0.01 to <0.0001 according to the tissue). Content of total PUFAs (n-6+n-3) in abdominal adipose tissue (visceral and subcutaneous) are new prognostic factors in EOC.
Collapse
|
6
|
Association between Energy Balance-Related Factors and Clinical Outcomes in Patients with Ovarian Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14194567. [PMID: 36230490 PMCID: PMC9559499 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14194567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Revised: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: This systematic review and meta-analysis synthesized evidence in patients with ovarian cancer at diagnosis and/or during first-line treatment on; (i) the association of body weight, body composition, diet, exercise, sedentary behavior, or physical fitness with clinical outcomes; and (ii) the effect of exercise and/or dietary interventions. Methods: Risk of bias assessments and best-evidence syntheses were completed. Meta-analyses were performed when ≥3 papers presented point estimates and variability measures of associations or effects. Results: Body mass index (BMI) at diagnosis was not significantly associated with survival. Although the following trends were not supported by the best-evidence syntheses, the meta-analyses revealed that a higher BMI was associated with a higher risk of post-surgical complications (n = 5, HR: 1.63, 95% CI: 1.06−2.51, p = 0.030), a higher muscle mass was associated with a better progression-free survival (n = 3, HR: 1.41, 95% CI: 1.04−1.91, p = 0.030) and a higher muscle density was associated with a better overall survival (n = 3, HR: 2.12, 95% CI: 1.62−2.79, p < 0.001). Muscle measures were not significantly associated with surgical or chemotherapy-related outcomes. Conclusions: The prognostic value of baseline BMI for clinical outcomes is limited, but muscle mass and density may have more prognostic potential. High-quality studies with comprehensive reporting of results are required to improve our understanding of the prognostic value of body composition measures for clinical outcomes. Systematic review registration number: PROSPERO identifier CRD42020163058.
Collapse
|
7
|
Kokts-Porietis RL, Elmrayed S, Brenner DR, Friedenreich CM. Obesity and mortality among endometrial cancer survivors: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Obes Rev 2021; 22:e13337. [PMID: 34476900 DOI: 10.1111/obr.13337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Revised: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Excess body fat is a major risk factor for endometrial cancer incidence, but its impact on recurrence and survival remains unclear. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to assess the association between excess body fat with recurrence, cancer-specific, and all-cause mortality among endometrial cancer survivors. We searched MEDLINE and EMBASE databases up to July 2021. Risk of bias was assessed with the Ottawa Newcastle Scale. Random effects models estimated pooled hazard ratios for the main associations between body mass index (BMI) and survival outcomes and stratified by endometrial cancer type. Potential heterogeneity and publication bias were evaluated with sensitivity analyses, funnel plots, and Egger's test. Forty-six studies were included, of which 45 estimated body fat with BMI and six used direct waist circumference measures or CT/MRI scans. Higher BMI (≥30 kg/m2 ) was associated with increased all-cause mortality (HR = 1.34, 95%CI = 1.12-1.59) and recurrence (HR = 1.28, 95%CI = 1.06-1.56). In sub-group analysis, associations between higher BMI and all-cause mortality were observed for both Types I and II survivors, while recurrence associations were only significant among Type I cases. Obesity at endometrial cancer diagnosis was associated with increased cancer recurrence and all-cause mortality among endometrial cancer survivors but not endometrial cancer-specific mortality.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Renée L Kokts-Porietis
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Department of Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention Research, Cancer Care Alberta, Alberta Health Services, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Seham Elmrayed
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Darren R Brenner
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Department of Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention Research, Cancer Care Alberta, Alberta Health Services, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Department of Oncology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Christine M Friedenreich
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Department of Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention Research, Cancer Care Alberta, Alberta Health Services, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Department of Oncology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Matanes E, Eisenberg N, Amajoud Z, Gupta V, Yasmeen A, Ismail S, Racovitan F, Raban O, Lau S, Salvador S, Gotlieb WH, Kogan L. Sentinel Lymph Node Sampling as an Alternative to Lymphadenectomy in Patients With Endometrial Cancer and Obesity. JOURNAL OF OBSTETRICS AND GYNAECOLOGY CANADA 2021; 43:1136-1144.e1. [PMID: 33984524 DOI: 10.1016/j.jogc.2021.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Although its use in endometrial cancer staging is relatively new, sentinel lymph node (SLN) sampling has been shown to be highly accurate and is associated with few complications. However, some studies report lower rates of detection with SLN sampling among patients with obesity. The aim of the current study is to evaluate the feasibility of SLN sampling in endometrial cancer for patients with obesity, and to determine whether omitting lymph node dissection (LND) in surgical staging using SLN sampling impacts oncologic outcomes. METHODS we conducted a retrospective study of patients with obesity (BMI ≥35 kg/m2), diagnosed with endometrial carcinoma between 2007 and 2017, that compared surgical and oncologic outcomes of 2 cohorts: patients who underwent LND and patients who underwent SLN without lymphadenectomy. The primary outcome was operative time. Secondary outcomes included intraoperative bleeding; lymph node assessment information; intraoperative and postoperative adverse events; and oncologic outcomes including progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS), and disease-specific survival (DSS). PFS was defined as the time from surgery to the recurrence or death from any cause. OS was defined as time from diagnosis to death or the last date the patient was known to be alive, and DSS was defined as the time from the surgery to death from the disease. RESULTS Out of 223 patients with a median BMI of 40.6 kg/m2, 140 underwent LND and 83 underwent SLN alone. The median operative time for patients in the SLN group was shorter than that of patients in the LND group (190.5 [range 108-393] vs. 238 [131-440] min; P < 0.001), and the SLN group had lower median estimated blood loss than the LND group (30 [range 0-300] vs. 40 [range 0-800] mL; P = 0.03). At the 24-month follow-up cut-off, 98% of patients were alive and 95.5% were disease free, with no significant differences in OS, DSS, and PFS between the 2 groups (P = 0.7, P = 0.8, and P = 0.4, respectively). CONCLUSIONS In patients with obesity, omitting LND from surgical staging with SLN sampling was associated with shorter operative times and less bleeding and did not affect survival at 2 years.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emad Matanes
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Québec; Segal Cancer Center, Lady Davis Institute of Medical Research, McGill University, Montreal, Québec
| | - Neta Eisenberg
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Yitzhak Shamir Medical Center, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Zainab Amajoud
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Québec
| | - Vishaal Gupta
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Québec
| | - Amber Yasmeen
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Québec; Segal Cancer Center, Lady Davis Institute of Medical Research, McGill University, Montreal, Québec
| | - Sara Ismail
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Québec
| | - Florentin Racovitan
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Québec
| | - Oded Raban
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Québec; Segal Cancer Center, Lady Davis Institute of Medical Research, McGill University, Montreal, Québec
| | - Susie Lau
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Québec; Segal Cancer Center, Lady Davis Institute of Medical Research, McGill University, Montreal, Québec
| | - Shannon Salvador
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Québec; Segal Cancer Center, Lady Davis Institute of Medical Research, McGill University, Montreal, Québec
| | - Walter H Gotlieb
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Québec; Segal Cancer Center, Lady Davis Institute of Medical Research, McGill University, Montreal, Québec.
| | - Liron Kogan
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Québec; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shaare Zedek Medical Center, affiliated with the Hebrew
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Wang T, Townsend MK, Simmons V, Terry KL, Matulonis UA, Tworoger SS. Prediagnosis and postdiagnosis smoking and survival following diagnosis with ovarian cancer. Int J Cancer 2019; 147:736-746. [PMID: 31693173 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.32773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Revised: 09/28/2019] [Accepted: 10/28/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Little is known about the influence of prediagnosis and postdiagnosis smoking and smoking cessation on ovarian cancer survival. We investigated this relationship in two prospective cohort studies, the Nurses' Health Study (NHS) and NHSII. Analyses included 1,279 women with confirmed invasive, Stage I-III epithelial ovarian cancer. We used Cox proportional hazards regression models to estimate hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for ovarian cancer-specific mortality by smoking status, adjusting for age and year of diagnosis, tumor stage, histologic subtype, body mass index and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory use (postdiagnosis models only). When examining prediagnosis smoking status (assessed a median of 12 months before diagnosis), risk of death was significantly increased for former smokers (HR = 1.19, 95% CI: 1.02-1.39), and suggestively for current smokers (HR = 1.21, 95% CI: 0.96-1.51) vs. never smokers. Longer smoking duration (≥20 years vs. never, HR = 1.23, 95% CI: 1.05-1.45) and higher pack-years (≥20 pack-years vs. never, HR = 1.28, 95% CI: 1.07-1.52) were also associated with worse outcome. With respect to postdiagnosis exposure, women who smoked ≥15 cigarettes per day after diagnosis (assessed a median of 11 months after diagnosis) had increased mortality compared to never smokers (HR = 2.34, 95% CI: 1.63-3.37). Those who continued smoking after diagnosis had 40% higher mortality (HR = 1.40, 95% CI: 1.05-1.87) compared to never smokers. Overall, our results suggest both prediagnosis and postdiagnosis smoking are associated with worse ovarian cancer outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tianyi Wang
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL
| | - Mary K Townsend
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL
| | - Vani Simmons
- Department of Health Outcomes and Behavior, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL.,Department of Oncologic Sciences, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL.,Department of Thoracic Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL
| | - Kathryn L Terry
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Epidemiology Center, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.,Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - Ursula A Matulonis
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA
| | - Shelley S Tworoger
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL.,Department of Oncologic Sciences, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL.,Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Chaves GV, de Almeida Simao T, Pinto LFR, Moreira MAM, Bergmann A, Chaves CBP. Overweight and obesity do not determine worst prognosis in endometrioid endometrial carcinoma. Arch Gynecol Obstet 2019; 300:1671-1677. [DOI: 10.1007/s00404-019-05281-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2018] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
|
11
|
Van Arsdale A, Miller DT, Kuo DY, Isani S, Sanchez L, Nevadunsky NS. Association of obesity with survival in patients with endometrial cancer. Gynecol Oncol 2019; 154:156-162. [PMID: 31060820 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2019.03.258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2018] [Revised: 03/21/2019] [Accepted: 03/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity confers an overall increased risk for development of endometrial cancer. However there are conflicting reports regarding the effect of obesity on patients' overall and disease specific survival. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of obesity on survival in women with endometrial cancer. METHODS After IRB approval, records of women with diagnosis and treatment of endometrial cancer from 1999 to 2016 were abstracted for histopathological, treatment and demographic data. Death was confirmed by query of the Social Security Death Index. Kaplan Meier survival curves and Cox regression modeling was performed with Stata version 14.0. RESULTS Of 1732 evaluable patients, there were significant differences in age at diagnosis, histology (endometrioid versus non-endometrioid), stage, race, grade, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, diabetes, and treatment between normal weight, overweight, obese, and morbidly obese patients (p < 0.01). There was a linear association of younger age at diagnosis with increasing obesity (p < 0.01) R2 = 0.04. Younger age, endometrioid histology, lower stage, and statin use were independently associated with decreased hazard of death (p < 0.01). However, in stratified analysis of non-endometrioid histologies, patients with Stage 3 and 4 disease over the age of 65 showed a survival benefit for women associated with obesity (p = 0.02). CONCLUSIONS Obesity is associated with younger age at diagnosis and earlier stage disease. Obesity is associated with improved disease specific survival for stage 3 and 4 non-endometrioid endometrial cancers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anne Van Arsdale
- Montefiore Medical Center, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Women's Health, Bronx, NY, United States of America
| | - Devin T Miller
- Montefiore Medical Center, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Women's Health, Bronx, NY, United States of America.
| | - Dennis Y Kuo
- Montefiore Medical Center, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Women's Health, Bronx, NY, United States of America
| | - Sara Isani
- Montefiore Medical Center, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Women's Health, Bronx, NY, United States of America
| | - Lauren Sanchez
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States of America
| | - Nicole S Nevadunsky
- Montefiore Medical Center, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Women's Health, Bronx, NY, United States of America; Albert Einstein Cancer Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Nyasani E, Munir I, Perez M, Payne K, Khan S. Linking obesity-induced leptin-signaling pathways to common endocrine-related cancers in women. Endocrine 2019; 63:3-17. [PMID: 30218381 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-018-1748-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2018] [Accepted: 09/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is related to many major diseases and cancers. Women have higher rates of obesity and obesity is linked to commonly occurring cancers in women. However, there is a lack of knowledge of the unique mechanism(s) involved in each type of cancer. The objective of this review is to highlight the need for novel experimental approaches and a better understanding of the common and unique pathways to resolve controversies regarding the role of obesity in cancer. In women, there is a link between hormones and obesity-associated genes in cancer development. Leptin is an obesity-associated gene that has been studied extensively in cancers; however, whether the defect is in the leptin gene or in its signaling pathways remains unclear. Both leptin and its receptor have been positively correlated with cancer progression in some endocrine-related cancers in women. This review offers an up-to-date and cohesive review of both upstream and downstream pathways of leptin signaling in cancer and a comprehensive picture of cancer pathogenesis in light of current evidence of leptin effects in several major types of cancer. This work is intended to aid in the design of better therapeutic strategies for obese/overweight women with cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eunice Nyasani
- Center for Health Disparities & Molecular Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - Iqbal Munir
- Riverside University Health System, Moreno Valley, CA, USA
| | - Mia Perez
- Department of Pathology & Human Anatomy, Loma Linda, USA
| | - Kimberly Payne
- Department of Pathology & Human Anatomy, Loma Linda, USA
| | - Salma Khan
- Center for Health Disparities & Molecular Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, USA.
- Division of Biochemistry, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Life after endometrial cancer: A systematic review of patient-reported outcomes. Gynecol Oncol 2018; 148:403-413. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2017.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2017] [Revised: 11/03/2017] [Accepted: 11/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
|
14
|
Mauland KK, Ju Z, Tangen IL, Berg A, Kalland KH, Øyan AM, Bjørge L, Westin SN, Krakstad C, Trovik J, Mills GB, Hoivik EA, Johanna Werner HM. Proteomic profiling of endometrioid endometrial cancer reveals differential expression of hormone receptors and MAPK signaling proteins in obese versus non-obese patients. Oncotarget 2017; 8:106989-107001. [PMID: 29291005 PMCID: PMC5739790 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.22203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2017] [Accepted: 09/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Endometrial cancer development is strongly linked to obesity, but knowledge regarding the influence of excess weight on endometrial tumor signaling pathways remains scarce. We therefore analyzed reverse phase protein array (RPPA) data for obesity-related protein expression patterns, using one training (n=272) and two test cohorts (n=68; n=178) of well-annotated samples from women treated for endometrioid endometrial cancer. Gene expression profiling and immunohistochemistry were used for cross-platform validation. Body mass index (BMI) was significantly correlated with progesterone receptor (PR) expression and a hormone receptor protein signature, across all cohorts. In two of the cohorts, BMI was negatively correlated with RTK- and MAPK-pathway activation, particularly phosphorylated MAPK T202 Y204 (p-MAPK) level. Using stepwise selection modelling, a BMI-associated protein signature, including phosphorylated estrogen receptor α S118 (p-ERα) and p-MAPK, was identified. In the subset of FIGO stage 1, grade 1-2 tumors, obese patients (BMI≥30) had better survival compared to non-obese patients in the two cohorts with longest follow-up time (p=0.042, p=0.058). Non-obese patients had higher p-MAPK levels, whereas obese patients had higher p-ERα levels and enrichment of gene signatures related to estrogen signaling, inflammation, immune signaling and hypoxia. In subgroup analysis of non-obese patients with FIGO stage 1 tumors, low PI3K-activation was associated with reduced survival (p=0.002, training cohort). In conclusion, increasing BMI is associated with increased PR and p-ERα levels and reduced MAPK signaling, both in all patients and in subsets with predicted excellent prognosis. The MAPK-pathway represents a potential therapeutic target in non-obese patients with low stage and low grade tumors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karen Klepsland Mauland
- Centre for Cancer Biomarkers CCBIO, Department of Clinical Science (K2), University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Zhenlin Ju
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Ingvild Løberg Tangen
- Centre for Cancer Biomarkers CCBIO, Department of Clinical Science (K2), University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Anna Berg
- Centre for Cancer Biomarkers CCBIO, Department of Clinical Science (K2), University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Karl-Henning Kalland
- Centre for Cancer Biomarkers CCBIO, Department of Clinical Science (K2), University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Microbiology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Anne Margrete Øyan
- Centre for Cancer Biomarkers CCBIO, Department of Clinical Science (K2), University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Microbiology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Line Bjørge
- Centre for Cancer Biomarkers CCBIO, Department of Clinical Science (K2), University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Shannon N. Westin
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology and Reproductive Medicine, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Camilla Krakstad
- Centre for Cancer Biomarkers CCBIO, Department of Clinical Science (K2), University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Centre for Cancer Biomarkers CCBIO, Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Jone Trovik
- Centre for Cancer Biomarkers CCBIO, Department of Clinical Science (K2), University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Gordon B. Mills
- Department of Systems Biology, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Erling A. Hoivik
- Centre for Cancer Biomarkers CCBIO, Department of Clinical Science (K2), University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Henrica Maria Johanna Werner
- Centre for Cancer Biomarkers CCBIO, Department of Clinical Science (K2), University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Mauland KK, Eng Ø, Ytre-Hauge S, Tangen IL, Berg A, Salvesen HB, Salvesen ØO, Krakstad C, Trovik J, Hoivik EA, Werner HMJ, Mellgren G, Haldorsen IS. High visceral fat percentage is associated with poor outcome in endometrial cancer. Oncotarget 2017; 8:105184-105195. [PMID: 29285243 PMCID: PMC5739630 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.21917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2017] [Accepted: 09/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite evidence of increased endometrial cancer (EC) risk in obese women, the impact of obesity on clinical and histological phenotype is poorly understood. This study explored abdominal fat volumes and fat distribution quantified by computed tomography (CT), in relation to tumor characteristics and outcome. 227 EC patients with preoperative abdominal CT scans were included. Total abdominal fat volume (TAV), subcutaneous abdominal fat volume (SAV) and visceral abdominal fat volume (VAV) were quantified, and visceral fat percentage calculated (VAV%=[VAV/TAV]x100). Waist circumference (WC) and liver density (LD) were measured, and body mass index (BMI) calculated. Data for estrogen, progesterone and androgen receptor (ERα/PR/AR) expression by immunohistochemistry were available for 149 tumors, and global gene expression data for 105 tumors. High BMI, TAV, SAV, VAV and WC, and low LD, were associated with low grade endometrioid tumors and PR and AR positivity (all p≤0.03). High VAV% was associated with high age (p<0.001), aneuploidy (p=0.01) and independently predicted reduced disease-specific survival (HR 1.05, 95% CI 1.00-1.11, p=0.041). Tumors from patients with low VAV% showed enrichment of gene sets related to immune activation and inflammation. In conclusion, high VAV% independently predicts reduced EC survival. Tumors arising in patients with low VAV% show enrichment of immune and inflammation related gene sets, suggesting that the global metabolic setting may be important for tumor immune response.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karen Klepsland Mauland
- Centre for Cancer Biomarkers, CCBIO, Department of Clinical Science (K2), University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.,Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Øyvin Eng
- Hormone Laboratory, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Sigmund Ytre-Hauge
- Department of Radiology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway.,Department of Clinical Medicine (K1), University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Ingvild L Tangen
- Centre for Cancer Biomarkers, CCBIO, Department of Clinical Science (K2), University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.,Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Anna Berg
- Centre for Cancer Biomarkers, CCBIO, Department of Clinical Science (K2), University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.,Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Helga B Salvesen
- Centre for Cancer Biomarkers, CCBIO, Department of Clinical Science (K2), University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.,Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Øyvind O Salvesen
- Unit for Applied Clinical Research, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Camilla Krakstad
- Centre for Cancer Biomarkers, CCBIO, Department of Clinical Science (K2), University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.,Centre for Cancer Biomarkers, CCBIO, Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Jone Trovik
- Centre for Cancer Biomarkers, CCBIO, Department of Clinical Science (K2), University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.,Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Erling A Hoivik
- Centre for Cancer Biomarkers, CCBIO, Department of Clinical Science (K2), University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.,Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Henrica Maria Johanna Werner
- Centre for Cancer Biomarkers, CCBIO, Department of Clinical Science (K2), University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.,Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Gunnar Mellgren
- Hormone Laboratory, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway.,KG Jebsen Centre for Diabetes Research, Department of Clinical Science (K2), University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Ingfrid S Haldorsen
- Department of Radiology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway.,Department of Clinical Medicine (K1), University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Felix AS, Blair CK, Lehman A, Bower JK, Raman SV, Lazovich D, Cohn DE, Prizment AE. Cardiovascular disease mortality among women with endometrial cancer in the Iowa Women's Health Study. Cancer Causes Control 2017; 28:1043-1051. [PMID: 28864924 DOI: 10.1007/s10552-017-0953-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2017] [Accepted: 08/29/2017] [Indexed: 03/25/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Obesity is associated with endometrial cancer (EC) development and cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality. As the number of obese EC survivors continues to increase, an examination of CVD mortality in this vulnerable population is warranted. METHODS In the Iowa Women's Health Study (1986-2011), we examined CVD mortality among 552 women with EC compared with 2,352 age- and body mass index-matched women without EC (controls). Hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for CVD mortality were estimated using multivariable-adjusted Cox proportional hazards regression models stratified by an indicator for match set. RESULTS Compared to controls, women with EC more often reported a history of diabetes, hypertension, and never smoking. Compared with controls, women with EC had lower CVD mortality (HR 0.75, 95% CI 0.56-0.99), and higher all-cause mortality (HR 1.50, 95% CI 1.30-1.74). CONCLUSIONS Although some CVD risk factors were more common in women with versus without EC, CVD mortality was lower among the former group. Additional well-adjusted analyses with larger study populations are needed to understand interactions between CVD risk factors with CVD mortality among EC survivors. The CVD risk factor profile of EC survivors warrants emphasis on cardiovascular health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ashley S Felix
- Division of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, The Ohio State University, 1841 Neil Avenue, 346 Cunz Hall, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA.
| | - Cindy K Blair
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA.,University of New Mexico Comprehensive Cancer Center, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Amy Lehman
- Center for Biostatistics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Julie K Bower
- Division of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, The Ohio State University, 1841 Neil Avenue, 346 Cunz Hall, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Subha V Raman
- Division of Cardiology, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - DeAnn Lazovich
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.,Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - David E Cohn
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Anna E Prizment
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.,Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Bandera EV, Lee VS, Qin B, Rodriguez-Rodriguez L, Powell CB, Kushi LH. Impact of body mass index on ovarian cancer survival varies by stage. Br J Cancer 2017; 117:282-289. [PMID: 28588323 PMCID: PMC5520512 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2017.162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2017] [Revised: 05/04/2017] [Accepted: 05/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Research on the effect of body mass index (BMI) on ovarian cancer survival is inconsistent, but previous studies did not consider the possible impact of ascites, bowel obstruction, or cachexia, which commonly occur in late-stage disease. METHODS We evaluated the association of BMI, before and around the time of diagnosis, with overall and disease-specific survival in a cohort study of primary invasive epithelial ovarian cancers diagnosed from 2000 to 2013 in Kaiser Permanente Northern California (KPNC) (n=1184). Deaths were identified through December 2014, with a median follow-up of 37 months. Proportional hazards regression was used to estimate overall and ovarian cancer-specific mortality, accounting for prognostic variables including age at diagnosis, race, stage, grade, histology, comorbidities, treatment, post-treatment CA125 levels, ascites, and bowel obstruction. RESULTS There was no evidence of an association between BMI and overall or ovarian cancer-specific survival. However, we found strong effect modification by stage (Pinteraction<0.01). Compared with normal prediagnosis BMI (18.5-24.9 kg m-2), for women who were obese before diagnosis (BMI⩾35 kg m-2) ovarian cancer-specific survival was lower among those diagnosed at stages I/II (hazard ratio (HR): 3.40; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.16-9.99), but increased among those diagnosed with stage IV disease (HR: 0.58; 95% CI: 0.35-0.96). Associations were attenuated after excluding those diagnosed with cachexia (n=82) and further adjustment for ascites and bowel obstruction, with no evidence of effect modification by these factors. CONCLUSIONS Associations of obesity with ovarian cancer survival may differ by stage, with decreased survival among those with localised disease and increased survival among those with late-stage disease. Stage-specific effects of obesity on survival suggest a tailored approach to improve prognosis may be appropriate.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elisa V Bandera
- Population Science, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, 195 Little Albany Street, New Brunswick, NJ 08903, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Rutgers School of Public Health, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
- Department of Medical Oncology, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
| | - Valerie S Lee
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, CA 94612, USA
| | - Bo Qin
- Population Science, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, 195 Little Albany Street, New Brunswick, NJ 08903, USA
| | - Lorna Rodriguez-Rodriguez
- Precision Medicine, Division of Gynecology Oncology, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08903, USA
| | - C Bethan Powell
- Gynecologic Oncology Program, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, San Francisco, CA 94115, USA
| | - Lawrence H Kushi
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, CA 94612, USA
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Nomogram Predicting Overall Survival in Operable Cervical Cancer Patients. Int J Gynecol Cancer 2017; 27:987-993. [DOI: 10.1097/igc.0000000000000987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
|
19
|
Farr A, Stolz M, Baumann L, Bago-Horvath Z, Oppolzer E, Pfeiler G, Seifert M, Singer CF. The effect of obesity on pathological complete response and survival in breast cancer patients receiving uncapped doses of neoadjuvant anthracycline-taxane-based chemotherapy. Breast 2017; 33:153-158. [DOI: 10.1016/j.breast.2017.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2017] [Revised: 04/03/2017] [Accepted: 04/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
|
20
|
Park JY, Seong SJ, Kim TJ, Kim JW, Bae DS, Nam JH. Significance of body weight change during fertility-sparing progestin therapy in young women with early endometrial cancer. Gynecol Oncol 2017; 146:39-43. [PMID: 28526167 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2017.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2017] [Revised: 04/29/2017] [Accepted: 05/02/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the influence of body weight change during fertility-sparing progestin therapy on oncologic and reproductive outcomes in young women with early-stage endometrial cancer who did not complete child bearing. METHODS This multicenter, retrospective study included 154 young patients with well-differentiated, endometrium-confined endometrioid endometrial adenocarcinoma on magnetic resonance imaging who received fertility-sparing progestin therapy. RESULTS The mean body weight and body mass index (BMI) at baseline and progestin therapy completion was 65.3±16.2 and 66.5±15.9kg (P=0.044), respectively, and 25.51±5.99 and 25.99±5.94kg/m2 (P=0.034), respectively. During progestin therapy, 51 (33.1%), 29 (18.8%), and 74 patients (48.1%) had weight loss, no weight change, and weight gain, respectively, of which 11 (7.1%) had 10% weight loss and 30 (19.5%) had 10% weight gain. A pretreatment BMI of ≥25kg/m2 was significantly associated with a lower complete response rate to progestin therapy (P=0.003) and a high recurrence rate (P=0.033). A posttreatment BMI of ≥25kg/m2 was also a significant factor for high recurrence rate (P=0.049). However, weight change during therapy was not significantly associated with complete response or recurrence rate. Pre and posttreatment BMIs and weight change were not associated with pregnancy and live birth rates. CONCLUSION Weight change during progestin therapy has little influence on complete response, recurrence, pregnancy, and live birth rates. However, pre and posttreatment BMIs of ≥25kg/m2 were significant predictors for poor treatment response and high recurrence. Therefore, it is important to maintain patients' normal BMIs during progestin therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jeong-Yeol Park
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seok Ju Seong
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Gangnam CHA Medical Center, CHA University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Jin Kim
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Cheil General Hospital & Women's Healthcare Center, Dankook University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Weon Kim
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Duk-Soo Bae
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Joo-Hyun Nam
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Bokhman Redux: Endometrial cancer "types" in the 21st century. Gynecol Oncol 2016; 144:243-249. [PMID: 27993480 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2016.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2016] [Revised: 12/01/2016] [Accepted: 12/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
In 1983 Jan V. Bokhman, M.D. published a landmark paper entitled "Two Pathogenetic Types of Endometrial Carcinoma" in which an enduring dualistic view of endometrial cancer was first proposed. "Type I" cancers are thought to represent estrogen driven mostly low grade endometrioid tumors strongly associated with obesity and other components of the metabolic syndrome. "Type II" cancers represent higher grade non-endometrioid tumors for which the latter associations are less significant. Basic tenets of this dichotomy including significant prognostic differences have been abundantly confirmed by later literature. The construct has in turn contributed a useful framework for decades of teaching and scientific advancement across disciplines. However, recent large epidemiologic studies indicate a more complex web of risk factors with obesity and hormones likely playing an important role across the entire endometrial cancer histologic and clinical spectrum. Moreover, high quality molecular data and refinements in pathologic classification challenge any simplistic classification of endometrial cancer. For example, the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) recently defined four clinically distinct endometrial cancer types based on their overall mutational burden, specific p53, POLE and PTEN mutations, microsatellite instability and histology. Additionally, new histologic categories with clear prognostic implications have been accepted and it is becoming evident from an epidemiologic point of view that metabolic factors may play an important role in endometrial cancer overall. While Bokhman's intuitive dualistic model remains relevant when working with large registries and databases lacking granular information; most other efforts should integrate clinical, pathological and molecular specifics into more nuanced classifications.
Collapse
|
22
|
Abstract
Measures of body weight and anthropometrics such as body mass index (BMI) are commonly used to assess nutritional status in clinical conditions including cancer. Extensive research has evaluated associations between body weight and prognosis in ovarian cancer patients, yet little is known about the potential impact of body composition (fat mass (FM) and fat-free mass (FFM)) in these patients. Thus, the purpose of this publication was to review the literature (using PubMed and EMBASE) evaluating the impact of body weight and particularly body composition on surgical complications, morbidity, chemotherapy dosing and toxicity (as predictors of prognosis), and survival in ovarian cancer patients. Body weight is rarely associated with intra-operative complications, but obesity predicts higher rates of venous thromboembolism and wound complications post-operatively in ovarian cancer patients. Low levels of FM and FFM are superior predictors of length of hospital stay compared to measures of body weight alone, but the role of body composition on other surgical morbidities is unknown. Obesity complicates chemotherapy dosing due to altered pharmacokinetics, imprecise dosing strategies, and wide variability in FM and FFM. Measurement of body composition has the potential to reduce toxicity if the results are incorporated into chemotherapy dosing calculations. Some findings suggest that excess body weight adversely affects survival, while others find no such association. Limited studies indicate that FM is a better predictor of survival than body weight in ovarian cancer patients, but the direction of this relationship has not been determined. In conclusion, body composition as an indicator of nutritional status is a better prognostic tool than body weight or BMI alone in ovarian cancer patients.
Collapse
|
23
|
Intraperitoneal Fat through GRP78: A Risk Factor for Endometrial Cancer. Anal Cell Pathol (Amst) 2016; 2016:3496538. [PMID: 27822448 PMCID: PMC5086347 DOI: 10.1155/2016/3496538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2016] [Revised: 08/19/2016] [Accepted: 09/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction. The identification of biological markers that indicate an increased risk for the development or recurrence of endometrial cancer (EC) in obese women might be useful for decreasing EC mortality and morbidity. Glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78) is a major protein of the endoplasmic reticulum expressed in all normal cells. Overexpression of GRP78 has been reported to be a tumoral biomarker. Increased detection of GRP78 is positively correlated with the tumoral stage and prognosis. This study aimed to identify a correlation between intraperitoneal fat, plasma GRP78 levels, and EC. Materials and Methods. Two groups of patients were included in the study: group I, 44 patients diagnosed with EC, and group II, 44 patients without gynecological pathology or inflammatory disorders. Visceral fat was determined by ultrasound and plasma GRP78 levels were measured. Results. Plasma GRP78 levels were significantly higher in patients with EC compared to the control group. Intraperitoneal fat was in a positive linear correlation with the plasma GRP78 level (p < 0.0001). Conclusion. The measurement of the GRP78 level associated with the determination of intraperitoneal fat can be a useful predictor for EC.
Collapse
|
24
|
Jun DH, Kim BJ, Park JH, Kim JG, Chi KC, Park JM, Kim MK, Kang H. Preoperative Body Mass Index May Determine the Prognosis of Advanced Gastric Cancer. Nutr Cancer 2016; 68:1295-1300. [DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2016.1224363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
|
25
|
Clark LH, Jackson AL, Soo AE, Orrey DC, Gehrig PA, Kim KH. Extremes in body mass index affect overall survival in women with cervical cancer. Gynecol Oncol 2016; 141:497-500. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2016.03.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2016] [Revised: 03/23/2016] [Accepted: 03/26/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
|
26
|
Joehlin-Price AS, Stephens JA, Zhang J, Backes FJ, Cohn DE, Suarez AA. Endometrial Cancer Insulin-Like Growth Factor 1 Receptor (IGF1R) Expression Increases with Body Mass Index and Is Associated with Pathologic Extent and Prognosis. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2016; 25:438-45. [PMID: 26682991 PMCID: PMC5075967 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-15-1145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2015] [Accepted: 12/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity is a main risk factor for endometrial carcinoma (EC). Insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF1R) expression may influence this association. METHODS IGF1R IHC was performed on a tissue microarray with 894 EC and scored according to the percentage and intensity of staining to create immunoreactivity scores, which were dichotomized into low and high IGF1R expression groups. Logistic regression modeling assessed associations with body mass index (BMI), age, histology, pathologic extent of disease (pT), and lymph node metastasis (pN). Overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) were compared between IGF1R expression groups using Kaplan-Meier curves and log-rank tests. RESULTS The proportion of patients with high IGF1R expression increased as BMI (<30, 30-39, and 40+ kg/m(2)) increased (P = 0.002). The adjusted odds of having high IGF1R expression was 1.49 [95% confidence interval (CI), 1.05-2.10, P = 0.024] for patients with BMI 30 to 39 kg/m(2) compared with <30 kg/m(2) and 1.62 (95% CI, 1.13-2.33, P = 0.009) for patients with BMI 40+ kg/m(2) compared with <30 kg/m(2). High IGF1R expression was associated with pT and pN univariately and with pT after adjusting for BMI, pN, age, and histologic subtype. DFS and OS were better with high IGF1R expression, P = 0.020 and P = 0.002, respectively, but DFS was not significant after adjusting for pT, pN, and histologic subtype of the tumor. CONCLUSIONS There is an association between BMI and EC IGF1R expression. Higher IGF1R expression is associated with lower pT and better DFS and OS. IMPACT These findings suggest a link between IGF1R EC expression and obesity, as well as IGF1R expression and survival.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amy S Joehlin-Price
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Julie A Stephens
- Center for Biostatistics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Jianying Zhang
- Center for Biostatistics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Floor J Backes
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio
| | - David E Cohn
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Adrian A Suarez
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Impact of obesity on treatment-related adverse events, disease recurrence, and survival in women with cervical carcinoma. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s13566-016-0243-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
|
28
|
Secord AA, Hasselblad V, Von Gruenigen VE, Gehrig PA, Modesitt SC, Bae-Jump V, Havrilesky LJ. Body mass index and mortality in endometrial cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Gynecol Oncol 2015; 140:184-90. [PMID: 26524722 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2015.10.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2015] [Revised: 10/22/2015] [Accepted: 10/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the association between body mass index (BMI) and mortality in women with endometrial cancer. METHODS A systematic review was performed utilizing a Medline search with Mesh keywords 'endometrial neoplasms' and ('body mass index' or 'obesity') and ('survival analysis' or 'mortality' or 'survivor' or 'survival') for studies published prior to June 2013. Inclusion criteria included studies that assessed associations between BMI and survival in endometrial cancer patients. Two investigators independently reviewed the title and abstract and full-text of articles for inclusion or exclusion decision; discordant decisions were adjudicated by a third reviewer. A random-effects model was constructed that was comparable to the standard random-effects models used in the meta-analysis of odds ratios. The model was fitted using SAS PROC NLMIXED. RESULTS 1451 studies were identified and reviewed in duplicate, 18 met inclusion criteria. A random-effects meta-analysis demonstrated significantly higher odds of mortality with increasing BMI in endometrial cancer patients. Specifically the odds ratios were 1.01, 1.17, 1.26, and 1.66 for BMI categories of 25-29.9, 30-34.9, 35-39.9, and 40+, respectively. The odds ratio for all-cause mortality in endometrial cancer patients with a BMI≥40 compared to those with a BMI<25 was 1.66 (CI: 1.10-2.51, p=0.02). A single dose-response model indicated that a 10% increase in BMI resulted in a 9.2% increase in the odds of all-cause mortality (p=0.007). CONCLUSION Increased BMI is significantly associated with increased all-cause mortality in women with endometrial cancer, with the highest risk for those with a BMI≥40.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Angeles Alvarez Secord
- Division of Gynecology Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA.
| | - Vic Hasselblad
- Duke Clinical Research Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Vivian E Von Gruenigen
- Division of Gynecology Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Summa Health System, Akron, OH, USA
| | - Paola A Gehrig
- Division of Gynecology Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of North Carolina in Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Susan C Modesitt
- Division of Gynecology Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Victoria Bae-Jump
- Division of Gynecology Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of North Carolina in Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Laura J Havrilesky
- Division of Gynecology Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Association Between Obesity and Clinical Outcomes in Gynecologic Cancer. CURRENT OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY REPORTS 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s13669-015-0131-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
|
30
|
Lindemann K, Cvancarova M, Eskild A. Body mass index, diabetes and survival after diagnosis of endometrial cancer: A report from the HUNT-Survey. Gynecol Oncol 2015; 139:476-80. [PMID: 26434365 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2015.09.088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2015] [Revised: 09/24/2015] [Accepted: 09/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We studied the association of body mass index (BMI) and diabetes with all-cause death and endometrial cancer-specific death among women with endometrial cancer (EC). METHODS Included were 337 women in the Health Surveys in North-Trøndelag, Norway who were followed from EC diagnosis to death or end of follow-up, 30th June 2012. Risks of death associated with BMI and diabetes were estimated as hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (95% CI). The risks of EC-specific death were estimated as sub-HRs, after adjustment for competing causes of death. We also studied the risk of death associated with diabetes in women with BMI<25kg/m(2) and in women with BMI≥25kg/m(2). RESULTS During the median follow-up time of 6.7years, 166 women (49.3%) died. Diabetes increased the risk of all-cause death (HR 2.14, 95% CI: 1.26-3.63) and endometrial cancer-specific death (SHR, 2.62, 95% CI: 1.07-6.43) after adjustment for age, histological type and stage of EC. BMI was not associated with risk of all-cause or EC-specific death. The increased risk of both all-cause death and EC specific death in diabetic women seemed to be more pronounced in women with BMI<25kg/m(2) (HR 6.35, 95% CI: 1.90-21.14) compared to women with BMI>25kg/m(2) (HR 1.80, 95% CI: 0.98-3.33). CONCLUSIONS Diabetes, but not BMI, was associated with increased risk of all-cause death and death from EC. The increased risk of death associated with diabetes seemed to be most pronounced in women with BMI<25kg/m(2).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kristina Lindemann
- Department of Gynecological Cancer, Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway; Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway.
| | - Milada Cvancarova
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway; Department of Biostatistics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Anne Eskild
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway; Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Westin SN, Ju Z, Broaddus RR, Krakstad C, Li J, Pal N, Lu KH, Coleman RL, Hennessy BT, Klempner SJ, Werner HMJ, Salvesen HB, Cantley LC, Mills GB, Myers AP. PTEN loss is a context-dependent outcome determinant in obese and non-obese endometrioid endometrial cancer patients. Mol Oncol 2015; 9:1694-703. [PMID: 26045339 PMCID: PMC4584169 DOI: 10.1016/j.molonc.2015.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2015] [Revised: 04/26/2015] [Accepted: 04/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Endometrial cancer incidence is increasing, due in part to a strong association with obesity. Mutations in the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) pathway, the central relay pathway of insulin signals, occur in the majority of endometrioid adenocarcinomas, the most common form of endometrial cancer. We sought to determine the impact of PI3K pathway alterations on progression free survival in a cohort of endometrioid endometrial cancers. Prognostic utility of PIK3CA, PIK3R1, and PTEN mutations, as well as PTEN protein loss by immunohistochemistry, was explored in the context of patient body mass index. Reverse-phase protein arrays were utilized to assess protein expression based on PTEN status. Among 187 endometrioid endometrial cancers, there were no statistically significant associations between PFS and PIK3CA, PIK3R1, PTEN mutation or loss. When stratified by body mass index, PTEN loss was associated with improved progression free survival (P < 0.006) in obese (body mass index ≥ 30) patients. PTEN loss resulted in distinct protein changes: Canonical PI3K pathway activation was observed only in the non-obese population while decreased expression of β-CATENIN and phosphorylated FOXO3A was observed in obese patients. These data suggest the impact of PTEN loss on tumor biology and clinical outcomes must be interpreted in the context of body mass index, and provide a potential explanation for discrepant reports on the effect of PTEN status and obesity on prognosis in endometrial cancer. This reveals a clinically important interaction between metabolic state and tumor genetics that may unveil the biologic underpinning of obesity-related cancers and impact ongoing clinical trials with PI3K pathway inhibitors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shannon N Westin
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology and Reproductive Medicine, University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
| | - Zhenlin Ju
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Russell R Broaddus
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Camilla Krakstad
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway; Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Jane Li
- Department of Systems Biology, University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Navdeep Pal
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology and Reproductive Medicine, University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Karen H Lu
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology and Reproductive Medicine, University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Robert L Coleman
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology and Reproductive Medicine, University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Bryan T Hennessy
- Beaumont Hospital and Royal College of Surgeons of Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Samuel J Klempner
- Hematology-Oncology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Henrica M J Werner
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway; Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Helga B Salvesen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway; Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Lewis C Cantley
- Hematology-Oncology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Gordon B Mills
- Department of Systems Biology, University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Andrea P Myers
- Hematology-Oncology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Medical Oncology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Felix AS, Scott McMeekin D, Mutch D, Walker JL, Creasman WT, Cohn DE, Ali S, Moore RG, Downs LS, Ioffe OB, Park KJ, Sherman ME, Brinton LA. Associations between etiologic factors and mortality after endometrial cancer diagnosis: the NRG Oncology/Gynecologic Oncology Group 210 trial. Gynecol Oncol 2015; 139:70-6. [PMID: 26341710 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2015.08.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2015] [Revised: 08/25/2015] [Accepted: 08/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Few studies have analyzed relationships between risk factors for endometrial cancer, especially with regard to aggressive (non-endometrioid) histologic subtypes, and prognosis. We examined these relationships in the prospective NRG Oncology/Gynecologic Oncology Group 210 trial. METHODS Prior to surgery, participants completed a questionnaire assessing risk factors for gynecologic cancers. Pathology data were derived from clinical reports and central review. We used the Fine and Gray subdistribution hazards model to estimate subhazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for associations between etiologic factors and cause-specific subhazards in the presence of competing risks. These models were stratified by tumor subtype and adjusted for stage and socioeconomic status indicators. RESULTS Median follow-up was 60months after enrollment (range: 1day-118months). Among 4609 participants, a total of 854 deaths occurred, of which, 582 deaths were attributed to endometrial carcinoma. Among low-grade endometrioid cases, endometrial carcinoma-specific subhazards were significantly associated with age at diagnosis (HR=1.04, 95% CI=1.01-1.06 per year, P-trend) and BMI (class II obesity vs. normal BMI: HR=2.29, 95% CI=1.06-4.98, P-trend=0.01). Among high-grade endometrioid cases, endometrial carcinoma-specific subhazards were associated with age at diagnosis (HR=1.05, 95% CI=1.02-1.07 per year, P-trend<0.001). Among non-endometrioid cases, endometrial carcinoma-specific subhazards were associated with parity relative to nulliparity among serous (HR=0.55, 95% CI=0.36-0.82) and carcinosarcoma cases (HR=2.01, 95% CI=1.00-4.05). DISCUSSION Several endometrial carcinoma risk factors are associated with prognosis, which occurs in a tumor-subtype specific context. If confirmed, these results would suggest that factors beyond histopathologic features and stage are related to prognosis. ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT00340808.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ashley S Felix
- Hormonal and Reproductive Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA; Cancer Prevention Fellowship Program, Division of Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
| | - D Scott McMeekin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Oklahoma, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - David Mutch
- Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Joan L Walker
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Oklahoma, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - William T Creasman
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - David E Cohn
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Shamshad Ali
- NRG Oncology Statistics and Data Management Center, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Richard G Moore
- Program in Women's Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Women and Infants Hospital/Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Levi S Downs
- Gynecologic Oncology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Olga B Ioffe
- Anatomical Pathology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Kay J Park
- Surgical Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Mark E Sherman
- Breast and Gynecologic Cancer Research Group, Division of Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Louise A Brinton
- Hormonal and Reproductive Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Wasniewski T, Woclawek-Potocka I, Boruszewska D, Kowalczyk-Zieba I, Sinderewicz E, Grycmacher K. The significance of the altered expression of lysophosphatidic acid receptors, autotaxin and phospholipase A2 as the potential biomarkers in type 1 endometrial cancer biology. Oncol Rep 2015; 34:2760-7. [PMID: 26327335 DOI: 10.3892/or.2015.4216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2015] [Accepted: 05/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
In order to study lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) signaling associated with type 1 endometrial carcinoma (EC), we evaluated the LPA receptors (LPARs), autotaxin (ATX) and phospholipase A2 (PLA2) expression in EC and normal endometrium with correlation to clinicopathological features. We investigated LPAR1, LPAR2, LPAR3, LPAR4, ATX and PLA2 expression at mRNA and protein levels using quantitative real-time PCR and western blot analyses in 37 ECs and 10 normal endometria. All the examined LPARs (except for LPAR3 protein), ATX and PLA2 were overexpressed in cancerous compared to healthy endometrium. The studied ECs showed the highest LPAR2 and LPAR1 expression. Statistically positive correlations were found between depth of myoinvasion and levels of LPAR1, LPAR2 and PLA2 transcripts and proteins. We also found positive correlations between LPAR1, LPAR2, LPAR4 and PLA2 expression with the International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) stage. The expression of LPAR1, LPAR2 and PLA2 was positively associated with the age of patients. Positive correlations were found between the expression of LPAR1 mRNA, LPAR2 mRNA and protein and LPAR3 mRNA and body mass index (BMI) of the examined patients. We found no association between the expression levels of the studied factors and diabetes or hypertension among the examined patients. Owing to the highest LPAR2 and LPAR1 expression in EC and positive correlations of these two receptors with the depth of myoinvasion and the FIGO stage, we believe that LPAR2 and LPAR1 show promise as predictors of the EC progression as well as the main receptors responsible for LPA action in the EC tissue.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz Wasniewski
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Warmia and Masuria, 10-561 Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Izabela Woclawek-Potocka
- Department of Reproductive Immunology and Pathology, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, 10-747 Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Dorota Boruszewska
- Department of Reproductive Immunology and Pathology, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, 10-747 Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Ilona Kowalczyk-Zieba
- Department of Reproductive Immunology and Pathology, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, 10-747 Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Emilia Sinderewicz
- Department of Reproductive Immunology and Pathology, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, 10-747 Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Grycmacher
- Department of Reproductive Immunology and Pathology, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, 10-747 Olsztyn, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Linkov F, Edwards RP, Althouse A, Rauh-Hain JA, Del Carmen MG, Freese KE, Kelley JL, Olawaiye AB. Obesity, lymphadenectomy and survival outcomes in intermediate to high-risk, early-stage endometrial cancer patients. Future Oncol 2015; 11:607-15. [PMID: 25686116 DOI: 10.2217/fon.14.247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM Lymphadenectomy or lymph node dissection is a topic of controversy in endometrial cancer (EC) treatment. MATERIALS & METHODS Associations between lymph node dissections and clinical factors were retrospectively examined in obese, endometrioid endometrial cancer patients with early-stage disease between 1995 and 2005. Overall, EC-specific and recurrence-free survival were also evaluated. RESULTS Out of 192 patients, 61 (32%) did not have a lymph node examination, 55 (29%) had less than ten lymph nodes removed and 76 (39%) had ≥10 removed. Lymph node dissection count was not significantly associated with overall, EC-specific or recurrence-free survival. CONCLUSION Analysis revealed no significant associations between ≥10 dissected lymph nodes and survival outcomes among obese, EC patients, which supports the need for additional investigation of the merit of lymphadenectomy among these patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Faina Linkov
- Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, 4200 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Canlorbe G, Bendifallah S, Raimond E, Graesslin O, Hudry D, Coutant C, Touboul C, Bleu G, Collinet P, Darai E, Ballester M. Severe Obesity Impacts Recurrence-Free Survival of Women with High-Risk Endometrial Cancer: Results of a French Multicenter Study. Ann Surg Oncol 2014; 22:2714-21. [DOI: 10.1245/s10434-014-4295-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
|
36
|
Baek MH, Lee SW, Park JY, Kim D, Kim JH, Kim YM, Kim YT, Nam JH. Feasibility and safety of laparoscopic surgery for obese Korean women with endometrial cancer: long-term results at a single institution. J Korean Med Sci 2014; 29:1536-43. [PMID: 25408586 PMCID: PMC4234922 DOI: 10.3346/jkms.2014.29.11.1536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2014] [Accepted: 07/25/2014] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the surgical feasibility of and survival outcome after laparoscopy in obese Korean women with endometrial cancer which has recently been increasing. We reviewed the medical records of the patients treated at our medical institution between 1999 and 2012. The patients were divided into three groups, non-obese (Body Mass Index [BMI]<25.0), overweight (BMI 25-27.99), and obese (BMI≥28.0). These patient groups were compared in terms of their clinical characteristics, treatment methods, as well as surgical and survival outcomes. In total, 55 of the 278 eligible patients were obese women. There were no differences in the three groups in terms of the proportion of patients who underwent lymphadenectomy, their cancer stage, histologic type, type of adjuvant treatment administered, intra-, post-operative, and long-term complications, operative time, number of removed lymph nodes, blood loss, and duration of hospitalization (P=0.067, 0.435, 0.757, 0.739, 0.458, 0.173, 0.076, 0.124, 0.770, 0.739, and 0.831, respectively). The Disease-Free Survival (DFS) times were 139.1 vs. 121.6 vs. 135.5 months (P=0.313), and the Overall Survival (OS) times were 145.2 vs. 124.8 vs. 139.5 months (P=0.436) for each group, respectively. Obese women with endometrial cancer can, therefore, be as safely managed using laparoscopy as women with normal BMIs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Min-Hyun Baek
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Shin-Wha Lee
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jeong-Yeol Park
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Daeyeon Kim
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jong-Hyeok Kim
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yong-Man Kim
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young-Tak Kim
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Joo-Hyun Nam
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
O'Rourke RW. Obesity and cancer: at the crossroads of cellular metabolism and proliferation. Surg Obes Relat Dis 2014; 10:1208-19. [PMID: 25264328 PMCID: PMC4267907 DOI: 10.1016/j.soard.2014.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2014] [Revised: 08/19/2014] [Accepted: 08/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is associated with an increased risk of cancer. The mechanisms underlying this association include but are not limited to increased systemic inflammation, an anabolic hormonal milieu, and adipocyte-cancer crosstalk, aberrant stimuli that conspire to promote neoplastic transformation. Cellular proliferation is uncoupled from nutrient availability in malignant cells, promoting tumor progression. Elucidation of the mechanisms underlying the obesity-cancer connection will lead to the development of novel metabolism-based agents for cancer prevention and treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Robert W O'Rourke
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan and Ann Arbor VA Hospital, Ann Arbor, Michigan.
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Jan S, Duquesne M, Marret H, Body G, Ouldamer L. [Influence of Body Mass Index on management and prognosis of women with endometrial cancer]. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 42:766-71. [PMID: 25153444 DOI: 10.1016/j.gyobfe.2014.07.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2013] [Accepted: 04/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to evaluate the outcome of surgery, postoperative morbidity and prognosis of patients with endometrial cancer in function of the body mass index (BMI). PATIENTS AND METHODS The study cohort consisted of consecutive women undergoing surgery for endometrial cancer in our institution between January 2000, and September 2012. Individual records of all patients were reviewed and analyzed. Patient BMI was categorized as underweight, normal, overweight and obese. RESULTS A total of 192 patients were evaluated. Patients were followed for one to 153months with a mean of 52.56months. The mean BMI and the range of each of the BMI categories were 16.97kg/m(2) (14-18), 22.97kg/m(2) (20-24.9), 27.61kg/m(2) (25.7-29.4), 37.34kg/m(2) (30-71). Women with higher BMI were more frequently affected by hypertension (8.3%, 31.43%, 58.13% and 59.7% respectively, P<0.0001) and diabetes (16.67%, 4.3%, 13.9% and 29.85% respectively, P=0.02). Women with normal BMI had more frequently postmenopausal replacement therapy than the other categories (P=0.0004). Surgical operative time, mean length of hospitalization in days were not significantly different among the 4 groups. In the obese group there were significantly higher peroperative blood loss (P=0.01), more wound abces (P=0.05), more eventration (P=0.02) and more reinterventions for complications (P=0.03). Patients had the same protocols of treatment (surgery and adjuvant treatment) and histological characteristics were the same between groups but obese patients had much less positive lymph nodes (P=0.03). There were no statistically significant difference in overall 5-years survival between groups (P=0.54) DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS: Our study demonstrate a survival equivalency for obese and non-obese women even though obese women showed less positive lymph nodes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Jan
- Département de gynécologie, hôpital Bretonneau, centre hospitalier régional universitaire de Tours, 2, boulevard Tonnelé, 37044 Tours, France; Faculté de médecine François-Rabelais, 37044 Tours, France
| | - M Duquesne
- Département de gynécologie, hôpital Bretonneau, centre hospitalier régional universitaire de Tours, 2, boulevard Tonnelé, 37044 Tours, France; Faculté de médecine François-Rabelais, 37044 Tours, France
| | - H Marret
- Département de gynécologie, hôpital Bretonneau, centre hospitalier régional universitaire de Tours, 2, boulevard Tonnelé, 37044 Tours, France; Faculté de médecine François-Rabelais, 37044 Tours, France
| | - G Body
- Département de gynécologie, hôpital Bretonneau, centre hospitalier régional universitaire de Tours, 2, boulevard Tonnelé, 37044 Tours, France; Faculté de médecine François-Rabelais, 37044 Tours, France
| | - L Ouldamer
- Département de gynécologie, hôpital Bretonneau, centre hospitalier régional universitaire de Tours, 2, boulevard Tonnelé, 37044 Tours, France; Faculté de médecine François-Rabelais, 37044 Tours, France; Unité Inserm 1069, 37044 Tours, France.
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Zhou Y, Chlebowski R, LaMonte MJ, Bea JW, Qi L, Wallace R, Lavasani S, Walsh BW, Anderson G, Vitolins M, Sarto G, Irwin ML. Body mass index, physical activity, and mortality in women diagnosed with ovarian cancer: results from the Women's Health Initiative. Gynecol Oncol 2014; 133:4-10. [PMID: 24680584 PMCID: PMC4064800 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2014.01.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2013] [Revised: 01/18/2014] [Accepted: 01/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ovarian cancer is often diagnosed at late stages and consequently the 5-year survival rate is only 44%. However, there is limited knowledge of the association of modifiable lifestyle factors, such as physical activity and obesity on mortality among women diagnosed with ovarian cancer. The purpose of our study was to prospectively investigate the association of (1) measured body mass index (BMI), and (2) self-reported physical activity with ovarian cancer-specific and all-cause mortality in postmenopausal women enrolled in the Women's Health Initiative (WHI). METHODS Participants were 600 women diagnosed with primary ovarian cancer subsequent to enrollment in WHI. Exposure data, including measured height and weight and reported physical activity from recreation and walking, used in this analysis were ascertained at the baseline visit for the WHI. Cox proportional hazard regression was used to examine the associations between BMI, physical activity and mortality endpoints. RESULTS Vigorous-intensity physical activity was associated with a 26% lower risk of ovarian cancer specific-mortality (HR=0.74; 95% CI: 0.56-0.98) and a 24% lower risk of all-cause mortality (HR=0.76; 95% CI: 0.58-0.98) compared to no vigorous-intensity physical activity. BMI was not associated with mortality. CONCLUSIONS Participating in vigorous-intensity physical activity, assessed prior to ovarian cancer diagnosis, appears to be associated with a lower risk of ovarian cancer mortality.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Zhou
- Department of Chronic Disease Epidemiology, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, USA.
| | - Rowan Chlebowski
- David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Torrance, CA, USA
| | - Michael J LaMonte
- Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Health Professions, University of Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | | | - Lihong Qi
- Division of Biostatistics, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Robert Wallace
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Sayeh Lavasani
- Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Brian W Walsh
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Garnet Anderson
- School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Mara Vitolins
- Public Health Sciences, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Gloria Sarto
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Melinda L Irwin
- Department of Chronic Disease Epidemiology, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, USA
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Park JY, Cho JH, Min JY, Kim DY, Kim JH, Kim YM, Kim YT, Nam JH. Impact of body mass index on the prognosis of Korean women with endometrioid adenocarcinoma of the uterus: A cohort study. Obstet Gynecol Sci 2014; 57:115-20. [PMID: 24678484 PMCID: PMC3965694 DOI: 10.5468/ogs.2014.57.2.115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2013] [Revised: 09/15/2013] [Accepted: 10/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To analyze how pretreatment body mass index relates to known endometrial cancer prognostic factors and how it impacts the disease-free survival and cause-specific survival of Korean women with endometrial cancer. METHODS The patients were divided into the non-obese (<25 kg/m(2)) and obese groups (≥25 kg/m(2)) according to their pretreatment body mass index. The 25 kg/m(2) body mass index cut-off was based on the World Health Organization criteria for Asian people. The two groups were compared in terms of their clinicopathological characteristics and survival outcomes. RESULTS A total of 213 consecutive patients with endometrioid adenocarcinoma of the uterus met the eligibility criteria of this study and were included in the analysis. Of these patients, 105 patients had a body mass index less than 25 kg/m(2) (non-obese group) and 108 patients had a body mass index equal to or more than 25 kg/m(2) (obese group). The two groups did not differ in terms of age, menopause, parity, height, FIGO (International Federation of Obstetrics and Gynecology) stage, tumor grade, tumor size, myometrial invasion, lymphovascular space invasion, cytology, and lymph node metastasis. Body mass index was not a significant factor for disease-free and cause-specific survival in univariate analysis, and after adjusting for all prognostic factors that were significant in univariate analysis, it did not associate significantly with disease-free and cause-specific survival. CONCLUSION In Korean women with endometrioid adenocarcinoma of the uterus, a high pretreatment body mass index did not associate with other prognostic factors and had little impact on the disease-free survival and cause-specific survival of these women.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jeong-Yeol Park
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jae-Hyun Cho
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jin-Young Min
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Dae-Yeon Kim
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jong-Hyeok Kim
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yong-Man Kim
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young-Tak Kim
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Joo-Hyun Nam
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Joehlin-Price AS, Perrino CM, Stephens J, Backes FJ, Goodfellow PJ, Cohn DE, Suarez AA. Mismatch repair protein expression in 1049 endometrial carcinomas, associations with body mass index, and other clinicopathologic variables. Gynecol Oncol 2014; 133:43-7. [PMID: 24444820 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2014.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2013] [Revised: 01/07/2014] [Accepted: 01/11/2014] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Links between obesity, with its attendant estrogen abnormalities, and the endometrial carcinoma (EC) DNA Mismatch Repair Protein (MMR) system have recently been proposed. We investigated relationships between body mass index (BMI) and clinicopathological correlates including MMR expression in a large single institution EC cohort. METHODS Clinical and pathological databases from 2007 to 2012 were used to identify consecutive hysterectomy specimens with EC. Univariate and multivariate analyses were used to explore relationships between BMI, age, stage, tumor type and immunohistochemical results for MLH1, PMS2, MSH2 and MSH6. RESULTS 1049 EC were identified. Overall, BMI was higher amongst women with normal MMR (p=0.002). However, when stratified by age and specific MMR, statistically significant differences localized exclusively to women <50years old with loss of MSH2 and/or MSH6 (p=0.003 and p=0.005 respectively). Higher BMI correlated with endometrioid FIGO 1 and 2 tumors (p<0.001) and with stage 1a (p<0.001). Conversely, MMR abnormalities did not show significant associations with stage (p=0.302) or histologic grade (p=0.097). CONCLUSIONS BMI showed statistically significant associations with MMR expression, tumor grade and stage amongst 1049 consecutive EC. Obesity correlates with lower grade and stage EC. A link between BMI and maintenance of the MMR system is not supported by our data because the only statistically significant association occurred in women <50years old with MSH2 and/or MSH6 abnormalities where Lynch syndrome related cases are expected to cluster.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amy S Joehlin-Price
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Carmen M Perrino
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University in Saint Louis, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Julie Stephens
- Center of Biostatistics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Floor J Backes
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Paul J Goodfellow
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - David E Cohn
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Adrian A Suarez
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Jarzabek K, Koda M, Walentowicz-Sadlecka M, Grabiec M, Laudanski P, Wolczynski S. Altered expression of ERs, aromatase, and COX2 connected to estrogen action in type 1 endometrial cancer biology. Tumour Biol 2013; 34:4007-16. [PMID: 23873111 PMCID: PMC3858613 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-013-0991-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2013] [Accepted: 07/01/2013] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
In order to study estrogen-driven microenvironment associated with type 1 endometrial carcinoma, we evaluated estrogen receptors (ERs), aromatase, and cyclooxygenase II (COX2) molecular and immunohistochemical profiles with correlation to clinicopathological features. We investigated aromatase, ERα, ERβ, and COX2 expression at the mRNA and protein levels using quantitative real-time PCR and immunohistochemical method in 51 endometrial carcinomas and 16 normal endometria. All the studied tumors, as well as normal endometria, expressed ERα, ERβ, and COX2 mRNAs. Five endometrial carcinoma tissues and one normal endometrium showed no aromatase mRNA expression. The majority of tumors expressed ERα (82%), aromatase (80%), and COX2 (88%) proteins. Forty-one percent of the studied tumors were ERβ-negative. ERα and ERβ showed significantly decreased mRNA and protein expression levels in endometrial carcinoma as compared to normal endometrium. An opposite trend was shown for COX2 and aromatase proteins. ERα expression correlated positively with COX2 expression at both mRNA and protein levels (P < 0.005, r = 0.398; P < 0.0005, r = 0.510, respectively). There was also a positive correlation between COX2 and aromatase expression in cancer tissue (P < 0.002, r = 0.433 for transcriptional level; P < 0.0005, r = 0.614 for protein level). We observed positive correlations between ERβ and ERα, as well as between ERβ and COX2 at the transcriptional level only (P < 0.0005, r = 0.644; P < 0.002, r = 0.444, respectively). Negative correlations were found between pT category of primary tumor and levels of ERα and ERβ transcripts (P < 0.02, r = -0.332; P < 0.02, r = -0.348, respectively). A negative association between ERβ and the International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) staging was also found. The growth of EC1 with the presence of ERα and overexpression of aromatase and COX2 is dependent on estrogens. We believe that ERβ may be considered as a potential marker in the progression of disease in endometrial cancer patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Jarzabek
- Department of Biology and Pathology of Human Reproduction in Bialystok, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Olsztyn, Sklodowskiej 24A, 15-276, Bialystok, Poland,
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Huang PY, Wang CT, Cao KJ, Guo X, Guo L, Mo HY, Wen BX, Wu YS, Mai HQ, Hong MH. Pretreatment body mass index as an independent prognostic factor in patients with locoregionally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma treated with chemoradiotherapy: findings from a randomised trial. Eur J Cancer 2013; 49:1923-31. [PMID: 23434149 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2013.01.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2012] [Revised: 01/22/2013] [Accepted: 01/28/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the relationship between the pretreatment body mass index (BMI) and the clinical outcomes in patients with locoregionally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma treated with combination of chemotherapy and radiotherapy. METHODS From August 2002 to April 2005, 400 patients with stage III or stage IVa nasopharyngeal carcinoma were recruited for a randomised clinical trial of induction chemotherapy combined with radiotherapy or concurrent chemoradiotherapy. The patients were divided into four groups of underweight (BMI<18.5kg/m(2)), normal weight (BMI 18.5-22.9kg/m(2)), overweight (BMI 23.0-27.4kg/m(2)) or obese (BMI≥27.5kg/m(2)) according to the World Health Organization classifications for Asian populations. The differences in the long-term survival, of these four BMI groups were analysed. RESULTS The 5-year failure-free survival rates for the underweight, normal weight, overweight and obese groups were 44%, 61%, 68% and 73%, respectively (p=0.014), and the 5-year overall survival rates were 51%, 68%, 80% and 72% (p=0.001), respectively. BMI was a strongly favoured prognostic factor of overall survival and failure-free survival in a Cox regression model. CONCLUSIONS Pretreatment body mass index was a simple, reliable independent prognostic factor for patients with locoregionally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma treated with chemoradiotherapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Yu Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, PR China; Department of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, PR China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Arem H, Chlebowski R, Stefanick ML, Anderson G, Wactawski-Wende J, Sims S, Gunter MJ, Irwin ML. Body mass index, physical activity, and survival after endometrial cancer diagnosis: results from the Women's Health Initiative. Gynecol Oncol 2013; 128:181-6. [PMID: 23127972 PMCID: PMC3552067 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2012.10.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2012] [Revised: 10/24/2012] [Accepted: 10/29/2012] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE While low physical activity and high body mass index (BMI) have been associated with higher endometrial cancer incidence, no previous studies have evaluated the association between physical activity and survival after endometrial cancer diagnosis, and studies on BMI and survival have not been performed in a prospective cohort. METHODS We examined pre-diagnosis BMI and moderate- to vigorous-intensity physical activity in relation to overall and disease-specific survival among 983 postmenopausal women who were diagnosed with endometrial cancer in the Women's Health Initiative Observational Study and Clinical Trials. RESULTS Over a median 5.2 (max 14.1) years from diagnosis to death or end of follow-up, 163 total deaths were observed, 66 of which were due to endometrial cancer. We observed a higher all-cause mortality hazard ratio (HR) = 1.85 (95% CI 1.19-2.88) comparing women with a BMI ≥ 35 kg/m(2) to women with BMI< 25 kg/m(2). For endometrial cancer-specific mortality the HR = 2.23 (95% CI 1.09-4.54) comparing extreme BMI categories. To examine histologic subtypes we analyzed type I endometrial tumors separately and found an HR = 1.20 (95% CI 1.07-1.35) associated with all-cause mortality for each 5-unit change in BMI. Moderate- to vigorous-intensity physical activity was not associated with all-cause or endometrial cancer-specific mortality. CONCLUSIONS Pre-diagnosis BMI, but not physical activity, was associated with survival among women with endometrial cancer. Future studies should investigate mechanisms and timing of BMI onset to better understand the burden of disease attributable to BMI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Arem
- Yale School of Public Health, 60 College St, New Haven, CT
| | - Rowan Chlebowski
- Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA
| | - Marcia L. Stefanick
- Stanford Prevention Research Center, School of Medicine, Stanford University, California
| | - Garnet Anderson
- Division of Public Health Sciences, WHI Clinical Coordinating Center, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA
| | - Jean Wactawski-Wende
- Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY
| | - Stacy Sims
- Stanford Prevention Research Center, School of Medicine, Stanford University, California
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Arem H, Park Y, Pelser C, Ballard-Barbash R, Irwin ML, Hollenbeck A, Gierach GL, Brinton LA, Pfeiffer RM, Matthews CE. Prediagnosis body mass index, physical activity, and mortality in endometrial cancer patients. J Natl Cancer Inst 2013; 105:342-9. [PMID: 23297041 DOI: 10.1093/jnci/djs530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Higher body mass index (BMI) and inactivity have been associated with a higher risk of developing endometrial cancer, but the impact on endometrial cancer survival is unclear. Methods Among incident endometrial cancer case subjects in the National Institutes of Health-AARP Diet and Health Study, we examined associations of prediagnosis BMI (n = 1400) and physical activity (n = 875) with overall and disease-specific 5- and 10-year mortality. Using Cox proportional hazards regression, we estimated hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs), adjusting for tumor characteristics, treatment, and other risk factors. All statistical tests were two-sided. Results Compared with women with a BMI in the range of 18.5 to less than 25kg/m(2), the hazard ratios for 5-year all-cause mortality were 1.74 (95% CI = 1.13 to 2.66) for BMI in the range of 25 to less than 30kg/m(2), 1.84 (95% CI = 1.17 to 2.88) for BMI in the range of 30 to less than 35kg/m(2), and 2.35 (95% CI = 1.48 to 3.73) for BMI greater than or equal to 35kg/m(2) (P trend < .001). Higher BMI was also statistically significantly associated with poorer endometrial cancer-specific but not cardiovascular disease 5-year mortality. Hazard ratio estimates for 10-year all-cause and endometrial cancer-specific mortality as related to BMI were similar to 5-year hazard ratio estimates, whereas 10-year cardiovascular disease mortality became statistically significant (HR = 4.08; 95% CI = 1.56 to 10.71 comparing extreme BMI groups). More physical activity was related to lower all-cause 5-year mortality (HR = 0.57, 95% CI = 0.33 to 0.98 for >7 hours/week vs never/rarely), but the association was attenuated after adjustment for BMI (HR = 0.64, 95% CI = 0.37 to 1.12). No association was observed between physical activity and disease-specific mortality. Conclusions Our findings suggest that higher prediagnosis BMI increases risk of overall and disease-specific mortality among women diagnosed with endometrial cancer, whereas physical activity lowers risk. Intervention studies of the effect of these modifiable lifestyle factors on mortality are needed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Arem
- MHS, 6120 Executive Blvd, EPS 3029, Rockville, MD 20852, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Legge F, Margariti PA, Lucidi A, Macchia G, Petrillo M, Iannone V, Carone V, Morganti AG, Scambia G, Ferrandina G. Completion surgery after concomitant chemoradiation in obese women with locally advanced cervical cancer: Evaluation of toxicity and outcome measures. Acta Oncol 2013; 52:166-73. [PMID: 22746313 DOI: 10.3109/0284186x.2012.698753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aims at comparing the morbidity and oncologic outcomes in normal weight, overweight, and obese women with locally advanced cervical cancers (LACC) submitted to radical surgery after chemoradiation. METHODS A review of LACC patients with body mass index (BMI) ≥ 18.5 kg/m(2) who underwent neoadjuvant chemoradiation followed by radical surgery between January 1996 and December 2010 was performed. BMI categories were created according to the World Health Organization (WHO) classification. RESULTS Two hundred sixty-eight women met the inclusion criteria: 118 (44.0%) were normal weight, 100 (37.3%) overweight and 50 (18.7%) obese. The median follow-up was 42 months. Higher BMI was associated with older age (p = 0.0041), while there were no differences among the three groups in Charlson comorbidity score, tumor characteristics, radiotherapy dosing, type of surgery, and pathological response. There were no differences among the three groups in the intraoperative and postoperative complications as well as rate of patients requiring adjuvant treatments: 21 (7.8%) patients experienced grade 3-4 toxicity, including six normal weight, 12 overweight and three obese patients (p = 0.14). Only the rate of grade 1-2 skin toxicity was higher in obese (14%) with respect to overweight (1%) and normal women (0%) (p = 0.00001). There were no differences in the five-year DFS (74%, 77%, and 84% for normal weight, overweight, and obese women, respectively, p = n.s.), and five-year OS (76%, 78%, and 78% for normal weight, overweight, and obese women, respectively, p = n.s.). CONCLUSIONS The role of obesity should not be overestimated when evaluating the chance of enrolment of LACC patients into preoperative chemoradiation protocols.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Legge
- Gynecologic Oncology Unit, Giovanni Paolo II Foundation, Campobasso, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Matsuo K, Gray MJ, Yang DY, Srivastava SA, Tripathi PB, Sonoda LA, Yoo EJ, Dubeau L, Lee AS, Lin YG. The endoplasmic reticulum stress marker, glucose-regulated protein-78 (GRP78) in visceral adipocytes predicts endometrial cancer progression and patient survival. Gynecol Oncol 2012. [PMID: 23200913 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2012.11.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Currently, accurately identifying endometrial cancer patients at high risk for recurrence remains poor. To ascertain if changes in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress marker, glucose-regulated-protein-78 (GRP78) can serve as a prognosticator in endometrial cancer, we examined GRP78 expression in patient samples to determine its association with clinical outcome. METHODS A retrospective cohort study was conducted in endometrial cancer patients. Archived specimens of visceral adipocytes and paired endometrial tumors were analyzed by immunohistochemistry for GRP78 and another ER stress marker, C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP). Expression of these markers was correlated with clinico-pathological information and outcomes. RESULTS GRP78 expression in visceral adipocytes was detected in 95% of the 179 endometrial cancer patients with analyzable visceral adipocytes. Within individual samples, 24% of adipocytes (range, 0-90%, interquartile range 18%-38%) exhibited GRP78 expression. High visceral adipocyte GRP78 expression positively correlated with advanced-stage disease (p=0.007) and deep myometrial invasion (p=0.004). High visceral adipocyte GRP78 expression was significantly associated with decreased disease-free survival (DFS) in multivariate analyses (hazard ratio 2.88, 95% CI 1.37-6.04, p=0.005). CHOP expression paralleled the GRP78 expression in adipocytes (r=0.55, p<0.001) and in the tumor (p=0.018). CONCLUSIONS Our study demonstrates that the ER stress markers, GRP78 and CHOP, are elevated in endometrial cancer patients. Furthermore, GRP78 expression levels in visceral adipocytes from these patients were significantly correlated to disease stage and patient survival. Our results demonstrate, for the first time, that the GRP78 levels in endometrial cancer patients may be a prognosticator and aid with clinical risk stratification and focused surveillance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Koji Matsuo
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics/Gynecology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Bittoni MA, Fisher JL, Fowler JM, Maxwell GL, Paskett ED. Assessment of the effects of severe obesity and lifestyle risk factors on stage of endometrial cancer. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2012; 22:76-81. [PMID: 23118146 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-12-0843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lifestyle risk factors, including obesity, have been associated with increased risk of endometrial cancer (EC). Women with higher obesity levels tend to have less aggressive EC disease stage and histology. This study further investigated associations between nonmodifiable risk factors, such as age, race, and grade, and modifiable lifestyle factors, such as diet and physical activity expenditure, in relation to severe obesity and late versus early EC stage at diagnosis. METHODS Demographic, anthropometric, and lifestyle surveys were administered to 177 women with histologically confirmed EC. Logistic regression analyses assessed the relationship between obesity and other risk factors on EC stage at diagnosis. RESULTS In multivariate models, body mass index (BMI) < 35 was not significantly associated with late EC stage at diagnosis (OR = 1.67, P = 0.219) when adjusting for grade and age. Grade was significantly associated with EC stage when controlling for BMI and age (OR = 8.48, P = .000). Women more than the age of 60 had a fourfold increased risk of diagnosis at late versus early EC stage when adjusting for other risk factors. Age had a confounding effect on the obesity-EC stage association. CONCLUSIONS Our results corroborate those of past studies showing that BMI is not an independent risk factor for EC stage and that age may have confounded the obesity-EC stage association. Because of mixed results and implications for treatment outcomes, however, further research examining these variables is warranted. IMPACT Our results provide further insight into the obesity EC-stage association, especially the confounding effect of age. Future studies should examine modifiable lifestyle factors in larger and more diverse populations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marisa A Bittoni
- Division of Epidemiology, The Ohio State University College of Public Health, Columbus, OH, USA.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Tyler CP, Whiteman MK, Zapata LB, Hillis SD, Curtis KM, McDonald J, Wingo PA, Kulkarni A, Marchbanks PA. The Effect of Body Mass Index and Weight Change on Epithelial Ovarian Cancer Survival in Younger Women: A Long-Term Follow-Up Study. J Womens Health (Larchmt) 2012; 21:865-71. [DOI: 10.1089/jwh.2012.3487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Crystal P. Tyler
- Epidemic Intelligence Service, Career Development Division, Office of Workforce and Career Development, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
- Division of Reproductive Health, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Maura K. Whiteman
- Division of Reproductive Health, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Lauren B. Zapata
- Division of Reproductive Health, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Susan D. Hillis
- Division of Reproductive Health, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Kathryn M. Curtis
- Division of Reproductive Health, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Jill McDonald
- Division of Reproductive Health, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | | | - Aniket Kulkarni
- Division of Reproductive Health, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Polly A. Marchbanks
- Division of Reproductive Health, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Lino-Silva LS, de León DC, Salcedo-Hernández RA, Cavazos-Saman C, Pérez-Montiel MD. A high body mass index is not a worse prognostic factor for endometrial carcinoma in a predominantly obese population. Clin Transl Oncol 2012; 15:243-7. [DOI: 10.1007/s12094-012-0906-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2012] [Accepted: 06/07/2012] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
|