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Sheng J, Yang Y, Lin P, Xiao Y, Sun Y, Fei G, Wang X, Liu F, Li M, Su L, Ma J, Stallones L, Xiang H, Zhang X. The association of school bullying victimization and suicidal ideation among school-aged adolescents in Yixing City, China. J Affect Disord 2024; 365:518-526. [PMID: 39191314 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2024.08.124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2024] [Accepted: 08/23/2024] [Indexed: 08/29/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Research on the associations of type-specific bullying victimization and poly-bullying victimization with suicidal ideation is limited and contradictory. This study aimed to examine these associations among school-aged adolescents. METHODS A total of 13,258 students from 3 middle schools and 4 high schools in a southern city in China completed a cross-sectional questionnaire in 2019. Multinomial logistic regressions were used to examine associations between type-specific bullying victimization and poly-victimization with suicidal ideation. RESULTS The latent class analysis identified three subgroups of suicidal ideation: low (70.0 %), moderate (24.0 %), and high (6.0 %). Compared with non-bullying victimization in the past year, the corresponding adjusted odds ratios [aOR] (95 % CI) of moderate and high suicidal ideation for only physical victimization were 1.74 (1.15, 2.63) and 2.51 (1.18, 5.38), respectively, for only relational victimization were 1.26 (0.97, 1.62) and 2.48 (1.65, 3.71), respectively, for only verbal victimization were 1.45 (1.17, 1.78) and 1.42 (0.90, 2.22), respectively, for only property victimization were 1.30 (1.03, 1.65) and 1.31 (0.80, 2.16), respectively, and for sexual victimization were 1.38 (1.03, 1.83) and 2.45 (1.50, 3.99), respectively. Poly-bullying victimization was associated with moderate (aORtwo = 1.45 (1.24, 1.70); aORthree = 1.70 (1.41, 2.05), aORfour = 2.03 (1.61, 2.58), aORfive = 2.48 (1.74, 3.53)) and high suicidal ideation (aORtwo = 2.01 (1.49, 2.70), aORthree = 3.87 (2.86, 5.25), aORfour = 4.55 (3.20,6.46), aORfive = 7.90 (5.06, 12.33)). LIMITATIONS The research design is cross-sectional, and relevant data was based on self-reports. CONCLUSIONS Different types of bullying victimization were associated with suicidal ideation and poly-bullying victimization and suicidal ideation association shows a dose-response-relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiating Sheng
- Injury Prevention Research Institute, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yaming Yang
- Yixing Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Yixing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Ping Lin
- Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yue Xiao
- Yixing Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Yixing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yan Sun
- Yixing Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Yixing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Gaoqiang Fei
- Injury Prevention Research Institute, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xiaoyu Wang
- Injury Prevention Research Institute, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Fangdu Liu
- Injury Prevention Research Institute, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Minhui Li
- Injury Prevention Research Institute, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Liyan Su
- Injury Prevention Research Institute, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Jun Ma
- Injury Prevention Research Institute, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Lorann Stallones
- Colorado Injury Control Research Center, Department of Psychology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Henry Xiang
- Center for Injury Research and Policy, The Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Xujun Zhang
- Injury Prevention Research Institute, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China.
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Mullet N, Waterman EA, Edwards KM, Banyard V, Valente TW. Social networks and violence victimization and perpetration among youth: A longitudinal analysis. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF COMMUNITY PSYCHOLOGY 2024; 73:408-418. [PMID: 37890006 DOI: 10.1002/ajcp.12716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
Interpersonal violence (IV) is a serious concern for adolescents in the United States that has devastating impacts for individuals and communities. Given the increased importance placed on friendships during adolescence, the purpose of the current study was to examine the extent to which IV experiences cluster within youths' friendship networks. Participants were students (N = 1303) in grades 7th to 10th who completed surveys at the beginning and end of an academic year. Results showed that friends' average perpetration (i.e., the percentage of the friends they nominated who perpetrated IV) was strongly associated with likelihood of individual perpetration at baseline but not at the follow-up. For victimization, friends' average report of victimization (i.e., the percentage of the friends they nominated who were victimized) was associated with higher likelihood reporting of victimization (at both baseline and follow-up). Although future research is needed to understand explanatory mechanisms underlying these findings, it is possible that the effectiveness of prevention initiatives may be enhanced by incorporating peer group information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natira Mullet
- Human Development and Family Science, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota, USA
| | - Emily A Waterman
- Developmental Psychology, Bennington College, Bennington, Vermont, USA
| | - Katie M Edwards
- Nebraska Center for Research on Children, Youth, Families and Schools, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska, USA
| | - Victoria Banyard
- School of Social Work, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
| | - Thomas W Valente
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Institute for Prevention Research, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
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Cao J, Yuan W, Xu X, Liu X. Reciprocal Links Between Friendship Quality and Peer Victimization Among Middle Adolescents. JOURNAL OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE 2024; 39:2127-2147. [PMID: 38110332 DOI: 10.1177/08862605231218684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2023]
Abstract
There is a robust association between friendship quality and victimization in adolescence; yet, it remains unclear whether friendship quality may be linked causally with different forms of victimization in middle adolescence. To fill this gap, this study examines the bidirectional associations of friendship quality and relational/verbal victimization with data collected at two time points, 6 months apart, in a sample of 671 middle Chinese adolescents (Mage = 15.63, SDage = 0.73, 49% males). Cross-lagged panel analyses revealed a two-way relationship between friendship quality and victimization, which existed in both verbal and relational victimization. Multi-group panel analyses observed that the cross-lagged associations between friendship quality and relational/verbal victimization were only found for males, but not for females. This result suggests that adolescent males' victimization is both affected by and a predictor of friendship quality, with implications for youth prevention programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Cao
- Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Wen Yuan
- Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaodan Xu
- Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Xu Liu
- Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
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Schaathun IL, Nenseth IR, Rognmo K, Hafstad GS. Factors differentiating risk of sexual abuse victimization by adults and peers among adolescents. CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT 2024; 151:106707. [PMID: 38430619 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2024.106707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Revised: 02/10/2024] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Research suggests that around half of all cases of sexual abuse among children and adolescents are perpetrated by peers. Yet, there is limited understanding of the distinct risk factors associated with adult versus peer offenders. OBJECTIVE To identify factors that increase the risk of sexual abuse victimization and explores variations in these factors depending on whether the perpetrator was an adult or a peer. PARTICIPANTS AND SETTING 9240 secondary school students aged between 12 and 16 years (M = 14, SD = 0.88) in Norway participated. METHODS An electronic questionnaire was administered in schools to investigate experiences of sexual abuse and potential risk factors. The data were analyzed using multiple logistic regression analyses. RESULTS Two factors were related to a greater risk of being a victim of sexual abuse committed by an adult than a peer: background from a non-European country (OR = 1.93, p = 0.038) and other experiences of violence (OR = 1.63-2.91, p < 0.005). The use of alcohol was found to be related to a greater risk of victimization by peers than by adults (OR = 0.53, p = 0.031). CONCLUSIONS Adolescents vulnerable to sexual abuse exhibit common traits, regardless of whether the perpetrator is an adult or peer. Yet, specific factors heighten the risk with peers over adults, and vice versa. Recognizing distinct risk factors for abuse by adults and peers enables decision-makers and community workers to create targeted prevention strategies for children and adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iris Linnea Schaathun
- Norwegian Centre for Violence and Traumatic Stress Studies, Oslo, Norway; UiT the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Ian Revhaug Nenseth
- Norwegian Centre for Violence and Traumatic Stress Studies, Oslo, Norway; UiT the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
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Physical violence against children with disabilities: A Danish national birth cohort prospective study. Eur J Psychotraumatol 2023; 14:2173764. [PMID: 37052095 PMCID: PMC9946304 DOI: 10.1080/20008066.2023.2173764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Children with disabilities are at heightened risk of violence compared to their non-disabled peers. However, extant research suffers from several limitations, focusing on child abuse and one or few types of disability, ignoring conventional violent crimes.Objective: The aim was to assess 10 disabilities and to examine whether different disabilities vary in their risk of criminal victimization.Method: Using the Danish Psychiatric Case Register, the Criminal Register, and other population-based registers, we included nine birth cohorts (n = 570,351) and followed them until 18 years of age. We compared children exposed to violence with non-exposed children. We estimated odds ratios (ORs) for the disabilities and adjusted the ORs for several risk factors.Results: We identified 12,830 cases of reported violence (2.25% of the population) towards children and adolescents. Children with disabilities were overrepresented, as were boys and ethnic minorities. After controlling for risk factors, four disabilities had heightened risk for criminal violence: attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), brain injury, speech, and physical disabilities. When we compared risk factors controlling for the various disabilities, parental history of violence, family break-up, out-of-home placement, and parental unemployment contributed especially to the violence, while parental alcohol/drug abuse was no longer a predictor. Having several disabilities increased the risk of violence.Conclusions: Criminal victimization of children and adolescents with specific disabilities was common. However, compared to the previous decade, a considerable reduction of one-third has taken place. Four risk factors contributed particularly to the risk of violence; therefore, precautions should be taken to further reduce the violence.
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DeGue S, Ray CM, Bontempo D, Niolon PH, Tracy AJ, Estefan LF, Le VD, Little TD. Prevalence of Violence Victimization and Perpetration During Middle and High School in Underresourced, Urban Communities. VIOLENCE AND VICTIMS 2023; 38:839-857. [PMID: 37949460 PMCID: PMC10953482 DOI: 10.1891/vv-2022-0033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
This study describes rates of violence victimization, perpetration, and witnessing in 6th-11th grade for a multisite sample (N = 3,466) of predominantly Black and Hispanic middle- and high-school students from urban areas with high rates of crime and economic disadvantage. Students completed surveys in middle and high school assessing teen dating violence, stalking, sexual violence and harassment, bullying, cyberbullying, and physical violence perpetration and victimization, as well as witnessing violence. The highest prevalence rates are observed most often in 8th or 9th grade. Youth reported high rates of witnessing serious assault and severe community violence throughout adolescence. These findings suggest that efforts to prevent violence among youth living in under-resourced communities need to start early and address community-level socioeconomic disparities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah DeGue
- Division of Violence Prevention, National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Colleen M Ray
- Division of Violence Prevention, National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Daniel Bontempo
- College of Education, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Phyllis Holditch Niolon
- Division of Violence Prevention, National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Allison J Tracy
- Division of Violence Prevention, National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Lianne Fuino Estefan
- Division of Violence Prevention, National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Vi D Le
- Division of Violence Prevention, National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Todd D Little
- College of Education, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA
- Optentia Research Focus Area, North-West University, Vanderbijlpark, South Africa
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Kaya Kara O, Kose B, Cetin SY, Sahin S, Kara K. Community Participation, Supports and Barriers of Adolescents with and without Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder. Phys Occup Ther Pediatr 2023; 44:380-397. [PMID: 37661765 DOI: 10.1080/01942638.2023.2253899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
AIM To compare participation patterns, environmental supports, and barriers to community activities in adolescents with and without attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in Turkey. METHODS Participants were 94 adolescents with ADHD and 109 adolescents without ADHD ages 13-17 years (mean age 14.6, S.D 1.49 years) Participation frequency, involvement rate, mothers who desired change, and environmental supports and barriers in a community setting were assessed with the Participation and Environment Measure for Children and Youth (PEM-CY). RESULTS Adolescents with ADHD participated 20.3% less frequently in socializing with peers in the community than adolescents without ADHD. With moderate to large effect sizes, the mean involvement rate in four community activities, including neighborhood outings, community events, socializing with peers in the community, and religious activities, was significantly lower for adolescents with ADHD than for adolescents without ADHD. CONCLUSION Adolescents with ADHD participate less frequently and are less involved in socializing with peers in the community. Almost half of all ADHD adolescents never participate in community events. It was seen that cognitive difficulties, sensory qualities, and safety may prevent adolescents with ADHD from socializing with peers in the community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ozgun Kaya Kara
- Department of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Barkin Kose
- Department of Occupational Therapy, University of Health Sciences Turkey, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Sebahat Yaprak Cetin
- Department of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Sedef Sahin
- Department of Occupational Therapy, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Koray Kara
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University of Health Sciences Turkey, Antalya Training and Research Hospital, Antalya, Turkey
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Polanco C, Paskewich BS, Leff SS, Waasdorp TE. Relational Peer Victimization as a Predictor of Academic Engagement. JOURNAL OF CHILD AND FAMILY STUDIES 2023; 32:1882-1894. [PMID: 37484688 PMCID: PMC10361692 DOI: 10.1007/s10826-022-02470-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/02/2022] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
Peer victimization can be detrimental to youth. This study examines a particular type of peer victimization, relational peer victimization, and its effect on students' engagement in the classroom. We specifically investigate the longitudinal relationship between relational peer victimization and academic engagement in a sample of 204 Black 3rd through 5th grade elementary school students by utilizing multiple informants: students and their parents reported on relational peer victimization, and teachers reported on students' academic engagement. Our findings showed convergence between student and parent reports of relational peer victimization and revealed that experiencing relational peer victimization during the beginning of the school year (fall) negatively predicts teacher reported academic engagement towards the end of the school year (spring). Our study suggests that relational peer victimization is a critical issue that educators and researchers should consider when trying to foster academic engagement. There is also a need for further research regarding the role that families play in providing support to Black relationally victimized youth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila Polanco
- Department of Human Development and Family Sciences, The University of Delaware, 111 Alison Hall West, 19716 Newark, DE, USA
- Center for Violence Prevention, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, 3401 Civic Center Blvd, 19104 Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Brooke S. Paskewich
- Center for Violence Prevention, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, 3401 Civic Center Blvd, 19104 Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Stephen S. Leff
- Center for Violence Prevention, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, 3401 Civic Center Blvd, 19104 Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Tracy E. Waasdorp
- Center for Violence Prevention, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, 3401 Civic Center Blvd, 19104 Philadelphia, PA, USA
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Kelner WC, Wolford-Clevenger C, Garner AR, Elledge LC, Stuart GL. Applying the interpersonal-psychological theory of suicide to inform the association between bullying victimization and suicidal ideation in college students. JOURNAL OF AMERICAN COLLEGE HEALTH : J OF ACH 2023:1-9. [PMID: 37289987 DOI: 10.1080/07448481.2023.2217721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Objective: Victims of bullying are at increased risk for suicidal ideation. The purpose of the current study is to examine the impact of bullying victimization in childhood on college student's current report of suicidal ideation through two mechanisms derived from the interpersonal-psychological theory of suicide. Participants: Our sample consists of 304 undergraduate college students from a large, southeastern university. Methods: We employed a cross-sectional design with self-report surveys to examine the indirect effects of childhood bullying victimization frequency on suicidal ideation through thwarted belongingness and perceived burdensomeness. Results: The association between bullying victimization and suicidal ideation was explained by perceived burdensomeness, but not thwarted belongingness. Conclusions: Bullying victimization in childhood may have distal effects on suicidal ideation through influencing perceptions of worthlessness and self-hatred. Interventions in college settings that address the impact of bullying victimization on perceived burdensomeness may reduce potential for suicidal ideation among college students.
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Affiliation(s)
- William C Kelner
- Department of Psychology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Caitlin Wolford-Clevenger
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Alisa R Garner
- Department of Psychology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee, USA
| | - L Christian Elledge
- Department of Psychology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Gregory L Stuart
- Department of Psychology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee, USA
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Tone EB, Henrich CC. Peer victimization and social confidence in youth with disabilities. JOURNAL OF APPLIED DEVELOPMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.appdev.2023.101519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/03/2023]
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Zhang Y, Chen JK. Emotional Intelligence and School Bullying Victimization in Children and Youth Students: A Meta-Analysis. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:4746. [PMID: 36981648 PMCID: PMC10048845 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20064746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
School victimization among children and youth is a global public health issue that has long-term adverse effects on the victims' mental health and behavioral development. Theories and research suggest that emotional intelligence may operate as a buffer against school bullying victimization. However, the strength of the association between emotional intelligence and bullying victimization is controversial. Therefore, we aimed to conduct a meta-analysis to evaluate the exact association between Emotional intelligence and school bullying victimization. We conducted a systematic search in PubMed, Web of Science, ProQuest Dissertations, Google Scholar, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) from inception to March 2022 for relevant studies that examine the association between emotional intelligence and school bullying victimization without a language limit. Twenty-four articles were included in our meta-analysis (n = 27,438). There was a small, negative, and significant association between emotional intelligence and school victimization among children and youth students. Sex and emotional intelligence measurement tools were variables that significantly moderated the link between emotional intelligence and bullying victimization. The findings indicated that improving students' emotional intelligence could be a crucial strategy to lower the students' risk of being bullied in school and online. It would be more effective among male students.
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12
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Early co-occurrence of peer victimization and aggression. Dev Psychopathol 2023; 35:257-273. [PMID: 34620255 DOI: 10.1017/s0954579421000523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
An accelerated longitudinal research design was used to examine heterogeneity in the developmental co-occurrence of peer relational victimization and aggression and of peer overt victimization and aggression from age 4.5 to 10.5 years. Data were gathered from four cohorts of children in kindergarten to Grade 3 (N = 503) on six occasions across 2 years. Psychopathology, peer, and social-cognitive factors were examined as predictors of the joint trajectories. Sequential process latent growth mixture models identified four distinct subgroups for the relational trajectories (co-occurring increasing aggression, co-occurring increasing victimization, high chronic victimization, typical low risk) and four distinct subgroups for the overt trajectories (co-occurring decelerating aggression, high chronic victimization, moderate chronic victimization, typical low risk). Membership in the co-occurring trajectories was associated with psychopathology and membership in the chronic victimization trajectories was related to internalizing and social-cognitive problems but also peer likeability.
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Grummitt LR, Keyes KM, Rajan S, Kelly EV, Barrett EL, Newton NC. Clusters of Adversity Types Among U.S. Youth: Associations With Mental Health. Am J Prev Med 2022; 63:331-340. [PMID: 35523697 DOI: 10.1016/j.amepre.2022.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Revised: 03/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Childhood adversities are risk factors for subsequent mental health problems. Research commonly focuses on adverse childhood experiences, despite evidence that other exposures, such as neighborhood violence or peer victimization, co-occur with adverse childhood experiences and are associated with similar mental health outcomes. This study explored the clustering of these exposures and examined the associations with mental health. METHODS Data were a nationally representative sample of U.S. children aged 10-17 years (N=1,959), collected in 2013-2014. Latent class analysis was conducted on 22 types of childhood adversity. Regression models examined associations with mental health and substance use. These secondary analyses were conducted in 2021. RESULTS A total of 5 classes were identified: Low all (59% of the sample), Abuse (29%), High multiple adversities (5%), Peer adversity (4%), and Neighborhood violence (4%). All classes had poorer mental health and a higher prevalence of substance use than Low all, with particularly harmful levels in High multiple adversities. Neighborhood violence was not significantly different from High multiple adversities on mental health symptoms and showed a greater proportion of past-year substance use than all other classes except High multiple adversities. Peer adversity and Abuse classes did not differ significantly in any outcomes. CONCLUSIONS Findings highlight the particularly deleterious impact of neighborhood violence and highly co-occurring adversity types on mental health and substance use. It is important to extend our conceptualization of adverse childhood experiences to include peer adversity and neighborhood violence and shift from a siloed approach to examining all these exposures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucinda R Grummitt
- The Matilda Centre for Research in Mental Health and Substance Use, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.
| | - Katherine M Keyes
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Sonali Rajan
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, New York; Teachers College, A Graduate School of Education & Psychology, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Erin V Kelly
- The Matilda Centre for Research in Mental Health and Substance Use, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Emma L Barrett
- The Matilda Centre for Research in Mental Health and Substance Use, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Nicola C Newton
- The Matilda Centre for Research in Mental Health and Substance Use, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
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Carone N, Innocenzi E, Lingiardi V. Peer Microaggressions and Social Skills among School-Age Children of Sexual Minority Parents through Assisted Reproduction: Moderation via the Child-Teacher Relationship. J Youth Adolesc 2022; 51:1210-1229. [PMID: 35275310 PMCID: PMC9090859 DOI: 10.1007/s10964-022-01588-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The impact of peer microaggressions and the child-teacher relationship on the social skills of children with sexual minority parents has received little attention. The current study used a mixed-method, multi-informant, two-wave longitudinal design to address this research gap. Thirty-seven children of lesbian mothers through donor insemination and 33 children of gay fathers though surrogacy (wave 1: Mage = 8.3 years, SD = 1.6; 51.4% female; wave 2: Mage = 9.9 years, SD = 1.7), all school-aged and residing in Italy, participated together with their 140 parents and 55 teachers. Approximately two-thirds of the children reported at least one peer microaggression and, on average, microaggressions were of a low intensity. Child-teacher relationships were of high quality (i.e., characterized by high safe haven-seeking and secure base use, and low conflict). Both parents and teachers reported high levels of child social skills. However, more intense W1 microaggressions predicted lower W2 social skills among children reporting a lower W1 child-teacher relationship quality, and greater W2 social skills among those reporting a higher W1 child-teacher relationship quality. These results support the child-teacher relationship as a potentially secure context in which children can "mentalize" negative experiences such as microaggressions and improve their social skills. In this vein, considering microaggression, attachment, and developmental intergroup theories, teachers must attune to the school experiences of children with sexual minority parents and cultivate caring classroom environments that are sensitive to family diversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Carone
- Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, Piazza Botta 11, 27100, Pavia, Italy.
| | - Eleonora Innocenzi
- Department of History, Culture and Society, "Tor Vergata" University of Rome, Via Columbia 1, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Vittorio Lingiardi
- Department of Dynamic and Clinical Psychology, and Health Studies, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Via degli Apuli 1, 00185, Rome, Italy
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15
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Waterman EA, Banyard VL, Mitchell KJ, Edwards KM. High School Students' Perceptions of School Personnel's Intentions to Help Prevent Teen Sexual and Dating Violence: Associations with Attitudes and Intended Behaviors . JOURNAL OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE 2022; 37:NP5471-NP5494. [PMID: 35369777 DOI: 10.1177/0886260520960115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Adolescents are at high risk for sexual and dating violence (SDV) at school, indicating need for both adolescents and school personnel to engage in bystander behavior to prevent SDV. Adolescents' perceptions of social norms about bystander behavior, including their perceptions about social norms among school personnel, may impact adolescents' own SDV attitudes and intended bystander behavior. Based on social norms theory, the current research examines adolescents who underestimate, accurately perceive, and overestimate school personnel's reactive (responding to a current situation) and proactive (spreading messaging about prevention) bystander behaviors. High school students (N = 3,404; mean age = 15.7; 87.2% White; 87% heterosexual) and school personnel (N = 1,150) from 25 schools completed surveys. Adolescents who underestimated school personnel's reactive and proactive bystander behavior had more accepting attitudes towards violence and less bystander behavior intentions. Correcting misperceived norms about bystander behavior may improve students' own bystander behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Victoria L Banyard
- School of Social Work, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ,USA
| | - Kimberly J Mitchell
- Departments of Psychology, Crimes Against Children Research Center, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH, USA
| | - Katie M Edwards
- Nebraska Center for Research on Child, Youth, Families and Schools, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA
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16
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Edwards KM, Siller L, Eliason S, Hernandez N, Jones J, Richardson A, Schmidt AJ. The Girls' Leadership Academy: A Promising, Empowerment-Based Approach to the Prevention of Sexual Violence. Violence Against Women 2022; 28:1035-1059. [PMID: 34967669 DOI: 10.1177/10778012211051402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Sexual violence (SV) is a pernicious issue that disproportionally impacts girls and women. Although few initiatives have demonstrated effectiveness in leading to reductions in SV, global health organizations have identified empowerment-based programs as a promising approach to SV prevention. The purpose of this article is to discuss the Girls Leadership Academy (GLA), a program of the Nebraska's Women's Center for Advancement, which is a "homegrown," theoretically grounded, practice-based SV prevention program for adolescent girls. More specifically, we discuss previous research relevant to the GLA; the theoretical underpinnings of the GLA; and the history, context, and content of the GLA.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Laura Siller
- 4559University of Nebraska Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA
| | - Sara Eliason
- Women's Center for Advancement, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
| | | | - Johanna Jones
- Women's Center for Advancement, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
| | | | - A J Schmidt
- Women's Center for Advancement, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
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17
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Cerda-Smith J, Gönültaş S, Mulvey KL. Adolescent peer aggression judgments and expected bystander intervention in teen dating violence. JOURNAL OF APPLIED DEVELOPMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.appdev.2022.101389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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18
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Fogleman ND, McQuade JD, Mehari KR, Becker SP. In-person victimization, cyber victimization, and polyvictimization in relation to internalizing symptoms and self-esteem in adolescents with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Child Care Health Dev 2021; 47:805-815. [PMID: 34155671 PMCID: PMC10507597 DOI: 10.1111/cch.12888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Revised: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is mixed evidence for whether in-person victimization and cyber victimization are differentially linked to internalizing symptoms and self-esteem among adolescents with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). The goals of the present study were to (1) evaluate in-person victimization and cyber victimization in relation to internalizing symptoms (i.e., anxiety and depression) and self-esteem and (2) examine differences in internalizing symptoms and self-esteem between in-person victimization, cyber victimization, and polyvictimization (i.e., both in-person victimization and cyber victimization). METHODS Participants were 78 adolescents (ages 13-17 years) diagnosed with ADHD who completed ratings of in-person victimization, cyber victimization, anxiety, depression, and self-esteem. Parents completed ratings of their adolescent's anxiety and depression. RESULTS Adolescents with ADHD reported experiencing higher rates of in-person victimization (64%) than cyber victimization (23%) in the last 30 days. In addition, 22% reported that they experienced polyvictimization. In-person victimization was associated with higher adolescent-reported anxiety symptoms, whereas cyber victimization was associated with higher parent-reported depressive symptoms; both were associated with lower adolescent-reported self-esteem. Adolescents who reported polyvictimization reported the highest anxiety and depressive symptoms and the lowest self-esteem. CONCLUSIONS Approximately one quarter of adolescents with ADHD report experiencing polyvictimization in the past month. Findings indicate that in-person victimization and cyber victimization are each uniquely associated with lower self-esteem and differentially associated with co-occurring internalizing symptoms among adolescents with ADHD. Polyvictimization is especially linked to higher internalizing symptoms and lower self-esteem. Longitudinal studies are needed to better understand the directionality of these associations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas D. Fogleman
- Carolina Institute for Developmental Disabilities, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Carrboro, North Carolina
- Division of Behavioral Medicine and Clinical Psychology, Center for ADHD, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Julia D. McQuade
- Department of Psychology, Amherst College, Amherst, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Krista R. Mehari
- Department of Psychology, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama, USA
| | - Stephen P. Becker
- Division of Behavioral Medicine and Clinical Psychology, Center for ADHD, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
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19
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Bergenfeld I, Clark CJ, Khan Z, Jackson EC, Yount KM. Gender-sensitive school environment and bullying victimization among adolescent girls: A multilevel study in Nepal. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0253128. [PMID: 34242261 PMCID: PMC8270204 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0253128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bullying is an understudied global social problem. While school-level factors are a recognized influence on bullying victimization, the elements of a 'girl-friendly' school that may reduce the risk of bullying victimization among girls and prevent dropout is understudied in lower- and middle-income countries (LMICs). This study used baseline data from the evaluation of the Room-to-Read (RtR) Girls' Education Program (GEP) in Nepal to assess the relationship of a conceptually grounded gender-equitable school (GES) index with girls' risk of direct and relational bullying victimization, adjusted for potential confounders at the individual and school levels. METHODS The school sample included all 24 RtR GEP schools and 25 community schools attended by girls in a comparison cohort, representing 729 grade six girls with complete outcome data. We employed multilevel negative binomial regression to assess the relationship between the GES score (higher scores indicate greater support for girls), and girls' risk of peer victimization, controlling for individual- and school-level covariates. RESULTS On average, girls reported 2.84 direct victimizations and 0.27 relational victimizations in the prior week. The first component of the GES index, a generalized measure of school-level support for girls, showed a significant negative relationship with weekly relational bullying victimization in models with all school- and individual-level covariates. In the full model, a one-point higher score on the generalized GES component accounted for a 26% lower risk of relational bullying victimization in the prior week. CONCLUSION School-level policies, practices, and pedagogy designed to support girls may reduce their exposure to relational aggression, a form of bullying that girls most often perpetrate. In LMICs, the school may be an ideal place to raise awareness about the types and effects of peer bullying and to promote prosocial bystander behavior. Further research is needed to identify factors related to other forms of bullying.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina Bergenfeld
- Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States of America
| | - Cari Jo Clark
- Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States of America
| | - Zara Khan
- Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States of America
| | - Emma C. Jackson
- Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States of America
| | - Kathryn M. Yount
- Departments of Global Health and Sociology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States of America
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20
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Ngo AT, Nguyen LH, Dang AK, Hoang MT, Nguyen THT, Vu GT, Do HT, Tran BX, Latkin CA, Ho RCM, Ho CSH. Bullying experience in urban adolescents: Prevalence and correlations with health-related quality of life and psychological issues. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0252459. [PMID: 34101739 PMCID: PMC8186762 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0252459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 05/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
This study examined the 3-month rate of bullying experience, associated factors, and measure the relationships between bullying experience with health-related quality of life and different mental disorders among secondary school students. We performed a cross-sectional study in four secondary schools in Hanoi, Vietnam. Bullying experience was evaluated by using questions about eighteen specific-bullying behaviors. EuroQol-5 dimensions-5 levels (EQ-5D-5L) and Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale- 21 items (DASS-21) were used to measure health-related quality of life (HRQOL) and mental health of participants, respectively. Among 712 secondary school students, the 3-month prevalence of physical, social aggression, verbal, and sexual bullying experience were 8.4%; 31.2%; 11.9%, and 2.7%, respectively. Being bullied were negatively associated with levels of classmates and family support, as well as levels of school security. Being overweight or obese was related to a higher likelihood of suffering social aggression compared to normal BMI. Being bullied was significantly associated with the decrement of HRQOL, and the increased risk of depression, anxiety, and stress among adolescents. Findings of this study suggested that holistic approaches involving family, peers, and schools, along with enhancing school security, are potential approaches to reduce the impact of bullying on adolescents' life and well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anh Toan Ngo
- Institute for Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Hanoi Medical University, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | | | - Anh Kim Dang
- Institute for Global Health Innovations, Duy Tan University, Da Nang, Vietnam
| | - Men Thi Hoang
- Institute for Global Health Innovations, Duy Tan University, Da Nang, Vietnam
- Faculty of Medicine, Duy Tan University, Da Nang, Vietnam
| | - Trang Huyen Thi Nguyen
- Institute for Global Health Innovations, Duy Tan University, Da Nang, Vietnam
- Faculty of Medicine, Duy Tan University, Da Nang, Vietnam
- * E-mail:
| | - Giang Thu Vu
- Center of Excellence in Pharmacoeconomics and Management, Nguyen Tat Thanh University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Hoa Thi Do
- Institute of Health Economics and Technology, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Bach Xuan Tran
- Institute for Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Hanoi Medical University, Hanoi, Vietnam
- Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Carl A. Latkin
- Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Roger C. M. Ho
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Institute for Health Innovation and Technology (iHealthtech), National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Cyrus S. H. Ho
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Psychological Medicine, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
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21
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Hébert M, Tremblay-Perreault A, Myre G. The Interplay of Depression and Hostile Attributions in the Link Between PTSD Symptoms and Peer Victimization in Child Victims of Sexual Abuse. Child Psychiatry Hum Dev 2021; 52:291-300. [PMID: 32504220 DOI: 10.1007/s10578-020-01011-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
This study sought to test a serial mediation model in which depressive symptoms and hostile attributions mediate the relationship between post-traumatic stress symptoms and peer victimization in a sample of child victims of sexual abuse. Participants included 771 children aged 6 to 12 years old, consulting specialized intervention settings following disclosure of sexual abuse. Children completed questionnaires assessing their levels of post-traumatic stress symptoms, depressive symptoms and experiences of peer victimization in the school context. Vignettes were used to assess hostile attributions for instrumental and relational provocations. Results of the path analysis revealed that post-traumatic stress symptoms were associated with depressive symptoms, which were linked to greater hostile attributions for relational provocations, which were in turn associated to a greater likelihood of reporting peer victimization. Hostile attributions for instrumental provocations were not related to peer victimization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martine Hébert
- Canada Research Chair in Interpersonal Traumas and Resilience, Department of Sexology, Université du Québec à Montréal, C.P. 8888 Succursale Centre-Ville, Montreal, Quebec, H3C 3P8, Canada.
| | | | - Gabrielle Myre
- Department of Psychology, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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22
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Martin-Storey A, Bizier-Lacroix R, Temcheff C, Déry M. Understanding Youth Perceptions of Neighborhood Disorder: The Role of Conduct Problems. J Youth Adolesc 2021; 50:952-964. [PMID: 33745075 DOI: 10.1007/s10964-021-01418-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
While research addresses neighborhood disorder as leading to conduct problems, the role of individual-level differences in shaping adolescent perceptions of neighborhood has been overlooked. Data on youth, over-selected for childhood conduct problems (N = 744, 58% childhood conduct problems, 47% girls), were used to examine the link between conduct problems (time 1: Mean age = 12.23) and perceived neighborhood disorder (time 3: M = 14.30). The mediating role of delinquent friends, peer victimization, depressive symptoms, and observer-rated neighborhood disorder (time 2: M = 13.23) were also tested. Conduct problems were associated with higher levels of perceived neighborhood disorder, via delinquent peers and peer victimization. These findings offer new insight into the consequences of perceived neighborhood disorder for health and wellbeing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexa Martin-Storey
- Département de Psychoéducation, Université de Sherbrooke, 150 Place Charles LeMoyne, Longueuil, QC, J4K0A8, Canada.
| | - Roxanne Bizier-Lacroix
- Département de Psychoéducation, Université de Sherbrooke, 2500 Boul. de L'Université, Sherbrooke, QC, J1K 2R1, Canada
| | - Caroline Temcheff
- Department of Educational and Counselling Psychology, McGill University, 3700 McTavish Street, Montreal, QC, H3A 1Y2, Canada
| | - Michèle Déry
- Département de Psychoéducation, Université de Sherbrooke, 2500 Boul. de L'Université, Sherbrooke, QC, J1K 2R1, Canada
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23
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Edwards KM, Sessarego SN, Stanley LR, Mitchell KJ, Eckstein RP, Rodenhizer KAE, Leyva PC, Banyard VL. Development and Psychometrics of Instruments to Assess School Personnel's Bystander Action in Situations of Teen Relationship Abuse and Sexual Assault. JOURNAL OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE 2021; 36:NP1586-1606NP. [PMID: 29295034 PMCID: PMC6370500 DOI: 10.1177/0886260517746946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
This article describes recently developed instruments that assess school personnel's bystander barriers and intentions in situations of teen relationship abuse, sexual assault, and sexual harassment, as well as perceptions of school readiness specific to relationship abuse, sexual assault, and sexual harassment prevention and response. Participants were 1,150 high school personnel from 25 schools in New Hampshire, Massachusetts, and Maine. Specific instruments focused on bystander intentions, bystander action, barriers to bystander action, and perceptions of school readiness. Participants were randomly divided into two groups for analysis-the exploratory sample (ES; n = 575) and the confirmatory sample (CS; n = 575). Overall, the measures demonstrated acceptable fit indices. Results suggested that most measures and subscales had adequate reliability, but a few subscales had less than ideal internal consistency, which can likely be attributed to the small number of items. More work is needed, but these measures act as a starting point by which the role of school personnel in prevention initiatives and bystander intervention can be evaluated.
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24
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Edwards KM, Rodenhizer KA, Eckstein RP. School Personnel's Bystander Action in Situations of Dating Violence, Sexual Violence, and Sexual Harassment Among High School Teens: A Qualitative Analysis. JOURNAL OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE 2020; 35:2358-2369. [PMID: 29294713 DOI: 10.1177/0886260517698821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
We examined school personnel's engagement in bystander action in situations of teen dating violence (DV), sexual violence (SV), and sexual harassment (SH). We conducted focus groups with 22 school personnel from three high schools in New Hampshire. School personnel identified their own barriers to intervening in situations of teen DV, SV, and SH (e.g., not having the time or ability to intervene). School personnel also discussed the ways in which they intervened before (e.g., talking with teens about healthy relationships), during (e.g., breaking up fights between dating partners) and after (e.g., comforting victims) instances of teen DV, SV, and SH. These data can be used to support the development of bystander training for school personnel as one component of comprehensive DV, SV, and SH prevention for teens. In addition, these data provide information that can be used to develop measures that assess school personnel bystander action barriers and behaviors in instances of teen DV, SV, and SH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katie M Edwards
- Department of Psychology and Prevention Innovations Research Center, University of New Hampshire, Durham, USA
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25
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Bilodeau F, Brendgen M, Vitaro F, Côté SM, Tremblay RE, Petit D, Montplaisir J, Boivin M. Association Between Peer Victimization and Parasomnias in Children: Searching for Relational Moderators. Child Psychiatry Hum Dev 2020; 51:268-280. [PMID: 31535251 DOI: 10.1007/s10578-019-00928-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
This cross-sectional study examined the moderating role of support from three key figures (mothers, teachers, friends) in the association between peer victimization and parasomnias in childhood. The sample consisted of 1150 children aged 8 years who attended elementary school. Controlling for potential confounders, hierarchical multiple regressions revealed that peer victimization was associated with a higher level of parasomnias, equally for both girls and boys. However, for girls, the predictive association of peer victimization with parasomnias was moderated by the level of support in relationships with either their parents, their teachers, or their friends. The findings suggest that somatic symptoms such as sleep problems may be a first indicator that a child is being bullied. Because parents, teachers as well as friends can play a key role in preventing the development of parasomnias, it may be useful to help bullied children develop strong bonds within at least one of these relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mara Brendgen
- University of Quebec at Montreal, Montreal, Canada.
- Psychology Department, University of Quebec at Montreal, Case Postale 8888, Succursale Centre-ville, Montreal, QC, H3C 3P8, Canada.
| | | | - Sylvana M Côté
- University of Montreal, Montreal, Canada
- INSERM U1219, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Richard E Tremblay
- University of Montreal, Montreal, Canada
- University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Dominique Petit
- Center of Advanced Research in Sleep Medicine, Hôpital du Sacré-Cœur de Montréal, Montreal, Canada
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26
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Edwards KM, Sessarego SN, Mitchell KJ, Chang H, Waterman EA, Banyard VL. Preventing Teen Relationship Abuse and Sexual Assault through Bystander Training: Intervention Outcomes for School Personnel. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF COMMUNITY PSYCHOLOGY 2020; 65:160-172. [PMID: 31449675 DOI: 10.1002/ajcp.12379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of the current study was to examine the impact of exposure to Bringing in the Bystander-High School Curriculum (BITB-HSC) on school personnel, which included a seven session classroom curriculum for ninth through twelfth graders (student curriculum), a bystander training workshop for school personnel (school personnel workshop), and reading materials (handout). We examined how exposure to these various BITB-HSC intervention components was associated with school personnel's knowledge and bystander efficacy, intentions, and barriers specific to student relationship abuse (RA) and sexual assault (SA). Participants were 488 school personnel from 12 high schools in upper New England who completed the 4-month follow-up survey that assessed for intervention exposure (284 participants completed both the baseline and follow-up survey). Whereas 53% of participants were exposed to no intervention components, the other half of the sample were exposed to a combination of intervention components. Higher baseline knowledge and reactive bystander intentions were associated with subsequent exposure to both the student curriculum and the handout, and fewer barriers to bystander action predicted exposure to the school personnel workshop. Exposure to the school personnel workshop, student curriculum, and handout was associated with subsequent greater knowledge, exposure to the student curriculum predicted reactive bystander intentions, and exposure to the handout predicted higher reactive bystander intentions and bystander efficacy. Findings suggest that despite challenges with engagement, exposure to the BITB-HSC components may be a useful tool in improving school personnel's responses to RA and SA among high school students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katie M Edwards
- Nebraska Center for Research on Children, Youth, Families, and Schools, University of Nebraska Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA
| | | | - Kimberly J Mitchell
- Department of Psychology and Crimes against Children Research Center, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH, USA
| | - Hong Chang
- Tufts Medical Center, Institute for Clinical Research and Health Policy Studies, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Emily A Waterman
- Nebraska Center for Research on Children, Youth, Families, and Schools, University of Nebraska Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA
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27
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Reed E, Salazar M, Agah N, Behar AI, Silverman JG, Walsh-Buhi E, Rusch MLA, Raj A. Experiencing sexual harassment by males and associated substance use & poor mental health outcomes among adolescent girls in the US. SSM Popul Health 2020; 9:100476. [PMID: 31998825 PMCID: PMC6978506 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssmph.2019.100476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2018] [Revised: 03/22/2019] [Accepted: 08/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Among a sample of adolescent girls, we assessed: 1) prevalence of sexual harassment by type, place of occurrence, and perpetrators; 2) association with substance use and poor mental health outcomes; and 3) the proportion of girls experiencing sexual harassment in more than one place and relation to study outcomes. Methods We collected survey data from 159 sexually active girls (aged 15–19 years) recruited from an urban health clinic in Southern California. We used multivariable regression models to assess associations between sexual harassment in the past 6 months and the following outcomes: 1) substance use in past 30 days (alcohol use, binge drinking, and marijuana use, respectively); 2) other drug use ever; and 3) feelings of depression and anxiety, respectively, in past 30 days. Results Almost two-thirds of girls (65.4%) reported experiencing sexual harassment in the past 6 months. Among those reporting recent harassment (n = 104), the abuse most frequently occurred in public spaces (on public transport [50.5%], at school [42.7%], and in their neighborhoods [39.8%]) and most often in the form of sexual comments, jokes, or gestures (57.2%), although 12.6% were “touched, grabbed, or pinched in a sexual way.” The vast majority (82.7%) did not know the perpetrators (82.7%). Experiences of sexual harassment in the past 6 months were significantly associated with alcohol use (odds ratio [OR], 4.5; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.0–10.2), binge drinking (OR, 4.2; 95% CI, 1.8–9.8), and marijuana use (OR, 2.6; 95% CI, 1.2–5.7) in the past 30 days; other drug use ever (OR, 5.4; 95% CI, 1.8–16.4); and feelings of depression (OR: 2.7; 95%CI: 1.3–5.5) and anxiety (OR: 2.6; 95%CI: 1.2–5.5) in the past 30 days. Just over half (55.3%) reported sexual harassment in more than one place, which was also associated with poor substance use and mental health outcomes. Conclusions Findings suggest that sexual harassment experiences are pervasive, occur in girls' immediate and everyday environments, and are associated with girls’ substance use and adverse mental health outcomes. We found a high prevalence of recent experiences of sexual harassment (65%) among this clinic-based sample of girls. Victimization is largely occurring in girls’ immediate environments and predominantly perpetrated by strangers. Sexual harassment was associated with substance use, as well as depression and anxiety among adolescent girls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Reed
- San Diego State University, School of Public Health, 5500 Campanile Dr, San Diego, CA, 92128, USA.,University of California San Diego, Center on Gender Equity and Health, Division of Global Public Health, 9500 Gilman Dr, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Marissa Salazar
- San Diego State University, School of Public Health, 5500 Campanile Dr, San Diego, CA, 92128, USA.,University of California San Diego, Center on Gender Equity and Health, Division of Global Public Health, 9500 Gilman Dr, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Niloufar Agah
- University of California San Diego, Center on Gender Equity and Health, Division of Global Public Health, 9500 Gilman Dr, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Alma I Behar
- San Diego State University, School of Public Health, 5500 Campanile Dr, San Diego, CA, 92128, USA.,University of California San Diego, Center on Gender Equity and Health, Division of Global Public Health, 9500 Gilman Dr, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Jay G Silverman
- University of California San Diego, Center on Gender Equity and Health, Division of Global Public Health, 9500 Gilman Dr, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Eric Walsh-Buhi
- San Diego State University, School of Public Health, 5500 Campanile Dr, San Diego, CA, 92128, USA
| | - Melanie L A Rusch
- University of California San Diego, Center on Gender Equity and Health, Division of Global Public Health, 9500 Gilman Dr, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Anita Raj
- University of California San Diego, Center on Gender Equity and Health, Division of Global Public Health, 9500 Gilman Dr, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
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Zietz S, Kajula L, McNaughton Reyes HL, Moracco B, Shanahan M, Martin S, Maman S. Patterns of adverse childhood experiences and subsequent risk of interpersonal violence perpetration among men in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT 2020; 99:104256. [PMID: 31835233 PMCID: PMC7719339 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2019.104256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2019] [Revised: 09/21/2019] [Accepted: 10/28/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs), including abuse and neglect, are consistently found to be predictors of perpetration of intimate partner violence (IPV) and peer violence (PV) in adulthood. Children are often exposed to patterns of ongoing and/or multiple-type polyvictimization throughout the life course. OBJECTIVES To identify and characterize patterns of ACEs among men in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania and to examine the relationship between these patterns and perpetration of intimate partner violence (IPV) and peer violence (PV) in adulthood. METHODS We used latent class analysis to identify respondents with similar patterns of ACEs. The analysis was conducted with a sample of 987 men. RESULTS We uncovered five distinct classes of men with specific patterns of ACEs. One consisted of nonvictims and four included various forms of polyvictimization. Men in the polyvictimization classes that included non-violent family dysfunction had significantly higher odds of perpetrating psychological IPV compared to the other three classes (AORs 2.33 and 3.04 compared to nonvictims). Men in the polyvictimization classes that included any sexual violence and/or non-violent family dysfunction had significantly higher odds of perpetrating PV compared to the other two classes (AORs 3.54, 6.10, and 7.42 compared to nonvictims). CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that distinct patterns of exposure to ACEs among this population are differentially related to perpetration of IPV and PV in adulthood. These findings highlight the importance of child development interventions in low-and middle-income countries, both for the primary prevention of child adversity and for mitigation of the cognitive and emotional effects of ACEs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susannah Zietz
- Duke Center for Child and Family Policy, Erwin Square Mill Building, 202 West Main Street, Bay C, Durham, NC, United States.
| | - Lusajo Kajula
- UNICEF Office of Research-Innocenti, Florence, Italy
| | - H Luz McNaughton Reyes
- Department of Health Behavior, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Gillings School of Global Public Health, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Beth Moracco
- Department of Health Behavior, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Gillings School of Global Public Health, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Meghan Shanahan
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Gillings School of Global Public Health, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Sandra Martin
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Gillings School of Global Public Health, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Suzanne Maman
- Department of Health Behavior, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Gillings School of Global Public Health, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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Yang C, Sharkey JD, Chen C, Jimerson S. Teacher–Home Communication and Bullying Victimization: Do Parents’ Perceptions of Fairness of Rules Matter? SCHOOL PSYCHOLOGY REVIEW 2019. [DOI: 10.17105/spr-2018-0060.v48-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chunyan Yang
- University of California, Berkeley
- University of California, Santa Barbara
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Turner HA, Mitchell KJ, Jones LM, Hamby S, Wade R, Beseler CL. Gun Violence Exposure and Posttraumatic Symptoms Among Children and Youth. J Trauma Stress 2019; 32:881-889. [PMID: 31833114 DOI: 10.1002/jts.22466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2019] [Revised: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 06/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Although statistics on youth homicide and injury from gun violence are available, little research has focused on how gun violence overlaps with other victimizations or on the psychological impact of gun violence on children. Pilot survey data were collected on the experiences of 630 U.S. children (age range: 2-17 years) from Boston, Philadelphia, and rural areas of eastern Tennessee. Youth aged 10-17 years completed a self-report survey on a wide range of gun violence exposures, and parents of younger children (aged 2-9 years) completed the survey as a proxy for that child. Direct gun violence exposure, witnessing gun violence, and hearing gunshots were all significantly associated with other forms of victimization, rs = .10-.38, p < .001. The findings suggest that youth who experience direct gun violence are often exposed to multiple violent contexts. For older youth (ages 10-17 years) polyvictimization was most strongly associated with posttraumatic symptoms, β = .35, p < .001, although witnessing gun violence still uniquely predicted a higher level of symptoms, β = .18, p < .01. For younger children (ages 2-9 years), hearing and witnessing gun violence were both related to posttraumatic symptoms, β = .15, p < .01 for both, even after controlling for polyvictimization. Mental health professionals and trauma-informed services should be mindful that the traumatic impact of gun violence for children may not necessarily be attached to direct victimization experiences but may also result from simply seeing or hearing it in their neighborhoods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather A Turner
- Crimes Against Children Research Center, University of New Hampshire, Durham, New Hampshire, USA
| | - Kimberly J Mitchell
- Crimes Against Children Research Center, University of New Hampshire, Durham, New Hampshire, USA
| | - Lisa M Jones
- Crimes Against Children Research Center, University of New Hampshire, Durham, New Hampshire, USA
| | - Sherry Hamby
- Life Paths Appalachian Research Center and University of the South, Monteagle, Tennessee, USA
| | - Roy Wade
- Roberts Center for Pediatric Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Cheryl L Beseler
- Departmet of Psychology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
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31
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Goldstein SE, Lee CS, Gunn JF, Bradley S, Lummer S, Boxer P. Susceptibility to peer influence during middle school: Links with social support, peer harassment, and gender. PSYCHOLOGY IN THE SCHOOLS 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/pits.22309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sara E. Goldstein
- Department of Family Science and Human DevelopmentMontclair State UniversityMontclair New Jersey
| | - Chih‐Yuan Steven Lee
- Department of Family Science and Human DevelopmentMontclair State UniversityMontclair New Jersey
| | - John F. Gunn
- Department of Family Science and Human DevelopmentMontclair State UniversityMontclair New Jersey
| | - Shaniqua Bradley
- Department of Family Science and Human DevelopmentMontclair State UniversityMontclair New Jersey
| | - Shannon Lummer
- Department of Family Science and Human DevelopmentMontclair State UniversityMontclair New Jersey
| | - Paul Boxer
- Department of PsychologyRutgers UniversityNewark New Jersey
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Lloyd J. Response and interventions into harmful sexual behaviour in schools. CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT 2019; 94:104037. [PMID: 31202038 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2019.104037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Accepted: 06/04/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Internationally young people report experiencing sexual abuse and violence within schools. Developments within the field of adolescent sexual harm are increasingly recognising the need for ecological approaches to harm. Yet, to date, interventions with young people displaying harmful sexual behaviours have prioritised individual behaviours and characteristics over place-based interventions. This article presents empirical evidence from a mixed-methods study aimed at understanding the enablers and barriers to preventing and responding to harmful sexual behaviour in schools. Research was carried out in seven schools and four multi-agency partnerships in England, UK. Using evidence from focus groups, observations, case reviews and policy analysis the article outlines nine components that enable, or are barriers to, effective responses and interventions into harmful sexual behaviour in schools. The paper concludes that responses and interventions into harmful sexual behaviour must move beyond responding to individual behaviours to intervening within factors within schools themselves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenny Lloyd
- University of Bedfordshire, University Square, Luton, Bedfordshire, LU1 3JU, United Kingdom.
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Reed E, Salazar M, Behar AI, Agah N, Silverman JG, Minnis AM, Rusch MLA, Raj A. Cyber Sexual Harassment: Prevalence and association with substance use, poor mental health, and STI history among sexually active adolescent girls. J Adolesc 2019; 75:53-62. [PMID: 31344557 PMCID: PMC6716784 DOI: 10.1016/j.adolescence.2019.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2019] [Revised: 07/16/2019] [Accepted: 07/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The current study aims to assess the prevalence, perpetrators, and consequences of cyber sexual harassment (CSH) among adolescent females. METHODS Sexually active adolescent females (N = 159) ages 15-19 were recruited from a health clinic in a low-income, urban area of southeast San Diego County, California to complete a tablet-administered survey that included items on sexual violence and harassment, including CSH. Using logistic regression models, we assessed CSH in relation to substance use, poor mental health outcomes and STI history. RESULTS Participants were, on average, 17 years of age and half were currently in a relationship. The majority of girls (68%) reported at least one form of CSH, which included receiving unwanted sexual messages/photos (53%), receiving unwanted messages asking them to do something sexual (49%), being pressured to send sexual photos (36%), and having sexual photos shared without permission (6%). Perpetrators included known and unknown males; almost a third (27%) reported perpetration by a relationship partner. In logistic regression models adjusting for race, CSH was associated with: past 30-day alcohol use, drug use (ever), feeling depressed (past 30 days), and feeling anxious (past 30 days) (Odds Ratios ranged: 2.9-7.5). CSH was also associated with past-year suicidal thoughts and STI diagnosis (ever) (p < 0.05, ORs not presented due to small numbers). CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that in some subgroups, CSH appears to be affecting the majority of girls, which is especially concerning given its association with multiple poor health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Reed
- San Diego State University, School of Public Health, 5500 Campanile Dr., San Diego, CA, 92128, USA; University of California San Diego, Division of Global Public Health, Center on Gender Equity and Health, 9500 Gilman Dr., La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA.
| | - Marissa Salazar
- San Diego State University, School of Public Health, 5500 Campanile Dr., San Diego, CA, 92128, USA; University of California San Diego, Division of Global Public Health, Center on Gender Equity and Health, 9500 Gilman Dr., La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Alma I Behar
- San Diego State University, School of Public Health, 5500 Campanile Dr., San Diego, CA, 92128, USA; University of California San Diego, Division of Global Public Health, Center on Gender Equity and Health, 9500 Gilman Dr., La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Niloufar Agah
- University of California San Diego, Division of Global Public Health, Center on Gender Equity and Health, 9500 Gilman Dr., La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Jay G Silverman
- University of California San Diego, Division of Global Public Health, Center on Gender Equity and Health, 9500 Gilman Dr., La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | | | - Melanie L A Rusch
- University of California San Diego, Division of Global Public Health, Center on Gender Equity and Health, 9500 Gilman Dr., La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Anita Raj
- University of California San Diego, Division of Global Public Health, Center on Gender Equity and Health, 9500 Gilman Dr., La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
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Albaladejo-Blázquez N, Ferrer-Cascales R, Ruiz-Robledillo N, Sánchez-SanSegundo M, Fernández-Alcántara M, Delvecchio E, Arango-Lasprilla JC. Health-Related Quality of Life and Mental Health of Adolescents Involved in School Bullying and Homophobic Verbal Content Bullying. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:E2622. [PMID: 31340496 PMCID: PMC6678093 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16142622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2019] [Revised: 07/19/2019] [Accepted: 07/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Bullying has been traditionally related to a significant reduction in well-being and Health-Related Quality of Life (HRQoL) of adolescents. This negative impact on HRQoL seems to be modulated by the developed role in bullying (uninvolved, bully, victim or bully-victim). However, no studies have identified if these negative results are the same when other types of bullying, such as homophobic bullying, are evaluated. The main aim of the present study was to analyze the prevalence of different roles of bullying and homophobic bullying and the relationship between these roles in both types of bullying with HRQoL, depression and anxiety levels in a sample of 1723 Spanish adolescents. Although results exhibited lower prevalence of homophobic bullying roles when compared to traditionally bullying in general, in the case of victims, the prevalence was high in the case of homophobic bullying. When differences between roles in HRQoL, depression and anxiety were evaluated, in both types of bullying, uninvolved adolescents showed the best results and bully-victim adolescents the worst. The obtained results suppose an improvement in the understanding of the negative effects of different types of bullying on HRQoL and mental health in adolescents. Future research could advance in this comprehension, analyzing possible differences with other types of bullying, such as cyberbullying.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rosario Ferrer-Cascales
- Department of Health Psychology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Alicante, 03690 Alicante, Spain.
| | - Nicolás Ruiz-Robledillo
- Department of Health Psychology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Alicante, 03690 Alicante, Spain
| | - Miriam Sánchez-SanSegundo
- Department of Health Psychology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Alicante, 03690 Alicante, Spain
| | - Manuel Fernández-Alcántara
- Department of Health Psychology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Alicante, 03690 Alicante, Spain
| | - Elisa Delvecchio
- Department of Philosophy, Social Sciences and Education; Università degli Studi di Perugia, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Juan Carlos Arango-Lasprilla
- BioCruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, Cruces University Hospital Barakaldo, 48903 Bizkaia, Spain
- IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, 48013 Bilbao, Spain
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, 48940 Leioa, Spain
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Moreno MA, Midamba N, Berman HS, Moreno PS, Donlin M, Schlocker E. Cyberbullying Among Adolescents: Stakeholder-Driven Concept Mapping Approach. JMIR Pediatr Parent 2019; 2:e12683. [PMID: 31518321 PMCID: PMC6746102 DOI: 10.2196/12683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2018] [Revised: 03/17/2019] [Accepted: 05/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cyberbullying includes bullying behaviors on the Web; these behaviors are inconsistently measured and lack standardized definitions. The Uniform Definition of Bullying provides a consensus-based definition of bullying, and it highlights the need for an evidence-based definition of a model for cyberbullying. OBJECTIVE Toward understanding the key elements and constructs defining cyberbullying, the objective of this study was to develop a stakeholder-driven conceptual model of cyberbullying. METHODS Concept mapping is a validated research method that leverages both qualitative and quantitative approaches to integrate stakeholder input on complex topics. This process was used to develop a concept map and adapt it through participant input to a conceptual model. The validated concept mapping approach includes 5 steps: preparation, generation (brainstorming), structuring (sorting), representation (statistical analysis), and interpretation. We recruited stakeholder participants, including adolescents, as well as parents and professionals representing education, health, and the justice system. Analysis included hierarchical cluster analysis to develop a cluster map representing cyberbullying, followed by adaptation of that map to a conceptual model through qualitative participant feedback. RESULTS A total of 177 participants contributed to the concept mapping process, including 69% females, 50% adults, and 68% Caucasian, representing each of our stakeholder groups. A total of 228 brainstorming items were generated and sorted into a concept map that included 9 clusters. Clusters included topics that had strong overlap with traditional bullying, such as consequences for perpetrators and targets, with example items "alienating" and "crippling." Some clusters were unique, such as cyberbullying techniques, with example item "excessive messaging," and characteristics of the cyberbullying experience, with example item "constant." Through the interpretation step, a conceptual model emerged, illustrating connections and distinctions between traditional bullying and cyberbullying. CONCLUSIONS We found that in generating a stakeholder-driven concept map of cyberbullying, participants could not describe cyberbullying without integrating key concepts from traditional bullying. On the basis of our conceptual model, there are unique characteristics of cyberbullying that suggest that uniform definitions of bullying need to be evaluated to ensure their application to cyberbullying.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan Andreas Moreno
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Nikita Midamba
- Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, United States
| | | | - Peter S Moreno
- Department of Continuing Studies, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Mike Donlin
- The School Safety Center, Office of the State Superintendent, Olympia, WA, United States
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Fales JL, Murphy LK, Rights JD, Palermo TM. Daily Peer Victimization Experiences of Adolescents With and Without Chronic Pain: Associations With Mood, Sleep, Pain, and Activity Limitations. THE JOURNAL OF PAIN 2019; 21:97-107. [PMID: 31152856 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpain.2019.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Revised: 04/23/2019] [Accepted: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
This study aims to 1) examine the temporal influence of peer victimization on mood, sleep quality, pain, and activity limitations in clinical and community samples of youth, and 2) test mood and sleep as mediators of peer victimization-pain pathways. One hundred fifty-six adolescents (n = 74 chronic pain group) completed a week of online diary monitoring assessing their daily peer victimization experiences, negative mood, sleep quality, pain intensity, and pain-related activity limitations. In multilevel models controlling for group status, person-mean peer victimization (averaged across days) significantly predicted worse mood, pain, and activity limitations (all Ps < .01) while daily victimization predicted worse mood (P < .05). Results from within-person mediation indicated a significant indirect effect of daily peer victimization on next-day activity limitations, through daily negative mood. Results from between-person mediation indicated that negative mood significantly mediated the relation between peer victimization and pain and the relation between peer victimization and activity limitations. Peer victimization is associated with negative health indicators in clinical and community samples of youth and may exert its influence on pain and pain-related activity limitations through negative mood. PERSPECTIVE: This article examines the temporal influence of peer victimization on pain in adolescents with and without chronic pain, and examines mood and sleep quality as mechanisms linking victimization to pain. This information may be useful for pain prevention researchers as well as providers who assess and treat pain in childhood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica L Fales
- Department of Psychology, Washington State University Vancouver, Vancouver, Washington.
| | - Lexa K Murphy
- Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, Washington
| | - Jason D Rights
- Department of Psychology and Human Development, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Tonya M Palermo
- Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, Washington; Department of Anesthesiology & Pain Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
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Le HTH, Tran N, Campbell MA, Gatton ML, Nguyen HT, Dunne MP. Mental health problems both precede and follow bullying among adolescents and the effects differ by gender: a cross-lagged panel analysis of school-based longitudinal data in Vietnam. Int J Ment Health Syst 2019; 13:35. [PMID: 31131020 PMCID: PMC6525446 DOI: 10.1186/s13033-019-0291-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2018] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The significant psychosocial harms from bullying among adolescents create major challenges for mental health promotion programs and services in schools. While the negative consequences of bullying victimisation are well known, to date there is scarce empirical analysis of inverse associations, in which mental health problems make children more vulnerable to bullying victimisation and perpetration. Based on a short-term longitudinal study among adolescents in Vietnam, this study examined reciprocal associations between children's depressive symptoms, psychological distress, suicidal ideation and bullying victimisation experiences (i.e., victims or bully-victims). METHODS Secondary and high school students (n = 1167; age range: 11-16 years old; 55% female) in urban areas in northern Vietnam completed two self-administered questionnaires, 6-months apart in the academic year 2014-2015. Measures estimated bullying victimisation and perpetration in the past 6 months, depressive symptoms, psychological distress, and suicidal ideation. A cross-lagged analysis was performed to test the reciprocal associations. RESULTS About one-third of students in the sample were involved as victims, bullies or bully-victims at both times, with more males than females reporting these experiences. Females reported a higher level of depressive symptoms than males at Time 1 but not at Time 2. After adjusting for outcome variables and other covariates measured at Time 1, nine of 12 cross-lagged associations across three models were statistically significant, with different patterns for females and males. There were reciprocal associations between bullying victimisation and mental health problems. Bullying victimisation was shown as an independent predictor of subsequent mental health problems; in turn, mental health problems preceded students' experience of becoming victims or bully-victims. Females with mental health problems were more likely to be victims; whereas similarly distressed males were vulnerable to both being bullied and being perpetrators. CONCLUSION This study is the first of its kind in Vietnam and in the Southeast Asian region to examine reciprocal associations between bullying victimisation and mental health problems among adolescents. Anti-bullying intervention and prevention programs and school-based mental health promotion programs should be integrated and be sensitive to gender differences in order to maximise their impact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ha Thi Hai Le
- Faculty of Social Sciences and Health Education, Hanoi University of Public Health, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Nam Tran
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Children and Families Over the Life Course | Institute for Social Science Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Marilyn A. Campbell
- Faculty of Education, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Michelle L. Gatton
- School of Public Health and Social Work, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Huong Thanh Nguyen
- Faculty of Social Sciences and Health Education, Hanoi University of Public Health, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Michael P. Dunne
- School of Public Health and Social Work, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
- Institute for Community Health Research, Hue University, Hue, Vietnam
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Childhood Victimization by Adults and Peers and Health-Risk Behaviors in Adulthood. SPANISH JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGY 2019; 22:E20. [PMID: 31044685 DOI: 10.1017/sjp.2019.24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Victimization experienced in childhood has been linked with health-risk behaviors (HRBs) in adulthood. The purpose of this cross-sectional survey was to provide data regarding the HRBs using the ISPCAN Child Abuse Screening Tool Retrospective version (ICAST-R), Spanish version. This aimed to broaden existing knowledge by assessing both being victimized by adults and by peers in a Spanish general population of 348, aged 18-35. Age and timing of the reported victimization were also considered. Victimization: physical, psychological, sexual abuse by adults and/or peers showed a prevalence of 44.54%. Of these, 41.29% reported abuse by both. Children victimized by adults, regardless of type, were significantly associated to be psychologically abused by their peers (p < .001). Moreover, psychological maltreatment by adults was significantly associated with two peer victimizations: Physical and psychological (p < .001 in both). Regarding HRBs, peer victimized groups showed significantly higher levels of severity than non-victimized, with a higher proportion reporting attempted suicide (p < .05) and psychological or psychiatric treatment (p < .05). Participants victimized only by adults reported higher number of HRBs (p < .01), their victimization was associated to more severe abuse of drugs/alcohol (p ≤ .05), and suicide attempts (p < .05). Those victimized by adults and peers received treatment in higher proportion than non-victims (p < .001). Participants reporting victimization since before 5 years to age of 17, compared with non-victimized, showed more substance abuse (p < .05), attempted suicide (p < .01) and receipt of treatment (p < .05). These findings highlight the relevance of ICAST-R in studying HRBs.
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Johnson P, Cawthon S, Fink B, Wendel E, Schoffstall S. Trauma and Resilience Among Deaf Individuals. JOURNAL OF DEAF STUDIES AND DEAF EDUCATION 2018; 23:317-330. [PMID: 30053140 DOI: 10.1093/deafed/eny024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2017] [Accepted: 06/26/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Resilience in the face of trauma is an important yet elusive construct in human development. While there are prevalent data suggesting high rates of trauma among deaf individuals, valuable insight on how resilience evolves among deaf individuals within the context of trauma has yet to be explored sufficiently. This study explored the concept of resilience through semi-structured interviews with a total of 19 experienced mental health providers. Using an applied thematic analysis approach, the following five themes were identified as crucial protective factors in resilience processes: individual assets, identity development, access to language and communication, access to information, and supportive networks. Findings both confirm previous findings about resilience as well as identify unique protective factors for deaf individuals with trauma. The discussion explores those protective factors and their role as resources for social services professionals and deaf individuals in efforts to support resilience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paige Johnson
- National Deaf Center on Postsecondary Outcomes
- The University of Texas at Austin
| | - Stephanie Cawthon
- National Deaf Center on Postsecondary Outcomes
- The University of Texas at Austin
| | - Bentley Fink
- National Deaf Center on Postsecondary Outcomes
- The University of Texas at Austin
| | - Erica Wendel
- National Deaf Center on Postsecondary Outcomes
- The University of Texas at Austin
| | - Sarah Schoffstall
- National Deaf Center on Postsecondary Outcomes
- The University of Texas at Austin
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Hong IK, Wang W, Pepler DJ, Craig WM. Peer victimization through a trauma lens: Identifying who is at risk for negative outcomes. Scand J Psychol 2018; 61:6-16. [PMID: 30260484 DOI: 10.1111/sjop.12488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2018] [Accepted: 07/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Irene K. Hong
- Department of Psychology Queen's University Kingston ON Canada
| | - Weijun Wang
- Department of Psychology Queen's University Kingston ON Canada
| | | | - Wendy M. Craig
- Department of Psychology Queen's University Kingston ON Canada
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Maya J, Lorence B, Hidalgo V, Jiménez L. The Role of Psychosocial Stress on a Family-Based Treatment for Adolescents with Problematic Behaviors. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2018; 15:E1867. [PMID: 30158458 PMCID: PMC6164718 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph15091867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2018] [Revised: 08/27/2018] [Accepted: 08/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The stressful life events experienced by adolescents with problematic behaviors, should be considered for implementing effective interventions. This study aimed to examine the adjustment of adolescents with problematic behaviors, and to assess the effectiveness of a family-based treatment, namely Scene-Based Psychodramatic Family Therapy (SB-PFT), according to different stress profiles. Ten SB-PFT sessions, over 17 trials were implemented. Stressful life events and adolescent adjustment were evaluated at pretest and posttest, for the SB-PFT participants (n = 104 adolescents) and a control group (n = 106). The adolescents were categorized into three profiles depending on the nature of the stressors: family stress profile, individual and family stress profile, and low stress profile. The individual and family stress group showed worse adjustment. Effectiveness analyses revealed improvements in SB-PFT participants' emotional intelligence, but not in anger and hostility. Furthermore, adolescents with low and family-related stress profiles showed enhancements in parent attachment. In conclusion, interventions involving adolescents with problematic behaviors must be tailored to the stressful life events experienced. Specific treatments should be used alongside SB-PFT, when adolescents are met with individual-related stress. Nevertheless, SB-PFT seemed to promote emotional intelligence and parent attachment, particularly in adolescents with problematic behaviors that experienced only family stressors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesús Maya
- Department of Developmental and Educational Psychology, University of Seville, Camilo José Cela s/n, 41018 Seville, Spain.
| | - Bárbara Lorence
- Department of Social, Developmental and Educational Psychology, University of Huelva, Avda. Tres de Marzo s/n, 21071 Huelva, Spain.
| | - Victoria Hidalgo
- Department of Developmental and Educational Psychology, University of Seville, Camilo José Cela s/n, 41018 Seville, Spain.
| | - Lucía Jiménez
- Department of Developmental and Educational Psychology, University of Seville, Camilo José Cela s/n, 41018 Seville, Spain.
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Alcántar Nieblas C, Valdés Cuervo AA, Carlos Martínez EA, Martínez Ferrer B, García Vazquez FI. Propiedades Psicométricas de la Adaptación al Español de la Participant Role Approach (PRA). REVISTA COLOMBIANA DE PSICOLOGÍA 2018. [DOI: 10.15446/rcp.v27n2.68721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
El estudio se propuso analizar las propiedades psicométricas del Participant Role Appoach (PRA) para medir roles de espectadores en el acoso escolar en niños mexicanos. Participaron Participaron 787 estudiantes, 415 (52.7 %) niños (M edad = 10.59, DE = .66 años) y 372 (47.3 %) niñas (M edad = 10.51, DE = .64 años). Los resultados del análisis factorial confirmatorio sugieren que el modelo de tres roles (pro-acoso, pro-social y no comprometido) se ajusta mejor que el de cuatro roles (alentador, asistente, defensor y no comprometido). La PRA presenta invariancia de medición en ambos sexos, y evidencias de validez concurrente. Se concluyó que la escala posee propiedades psicométricas adecuadas para la medición de roles de espectadores.
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Arango A, Cole-Lewis Y, Lindsay R, Yeguez CE, Clark M, King C. The Protective Role of Connectedness on Depression and Suicidal Ideation Among Bully Victimized Youth. JOURNAL OF CLINICAL CHILD AND ADOLESCENT PSYCHOLOGY 2018; 48:728-739. [DOI: 10.1080/15374416.2018.1443456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Carlos E. Yeguez
- Department of Psychology and Center for Children and Families, Florida International University
| | - Michael Clark
- Consulting for Statistics, Computing, & Analytics Research, University of Michigan
| | - Cheryl King
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan
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Longitudinal Examination of the Bullying-Sexual Violence Pathway across Early to Late Adolescence: Implicating Homophobic Name-Calling. J Youth Adolesc 2018; 47:1880-1893. [PMID: 29500577 DOI: 10.1007/s10964-018-0827-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2017] [Accepted: 02/08/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
The Bully-Sexual Violence Pathway theory has indicated that bullying perpetration predicts sexual violence perpetration among males and females over time in middle school, and that homophobic name-calling perpetration moderates that association among males. In this study, the Bully-Sexual Violence Pathway theory was tested across early to late adolescence. Participants included 3549 students from four Midwestern middle schools and six high schools. Surveys were administered across six time points from Spring 2008 to Spring 2013. At baseline, the sample was 32.2% White, 46.2% African American, 5.4% Hispanic, and 10.2% other. The sample was 50.2% female. The findings reveal that late middle school homophobic name-calling perpetration increased the odds of perpetrating sexual violence in high school among early middle school bullying male and female perpetrators, while homophobic name-calling victimization decreased the odds of high school sexual violence perpetration among females. The prevention of bullying and homophobic name-calling in middle school may prevent later sexual violence perpetration.
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Fogleman ND, Leaberry KD, Rosen PJ, Walerius DM, Slaughter KE. Relation between internalizing behaviors, externalizing behaviors, and peer victimization among children with and without ADHD. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 10:209-222. [DOI: 10.1007/s12402-018-0248-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2017] [Accepted: 01/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Fales JL, Rice S, Aaron RV, Palermo TM. Traditional and cyber-victimization among adolescents with and without chronic pain. Health Psychol 2017; 37:291-300. [PMID: 29154604 DOI: 10.1037/hea0000569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Prior research has revealed a link between peer victimization and somatic complaints in healthy youth; however, the peer victimization experiences of youth with clinically significant chronic pain have not been examined. This study aims to determine rates of peer victimization among youth seeking treatment for chronic pain and to compare these rates to a community control group. Relationships between peer victimization, depressive symptoms, and functional disability are also examined. METHOD One hundred forty-three adolescents (70 with chronic pain) completed measures assessing their experience of traditional (physical, relational, reputational) and cyber-based peer victimization, as well as measures assessing their depressive symptoms and pain-related functional disability. RESULTS Peer victimization experiences were common among youth with and without chronic pain. Within the chronic pain group, there were differences in rates of peer victimization as a function of the adolescent's school setting. Adolescents with chronic pain attending traditional schools reported more frequent peer victimization experiences than adolescents with pain not enrolled in school or attending online/home school. Within the chronic pain sample, peer victimization was moderately associated with depressive symptoms and functional disability. Tests of a simple mediation model revealed a significant indirect effect of peer victimization on functional disability, through depression. CONCLUSIONS These results are the first to systematically document the peer victimization experiences of adolescents with chronic pain. Peer victimization is commonly experienced, particularly for those enrolled in traditional school settings. Associations with depressive symptoms and functional disability suggest that peer victimization may be a useful target for intervention. (PsycINFO Database Record
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Shetgiri R. Bullying and Children's Academic Performance. Acad Pediatr 2017; 17:797-798. [PMID: 28870651 DOI: 10.1016/j.acap.2017.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2017] [Accepted: 08/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rashmi Shetgiri
- Department of Pediatrics, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Los Angeles, and Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, Calif.
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Gulewitsch MD, Jusyte A, Mazurak N, Weimer K, Schönenberg M. Preliminary evidence for increased parasympathetic activity during social inclusion and exclusion in adolescents with functional abdominal pain. J Psychosom Res 2017; 98:106-112. [PMID: 28554365 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychores.2017.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2016] [Revised: 05/04/2017] [Accepted: 05/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Peer victimization (e.g. social exclusion) has been shown to be associated with physical health problems such as functional somatic complaints and especially symptoms of pain. To date, no study has investigated the mechanisms underlying this association in clinical pediatric samples. The aim of this study was to evaluate the parasympathetic activity during a social exclusion experience in adolescents with functional abdominal pain (FAP). METHODS Twenty adolecents with FAP and 21 matched healthy participants were compared regarding parameters of parasympathetic activation before, during, and after participating in the Cyberball-game, a well-established paradigm to induce social exclusion. RESULTS Adolescents with FAP showed an increase in parasympathetic activation during both consecutive phases of the Cyberball game (inclusion as well as exclusion condition) whereas the healthy control group remained stable. There were no differences in subjective experience of in- and exclusion between the groups. CONCLUSION The parasympathetic activation pattern may indicate altered processing of social stimuli in adolescents with FAP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Daniel Gulewitsch
- Department of Psychology, Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen, Germany.
| | - Aiste Jusyte
- LEAD Graduate School & Research Network, University of Tübingen, Germany
| | - Nazar Mazurak
- Department of Internal Medicine VI/Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Tübingen, Germany
| | - Katja Weimer
- Department of Internal Medicine VI/Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Tübingen, Germany
| | - Michael Schönenberg
- Department of Psychology, Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen, Germany
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Jackson V, Chou S, Browne K. Protective Factors Against Child Victimization in the School and Community: An Exploratory Systematic Review of Longitudinal Predictors and Interacting Variables. TRAUMA, VIOLENCE & ABUSE 2017; 18:303-321. [PMID: 26492892 DOI: 10.1177/1524838015611675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Protective factors against the victimization of children and young people within the school and community environments (extrafamilial victimization) have received less attention than risk factors. To date, there has been no systematic review on protective factors. This systematic review therefore aimed to synthesize the prospective longitudinal research findings on the protective factors against extrafamilial victimization. A systematic search of multiple sources led to the identification of 19,053 studies. Following application of a predefined inclusion and quality assessment criteria, 13 studies exploring protective factors against peer victimization and exposure to violence were included in this review. Across these studies, 19 protective factors were explored: 9 individual factors and 10 contextual factors. Four studies also explored the impact of mediating and moderating variables on the relationship between predictors and extrafamilial victimization. Findings highlight inconsistencies in the definition and measurement of victimization, along with bias in a number of areas. Nevertheless, a small number of variables (perceptions of social competence, physical strength, and aggression) were identified as potential protective factors against extrafamilial victimization. Additionally, mediating and moderating variables were identified, and the interaction between individual and contextual protective and risk factors were highlighted. These findings are explored under the theoretical framework of the ecological systems theory and their practical and research-based implications are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vicki Jackson
- 1 Centre for Forensic and Family Psychology, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Shihning Chou
- 1 Centre for Forensic and Family Psychology, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Kevin Browne
- 1 Centre for Forensic and Family Psychology, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
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Peer victimization in adolescence: The nature, progression, and consequences of being bullied within a developmental context. J Adolesc 2017; 55:116-128. [PMID: 28081521 DOI: 10.1016/j.adolescence.2016.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2016] [Revised: 12/17/2016] [Accepted: 12/30/2016] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Since Dan Olweus's seminal work on bullying in the 1970's (Olweus, 1978), there has been a concerted effort by investigators to identify the confluence of factors that contribute to peer victimization and its role in psychosocial development. Although the cause and consequences of peer victimization may include underlying, age-invariant processes, the manifestation of these factors is, in part, driven by the developmental stage being studied. Thus, a comprehensive understanding of peer victimization requires an explicit developmental perspective. This paper examines how peer victimization in adolescence is unique from other developmental periods. Changes in the nature of peer victimization, associated risk factors, the contexts in which victimization is experienced, and the psychosocial outcomes affected are addressed. A primary focus is how maturational processes and interpersonal contexts characteristic of adolescence contribute to changes in victimization, with the objective of informing future research directions and the development of effective interventions.
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