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Pedersen ER, DiGuiseppi G, D'Amico EJ, Rodriguez A, Tran DD, Jose R, Tucker JS. Predictors of Housing Trajectories Among Young Adults Experiencing Homelessness in Los Angeles. J Behav Health Serv Res 2024; 51:31-43. [PMID: 37803216 PMCID: PMC10733216 DOI: 10.1007/s11414-023-09863-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/08/2023]
Abstract
Experiencing homelessness during young adulthood is associated with negative health outcomes and understanding housing trajectories of young adults experiencing homelessness may aid in the development of evidence-based public health programs designed to serve this at-risk age group. In the present study, the authors examined baseline predictors of 24-month trajectories of housing stability and unsheltered housing among a sample of 271 young adults aged 18 to 25 recruited from drop-in centers in Los Angeles. In multivariate models, the authors found that identifying as multi-racial/other and better friendship quality at baseline were associated with less steep increases in the likelihood of stable housing over time. Being employed at baseline was associated with a less steep decrease in the probability of being unsheltered over time, while illicit drug use days associated with a steeper decrease in the probability of being unsheltered over time. Continued research is needed to establish important factors determining young adults' long-term housing trajectories in the effort to promote greater access and engagement with housing services.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric R Pedersen
- Keck School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Southern California, 2250 Alcazar Street, Suite 2200, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA.
| | - Graham DiGuiseppi
- School of Social Work, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
- RAND Corporation, 4570 Fifth Ave #600, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Elizabeth J D'Amico
- RAND Corporation, 1776 Main Street, PO Box 2138, Santa Monica, CA, 90407, USA
| | | | - Denise D Tran
- Keck School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Southern California, 2250 Alcazar Street, Suite 2200, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA
| | - Rupa Jose
- RAND Corporation, 1776 Main Street, PO Box 2138, Santa Monica, CA, 90407, USA
| | - Joan S Tucker
- RAND Corporation, 1776 Main Street, PO Box 2138, Santa Monica, CA, 90407, USA
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Taliaferro LA, Heerde JA, Bailey JA, Toumbourou JW, McMorris BJ. Adolescent Predictors of Deliberate Self-Harm Thoughts and Behavior Among Young Adults: A Longitudinal Cross-National Study. J Adolesc Health 2023; 73:61-69. [PMID: 36914447 PMCID: PMC10293113 DOI: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2023.01.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Revised: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 01/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study builds upon and extends previous longitudinal research on deliberate self-harm (DSH) among youth by investigating which risk and protective factors during adolescence predict DSH thoughts and behavior in young adulthood. METHODS Self-report data came from 1,945 participants recruited as state-representative cohorts from Washington State and Victoria, Australia. Participants completed surveys in seventh grade (average age 13 years), as they transitioned through eighth and ninth grades and online at age 25 years. Retention of the original sample at age 25 years was 88%. A range of risk and protective factors in adolescence for DSH thoughts and behavior in young adulthood were examined using multivariable analyses. RESULTS Across the sample, 9.55% (n = 162) and 2.83% (n = 48) of young adult participants reported DSH thoughts and behaviors, respectively. In the combined risk-protective factor multivariable model for young adulthood DSH thoughts, depressive symptoms in adolescence (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 1.05; confidence interval [CI] = 1.00-1.09) increased risk, while higher levels of adolescent adaptive coping strategies (AOR = 0.46; CI = 0.28-0.74), higher levels of adolescent community rewards for prosocial behavior (AOR = 0.73; CI = 0.57-0.93), and living in Washington State decreased risk. In the final multivariable model for DSH behavior in young adulthood, less positive family management strategies during adolescence remained the only significant predictor (AOR = 1.90; CI = 1.01-3.60). DISCUSSION DSH prevention and intervention programs should not only focus on managing depression and building/enhancing family connections and support but also promote resilience through efforts to promote adaptive coping and connections to adults within one's community who recognize and reward prosocial behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsay A Taliaferro
- Department of Population Health Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida.
| | - Jessica A Heerde
- Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; Department of Social Work, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; Centre for Adolescent Health, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jennifer A Bailey
- Social Development Research Group, School of Social Work, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - John W Toumbourou
- Centre for Social and Early Emotional Development, School of Psychology, Deakin University, Melbourne, Burwood, Victoria, Australia
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Benstead ML, Stones J, Gibson G, Moody LJ, Little K, Toumbourou JW. Program logic of a mental health outreach service for socially anxious youth. EVALUATION AND PROGRAM PLANNING 2023; 97:102250. [PMID: 36739745 DOI: 10.1016/j.evalprogplan.2023.102250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Revised: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Youth mental health is a major concern both in Australia and internationally. Identifying at-risk young people is a core service priority. This report describes a "Youth Social Inclusion Program" developed in Australia to assist young people identified as having social difficulties that prevent them linking into formal mental health services. This report describes the Australian service context and uses the "program explication" methodology to document: the program activities, therapeutic processes, and underpinning evidence for the benefits of this service. Program explication is a consulting method designed to assist services to identify and review implicit program logic assumptions against evaluation literature. We demonstrate the application of this method in exploring the assumptions and evidence for the Youth Social Inclusion Program, targeting outreach to socially anxious young people in Australia. The Youth Social Inclusion Program involved seven logically consistent activities. Our literature search revealed moderate evidence for the expected benefits of the activities. This practice-based design drew on several theoretical perspectives. Given that the program logic has been established, we outline a proposal for further evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- M L Benstead
- Centre for Social and Early Emotional Development, School of Psychology, Deakin University, 1 Gheringhap Street, Geelong 3220, Australia.
| | - J Stones
- Headspace Geelong, 105 Yarra Street, Geelong 3220, Australia; Barwon Child, Youth & Family, 222 Malop Street, Geelong 3220, Australia
| | - G Gibson
- Headspace Geelong, 105 Yarra Street, Geelong 3220, Australia; Barwon Child, Youth & Family, 222 Malop Street, Geelong 3220, Australia
| | - L J Moody
- Barwon Child, Youth & Family, 222 Malop Street, Geelong 3220, Australia; School of Medicine, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds 3216, Australia
| | - K Little
- Centre for Social and Early Emotional Development, School of Psychology, Deakin University, 1 Gheringhap Street, Geelong 3220, Australia; Barwon Child, Youth & Family, 222 Malop Street, Geelong 3220, Australia
| | - J W Toumbourou
- Centre for Social and Early Emotional Development, School of Psychology, Deakin University, 1 Gheringhap Street, Geelong 3220, Australia
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Heerde JA, Merrin GJ, Le VT, Toumbourou JW, Bailey JA. Health of Young Adults Experiencing Social Marginalization and Vulnerability: A Cross-National Longitudinal Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:1711. [PMID: 36767076 PMCID: PMC9914820 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20031711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
People who experience social marginalization and vulnerability have uniquely complex health needs and are at risk of poor health outcomes. Regression analyses using longitudinal data from a cross-national, population-based sample of young adults participating in the International Youth Development Study, tested associations between social marginalization and vulnerabilities and physical health, mental health, and substance use outcomes. Participants from Victoria, Australia, and Washington State in the US were surveyed at ages 25 (2014) and 29 years (2018; N = 1944; 46.7% male). A history of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs), LGBT identity, financial insecurity, and justice system involvement at age 25 predicted poor health outcomes at age 28, including lower perceived health status, risk for chronic illness, depression and anxiety symptoms, and diagnosed mental health/substance use disorders. Tests of model equivalence across states showed that a history of ACEs was more strongly related to health status and serious injury at age 28 and justice system involvement at age 25 was more strongly related to age 28 serious injury in Victoria than in Washington State. Findings strengthen the case for future population-based research identifying life-course interventions and state policies for reducing poor health and improving health equity among members of socially marginalized groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica A. Heerde
- Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville 3052, Australia
- Department of Social Work, The University of Melbourne, Parkville 3010, Australia
- Centre for Adolescent Health, Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Parkville 3052, Australia
| | - Gabriel J. Merrin
- Department of Human Development and Family Science, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY 13244, USA
| | - Vi T. Le
- Social Development Research Group, School of Social Work, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98115, USA
| | - John W. Toumbourou
- Centre for Adolescent Health, Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Parkville 3052, Australia
- Centre for Social and Early Emotional Development, School of Psychology, Deakin University, Burwood 3125, Australia
| | - Jennifer A. Bailey
- Social Development Research Group, School of Social Work, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98115, USA
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Doery E, Satyen L, Paradies Y, Rowland B, Bailey JA, Heerde JA, Renner H, Smith R, Toumbourou JW. Young Adult Development Indicators for Indigenous and Non-Indigenous People: A Cross-National Longitudinal Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:17084. [PMID: 36554965 PMCID: PMC9779129 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192417084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Worldwide, Indigenous youth face ongoing challenges and inequalities. Increasing our understanding of life course patterns in Indigenous youth will assist the design of strategies and interventions that encourage positive development. This study aimed to increase understanding of resilience and positive development in Indigenous and non-Indigenous youth across Australia and the United States of America. The Australian sample comprised 9680 non-Indigenous and 176 Pacific Islander and Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples. The USA sample comprised 2258 non-Indigenous and 220 Pacific Islander, Native Hawaiian and Native American/American Indian peoples. Data were used to examine how Indigenous background, volunteering, and community involvement at average age 15 years (Grade 9) predicted five young adult positive development indicators: Year 12 (Grade 12) school completion, tertiary education participation, independent income, paid employment, and intimate relationship formation from age 18 to 28 years. Multilevel regression analyses revealed that while Indigenous youth showed slower increases in positive young adult development over time, when adjusting for socioeconomic disadvantage, there was a reduction in this difference. Moreover, we found that Grade 9 community involvement and volunteering were positively associated with young adult development for Indigenous and non-Indigenous youth. Findings indicate the importance of addressing structural inequalities and increasing adolescent opportunities as feasible strategies to improve positive outcomes for young Indigenous adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Doery
- School of Psychology, Burwood Campus, Deakin University, 221 Burwood Hwy, Burwood 3125, Australia
| | - Lata Satyen
- School of Psychology, Burwood Campus, Deakin University, 221 Burwood Hwy, Burwood 3125, Australia
| | - Yin Paradies
- School of Humanities and Social Sciences, Burwood Campus, Deakin University, 221 Burwood Hwy, Burwood 3125, Australia
| | - Bosco Rowland
- Monash Addiction Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine Eastern Health Clinical School, Monash University, Clayton 3800, Australia
| | - Jennifer A. Bailey
- Social Development Research Group, University of Washington, 9725 3rd Avenue NE, Seattle, WA 98115, USA
| | - Jessica A. Heerde
- Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Level 2 West, Royal Children’s Hospital, 50 Flemington Road, Parkville 3052, Australia
| | - Heidi Renner
- School of Psychology, Burwood Campus, Deakin University, 221 Burwood Hwy, Burwood 3125, Australia
| | - Rachel Smith
- Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Royal Children’s Hospital, 50 Flemington Rd, Parkville 3052, Australia
| | - John W. Toumbourou
- School of Psychology, Burwood Campus, Deakin University, 221 Burwood Hwy, Burwood 3125, Australia
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Heerde JA, Bailey JA, Patton GC, Toumbourou JW. A population-based study of homelessness, antisocial behaviour and violence victimisation among young adults in Victoria, Australia. THE AUSTRALIAN JOURNAL OF SOCIAL ISSUES 2022; 57:762-782. [PMID: 36530738 PMCID: PMC9748854 DOI: 10.1002/ajs4.212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Revised: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Homeless young adults are at increased risk for contact with the police and are overrepresented in the justice system. This study explored associations between homelessness, antisocial behaviour and violence victimisation using longitudinal panel data gathered through young adulthood. Data were drawn from a state representative population-based sample of young adults from Victoria, Australia participating in the International Youth Development Study (IYDS; n = 2884, 54% female). Participants were surveyed at age 21 years, with follow-up at ages 23 and 25 years. We examined changes in the prevalence of homelessness and tested hypothesised directional relationships between young adult homelessness, antisocial behaviour and violence victimisation using longitudinal cross-lagged panel models. Multiple-group modelling was used to test whether these relationships were moderated by gender. The prevalence of young adult homelessness was highest at age 21 (6.5%), declining at ages 23 (3.9%) and 25 years (2.5%). Results showed that young adult homelessness, antisocial behaviour and victimisation were related cross-sectionally, but not longitudinally. Gender did not significantly moderate these associations. Findings suggest that the state of homelessness is associated with temporary vulnerability to potentially harmful and problematic situations involving antisocial behaviour and victimisation. These situations are likely to heighten risk for contact with the police and direct physical and psychological harm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica A. Heerde
- Department of PaediatricsThe University of MelbourneMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
- Department of Social WorkThe University of MelbourneMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
- Centre for Adolescent HealthRoyal Children’s HospitalMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
- Murdoch Children’s Research InstituteMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
| | - Jennifer A. Bailey
- Social Development Research GroupSchool of Social WorkUniversity of WashingtonSeattleWashingtonUSA
| | - George C. Patton
- Department of PaediatricsThe University of MelbourneMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
- Centre for Adolescent HealthRoyal Children’s HospitalMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
- Murdoch Children’s Research InstituteMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
| | - John W. Toumbourou
- Centre for Adolescent HealthRoyal Children’s HospitalMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
- Murdoch Children’s Research InstituteMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
- School of PsychologyCentre for Social and Early Emotional DevelopmentDeakin UniversityBurwoodVictoriaAustralia
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Lawson C, Prentice K, Jennings J, Johnston K. First steps towards a mental health and neurodevelopmental screening of secondary school children following two fixed-term school exclusions in the UK. EMOTIONAL AND BEHAVIOURAL DIFFICULTIES 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/13632752.2022.2141871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Caron Lawson
- Department of Psychology, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience (IoPPN), King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Kate Prentice
- Adolescent At-Risk & Forensic Service, Michael Rutter Centre, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Janine Jennings
- Adolescent At-Risk & Forensic Service, Michael Rutter Centre, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Kate Johnston
- Department of Psychology, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience (IoPPN), King’s College London, London, UK
- Adolescent At-Risk & Forensic Service, Michael Rutter Centre, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
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Tucker JS, Davis JP, Perez LG, Klein DJ, D’Amico EJ. Late Adolescent Predictors of Homelessness and Food Insecurity During Emerging Adulthood. J Adolesc Health 2022; 70:736-742. [PMID: 34903427 PMCID: PMC9038616 DOI: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2021.10.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Revised: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Economic instability is a significant and growing problem among emerging adults in the U.S. This study identifies adolescent factors across multiple levels of influence that predict homelessness and food insecurity 5 years later. METHODS The analytic sample (n = 2,110) completed a survey in 2015-2016 (mean age 17) that assessed a range of demographic, behavioral health, family, peer, academic, and neighborhood factors, and a follow-up survey in 2019-2020 (mean age 23) that assessed past-year homelessness and food insecurity. Logistic regression analyses were conducted for the full sample, and by race/ethnicity. RESULTS At follow-up, 7.5% of participants reported homelessness, and 29.3% reported food insecurity. Multivariate analyses indicated that only adverse childhood experiences and weaker academic orientation predicted both outcomes. Future homelessness was additionally predicted by greater exposure to substance using peers during adolescence. Identifying as Hispanic, lower maternal education, and greater neighborhood disorganization were risk factors for future food insecurity, and living with both biological parents and better mental health were protective factors. Race/ethnicity stratified models showed variations in multilevel predictors of both outcomes, except for adverse childhood experiences, which were significant across all subgroups. CONCLUSIONS Adverse childhood experiences and weaker academic orientation emerged as the most robust predictors of economic instability in emerging adulthood. However, a range of other modifiable multilevel predictors in adolescence were identified that were unique to homelessness or food insecurity and that varied by race/ethnicity. Results suggest the need for multilevel approaches early in life to reduce risk of economic instability during emerging adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jordan P. Davis
- Suzanne Dworak-Peck School of Social Work, USC Center for Artificial Intelligence in Society, USC Center for Mindfulness Science, USC Institute for Addiction Science, University of Southern California
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Adolescent Antecedents of Young Adult Homelessness: a Cross-national Path Analysis. PREVENTION SCIENCE : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR PREVENTION RESEARCH 2022; 23:85-95. [PMID: 34181152 PMCID: PMC8712626 DOI: 10.1007/s11121-021-01267-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Adolescent and young adult health, development, and behavior lay a foundation for future population health. Increasing rates of young adult homelessness mean there is a need for research which generates evidence to support a stronger focus on population-level prevention. Using longitudinal data from a population-based sample of young adults participating in the cross-nationally matched International Youth Development Study, we examined adolescent antecedents of young adult homelessness in Washington State in the USA and in Victoria, Australia. Participants were surveyed using a modified version of the Communities That Care youth survey. Analyses of prospective, longitudinal data from 1945 participants, recruited as state-representative secondary school samples at grade 7 (average age 13, 2002) and longitudinally compared at young adulthood (average age 25, 2014), showed that young adults in Washington State reported higher rates of past year homelessness (5.24%) compared to those in Victoria (3.25%). Path modeling showed less positive family management strategies at age 13 uniquely increased risk for age 25 homelessness. This effect remained after accounting for age 15 antecedents in peer-group, school, and community environments. Friends' drug use, school suspension, academic failure, and low neighborhood attachment at age 15 mediated the association between less positive family management strategies at age 13 and age 25 homelessness. Despite observing some cross-national differences in levels of family, peer-group, school, and community antecedents, we found that these factors equally increased risk for age 25 homelessness in both states, suggesting similar cross-national influences for young adult homelessness. The findings indicate cross-nationally common adolescent antecedents for young adult homelessness that could be targeted by prevention strategies across international settings.
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Heerde JA, Bailey JA, Kelly AB, McMorris BJ, Patton GC, Toumbourou JW. Life-course predictors of homelessness from adolescence into adulthood: A population-based cohort study. J Adolesc 2021; 91:15-24. [PMID: 34271292 PMCID: PMC8423126 DOI: 10.1016/j.adolescence.2021.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2020] [Revised: 06/20/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Internationally, the prevalence of young adult homelessness is concerning. Few data on life-course predictors from longitudinal studies exist, limiting our capacity to inform prevention strategies at the population-level. METHODS Data were drawn from a state representative population-based sample of young adults from Victoria, Australia participating in the International Youth Development Study (IYDS; N = 927, 54% female). Participants were recruited in state-representative secondary school samples at Grade 7 (age 13, 2002), with follow-up in Grades 9 (age 15) and 11 (age 17) and at ages 21, 23 and 25. Using longitudinal path modelling, we conducted a series of analyses testing life-course predictors of young adult homelessness across multiple socializing contexts, and the interrelationships among them. RESULTS The rate of young adult homelessness was 5.5%. Path modelling showed higher levels of family conflict at ages 13 and 15 uniquely predicted homelessness by age 25. This effect remained after accounting for other risk factors in peer-group (e.g., interactions with antisocial peers), school (e.g., low academic performance), and community contexts (e.g., low neighborhood attachment). Peer drug use and interaction with antisocial peers at age 15 mediated the association between family conflict at age 13 and homelessness by age 25. CONCLUSIONS Findings point to the vulnerability of early adolescents to family conflict. This vulnerability heightens risk for young adult homelessness. Findings strengthen the case for both primary prevention programs that build healthy relationships between family members from early on in adolescence and for investment in homelessness prevention at key developmental periods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica A Heerde
- Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Honorary Research Fellow, The Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Australia.
| | - Jennifer A Bailey
- Social Development Research Group, School of Social Work, University of Washington, USA
| | - Adrian B Kelly
- School of Psychology and Counselling, Queensland University of Technology, Australia
| | | | - George C Patton
- Professorial Fellow in Adolescent Health Research, Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Centre for Adolescent Health, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Australia
| | - John W Toumbourou
- Centre for Social and Early Emotional Development, School of Psychology, Deakin University; and Centre for Adolescent Health, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Australia
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Heerde JA, Patton GC. The vulnerability of young homeless people. LANCET PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 5:e302-e303. [DOI: 10.1016/s2468-2667(20)30121-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Heerde JA, Bailey JA, Toumbourou JW, Rowland B, Catalano RF. Prevalence of homelessness and co-occurring problems: A comparison of young adults in Victoria, Australia and Washington State, United States. CHILDREN AND YOUTH SERVICES REVIEW 2020; 109:10.1016/j.childyouth.2019.104692. [PMID: 32139951 PMCID: PMC7058145 DOI: 10.1016/j.childyouth.2019.104692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Homelessness is associated with various co-occurring health and social problems yet; few contemporary international studies have examined these problems in young adulthood. This descriptive study presents cross-state comparison of the prevalence of young adult homelessness in Washington State, USA and Victoria, Australia using state representative samples from the International Youth Development Study (IYDS; n = 1,945, 53% female). Associations between young adult homelessness and a range of co-occurring problems were examined using a modified version of the Communities That Care youth survey. Results showed significantly higher rates of past year homelessness were reported by young adults in Washington State (5.24% vs. 3.25% in Victoria). Cross-state differences were evident in levels of friends' drug use, antisocial behavior, weekly income and support from peers. Unemployment (Adjusted Odds Ratio [AOR] = 2.67), antisocial behavior (AOR = 3.54) and victimization (AOR = 3.37) were more likely among young adults reporting homelessness in both states. Young adults with higher weekly income were less likely to report homelessness (AOR = .69) in both states. No significant association between mental health problem symptoms, substance use, family conflict or interaction with antisocial peers and homelessness were found in either state. Rates of violent behavior were more strongly related to young adult homelessness in Washington State than Victoria. The current findings suggest that programs that enable young adults to pursue income and employment, reduce antisocial behavior and include services for those who have been victimized, may help to mitigate harm among young adults experiencing homelessness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica A Heerde
- Department of Paediatrics, Melbourne Medical School, The University of Melbourne; Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Australia
| | - Jennifer A Bailey
- Social Development Research Group, School of Social Work, University of Washington, USA
| | - John W Toumbourou
- Centre for Social and Early Emotional Development, School of Psychology, Deakin University; Centre for Adolescent Health, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Australia
| | | | - Richard F Catalano
- Social Development Research Group, School of Social Work, University of Washington
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