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Chiang HL, Chuang YF, Chen YA, Hsu CT, Ho CC, Hsu HT, Sheu YH, Gau SSF, Liang LL. Physical Fitness and Risk of Mental Disorders in Children and Adolescents. JAMA Pediatr 2024; 178:595-607. [PMID: 38683586 PMCID: PMC11059046 DOI: 10.1001/jamapediatrics.2024.0806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
Importance With the rising prevalence of mental disorders among children and adolescents, identifying modifiable associations is critical. Objective To examine the association between physical fitness and mental disorder risks. Design, Setting, and Participants This nationwide cohort study used data from the Taiwan National Student Fitness Tests and National Health Insurance Research Databases from January 1, 2009 to December 31, 2019. Participants were divided into 2 cohorts targeting anxiety and depression (1 996 633 participants) and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD; 1 920 596 participants). Participants were aged 10 to 11 years at study entry and followed up for at least 3 years, had a nearly equal gender distribution, and an average follow-up of 6 years. Data were analyzed from October 2022 to February 2024. Exposures Assessments of physical fitness included cardiorespiratory fitness (CF), muscular endurance (ME), muscular power (MP), and flexibility, measured through an 800-m run time, bent-leg curl-ups, standing broad jump, and sit-and-reach test, respectively. Main Outcomes and Measures Kaplan-Meier method calculated the cumulative incidence of anxiety, depression, and ADHD across fitness quartiles. Additionally, multivariable Cox proportional hazards models were used that included all 4 fitness components and explored sex and income as modifiers. Results The anxiety and depression cohort had 1 996 633 participants (1 035 411 participants were male [51.9%], and the median [IQR] age was 10.6 [10.3-11.0] years), while the ADHD cohort had 1 920 596 (975 568 participants were male [51.9%], and the median [IQR] age was 10.6 [10.3-11.0] years). Cumulative incidence of mental disorders was lower among participants in better-performing fitness quartiles, suggesting a dose-dependent association. Gender-specific analyses, controlling for confounders, revealed that improved CF, indicated by a 30-second decrease in run times, was associated with reduced risks of anxiety, depression, and ADHD in female participants, and lower risks of anxiety and ADHD in male participants (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR] for ADHD risk for female participants, 0.92; 95% CI, 0.90-0.94; P < .001; for male participants, 0.93; 95% CI, 0.92-0.94; P < .001). Enhanced ME, marked by an increase of 5 curl-ups per minute, was associated with decreased risks of depression and ADHD in female participants, and lower anxiety and ADHD risks in male participants (aHR for ADHD risk for female participants, 0.94; 95% CI, 0.92-0.97; P < .001; for male participants, 0.96; 95% CI, 0.95-0.97; P < .001). Improved MP, reflected by a 20-cm increase in jump distance, was associated with reduced risks of anxiety and ADHD in female participants and reduced anxiety, depression, and ADHD in male participants (aHR for ADHD risk for female participants, 0.95; 95% CI, 0.91-1.00; P = .04; for male participants, 0.96; 95% CI, 0.94-0.99; P = .001). Conclusions and Relevance This study highlights the potential protective role of cardiorespiratory fitness, muscular endurance, and muscular power in preventing the onset of mental disorders. It warrants further investigation of the effectiveness of physical fitness programs as a preventive measure for mental disorders among children and adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huey-Ling Chiang
- Department of Psychiatry, National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Psychiatry, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Fang Chuang
- Department of Psychiatry, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan
- International Health Program, College of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute of Public Health, College of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-An Chen
- Institute of Public Health, College of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Te Hsu
- Department of Sport Management, National Taiwan University of Sport, Taichung, Taiwan
- The Research Center of Sport and Health Industry, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Chang Ho
- Department of Physical Education, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, Taiwan
- Sports Medicine Center, Fu Jen Catholic Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Hsiu-Tao Hsu
- The Research Center of Sport and Health Industry, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Center for Physical and Health Education, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Han Sheu
- Center for Precision Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Susan Shur-Fen Gau
- Department of Psychiatry, National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine and Graduate Institute of Brain and Mind Sciences, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Li-Lin Liang
- Institute of Public Health, College of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Health Innovation Center, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Research Center for Epidemic Prevention and One Health, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Solera-Sanchez A, Christian DL, Beltran-Valls MR, Adelantado-Renau M, Martin-Smith R, MacDonald MJ, Tyler R, Fairclough SJ. Cross-sectional and longitudinal relationships between cardiorespiratory fitness and health-related quality of life in primary school children in England: the mediating role of psychological correlates of physical activity. Perspect Public Health 2024; 144:119-128. [PMID: 36226987 DOI: 10.1177/17579139221118771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The aims were (1) to analyse the cross-sectional and longitudinal associations between children's cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and (2) to examine whether these associations were mediated by physical activity self-efficacy and physical activity enjoyment. METHODS This study involved 383 children (10.0 ± 0.5 years) recruited from 20 primary schools in northwest England. Data were collected on two occasions 12 weeks apart. The number of laps completed in the 20-m Shuttle Run Test was used as the CRF indicator. HRQoL was assessed using the KIDSCREEN-10 questionnaire. Physical activity self-efficacy and enjoyment were assessed with the social-cognitive and Physical Activity Enjoyment Scale questionnaires, respectively. Linear mixed models with random intercepts (schools) assessed associations between CRF and HRQoL cross-sectionally, and longitudinally. Boot-strapped mediation procedures were performed, and indirect effects (IE) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) not including zero considered as statistically significant. Analyses were adjusted for sex, time of the year, socioeconomic status, waist-to-height ratio, maturation, and physical activity. RESULTS CRF was cross-sectionally associated with HRQoL (β = 0.09, 95% CI = 0.02, 0.16; p = .015). In the longitudinal analysis, CRF at baseline was associated with HRQoL at 12 weeks after additionally controlling for baseline HRQoL (β = 0.08, 95% CI = 0.002; p = .15, p = .045). Cross-sectionally, physical activity self-efficacy and enjoyment acted individually as mediators in the relationship between CRF and HRQoL (IE = 0.069, 95% CI = 0.038; p = .105 and IE = 0.045, 95% CI = 0.016; p = .080, respectively). In the longitudinal analysis, physical activity self-efficacy showed a significant mediating effect (IE = 0.025, 95% CI = 0.004; p = .054). CONCLUSION Our findings highlight the influence of CRF on children's psychological correlates of physical activity and their overall HRQoL.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Solera-Sanchez
- LIFE Research Group, Department of Education, University Jaume I, Castellon, Spain
| | - D L Christian
- Faculty of Health and Wellbeing, University of Central Lancashire, Preston, UK
| | - M R Beltran-Valls
- LIFE Research Group, Department of Education, University Jaume I, Av. de Vicent Sos Baynat, s/n, Castellon 12071, Spain
| | - M Adelantado-Renau
- LIFE Research Group, Department of Education, University Jaume I, Castellon, Spain
| | - R Martin-Smith
- Movement Behaviours, Health, and Wellbeing Research Group, Department of Sport and Physical Activity, Edge Hill University, Ormskirk, UK
| | - M J MacDonald
- Movement Behaviours, Health, and Wellbeing Research Group, Department of Sport and Physical Activity, Edge Hill University, Ormskirk, UK
| | - R Tyler
- Movement Behaviours, Health, and Wellbeing Research Group, Department of Sport and Physical Activity, Edge Hill University, Ormskirk, UK
| | - S J Fairclough
- Movement Behaviours, Health, and Wellbeing Research Group, Department of Sport and Physical Activity, Edge Hill University, Ormskirk, UK
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Ningning W, Wenguang C. Influence of family parenting style on the formation of eating behaviors and habits in preschool children: The mediating role of quality of life and nutritional knowledge. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0288878. [PMID: 37471435 PMCID: PMC10358991 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0288878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023] Open
Abstract
To provide empirical support for understanding the effects of different family parenting styles on the development of preschool children's eating habits and to promote healthy child development. Using a randomized whole-group sampling method, full-time public kindergartens in three regions of China were selected as the study population of preschool children, and 1141 children's guardians in these regions were surveyed and evaluated. It was used to examine the differential effects of different family parenting styles (EMBU) on preschool children's eating behavior (CEBQ), while quality of survival (QLSCA) and nutritional literacy (NLS) played a mediating role in the process. The results showed that at the direct effect level, authoritative, authoritarian, coddling, and neglectful family parenting styles had significant effects on preschool children's eating behavior (-0.161 ≤ β ≤ 0.232, p < 0.05); at the indirect effect level, family survival quality (QLSCA), and nutritional literacy (NLS) under the influence of different family parenting styles (EMBU) on children's eating the total indirect effect was [OR] 0.273, 95%: CI 0.181-0.368. It is evident that it is imperative to develop good eating behaviors in children at preschool age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wang Ningning
- School of Physical Education, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, China
- Graduate Students' Affairs Department, Shenyang Sport University, Shenyang, China
| | - Cheng Wenguang
- School of Management and Journalism, Shenyang Sport University, Shenyang, China
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Sánchez-Delgado A, Pérez-Bey A, Izquierdo-Gómez R, Jimenez-Iglesias J, Marcos A, Gómez-Martínez S, Girela-Rejón MJ, Veiga OL, Castro-Piñero J. Fitness, body composition, and metabolic risk scores in children and adolescents: the UP&DOWN study. Eur J Pediatr 2023; 182:669-687. [PMID: 36443504 PMCID: PMC9899179 DOI: 10.1007/s00431-022-04707-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
We aimed to analyse the longitudinal association between physical fitness (PF) and body composition (BC) with a metabolic risk score (Met4) in children and adolescents and to elucidate whether the association between PF and Met4 differs when using relativized or absolute fitness variables. A total of 188 children (86 females) and 195 adolescents (97 females) were included. Cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) was determined by the 20-m shuttle run test, and muscular fitness (MF) was determined by hand grip and standing long jump tests. Height and weight were measured, and the body mass index (Kg/m2) was calculated. Triceps and subscapular skinfolds were assessed to compute body fat percentage. Met4 was computed from systolic blood pressure, triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and glucose levels. Relative CRF was longitudinally and negatively associated with Met4 in female children (β = -0.031, p = 0.025), while absolute CRF was positively associated with Met4 in male children and adolescents (β = 0.000, p < 0.05). Relative upper and lower-body MF were longitudinally and negatively associated with Met4 in female adolescents (β = -1.347, β = -0.005, p < 0.05), while absolute lower-body MF was positively associated with Met4 in male children (β = 0.000, p = 0.019). BC was longitudinally and positively associated with Met4 in male children (β-ranging from 0.011 to 0.055, all p < 0.05) and male adolescents (β-ranging from 0.011 to 0.046, all p < 0.05). Conclusion: BC is more strongly associated with Met4 than PF in children and adolescents. An optimal body weight status should be considered the main objective of health-promoting programs at childhood and adolescence. Furthermore, the way of expressing the fitness variables determines the direction of the association with Met4. What is Known: • Physical fitness is an important health indicator in children and adolescents, with great amount of previous evidence supporting the preventive role of maintaining optimal levels of both cardiorespiratory and muscular fitness for future cardiometabolic issues. What is New: • The way of reporting physical fitness variables can affect the associations between physical fitness features and cardiometabolic outcomes. Since body composition variables have a great impact on both physical fitness and cardiometabolic health, relativizing physical fitness performance by body composition could lead to erroneous conclusions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Sánchez-Delgado
- grid.7759.c0000000103580096GALENO Research Group, Department of Physical Education, Faculty of Education Sciences, University of Cadiz, 11519 Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain
| | - Alejandro Pérez-Bey
- GALENO Research Group, Department of Physical Education, Faculty of Education Sciences, University of Cadiz, 11519, Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain. .,Instituto de Investigación e Innovación Biomédica de Cádiz (INiBICA), Cádiz, Spain.
| | - Rocío Izquierdo-Gómez
- grid.7759.c0000000103580096GALENO Research Group, Department of Physical Education, Faculty of Education Sciences, University of Cadiz, 11519 Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain ,grid.512013.4Instituto de Investigación e Innovación Biomédica de Cádiz (INiBICA), Cádiz, Spain
| | - José Jimenez-Iglesias
- grid.7759.c0000000103580096GALENO Research Group, Department of Physical Education, Faculty of Education Sciences, University of Cadiz, 11519 Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain ,grid.512013.4Instituto de Investigación e Innovación Biomédica de Cádiz (INiBICA), Cádiz, Spain
| | - Ascensión Marcos
- grid.4711.30000 0001 2183 4846Department of Metabolism and Nutrition (DMN) , Institute of Food Science and Technology and Nutrition (ICTAN), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Madrid, 28040 Spain
| | - Sonia Gómez-Martínez
- grid.4711.30000 0001 2183 4846Department of Metabolism and Nutrition (DMN) , Institute of Food Science and Technology and Nutrition (ICTAN), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Madrid, 28040 Spain
| | - María José Girela-Rejón
- grid.4489.10000000121678994Physical Activity for HEaLth Promotion research group (PA-HELP), Faculty of Education Sciences, Department of Didactic of Corporal Expression, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Oscar L Veiga
- grid.5515.40000000119578126EstiLIFE Research Group, Department of Physical Education, Sports and Human Movement, Autonomous University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - José Castro-Piñero
- grid.7759.c0000000103580096GALENO Research Group, Department of Physical Education, Faculty of Education Sciences, University of Cadiz, 11519 Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain ,grid.512013.4Instituto de Investigación e Innovación Biomédica de Cádiz (INiBICA), Cádiz, Spain
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Xie S, Zhou Y, Yin Y, Shao R, Fang L, Shao W. Effects of fundamental movement skills on health-related quality of life in Chinese school-age children: the mediating role of physical fitness level. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1023662. [PMID: 37206866 PMCID: PMC10188959 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1023662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The primary purpose of this study is to analyze the relationship between school-age children's fundamental movement skills (FMS), physical fitness levels, and the health-related quality of life (HRQoL); To explore the mediating role of physical fitness levels between school-age children's FMS and HRQoL. Methods In the cross-sectional survey in 2021, 334 school-age children aged 6-10 (8.20 ± 1.16) were recruited from primary schools in Jinhua City, Zhejiang Province, China. Test of Gross Motor Development 2 (TGMD-2), National Standards for Students' Physical Health, and Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory TM Version 4.0 (PedsQL™ 4.0) were used to investigate the FMS, physical fitness level, and HRQoL of school-age children. Hierarchical regression was used to analyze the relationship among FMS, physical fitness levels, and HRQoL. Bootstrap is used to evaluate the mediating role of physical fitness levels in the relationship between FMS and HRQoL. Results The higher the FMS and physical fitness, the higher the school-age children's HRQoL, physical functioning, social functioning, and school functioning (r = 0.244-0.301, p < 0.01). In addition, developing children's FMS promotes physical fitness levels (r = 0.358, p < 0.01). The regression analysis results of controlling gender, age, and body mass index z (BMI-z) scores showed that FMS significantly positively predicted the physical functioning (β = 0.319, p < 0.01), social functioning (β = 0.425, p < 0.01), and school functioning (β = 0.333, p < 0.01) of school-age children. When the physical fitness level enters the regression equation, the absolute value of the regression coefficient of FMS decreases. However, it can still significantly predict the physical functioning (β = 0.211, p < 0.01) and school functioning (β = 0.142, p < 0.05) of school-age children. Simple intermediary analysis shows that physical fitness level plays an intermediary role between FMS, physical functioning (indirect effect = 0.089 [95% Confidence interval (CI) = 0.015,0.195]), and school functioning (indirect effect = 0.065 [95% CI = 0.007,0.150]). Conclusion This study shows that physical fitness levels mediate the relationship between FMS and HRQoL. Encouraging the development of FMS and promoting physical fitness levels of school-age children can effectively improve the HRQoL of school-age children.
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Leibinger E, Åvitsland A, Resaland GK, Solberg RB, Kolle E, Dyrstad SM. Relationship between health-related quality of life and physical fitness in Norwegian adolescents. Qual Life Res 2022; 32:1133-1141. [PMID: 36527570 DOI: 10.1007/s11136-022-03309-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
AIMS This cross-sectional study investigated the association between health-related quality of life (HRQoL), cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and muscular fitness in 14-year-old adolescents. METHODS Norwegian adolescents (N = 1985) carried out a 10-min running test to assess cardiorespiratory fitness and three different muscular fitness tests (handgrip, sit-ups, and standing broad jump) and answered the KIDSCREEN-27 questionnaire to provide HRQoL data. Linear-mixed effect models were applied to detect relationships among the variables. RESULTS Running-test results were positively associated with higher scores in the following KIDSCREEN domains: physical well-being, psychological well-being, autonomy and parent relationships, and school environment (β = 0.01-0.04; p < .01 for all). Performance in sit-ups test was positively associated with higher scores in three out of five KIDSCREEN domains: physical well-being (β = 0.31; p < .001), social support and peers (β = 0.16; p = .023), and school environment scores (β = 0.19; p = .006). An inverse association was found between the handgrip test results and the score on psychological well-being domain (β = - 0.10; p = .013). CONCLUSIONS The associations between HRQoL and physical fitness were trivial (abdominal strength and handgrip strength) to small (CRF) but confirmed that earlier findings from children also are applied to adolescents. Explosive strength in the lower body showed no association with HRQoL. Further research should investigate the direction of causality. TRIAL REGISTRATION Clinicaltrials.gov ID nr: NCT03817047. Registered 01/25/2019 'retrospectively registered'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Leibinger
- Department of Education and Sport Sciences, University of Stavanger, 4036, Stavanger, Norway.
| | - Andreas Åvitsland
- Department of Education and Sport Sciences, University of Stavanger, 4036, Stavanger, Norway
| | - Geir Kåre Resaland
- Centre for Physically Active Learning, Faculty of Education, Arts and Sports, Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Sogndal, Norway
| | - Runar B Solberg
- Department of Sports Medicine, Norwegian School of Sports Sciences, 0806, Oslo, Norway
- Centre for Epidemic Interventions Research, Norwegian Institute for Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Elin Kolle
- Department of Sports Medicine, Norwegian School of Sports Sciences, 0806, Oslo, Norway
| | - Sindre M Dyrstad
- Department of Education and Sport Sciences, University of Stavanger, 4036, Stavanger, Norway
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Kidokoro T, Tomkinson GR, Noi S, Suzuki K. Japanese physical fitness surveillance: a greater need for international publications that utilize the world’s best physical fitness database. THE JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL FITNESS AND SPORTS MEDICINE 2022. [DOI: 10.7600/jpfsm.11.161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuhiro Kidokoro
- Research Institute for Health and Sport Science, Nippon Sport Science University
| | - Grant R. Tomkinson
- Alliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition and Activity (ARENA), Allied Health and Human Performance, University of South Australia
| | - Shingo Noi
- Research Institute for Health and Sport Science, Nippon Sport Science University
| | - Koya Suzuki
- Graduate School of Health and Sports Science, Juntendo University
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8
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Basterfield L, Burn NL, Galna B, Batten H, Goffe L, Karoblyte G, Lawn M, Weston KL. Changes in children's physical fitness, BMI and health-related quality of life after the first 2020 COVID-19 lockdown in England: A longitudinal study. J Sports Sci 2022; 40:1088-1096. [PMID: 35262450 DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2022.2047504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
We aimed to assess one-year changes in physical fitness, health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and body mass index (BMI), encompassing the 2020 COVID-19 UK lockdowns. Data were collected (October 2019, November 2020) from 178 8-10-year-olds in Newcastle-upon-Tyne, England, 85% from England's most deprived quintile. Twenty-metre shuttle run test performance (20mSRT), handgrip strength (HGS), standing broad jump (SBJ), sit-and-reach, height, body mass, HRQoL (Kidscreen-27 questionnaire) and sports club participation were measured. BMI z-scores and overweight/obesity were calculated (≥85th centile). Paired t-tests and linear regression assessed change, adjusting for baseline BMI. Significant (p<0.001) changes were observed: increases in mean BMI (+1.5kg·m-2), overweight/obesity (33% to 47%), SBJ (+6.8cm) and HGS (+1.5kg); decreases in 20mSRT performance (-3 shuttles), sit-and-reach (-1.8cm). More children at follow-up were categorized "very low" for 20mSRT performance (35% baseline v 51%). Increased BMI z-score was associated with decreased "Physical Wellbeing" HRQoL. Follow-up sports club participation was associated with better 20mSRT performance (p=0.032), and "Autonomy & Parents" (p=0.011), "Social Support & Peers" (p=0.038) HRQoL. Children's 20mSRT performance and BMI changed adversely over one year; national lockdowns potentially made negative contributions. Physical fitness, physical activity and sports programmes should be part of children's physical and mental recovery from the pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Basterfield
- Human Nutrition Research Centre, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.,Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Naomi L Burn
- UniSA Onlin, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Brook Galna
- Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.,Health Futures Institute, Murdoch University, Perth, Australia
| | - Hannah Batten
- Human Nutrition Research Centre, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Louis Goffe
- Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Guoda Karoblyte
- Human Nutrition Research Centre, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Matt Lawn
- Walkergate Community School, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Kathryn L Weston
- School of Applied Sciences, Edinburgh Napier University, Edinburgh, UK
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9
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Basterfield L, Burn NL, Galna B, Karoblyte G, Weston KL. The association between physical fitness, sports club participation and body mass index on health-related quality of life in primary school children from a socioeconomically deprived area of England. Prev Med Rep 2022; 24:101557. [PMID: 34976625 PMCID: PMC8683957 DOI: 10.1016/j.pmedr.2021.101557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Revised: 08/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
We examined associations between physical fitness components, body mass index (BMI) and sports club participation on health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in 8- to 11-year-old children from a socioeconomically deprived region of England. From May-October 2019, 432 children completed the HRQoL questionnaire Kidscreen-27 and Leisure Time Physical Activity Survey, and a physical fitness testing battery of 20 m shuttle run test (20mSRT), handgrip strength (Handgrip), standing broad jump (Broad Jump), and sit-and-reach. Height, body mass, BMI and somatic maturity data were collected. Comparisons with reference populations were undertaken using a quintile framework. Linear and quantile regression assessed associations between physical fitness components and HRQoL variables. Using English Indices of Multiple Deprivation, 90% of children were from the most deprived quintile and 39% were overweight or obese. More children scored poorly on the Physical Wellbeing (40%) and Psychological Wellbeing (45%) HRQoL domains than the reference population (31%). Physical fitness scores were generally classed as 'low'-'very low' (42-58%). 20mSRT and Broad Jump performance explained an additional 10.7% of variance in Physical Wellbeing after adjusting for BMI z-score, sex and age (total R2 21.2%). Quantile regression identified a subset of children who rated Physical Wellbeing as high regardless of 20mSRT performance. Sports club participation was associated with better 20mSRT and Broad Jump performance, and all domains of HRQoL. Our data indicate that some physical fitness components and sports club participation are positively associated with HRQoL of children from socioeconomically deprived areas, irrespective of BMI z-score. Interventions to improve HRQoL should consider both aspects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Basterfield
- Human Nutrition Research Centre and Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, Medical School, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Naomi L Burn
- School of Health and Life Sciences, Teesside University, Constantine Building, Middlesbrough TS1 3BA, UK
| | - Brook Galna
- Health Futures Institute, Murdoch University, Perth, Australia.,Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Guoda Karoblyte
- Human Nutrition Research Centre and Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, Medical School, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Kathryn L Weston
- School of Applied Sciences, Edinburgh Napier University, Sighthill Campus, Edinburgh EH11 4BN, UK
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Petrovics P, Nagy A, Sandor B, Palfi A, Szekeres Z, Toth K, Szabados E. Examination of Self-Esteem, Body Image, Eating Attitudes and Cardiorespiratory Performance in Adolescents. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph182413172. [PMID: 34948781 PMCID: PMC8701836 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182413172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Revised: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Self-esteem, body image and eating attitudes are important characteristics regarding adolescent mental health. In our present work, we aimed to investigate these psychological items in adolescent boys and girls examining gender differences and correlations with the BMI-for-age and cardiorespiratory performance. 374 students (209 girls with an average age of 16.4 ± 1.08 years, and 165 boys with an average age of 16.5 ± 1.03 years) underwent investigation using the Rosenberg self-esteem scale, EAT-26 and BAT questionnaires. The BMI-for-age was calculated with BMI growth charts and the cardiorespiratory performance was measured with the 20 m shuttle run test. Our results showed that adolescent girls scored lower self-esteem and higher values for BAT and each scale of eating behaviors, such as uncontrolled eating, cognitive restraints and emotional eating compared to boys despite the fact, that obesity and overweight were more common among boys. No significant correlation was found between BMI and psychological test results in either boys or girls, however, subjective body shape and gender predicted self-esteem and BAT scores and the cognitive restraints in the eating attitudes. Uncontrolled and emotional eating were primarily influenced by gender, in which BMI played only a weaker role. Cardiorespiratory performance was positively associated with self-esteem and body image among boys, and it had a negative correlation regarding BMI in both genders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Petrovics
- Institute of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, University of Pecs, H-7624 Pecs, Hungary;
| | - Alexandra Nagy
- State Hospital for Cardiology, H-8230 Balatonfüred, Hungary;
| | - Barbara Sandor
- Division of Preventive Cardiology and Rehabilitation, 1st Department of Medicine, Medical School, University of Pecs, H-7623 Pecs, Hungary; (B.S.); (A.P.); (Z.S.)
| | - Anita Palfi
- Division of Preventive Cardiology and Rehabilitation, 1st Department of Medicine, Medical School, University of Pecs, H-7623 Pecs, Hungary; (B.S.); (A.P.); (Z.S.)
| | - Zsolt Szekeres
- Division of Preventive Cardiology and Rehabilitation, 1st Department of Medicine, Medical School, University of Pecs, H-7623 Pecs, Hungary; (B.S.); (A.P.); (Z.S.)
| | - Kalman Toth
- Division of Cardiology, 1st Department of Medicine, Medical School, University of Pecs, H-7624 Pecs, Hungary;
| | - Eszter Szabados
- Division of Preventive Cardiology and Rehabilitation, 1st Department of Medicine, Medical School, University of Pecs, H-7623 Pecs, Hungary; (B.S.); (A.P.); (Z.S.)
- Correspondence:
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11
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Normative data for handgrip strength in Serbian children measured with a bulb dynamometer. J Hand Ther 2021; 34:479-487. [PMID: 32571599 DOI: 10.1016/j.jht.2020.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2019] [Revised: 10/15/2019] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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12
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Martínez-Vizcaíno V, Garrido-Miguel M, Redondo-Tébar A, Notario-Pacheco B, Rodríguez-Martín B, Sánchez-López M. The "Fat but Fit" Paradigm from a Children's Health-Related Quality of Life Perspective. Child Obes 2021; 17:449-456. [PMID: 34009010 DOI: 10.1089/chi.2021.0041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Background: The fat but fit paradigm originally argues that the detrimental influence of obesity on cardiovascular risk and mortality could be counterbalanced by normal to high cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) levels. The aim of the study was to determine whether there is a relationship between categories of the fat but fit conceptual model and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in children. Materials and Methods: Cross-sectional cluster analyses of the MOVI-daFit! baseline data were conducted in 507 children aged 9 to 11 years in Cuenca, Spain. BMI, body fat percentage, VO2 max estimate, and HRQoL (measured by the KIDSCREEN questionnaire) were assessed. Results: The cluster analysis of BMI/body fat percentage and VO2 max estimate z-scores resulted in a four-cluster solution that fit the four categories included in the fat but fit paradigm: fat unfit (FU), unfat unfit (UU), fat but fit (FF), and unfat fit (UF). Analysis of variance (ANOVA) models showed the expected mean trends by cluster category: an increasing trend (FU<UU<FF<UF) in terms of VO2 max estimate and, conversely, a decreasing trend (FU>FF>UU>UF) in terms of adiposity (p < 0.05). These models also indicated, in the whole sample, that schoolchildren in the FF and UF clusters scored higher on physical well-being, psychological well-being, and total HRQoL scores than their peers in the FU and UU clusters (p < 0.05). The results were similar regardless of gender and whether BMI or body fat percentage was used for clustering. Conclusions: This study reinforces the fat but fit paradigm with respect to a previously unexplored outcome, HRQoL, by indicating that CRF may be mediating in the relationship between obesity and HRQoL. Clinical Trial Registration number: NCT03236337.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vicente Martínez-Vizcaíno
- Social and Health Care Research Center, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Cuenca, Spain.,Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Providencia Talca, Chile
| | - Miriam Garrido-Miguel
- Social and Health Care Research Center, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Cuenca, Spain.,Faculty of Nursing, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Albacete, Spain
| | - Andrés Redondo-Tébar
- Social and Health Care Research Center, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Cuenca, Spain
| | - Blanca Notario-Pacheco
- Social and Health Care Research Center, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Cuenca, Spain
| | - Beatriz Rodríguez-Martín
- Social and Health Care Research Center, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Cuenca, Spain.,Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Talavera de la Reina, Spain
| | - Mairena Sánchez-López
- Social and Health Care Research Center, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Cuenca, Spain.,Faculty of Education, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Ciudad Real, Spain
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13
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Health-Related Quality of Life and Frequency of Physical Activity in Spanish Students Aged 8-14. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18179418. [PMID: 34502002 PMCID: PMC8430964 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18179418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The study of health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in children and adolescents has important implications in terms of policy, education, and health. Data on the time spent in physical activity (PA) and in sedentary activities in this population are worrying. We aim to analyze possible differences in HRQoL and PA levels between sexes and age groups in Spanish students aged between 8 and 14 years, as well as to assess the relationship between HRQoL and the frequency of PA in this population. A total of 3197 participants (1610 boys and 1587 girls) from 8 to 14 years old were recruited. Mquality and Mapping Child Health Utility instrument (Chu9d) were used as HRQoL indicators. A medium positive association between PA and HRQoL concerning the Spanish school population was found. HRQoL was higher among students aged 8 to 12 than 13 to 14. Moreover, when children start secondary education, both sexes seem to lose the quality of life. Similarly, PA decreases among girls over the years, although it seems to increase among boys. Thus, PA levels and HRQoL are directly associated in Spanish schoolchildren aged between 8 and 14 years. However, this HRQoL decreases in children over the years. Practical implications include the need to support education and physical activity programs to improve HRQoL in children and adolescents.
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14
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Fan C, Sun R, Nie M, Wang M, Yao Z, Feng Q, Xu W, Yuan R, Gao Z, Cheng Q, Wang J. The Cardiorespiratory fitness of children and adolescents in Tibet at altitudes over 3,500 meters. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0256258. [PMID: 34411164 PMCID: PMC8375997 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0256258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) is the core element of health-related physical fitness evaluation. High pressure and low oxygen in Tibet (over 3,500 m above sea level) may negatively impact the residents' CRF. The 20-m shuttle run test (20mSRT) is the most popular field-based assessment and estimate of CRF in children and adolescents worldwide. However, normative CRF data for the children and adolescents residing in China's plateau region are unavailable, which prevents comparability among those living at high-altitudes around the world. PURPOSE To measure the CRF of Chinese children and adolescents aged 9-18 years living in Tibet at altitudes exceeding 3,500 m, and to identify correlations between this metric and demographic characteristics (age, sex, and ethnicity). These data were then compared with those generated in the lowland (Shanghai, China) and various global regions. METHODS 20mSRT performance (number of completed laps) and predicted peak oxygen consumption (VO2peak) were used as indicators of CRF. We measured the CRF of 1,717 healthy children and adolescents aged 9-18 years living in Tibet. The CRF data from school-age subjects in Shanghai (2,437 boys and 2,396 girls) and worldwide (1,142,026 students from 50 countries/regions in Africa, Asia, Europe, Latin America, North America, and Oceania) were collated from published papers. RESULTS The average CRF of the participants from Tibet was 39.8 mL/kg/min. The male subjects (n = 876; 41.1 ± 4.42 mL/kg/min) had a higher average CRF than their female counterparts (n = 841; 37.8 ± 5.40 mL/kg/min). CRF decreased with age in both sexes at statistical significance (F = 1249.9, p for trend 0.05). The indigenous Tibetans (n = 1289; 40.1 ± 3.71 mL/kg/min) had a significant higher average CRF than those of Han descent (n = 394; 38.9 ± 4.70 mL/kg/min) (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Children and adolescents aged 7-18 years residing above 3,500 m in Tibet displayed lower CRF traits compared with their counterparts from the plains area and other high altitude places. CRF varied according to age, sex, and ethnic group. Given the importance of CRF in children and adolescents, effective intervention strategies should be implemented to improve CRF in children and adolescents on the plateau.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaoqun Fan
- National Physical Fitness Research Center, China Institute of Sport Science, Dongcheng, Beijing, China
| | - Ruizhe Sun
- Physical Fitness Research Center, Tibet Institute of Sport Science, Lhasa, Tibet, China
| | - Mingjian Nie
- National Physical Fitness Research Center, China Institute of Sport Science, Dongcheng, Beijing, China
- Beijing Sport University, Haidian, Beijing, China
| | - Mei Wang
- National Physical Fitness Research Center, China Institute of Sport Science, Dongcheng, Beijing, China
| | - Zhi Yao
- Physical Fitness Research Center, Tibet Institute of Sport Science, Lhasa, Tibet, China
| | - Qiang Feng
- National Physical Fitness Research Center, China Institute of Sport Science, Dongcheng, Beijing, China
| | - Wenfeng Xu
- National Physical Fitness Research Center, China Institute of Sport Science, Dongcheng, Beijing, China
| | - Runzi Yuan
- College of Physical Education, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, Shangdong Province, China
| | - Zhongfang Gao
- College of Physical Education, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, Shangdong Province, China
| | - Qiaorui Cheng
- National Physical Fitness Research Center, China Institute of Sport Science, Dongcheng, Beijing, China
| | - Jingjing Wang
- National Physical Fitness Research Center, China Institute of Sport Science, Dongcheng, Beijing, China
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15
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Cadenas-Sanchez C, Mena-Molina A, Torres-Lopez LV, Migueles JH, Rodriguez-Ayllon M, Lubans DR, Ortega FB. Healthier Minds in Fitter Bodies: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of the Association between Physical Fitness and Mental Health in Youth. Sports Med 2021; 51:2571-2605. [PMID: 34313979 DOI: 10.1007/s40279-021-01520-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Physical fitness is an important marker of current and future health status, yet the association between physical fitness and indicators of mental health in youth has not been systematically reviewed and meta-analyzed. OBJECTIVE The aim of this work was to systematically review and meta-analyze the association between physical fitness components (i.e. cardiorespiratory fitness, muscular fitness, speed-agility, flexibility and fitness composite) and mental health indicators (i.e. psychological well-being and psychological ill-being) in preschoolers, children and adolescents. DESIGN Systematic review and meta-analysis. DATA SOURCES Systematic searches were conducted in PubMed, Web of Science and Scopus from database inception to May 2020. ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA Studies (cross-sectional, longitudinal and intervention designs) were included if they measured at least one physical fitness component and one mental health indicator in healthy youth (2-18 years). RESULTS A total of 58 unique studies (52 cross-sectional, 4 longitudinal and 4 intervention studies) met all eligibility criteria and were included. There was a significant positive overall association between physical fitness and mental health in children and adolescents (pooled r = 0.206, p < 0.001). We found suggestive evidence of moderation by age group, fitness components and socioeconomic status (all p < 0.08). No relevant studies focusing on preschoolers were identified. Evidence based on longitudinal and intervention studies was limited. CONCLUSION We observed a small to medium sized positive association between physical fitness and overall mental health in youth. However, as the majority of studies were cross-sectional, additional longitudinal and intervention studies are needed to provide evidence of causation. TRIAL REGISTRATION PROSPERO registration number CRD42017080005.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Cadenas-Sanchez
- Institute for Innovation & Sustainable Development in Food Chain (IS-FOOD), Department of Health Sciences, Public University of Navarre, Pamplona, Spain.
- PROFITH 'PROmoting FITness and Health Through Physical Activity' Research Group, Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain.
| | - Alejandra Mena-Molina
- PROFITH 'PROmoting FITness and Health Through Physical Activity' Research Group, Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Lucia V Torres-Lopez
- PROFITH 'PROmoting FITness and Health Through Physical Activity' Research Group, Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Jairo H Migueles
- PROFITH 'PROmoting FITness and Health Through Physical Activity' Research Group, Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - María Rodriguez-Ayllon
- PROFITH 'PROmoting FITness and Health Through Physical Activity' Research Group, Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - David R Lubans
- Priority Research Centre for Physical Activity and Nutrition, College of Human and Social Futures, University of Newcastle, Callaghan Campus, Newcastle, Australia
| | - Francisco B Ortega
- PROFITH 'PROmoting FITness and Health Through Physical Activity' Research Group, Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
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16
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Drenowatz C, Ferrari G, Greier K. Changes in Physical Fitness during Summer Months and the School Year in Austrian Elementary School Children-A 4-Year Longitudinal Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18136920. [PMID: 34203280 PMCID: PMC8296944 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18136920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Revised: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Even though physical fitness is an important component in children's health and well-being, there has been a decline in physical fitness over the last several decades. The present study examined potential differences in the development of physical fitness during the academic year and summer vacation in Austrian elementary-school children. A total of 214 children (52.3% boys) completed the German motor test in the fall (after summer vacation) and spring (prior to summer vacation) of every grade throughout their elementary school years. This resulted in eight assessments of cardio-respiratory endurance, muscular fitness, flexibility, speed, agility, and balance over a 4-year period. As expected, physical fitness increased with age but the improvement in cardio-respiratory endurance and muscular fitness was more pronounced during summer vacation (p < 0.01), while the improvement in speed was more pronounced during the academic year (p < 0.01). These results indicate an influence of weather conditions on health-enhancing physical activity in addition to structural and social support. Particularly in geographical regions with cold winters and shorter days, health-enhancing physical activity may be limited. Accordingly, schools need to provide additional opportunities to ensure an adequate amount of physical activity that stimulates the development of physical fitness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clemens Drenowatz
- Division of Sport, Physical Activity and Health, University of Education Upper Austria, 4020 Linz, Austria
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +43-732-7470-7426
| | - Gerson Ferrari
- Escuela de Ciencias de la Actividad Física, el Deporte y la Salud, Universidad de Santiago de Chile (USACH), Santiago 7500618, Chile;
| | - Klaus Greier
- Division of Physical Education, Private Educational College (KPH-ES), 6422 Stams, Austria;
- Department of Sports Science, Leopold-Franzens University Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
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17
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Bermejo-Cantarero A, Álvarez-Bueno C, Martínez-Vizcaino V, Redondo-Tébar A, Pozuelo-Carrascosa DP, Sánchez-López M. Relationship between both cardiorespiratory and muscular fitness and health-related quality of life in children and adolescents: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies. Health Qual Life Outcomes 2021; 19:127. [PMID: 33882937 PMCID: PMC8059195 DOI: 10.1186/s12955-021-01766-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background No review to date has evaluated the association between physical fitness and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in healthy children and adolescents. The aims of this systematic review and meta-analysis were to examine the relationship between both cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and muscular fitness (MF) and HRQoL in healthy subjects under 18 years of age and to describe the dimensions of HRQoL in which these relationships are more robust. Methods The Medline, Embase, Cochrane Library, SCIELO, SPORTDiscus and PEDro databases were systematically searched to collect observational studies that examined the relationship between CRF and HRQoL and between MF and HRQoL in participants under 18 years of age without any diagnosed medical condition. Pooled effect sizes (ES) were estimated for the associations between both CRF and MF and the various HRQoL dimensions. Results The pooled ES (95% CI) estimates for the relationship between CRF and HRQoL were as follows: 0.19 (0.10 to 0.27) for physical well-being, 0.19 (0.07 to 0.32) for psychological well-being, 0.20 (− 0.14 to 0.55) for perceived health status, 0.10 (0.00 to 0.20) for self-perception/self-esteem, 0.07 (− 0.05 to 0.19) for quality of family relationship, 0.14 (0.04 to 0.25) for quality of peer relationship, 0.17 (0.04 to 0.29) for everyday functioning at school and 0.20 (0.12 to 0.28) for total HRQoL score. The pooled ES (95% CI) estimates for the relationship between MF and HRQoL were: 0.25 (0.12 to 0.37) for physical well-being, 0.11 (0.04 to 0.17) for psychological well-being, 0.08 (0.01 to 0.15) for quality of family relationship, 0.14 (0.03 to 0.25) for quality of peer relationship, and 0.09 (0.03 to 0.14) for total HRQoL score. Conclusions Our data suggest that both CRF and MF are positively associated with HRQoL, mainly in physical, psychological and peer relationships. Moreover, CRF is positively associated with school dimensions and MF is positively associated with family relationships. Trail registration Protocol PROSPERO registration number: CRD42015025823. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12955-021-01766-0.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Bermejo-Cantarero
- Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Health and Social Research Center, Cuenca, Castilla-La Mancha, Spain
| | - Celia Álvarez-Bueno
- Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Health and Social Research Center, Cuenca, Castilla-La Mancha, Spain. .,Universidad Politécnica y Artística del Paraguay, Asunción, Paraguay.
| | - Vicente Martínez-Vizcaino
- Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Health and Social Research Center, Cuenca, Castilla-La Mancha, Spain.,Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Talca, Chile
| | - Andrés Redondo-Tébar
- Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Health and Social Research Center, Cuenca, Castilla-La Mancha, Spain
| | | | - Mairena Sánchez-López
- Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Health and Social Research Center, Cuenca, Castilla-La Mancha, Spain.,Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, School of Education, Ciudad Real, Castilla-La Mancha, Spain
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18
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Saucedo-Araujo RG, Huertas-Delgado FJ, Villa-González E, Ávila-García M, Gálvez-Fernández P, Tercedor P. Is children's health-related quality of life associated with physical fitness and mode of commuting? PREVIENE Project. Perspect Public Health 2021; 141:102-110. [PMID: 33733950 DOI: 10.1177/1757913921992405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
AIM The aims of this study were (1) to examine the associations between self-reported health-related quality of life (HRQoL), health-related physical fitness (cardiorespiratory fitness, muscular strength, and speed-agility), and mode of commuting to and from school in Spanish children, and separately by gender and (2) to analyse the difference in cardiorespiratory fitness by mode of commuting to and from school by gender. METHODS We conducted a cross-sectional analysis that included 415 children aged 8.47 ± 0.36 years from 14 schools in Granada, Spain. The HRQoL outcome was assessed using the valid and reliable KINDL-R questionnaire, which covers six life dimensions, children's physical fitness was assessed using the ALPHA fitness test battery, and while commuting to and from school was assessed using the valid, reliable, and feasible 'Mode and Frequency of Commuting To and From School Questionnaire'. RESULTS Cardiorespiratory fitness was positively correlated with all dimensions of HRQoL in boys, whereas higher muscular strength (standing long jump) was positively correlated with the emotional wellbeing dimension in girls. In addition, boys who actively commute to school (walking) presented better cardiorespiratory fitness. Moreover, children who actively commuted to school (walking) presented better scores for the emotional wellbeing, family, and school dimensions, as well as total scores (both, p < .05) of HRQoL. CONCLUSION In our study, HRQoL was positively correlated with cardiorespiratory fitness in boys (all dimensions), whereas muscular strength (standing long jump) was positively correlated with the emotional wellbeing dimension only in girls. Active commuting to and from school was associated with higher levels of cardiorespiratory fitness, school dimension, and KINDL-R total score. Improving cardiorespiratory fitness might be especially useful to improve HRQoL in children, and vice versa.
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Affiliation(s)
- R G Saucedo-Araujo
- PROFITH 'PROmoting FITness and Health through Physical Activity' Research Group, Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), Department of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, 18011 Granada, Spain
| | - F J Huertas-Delgado
- PA-HELP Physical Activity for Health Promotion Research Group, Department of Musical, Plastic and Body Expression Didactics, La Inmaculada, Teacher Training Centre, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - E Villa-González
- PROFITH PROmoting FITness and Health through Physical Activity Research Group, Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Education and Sport Sciences, University of Granada, 52005 Melilla, Spain
| | - M Ávila-García
- PA-HELP Physical Activity for Health Promotion Research Group, Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - P Gálvez-Fernández
- PROFITH 'PROmoting FITness and Health through Physical Activity' Research Group, Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), Department of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, 18011 Granada, Spain
| | - P Tercedor
- PA-HELP Physical Activity for Health Promotion Research Group, Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
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19
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Does Vigorous Physical Activity Contribute to Adolescent Life Satisfaction? INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18052236. [PMID: 33668269 PMCID: PMC7956582 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18052236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 01/23/2021] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Background: Physical and mental health are the basis of life satisfaction (LS), even during adolescence. The aim of this study was to identify the associations between LS and types of physical activity (PA) in Czech and Polish boys and girls. Methods: The research involved 933 girls and 663 boys aged 15–19 years. LS was diagnosed using the Bern Subjective Well-Being Questionnaire and the WHO-5 Well-Being Index. The International Physical Activity Questionnaire-long form (IPAQ-LF) questionnaire was used to identify the types of weekly PA. Results: Adolescents with the highest LS had more recreational, moderate, vigorous, and total weekly PA. The strongest associations between LS and PA were in the Czech and Polish boys and girls who participated in vigorous PA (VPA). The recommendations for VPA were fulfilled by 45% of Czech and 46% of Polish boys and 40% of Czech and 50% of Polish girls, with the highest LS. The most significant positive moderator between LS and PA was participation in organized PA. Boys with the highest LS were 1.94 times more likely to meet the weekly recommendation of VPA than boys with the lowest LS. Similarly, girls with the highest LS were 1.77 times more likely to meet these recommendations. Conclusions: Promoting both current subjective well-being and organized PA, with an emphasis on achieving the VPA recommendations, may support general LS and a healthy lifestyle in adolescents.
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20
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Gall S, Walter C, du Randt R, Adams L, Joubert N, Müller I, Nqweniso S, Pühse U, Seelig H, Smith D, Steinmann P, Utzinger J, Gerber M. Changes in Self-Reported Physical Activity Predict Health-Related Quality of Life Among South African Schoolchildren: Findings From the DASH Intervention Trial. Front Public Health 2020; 8:492618. [PMID: 33102419 PMCID: PMC7555690 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2020.492618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Regular physical activity is associated with multiple health benefits for children. Evidence from cross-sectional studies suggests that physical activity is positively associated with health-related quality of life (HRQoL). The promotion of physical activity, and hence HRQoL, through a school-based intervention is therefore an important endeavor, particularly in disadvantaged areas of low- and middle-income countries, including South Africa. Methods: We designed a multicomponent physical activity intervention that was implemented over a 20-week period in 2015 in eight disadvantaged primary schools of Port Elizabeth, South Africa. Overall, 758 children aged 8–13 years participated. HRQoL was measured with the 27-item KIDSCREEN questionnaire. Self-reported physical activity was assessed with a single item of the Health-Behavior of School-Aged Children test, and cardiorespiratory fitness with the 20-m shuttle run test. Post-intervention scores were predicted with mixed linear regression models, taking into consideration the clustered nature of the data. Results: Higher baseline levels as well as increasing levels of self-reported physical activity predicted all dimensions of children's HRQoL. Baseline levels and increases in cardiorespiratory fitness predicted children's self-perceived physical well-being (one of the HRQoL subscales). Participation in the multicomponent physical activity intervention did not affect children's HRQoL. Conclusion: Higher and increasing self-reported physical activity predict all assessed HRQoL dimensions, which underlines that the promotion of regular physical activity among children living in disadvantaged settings is an important public health measure. Policy makers should encourage schools to create physical activity friendly environments, while schools should implement regular physical education as proposed by the school curriculum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie Gall
- Department of Sport, Exercise and Health, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Cheryl Walter
- Department of Human Movement Science, Nelson Mandela University, Port Elizabeth, South Africa
| | - Rosa du Randt
- Department of Human Movement Science, Nelson Mandela University, Port Elizabeth, South Africa
| | - Larissa Adams
- Department of Human Movement Science, Nelson Mandela University, Port Elizabeth, South Africa
| | - Nandi Joubert
- Department of Human Movement Science, Nelson Mandela University, Port Elizabeth, South Africa.,Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland.,University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Ivan Müller
- Department of Sport, Exercise and Health, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.,Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Siphesihle Nqweniso
- Department of Human Movement Science, Nelson Mandela University, Port Elizabeth, South Africa
| | - Uwe Pühse
- Department of Sport, Exercise and Health, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Harald Seelig
- Department of Sport, Exercise and Health, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Danielle Smith
- Department of Human Movement Science, Nelson Mandela University, Port Elizabeth, South Africa
| | - Peter Steinmann
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland.,University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jürg Utzinger
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland.,University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Markus Gerber
- Department of Sport, Exercise and Health, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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21
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Evaluation of Gross Motor Coordination and Physical Fitness in Children: Comparison between Soccer and Multisport Activities. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17165902. [PMID: 32823890 PMCID: PMC7459711 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17165902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Revised: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The early detection and continuous monitoring of children’s motor competence levels and physical fitness is very important. The purpose of this study was to determine the differences in motor coordination of children enrolled in soccer and multisport activities. The participants of this study included 147 boys and girls (mean age 7.60 ± 0.85 years). The total sample of subjects was composed of two subgroups: children who were enrolled in organized exercise programs—multisports (n = 77), and children who were engaged in soccer training (n = 70). Motor coordination was evaluated with the Kiphard–Schilling body coordination test (KTK). Physical fitness was assessed with a 20 m shuttle run test, 4 × 10 m shuttle run test, standing long jump, and handgrip strength. The ANCOVA showed significant differences (p < 0.05) with large effect size between groups for tests hopping for height (d = 0.93), total motor quotient (d = 1.31), jumping sideways (d = 1.32), and moving sideways (d = 1.59), after adjusting for age and gender. There were no significant differences between groups in the physical fitness tests. It can be concluded that children enrolled in multisport activities have higher levels of motor coordination than children who are enrolled only in soccer. Therefore, multiple sport training programs should be considered and encouraged by parents, educators, and other training professionals.
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22
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Padilla-Moledo C, Fernández-Santos JDR, Izquierdo-Gómez R, Esteban-Cornejo I, Rio-Cozar P, Carbonell-Baeza A, Castro-Piñero J. Physical Fitness and Self-Rated Health in Children and Adolescents: Cross-Sectional and Longitudinal Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17072413. [PMID: 32252318 PMCID: PMC7177446 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17072413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Revised: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Self-rated health (SRH) is an independent determinant for all-cause mortality. We aimed to examine the independent and combined associations of components of physical fitness with SRH at baseline (cross-sectional) and two years later (longitudinal) in children and adolescents. Spanish youth (N = 1378) aged 8 to 17.9 years participated at baseline. The dropout rate at 2-year follow-up was 19.5% (n = 270). Participants were categorized as either children (8 to 11.9 years age) or adolescents (12 to 17.9 years age). The ALPHA health- related fitness test battery for youth was used to assess physical fitness, and SRH was measured by a single-item question. Cumulative link, ANOVA and ANCOVA models were fitted to analyze the data. Cardiorespiratory fitness, relative upper body isometric muscular strength, muscular strength score, and global physical fitness were positively associated with SRH in children (OR, 1.048; 95% CI, 1.020–1.076; OR, 18.921; 95% CI, 3.47–104.355; OR, 1.213; 95% CI, 1.117–1.319, and OR, 1.170; 95% CI, 1.081–1.266, respectively; all p < 0.001) and adolescents (OR, 1.057; 95% CI, 1.037–1.076; OR, 5.707; 95% CI, 1.122–29.205; OR, 1.169; 95% CI, 1.070–1.278, and OR, 1.154 95% CI, 1.100–1.210, respectively; all p < 0.001); and motor fitness was positively associated with SRH only in adolescents at baseline (OR, 1.192; 95% CI, 1.066–1.309; p < 0.01). Cardiorespiratory fitness and global physical fitness were positively associated with SRH in children two years later (OR, 1.056; 95% CI, 1.023–1.091; p < 0.001; and OR, 1.082; 95% CI, 1.031–1.136; p < 0.01; respectively). Only cardiorespiratory fitness was independently associated with SRH in children and adolescents at baseline (OR, 1.059; 95% CI, 1.029–1.090; and OR, 1.073; 95% CI, 1.050–1.097, respectively; both p < 0.001) and two years later (OR, 1.075; 95% CI, 1.040–1.112; p < 0.001; and OR, 1.043; 95% CI, 1.014–1.074; p < 0.01, respectively). A high level of cardiorespiratory fitness at baseline or maintaining high levels of cardiorespiratory fitness from the baseline to 2-year follow-up were associated with a higher level of SRH at 2-year follow-up in children (p < 0.01) and adolescents (p < 0.05). These findings emphasize the importance of cardiorespiratory fitness as strong predictor of present and future SRH in youth. Intervention programs to enhance cardiorespiratory fitness level of the youth population are urgently needed for present and future youth’s health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Padilla-Moledo
- GALENO research group, Department of Physical Education, Faculty of Education Sciences, University of Cadiz, 115010 Puerto Real, Spain (R.I.-G.); (P.R.-C.); (A.C.-B.); (J.C.-P.)
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Institute of Cádiz (INiBICA) Research Unit, 11008 Cádiz, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-956016222
| | - Jorge DR Fernández-Santos
- GALENO research group, Department of Physical Education, Faculty of Education Sciences, University of Cadiz, 115010 Puerto Real, Spain (R.I.-G.); (P.R.-C.); (A.C.-B.); (J.C.-P.)
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Institute of Cádiz (INiBICA) Research Unit, 11008 Cádiz, Spain
| | - Rocio Izquierdo-Gómez
- GALENO research group, Department of Physical Education, Faculty of Education Sciences, University of Cadiz, 115010 Puerto Real, Spain (R.I.-G.); (P.R.-C.); (A.C.-B.); (J.C.-P.)
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Institute of Cádiz (INiBICA) Research Unit, 11008 Cádiz, Spain
| | - Irene Esteban-Cornejo
- PROFITH “PROmoting FITness and Health through physical activity” research group, Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain;
- Center for Cognitive and Brain Health, Department of Psychology, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Paula Rio-Cozar
- GALENO research group, Department of Physical Education, Faculty of Education Sciences, University of Cadiz, 115010 Puerto Real, Spain (R.I.-G.); (P.R.-C.); (A.C.-B.); (J.C.-P.)
| | - Ana Carbonell-Baeza
- GALENO research group, Department of Physical Education, Faculty of Education Sciences, University of Cadiz, 115010 Puerto Real, Spain (R.I.-G.); (P.R.-C.); (A.C.-B.); (J.C.-P.)
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Institute of Cádiz (INiBICA) Research Unit, 11008 Cádiz, Spain
| | - Jose Castro-Piñero
- GALENO research group, Department of Physical Education, Faculty of Education Sciences, University of Cadiz, 115010 Puerto Real, Spain (R.I.-G.); (P.R.-C.); (A.C.-B.); (J.C.-P.)
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Institute of Cádiz (INiBICA) Research Unit, 11008 Cádiz, Spain
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23
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Fernández-Bustos JG, Pastor-Vicedo JC, González-Martí I, Cuevas-Campos R. Physical Fitness and Peer Relationships in Spanish Preadolescents. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17061890. [PMID: 32183282 PMCID: PMC7143475 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17061890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Revised: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Several studies have linked physical fitness (PF) with improvements in health, at a physiological and psychological level; however, there is little evidence of its relationship with health in the social field. Hence, the main aim of this study was to determine the existing relationship between PF and peer relations, as an indicator of social health in Spanish pre-teens. For that purpose, 642 participants aged 9 to 12 were chosen and given the high-priority Alpha Fitness battery in order to assess the PF, as well as the Classroom Social Experiences Query (CESC) to assess their social status. The results showed that those students with a better cardio-respiratory fitness obtained more nominations from their classmates in pro-sociality and positive status, and fewer in victimisation and negative status. Additionally, although to a lesser extent, muscular fitness was also related to a higher positive status and lower victimisation. The weight condition was also related to social behaviours, although the resulting data were differentiated by sex. While females with a standard weight stood out for their positive status, underweight males obtained worse results in positive status and fewer in negative status. These results all correspond with the aesthetic models imposed by society for females and males, respectively. These results show that PF is related to social health, which makes necessary the promotion of physical activity and the development of PF within the school environment, with attention to its relationship with the social health of the students.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Juan Carlos Pastor-Vicedo
- Faculty of Education, University of Castilla La Mancha, 02071 Albacete, Spain; (J.G.F.-B.); (I.G.-M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34967599200 (ext. 2562)
| | - Irene González-Martí
- Faculty of Education, University of Castilla La Mancha, 02071 Albacete, Spain; (J.G.F.-B.); (I.G.-M.)
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24
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Janssen A, Leahy AA, Diallo TMO, Smith JJ, Kennedy SG, Eather N, Mavilidi MF, Wagemakers A, Babic MJ, Lubans DR. Cardiorespiratory fitness, muscular fitness and mental health in older adolescents: A multi-level cross-sectional analysis. Prev Med 2020; 132:105985. [PMID: 31954836 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2020.105985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Revised: 01/07/2020] [Accepted: 01/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Physical activity interventions that promote cardiorespiratory (CRF) and muscular fitness (MF) may improve mental health in young adolescents. However, less is known about the links between fitness and mental health in older adolescents, as they are an understudied population. In addition, the association between MF and adolescents' mental health is less clear than it is for CRF. Our primary aim was to investigate whether MF is independently associated with mental health in a sample of older adolescents. Our secondary aim was to determine if the association between fitness and mental health was moderated by sex, socio-economic status (SES) or weight status. Participants were 670 students (16.0 [0.4] years, 44.6% female) from 20 secondary schools in New South Wales, Australia. Mental health (well-being and internalizing problems) was self-reported using the Short Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Wellbeing Scale and the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire. We assessed CRF using the Progressive Aerobic Cardiovascular Endurance Run and MF using the push-up and standing long jump tests. After controlling for CRF, MF was not associated with mental health. CRF was associated with well-being (β = 0.20, p < .001) and internalizing problems (β = -0.27, p < .001). The strength of association between CRF and mental health was stronger in girls, than boys. No interaction effects were observed for SES or weight status. Although cross-sectional, our findings provide further evidence of the potential benefits of CRF for adolescents' mental health (i.e., well-being and internalizing problems), particularly girls. However, MF may be less relevant for mental health among this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy Janssen
- Group Health and Society, Department of Social Sciences, Wageningen University & Research, the Netherlands
| | - Angus A Leahy
- Priority Research Centre in Physical Activity and Nutrition, School of Education, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Thierno M O Diallo
- School of Social Sciences and Psychology, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, Australia
| | - Jordan J Smith
- Priority Research Centre in Physical Activity and Nutrition, School of Education, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Sarah G Kennedy
- Priority Research Centre in Physical Activity and Nutrition, School of Education, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Narelle Eather
- Priority Research Centre in Physical Activity and Nutrition, School of Education, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Myrto F Mavilidi
- Priority Research Centre in Physical Activity and Nutrition, School of Education, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Annemarie Wagemakers
- Group Health and Society, Department of Social Sciences, Wageningen University & Research, the Netherlands
| | - Mark J Babic
- Priority Research Centre in Physical Activity and Nutrition, School of Education, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
| | - David R Lubans
- Priority Research Centre in Physical Activity and Nutrition, School of Education, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia.
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25
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Perez-Sousa MA, Olivares PR, Garcia-Hermoso A, Gusi N. Fitness as a Mediator of the Enhancement of Quality of Life after a 6-Months Exercise Program. RESEARCH QUARTERLY FOR EXERCISE AND SPORT 2020; 91:24-33. [PMID: 31609192 DOI: 10.1080/02701367.2019.1645939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2018] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Purpose: The study aimed to test whether improvement in fitness components, mediates the changes in Health-related Quality of Life (HRQoL) after exercise intervention in overweight and obese children. Methods and design: 170 obese and overweight children (121 exercise group and 49 control group) participated in a public exercise program based on sports practice for 6 months, 2 h per week. Anthropometry, physical fitness, and HRQoL were measured. Magnitude-based inferences and Cohen's effect size were performed to analyze the program effect. To know which physical fitness components mediated the improvement on children's HRQoL, multiple mediation analyses were performed. Results: the analysis showed a moderate effect on some fitness components and a moderate and small effect on HRQoL. The improvement of agility or cardiorespiratory fitness showed a significant indirect effect on the enhancements in some HRQoL dimensions. Conclusion: after a 6-months exercise program in overweight and obese children, all physical fitness components improved, being responsible for the improvement of the HRQoL, agility and cardiorespiratory fitness.
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26
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Moeijes J, van Busschbach JT, Bosscher RJ, Twisk JWR. Sports participation and health-related quality of life: a longitudinal observational study in children. Qual Life Res 2019; 28:2453-2469. [PMID: 31161332 PMCID: PMC6698265 DOI: 10.1007/s11136-019-02219-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE In this study, longitudinal associations between sports participation and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) were explored. Sports participation was operationalized as membership of a sports club, frequency of sports participation, performing individual versus team sports and performing indoor versus outdoor sports. The concept of HRQoL referred to the self-perceived enjoyment and satisfaction with one's personal health situation. METHODS Data from 618 fourth-grade primary school children were included at baseline; 10-13 months later, 417 children (response rate 67.5%) were retained. At both time points, children reported on sports participation (Move and Sports Monitor Questionnaire-youth aged 8-12 years) and health-related quality of life (KIDSCREEN-52). Because of the clustering of children in schools, data were analysed using linear mixed models. Analyses were adjusted for sex, age, BMI, household composition, SES and frequency of sports participation. RESULTS The questionnaires were fully completed by 417 children. High sports-active children showed better scores on almost all dimensions of HRQoL than moderate [difference (B) = - 1.82 (p = 0.05) to - 1.51 (p = 0.05)] or low ports-active children [difference (B) = - 3.67 (p < 0.001) to - 1.95 (p = 0.03)] and non-sports club members [difference (B) = - 5.58 (p < 0.001) to - 2.65 (p = 0.02)]. Unlike frequency, the other examined characteristics of sports participation were only to a limited extent longitudinal associated with HRQoL. CONCLUSION As frequency is more relevant than the form of sports participation, children should be encouraged to perform any kind of sports activity on a very regular base.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janet Moeijes
- Department of Human Movement and Education, Windesheim University of Applied Sciences, Campus 2-6, 8017 CA Zwolle, The Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Van der Boechorststraat 7, 1081 BT Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jooske T. van Busschbach
- Department of Human Movement and Education, Windesheim University of Applied Sciences, Campus 2-6, 8017 CA Zwolle, The Netherlands
- University Center for Psychiatry, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, P.O. Box 30001, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Ruud J. Bosscher
- Department of Human Movement and Education, Windesheim University of Applied Sciences, Campus 2-6, 8017 CA Zwolle, The Netherlands
| | - Jos W. R. Twisk
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Van der Boechorststraat 7, 1081 BT Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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27
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Weight Status, Physical Fitness, and Health-Related Quality of Life among Chinese Adolescents: A Cross-Sectional Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:ijerph16132271. [PMID: 31252581 PMCID: PMC6651867 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16132271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2019] [Revised: 06/24/2019] [Accepted: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The impact of physical fitness (PF) on adolescents' health-related quality of life (HRQOL) is an important health issue in China. The purpose of this study was to identify whether body mass index (BMI), cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF), and musculoskeletal fitness (MSF) influences HRQOL among Chinese adolescents. METHOD The participants were 10,007 students (boys = 5276, 14.14 years ± 1.79; girls = 4829, 14.22 years ± 1.81) who were randomly selected from 30 secondary schools in Shandong, China. BMI, CRF, MSF, and HRQOL were measured and analyzed using ANCOVA and multiple regression. RESULTS BMI and physical fitness variables were partially associated with HRQOL in Chinese adolescents. ANCOVA showed a significant difference among BMI categories in terms of physical sense (PS), living convenience, and self-satisfaction (SS) for boys, but this difference was only seen with social activity opportunity (SAO) for girls. Multiple regression found that BMI was significantly associated with SAO. For boys, CRF was associated with the teacher and student relationship and SS, whereas MSF was only associated with PS. For girls, CRF was significantly linked with the parent and children relationship, learning capacity, and attitudes and self-perception (S-P), while MSF was associated with S-P. CONCLUSION Enforcing physical activity and enhancing PF will be a crucial pathway in improving adolescents' HRQOL in China.
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28
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Williams CF, Bustamante EE, Waller JL, Davis CL. Exercise effects on quality of life, mood, and self-worth in overweight children: the SMART randomized controlled trial. Transl Behav Med 2019; 9:451-459. [PMID: 31094443 PMCID: PMC6520810 DOI: 10.1093/tbm/ibz015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Overweight children are at risk for poor quality of life (QOL), depression, self-worth, and behavior problems. Exercise trials with children have shown improved mood and self-worth. Few studies utilized an attention control condition, QOL outcomes, or a follow-up evaluation after the intervention ends. The purpose is to test effects of an exercise program versus sedentary program on psychological factors in overweight children. One hundred seventy-five overweight children (87% black, 61% female, age 9.7 ± 0.9 years, 73% obese) were randomized to an 8 month aerobic exercise or sedentary after-school program. Depressive symptoms, anger expression, self-worth, and QOL were measured at baseline and post-test. Depressive symptoms and QOL were also measured at follow-up. Intent-to-treat mixed models evaluated intervention effects, including sex differences. At post-test, QOL, depression, and self-worth improved; no group by time or sex by group by time interaction was detected for QOL or self-worth. Boys' depressive symptoms improved more and anger control decreased in the sedentary intervention relative to the exercise intervention at post-test. At follow-up, depressive symptoms in boys in the sedentary group decreased more than other groups. Exercise provided benefits to QOL, depressive symptoms, and self-worth comparable to a sedentary program. Sedentary programs with games and artistic activities, interaction with adults and peers, and behavioral structure may be more beneficial to boys' mood than exercise. Some benefits of exercise in prior studies are probably attributable to program elements such as attention from adults. Trial Registration: Clinicaltrials.gov, NCT02227095.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celestine F Williams
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Georgia Prevention Institute, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Eduardo E Bustamante
- Department of Kinesiology & Nutrition, College of Applied Health Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Jennifer L Waller
- Biostatistics & Data Science, Department of Population Health Sciences, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Catherine L Davis
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Georgia Prevention Institute, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
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29
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Silva N, Pereira M, Otto C, Ravens-Sieberer U, Canavarro MC, Bullinger M. Do 8- to 18-year-old children/adolescents with chronic physical health conditions have worse health-related quality of life than their healthy peers? a meta-analysis of studies using the KIDSCREEN questionnaires. Qual Life Res 2019; 28:1725-1750. [PMID: 31055778 DOI: 10.1007/s11136-019-02189-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/22/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This meta-analytic review aimed to estimate the magnitude of health-related quality of life (HrQoL) impairments, as assessed by the KIDSCREEN questionnaires, both self- and parent-reported, in 8- to 18-years-old children/adolescents with chronic health conditions. METHODS To identify studies using the KIDSCREEN questionnaires, three electronic databases (PubMed, PsycINFO, EBSCOhost Psychology & Behavioral Sciences) were searched. The final search (February 14-15, 2018) revealed 528 non-duplicated articles, of which 23 papers (21 studies) directly compared the HrQoL of pediatric patients to community/healthy controls and were included in the meta-analysis. Pooled mean differences (MD) with 95% CIs were estimated using the inverse-variance random-effects method. RESULTS Of the 21 studies, 16 used self-reports, one used parent-reports and four adopted a multi-informant approach. Self-reported data were retrieved from 20 studies (4852 cases/28,578 controls), and parent-reported data were retrieved from four studies (511 cases/433 controls). Pediatric patients presented significant HrQoL impairments in the domains of physical well-being (MD = - 4.84, 95% CI - 6.44/- 3.24 for self-reports; MD = - 6.86, 95% CI - 10.42/- 3.29 for parent-reports) and peers and social support (MD = - 1.29, 95% CI - 2.25/- 0.34 for self-reports; MD = - 3.90, 95% CI - 5.28/- 2.52 for parent-reports), compared to community/healthy peers. Between-studies heterogeneity was explained by diagnostic categories, instrument version and informants. CONCLUSIONS The identification of significant HrQoL impairments among pediatric patients, specifically in the physical and social domains, highlights the importance of routine psychosocial assessment and intervention in primary pediatric healthcare services. Specific recommendations include the use of profile measures, both self- and parent-reports, and the prioritization of oncology, endocrinology and neurology services.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neuza Silva
- Centre for Research in Neuropsychology and Cognitive Behavioral Intervention, Faculty of Psychology and Education Sciences of the University of Coimbra, Rua do Colégio Novo, 3000-115, Coimbra, Portugal. .,Department of Medical Psychology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistraβe 52, W26, 20246, Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Marco Pereira
- Centre for Research in Neuropsychology and Cognitive Behavioral Intervention, Faculty of Psychology and Education Sciences of the University of Coimbra, Rua do Colégio Novo, 3000-115, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Christiane Otto
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistraβe 52, W29, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ulrike Ravens-Sieberer
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistraβe 52, W29, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Maria Cristina Canavarro
- Centre for Research in Neuropsychology and Cognitive Behavioral Intervention, Faculty of Psychology and Education Sciences of the University of Coimbra, Rua do Colégio Novo, 3000-115, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Monika Bullinger
- Department of Medical Psychology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistraβe 52, W26, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
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Evaristo OS, Moreira C, Lopes L, Abreu S, Agostinis-Sobrinho C, Oliveira-Santos J, Póvoas S, Oliveira A, Santos R, Mota J. Associations between physical fitness and adherence to the Mediterranean diet with health-related quality of life in adolescents: results from the LabMed Physical Activity Study. Eur J Public Health 2019; 28:631-635. [PMID: 29590337 DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/cky043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Physical fitness (PF) and adherence to the Mediterranean diet are important indicators of healthy lifestyles. The purpose of this study is to analyze the independent and combined associations between PF and adherence to Mediterranean diet with health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in adolescents. Methods This is a cross-sectional analysis with 956 Portuguese adolescents aged 12-18 years. HRQoL was measured with the Kidscreen-10 questionnaire. PF was assessed with the ALPHA health-related fitness battery. The 20-m shuttle run test was used for the estimation of cardiorespiratory fitness; handgrip strength and standing long jump tests were applied for the assessment of muscular fitness and the 4 × 10 m shuttle run test for the assessment of motor fitness (speed and agility). The results of the PF tests (cardiorespiratory fitness, muscular fitness and motor fitness) were transformed into standardized values (Z-scores) by age and sex. Adherence to the Mediterranean diet was assessed with the KIDMED index. Regression analysis and analysis of covariance were performed. Results PF (B = 0.228; P < 0.05) and adherence to the Mediterranean diet (B = 0.259; P < 0.05) were positively associated with HRQoL, after controlling for several variables. Participants classified as high PF and high adherence to Mediterranean diet had on average the highest HRQoL score compared with those with low PF and low adherence to Mediterranean diet (F(3, 939) = 4.270; P = 0.005), after adjustments for potential confounders. Conclusions The combination of high PF levels and optimal adherence to Mediterranean diet is positively associated with HRQoL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Sofia Evaristo
- Research Centre in Physical Activity, Health and Leisure, Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Carla Moreira
- Research Centre in Physical Activity, Health and Leisure, Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Luís Lopes
- Research Centre in Physical Activity, Health and Leisure, Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Sandra Abreu
- Research Centre in Physical Activity, Health and Leisure, Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - César Agostinis-Sobrinho
- Research Centre in Physical Activity, Health and Leisure, Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Faculty of Health Sciences, Klaipeda University, Klaipėda, Lithuania.,Physical Education, Physiotherapy and Dance, Federal University of the South of Brazil, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - José Oliveira-Santos
- Research Centre in Physical Activity, Health and Leisure, Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Susana Póvoas
- Research Center in Sports Sciences, Health Sciences and Human Development, CIDESD, University Institute of Maia, ISMAI, Maia, Portugal
| | - André Oliveira
- Research Centre in Physical Activity, Health and Leisure, Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Rute Santos
- Research Centre in Physical Activity, Health and Leisure, Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Early Start Research Institute, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
| | - Jorge Mota
- Research Centre in Physical Activity, Health and Leisure, Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
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Moeijes J, van Busschbach JT, Wieringa TH, Kone J, Bosscher RJ, Twisk JWR. Sports participation and health-related quality of life in children: results of a cross-sectional study. Health Qual Life Outcomes 2019; 17:64. [PMID: 30987637 PMCID: PMC6466683 DOI: 10.1186/s12955-019-1124-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2018] [Accepted: 03/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In children physical activity has been shown to be associated with health-related quality of life (HRQoL). This study further explores this association for specific characteristics of sports participation, namely membership of a sports club, frequency of sports participation, performing individual versus team sports, performing indoor versus outdoor sports, while differentiating between specific dimensions in the physical, psychological and social domain of HRQoL. Methods Cross-sectional data were collected from Dutch primary school children aged 10 to 12 years. They completed the Movement and Sports Monitor Questionnaire Youth aged 8 to 12 years (MSMQ) and the KIDSCREEN-52, an HRQoL questionnaire for children and adolescents. The data were examined using linear multilevel analyses because of the clustering of children in schools. Results The questionnaires were completed by 1876 children (response rate 81.3%). Membership of a sports club, moderate or high frequency of sports participation, and performing outdoor sports were all significantly associated with better HRQoL. These associations were largely found in the physical domain of HRQoL, to a lesser degree in the social domain, and to a limited extent in the psychological domain. Conclusion The association between sports participation and HRQoL in children depends on both characteristics of sports participation and the domain of life that is concerned. These differences offer starting points for developing tailor-made sports programs for children. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12955-019-1124-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janet Moeijes
- Department of Human Movement and Education, Windesheim University of Applied Sciences, Campus 2-6, Zwolle, 8017CA, The Netherlands. .,Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Amsterdam University Medical Centers (AMC and VUMC), Amsterdam Public Health research institute, Van der Boechorststraat 7, 1081BT, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Jooske T van Busschbach
- Department of Human Movement and Education, Windesheim University of Applied Sciences, Campus 2-6, Zwolle, 8017CA, The Netherlands.,University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, University Center for Psychiatry, P.O. Box 30001, 9700, RB, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Thomas H Wieringa
- Department of Medical Psychology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers (AMC and VUMC), Amsterdam Public Health research institute, Van der Boechorststraat 7, 1081, BT, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Jordy Kone
- School of Health Care Studies, Hanze University of Applied Sciences Groningen, P.O. Box 30030, 9700, RM, Groningen, The Netherlands.,Department of Health and Welfare, Windesheim University of Applied Sciences, Campus 2-6, Zwolle, 8017CA, The Netherlands
| | - Ruud J Bosscher
- Department of Human Movement and Education, Windesheim University of Applied Sciences, Campus 2-6, Zwolle, 8017CA, The Netherlands
| | - Jos W R Twisk
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Amsterdam University Medical Centers (AMC and VUMC), Amsterdam Public Health research institute, Van der Boechorststraat 7, 1081BT, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Associations between health-related quality of life and physical fitness in 4–7-year-old Spanish children: the MOVIKIDS study. Qual Life Res 2019; 28:1751-1759. [DOI: 10.1007/s11136-019-02136-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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Carlone Baldino Garcia N, Lopes WA, Locateli JC, Ferraz Simões C, de Oliveira GH, de Souza Mendes VH, Spagnol Pereira IA, Nardo Junior N. Multidisciplinary obesity treatment program improved health-related quality of life and positively correlated with anthropometric and body composition but not with cardiorespiratory fitness parameters in adolescents. Qual Life Res 2019; 28:1803-1812. [PMID: 30790154 DOI: 10.1007/s11136-019-02141-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of the present study was to verify the effects of a 16-week multidisciplinary obesity treatment program (MOTP) on health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in adolescents with weight excess. In addition, we verified a possible association between changes on HRQoL and anthropometric, body composition, and cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) parameters. METHODS Two hundred four adolescents aged from 15 to 18 years were distributed in control group (CG) and intervention group (IG). They underwent a 16-week MOTP composed by nutritional, psychological, and health-related physical activity group sessions. Moreover, they performed physical exercise sessions three times per week during the whole 16-week program. Data on HRQoL, body composition, CRF and anthropometry were collected using standard protocols and validated questionnaires. RESULTS The MOTP promoted significant enhancements in all HRQoL domains, except for the school domain in IG. Furthermore, positive correlations between HRQoL and body weight (BW), body fat (BF), waist circumference (WC), and body mass index (BMI) z-score were verified. Higher scores of HRQoL might be achieved by improving these variables. CONCLUSIONS The 16-week MOTP was effective to improve HRQoL in adolescents with weight excess. This improvement has a positive correlation with enhancements in BW, BMI z-score, WC, and BF. Nevertheless, these findings have not reached a consensus on literature and still need to be further enlightened.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natália Carlone Baldino Garcia
- Multiprofessional Nucleus of Obesity Study, Department of Physical Education, State University of Maringa, 5790 Colombo Avenue, Jardim Universitário, Maringá, Paraná, 87020-900, Brazil
| | - Wendell Arthur Lopes
- Multiprofessional Nucleus of Obesity Study, Department of Physical Education, State University of Maringa, 5790 Colombo Avenue, Jardim Universitário, Maringá, Paraná, 87020-900, Brazil.,Clinical Research Center, University Hospital of Maringa, 1590 Mandacaru Avenue, Parque das Laranjeiras, Maringá, Paraná, 87083-240, Brazil.,Postgraduate Program in Physical Education, State University of Londrina, Rodovia Celso Garcia Cid, Londrina, Paraná, 86057-970, Brazil
| | - João Carlos Locateli
- Multiprofessional Nucleus of Obesity Study, Department of Physical Education, State University of Maringa, 5790 Colombo Avenue, Jardim Universitário, Maringá, Paraná, 87020-900, Brazil. .,Postgraduate Program in Physical Education, State University of Londrina, Rodovia Celso Garcia Cid, Londrina, Paraná, 86057-970, Brazil.
| | - Caroline Ferraz Simões
- Multiprofessional Nucleus of Obesity Study, Department of Physical Education, State University of Maringa, 5790 Colombo Avenue, Jardim Universitário, Maringá, Paraná, 87020-900, Brazil.,Postgraduate Program in Physical Education, State University of Londrina, Rodovia Celso Garcia Cid, Londrina, Paraná, 86057-970, Brazil
| | - Gustavo Henrique de Oliveira
- Multiprofessional Nucleus of Obesity Study, Department of Physical Education, State University of Maringa, 5790 Colombo Avenue, Jardim Universitário, Maringá, Paraná, 87020-900, Brazil.,Postgraduate Program in Physical Education, State University of Londrina, Rodovia Celso Garcia Cid, Londrina, Paraná, 86057-970, Brazil
| | - Victor Hugo de Souza Mendes
- Multiprofessional Nucleus of Obesity Study, Department of Physical Education, State University of Maringa, 5790 Colombo Avenue, Jardim Universitário, Maringá, Paraná, 87020-900, Brazil
| | - Igor Alisson Spagnol Pereira
- Multiprofessional Nucleus of Obesity Study, Department of Physical Education, State University of Maringa, 5790 Colombo Avenue, Jardim Universitário, Maringá, Paraná, 87020-900, Brazil
| | - Nelson Nardo Junior
- Multiprofessional Nucleus of Obesity Study, Department of Physical Education, State University of Maringa, 5790 Colombo Avenue, Jardim Universitário, Maringá, Paraná, 87020-900, Brazil.,Clinical Research Center, University Hospital of Maringa, 1590 Mandacaru Avenue, Parque das Laranjeiras, Maringá, Paraná, 87083-240, Brazil.,Postgraduate Program in Physical Education, State University of Londrina, Rodovia Celso Garcia Cid, Londrina, Paraná, 86057-970, Brazil
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Evaristo S, Moreira C, Lopes L, Oliveira A, Abreu S, Agostinis-Sobrinho C, Oliveira-Santos J, Póvoas S, Santos R, Mota J. Muscular fitness and cardiorespiratory fitness are associated with health-related quality of life: Results from labmed physical activity study. J Exerc Sci Fit 2019; 17:55-61. [PMID: 30740134 PMCID: PMC6353732 DOI: 10.1016/j.jesf.2019.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2018] [Revised: 01/04/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adolescents' physical fitness levels are an important indicator of their lifestyle and seem to have positive consequences in health-related quality of life (HRQoL). OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study is to analyse the combined associations of cardiorespiratory fitness and muscular fitness with HRQoL and to assess the differences between HRQoL scores across groups of cardiorespiratory fitness and muscular fitness in Portuguese adolescents. DESIGN This is a cross-sectional analysis with 567 Portuguese adolescents aged 12-18 years-old. METHODS HRQoL was measured using the Kidscreen-10 questionnaire. Cardiorespiratory fitness was estimated with the 20-m shuttle-run test. Muscular fitness was evaluated using the handgrip and the standing long jump tests and a muscular fitness index was computed by means of standardized measures of both tests. Socioeconomic status was assessed using the Family Affluence Scale. Body composition (body mass and height) was measured according to standard protocols. Accelerometers were used to obtain objective physical activity time. Pubertal stage was assessed using Tanner stages. Adherence to the Mediterranean diet was assessed using the KIDMED index. Participants were divided into four groups based on low or high values of both cardiorespiratory and muscular fitness. Regression analysis, mediation analysis and ANCOVA were performed. RESULTS HRQoL was positively associated with cardiorespiratory fitness (B = 0.112; p < 0.05) and muscular fitness score (B = 0.328 p < 0.05), after controlling for potential confounders. However, when both fitness variables were entered in the same model only cardiorespiratory fitness remained significantly associated with HRQoL (B = 0.093 p < 0.05). Cardiorespiratory fitness acted as a full mediator variable on the relationship between muscular fitness and HRQoL in adolescents (p < 0.05). ANCOVA showed that adolescents with high cardiorespiratory fitness/high muscular fitness exhibit better HRQoL scores when compared to those with low muscular fitness/low cardiorespiratory fitness and with those with low muscular fitness/high cardiorespiratory fitness (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS In adolescents, the combination of high cardiorespiratory fitness and high muscular fitness was positively associated with a better HRQoL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Evaristo
- Research Centre in Physical Activity, Health and Leisure, Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, Portugal
| | - Carla Moreira
- Research Centre in Physical Activity, Health and Leisure, Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, Portugal
| | - Luís Lopes
- Research Centre in Physical Activity, Health and Leisure, Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, Portugal
| | - André Oliveira
- Research Centre in Physical Activity, Health and Leisure, Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, Portugal
| | - Sandra Abreu
- Research Centre in Physical Activity, Health and Leisure, Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, Portugal
| | - César Agostinis-Sobrinho
- Research Centre in Physical Activity, Health and Leisure, Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, Portugal
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Klaipeda University, Klaipeda, 92294, Lithuania
| | - José Oliveira-Santos
- Research Centre in Physical Activity, Health and Leisure, Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, Portugal
| | - Susana Póvoas
- Research Center in Sports Sciences, Health Sciences and Human Development, CIDESD, University Institute of Maia, ISMAI, Maia, Portugal
| | - Rute Santos
- Research Centre in Physical Activity, Health and Leisure, Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, Portugal
| | - Jorge Mota
- Research Centre in Physical Activity, Health and Leisure, Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, Portugal
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Perez-Sousa MA, Olivares PR, Escobar-Alvarez JA, Parraça JA, Gusi N. Fitness as mediator between weight status and dimensions of health-related quality of life. Health Qual Life Outcomes 2018; 16:155. [PMID: 30064452 PMCID: PMC6069830 DOI: 10.1186/s12955-018-0981-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Accepted: 07/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is evidence that overweight and obesity in children is associated with poor Physical Fitness and consequently lower Health-related Quality of Life (HRQoL). However, this linear-causal relationship between Weight Status → Physical Fitness → HRQoL is not enough to fully understand this phenomenon. Therefore, need to know, through mediation analysis, how operate the Physical Fitness between weight status and HRQoL dimensions. PURPOSE The aim of this study was to determine which HRQoL dimensions are mediated through Physical Fitness in obese (including overweight) and normal weight children. The study also examined the association between Physical Fitness, Body Mass Index (BMI) and HRQoL. METHODS A total of 233 overweight/obese children and 105 normal-weight children participated in the study. Children were recruited from public educational centers and a public weight loss program. BMI, Physical Fitness (upper limb, central body and lower limb strength; agility and range of motion) and HRQoL (PedsQL and VAS) were measured. Simple mediation analyses by gender, through PROCESS macro developed by Preacher and Hayes, were performed in order to analyze whether Physical Fitness computed as z-score, is a mediator in the relation between weight status (normal weight or overweight/obesity) and HRQoL dimensions. \itionally, unequal-variances t statistics were executed to know differences in BMI, Physical Fitness components and HRQoL dimensions between groups, and correlations to know the associations between weight status, Physical Fitness z-score and HRQoL. RESULTS Our results, indicated association between the Physical Fitness z-score and HRQoL dimensions in overweight/obese children. Regarding to mediation analysis, the results showed that the negative association between overweight/obesity and HRQoL is softened by the level of Physical Fitness. Therefore Physical Fitness is a mediator in the relationship between overweight/obesity children and the most of dimensions of HRQoL, except the School functioning in boys and the School and Emotional functioning in girls. CONCLUSIONS The negative effect of overweight or obesity on HRQoL inn children, is mitigated by Physical Fitness. Consequently, the Physical Fitness is a mediator on HRQoL in most dimensions, especially daily living, in schoolchildren.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel A Perez-Sousa
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Extremadura, Cáceres. Spain. Av/ Universidad s/n, 10007, Cáceres, Spain.
| | - Pedro R Olivares
- Instituto de actividad física y salud Universidad Autonoma de Chile, Talca, Chile
| | - Juan A Escobar-Alvarez
- Sport and Public Services Department, South Essex College. Southend-on-Sea, Southend-on-Sea, England, UK
| | - Jose A Parraça
- Departamento de Desporto e Saúde, Escola de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade de Évora, Évora, Portugal
| | - Narcis Gusi
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Extremadura, Cáceres. Spain. Av/ Universidad s/n, 10007, Cáceres, Spain
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Franquelo-Morales P, Sánchez-López M, Notario-Pacheco B, Miota-Ibarra J, Lahoz-García N, Gómez-Marcos MÁ, Martínez-Vizcaíno V. Association Between Health-Related Quality of Life, Obesity, Fitness, and Sleep Quality in Young Adults: The Cuenca Adult Study. Behav Sleep Med 2018; 16:347-355. [PMID: 27754696 DOI: 10.1080/15402002.2016.1228638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objectives of this study were to examine in university students: (a) the mean differences in the HRQoL among fat mass percentage, cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and sleep quality categories; and (b) the independent associations among fat mass percentage, CRF, and sleep quality with HRQoL. PARTICIPANTS 376 students, 18-30 years old, from the University of Castilla-La Mancha in Cuenca, Spain (during 2009-2010). METHOD Cross-sectional study measuring % fat mass (DXA), CRF (20-m shuttle run test), sleep quality (Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index), and HRQoL (SF-12 questionnaire). RESULTS The mean in Mental Component Summary (MCS) in men (p = .029) was lower in students in upper quartiles of % fat mass than in peers in other categories of % fat mass. Among men, MCS was significantly lower among those in the lowest quartile of CRF (p = .015), and among women, Physical Component Summary (PCS) was significantly lower among those in the lowest quartile of CRF (p = .047). MCS dimension of the HRQoL was lower in both men (p = .001) and women (p < .001) in upper quartiles of sleep quality. Multiple linear regression models showed that in men, CRF was associated with MCS (β = 0.25, p = .031), and sleep quality was associated with PCS (β = -0.24, p = .027) and MCS (β = -0.38, p < .001). In women, CRF was associated with PCS (β = 0.17, p = .018) and sleep quality with MCS (β= -0.44, p < .001). CONCLUSIONS Finally, our findings suggest that, regardless of adiposity and fitness, having good sleep habits may positively influence the quality of life in young adults.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mairena Sánchez-López
- b Social and Health Care Research Center, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha , Cuenca , Spain.,c School of Education, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha , Ciudad Real , Spain
| | - Blanca Notario-Pacheco
- b Social and Health Care Research Center, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha , Cuenca , Spain
| | - José Miota-Ibarra
- b Social and Health Care Research Center, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha , Cuenca , Spain
| | - Noelia Lahoz-García
- b Social and Health Care Research Center, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha , Cuenca , Spain
| | | | - Vicente Martínez-Vizcaíno
- b Social and Health Care Research Center, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha , Cuenca , Spain.,e Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud , Universidad Autónoma de Chile , Talca , Chile
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Hayes M, Baxter H, Müller-Nordhorn J, Hohls JK, Muckelbauer R. The longitudinal association between weight change and health-related quality of life in adults and children: a systematic review. Obes Rev 2017; 18:1398-1411. [PMID: 28975765 DOI: 10.1111/obr.12595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2017] [Revised: 06/15/2017] [Accepted: 07/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
This systematic review examined longitudinal associations between weight change (weight gain and loss) and both physical and mental aspects of health-related quality of life (HRQOL) compared with stable weight in adults and children of the general population. MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsycINFO and PubMed databases were searched. Longitudinal observational studies measuring HRQOL with six predefined instruments were synthesized according to type of association: weight change and change in HRQOL (change-on-change association) and weight change and HRQOL at follow-up (predictive association). Twenty studies of adults (n = 15) or children (n = 5) were included. Fifteen studies used the SF-12 or SF-36. Results of nine studies in adults examining the change-on-change association were combined through a tallying of 606 analyses. Weight gain was most often associated with reduced physical, but not mental HRQOL, across all baseline body mass index categories and in both men and women. Weight loss may be associated with improved physical, but not mental HRQOL, among adults with overweight and obesity. Weight gain was more strongly associated with HRQOL than weight loss, implicating a greater need for preventative strategies to tackle obesity. Results in children and for the predictive association generally reflected these findings but require further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Hayes
- Institute of Public Health, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Melbourne Medical School, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - H Baxter
- Austin Health Sciences Library, Austin Health, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia
| | - J Müller-Nordhorn
- Institute of Public Health, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - J K Hohls
- Institute of Public Health, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Department of Health Economics and Health Services Research, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - R Muckelbauer
- Institute of Public Health, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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Hobold E, Pires-Lopes V, Gómez-Campos R, de Arruda M, Andruske CL, Pacheco-Carrillo J, Cossio-Bolaños MA. Reference standards to assess physical fitness of children and adolescents of Brazil: an approach to the students of the Lake Itaipú region-Brazil. PeerJ 2017; 5:e4032. [PMID: 29204319 PMCID: PMC5712463 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.4032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2017] [Accepted: 10/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The importance of assessing body fat variables and physical fitness tests plays an important role in monitoring the level of activity and physical fitness of the general population. The objective of this study was to develop reference norms to evaluate the physical fitness aptitudes of children and adolescents based on age and sex from the lake region of Itaipú, Brazil. Methods A descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out with 5,962 students (2,938 males and 3,024 females) with an age range of 6.0 and 17.9 years. Weight (kg), height (cm), and triceps (mm), and sub-scapular skinfolds (mm) were measured. Body Mass Index (BMI kg/m2) was calculated. To evaluate the four physical fitness aptitude dimensions (morphological, muscular strength, flexibility, and cardio-respiratory), the following physical education tests were given to the students: sit-and-reach (cm), push-ups (rep), standing long jump (cm), and 20-m shuttle run (m). Results and Discussion Females showed greater flexibility in the sit-and-reach test and greater body fat than the males. No differences were found in BMI. Percentiles were created for the four components for the physical fitness aptitudes, BMI, and skinfolds by using the LMS method based on age and sex. The proposed reference values may be used for detecting talents and promoting health in children and adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edilson Hobold
- Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná, Parana, Brazil
| | - Vitor Pires-Lopes
- Research Center in Sports Sciences, Health Sciences and Human Development (CIDESD) and Department of Sports Science of Polytechnic Institute of Bragança, Braganca, Portugal
| | - Rossana Gómez-Campos
- Universidad Autonoma de Chile, Talca, Chile.,Faculty of Physical Education, State University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Miguel de Arruda
- Faculty of Physical Education, State University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | | | | | - Marco Antonio Cossio-Bolaños
- Faculty of Physical Education, State University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil.,Universidad Católica del Maule, Talca, Chile.,Instituto del Deporte Universitario, IDUNSA, Universidad Nacional de San Agustín, Arequipa, Arequipa, Perú
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Associations between health-related quality of life, cardiorespiratory fitness, muscle strength, physical activity and waist circumference in 10-year-old children: the ASK study. Qual Life Res 2017; 26:3421-3428. [DOI: 10.1007/s11136-017-1634-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Pozuelo-Carrascosa DP, Martínez-Vizcaíno V, Sánchez-López M, Bartolomé-Gutiérrez R, Rodríguez-Martín B, Notario-Pacheco B. Resilience as a mediator between cardiorespiratory fitness and mental health-related quality of life: A cross-sectional study. Nurs Health Sci 2017; 19:316-321. [DOI: 10.1111/nhs.12347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2016] [Revised: 02/03/2017] [Accepted: 02/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Vicente Martínez-Vizcaíno
- Social and Health Care Research Center; University of Castilla-La Mancha; Cuenca Spain
- School of Health Sciences; Autonomous University of Chile; Talca Chile
| | - Mairena Sánchez-López
- Social and Health Care Research Center; University of Castilla-La Mancha; Cuenca Spain
- School of Education; University of Castilla-La Mancha; Ciudad Real Spain
| | | | - Beatriz Rodríguez-Martín
- School of Occupational Therapy, Speech Therapy and Nursing; University of Castilla-La Mancha; Talavera de la Reina Spain
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Marques A, Mota J, Gaspar T, de Matos MG. Associations between self-reported fitness and self-rated health, life-satisfaction and health-related quality of life among adolescents. J Exerc Sci Fit 2017. [PMID: 29541124 PMCID: PMC5812855 DOI: 10.1016/j.jesf.2017.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background/objective In recent years, there has been an increased interest in the associations between physical fitness (PF) and psychosocial aspects of health. This study aimed to analyse the associations between self-reported PF and self-rated health (SRH), life-satisfaction (LS), and quality of life (QoL). Methods This is a cross-sectional study of 3554 adolescents (1652 boys), aged 13–18, from the HBSC Portuguese survey. PF, health, LS and OoL were self-rated. Results SRH, LS, and health-related OoL (HRQoL) were significantly and positively correlated with all PF components. From regression model, overall fitness was significantly related with SRH (boys: β = 0.18, p < 0.001; girls: β = 0.16, p < 0.001), LS (boys: β = 0.36, p < 0.001; girls: β = 0.43, p < 0.001), and HRQoL (boys: β = 2.26, p < 0.001; girls: β = 2.54, p < 0.001). Cardiorespiratory fitness was also positively and significantly related with SRH (boys: β = 0.17, p < 0.001; girls: β = 0.11, p < 0.001), LS (boys: β = 0.13, p < 0.05; girls: β = 0.31, p < 0.001), and HRQoL (boys: β = 1.74, p < 0.001; girls: β = 1.57, p < 0.001). Conclusion These findings suggest that perceived PF is associated with a better SRH, LS, and perceived HRQoL. A few implications regarding public policies were highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adilson Marques
- Centro Interdisciplinar de Estudo da Performance Humana, Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal.,Centro de Investigação em Saúde Pública, Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Jorge Mota
- Centro de Investigação em Atividade Física Saúde e Lazer (CIAFEL), Faculdade de Desporto, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | | | - Margarida Gaspar de Matos
- Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal.,William James Center for Research, Instituto Superior de Psicologia Aplicada, Lisboa, Portugal
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Lang JJ, Tremblay MS, Ortega FB, Ruiz JR, Tomkinson GR. Review of criterion-referenced standards for cardiorespiratory fitness: what percentage of 1 142 026 international children and youth are apparently healthy? Br J Sports Med 2017; 53:953-958. [PMID: 28254744 DOI: 10.1136/bjsports-2016-096955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To identify criterion-referenced standards for cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF); to estimate the percentage of children and youth that met each standard; and to discuss strategies to help improve the utility of criterion-referenced standards for population health research. METHODS A search of four databases was undertaken to identify papers that reported criterion-referenced CRF standards for children and youth generated using the receiver operating characteristic curve technique. A pseudo-dataset representing the 20-m shuttle run test performance of 1 142 026 children and youth aged 9-17 years from 50 countries was generated using Monte Carlo simulation. Pseudo-data were used to estimate the international percentage of children and youth that met published criterion-referenced standards for CRF. RESULTS Ten studies reported criterion-referenced standards for healthy CRF in children and youth. The mean percentage (±95% CI) of children and youth that met the standards varied substantially across age groups from 36%±13% to 95%±4% among girls, and from 51%±7% to 96%±16% among boys. There was an age gradient across all criterion-referenced standards where younger children were more likely to meet the standards compared with older children, regardless of sex. Within age groups, mean percentages were more precise (smaller CI) for younger girls and older boys. CONCLUSION There are several CRF criterion-referenced standards for children and youth producing widely varying results. This study encourages using the interim international criterion-referenced standards of 35 and 42 mL/kg/min for girls and boys, respectively, to identify children and youth at risk of poor health-raising a clinical red flag.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin J Lang
- Healthy Active Living and Obesity (HALO) Research Group, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mark S Tremblay
- Healthy Active Living and Obesity (HALO) Research Group, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Francisco B Ortega
- PROmoting FITness and Health through physical activity research group (PROFITH), Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Jonatan R Ruiz
- PROmoting FITness and Health through physical activity research group (PROFITH), Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Grant R Tomkinson
- Department of Kinesiology and Public Health Education, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, North Dakota, USA
- Alliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition and Activity (ARENA), School of Health Sciences & Sansom Institute for Health Research, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
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Bermejo-Cantarero A, Álvarez-Bueno C, Martinez-Vizcaino V, García-Hermoso A, Torres-Costoso AI, Sánchez-López M. Association between physical activity, sedentary behavior, and fitness with health related quality of life in healthy children and adolescents: A protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis. Medicine (Baltimore) 2017; 96:e6407. [PMID: 28328839 PMCID: PMC5371476 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000006407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Health related quality of life (HRQoL) is a subjective, multidimensional and changing over time construct. When HRQoL is decreased, a child is less likely to be able to develop normally and mature into a healthy adult. Physical inactivity is a priority public health problem. Evidence suggests how even moderate levels of physical activity or high fitness levels are associated with benefits for the health in children and adolescents. The aims of this systematic review are to examine the evidence about the relationship between physical activity, sedentary behavior, and fitness with HRQoL, and estimate the effects of interventions that have tested the effectiveness of the increase of the physical activity, the improvement of the physical fitness or the avoidance of sedentary behaviors in HRQoL in healthy subjects aged under 18 years old. METHODS This systematic review and meta-analysis protocol was conducted following the preferred reporting items for systematic review and meta-analysis protocols (PRISMA-P) statement. To identify relevant studies, the following electronic databases will be searched: MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Database, Web of Science, and PEDro. Reference lists of relevant studies will be examined for links to potential related articles. The methodological quality of the observational included studies will be scored using a quality assessment checklist. For the intervention studies, the risk of bias will be estimated using The Cochrane Collaboration tool for assessing risk of bias. Reviewers will determine whether a meta-analysis is possible when data have been extracted. If it is, subgroup analyses will be carried out by age and socioeconomic status, and by the different dimensions of the HRQoL. If is not possible, a descriptive analysis will be conducted. CONCLUSION To our knowledge, this systematic review and meta-analysis will be the first that synthesizes the existing results about the relationship between physical activity, sedentary behavior, physical fitness, and HRQoL, and the effect of physical activity interventions on HRQoL, in healthy subjects under 18 years old. This study will clarify this relationship and will provide evidence for decision-making. Limitations may include the quality of the selected studies and their characteristics. Only studies published in English and Spanish will be included. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION PROSPERO CRD42015025823.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Celia Álvarez-Bueno
- Health and Social Research Center, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Cuenca
| | - Vicente Martinez-Vizcaino
- Health and Social Research Center, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Cuenca
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Talca
| | - Antonio García-Hermoso
- Laboratorio de Ciencias de la Actividad Física, el Deporte y la Salud, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, USACH, Santiago, Chile
| | | | - Mairena Sánchez-López
- Health and Social Research Center, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Cuenca
- School of Education, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Ciudad Real, Castilla-La Mancha, Spain
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44
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Obesity as a Mediator between Cardiorespiratory Fitness and Blood Pressure in Preschoolers. J Pediatr 2017; 182:114-119.e2. [PMID: 27912924 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2016.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2016] [Revised: 09/15/2016] [Accepted: 11/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To analyze the relationships between body mass index (BMI), cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF), and blood pressure (BP), and to examine whether obesity acts as a mediator between fitness and BP in children. STUDY DESIGN A cross-sectional analysis using a population-based sample of 1604 school children aged 4-7 years attending 21 schools from the provinces of Ciudad Real and Cuenca, Spain, was undertaken. Data on anthropometric variables, BP measurements, and CRF were collected. The relationships between body composition (BMI, percent body fat, and waist circumference), CRF, and mean arterial pressure was estimated using Pearson correlation coefficients. ANCOVA tested the differences in BP measurements by categories of BMI and CRF, controlling for different sets of confounders. The PROCESS macro developed by Preacher and Hayes was used for mediation analysis. RESULTS BP values were significantly higher in school children with excess weight and poorer CRF. In addition, BMI acts as a full mediator in the association between CRF and mean arterial pressure in boys at 62.28% (z = -5.433; P ≤ .001) and a partial mediator in girls at 35.24% (z = -5.246; P ≤ .001). CONCLUSIONS BMI mediates the relationship between CRF and mean arterial pressure. These findings highlight the importance of maintaining a healthy weight for the prevention of high BP levels in childhood. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT01971840.
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Lopes L, Póvoas S, Mota J, Okely AD, Coelho-E-Silva MJ, Cliff DP, Lopes VP, Santos R. Flexibility is associated with motor competence in schoolchildren. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2016; 27:1806-1813. [PMID: 27781306 DOI: 10.1111/sms.12789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Available data on the associations between motor competence (MC) and flexibility are limited and result inconclusive. This study aims to examine the relationship between flexibility and MC in children. The sample comprised 596 Portuguese children (47.1% girls) aged 9.7 ± 0.6 years. Motor competence was evaluated with the body coordination test, Körperkoordination Test für Kinder. Cardiorespiratory fitness (20-m shuttle run), muscular strength (curl-up and push-up tests), and flexibility (back-saver sit and reach and trunk-lift tests) were evaluated using the Fitnessgram Test Battery. Z-scores by age and gender for the physical fitness tests were constructed. Analysis of variance and regression analysis were performed. Participants in the healthy zone groups of both flexibility tests exhibited significantly better scores of MC than the participants under the healthy zone (P < 0.001). Back-saver sit and reach and trunk-lift Z-scores, either individually or as a sum, were significant predictors of MC (P < 0.05 for all) after adjustments for the other physical fitness components, age, body mass index, and socioeconomic status, in both genders. Our findings highlight the importance of promoting and developing flexibility, as well as the other health-related physical fitness components in schoolchildren to reach adequate levels of MC.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Lopes
- Research Centre for Physical Activity, Health and Leisure (CIAFEL), Faculty of Sports, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - S Póvoas
- Research Center in Sports Sciences, Health Sciences and Human Development (CIDESD), University Institute of Maia (ISMAI), Maia, Portugal
| | - J Mota
- Research Centre for Physical Activity, Health and Leisure (CIAFEL), Faculty of Sports, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - A D Okely
- Faculty of Social Sciences, School of Education, Early Start Research Institute, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia
| | - M J Coelho-E-Silva
- Faculty of Sport Sciences and Physical Education, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - D P Cliff
- Faculty of Social Sciences, School of Education, Early Start Research Institute, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia
| | - V P Lopes
- Research Center in Sports Sciences, Health Sciences and Human Development (CIDESD), School of Education of Polytechnic Institute of Bragança, Bragança, Portugal
| | - R Santos
- Research Centre for Physical Activity, Health and Leisure (CIAFEL), Faculty of Sports, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Faculty of Social Sciences, School of Education, Early Start Research Institute, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia
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Tomkinson GR, Lang JJ, Tremblay MS, Dale M, LeBlanc AG, Belanger K, Ortega FB, Léger L. International normative 20 m shuttle run values from 1 142 026 children and youth representing 50 countries. Br J Sports Med 2016; 51:1545-1554. [PMID: 27208067 DOI: 10.1136/bjsports-2016-095987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To develop sex-specific and age-specific international norms for the 20 m shuttle run test (20mSRT) in children and youth (aged 9-17 years), and to estimate the prevalence meeting the FITNESSGRAM criterion-referenced standards for healthy cardiorespiratory endurance (CRE). METHODS A systematic review was undertaken to identify papers explicitly reporting descriptive 20mSRT (with 1 min stages) data on children and youth since 1981. Data were included on apparently healthy (free from known disease/injury) 9-17 years old. Following standardisation to a common metric and for protocol differences, pseudo data were generated using Monte Carlo simulation, with population-weighted sex-specific and age-specific normative centiles generated using the Lambda Mu and Sigma (LMS) method. Sex-related and age-related differences were expressed as per cent and standardised differences in means. The prevalence with healthy CRE was estimated using the sex-specific and age-specific FITNESSGRAM criterion-referenced standards for [Formula: see text]. RESULTS Norms were displayed as tabulated centiles and as smoothed centile curves for the 20mSRT using 4 common metrics (speed at the last completed stage, completed stages/minutes, laps and relative [Formula: see text]). The final data set included 1 142 026 children and youth from 50 countries, extracted from 177 studies. Boys consistently outperformed girls at each age group (mean difference±95% CI: 0.86±0.28 km/h or 0.79±0.20 standardised units), with the magnitude of age-related increase larger for boys than for girls. A higher proportion of boys (mean±95% CI: 67±14%) had healthy CRE than girls (mean±95% CI: 54±17%), with the prevalence of healthy CRE decreasing systematically with age. CONCLUSIONS This study provides the most comprehensive and up-to-date set of international sex-specific and age-specific 20mSRT norms for children and youth, which have utility for health and fitness screening, profiling, monitoring and surveillance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grant R Tomkinson
- Department of Kinesiology and Public Health Education, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, North Dakota, USA
- Alliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition and Activity (ARENA), School of Health Sciences & Sansom Institute for Health Research, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Justin J Lang
- Healthy Active Living and Obesity (HALO) Research Group, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mark S Tremblay
- Healthy Active Living and Obesity (HALO) Research Group, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Michael Dale
- School of Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | | | - Kevin Belanger
- Healthy Active Living and Obesity (HALO) Research Group, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Francisco B Ortega
- University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Karolinska Institute, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Luc Léger
- Département de kinésiologie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
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47
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Ra JS, Gang M. Depression moderates between physical activity and quality of life in low-income children. Appl Nurs Res 2016; 29:e18-22. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apnr.2015.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2015] [Revised: 06/05/2015] [Accepted: 06/08/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Sikorski C, Luppa M, Luck T, Riedel-Heller SG. Weight stigma "gets under the skin"-evidence for an adapted psychological mediation framework: a systematic review. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2015; 23:266-76. [PMID: 25627624 DOI: 10.1002/oby.20952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2014] [Accepted: 09/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Research consistently shows a negative view of individuals with obesity in the general public and in various other settings. Stigma and discrimination can be considered chronic stressors, as these factors have a profound impact on the psychological well-being of the affected individuals. This article proposes a framework that entails a mediation of the adverse effects of discrimination and stigmatization on mental well-being through elevated psychological risk factors that are not unique to weight but that could affect overweight and normal-weight individuals alike. METHODS A systematic review was conducted to assess the prevalence of psychological risk factors, such as self-esteem and coping, in individuals with obesity. RESULTS Forty-six articles were assessed and included for detailed analysis. The number of studies on these topics is limited to certain dimensions of psychological processes. The best evaluated association of obesity and psychosocial aspects is seen for self-esteem. Most studies establish a negative association of weight and self-esteem in children and adults. All studies with mediation analysis find a positive mediation through psychological risk factors on mental health outcomes. CONCLUSIONS This review shows that elevated psychological risk factors are existent in individuals with obesity and that they may be a mediator between weight discrimination and pathopsychological outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Sikorski
- Institute of Social Medicine, Occupational Health and Public Health (ISAP), University of Leipzig, Germany; Leipzig University Medical Center, IFB Adiposity Diseases, Leipzig, Germany; Mailman School of Public Health, Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University, New York City, New York, USA
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Riiser K, Løndal K, Ommundsen Y, Småstuen MC, Misvær N, Helseth S. The outcomes of a 12-week Internet intervention aimed at improving fitness and health-related quality of life in overweight adolescents: the Young & Active controlled trial. PLoS One 2014; 9:e114732. [PMID: 25478791 PMCID: PMC4257715 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0114732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2014] [Accepted: 11/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Overweight and obesity among adolescents may have consequences, with potentially lasting effects on health and health-related quality of life (HRQoL). Excess weight is also associated with decreases in physical activity and cardiorespiratory fitness. The aim of the current study was to investigate the short-term effects of a 12-week Internet intervention in a primary care setting intended to increase cardiorespiratory fitness and HRQoL among overweight and obese adolescents. METHODS In this controlled trial, participants (13-15 years) were non-randomly allocated to an intervention- or a control group. The intervention group received 12-weeks access to an online program providing tailored physical activity counseling based on principles from Self-determination Theory and Motivational Interviewing. The control group received standard follow-up by the school nurses. The primary outcome measure of cardiorespiratory fitness was determined using a shuttle run test. The secondary outcomes: HRQoL, leisure time exercise, body image and self-determined motivation for physical activity and exercise, were assessed by self-report measures. Age- and gender-adjusted body mass index (BMI) was calculated based on measurements of height and weight. To compare pre-to post intervention differences within groups, a paired samples t-test was used while crude differences between groups were analyzed with an independent samples t-test. RESULTS Of the 120 participants, 108 completed the study, 75 in the intervention group and 33 in the control group. Exposure to the intervention had a small effect on cardiorespiratory fitness (0.14; 95% CI [0.01;0.28]; P = 0.04), and a moderate effect on HRQoL (5.22; 95% CI [0.90; 9.53]; P = 0.02). Moreover, the control group increased significantly in BMI, yielding a moderate preventive effect on BMI (-0.39; 95% CI [-0.74;-0.03]; P = 0.03) for the intervention group. CONCLUSION The results suggest that the Internet intervention with tailored physical activity counseling can have beneficial short-term effect on cardiorespiratory fitness, HRQoL and BMI among adolescents with overweight and obesity. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01700309.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirsti Riiser
- Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo, Norway
- Oslo and Akershus University College of Applied Sciences, Oslo, Norway
- * E-mail:
| | - Knut Løndal
- Oslo and Akershus University College of Applied Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | | | | | - Nina Misvær
- Oslo and Akershus University College of Applied Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | - Sølvi Helseth
- Oslo and Akershus University College of Applied Sciences, Oslo, Norway
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Torres-Costoso A, Gracia-Marco L, Sánchez-López M, García-Prieto JC, García-Hermoso A, Díez-Fernández A, Martínez-Vizcaíno V. Lean mass as a total mediator of the influence of muscular fitness on bone health in schoolchildren: a mediation analysis. J Sports Sci 2014; 33:817-30. [PMID: 25385511 DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2014.964750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
This report aims to analyse the independent association of lean mass and muscle fitness with bone mineral content (BMC) and bone mineral density (BMD), and to examine whether the relationship between muscle fitness and bone health is mediated by lean mass. Body composition (by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA)), muscle fitness, physical activity, age and height were measured in 132 schoolchildren (62 boys, aged 8-11 years). Analysis of covariance tested differences in bone-related variables by lean mass and muscle fitness, controlling for different sets of confounders. Linear regression models fitted for mediation analyses examined whether the association between muscle fitness and bone mass was mediated by lean mass. Children with good performance in handgrip and standing long jump had better and worse bone health, respectively. These differences disappeared after controlling for lean mass. Children with high lean mass had higher values in all bone-related variables. In addition, the relationship between muscle fitness and bone mass was fully mediated by lean mass. In conclusion, the relationship between upper-limbs muscle fitness and bone health seems to be dependent on lean mass but not on muscle fitness. Schoolchildren with high lean mass have more BMC and BMD in all regions. Lean mass mediates the association between muscle fitness and bone mass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Torres-Costoso
- a School of Nursing and Physiotherapy , University of Castilla La Mancha , Toledo , Spain
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