1
|
Chen F, Zhou Y, Wang L, Wang P, Wang T, Ravindran B, Mishra S, Chen S, Cui X, Yang Y, Zhang W. Elucidating the degradation mechanisms of perfluorooctanoic acid and perfluorooctane sulfonate in various environmental matrices: a review of green degradation pathways. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2024; 46:349. [PMID: 39073492 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-024-02134-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2024] [Accepted: 07/15/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
Given environmental persistence, potential for bioaccumulation, and toxicity of Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS), the scientific community has increasingly focused on researching their toxicology and degradation methods. This paper presents a survey of recent research advances in the toxicological effects and degradation methods of PFOA and PFOS. Their adverse effects on the liver, nervous system, male reproductive system, genetics, and development are detailed. Additionally, the degradation techniques of PFOA and PFOS, including photochemical, photocatalytic, and electrochemical methods, are analyzed and compared, highlighted the potential of these technologies for environmental remediation. The biotransformation pathways and mechanisms of PFOA and PFOS involving microorganisms, plants, and enzymes are also presented. As the primary green degradation pathway for PFOA and PFOS, Biodegradation uses specific microorganisms, plants or enzymes to remove PFOA and PFOS from the environment through redox reactions, enzyme catalysis and other pathways. Currently, there has been a paucity of research conducted on the biodegradation of PFOA and PFOS. However, this degradation technology is promising owing to its specificity, cost-effectiveness, and ease of implementation. Furthermore, novel materials/methods for PFOA and PFOS degradation are presented in this paper. These novel materials/methods effectively improve the degradation efficiency of PFOA and PFOS and provide new ideas and tools for the degradation of PFOA and PFOS. This information can assist researchers in identifying flaws and gaps in the field, which can facilitate the formulation of innovative research ideas.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Feiyu Chen
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, China
- Key Laboratory of Sustainable Utilization of Panax Notoginseng Resources of Yunnan Province, Kunming, 650500, Yunnan, China
| | - Yi Zhou
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, China
- Key Laboratory of Sustainable Utilization of Panax Notoginseng Resources of Yunnan Province, Kunming, 650500, Yunnan, China
| | - Liping Wang
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, China
- Key Laboratory of Sustainable Utilization of Panax Notoginseng Resources of Yunnan Province, Kunming, 650500, Yunnan, China
| | - Pengfei Wang
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, China
- Key Laboratory of Sustainable Utilization of Panax Notoginseng Resources of Yunnan Province, Kunming, 650500, Yunnan, China
| | - Tianyue Wang
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, China
- Key Laboratory of Sustainable Utilization of Panax Notoginseng Resources of Yunnan Province, Kunming, 650500, Yunnan, China
| | - Balasubramani Ravindran
- Department of Environmental Energy and Engineering, Kyonggi University, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do, 16227, South Korea
| | - Sandhya Mishra
- Environmental Technologies Division, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Rana Pratap Marg, Lucknow, 226001, India
| | - Shaohua Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, Integrative Microbiology Research Centre, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Xiuming Cui
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, China
- Key Laboratory of Sustainable Utilization of Panax Notoginseng Resources of Yunnan Province, Kunming, 650500, Yunnan, China
| | - Ye Yang
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, China.
- Key Laboratory of Sustainable Utilization of Panax Notoginseng Resources of Yunnan Province, Kunming, 650500, Yunnan, China.
| | - Wenping Zhang
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, China.
- Key Laboratory of Sustainable Utilization of Panax Notoginseng Resources of Yunnan Province, Kunming, 650500, Yunnan, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Zhang Y, Zhang M, Jiang S, Hu H, Wang X, Yu F, Huang Y, Liang Y. Associations of perfluoroalkyl substances with metabolic-associated fatty liver disease and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: NHANES 2017-2018. Cancer Causes Control 2024:10.1007/s10552-024-01865-5. [PMID: 38764062 DOI: 10.1007/s10552-024-01865-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study investigated the potential effects of perfluoroalkyl substance (PFAS) in serum on MAFLD, NAFLD, and liver fibrosis. METHODS Our sample included 696 participants (≥ 18 years) from the 2017-2018 NHANES study with available serum PFASs, covariates, and outcomes. Using the first quartile of PFAS as the reference group, we used weighted binary logistic regression and multiple ordered logistic regression used to analyze the relationship between PFAS and MAFLD, NAFLD, and liver fibrosis and multiple ordinal logistic regression to investigate the relationship between PFAS and MAFLD, NAFLD, and liver fibrosis and calculated the odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval for each chemical. Finally, stratified analysis and sensitivity analysis were performed according to gender, age, BMI, and serum cotinine concentration. RESULTS A total of 696 study subjects were included, including 212 NAFLD patients (weighted 27.03%) and 253 MAFLD patients (weighted 32.65%). The quartile 2 of serum PFOA was positively correlated with MAFLD and NAFLD (MAFLD, OR 2.29, 95% CI 1.05-4.98; NAFLD, OR 2.37, 95% CI 1.03-5.47). PFAS were not significantly associated with liver fibrosis after adjusting for potential confounders in MAFLD and NAFLD. Stratified analysis showed that PFOA was strongly associated with MAFLD, NAFLD, and liver fibrosis in males and obese subjects. In women over 60 years old, PFHxS was also correlated with MAFLD, NAFLD, and liver fibrosis. CONCLUSION The serum PFOA was positively associated with MAFLD and NAFLD in US adults. After stratified analysis, the serum PFHxS was correlated with MFALD, NAFLD, and liver fibrosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuxiao Zhang
- School of Public Health, Wannan Medical College, 22 Wenchang West Road, Wuhu, 241000, Anhui, China
| | - Min Zhang
- School of Public Health, Wannan Medical College, 22 Wenchang West Road, Wuhu, 241000, Anhui, China
| | - Shanjiamei Jiang
- School of Public Health, Wannan Medical College, 22 Wenchang West Road, Wuhu, 241000, Anhui, China
| | - Heng Hu
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, 241001, Anhui, China
| | - Xinzhi Wang
- School of Public Health, Wannan Medical College, 22 Wenchang West Road, Wuhu, 241000, Anhui, China
| | - Fan Yu
- School of Public Health, Wannan Medical College, 22 Wenchang West Road, Wuhu, 241000, Anhui, China
| | - Yue'e Huang
- School of Public Health, Wannan Medical College, 22 Wenchang West Road, Wuhu, 241000, Anhui, China.
| | - Yali Liang
- School of Public Health, Wannan Medical College, 22 Wenchang West Road, Wuhu, 241000, Anhui, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Dai C, Peng L, Li Y, Li Z, Chen D, Wang F, Lin N. Distribution of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances in blood, serum, and urine of patients with liver cancer and associations with liver function biomarkers. J Environ Sci (China) 2024; 139:418-427. [PMID: 38105065 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2023.05.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Studies have shown that per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) may be hepatotoxic in animals or humans. However, data on clinical epidemiology are very limited. In this study, 21 PFASs were determined in patients with liver diseases, with the highest median concentrations detected in the serum sample (26.7 ng/mL), followed by blood (10.7 ng/mL) and urine (5.02 ng/mL). Higher total PFAS concentrations were found in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients compared to non-HCC patients, with significant discrepancies in serum and blood samples. Besides, significant correlations were also found among PFAS concentrations and age, gender, body mass index (BMI), and liver function biomarkers levels. For example, PFAS concentrations are significantly higher in males than in females; Several serum PFASs concentrations increase with age and BMI, while the serum perfluorohexane sulfonic acid (PFHxS) concentrations are negatively correlated with age. In addition, multiple regression models adjusted for age, gender and BMI found that increased serum perfluorobutane sulfonic acid (PFBS), perfluoroheptane sulfonic acid (PFHpS) and perfluorohexylphosphonic acid (PFHxPA) conentrations are correlated with elevated alkaline phosphatase (ALP), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) (p < 0.05). Our results provide epidemiological support for the future study on the potential clinical hepatotoxicity of PFAS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cao Dai
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Lin Peng
- School of Environment, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; State Key Laboratory of Environmental and Biological Analysis, Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Yanjie Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Zhendong Li
- South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, MEE, Guangzhou 510655, China
| | - Da Chen
- School of Environment, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Fei Wang
- School of Environment, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.
| | - Nan Lin
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510630, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Shi W, Zhang Z, Li X, Chen J, Liang X, Li J. GenX Disturbs the Indicators of Hepatic Lipid Metabolism Even at Environmental Concentration in Drinking Water via PPARα Signaling Pathways. Chem Res Toxicol 2024; 37:98-108. [PMID: 38150050 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.3c00342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2023]
Abstract
Hexafluoropropylene oxide dimer acid (HFPO-DA; trade name GenX), as a substitute for perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), has been attracting increasing attention. However, its impact and corresponding mechanism on hepatic lipid metabolism are less understood. To investigate the possible mechanisms of GenX for hepatotoxicity, a series of in vivo and in vitro experiments were conducted. In in vivo experiment, male mice were exposed to GenX in drinking water at environmental concentrations (0.1 and 10 μg/L) and high concentrations (1 and 100 mg/L) for 14 weeks. In in vitro experiments, human hepatocellular carcinoma cells (HepG2) were exposed to GenX at 10, 160, and 640 μM for 24 and 48 h. GenX exposure via drinking water resulted in liver damage and disruption of lipid metabolism even at environmental concentrations. The results of triglycerides (TG) and total cholesterol (TC) in this study converged with the results of the population study, for which TG increased in the liver but unchanged in the serum, whereas TC increased in both liver and serum concentrations. KEGG and GO analyses revealed that the hepatotoxicity of GenX was associated with fatty acid transport, synthesis, and oxidation pathways and that Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor (PPARα) contributed significantly to this process. PPARα inhibitors significantly reduced the expression of CD36, CPT1β, PPARα, SLC27A1, ACOX1, lipid droplets, and TC, suggesting that GenX exerts its toxic effects through PPARα signaling pathway. In general, GenX at environmental concentrations in drinking water causes abnormal lipid metabolism via PPARα signaling pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenshan Shi
- School of Public Health, MOE Key Laboratory of Geriatric Diseases and Immunology, Suzhou Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Zengli Zhang
- School of Public Health, MOE Key Laboratory of Geriatric Diseases and Immunology, Suzhou Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Xinyu Li
- School of Public Health, MOE Key Laboratory of Geriatric Diseases and Immunology, Suzhou Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Jingsi Chen
- School of Public Health, MOE Key Laboratory of Geriatric Diseases and Immunology, Suzhou Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Xiaojun Liang
- Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Kunshan, Kunshan 215301, China
| | - Jiafu Li
- School of Public Health, MOE Key Laboratory of Geriatric Diseases and Immunology, Suzhou Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Yang M, Su W, Li H, Li L, An Z, Xiao F, Liu Y, Zhang X, Liu X, Guo H, Li A. Association of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances with hepatic steatosis and metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease among patients with acute coronary syndrome. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2023; 264:115473. [PMID: 37722302 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.115473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 09/02/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/20/2023]
Abstract
Etiology of hepatic steatosis and metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) among acute coronary syndrome (ACS) remains unclear. Existing studies suggested the potential role of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in comorbidity of hepatic steatosis among ACS patients. Therefore, we conducted a cross-sectional study based on the ACS inpatients to assess the associations of plasma PFAS congeners and mixtures with hepatic steatosis and MAFLD. This study included 546 newly diagnosed ACS patients. Twelve PFAS were quantified using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Hepatic steatosis was defined by hepatic steatosis index (HSI). MAFLD was defined as the combination of hepatic steatosis based on the risk factor calculation with metabolic abnormalities. Generalized linear model was used to examine the associations of PFAS congeners with HSI and MAFLD. Adaptive elastic net (AENET) was further used for PFAS congeners selection. Mixture effects were also assessed with Bayesian kernel machine regression model (BKMR). Congeners analysis observed significant greater percent change of HSI for each doubling in PFOS (1.82%, 95% CI: 0.87%, 2.77%), PFHxS (1.17%, 95% CI: 0.46%, 1.89%) and total PFAS (1.84%, 95% CI: 0.56%, 3.14%). Moreover, each doubling in PFOS (OR=1.42, 95% CI: 1.13, 1.81), PFHxS (OR=1.31, 95% CI: 1.09, 1.59) and total PFAS (OR=1.43, 95% CI: 1.06, 1.94) was associated with increased risk of MAFLD. In AENET regression, only PFOS presented significant positive associations with HSI. Mixture analysis indicated significant positive associations between PFAS mixtures and HSI. This is the first study to demonstrate associations of PFAS congeners and mixtures with hepatic steatosis and MAFLD among ACS patients, which provides hypothesis into the mechanisms behind comorbidity of hepatic steatosis among ACS patients, as well as tertiary prevention of ACS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ming Yang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, PR China; Center of Environmental and Health Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, PR China
| | - Weitao Su
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, PR China
| | - Haoran Li
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, PR China; Department of Pharmacy, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050000, PR China
| | - Longfei Li
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, PR China; Hebei Key Laboratory of Environment and Human Health, Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang 050017, PR China
| | - Ziwen An
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, PR China; Hebei Key Laboratory of Environment and Human Health, Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang 050017, PR China
| | - Fang Xiao
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, PR China; Hebei Key Laboratory of Environment and Human Health, Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang 050017, PR China
| | - Yi Liu
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, PR China; Hebei Key Laboratory of Environment and Human Health, Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang 050017, PR China
| | - Xiaoguang Zhang
- Core Facilities and Centers of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, PR China
| | - Xuehui Liu
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Environment and Human Health, Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang 050017, PR China
| | - Huicai Guo
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, PR China; Hebei Key Laboratory of Environment and Human Health, Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang 050017, PR China.
| | - Ang Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, PR China; Center of Environmental and Health Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Lohmann R, Letcher RJ. The universe of fluorinated polymers and polymeric substances and potential environmental impacts and concerns. CURRENT OPINION IN GREEN AND SUSTAINABLE CHEMISTRY 2023; 41:100795. [PMID: 37009204 PMCID: PMC10062242 DOI: 10.1016/j.cogsc.2023.100795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are a diverse group of surface treatment chemicals falling under non-polymeric and polymeric categories. Polymeric PFAS are comprised of fluoropolymers, perfluoropolyethers and side-chain fluorinated polymers (SCFPs). Fluorinated polymers and polymeric substances have gained a significant market due to their chemical stability. To date, research and regulatory concern has primarily focused on the environmental occurrence and health effects of non-polymeric PFAS, particularly perfluoroalkyl acids and precursors. Industries consider most fluoropolymers as being "polymers of low concern", although there is already a considerable environmental burden and widespread contamination resulting from their production, manufacturing and use. For example, SCFPs are widely used, and known to release their perfluorinated side chains. Concerted action is needed to address the dearth of environment-associated information and understanding on polymeric PFAS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rainer Lohmann
- Graduate School of Oceanography, University of Rhode Island, South Ferry Road, Narragansett, RI 02882, U.S.A
| | - Robert J. Letcher
- Ecotoxicology and Wildlife Health Division, Environment and Climate Change Canada, National Wildlife Research Centre, 1125 Colonel By Dr., (Raven Road), Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, K1A 0H3, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Association between perfluoroalkyl substances exposure and the prevalence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in the different sexes: a study from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2005-2018. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:44292-44303. [PMID: 36692718 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-25258-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
There is evidence that perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) have effects on liver toxicity, and the effects may exhibit sex differences. Our study aims to explore the association between exposure to four PFASs (perfluorooctanoic acid, PFOA; perfluorooctane sulfonate, PFOS; perfluorohexane sulfonate, PFHxS; and perfluorononanoate, PFNA) and the risk of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in adults ≥ 20 years old in the US population. The data were based on the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2005-2018. We used Poisson regression to explore the association between the four PFASs and NAFLD. We included 3464 participants; of these, 1200 (34.64%) individuals were defined as having NAFLD, and the prevalence of NAFLD was 39.52% in men and 30.40% in women. After Poisson regression, among the premenopausal and postmenopausal and total women, PFOA had a significantly positive association with NAFLD (p < 0.05). After principal component analysis, the "composite PFAS" was associated with NAFLD in postmenopausal and total women, and the RRs (95% CIs) were 1.306 (1.075, 1.586) and 1.161 (1.007, 1.339), respectively. In adults, we found that PFASs were associated with NAFLD, and the associations varied by sex, particularly for PFOA and PFNA, which had a positive association with NAFLD in women.
Collapse
|
8
|
Gao B, Tu P, Chi L, Shen W, Gao N. Perfluorooctanoic Acid-Disturbed Serum and Liver Lipidome in C57BL/6 Mice. Chem Res Toxicol 2022; 35:2252-2259. [PMID: 36484463 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.2c00239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Perfluorooctanoic acid is a manufactured material extensively utilized in industrial and consumer products. As a persistent organic pollutant, perfluorooctanoic acid has raised increasing public health concerns recently. Although perfluorooctanoic acid is known to induce lipid accumulation in the liver, the impact of perfluorooctanoic acid on different lipid classes has not been fully evaluated. In this study, we performed untargeted lipidomics analysis to investigate the impact of perfluorooctanoic acid on the lipid homeostasis in C57BL/6 male mice. Perfluorooctanoic acid disturbed the lipid profiles in serum and liver, with a variety of lipid classes significantly altered. Greater impacts were observed in the liver lipidome than the serum lipidome. In particular, some lipid clusters in the liver were altered by both high- and low-dose perfluorooctanoic acid exposure, including the increase of unsaturated triglycerides and the decrease of sphingomyelins, saturated phosphatidylcholines, saturated lysophosphatidylcholines, and phospholipid ethers. In parallel with an increase in the liver, a decrease of saturated phosphatidylcholines was found in the serum of high-dose perfluorooctanoic acid-treated mice. The findings from this study are helpful to improve the understanding of perfluorooctanoic acid-induced dysregulation of lipid metabolism and perfluorooctanoic acid-associated health effects in liver.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bei Gao
- School of Marine Sciences, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China.,Key Laboratory of Hydrometeorological Disaster Mechanism and Warning of Ministry of Water Resources, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - PengCheng Tu
- Department of Environmental Health, Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 3399 Binsheng Road, Hangzhou 310051, China
| | - Liang Chi
- Metaorganism Immunity Section, Laboratory of Immune Systems Biology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Weishou Shen
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, Collaborative In-novation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Nan Gao
- School of Biological and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Zhou Y, Qiao Y, Zhang X, Ma X, Liu H, Wang L. PFOA exposure causes variations of Acot1 among tissues in rats, and Acot1 in serum can be potentially used as a sensitive marker for health monitoring. Toxicol Res (Camb) 2022; 11:872-880. [PMID: 36337235 PMCID: PMC9618101 DOI: 10.1093/toxres/tfac065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Revised: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/04/2022] [Indexed: 10/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) is a type of 8-carbon perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) widely used in industrial and domestic products, which now is a persistent organic pollutant (POP) found in the environment. Its structure is similar to fatty acids, which enables it to induce the expression of ACOT genes. To investigate the expression levels of Acot1 in various tissues and organs after exposure to PFOA for 28 days in rats, and to compare the variations of Acot1 expression in different tissues, we sectioned samples and incubated with Acot1 antibody. The results show that the transcription and protein expression levels of Acot1 in the liver and kidney of rats increased significantly. Meanwhile, the transcription and protein expression of Acot1 gene were also detected in testis, muscle, and adipose. The results of immunohistochemistry were also verified by western blot detection, and we detected the transcription of Acot1 gene in these tissues and found that they all increased in varying degrees. In this study, the expression of Acot1 protein in rat serum was detected for the first time, and the expression of Acot1 in rat serum was found to be significantly increased after PFOA exposure. In addition, the expression level of Acot1 in rat organism was found to be higher than that in the control group after 4 days of depuration for 7 days of acute PFOA exposure, and Acot1 protein expression also showed an increase with increasing exposure time, indicating that Acot1 can be used as a sensitive biomarker for health monitoring of PFOA occupational workers or exposed persons.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yongbing Zhou
- School of Public Health, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu 233030, PR China
| | - Ying Qiao
- School of Public Health, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu 233030, PR China
| | - Xuemin Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Laboratory Medicine, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Immunology in Chronic Diseases, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu 233030, PR China
| | - Xingzhuang Ma
- School of Public Health, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu 233030, PR China
| | - Hui Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Laboratory Medicine, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Immunology in Chronic Diseases, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu 233030, PR China
| | - Li Wang
- School of Public Health, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu 233030, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Goodrich JA, Walker D, Lin X, Wang H, Lim T, McConnell R, Conti DV, Chatzi L, Setiawan VW. Exposure to perfluoroalkyl substances and risk of hepatocellular carcinoma in a multiethnic cohort. JHEP Rep 2022; 4:100550. [PMID: 36111068 PMCID: PMC9468464 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhepr.2022.100550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background & Aims Exposure to poly- and perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), a class of persistent organic pollutants, is ubiquitous. Animal studies suggest that PFAS may increase risk of fatty liver and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) via impacts on hepatic lipid, amino acid, and glucose metabolism, but human data is lacking. We examined associations between PFAS exposure, altered metabolic pathways, and risk of non-viral HCC. Methods In this nested case-control study, pre-diagnostic plasma PFAS and metabolomics were measured in 50 incident HCC cases and 50 individually matched controls from the Multiethnic Cohort (MEC) study. Cases/controls were matched by age, sex, race, and study area. PFAS exposure and risk of HCC were examined using conditional logistic regression. A metabolome-wide association study and pathway enrichment analysis was performed for PFAS exposure and HCC risk, and key metabolites/metabolic pathways were identified using a meet in the middle approach. Results High perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS) levels (90th percentile from NHANES; >55 μg/L) were associated with 4.5-fold increased risk of HCC (odds ratio 4.5, 95% CI 1.2-16.0). Pathway enrichment analysis showed that PFOS exposure was associated with alterations in amino acid and glycan biosynthesis pathways, which were also associated with HCC risk. We identified 4 metabolites linking PFOS exposure with HCC, including glucose, butyric acid (a short-chain fatty acid), α-ketoisovaleric acid (a branched-chain α-keto acid), and 7α-hydroxy-3-oxo-4-cholestenoate (a bile acid), each of which was positively associated with PFOS exposure and risk of HCC. Conclusion This proof-of-concept analysis shows that exposure to high PFOS levels was associated with increased risk of non-viral HCC, likely via alterations in glucose, amino acid, and bile acid metabolism. Larger studies are needed to confirm these findings. Lay summary Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), often referred to as “forever chemicals” because they are difficult to break down and stay in the human body for years, are extremely common and can cause liver damage. In a first of its kind study, we found that exposure to high levels of perfluorooctanesulfonic acid, one of the most common PFAS chemicals, was linked to increased risk of hepatocellular carcinoma in humans. Hepatocellular carcinoma is difficult to treat and is one of the most common forms of liver cancer, and these findings may provide new avenues for helping to prevent this disease. Associations of PFAS and risk of hepatocellular carcinoma were tested in humans. PFAS and untargeted metabolomics were assessed in pre-diagnostic samples. Exposure to high PFOS levels was linked to increased hepatocellular carcinoma risk. The likely mechanisms were via alterations in glucose, amino acid, and bile acid metabolism.
Collapse
Key Words
- Chemical exposure
- HCC, hepatocellular carcinoma
- HILIC, hydrophilic interaction chromatography
- HRMS, high-resolution mass spectrometry
- LC, liquid chromatography
- MEC, Multiethnic Cohort
- MWAS, metabolome-wide association
- NAFLD, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
- PFAS, perfluoroalkyl substances
- PFDA, perfluorodecanoate
- PFHxS, perfluorohexane sulfonate
- PFNA, perfluorononanoate
- PFOA, perfluorooctanoate
- PFOS, perfluorooctane sulfonate
- PFUnDA, perfluoroundecanoic acid
- RP, reverse phase
- SEER, Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results
- bile acid
- exposome
- hepatocellular carcinoma
- metabolic pathway
- metabolome
- perfluorinated alkyl substance
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jesse A Goodrich
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Douglas Walker
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Xiangping Lin
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Hongxu Wang
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Tiffany Lim
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Rob McConnell
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - David V Conti
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Lida Chatzi
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Veronica Wendy Setiawan
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Insight into the Impacts and Removal Pathways of Perfluorooctanoic Acid (PFOA) in Anaerobic Digestion. WATER 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/w14142255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) that accumulates in wastewater and excess sludge interact with the anaerobes and deteriorate the energy recovery and pollutants removal performance in the anaerobic digestion (AD) system. However, the interaction between PFOA and microbial metabolism in the AD systems remains unclear. This study aimed to clarify the effects and mechanism of PFOA on the AD process as well as the removal pathways of PFOA in an AD system. The results showed that the methane recovery efficiency was inhibited by 7.6–19.7% with the increased PFOA concentration of 0.5–3.0 mg/L, and the specific methanogenesis activity (SMA) was inhibited by 8.6–22.3%. The electron transfer system (ETS) was inhibited by 22.1–37.3% in the PFOA-containing groups. However, extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) gradually increased due to the toxicity of PFOA, and the ratio of protein to polysaccharide shows an upward trend, which led to the formation of sludge aggregates and resistance to the toxic of PFOA. The PFOA mass balance analysis indicated that 64.2–71.6% of PFOA was removed in the AD system, and sludge adsorption was the main removal pathway, accounting for 36.1–61.2% of the removed PFOA. In addition, the anaerobes are proposed to have the potential to reduce PFOA through biochemical degradation since 10.4–28.2% of PFOA was missing in the AD system. This study provides a significant reference for the treatment of high-strength PFOA-containing wastes.
Collapse
|
12
|
Dos Santos RS, Medina-Gali RM, Babiloni-Chust I, Marroqui L, Nadal A. In Vitro Assays to Identify Metabolism-Disrupting Chemicals with Diabetogenic Activity in a Human Pancreatic β-Cell Model. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23095040. [PMID: 35563431 PMCID: PMC9102687 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23095040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Revised: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
There is a need to develop identification tests for Metabolism Disrupting Chemicals (MDCs) with diabetogenic activity. Here we used the human EndoC-βH1 β-cell line, the rat β-cell line INS-1E and dispersed mouse islet cells to assess the effects of endocrine disruptors on cell viability and glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS). We tested six chemicals at concentrations within human exposure (from 0.1 pM to 1 µM). Bisphenol-A (BPA) and tributyltin (TBT) were used as controls while four other chemicals, namely perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), triphenylphosphate (TPP), triclosan (TCS) and dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (DDE), were used as “unknowns”. Regarding cell viability, BPA and TBT increased cell death as previously observed. Their mode of action involved the activation of estrogen receptors and PPARγ, respectively. ROS production was a consistent key event in BPA-and TBT-treated cells. None of the other MDCs tested modified viability or ROS production. Concerning GSIS, TBT increased insulin secretion while BPA produced no effects. PFOA decreased GSIS, suggesting that this chemical could be a “new” diabetogenic agent. Our results indicate that the EndoC-βH1 cell line is a suitable human β-cell model for testing diabetogenic MDCs. Optimization of the test methods proposed here could be incorporated into a set of protocols for the identification of MDCs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Reinaldo Sousa Dos Santos
- Instituto de Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación en Biotecnología Sanitaria de Elche (IDiBE), Universidad Miguel Hernández de Elche, 03202 Elche, Spain; (R.S.D.S.); (R.M.M.-G.); (I.B.-C.); (L.M.)
- CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Regla María Medina-Gali
- Instituto de Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación en Biotecnología Sanitaria de Elche (IDiBE), Universidad Miguel Hernández de Elche, 03202 Elche, Spain; (R.S.D.S.); (R.M.M.-G.); (I.B.-C.); (L.M.)
- CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ignacio Babiloni-Chust
- Instituto de Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación en Biotecnología Sanitaria de Elche (IDiBE), Universidad Miguel Hernández de Elche, 03202 Elche, Spain; (R.S.D.S.); (R.M.M.-G.); (I.B.-C.); (L.M.)
- CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura Marroqui
- Instituto de Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación en Biotecnología Sanitaria de Elche (IDiBE), Universidad Miguel Hernández de Elche, 03202 Elche, Spain; (R.S.D.S.); (R.M.M.-G.); (I.B.-C.); (L.M.)
- CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Angel Nadal
- Instituto de Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación en Biotecnología Sanitaria de Elche (IDiBE), Universidad Miguel Hernández de Elche, 03202 Elche, Spain; (R.S.D.S.); (R.M.M.-G.); (I.B.-C.); (L.M.)
- CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Costello E, Rock S, Stratakis N, Eckel SP, Walker DI, Valvi D, Cserbik D, Jenkins T, Xanthakos SA, Kohli R, Sisley S, Vasiliou V, La Merrill MA, Rosen H, Conti DV, McConnell R, Chatzi L. Exposure to per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances and Markers of Liver Injury: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2022; 130:46001. [PMID: 35475652 PMCID: PMC9044977 DOI: 10.1289/ehp10092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 62.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Experimental evidence indicates that exposure to certain pollutants is associated with liver damage. Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are persistent synthetic chemicals widely used in industry and consumer products and bioaccumulate in food webs and human tissues, such as the liver. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to conduct a systematic review of the literature and meta-analysis evaluating PFAS exposure and evidence of liver injury from rodent and epidemiological studies. METHODS PubMed and Embase were searched for all studies from earliest available indexing year through 1 December 2021 using keywords corresponding to PFAS exposure and liver injury. For data synthesis, results were limited to studies in humans and rodents assessing the following indicators of liver injury: serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT), nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, or steatosis. For human studies, at least three observational studies per PFAS were used to conduct a weighted z-score meta-analysis to determine the direction and significance of associations. For rodent studies, data were synthesized to qualitatively summarize the direction and significance of effect. RESULTS Our search yielded 85 rodent studies and 24 epidemiological studies, primarily of people from the United States. Studies focused primarily on legacy PFAS: perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS), perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA), and perfluorohexanesulfonic acid. Meta-analyses of human studies revealed that higher ALT levels were associated with exposure to PFOA (z-score= 6.20, p<0.001), PFOS (z-score= 3.55, p<0.001), and PFNA (z-score= 2.27, p=0.023). PFOA exposure was also associated with higher aspartate aminotransferase and gamma-glutamyl transferase levels in humans. In rodents, PFAS exposures consistently resulted in higher ALT levels and steatosis. CONCLUSION There is consistent evidence for PFAS hepatotoxicity from rodent studies, supported by associations of PFAS and markers of liver function in observational human studies. This review identifies a need for additional research evaluating next-generation PFAS, mixtures, and early life exposures. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP10092.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Costello
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Sarah Rock
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Nikos Stratakis
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Sandrah P. Eckel
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Douglas I. Walker
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Damaskini Valvi
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Dora Cserbik
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Todd Jenkins
- Division of Pediatric General and Thoracic Surgery, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Stavra A. Xanthakos
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Rohit Kohli
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Stephanie Sisley
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Vasilis Vasiliou
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Michele A. La Merrill
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - Hugo Rosen
- Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - David V. Conti
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Rob McConnell
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Leda Chatzi
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Guo P, Furnary T, Vasiliou V, Yan Q, Nyhan K, Jones DP, Johnson CH, Liew Z. Non-targeted metabolomics and associations with per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) exposure in humans: A scoping review. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2022; 162:107159. [PMID: 35231839 PMCID: PMC8969205 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2022.107159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Revised: 01/29/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To summarize the application of non-targeted metabolomics in epidemiological studies that assessed metabolite and metabolic pathway alterations associated with per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) exposure. RECENT FINDINGS Eleven human studies published before April 1st, 2021 were identified through database searches (PubMed, Dimensions, Web of Science Core Collection, Embase, Scopus), and citation chaining (Citationchaser). The sample sizes of these studies ranged from 40 to 965, involving children and adolescents (n = 3), non-pregnant adults (n = 5), or pregnant women (n = 3). High-resolution liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry was the primary analytical platform to measure both PFAS and metabolome. PFAS were measured in either plasma (n = 6) or serum (n = 5), while metabolomic profiles were assessed using plasma (n = 6), serum (n = 4), or urine (n = 1). Four types of PFAS (perfluorooctane sulfonate(n = 11), perfluorooctanoic acid (n = 10), perfluorohexane sulfonate (n = 9), perfluorononanoic acid (n = 5)) and PFAS mixtures (n = 7) were the most studied. We found that alterations to tryptophan metabolism and the urea cycle were most reported PFAS-associated metabolomic signatures. Numerous lipid metabolites were also suggested to be associated with PFAS exposure, especially key metabolites in glycerophospholipid metabolism which is critical for biological membrane functions, and fatty acids and carnitines which are relevant to the energy supply pathway of fatty acid oxidation. Other important metabolome changes reported included the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle regarding energy generation, and purine and pyrimidine metabolism in cellular energy systems. CONCLUSIONS There is growing interest in using non-targeted metabolomics to study the human physiological changes associated with PFAS exposure. Multiple PFAS were reported to be associated with alterations in amino acid and lipid metabolism, but these results are driven by one predominant type of pathway analysis thus require further confirmation. Standardizing research methods and reporting are recommended to facilitate result comparison. Future studies should consider potential differences in study methodology, use of prospective design, and influence from confounding bias and measurement errors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pengfei Guo
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, USA; Yale Center for Perinatal, Pediatric, and Environmental Epidemiology, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, USA
| | - Tristan Furnary
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, USA
| | - Vasilis Vasiliou
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, USA
| | - Qi Yan
- Department of Epidemiology, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, USA
| | - Kate Nyhan
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, USA; Harvey Cushing / John Hay Whitney Medical Library, Yale University, New Haven, USA
| | - Dean P Jones
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, USA; Department of Biochemistry, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, USA
| | - Caroline H Johnson
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, USA
| | - Zeyan Liew
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, USA; Yale Center for Perinatal, Pediatric, and Environmental Epidemiology, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Li R, Guo C, Lin X, Chan TF, Su M, Zhang Z, Lai KP. Integrative omics analysis reveals the protective role of vitamin C on perfluorooctanoic acid-induced hepatoxicity. J Adv Res 2022; 35:279-294. [PMID: 35024202 PMCID: PMC8721266 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2021.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Revised: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) is a compound used as an industrial surfactant in chemical processes worldwide. Population and cross-sectional studies have demonstrated positive correlations between PFOA levels and human health problems. Objectives Many studies have focused on the hepatotoxicity and liver problems caused by PFOA, with little attention to remediation of these problems. As an antioxidant, vitamin C is frequently utilized as a supplement for hepatic detoxification. Methods In this study, we use a mouse model to study the possible role of vitamin C in reducing PFOA-induced liver damage. Based on comparative transcriptomic and metabolomic analysis, we elucidate the mechanisms underlying the protective effect of vitamin C. Results Our results show that vitamin C supplementation reduces signs of PFOA-induced liver damage including total cholesterol and triglyceride levels increase, liver damage markers aspartate, transaminase, and alanine aminotransferase elevation, and liver enlargement. Further, we show that the protective role of vitamin C is associated with signaling networks control, suppressing linoleic acid metabolism, reducing thiodiglycolic acid, and elevating glutathione in the liver. Conclusion The findings in this study demonstrate, for the first time, the utility of vitamin C for preventing PFOA-induced hepatotoxicity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rong Li
- Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Integrative Omics, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, PR China
| | - Chao Guo
- Department of Pharmacy, Guigang City People's Hospital, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Guigang, Guangxi, PR China
| | - Xiao Lin
- School of Life Sciences, Hong Kong Bioinformatics Centre, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - Ting Fung Chan
- School of Life Sciences, Hong Kong Bioinformatics Centre, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - Min Su
- Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Integrative Omics, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, PR China
| | | | - Keng Po Lai
- Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Integrative Omics, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
PARPs in lipid metabolism and related diseases. Prog Lipid Res 2021; 84:101117. [PMID: 34450194 DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2021.101117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Revised: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
PARPs and tankyrases (TNKS) represent a family of 17 proteins. PARPs and tankyrases were originally identified as DNA repair factors, nevertheless, recent advances have shed light on their role in lipid metabolism. To date, PARP1, PARP2, PARP3, tankyrases, PARP9, PARP10, PARP14 were reported to have multi-pronged connections to lipid metabolism. The activity of PARP enzymes is fine-tuned by a set of cholesterol-based compounds as oxidized cholesterol derivatives, steroid hormones or bile acids. In turn, PARPs modulate several key processes of lipid homeostasis (lipotoxicity, fatty acid and steroid biosynthesis, lipoprotein homeostasis, fatty acid oxidation, etc.). PARPs are also cofactors of lipid-responsive nuclear receptors and transcription factors through which PARPs regulate lipid metabolism and lipid homeostasis. PARP activation often represents a disruptive signal to (lipid) metabolism, and PARP-dependent changes to lipid metabolism have pathophysiological role in the development of hyperlipidemia, obesity, alcoholic and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, type II diabetes and its complications, atherosclerosis, cardiovascular aging and skin pathologies, just to name a few. In this synopsis we will review the evidence supporting the beneficial effects of pharmacological PARP inhibitors in these diseases/pathologies and propose repurposing PARP inhibitors already available for the treatment of various malignancies.
Collapse
|
17
|
Salter DM, Wei W, Nahar PP, Marques E, Slitt AL. Perfluorooctanesulfonic Acid (PFOS) Thwarts the Beneficial Effects of Calorie Restriction and Metformin. Toxicol Sci 2021; 182:82-95. [PMID: 33844015 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfab043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
A combination of calorie restriction (CR), dietary modification, and exercise is the recommended therapy to reverse obesity and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. In the liver, CR shifts hepatic metabolism from lipid storage to lipid utilization pathways, such as AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK). Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS), a fluorosurfactant previously used in stain repellents and anti-stick materials, can increase hepatic lipids in mice following relatively low-dose exposures. To test the hypothesis that PFOS administration interferes with CR, adult male C57BL/6N mice were fed ad libitum or a 25% reduced calorie diet concomitant with either vehicle (water) or 100 μg PFOS/kg/day via oral gavage for 6 weeks. CR alone improved hepatic lipids and glucose tolerance. PFOS did not significantly alter CR-induced weight loss, white adipose tissue mass, or liver weight over 6 weeks. However, PFOS increased hepatic triglyceride accumulation, in both mice fed ad libitum and subjected to CR. This was associated with decreased phosphorylated AMPK expression in liver. Glucagon (100 nM) treatment induced glucose production in hepatocytes, which was further upregulated with PFOS (2.5 μM) co-treatment. Next, to explore whether the observed changes were related to AMPK signaling, HepG2 cells were treated with metformin or AICAR alone or in combination with PFOS (25 μM). PFOS interfered with glucose-lowering effects of metformin, and AICAR treatment partially impaired PFOS-induced increase in glucose production. In 3T3-L1 adipocytes, metformin was less effective with PFOS co-treatment. Overall, PFOS administration disrupted hepatic lipid and glucose homeostasis and interfered with beneficial glucose-lowering effects of CR and metformin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Deanna M Salter
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, Rhode Island 02881, USA
| | - Wei Wei
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, Rhode Island 02881, USA
| | - Pragati P Nahar
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, Rhode Island 02881, USA
| | - Emily Marques
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, Rhode Island 02881, USA
| | - Angela L Slitt
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, Rhode Island 02881, USA
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Xu B, Liu S, Zhou JL, Zheng C, Weifeng J, Chen B, Zhang T, Qiu W. PFAS and their substitutes in groundwater: Occurrence, transformation and remediation. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 412:125159. [PMID: 33951855 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.125159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Revised: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Poly- and perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are increasingly investigated due to their global occurrence and potential human health risk. The ban on PFOA and PFOS has led to the use of novel substitutes such as GenX, F-53B and OBS. This paper reviews the studies on the occurrence, transformation and remediation of major PFAS i.e. PFOA, PFNA, PFBA, PFOS, PFHxS, PFBS and the three substitutes in groundwater. The data indicated that PFOA, PFBA, PFOS and PFBS were present at high concentrations up to 21,200 ng L-1 while GenX and F-53B were found up to 30,000 ng L-1 and 0.18-0.59 ng L-1, respectively. PFAS in groundwater are from direct sources e.g. surface water and soil. PFAS remediation methods based on membrane, redox, sorption, electrochemical and photocatalysis are analyzed. Overall, photocatalysis is considered to be an ideal technology with low cost and high degradation efficacy for PFAS removal. Photocatalysis could be combined with electrochemical or membrane filtration to become more advantageous. GenX, F-53B and OBS in groundwater treatment by UV/sulfite system and electrochemical oxidation proved effective. The review identified gaps such as the immobilization and recycling of materials in groundwater treatment, and recommended visible light photocatalysis for future studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bentuo Xu
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Ecological Treatment Technology for Urban Water Pollution, School of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Shuai Liu
- Research Institute of Poyang Lake, Jiangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanchang 330012, China
| | - John L Zhou
- Centre for Green Technology, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, 15 Broadway, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Chunmiao Zheng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Soil and Groundwater Pollution Control, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Integrated Surface Water-Groundwater Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Jin Weifeng
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Ecological Treatment Technology for Urban Water Pollution, School of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Bei Chen
- Fisheries Research Institute of Fujian, Xiamen 361013, China
| | - Ting Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Soil and Groundwater Pollution Control, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Integrated Surface Water-Groundwater Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Wenhui Qiu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Soil and Groundwater Pollution Control, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Integrated Surface Water-Groundwater Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Fragki S, Dirven H, Fletcher T, Grasl-Kraupp B, Bjerve Gützkow K, Hoogenboom R, Kersten S, Lindeman B, Louisse J, Peijnenburg A, Piersma AH, Princen HMG, Uhl M, Westerhout J, Zeilmaker MJ, Luijten M. Systemic PFOS and PFOA exposure and disturbed lipid homeostasis in humans: what do we know and what not? Crit Rev Toxicol 2021; 51:141-164. [PMID: 33853480 DOI: 10.1080/10408444.2021.1888073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Associations between per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) and increased blood lipids have been repeatedly observed in humans, but a causal relation has been debated. Rodent studies show reverse effects, i.e. decreased blood cholesterol and triglycerides, occurring however at PFAS serum levels at least 100-fold higher than those in humans. This paper aims to present the main issues regarding the modulation of lipid homeostasis by the two most common PFASs, PFOS and PFOA, with emphasis on the underlying mechanisms relevant for humans. Overall, the apparent contrast between human and animal data may be an artifact of dose, with different molecular pathways coming into play upon exposure to PFASs at very low versus high levels. Altogether, the interpretation of existing rodent data on PFOS/PFOA-induced lipid perturbations with respect to the human situation is complex. From a mechanistic perspective, research on human liver cells shows that PFOS/PFOA activate the PPARα pathway, whereas studies on the involvement of other nuclear receptors, like PXR, are less conclusive. Other data indicate that suppression of the nuclear receptor HNF4α signaling pathway, as well as perturbations of bile acid metabolism and transport might be important cellular events that require further investigation. Future studies with human-relevant test systems would help to obtain more insight into the mechanistic pathways pertinent for humans. These studies shall be designed with a careful consideration of appropriate dosing and toxicokinetics, so as to enable biologically plausible quantitative extrapolations. Such research will increase the understanding of possible perturbed lipid homeostasis related to PFOS/ PFOA exposure and the potential implications for human health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Styliani Fragki
- Centre for Health Protection, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Hubert Dirven
- Department of Environmental Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Tony Fletcher
- Centre for Radiation, Chemical and Environmental Hazards, Public Health England (PHE), Chilton, UK
| | - Bettina Grasl-Kraupp
- Institute of Cancer Research, Medical University of Vienna, Borschkegasse 8a, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Ron Hoogenboom
- Wageningen Food Safety Research (WFSR), Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Sander Kersten
- Nutrition, Metabolism and Genomics Group, Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Birgitte Lindeman
- Department of Environmental Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jochem Louisse
- Wageningen Food Safety Research (WFSR), Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Ad Peijnenburg
- Wageningen Food Safety Research (WFSR), Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Aldert H Piersma
- Centre for Health Protection, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, The Netherlands.,Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Hans M G Princen
- Metabolic Health Research, The Netherlands Organization of Applied Scientific Research (TNO), Gaubius Laboratory, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Maria Uhl
- Environment Agency Austria (EAA), Vienna, Austria
| | - Joost Westerhout
- Risk Analysis for Products In Development, The Netherlands Organization of Applied Scientific Research (TNO), Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Marco J Zeilmaker
- Centre for Nutrition, Prevention and Health Services, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, the Netherlands
| | - Mirjam Luijten
- Centre for Health Protection, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Jain RB, Ducatman A. Associations between apolipoprotein B and selected perfluoroalkyl substances among diabetics and nondiabetics. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 28:13819-13828. [PMID: 33196992 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-11593-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2019] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Previous population investigation of perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) features associations with lipids in a number of populations; these investigations have seldom included consideration of apolipoproteins. Apolipoprotein B (Apo B) fractions were considered in this descriptive analysis because they are essential to the assembly, transport, and cellular uptake of lipid classes associated with poorer health outcomes, and they are associated with incident and prevalent disease. Regression models stratified by diabetes and lipid lowering medication (LLM) status for data from National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey for 2007-2014 were fitted to interrogate associations between selected PFAS and Apo B for US adults aged ≥ 20 years. Adjusted concentrations of Apo B were positively associated with perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA β = 0.03878, p < 0.01), perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS β = .02029, p = 0.02), and perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA β = .01968, p = .03) for nondiabetics who were not taking lipid lowering medications. These associations were not seen among diabetic participants, except for perfluorodecanoic acid (PFDA) in those taking LLMs (β = 0.03831, p = 0.02). We also note that LLMs have an inferred greater impact on Apo B in the diabetics compared to the nondiabetic populations. We have considered several sources of confounding and think the data are most consistent with a weak causal association that PFAS exposure increases Apo B. The rodent toxicology literature also contains evidence that PFAS disrupt fatty acid trafficking including Apo B, although how the specific findings may relate to circulating human Apo B concentrations is unclear. We therefore advocate for attempts to replicate the findings in other populations and to consider additional types of mechanistic studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ram B Jain
- Independent Researcher, 2959 Estate View Ct, Dacula, GA, 30019, USA.
| | - Alan Ducatman
- West Virginian School of Public Health, Morgantown, WV, USA
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Schrenk D, Bignami M, Bodin L, Chipman JK, del Mazo J, Grasl‐Kraupp B, Hogstrand C, Hoogenboom L(R, Leblanc J, Nebbia CS, Nielsen E, Ntzani E, Petersen A, Sand S, Vleminckx C, Wallace H, Barregård L, Ceccatelli S, Cravedi J, Halldorsson TI, Haug LS, Johansson N, Knutsen HK, Rose M, Roudot A, Van Loveren H, Vollmer G, Mackay K, Riolo F, Schwerdtle T. Risk to human health related to the presence of perfluoroalkyl substances in food. EFSA J 2020; 18:e06223. [PMID: 32994824 PMCID: PMC7507523 DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2020.6223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 223] [Impact Index Per Article: 55.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The European Commission asked EFSA for a scientific evaluation on the risks to human health related to the presence of perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) in food. Based on several similar effects in animals, toxicokinetics and observed concentrations in human blood, the CONTAM Panel decided to perform the assessment for the sum of four PFASs: PFOA, PFNA, PFHxS and PFOS. These made up half of the lower bound (LB) exposure to those PFASs with available occurrence data, the remaining contribution being primarily from PFASs with short half-lives. Equal potencies were assumed for the four PFASs included in the assessment. The mean LB exposure in adolescents and adult age groups ranged from 3 to 22, the 95th percentile from 9 to 70 ng/kg body weight (bw) per week. Toddlers and 'other children' showed a twofold higher exposure. Upper bound exposure was 4- to 49-fold higher than LB levels, but the latter were considered more reliable. 'Fish meat', 'Fruit and fruit products' and 'Eggs and egg products' contributed most to the exposure. Based on available studies in animals and humans, effects on the immune system were considered the most critical for the risk assessment. From a human study, a lowest BMDL 10 of 17.5 ng/mL for the sum of the four PFASs in serum was identified for 1-year-old children. Using PBPK modelling, this serum level of 17.5 ng/mL in children was estimated to correspond to long-term maternal exposure of 0.63 ng/kg bw per day. Since accumulation over time is important, a tolerable weekly intake (TWI) of 4.4 ng/kg bw per week was established. This TWI also protects against other potential adverse effects observed in humans. Based on the estimated LB exposure, but also reported serum levels, the CONTAM Panel concluded that parts of the European population exceed this TWI, which is of concern.
Collapse
|
22
|
Cheng X, Liu N, Liu H, Huang N, Sun X, Zhang G. Bioinformatic and biochemical findings disclosed anti-hepatic steatosis mechanism of calycosin. Bioorg Chem 2020; 100:103914. [PMID: 32417523 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2020.103914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2020] [Revised: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
As revealed in previous reports, calycosin is a functional flavonoid characterized with identified pharmacological activities. Most of evidences are used to demonstrate the anti-cancer benefits of calycosin, however, the existing study of anti-fatty liver medicated by calycosin is limitedly reported. Recently, an emerging avenue based on network pharmacology may contribute to excavate the biological targets and molecular mechanisms of calycosin for anti-fatty liver. In confirmatory experiments, the human and animal studies were subjected to verify some of bioinformatic results. Accordingly, bioinformatic data based on network pharmacology suggested that discoverable biotargets of calycosin for anti-fatty liver were aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH2), Niemann pick C1 (NPC1), high mobility group protein 1 (HMGB1), bilirubin UDP glucuronosyltransferase 1 (UGT1A1), mitogen-activated protein kinase 3 (MAPK3), epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), hydroxytryptamine receptor 2 (HTR2), migration inhibitory factor (MIF), cytochrome P450, family 19A1 (CYP19A1). Furthermore, all significant biological characteristics and mechanisms of to treat fatty liver were revealed in several. In human findings, the blood tests showed changed glucose and lipid contents, elevated insulin resistance and inflammatory stress. And fatty liver sections from patients resulted in negative expressions of ALDH2, NPC1, and positive HMGB1 expression. In a study in vivo, calycosin-treated high fat diet (HFD)-fed mice exhibited reduced liver weights, decreased fasting serum glucose and insulin, liver functional transaminases, blood lipids, metabolic enzymes, and inflammatory cytokines. And the data in gene tests displayed up-regulations of ALDH2, NPC1 mRNAs, and down-regulation of HMGB1 mRNA in calycosin-treated liver samples. Together, the current bioinformatic data demonstrate biological targets, functions and mechanisms of calycosin for anti-fatty liver. Interestingly, these bioinformatic findings can be partially verified with clinical and animal samples.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xuebing Cheng
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Na Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | | | - Na Huang
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Xiaodong Sun
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Guangdong Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Wen Y, Mirji N, Irudayaraj J. Epigenetic toxicity of PFOA and GenX in HepG2 cells and their role in lipid metabolism. Toxicol In Vitro 2020; 65:104797. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2020.104797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Revised: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
|
24
|
Jin R, McConnell R, Catherine C, Xu S, Walker DI, Stratakis N, Jones DP, Miller GW, Peng C, Conti DV, Vos MB, Chatzi L. Perfluoroalkyl substances and severity of nonalcoholic fatty liver in Children: An untargeted metabolomics approach. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2020; 134:105220. [PMID: 31744629 PMCID: PMC6944061 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2019.105220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Revised: 09/23/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Toxicant-associated steatohepatitis has been described in adults but less is known regarding the role of toxicants in liver disease of children. Perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) cause hepatic steatosis in rodents, but few previous studies have examined PFAS effects on severity of liver injury in children. OBJECTIVES We aimed to examine the relationship of PFAS to histologic severity of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in children. METHODS Seventy-four children with physician-diagnosed NAFLD were recruited from Children's Healthcare of Atlanta between 2007 and 2015. Biopsy-based liver histological features were scored for steatosis, lobular and portal inflammation, ballooning, and fibrosis. Plasma concentrations of perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) and perfluorohexane sulfonic acid (PFHxS), and untargeted plasma metabolomic profiling, were determined using liquid chromatography with high-resolution mass spectrometry. A metabolome-wide association study coupled with pathway enrichment analysis was performed to evaluate metabolic dysregulation associated with PFAS. A structural integrated analysis was applied to identify latent clusters of children with more severe form of NAFLD based on their PFAS levels and metabolite pattern. RESULTS Patients were 7-19 years old, mostly boys (71%), Hispanic (51%), and obese (85%). The odds of having nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), compared to children with steatosis alone, was significantly increased with each interquartile range (IQR) increase of PFOS (OR: 3.32, 95% CI: 1.40-7.87) and PFHxS (OR: 4.18, 95% CI: 1.64-10.7). Each IQR increase of PFHxS was associated with increased odds for liver fibrosis (OR: 4.44, 95% CI: 1.34-14.8), lobular inflammation (OR: 2.87, 95% CI: 1.12-7.31), and higher NAFLD activity score (β coefficient 0.46; 95% CI: 0.03, 0.89). A novel integrative analysis identified a cluster of children with NASH, characterized by increased PFAS levels and altered metabolite patterns including higher plasma levels of phosphoethanolamine, tyrosine, phenylalanine, aspartate and creatine, and decreased plasma levels of betaine. CONCLUSIONS Ηigher PFAS exposure was associated with more severe disease in children with NAFLD. PFAS may be an important toxicant contributing to NAFLD progression; however larger, longitudinal studies are warranted to confirm these findings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ran Jin
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
| | - Rob McConnell
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
| | - Cioffi Catherine
- Nutrition and Health Sciences Program, Laney Graduate School, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.
| | - Shujing Xu
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
| | - Douglas I Walker
- Clinical Biomarkers Laboratory, Division of Pulmonary Allergy, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA; Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.
| | - Nikos Stratakis
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
| | - Dean P Jones
- Clinical Biomarkers Laboratory, Division of Pulmonary Allergy, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.
| | - Gary W Miller
- Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.
| | - Cheng Peng
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
| | - David V Conti
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
| | - Miriam B Vos
- Nutrition and Health Sciences Program, Laney Graduate School, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA; Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA, USA.
| | - Leda Chatzi
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Wahlang B, Jin J, Beier JI, Hardesty JE, Daly EF, Schnegelberger RD, Falkner KC, Prough RA, Kirpich IA, Cave MC. Mechanisms of Environmental Contributions to Fatty Liver Disease. Curr Environ Health Rep 2019; 6:80-94. [PMID: 31134516 PMCID: PMC6698418 DOI: 10.1007/s40572-019-00232-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Fatty liver disease (FLD) affects over 25% of the global population and may lead to liver-related mortality due to cirrhosis and liver cancer. FLD caused by occupational and environmental chemical exposures is termed "toxicant-associated steatohepatitis" (TASH). The current review addresses the scientific progress made in the mechanistic understanding of TASH since its initial description in 2010. RECENT FINDINGS Recently discovered modes of actions for volatile organic compounds and persistent organic pollutants include the following: (i) the endocrine-, metabolism-, and signaling-disrupting chemical hypotheses; (ii) chemical-nutrient interactions and the "two-hit" hypothesis. These key hypotheses were then reviewed in the context of the steatosis adverse outcome pathway (AOP) proposed by the US Environmental Protection Agency. The conceptual understanding of the contribution of environmental exposures to FLD has progressed significantly. However, because this is a new research area, more studies including mechanistic human data are required to address current knowledge gaps.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Banrida Wahlang
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA
- University of Louisville Superfund Research Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA
| | - Jian Jin
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA
| | - Juliane I Beier
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
- Pittsburgh Liver Research Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Josiah E Hardesty
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA
| | - Erica F Daly
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA
| | - Regina D Schnegelberger
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - K Cameron Falkner
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA
| | - Russell A Prough
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA
| | - Irina A Kirpich
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA
- Hepatobiology & Toxicology COBRE Center, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA
- University of Louisville Alcohol Research Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA
| | - Matthew C Cave
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA.
- University of Louisville Superfund Research Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA.
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA.
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA.
- Hepatobiology & Toxicology COBRE Center, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA.
- University of Louisville Alcohol Research Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA.
- The Robley Rex Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Louisville, KY, 40206, USA.
- The Jewish Hospital Liver Transplant Program, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA.
- Kosair Charities Clinical & Translational Research Building, 505 South Hancock Street, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Xu X, Guo C, Liang X, Li R, Chen J. Potential biomarker of fibroblast growth factor 21 in valproic acid-treated livers. Biofactors 2019; 45:740-749. [PMID: 31120577 DOI: 10.1002/biof.1519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Accepted: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Valproic acid (VPA) is a clinical medicine primarily prescribed to control epileptic symptoms. VPA has potential side-effects, such as hepatotoxicity. Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) is a functional cytokine for metabolic regulation. In this article, we aimed to evaluate the possible clinical application of FGF21 in VPA-treated livers in early undetected liver injury (EULI). METHODS Methodologically, plasma samples of VPA-treated epileptic patients were isolated for biochemical and high-performance liquid chromatography tests. In addition, VPA-dosed mice were subjected to determinations of serological parameters, key regulatory effectors and FGF21 expressions through biochemical analyses, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, immunohistochemistry stain, immunofluorescence stain, and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) test, respectively. RESULTS The serological data suggested that VPA-treated epileptic patients showed visibly elevated FGF21 contents in plasma samples. However, other diagnostic parameters showed inconspicuous changes. As revealed in animal study, VPA-dosed mice exhibited undetected morphological alterations and hormonal changes in the liver, pancreas, and kidneys. Furthermore, serological parameters and key regulatory proteins in VPA-dosed livers and controls showed inconspicuous changes. Interestingly, endogenous FGF21 expressions in VPA-dosed mice were increased in sera. In further experiments, the findings showed that intracellular expressions of FGF21 mRNA and protein were upregulated in VPA-dosed livers as revealed in RT-PCR and immunoassay. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, these preliminary data reveal that functional FGF21 cytokine may serve as a potent predictor in VPA-related EULI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxiao Xu
- Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Microenvironmental Regulation, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, China
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, China
| | - Chao Guo
- Department of Pharmacy, Guigang City People's Hospital, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Guigang, China
| | - Xiaoliu Liang
- College of Pharmacy, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Rong Li
- Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Microenvironmental Regulation, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, China
| | - Jian Chen
- Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Microenvironmental Regulation, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, China
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, China
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Zhou R, Wu K, Su M, Li R. Bioinformatic and experimental data decipher the pharmacological targets and mechanisms of plumbagin against hepatocellular carcinoma. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2019; 70:103200. [PMID: 31158732 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2019.103200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2019] [Revised: 05/24/2019] [Accepted: 05/25/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Plumbagin exerts effective anti-hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) benefits, however, the detailed mechanisms behind these effects are not yet completely elucidated. The pharmacological targets and molecular mechanisms of plumbagin against HCC were revealed through conducting network pharmacology approach before experimentative verification. METHODS The web-accessible databases of herbal ingredients' targets (HIT), Swiss-Target-Prediction and Super-Pred were used to predict the therapeutic targets of plumbagin, followed by combined with pathogenic targets of HCC from oncogenomic database of hepatocellular carcinoma (OncoDB.HCC) and Liverome databases to obtain the predominant targets of plumbagin-treating HCC. The database for annotation, visualization and integrated discovery (DAVID) was applied to output the gene ontology (GO) annotation and Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment by use of all predominant targets for computerized visualization. The validated data of human and cell culture were subjected to a group of medical imaging, biochemical tests and immunostaining, respectively. RESULTS As revealed in bioinformatic data, 19 predominant targets of plumbagin-treating HCC were obtained, and 5 top targets of TP53, MAPK1, MAP2K1, RAF1 and CCND1 were the most important biomolecules in anti-HCC effects exerted by plumbagin. Other identifiable 102 GO items were showed, including 66 biological processes, and 12 cellular components, 24 molecular functions. And 67 KEGG pathways were mainly involved in neoplastic signaling. In human data, HCC sections showed increased expressions of hepatocellular TP53, MAPK1, accompanied with positive clinical imaging results for HCC. In plumbagin-treated HepG2 cells, reduced TP53, MAPK1 protein expressions were observed, accompanied with cell arrest and apoptosis. CONCLUSION Collectively, the pharmacological targets and mechanisms of plumbagin-treating HCC were predicted and integrated through the method of network pharmacology, followed by some investigative validations. Interestingly, these 5 predominant biomolecules may be the potential targets for screening and treating HCC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rui Zhou
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Guigang City People's Hospital, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Guigang, Guangxi, PR China
| | - Ka Wu
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second People's Hospital of Nanning City, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Guangxi, Nanning, PR China
| | - Min Su
- Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Microenvironmental Regulation, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, PR China
| | - Rong Li
- Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Microenvironmental Regulation, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Liang X, Wu K, Liu M, Yang B. Adverse impact of carbon tetrachloride on metabolic function in mice. J Cell Biochem 2019; 120:11973-11980. [PMID: 30775809 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.28481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2018] [Revised: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 01/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Carbon tetrachloride (CCl4 ), a potent hepatotoxin, is linked to the histopathological outcomes of inflammatory or oxidative stress, and cell death. However, further study of additional dysmetabolism induced by CCl 4 toxicant has not yet been investigated. In current study, chronical and acute exposures of CCl 4 in mice were used to unmask the biological molecular mechanism responsible for insulin-dependent metabolic disorder. In experimental methods, a number of biochemical assays were used in assessment of biological impacts on insulin-produced pancreas and insulin-responsive hepatocyte after long- and short-term exposures of CCl 4 toxicant, respectively. As a result, data from oral glucose tolerance test showed that CCl 4 exposures induced glucose tolerance and disrupted blood insulin and glucagon levels time-dependently. Meanwhile, biochemical and histocytological analyses further indicated that CCl 4 exposures significantly resulted in liver cell damage, induced abnormal changes of hepatic and skeletal glycogen synthesis. In addition, acute CCl 4 -exposed mice showed reduced functional proteins of glucose transporter 2 (GLUT2), insulin receptor β, insulin receptor substrate 1, glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3β), p-AKT Ser473 associated with AKT signaling pathway in liver cells, whereas acute CCl 4 exposure downregulated the endogenous expressions of the insulin and glucagon hormonal proteins in the pancreas. Taken together, the current findings highlight that CCl 4 impaired insulin-dependent glucose homeostasis through modulating hepatocellular AKT signaling pathway in acute CCl 4 exposure and GLUT2/GSK3β pathway in chronic CCl 4 -exposed liver cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoliu Liang
- College of Pharmacy, Guangxi Medical University, Guangxi, Nanning, P. R. China
| | - Ka Wu
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second People's Hospital of Nanning City, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Guangxi, Nanning, P. R. China
| | - Meizhen Liu
- College of Pharmacy, Guangxi Medical University, Guangxi, Nanning, P. R. China
| | - Bin Yang
- College of Pharmacy, Guangxi Medical University, Guangxi, Nanning, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Liang X, Xie G, Wu X, Su M, Yang B. Effect of prenatal PFOS exposure on liver cell function in neonatal mice. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:18240-18246. [PMID: 31041707 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-05245-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2018] [Revised: 03/13/2019] [Accepted: 04/22/2019] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS), a hepatotoxic pollutant, is detected in the human cord blood, and it may induce health risk to an embryo. In this study, we established intrauterine exposure to PFOS in mice to evaluate potential impacts of PFOS on postnatal day 1 (PND1) offspring through conducting biochemical tests, quantitative PCR, and immunostaining. As results, PFOS-exposed maternal mice showed marked hepatomegaly and induced liver steatosis in a high dose of 5 mg PFOS/kg. In PND1 mice, intrahepatic contents of triglyceride, total cholesterol, and LDL were elevated by high-dose PFOS exposure, while intracellular HDL content was decreased. As shown in quantitative PCR, functional messenger RNAs of cytochrome P4A14 (CYP4A14) for fatty acid oxidation, CD36 for hepatic fatty acid uptake, and apolipoprotein B100 (APOB) and fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) for hepatic export of lipids in PND1 livers were changed when compared to those in PFOS-free controls. In further validations, immunofluorescence stains showed that hepatic CYP4A14 and CD36 immunoreactive cells were increased in PFOS-exposed PND1 mice. In addition, reduced immunofluorescence-positive cells of APOB and FGF21 were observed in PND1 livers. Collectively, these preliminary findings demonstrate that prenatal exposure to PFOS may affect lipid metabolism in liver cells of PND1 mice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoliu Liang
- College of Pharmacy, Guangxi Medical University, 22 Shuangyong Road, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Guojie Xie
- Department of Gynecology, Guigang City People's Hospital, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Guigang, 537100, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinmou Wu
- College of Pharmacy, Guangxi Medical University, 22 Shuangyong Road, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Min Su
- Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Microenvironmental Regulation, Guilin Medical University, Huan Cheng North 2nd Road 109, Guilin, 541004, People's Republic of China.
| | - Bin Yang
- College of Pharmacy, Guangxi Medical University, 22 Shuangyong Road, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China.
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Li D, Zhang L, Zhang Y, Guan S, Gong X, Wang X. Maternal exposure to perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) causes liver toxicity through PPAR-α pathway and lowered histone acetylation in female offspring mice. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:18866-18875. [PMID: 31062244 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-05258-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2018] [Accepted: 04/22/2019] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The study was conducted to investigate the liver toxicity in female offspring mice induced by maternal exposure to perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA). Fifty pregnant Kunming mice were randomly divided into 5 groups with 10 of each, which were treated with 0.2 mL PFOA solution dissolved with deionized water at 0, 1, 2.5, 5, and 10 mg/kg BW, respectively, from the pregnancy day (PND) 0 to day 17. Female offspring mice were sacrificed to collect serum and liver at postpartum day 21. The results showed that PFOA significantly reduced the body weight at weaning and the survival rate of the female offspring mice (P < 0.01) increased the liver index of the pups (P < 0.01). Meanwhile, PFOA also caused hepatic bleeding, local necrosis, and enlargement of hepatocytes and vacuolization. The levels of serum AST, ALT, SOD, and CAT in PFOA treatment group were upregulated significantly (P < 0.01). The expressions of Acot1, Acox1, and Acsl1 genes were increased significantly (P < 0.01). The expression of PPAR-α gene was decreased significantly (P < 0.01). There was no significant difference in the expression of Cpt1a gene among the 5 groups. HAT activity was reduced significantly and HDAC activity was increased significantly. The expression of anti-acetyl-histone H3 and acetyl-histone H4 was reduced significantly. Thus, our findings indicate that exposure to PFOA during pregnancy affects the growth and development of the pups and causes liver damage, disrupting the secretion of enzymes involved in fatty acid oxidation induced by PPAR-α, leading to liver oxidative stress and a decrease in the degree of histone acetylation. Elevated HDAC may aggravate downstream fatty acid metabolism disorders through PPAR-α.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Danyang Li
- College of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Agricultural University of Hebei, Baoding, 071001, China
| | - Linchao Zhang
- College of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Agricultural University of Hebei, Baoding, 071001, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- College of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Agricultural University of Hebei, Baoding, 071001, China
| | - Shuo Guan
- College of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Agricultural University of Hebei, Baoding, 071001, China
| | - Xincheng Gong
- College of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Agricultural University of Hebei, Baoding, 071001, China
| | - Xiaodan Wang
- College of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Agricultural University of Hebei, Baoding, 071001, China.
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Therapeutic targets of vitamin C on liver injury and associated biological mechanisms: A study of network pharmacology. Int Immunopharmacol 2019; 66:383-387. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2018.11.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2018] [Revised: 11/23/2018] [Accepted: 11/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
|
32
|
Su M, Liang X, Xu X, Wu X, Yang B. Hepatoprotective benefits of vitamin C against perfluorooctane sulfonate-induced liver damage in mice through suppressing inflammatory reaction and ER stress. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2019; 65:60-65. [PMID: 30551094 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2018.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2018] [Revised: 12/01/2018] [Accepted: 12/04/2018] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Our previous studies show that vitamin C (VC) plays promising hepatoprotection in mice. Intrahepatic exposure of perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) can induce dose-dependent cytotoxicity. However, pharmacology-based assessment of VC on PFOS remains uninvestigated. This study aimed to evaluate the therapeutic benefits of VC on inhibiting PFOS-induced liver steatosis in mice, followed by representative biochemical analysis and immunoassay. As results, VC was beneficial for reduced PFOS-induced liver damages, as showed in reductions of serological levels of transaminases (ALT and AST), lipids (TG and TC), fasting glucose and insulin, inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α and IL6), while content of fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) in serum was increased. In addition, VC reduced histiocytic changes of PFOS-lesioned livers, as revealed in reduced TNF-α-labeled cells and increased FGF21-labeled cells in immunofluorescence assay. Further, intrahepatic expressions of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-based ATF6, eIF2α, GRP78, XBP1 proteins were down-regulated by treatments of VC. Taken together, our preliminary findings set forth that VC exerts pharmacological benefits against PFOS-induced liver steatosis in mice, and the underlying biological mechanism may be linked to suppressing hepatocellular inflammatory reaction and ER stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Min Su
- Faculty of Basic Medicine, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, 541004, PR China
| | - Xiaoliu Liang
- College of Pharmacy, Guangxi Medical University, Guangxi, Nanning, 530021, PR China
| | - Xiaoxiao Xu
- Faculty of Basic Medicine, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, 541004, PR China
| | - Xinmou Wu
- College of Pharmacy, Guangxi Medical University, Guangxi, Nanning, 530021, PR China
| | - Bin Yang
- College of Pharmacy, Guangxi Medical University, Guangxi, Nanning, 530021, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Qiao J, Li L, Ma Y, Shi R, Teng M. Biological function of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 on type 2 diabetes patients and diabetic mice. Curr Res Transl Med 2018; 67:89-92. [PMID: 30591375 DOI: 10.1016/j.retram.2018.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Revised: 12/10/2018] [Accepted: 12/19/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Type 2 diabetes (TD2) is a sustained metabolic disorder, characterized by high blood glucose, insulin resistance (IR). Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP4) functions as an antigenic enzyme involved in hyperglycaemia, oxidative stress, and inflammation-associated IR. Therefore, association between DPP4 and TD2 warrants to be investigated. METHODS In this study, blood samples of clinically diagnosed TD2 patients were harvested for biochemical tests. In addition, diabetic mice induced by high-fat diet (HFD) and single dose of streptozotocin (STZ) were used to assess the biological characteristics of DPP4 through biochemical and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) tests, immunofluorescence staining, and western blot assay. RESULTS Compared to controls, the clinical data of patients with TD2 resulted in increased contents of fasting blood glucose (FBG), glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), homeostatic model assessment (HOMA)-IR, blood lipids of triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein (LDL-C), and interleukin 6 (IL6) in plasma samples (p < 0.05). Notably, blood levels of DPP4 in TD2 patients were increased significantly in comparison to that in non-diabetic adults (p < 0.01). In animal study, diabetic mice showed increased levels of glucose, insulin, lipids, DPP4 activity in sera. Visibly, hepatocellular DPP4 expression was up-regulated in diabetic mice. Interestingly, DPP4 inhibitor-treated mice showed significantly reduced DPP4 expression in serum (p < 0.01), and lowered DPP4-positive cells and protein content in the liver were observed when compared to those in diabetic mice (p < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS Collectively, these findings reveal that DPP4 biomolecule may be positively associated with TD2 development, and the underlying mechanism may be attributed to activation of DPP4 expression in liver cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Qiao
- Department of VIP, Gaomi People's Hospital, Shandong, China.
| | - Lei Li
- Department of VIP, Gaomi People's Hospital, Shandong, China
| | - Yanchun Ma
- Department of Ophthalmology, Gaomi People's Hospital, Shandong, China
| | - Ruhui Shi
- Department of Endocrinology, Gaomi People's Hospital, Shandong, China
| | - Mei Teng
- Department of VIP, Gaomi People's Hospital, Shandong, China
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Wu K, Guo C, Yang B, Wu X, Wang W. Antihepatotoxic benefits of Poria cocos polysaccharides on acetaminophen-lesioned livers in vivo and in vitro. J Cell Biochem 2018; 120:7482-7488. [PMID: 30378160 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.28022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2018] [Accepted: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
In our previous study, preliminary data indicates that Poria cocos polysaccharides (PCP) shows beneficial hepatoprotection against acetaminophen (APAP)-induced liver injury in mice. However, biological molecular mechanism warrants to be further discussed. In current study, a number of biochemical tests and immunoassays were subjected to respective PCP-dosed mice in vivo and liver cells in vitro. As a result, PCP-treated mice showed reduced contents of inflammatory cytokines (tumor necrosis factor [TNF]-β and TNFsR-I), enzymological molecules (alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, and lactate dehydrogenase [LDL]), and heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90) after APAP exposure. Additionally, immunostaining assays exhibited that lowered-positive cells of cleaved-caspase-3, cleaved-poly ADP ribose polymerase, and Hsp90-labeled cells in PCP-treated livers were observed, and increased cluster of differentiation 29 (CD29), CD73-positive cells in the spleen were detected. Further, PCP-treated mouse liver cells resulted in increased cell growth, reduced LDL level. Increased proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), P38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)-labeled cells and decreased Hsp90-positive cells in APAP-exposed liver cells were observed dose-dependently after PCP cotreatments. Collectively, our present experimental findings elucidate that PCP beneficially play hepatoprotective effects against APAP-lesioned liver cells in vivo and in vitro, potentially through the molecular mechanisms of suppressing cell death, reducing hepatocellular inflammatory stress and Hsp90 bioactivity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ka Wu
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second People's Hospital of Nanning City, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Chao Guo
- Department of Pharmacy, Guigang City People's Hospital, The Eighth Affiliated of Guangxi Medical University, Guigang, China
| | - Bin Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, Guangxi Medical University, Guilin, China
| | - Xinmou Wu
- Department of Pharmacy, Guangxi Medical University, Guilin, China
| | - Weimin Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second People's Hospital of Nanning City, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Qin X, Xie G, Wu X, Xu X, Su M, Yang B. Prenatal exposure to perfluorooctanoic acid induces nerve growth factor expression in cerebral cortex cells of mouse offspring. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 25:18914-18920. [PMID: 29717428 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-2117-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2017] [Accepted: 04/24/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies have showed perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) inducing cytotoxicity in an organ. In addition, epidemiological data show that high level of PFOA in cord blood of a pregnant woman is detected. Therefore, we extrapolate that circulating PFOA may affect organogenesis in offspring, such as the brain. In this study, intrauterine exposure to PFOA in mice was used to characterize the potential impacts of prenatal PFOA exposure on cerebral cortex cells of postnatal 21 (PND21) offspring. In an ex vivo cell model, PND21-based cortex cells were exposed to PFOA or/and nerve growth factor (NGF)-specific inhibitor before further biochemical assays. As results, biochemical data showed increased trends of liver metabolic enzymes in sera of PFOA-treated PND21 mice. Interestingly, PFOA-treated PND21 mice resulted in increased levels of NGF in sera and cortex cells. In addition, PFOA-exposed cerebral cortex cells induced NGF and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) expressions, while exposure to PFOA/NGF-specific inhibitor downregulated expressions of NGF and PCNA. In addition, Nissl-labeled, NGF-positive cells, and NGF protein expression in cortex cells of PFOA-treated PND21 mice were upregulated, respectively. Further, immunoblotting assays showed that intracephalic poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) and p42/44 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) proliferation-regulated protein levels were elevated in PFOA-treated cortex cells. Taken together, our current findings indicate that the prenatal PFOA exposure may induce proliferation of cerebral cortex cells in PND21 mice through promoting intracephalic NGF expression in the cortex.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xingyue Qin
- Department of Neurology (Area Two), Guigang City People's Hospital, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Guigang, 537100, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Guojie Xie
- Department of Gynecology, Guigang City People's Hospital, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Guigang, Guangxi, 537100, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinmou Wu
- College of Pharmacy, Guangxi Medical University, 22 Shuangyong Road, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Xu
- Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Microenvironmental Regulation, Guilin Medical University, Huan Cheng North 2nd Road 109, Guilin, 541004, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Min Su
- Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Microenvironmental Regulation, Guilin Medical University, Huan Cheng North 2nd Road 109, Guilin, 541004, Guangxi, People's Republic of China.
| | - Bin Yang
- College of Pharmacy, Guangxi Medical University, 22 Shuangyong Road, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China.
| |
Collapse
|