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Tanveer S, Ilyas N, Akhtar N, Akhtar N, Bostan N, Hasnain Z, Niaz A, Zengin G, Gafur A, Fitriatin BN. Unlocking the interaction of organophosphorus pesticide residues with ecosystem: Toxicity and bioremediation. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 249:118291. [PMID: 38301757 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.118291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
Organophosphorus adulteration in the environment creates terrestrial and aquatic pollution. It causes acute and subacute toxicity in plants, humans, insects, and animals. Due to the excessive use of organophosphorus pesticides, there is a need to develop environmentally friendly, economical, and bio-based strategies. The microbiomes, that exist in the soil, can reduce the devastating effects of organophosphates. The use of cell-free enzymes and yeast is also an advanced method for the degradation of organophosphates. Plant-friendly bacterial strains, that exist in the soil, can help to degrade these contaminants by oxidation-reduction reactions, enzymatic breakdown, and adsorption. The bacterial strains mostly from the genus Bacillus, Pseudomonas, Acinetobacter, Agrobacterium, and Rhizobium have the ability to hydrolyze the bonds of organophosphate compounds like profenofos, quinalphos, malathion, methyl-parathion, and chlorpyrifos. The native bacterial strains also promote the growth abilities of plants and help in detoxification of organophosphate residues. This bioremediation technique is easy to use, relatively cost-effective, very efficient, and ensures the safety of the environment. This review covers the literature gap by describing the major effects of organophosphates on the ecosystem and their bioremediation by using native bacterial strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadaf Tanveer
- Department of Botany, PMAS Arid Agriculture University Rawalpindi, Pakistan.
| | - Noshin Ilyas
- Department of Botany, PMAS Arid Agriculture University Rawalpindi, Pakistan.
| | - Nosheen Akhtar
- Department of Botany, PMAS Arid Agriculture University Rawalpindi, Pakistan.
| | - Nazish Akhtar
- Department of Botany, PMAS Arid Agriculture University Rawalpindi, Pakistan.
| | - Nageen Bostan
- Department of Botany, PMAS Arid Agriculture University Rawalpindi, Pakistan.
| | - Zuhair Hasnain
- Department of Agronomy, PMAS Arid Agriculture University Rawalpindi, Pakistan.
| | - Abdullah Niaz
- Pesticide Residue Laboratory, Institute of Soil Chemistry & Environmental Sciences, Kala Shah Kaku, Punjab, Pakistan.
| | - Gokhan Zengin
- Department of Biology, Science Faculty, Selcuk University, 42130, Konya, Turkey.
| | - Abdul Gafur
- Sinarmas Forestry Corporate Research and Development, Perawang, 28772, Indonesia.
| | - Betty Natalie Fitriatin
- Department of Soil Science and Land Resouces Management, Agriculture Faculty, Universitas Padjadjaran, Indonesia.
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Ch LD, Bharath Y, Bliznashka L, Kumar T. V, Jonnala V, Chekka V, Yebushi S, Roy A, Venkateshmurthy NS, Prabhakaran P, Jaacks LM. Evidence of potential impacts of a nutrition-sensitive agroecology program in Andhra Pradesh, India, on dietary diversity, nutritional status, and child development. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0286356. [PMID: 38739580 PMCID: PMC11090352 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0286356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION While a number of studies have examined the nutritional impacts of agroecological interventions, few have examined impacts on child development, maternal and child anemia, and men's dietary diversity. Moreover, there have been few such evaluations at scale. We evaluated the impact of a large-scale, multi-component food-based nutrition intervention involving homestead food production, nutrition counselling, cooking demonstrations, and crop planning exercises. METHODS A cross-sectional assessment was conducted in 2021-2022 of 50 intervention villages where the nutrition-sensitive agroecology program had been implemented since 2018 and 79 control villages where only the agroecology program had been implemented. Data on self-reported dietary intake, caregiver-reported early child development, anthropometric measurements, and hemoglobin concentrations were collected using standardized procedures by trained Nutrition Farming Fellows, who were also responsible for implementing the program. RESULTS A sample of 3,511 households (1,121 intervention and 2,390 control) participated in the survey. Dietary diversity scores (DDS) among women and men were mean (SD) 6.53 (±1.62) and 6.16 (±1.65), respectively, in intervention villages and 5.81 (±1.58) and 5.39 (±1.61), respectively, in control villages (p<0.01). DDS among children 6-24 months of age in intervention and control villages was 2.99 (±1.52) and 2.73 (±1.62), respectively (p<0.01). Children <2 years of age were less likely to be anemic in intervention versus control villages (59% versus 69%, p<0.01). Children 18-35 months age in intervention villages had higher child development scores than children in control villages (all p<0.05). CONCLUSION Nutrition-sensitive agroecological programs may be effective in improving diets, nutrition, and child development in rural India.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Lilia Bliznashka
- Global Academy of Agriculture and Food Systems, The University of Edinburgh, Midlothian, United Kingdom
- International Food Policy Research Institute, Washington, DC, United States of America
| | | | | | | | | | - Aditi Roy
- Public Health Foundation of India, New Delhi, India
| | | | | | - Lindsay M. Jaacks
- Global Academy of Agriculture and Food Systems, The University of Edinburgh, Midlothian, United Kingdom
- Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
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Oskar S, Balalian AA, Stingone JA. Identifying critical windows of prenatal phenol, paraben, and pesticide exposure and child neurodevelopment: Findings from a prospective cohort study. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 920:170754. [PMID: 38369152 PMCID: PMC10960968 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.170754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 02/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aimed to investigate how exposure to a mixture of endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) during two points in pregnancy affects early childhood neurodevelopment. METHODS We analyzed publicly-available data from a high-risk cohort of mothers and their children (2007-2014) that measured six EDCs including methyl-, ethyl- and propyl parabens (MEPB, ETPB, PRPB), Bisphenol-A (BPA), 3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinol (TCPy), 3-phenoxybenzoic acid (3-PBA) in prenatal urine samples during the second and third trimesters. Neurodevelopmental scores were assessed using Mullen Scales of Early Learning (MSEL) at age 3. We used mean field variational Bayes for lagged kernel machine regression (MFVB-LKMR) to investigate the association between trimester-specific co-exposure to the six EDCs and MSEL scores at age 3, stratified by sex. RESULTS The analysis included 130 children. For females, the relationship between BPA and 3PBA with MSEL score varied between the two trimesters. In the second trimester, effect estimates for BPA were null but inversely correlated with MSEL score in the third trimester. 3PBA had a negative relationship with MSEL in the second trimester and positive correlation in the third trimester. For males, effect estimates for all EDCs were in opposing directions across trimesters. MFVB-LKMR analysis identified significant two-way interaction between EDCs for MSEL scores in both trimesters. For example, in females, the MSEL scores associated with increased exposure to TCPy were 1.75 units (95%credible interval -0.04, -3.47) lower in the 2nd trimester and 4.61 (95%CI -3.39, -5.84) lower in the third trimester when PRPB was fixed at the 75th percentile compared to when PRPB was fixed at the 25th percentile. CONCLUSION Our study provides evidence that timing of EDC exposure within the prenatal period may impact neurodevelopmental outcomes in children. More of these varying effects were identified among females. Future research is needed to explore EDC mixtures and the timing of exposure during pregnancy to enhance our understanding of how these chemicals impact child health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabine Oskar
- Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Arin A Balalian
- Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jeanette A Stingone
- Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY, USA
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4
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Oh J, Kim K, Kannan K, Parsons PJ, Mlodnicka A, Schmidt RJ, Schweitzer JB, Hertz-Picciotto I, Bennett DH. Early childhood exposure to environmental phenols and parabens, phthalates, organophosphate pesticides, and trace elements in association with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms in the CHARGE study. Environ Health 2024; 23:27. [PMID: 38486233 PMCID: PMC10938747 DOI: 10.1186/s12940-024-01065-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A growing body of literature investigated childhood exposure to environmental chemicals in association with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms, but limited studies considered urinary mixtures of multiple chemical classes. This study examined associations of concurrent exposure to non-persistent chemicals with ADHD symptoms in children diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), developmental delay (DD), and typical development (TD). METHODS A total of 549 children aged 2-5 years from the Childhood Autism Risks from Genetics and Environment (CHARGE) case-control study were administered the Aberrant Behavior Checklist (ABC). This study focused on the ADHD/noncompliance subscale and its two subdomains (hyperactivity/impulsivity, inattention). Sixty-two chemicals from four classes (phenols/parabens, phthalates, organophosphate pesticides, trace elements) were quantified in child urine samples, and 43 chemicals detected in > 70% samples were used to investigate their associations with ADHD symptoms. Negative binomial regression was used for single-chemical analysis, and weighted quantile sum regression with repeated holdout validation was applied for mixture analysis for each chemical class and all chemicals. The mixture analyses were further stratified by diagnostic group. RESULTS A phthalate metabolite mixture was associated with higher ADHD/noncompliance scores (median count ratio [CR] = 1.10; 2.5th, 97.5th percentile: 1.00, 1.21), especially hyperactivity/impulsivity (median CR = 1.09; 2.5th, 97.5th percentile: 1.00, 1.25). The possible contributors to these mixture effects were di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP) metabolites and mono-2-heptyl phthalate (MHPP). These associations were likely driven by children with ASD as these were observed among children with ASD, but not among TD or those with DD. Additionally, among children with ASD, a mixture of all chemicals was associated with ADHD/noncompliance and hyperactivity/impulsivity, and possible contributors were 3,4-dihydroxy benzoic acid, DEHP metabolites, MHPP, mono-n-butyl phthalate, and cadmium. CONCLUSIONS Early childhood exposure to a phthalate mixture was associated with ADHD symptoms, particularly among children with ASD. While the diverse diagnostic profiles limited generalizability, our findings suggest a potential link between phthalate exposure and the comorbidity of ASD and ADHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiwon Oh
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of California at Davis (UC Davis), Davis, CA, USA.
| | - Kyoungmi Kim
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of California at Davis (UC Davis), Davis, CA, USA
- UC Davis MIND (Medical Investigations of Neurodevelopmental Disorders) Institute, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Kurunthachalam Kannan
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, NY, USA
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, NY, USA
| | - Patrick J Parsons
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, NY, USA
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, NY, USA
| | - Agnieszka Mlodnicka
- UC Davis MIND (Medical Investigations of Neurodevelopmental Disorders) Institute, Sacramento, CA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California at Davis (UC Davis), Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Rebecca J Schmidt
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of California at Davis (UC Davis), Davis, CA, USA
- UC Davis MIND (Medical Investigations of Neurodevelopmental Disorders) Institute, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Julie B Schweitzer
- UC Davis MIND (Medical Investigations of Neurodevelopmental Disorders) Institute, Sacramento, CA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California at Davis (UC Davis), Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Irva Hertz-Picciotto
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of California at Davis (UC Davis), Davis, CA, USA
- UC Davis MIND (Medical Investigations of Neurodevelopmental Disorders) Institute, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Deborah H Bennett
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of California at Davis (UC Davis), Davis, CA, USA
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Sagiv SK, Baker JM, Rauch S, Gao Y, Gunier RB, Mora AM, Kogut K, Bradman A, Eskenazi B, Reiss AL. Prenatal and childhood exposure to organophosphate pesticides and functional brain imaging in young adults. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 242:117756. [PMID: 38016496 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.117756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Revised: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Early life exposure to organophosphate (OP) pesticides has been linked with poorer neurodevelopment from infancy to adolescence. In our Center for the Health Assessment of Mothers and Children of Salinas (CHAMACOS) birth cohort, we previously reported that residential proximity to OP use during pregnancy was associated with altered cortical activation using functional near infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) in a small subset (n = 95) of participants at age 16 years. METHODS We administered fNIRS to 291 CHAMACOS young adults at the 18-year visit. Using covariate-adjusted regression models, we estimated associations of prenatal and childhood urinary dialkylphosphates (DAPs), non-specific OP metabolites, with cortical activation in the frontal, temporal, and parietal regions of the brain during tasks of executive function and semantic language. RESULTS There were some suggestive associations for prenatal DAPs with altered activation patterns in both the inferior frontal and inferior parietal lobes of the left hemisphere during a task of cognitive flexibility (β per ten-fold increase in DAPs = 3.37; 95% CI: -0.02, 6.77 and β = 3.43; 95% CI: 0.64, 6.22, respectively) and the inferior and superior frontal pole/dorsolateral prefrontal cortex of the right hemisphere during the letter retrieval working memory task (β = -3.10; 95% CI: -6.43, 0.22 and β = -3.67; 95% CI: -7.94, 0.59, respectively). We did not observe alterations in cortical activation with prenatal DAPs during a semantic language task or with childhood DAPs during any task. DISCUSSION We observed associations of prenatal OP concentrations with mild alterations in cortical activation during tasks of executive function. Associations with childhood exposure were null. This is reasonably consistent with studies of prenatal OPs and neuropsychological measures of attention and executive function found in CHAMACOS and other birth cohorts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharon K Sagiv
- Center for Environmental Research and Community Health (CERCH), School of Public Health, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA.
| | - Joseph M Baker
- Center for Interdisciplinary Brain Sciences Research, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Stephen Rauch
- Center for Environmental Research and Community Health (CERCH), School of Public Health, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Yuanyuan Gao
- Center for Interdisciplinary Brain Sciences Research, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Robert B Gunier
- Center for Environmental Research and Community Health (CERCH), School of Public Health, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Ana M Mora
- Center for Environmental Research and Community Health (CERCH), School of Public Health, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Katherine Kogut
- Center for Environmental Research and Community Health (CERCH), School of Public Health, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Asa Bradman
- Center for Environmental Research and Community Health (CERCH), School of Public Health, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA; Department of Public Health, University of California, Merced, CA, USA
| | - Brenda Eskenazi
- Center for Environmental Research and Community Health (CERCH), School of Public Health, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA.
| | - Allan L Reiss
- Center for Interdisciplinary Brain Sciences Research, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA; Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA; Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
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Goodman CV, Green R, DaCosta A, Flora D, Lanphear B, Till C. Sex difference of pre- and post-natal exposure to six developmental neurotoxicants on intellectual abilities: a systematic review and meta-analysis of human studies. Environ Health 2023; 22:80. [PMID: 37978510 PMCID: PMC10655280 DOI: 10.1186/s12940-023-01029-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Early life exposure to lead, mercury, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), polybromide diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), organophosphate pesticides (OPPs), and phthalates have been associated with lowered IQ in children. In some studies, these neurotoxicants impact males and females differently. We aimed to examine the sex-specific effects of exposure to developmental neurotoxicants on intelligence (IQ) in a systematic review and meta-analysis. METHOD We screened abstracts published in PsychINFO and PubMed before December 31st, 2021, for empirical studies of six neurotoxicants (lead, mercury, PCBs, PBDEs, OPPs, and phthalates) that (1) used an individualized biomarker; (2) measured exposure during the prenatal period or before age six; and (3) provided effect estimates on general, nonverbal, and/or verbal IQ by sex. We assessed each study for risk of bias and evaluated the certainty of the evidence using Navigation Guide. We performed separate random effect meta-analyses by sex and timing of exposure with subgroup analyses by neurotoxicant. RESULTS Fifty-one studies were included in the systematic review and 20 in the meta-analysis. Prenatal exposure to developmental neurotoxicants was associated with decreased general and nonverbal IQ in males, especially for lead. No significant effects were found for verbal IQ, or postnatal lead exposure and general IQ. Due to the limited number of studies, we were unable to analyze postnatal effects of any of the other neurotoxicants. CONCLUSION During fetal development, males may be more vulnerable than females to general and nonverbal intellectual deficits from neurotoxic exposures, especially from lead. More research is needed to examine the nuanced sex-specific effects found for postnatal exposure to toxic chemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carly V Goodman
- Faculty of Health, York University, Toronto, M3J 1P3, ON, Canada.
| | - Rivka Green
- Faculty of Health, York University, Toronto, M3J 1P3, ON, Canada
| | - Allya DaCosta
- Faculty of Health, York University, Toronto, M3J 1P3, ON, Canada
| | - David Flora
- Faculty of Health, York University, Toronto, M3J 1P3, ON, Canada
| | - Bruce Lanphear
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Christine Till
- Faculty of Health, York University, Toronto, M3J 1P3, ON, Canada
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Kongkaew N, Hengphasatporn K, Injongkol Y, Mee-Udorn P, Shi L, Mahalapbutr P, Maitarad P, Harada R, Shigeta Y, Rungrotmongkol T, Vangnai AS. Design of electron-donating group substituted 2-PAM analogs as antidotes for organophosphate insecticide poisoning. RSC Adv 2023; 13:32266-32275. [PMID: 37928857 PMCID: PMC10620644 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra03087c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The use of organophosphate (OPs) pesticides is widespread in agriculture and horticulture, but these chemicals can be lethal to humans, causing fatalities and deaths each year. The inhibition of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) by OPs leads to the overstimulation of cholinergic receptors, ultimately resulting in respiratory arrest, seizures, and death. Although 2-pralidoxime (2-PAM) is the FDA-approved drug for treating OP poisoning, there is difficulty in blood-brain barrier permeation. To address this issue, we designed and evaluated a series of 2-PAM analogs by substituting electron-donating groups on the para and/or ortho positions of the pyridinium core using in silico techniques. Our PCM-ONIOM2 (MP2/6-31G*:PM7//B3LYP/6-31G*:UFF) binding energy results demonstrated that 13 compounds exhibited higher binding energy than 2-PAM. The analog with phenyl and methyl groups substituted on the para and ortho positions, respectively, showed the most favorable binding characteristics, with aromatic residues in the active site (Y124, W286, F297, W338, and Y341) and the catalytic residue S203 covalently bonding with paraoxon. The results of DS-MD simulation revealed a highly favorable apical conformation of the potent analog, which has the potential to enhance reactivation of AChE. Importantly, newly designed compound demonstrated appropriate drug-likeness properties and blood-brain barrier penetration. These results provide a rational guide for developing new antidotes to treat organophosphate insecticide toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nalinee Kongkaew
- Program in Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Graduate School, Chulalongkorn University Bangkok 10330 Thailand
| | - Kowit Hengphasatporn
- Center for Computational Sciences, University of Tsukuba 1-1-1 Tennodai Tsukuba Ibaraki 305-8577 Japan
| | - Yuwanda Injongkol
- Program in Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Graduate School, Chulalongkorn University Bangkok 10330 Thailand
| | - Pitchayathida Mee-Udorn
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology 113 Thailand Science Park Pathumthani 12120 Thailand
| | - Liyi Shi
- Research Center of Nano Science and Technology, Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Shanghai University Shanghai 200444 China
- Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Advanced Special Steel, Research Center of Nano Science and Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai University Shanghai 200444 China
| | - Panupong Mahalapbutr
- Department of Biochemistry, Center for Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University Khon Kaen 40002 Thailand
| | - Phornphimon Maitarad
- Research Center of Nano Science and Technology, Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Shanghai University Shanghai 200444 China
- Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Advanced Special Steel, Research Center of Nano Science and Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai University Shanghai 200444 China
| | - Ryuhei Harada
- Center for Computational Sciences, University of Tsukuba 1-1-1 Tennodai Tsukuba Ibaraki 305-8577 Japan
| | - Yasuteru Shigeta
- Center for Computational Sciences, University of Tsukuba 1-1-1 Tennodai Tsukuba Ibaraki 305-8577 Japan
| | - Thanyada Rungrotmongkol
- Program in Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Graduate School, Chulalongkorn University Bangkok 10330 Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Biocatalyst and Sustainable Biotechnology, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University Bangkok 10330 Thailand
| | - Alisa S Vangnai
- Center of Excellence in Biocatalyst and Sustainable Biotechnology, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University Bangkok 10330 Thailand
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Delorenzi Schons D, Leite GAA. Malathion or diazinon exposure and male reproductive toxicity: a systematic review of studies performed with rodents. Crit Rev Toxicol 2023; 53:506-520. [PMID: 37922518 DOI: 10.1080/10408444.2023.2270494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/05/2023]
Abstract
Malathion and diazinon are pesticides commonly used in agriculture to avoid insects that damage crops; however, they may cause impairment to the male genital system of exposed humans. The present work carried out a systematic review of the literature concerning the primary studies that assessed the reproductive effects resulting from male rats and mice exposed to malathion or diazinon. The search for articles was performed on the databases PubMed, LILACS, Scopus, and SciELO, using different combinations of the search terms "malathion," "diazinon," "mice," "rats," "male reproduction," "fertility," and "sperm," followed by the Boolean operators AND or OR. The results obtained indicate that both pesticides act as reproductive toxicants by reducing sperm quality, diminishing hormonal concentrations, inducing increased oxidative stress, and provoking histopathological damage in reproductive organs. Then, the exposure to malathion and diazinon may provoke diminished levels of testosterone by increasing acetylcholine stimulation in the testis through muscarinic receptors, thus, providing a reduction in steroidogenic activity in Leydig cells, whose effect is related to lower levels of testosterone in rodents, and consequently, it is associated with decreased fertility. Considering the toxic effects on the male genital system of rodents and the possible male reproductive toxicity in humans, it is recommended the decreased use of these pesticides and their replacement for others that show no or few toxic effects for non-target animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Delorenzi Schons
- Laboratório de Reprodução e Toxicologia (Laretox), Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Gabriel Adan Araújo Leite
- Laboratório de Reprodução e Toxicologia (Laretox), Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
- Departamento de Biologia Celular, Embriologia e Genética, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
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9
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Bliznashka L, Roy A, Christiani DC, Calafat AM, Ospina M, Diao N, Mazumdar M, Jaacks LM. Pregnancy pesticide exposure and child development in low- and middle-income countries: A prospective analysis of a birth cohort in rural Bangladesh and meta-analysis. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0287089. [PMID: 37294794 PMCID: PMC10256216 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0287089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite considerable evidence on a negative association between pregnancy pesticide exposure and child development in high-income countries, evidence from low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) is limited. Therefore, we assessed associations between pregnancy pesticide exposure and child development in rural Bangladesh and summarised existing literature in a systematic review and meta-analysis. METHODS We used data from 284 mother-child pairs participating in a birth cohort established in 2008. Eight urinary pesticide biomarkers were quantified in early pregnancy (mean gestational age 11.6±2.9 weeks) as an index of pesticide exposure. The Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development, Third Edition were administered at 20-40 months of age. Associations between creatinine-adjusted urinary pesticide biomarker concentrations and child development scores were estimated using multivariable generalised linear models. We searched ten databases up to November 2021 to identify prospective studies on pregnancy pesticide exposure and child development conducted in LMICs. We used a random-effects model to pool similar studies, including our original analysis. The systematic review was pre-registered with PROSPERO: CRD42021292919. RESULTS In the Bangladesh cohort, pregnancy 2-isopropyl-4-methyl-6-hydroxypyrimidine (IMPY) concentrations were inversely associated with motor development (-0.66 points [95% CI -1.23, -0.09]). Pregnancy 3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinol (TCPY) concentrations were inversely associated with cognitive development, but the association was small: -0.02 points (-0.04, 0.01). We observed no associations between 4-nitrophenol and 3-phenoxybenzoic acid (3-PBA) concentrations and child development. The systematic review included 13 studies from four LMICs. After pooling our results with one other study, we found consistent evidence that pregnancy 3-PBA concentrations were not associated with cognitive, language, or motor development. CONCLUSION Evidence suggests that pregnancy exposure to some organophosphate pesticides is negatively associated with child development. Interventions to reduce in-utero pesticide exposure in LMICs may help protect child development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lilia Bliznashka
- Nutrition, Diets, and Health Unit, International Food Policy Research Institute, Washington, DC, United States of America
- Global Academy of Agriculture and Food Systems, University of Edinburgh, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Aditi Roy
- Center for Environmental Health, Public Health Foundation of India, New Delhi, India
| | - David C. Christiani
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Antonia M. Calafat
- Division of Laboratory Sciences, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, United States of America
| | - Maria Ospina
- Division of Laboratory Sciences, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, United States of America
| | - Nancy Diao
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Maitreyi Mazumdar
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States of America
- Department of Neurology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Lindsay M. Jaacks
- Global Academy of Agriculture and Food Systems, University of Edinburgh, Scotland, United Kingdom
- Center for Environmental Health, Public Health Foundation of India, New Delhi, India
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Ramos AM, Herring AH, Villanger GD, Thomsen C, Sakhi AK, Cequier E, Aase H, Engel SM. The association of prenatal phthalates, organophosphorous pesticides, and organophosphate esters with early child language ability in Norway. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 225:115508. [PMID: 36813071 PMCID: PMC10071760 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.115508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prenatal exposure to phthalates, organophosphate esters, and organophosphorous pesticides have been associated with neurodevelopmental deficits including language ability, however, few studies consider the effect of exposure mixtures and the potential longitudinal detriments over time. OBJECTIVE This study examines the influence of prenatal exposure to phthalates, organophosphate esters, and organophosphorous pesticides, on children's language ability from toddlerhood to the preschool period. METHODS This study includes 299 mother-child dyads from Norway in the Norwegian Mother, Father and Child Cohort Study (MoBa). Prenatal exposure to chemicals were assessed at 17 weeks' gestation, and child language skills were assessed at 18 months using the Ages and Stages Questionnaire communication subscale and at preschool age using the Child Development Inventory. We ran two structural equation models to examine the simultaneous influences of chemical exposures on parent-reported and teacher-reported child language ability. RESULTS Prenatal organophosphorous pesticides were negatively associated with preschool language ability through language ability at 18 months. Additionally, there was a negative association between low molecular weight phthalates and teacher-reported preschool language ability. There was no effect of prenatal organophosphate esters on child language ability at either 18 months or preschool age. CONCLUSIONS This study adds to the literature on prenatal exposure to chemicals and neurodevelopment and highlights the importance of developmental pathways in early childhood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda M Ramos
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
| | - Amy H Herring
- Department of Statistical Science, Global Health, Biostatistics & Bioinformatics, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Gro D Villanger
- Department of Child Health and Development, Division of Mental and Physical Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Cathrine Thomsen
- Department of Environmental Health, Division of Infection Control and Environmental Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Amrit K Sakhi
- Department of Environmental Health, Division of Infection Control and Environmental Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Enrique Cequier
- Department of Environmental Health, Division of Infection Control and Environmental Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Heidi Aase
- Department of Child Health and Development, Division of Mental and Physical Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Stephanie M Engel
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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de Andrade JC, Galvan D, Kato LS, Conte-Junior CA. Consumption of fruits and vegetables contaminated with pesticide residues in Brazil: A systematic review with health risk assessment. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 322:138244. [PMID: 36841459 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.138244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Revised: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Brazil is the third largest exporter of fruits and vegetables in the world and, consequently, uses large amounts of pesticides. Food contamination with pesticide residues (PRs) is a serious concern, especially in developing countries. Several research reports revealed that some Brazilian farmers spray pesticides on fruits and vegetables in large quantities, generating PRs after harvest. Thus, ingestion of food contaminated with PRs can cause adverse health effects. Based on information obtained through a systematic review of essential information from 33 articles, we studied the assessment of potential health risks associated with fruit and vegetable consumption in children and adults from Brazilian states. This study identified 111 PRs belonging to different chemical groups, mainly organophosphates and organochlorines, in 26 fruit and vegetable samples consumed and exported by Brazil. Sixteen of these PRs were above the Maximum Residue Limit (MRL) established by local and international legislation. We did not identify severe acute and chronic dietary risks, but the highest risk values were observed in São Paulo and Santa Catarina, associated with the consumption of tomatoes and sweet peppers due to the high concentrations of organophosphates. A high long-term health risk is associated with the consumption of oranges in São Paulo and grapes in Bahia due to chlorothalonil and procymidone. We also identified that 26 PRs are considered carcinogenic by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA), and the carcinogenic risk analysis revealed no severe risk in any Brazilian state investigated due to the cumulative hazard index (HI) < 1. However, the highest HI values were in São Paulo due to acephate and carbaryl in sweet pepper and in Bahia due to dichlorvos. This information can help regulatory authorities define new guidelines for pesticide residue limits in fruits and vegetables commonly consumed and exported from Brazil and monitor the quality of commercial formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jelmir Craveiro de Andrade
- Center for Food Analysis (NAL), Technological Development Support Laboratory (LADETEC), Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21941-598, Brazil; Laboratory of Advanced Analysis in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (LAABBM), Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21941-909, Brazil; Nanotechnology Network, Carlos Chagas Filho Research Support Foundation of the State of Rio de Janeiro (FAPERJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 20020-000, Brazil; Graduate Program in Chemistry (PGQu), Institute of Chemistry (IQ), Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21941-909, Brazil
| | - Diego Galvan
- Center for Food Analysis (NAL), Technological Development Support Laboratory (LADETEC), Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21941-598, Brazil; Laboratory of Advanced Analysis in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (LAABBM), Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21941-909, Brazil; Nanotechnology Network, Carlos Chagas Filho Research Support Foundation of the State of Rio de Janeiro (FAPERJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 20020-000, Brazil.
| | - Lilian Seiko Kato
- Center for Food Analysis (NAL), Technological Development Support Laboratory (LADETEC), Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21941-598, Brazil; Laboratory of Advanced Analysis in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (LAABBM), Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21941-909, Brazil; Nanotechnology Network, Carlos Chagas Filho Research Support Foundation of the State of Rio de Janeiro (FAPERJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 20020-000, Brazil
| | - Carlos Adam Conte-Junior
- Center for Food Analysis (NAL), Technological Development Support Laboratory (LADETEC), Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21941-598, Brazil; Laboratory of Advanced Analysis in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (LAABBM), Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21941-909, Brazil; Nanotechnology Network, Carlos Chagas Filho Research Support Foundation of the State of Rio de Janeiro (FAPERJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 20020-000, Brazil; Graduate Program in Chemistry (PGQu), Institute of Chemistry (IQ), Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21941-909, Brazil
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Assessment of exposure to pesticide mixtures in five European countries by a harmonized urinary suspect screening approach. Int J Hyg Environ Health 2023; 248:114105. [PMID: 36563507 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2022.114105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Revised: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Humans are exposed to a mixture of pesticides through diet as well as through the environment. We conducted a suspect-screening based study to describe the probability of (concomitant) exposure to a set of pesticide profiles in five European countries (Latvia, Hungary, Czech Republic, Spain and the Netherlands). We explored whether living in an agricultural area (compared to living in a peri-urban area), being a a child (compared to being an adult), and the season in which the urine sample was collected had an impact on the probability of detection of pesticides (-metabolites). In total 2088 urine samples were collected from 1050 participants (525 parent-child pairs) and analyzed through harmonized suspect screening by five different laboratories. Fourty pesticide biomarkers (either pesticide metabolites or the parent pesticides as such) relating to 29 pesticides were identified at high levels of confidence in samples across all study sites. Most frequently detected were biomarkers related to the parent pesticides acetamiprid and chlorpropham. Other biomarkers with high detection rates in at least four countries related to the parent pesticides boscalid, fludioxonil, pirimiphos-methyl, pyrimethanil, clothianidin, fluazifop and propamocarb. In 84% of the samples at least two different pesticides were detected. The median number of detected pesticides in the urine samples was 3, and the maximum was 13 pesticides detected in a single sample. The most frequently co-occurring substances were acetamiprid with chlorpropham (in 62 urine samples), and acetamiprid with tebuconazole (30 samples). Some variation in the probability of detection of pesticides (-metabolites) was observed with living in an agricultural area or season of urine sampling, though no consistent patterns were observed. We did observe differences in the probability of detection of a pesticide (metabolite) among children compared to adults, suggesting a different exposure and/or elimination patterns between adults and children. This survey demonstrates the feasibility of conducting a harmonized pan-European sample collection, combined with suspect screening to provide insight in the presence of exposure to pesticide mixtures in the European population, including agricultural areas. Future improvements could come from improved (harmonized) quantification of pesticide levels.
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Oh J, Kim K, Kannan K, Parsons PJ, Mlodnicka A, Schmidt RJ, Schweitzer JB, Hertz-Picciotto I, Bennett DH. Early childhood exposure to environmental phenols and parabens, phthalates, organophosphate pesticides, and trace elements in association with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms in the CHARGE study. RESEARCH SQUARE 2023:rs.3.rs-2565914. [PMID: 36798220 PMCID: PMC9934759 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-2565914/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
Abstract
Background Agrowing body of literature investigated childhood exposure to environmental chemicals in association with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms, but limited studies considered urinary mixtures of multiple chemical classes. This study examined associations of concurrent exposure to non-persistent chemicals with ADHD symptoms in children diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), developmental delay, and typical development. Methods A total of 574 children aged 2-5 years from the Childhood Autism Risks from Genetics and Environment (CHARGE) case-control study was administered the Aberrant Behavior Checklist (ABC). This study focused on the Hyperactivity subscale and its two subdomains (hyperactivity/impulsivity, inattention). Sixty-two chemicals from four classes (phenols/parabens, phthalates, organophosphate pesticides, trace elements) were quantified in child urine samples, and 43 chemicals detected in >70% samples were used in statistical analyses. Weighted quantile sum regression for negative binomial outcomes with repeated holdout validation was performed to investigate covariate-adjusted associations between mixtures and ABC scores in 574 children. The mixture analyses were further restricted to 232 children with ASD. Results Phthalate metabolite mixtures, weighted for mono-n-butylphthalate (MNBP), mono-2-heptyl phthalate, and mono-carboxy isononyl phthalate, were associated with the Hyperactivity subscale (mean incidence rate ratio [mIRR] = 1.11; 2.5th, 97.5th percentile: 1.00, 1.23), especially the hyperactivity/impulsivity subdomain (mIRR = 1.14; 2.5th, 97.5th percentile: 1.06, 1.26). These associations remained similar after restricting to children with ASD. The inattention subdomain was associated with a phenols/parabens mixture, weighted for several parabens and bisphenols (mIRR = 1.13; 2.5th, 97.5th percentile: 1.00, 1.28) and a total mixture, weighted for 3,4-dihydroxy benzoic acid, MNBR and mono-(2-ethyl-5-carboxypentyl) phthalate (mIRR = 1.11; 2.5th, 97.5th percentile: 1.01,1.25) only among children with ASD. Conclusions Concurrent exposure to phthalate mixtures was associated with hyperactivity in early childhood. Though causal inference cannot be made based on our cross-sectional findings, this study warrants further research on mixtures of larger number of chemicals from multiple classes in association with ADHD-related behaviors in young children.
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Co-Benefits of Largescale Organic farming On huMan health (BLOOM): Protocol for a cluster-randomised controlled evaluation of the Andhra Pradesh Community-managed Natural Farming programme in India. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0281677. [PMID: 36862623 PMCID: PMC9980745 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0281677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/29/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The BLOOM study (co-Benefits of Largescale Organic farming On huMan health) aims to determine if a government-implemented agroecology programme reduces pesticide exposure and improves dietary diversity in agricultural households. To achieve this aim, a community-based, cluster-randomised controlled evaluation of the Andhra Pradesh Community-managed Natural Farming (APCNF) programme will be conducted in 80 clusters (40 intervention and 40 control) across four districts of Andhra Pradesh state in south India. Approximately 34 households per cluster will be randomly selected for screening and enrolment into the evaluation at baseline. The two primary outcomes, measured 12 months post-baseline assessment, are urinary pesticide metabolites in a 15% random subsample of participants and dietary diversity in all participants. Both primary outcomes will be measured in (1) adult men ≥18 years old, (2) adult women ≥18 years old, and (3) children <38 months old at enrolment. Secondary outcomes measured in the same households include crop yields, household income, adult anthropometry, anaemia, glycaemia, kidney function, musculoskeletal pain, clinical symptoms, depressive symptoms, women's empowerment, and child growth and development. Analysis will be on an intention-to-treat basis with an a priori secondary analysis to estimate the per-protocol effect of APCNF on the outcomes. The BLOOM study will provide robust evidence of the impact of a large-scale, transformational government-implemented agroecology programme on pesticide exposure and dietary diversity in agricultural households. It will also provide the first evidence of the nutritional, developmental, and health co-benefits of adopting agroecology, inclusive of malnourishment as well as common chronic diseases. Trial registration: Study registration: ISRCTN 11819073 (https://doi.org/10.1186/ISRCTN11819073). Clinical Trial Registry of India CTRI/2021/08/035434.
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15
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Bliznashka L, Jeong J, Jaacks LM. Maternal and paternal employment in agriculture and early childhood development: A cross-sectional analysis of Demographic and Health Survey data. PLOS GLOBAL PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 3:e0001116. [PMID: 36962809 PMCID: PMC10021554 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgph.0001116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Considerable literature from low- and lower-middle-income countries (LLMICs) links maternal employment to child nutritional status. However, less is known about the role of parental employment and occupation type in shaping child development outcomes. Additionally, little empirical work has examined the mechanisms through which parental occupation influences child outcomes. Our objective was to investigate the associations between maternal and paternal employment (comparing agricultural and non-agricultural employment) and child development and to examine childcare practices and women's empowerment as potential mechanisms. We pooled nine Demographic and Health Surveys (Benin, Burundi, Cambodia, Congo, Haiti, Rwanda, Senegal, Togo, and Uganda) with data on 8,516 children aged 36-59 months. We used generalised linear models to estimate associations between parental employment and child development, child stimulation (number of activities provided by the mother, father, and other household members), child supervision (not left alone or with older child for >1 hour), early childhood care and education programme (ECCE) attendance, and women's empowerment. In our sample, all fathers and 85% of mothers were employed. In 40% of families, both parents were employed in agriculture. After adjusting for child, parental and household confounders, we found that parental agricultural employment, relative to non-agricultural employment, was associated with poorer child development (relative risk (RR) 0.86 (95% CI 0.80, 0.92), more child stimulation provided by other household members (mean difference (MD) 0.26 (95% CI 0.09, 0.42)), less adequate child supervision (RR, 0.83 (95% 0.78, 0.80)), less ECCE attendance (RR 0.46 (95% CI 0.39, 0.54)), and lower women's empowerment (MD -1.01 (95% CI -1.18, -0.84)). Parental agricultural employment may be an important risk factor for early childhood development. More research using more comprehensive exposure and outcome measures is needed to unpack these complex relationships and to inform interventions and policies to support working parents in the agricultural sector with young children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lilia Bliznashka
- International Food Policy Research Institute, Washington, DC, United States of America
- Global Academy of Agriculture and Food Systems, University of Edinburgh, Midlothian, United Kingdom
| | - Joshua Jeong
- Department of Global Health and Population, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Lindsay M Jaacks
- Global Academy of Agriculture and Food Systems, University of Edinburgh, Midlothian, United Kingdom
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Liu B, Curl CL, Brantsæter AL, Torjusen H, Sun Y, Du Y, Lehmler HJ, Balentine A, Snetselaar LG, Bao W. Perspective: Organic food consumption during pregnancy and the potential effects on maternal and offspring health. Adv Nutr 2023; 14:12-21. [PMID: 36811584 PMCID: PMC10102986 DOI: 10.1016/j.advnut.2022.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Pregnancy represents a critical window for both maternal and child health. Previous studies have shown that the consumption of an organic diet during pregnancy can reduce pesticide exposure compared with the consumption of a conventional diet. It is possible that this could, in turn, improve pregnancy outcomes, because maternal pesticide exposure during pregnancy has been associated with increased risk of pregnancy complications. Organic foods are produced by methods that comply with organic standards, generally restricting the use of agrochemicals, such as synthetic pesticides. In the past few decades, the global demand for organic foods has increased drastically, driven in large part by consumer beliefs that organic foods provide benefits to human health. However, the effects of organic food consumption during pregnancy on maternal and child health have not been established. This narrative review aims to summarize current evidence regarding the consumption of organic foods during pregnancy and the potential effects on short- and long-term health outcomes in mothers and offspring. We performed a comprehensive literature search and identified studies investigating the association between organic food consumption during pregnancy and health outcomes in mothers and their offspring. The outcomes identified from the literature search included pre-eclampsia, gestational diabetes mellitus, hypospadias, cryptorchidism, and otitis media. Although existing studies suggest that consumption of organic foods (overall or a specific kind) during pregnancy may have health benefits, further investigation to replicate the findings in other populations is needed. Moreover, because these previous studies have all been observational and thus may be limited by the potential for residual confounding and reverse causation, causal inference cannot be established. We argue that the next necessary step in this research is a randomized trial to test the efficacy of organic diet intervention in pregnancy on maternal and offspring health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Buyun Liu
- Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China; Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Cynthia L Curl
- School of Public and Population Health, Boise State University, Boise, ID, USA
| | | | - Hanne Torjusen
- Consumption Research Norway SIFO, Oslo Metropolitan University, Oslo, Norway
| | - Yangbo Sun
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Yang Du
- Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China; Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Hans-Joachim Lehmler
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Annica Balentine
- School of Public and Population Health, Boise State University, Boise, ID, USA
| | - Linda G Snetselaar
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Wei Bao
- Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China; Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA.
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Hall AM, Thistle JE, Manley CK, Roell KR, Ramos AM, Villanger GD, Reichborn-Kjennerud T, Zeiner P, Cequier E, Sakhi AK, Thomsen C, Aase H, Engel SM. Organophosphorus Pesticide Exposure at 17 Weeks' Gestation and Odds of Offspring Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Diagnosis in the Norwegian Mother, Father, and Child Cohort Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:16851. [PMID: 36554732 PMCID: PMC9778918 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192416851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Prenatal organophosphorus pesticides (OPs) are ubiquitous and have been linked to adverse neurodevelopmental outcomes. However, few studies have examined prenatal OPs in relation to diagnosed attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), with only two studies exploring this relationship in a population primarily exposed through diet. In this study, we used a nested case-control study to evaluate prenatal OP exposure and ADHD diagnosis in the Norwegian Mother, Father, and Child Cohort Study (MoBa). For births that occurred between 2003 and 2008, ADHD diagnoses were obtained from linkage of MoBa participants with the Norwegian Patient Registry (N = 297), and a reference population was randomly selected from the eligible population (N = 552). Maternal urine samples were collected at 17 weeks' gestation and molar sums of diethyl phosphates (ΣDEP) and dimethyl phosphates metabolites (ΣDMP) were calculated. Multivariable adjusted logistic regression models were used to estimate the association between prenatal OP metabolite exposure and child ADHD diagnosis. Additionally, multiplicative effect measure modification (EMM) by child sex was assessed. In most cases, mothers in the second and third tertiles of ΣDMP and ΣDEP exposure had slightly lower odds of having a child with ADHD, although confidence intervals were wide and included the null. EMM by child sex was not observed for either ΣDMP or ΣDEP. In summary, we did not find evidence that OPs at 17 weeks' gestation increased the odds of ADHD in this nested case-control study of ADHD in MoBa, a population primarily experiencing dietary exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amber M. Hall
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Jake E. Thistle
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Cherrel K. Manley
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Kyle R. Roell
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Amanda M. Ramos
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Gro D. Villanger
- Department of Child Health and Development, Division of Mental and Physical Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, 0213 Oslo, Norway
| | - Ted Reichborn-Kjennerud
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, 0315 Oslo, Norway
- Department of Mental Disorders, Division of Mental and Physical Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, 0213 Oslo, Norway
| | - Pål Zeiner
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, 0315 Oslo, Norway
- Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, 0424 Oslo, Norway
| | - Enrique Cequier
- Department of Food Safety, Division of Climate and Environmental Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, 0213 Oslo, Norway
| | - Amrit K. Sakhi
- Department of Food Safety, Division of Climate and Environmental Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, 0213 Oslo, Norway
| | - Cathrine Thomsen
- Department of Food Safety, Division of Climate and Environmental Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, 0213 Oslo, Norway
| | - Heidi Aase
- Department of Child Health and Development, Division of Mental and Physical Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, 0213 Oslo, Norway
| | - Stephanie M. Engel
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
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Bliznashka L, Roy A, Jaacks LM. Pesticide exposure and child growth in low- and middle-income countries: A systematic review. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 215:114230. [PMID: 36087771 PMCID: PMC7614514 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.114230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Revised: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), pesticides are widely used in agricultural and residential settings. Little is known about how pesticides affect child growth. OBJECTIVES To systematically review and synthesise the evidence on the associations between pesticide exposure and adverse birth outcomes and/or impaired postnatal growth in children up to 5 years of age in LMICs. METHODS We searched 10 databases from inception through November 2021. We included cohort and cross-sectional studies investigating associations between self-reported or measured prenatal or postnatal pesticide exposure and child growth (postnatal child linear/ponderal growth, and/or birth outcomes). Two researchers screened studies, extracted data, and assessed certainty using GRADE. The protocol was preregistered with PROSPERO (CRD42021292919). RESULTS Of 939 records retrieved, 31 studies met inclusion criteria (11 cohort, 20 cross-sectional). All studies assessed prenatal exposure. Twenty-four studies reported on birth weight. Four found positive associations with organochlorines (0.01-0.25 standardised mean difference (SMD)) and two found negative associations (-0.009 SMD to -55 g). Negative associations with organophosphates (-170 g, n = 1) and pyrethroids (-97 to -233 g, n = 2) were also documented. Two (out of 15) studies reporting on birth length found positive associations with organochlorines (0.21-0.25 SMD) and one found negative associations (-0.25 to -0.32 SMD). Organophosphate exposure was negatively associated with birth length (-0.37 cm, n = 1). Organophosphate exposure was also associated with higher risk/prevalence of low birth weight (2 out of nine studies) and preterm birth (2 out of six studies). Certainty of the evidence was "very low" for all outcomes. CONCLUSION The limited literature from LMICs shows inconclusive associations between prenatal pesticide exposure, child growth, and birth outcomes. Studies with accurate quantitative data on exposure to commonly used pesticides in LMICs using consistent methodologies in comparable populations are needed to better understand how pesticides influence child growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lilia Bliznashka
- Global Academy of Agriculture and Food Systems, University of Edinburgh, Alexander Robertson Building, Easter Bush Campus, Midlothian, EH25 9RG, UK.
| | - Aditi Roy
- Centre for Environmental Health, Public Health Foundation of India, Plot No. 47, Sector 44, Institutional Area Gurugram, 122002, India
| | - Lindsay M Jaacks
- Global Academy of Agriculture and Food Systems, University of Edinburgh, Alexander Robertson Building, Easter Bush Campus, Midlothian, EH25 9RG, UK
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Goin DE, Abrahamsson D, Wang M, Jiang T, Park JS, Sirota M, Morello-Frosch R, DeMicco E, Zlatnik MG, Woodruff TJ. Disparities in chemical exposures among pregnant women and neonates by socioeconomic and demographic characteristics: A nontargeted approach. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 215:114158. [PMID: 36049512 PMCID: PMC10016233 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.114158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Revised: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exposure to environmental chemicals during pregnancy adversely affects maternal and infant health, and identifying socio-demographic differences in exposures can inform contributions to health inequities. METHODS We recruited 294 demographically diverse pregnant participants in San Francisco from the Mission Bay/Moffit Long (MB/ML) hospitals, which serve a primarily higher income population, and Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital (ZSFGH), which serves a lower income population. We collected maternal and cord sera, which we screened for 2420 unique formulas and their isomers using high-resolution mass spectrometry using LC-QTOF/MS. We assessed differences in chemical abundances across socioeconomic and demographic groups using linear regression adjusting for false discovery rate. RESULTS Our participants were racially diverse (31% Latinx, 16% Asian/Pacific Islander, 5% Black, 5% other or multi-race, and 43% white). A substantial portion experienced financial strain (28%) and food insecurity (20%) during pregnancy. We observed significant abundance differences in maternal (9 chemicals) and cord sera (39 chemicals) between participants who delivered at the MB/ML hospitals versus ZSFGH. Of the 39 chemical features differentially detected in cord blood, 18 were present in pesticides, one per- or poly-fluoroalkyl substance (PFAS), 21 in plasticizers, 24 in cosmetics, and 17 in pharmaceuticals; 4 chemical features had unknown sources. A chemical feature annotated as 2,4-dichlorophenol had higher abundances among Latinx compared to white participants, those delivering at ZSFGH compared to MB/ML, those with food insecurity, and those with financial strain. Post-hoc QTOF analyses indicated the chemical feature was either 2,4-dichlorophenol or 2,5-dichlorophenol, both of which have potential endocrine-disrupting effects. CONCLUSIONS Chemical exposures differed between delivery hospitals, likely due to underlying social conditions faced by populations served. Differential exposures to 2,4-dichlorophenol or 2,5-dichlorophenol may contribute to disparities in adverse outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dana E Goin
- Program on Reproductive Health and the Environment, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of California San Francisco School of Medicine, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Dimitri Abrahamsson
- Program on Reproductive Health and the Environment, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of California San Francisco School of Medicine, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Miaomiao Wang
- Environmental Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Toxic Substances Control, California Environmental Protection Agency, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Ting Jiang
- Environmental Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Toxic Substances Control, California Environmental Protection Agency, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - June-Soo Park
- Environmental Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Toxic Substances Control, California Environmental Protection Agency, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Marina Sirota
- Bakar Computational Health Sciences Institute and Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Rachel Morello-Frosch
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy and Management and School of Public Health, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Erin DeMicco
- Program on Reproductive Health and the Environment, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of California San Francisco School of Medicine, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Marya G Zlatnik
- Program on Reproductive Health and the Environment, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of California San Francisco School of Medicine, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Tracey J Woodruff
- Program on Reproductive Health and the Environment, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of California San Francisco School of Medicine, San Francisco, CA, USA.
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20
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Probabilistic risk assessment of exposure to multiple metals and pesticides through consumption of fruit juice samples collected from Iranian market. Food Chem Toxicol 2022; 170:113493. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2022.113493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2022] [Revised: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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21
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Abugu HO, Ezugwu AL, Ihedioha JN. Assessment of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon Contamination of Fruits, Leaves, and Soil within Automobile Repair Workshops in Nsukka Metropolis. Polycycl Aromat Compd 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/10406638.2022.2149567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hillary Onyeka Abugu
- Department of Pure and Industrial Chemistry, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria
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22
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Ventura-Miranda MI, Fernández-Medina IM, Guillén-Romera E, Ortíz-Amo R, Ruíz-Fernández MD. Effect of Gestational Pesticide Exposure on the Child's Respiratory System: A Narrative Review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:15418. [PMID: 36430137 PMCID: PMC9690583 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192215418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In recent years, concern has arisen worldwide about the potential adverse effects that could result from early-life exposure to pesticides. Asthma, bronchitis, and persistent cough in children have been linked to gestational exposure to pesticides. The respiratory effects of gestational exposure to pesticides are controversial. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between pesticide exposure in pregnant women and its effect on the respiratory system of their children. METHODS A narrative review was carried out by means of a search in the main databases. RESULTS Findings of studies confirmed the effects of pesticides on the child's health. These substances cross the placenta and become transmitters of exposure to the individual at the most sensitive stage of her development. CONCLUSIONS Chronic exposure to pesticides in fetuses is associated with chronic respiratory symptoms and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Rocío Ortíz-Amo
- Department of Psychology, University of Almería, 04120 Almería, Spain
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23
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Wołejko E, Łozowicka B, Jabłońska-Trypuć A, Pietruszyńska M, Wydro U. Chlorpyrifos Occurrence and Toxicological Risk Assessment: A Review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph191912209. [PMID: 36231509 PMCID: PMC9566616 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191912209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Chlorpyrifos (CPF) was the most frequently used pesticide in food production in the European Union (EU) until 2020. Unfortunately, this compound is still being applied in other parts of the world. National monitoring of pesticides conducted in various countries indicates the presence of CPF in soil, food, and water, which may have toxic effects on consumers, farmers, and animal health. In addition, CPF may influence changes in the population of fungi, bacteria, and actinomycete in soil and can inhibit nitrogen mineralization. The mechanisms of CPF activity are based on the inhibition of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity. This compound also exhibits reproductive toxicity, neurotoxicity, and genotoxicity. The problem seems to be the discrepancy between the actual observations and the final conclusions drawn for the substance's approval in reports presenting the toxic impact of CPF on human health. Therefore, this influence is still a current and important issue that requires continuous monitoring despite its withdrawal from the market in the EU. This review traces the scientific reports describing the effects of CPF resulting in changes occurring in both the environment and at the cellular and tissue level in humans and animals. It also provides an insight into the hazards and risks to human health in food consumer products in which CPF has been detected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elżbieta Wołejko
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, Bialystok University of Technology, Wiejska 45A Street, 15-351 Białystok, Poland
- Correspondence: (E.W.); (A.J.-T.)
| | - Bożena Łozowicka
- Institute of Plant Protection—National Research Institute, Chełmońskiego 22 Street, 15-195 Białystok, Poland
| | - Agata Jabłońska-Trypuć
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, Bialystok University of Technology, Wiejska 45A Street, 15-351 Białystok, Poland
- Correspondence: (E.W.); (A.J.-T.)
| | - Marta Pietruszyńska
- Department of Ophthalmology, Medical University of Białystok, M. Skłodowskiej-Curie 24A Street, 15-276 Białystok, Poland
| | - Urszula Wydro
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, Bialystok University of Technology, Wiejska 45A Street, 15-351 Białystok, Poland
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24
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Zúñiga-Venegas LA, Hyland C, Muñoz-Quezada MT, Quirós-Alcalá L, Butinof M, Buralli R, Cardenas A, Fernandez RA, Foerster C, Gouveia N, Gutiérrez Jara JP, Lucero BA, Muñoz MP, Ramírez-Santana M, Smith AR, Tirado N, van Wendel de Joode B, Calaf GM, Handal AJ, Soares da Silva A, Cortés S, Mora AM. Health Effects of Pesticide Exposure in Latin American and the Caribbean Populations: A Scoping Review. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2022; 130:96002. [PMID: 36173136 PMCID: PMC9521041 DOI: 10.1289/ehp9934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2021] [Revised: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Multiple epidemiological studies have shown that exposure to pesticides is associated with adverse health outcomes. However, the literature on pesticide-related health effects in the Latin American and the Caribbean (LAC) region, an area of intensive agricultural and residential pesticide use, is sparse. We conducted a scoping review to describe the current state of research on the health effects of pesticide exposure in LAC populations with the goal of identifying knowledge gaps and research capacity building needs. METHODS We searched PubMed and SciELO for epidemiological studies on pesticide exposure and human health in LAC populations published between January 2007 and December 2021. We identified 233 publications from 16 countries that met our inclusion criteria and grouped them by health outcome (genotoxicity, neurobehavioral outcomes, placental outcomes and teratogenicity, cancer, thyroid function, reproductive outcomes, birth outcomes and child growth, and others). RESULTS Most published studies were conducted in Brazil (37%, n = 88 ) and Mexico (20%, n = 46 ), were cross-sectional in design (72%, n = 167 ), and focused on farmworkers (45%, n = 105 ) or children (21%, n = 48 ). The most frequently studied health effects included genotoxicity (24%, n = 62 ) and neurobehavioral outcomes (21%, n = 54 ), and organophosphate (OP) pesticides were the most frequently examined (26%, n = 81 ). Forty-seven percent (n = 112 ) of the studies relied only on indirect pesticide exposure assessment methods. Exposure to OP pesticides, carbamates, or to multiple pesticide classes was consistently associated with markers of genotoxicity and adverse neurobehavioral outcomes, particularly among children and farmworkers. DISCUSSION Our scoping review provides some evidence that exposure to pesticides may adversely impact the health of LAC populations, but methodological limitations and inconsistencies undermine the strength of the conclusions. It is critical to increase capacity building, integrate research initiatives, and conduct more rigorous epidemiological studies in the region to address these limitations, better inform public health surveillance systems, and maximize the impact of research on public policies. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP9934.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liliana A. Zúñiga-Venegas
- Centro de Investigaciones de Estudios Avanzados del Maule, Universidad Católica del Maule, Talca, Chile
| | - Carly Hyland
- Center for Environmental Research and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA
- School of Public Health and Population Science, Boise State University, Boise, Idaho, USA
| | - María Teresa Muñoz-Quezada
- Centro de Investigación en Neuropsicología y Neurociencias Cognitivas, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Católica del Maule, Talca, Chile
| | - Lesliam Quirós-Alcalá
- Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Bloomberg School of Public Health, John Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Maryland Institute of Applied Environmental Health, School of Public Health, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA
| | - Mariana Butinof
- Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Rafael Buralli
- Departamento de Saúde Ambiental, Faculdade de Saúde Pública, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Andres Cardenas
- Center for Environmental Research and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Ricardo A. Fernandez
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Católica de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Claudia Foerster
- Instituto de Ciencias de la Agroalimentarias, Animales y Ambientales, Universidad de O’Higgins, San Fernando, Chile
| | - Nelson Gouveia
- Departamento de Medicina Preventiva, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Juan P. Gutiérrez Jara
- Centro de Investigaciones de Estudios Avanzados del Maule, Universidad Católica del Maule, Talca, Chile
| | - Boris A. Lucero
- Centro de Investigación en Neuropsicología y Neurociencias Cognitivas, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Católica del Maule, Talca, Chile
| | - María Pía Muñoz
- Escuela de Salud Pública, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Muriel Ramírez-Santana
- Departamento de Salud Pública, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Católica del Norte, Coquimbo, Chile
| | - Anna R. Smith
- Center for Environmental Research and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Noemi Tirado
- Instituto de Genética, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Mayor de San Andrés, Louisiana Paz, Bolivia
| | - Berna van Wendel de Joode
- Infants’ Environmental Health Study, Central American Institute for Studies on Toxic Substances, Universidad Nacional, Heredia, Costa Rica
| | - Gloria M. Calaf
- Instituto de Alta Investigación, Universidad de Tarapacá, Arica, Chile
- Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Alexis J. Handal
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | | | - Sandra Cortés
- Centro Avanzado de Enfermedades Crónicas (ACCDiS), Centro de Desarrollo Urbano Sustentable, Departamento de Salud Pública, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Ana M. Mora
- Center for Environmental Research and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA
- Infants’ Environmental Health Study, Central American Institute for Studies on Toxic Substances, Universidad Nacional, Heredia, Costa Rica
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25
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Eng ME, Imperio GE, Bloise E, Matthews SG. ATP-binding cassette (ABC) drug transporters in the developing blood-brain barrier: role in fetal brain protection. Cell Mol Life Sci 2022; 79:415. [PMID: 35821142 PMCID: PMC11071850 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-022-04432-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Revised: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The blood-brain barrier (BBB) provides essential neuroprotection from environmental toxins and xenobiotics, through high expression of drug efflux transporters in endothelial cells of the cerebral capillaries. However, xenobiotic exposure, stress, and inflammatory stimuli have the potential to disrupt BBB permeability in fetal and post-natal life. Understanding the role and ability of the BBB in protecting the developing brain, particularly with respect to drug/toxin transport, is key to promoting long-term brain health. Drug transporters, particularly P-gp and BCRP are expressed in early gestation at the developing BBB and have a crucial role in developmental homeostasis and fetal brain protection. We have highlighted several factors that modulate drug transporters at the developing BBB, including synthetic glucocorticoid (sGC), cytokines, maternal infection, and growth factors. Some factors have the potential to increase expression and function of drug transporters and increase brain protection (e.g., sGC, transforming growth factor [TGF]-β). However, others inhibit drug transporters expression and function at the BBB, increasing brain exposure to xenobiotics (e.g., tumor necrosis factor [TNF], interleukin [IL]-6), negatively impacting brain development. This has implications for pregnant women and neonates, who represent a vulnerable population and may be exposed to drugs and environmental toxins, many of which are P-gp and BCRP substrates. Thus, alterations in regulated transport across the developing BBB may induce long-term changes in brain health and compromise pregnancy outcome. Furthermore, a large portion of neonatal adverse drug reactions are attributed to agents that target or access the nervous system, such as stimulants (e.g., caffeine), anesthetics (e.g., midazolam), analgesics (e.g., morphine) and antiretrovirals (e.g., Zidovudine); thus, understanding brain protection is key for the development of strategies to protect the fetal and neonatal brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaret E Eng
- Department of Physiology, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Medical Sciences Bldg. Rm. 3207. 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada
| | | | - Enrrico Bloise
- Department of Physiology, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Medical Sciences Bldg. Rm. 3207. 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Morphology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Stephen G Matthews
- Department of Physiology, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Medical Sciences Bldg. Rm. 3207. 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada.
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health, Toronto, Canada.
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.
- Department of Medicine, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.
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26
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Bahrami M, Simpson SL, Burdette JH, Lyday RG, Quandt SA, Chen H, Arcury TA, Laurienti PJ. Altered Default Mode Network Associated with Pesticide Exposure in Latinx Children from Rural Farmworker Families. Neuroimage 2022; 256:119179. [PMID: 35429626 PMCID: PMC9251855 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2022.119179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2021] [Revised: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 04/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Pesticide exposure has been associated with adverse cognitive and neurological effects. However, neuroimaging studies aimed at examining the impacts of pesticide exposure on brain networks underlying abnormal neurodevelopment in children remain limited. It has been demonstrated that pesticide exposure in children is associated with disrupted brain anatomy in regions that make up the default mode network (DMN), a subnetwork engaged across a diverse set of cognitive processes, particularly higher-order cognitive tasks. This study tested the hypothesis that functional brain network connectivity/topology in Latinx children from rural farmworker families (FW children) would differ from urban Latinx children from non-farmworker families (NFW children). We also tested the hypothesis that probable historic childhood exposure to pesticides among FW children would be associated with network connectivity/topology in a manner that parallels differences between FW and NFW children. We used brain networks from functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data from 78 children and a mixed-effects regression framework to test our hypotheses. We found that network topology was differently associated with the connection probability between FW and NFW children in the DMN. Our results also indicated that, among 48 FW children, historic reports of exposure to pesticides from prenatal to 96 months old were significantly associated with DMN topology, as hypothesized. Although the cause of the differences in brain networks between FW and NFW children cannot be determined using a cross-sectional study design, the observed associations between network connectivity/topology and historic exposure reports in FW children provide compelling evidence for a contribution of pesticide exposure on altering the DMN network organization in this vulnerable population. Although longitudinal follow-up of the children is necessary to further elucidate the cause and reveal the ultimate neurological implications, these findings raise serious concerns about the potential adverse health consequences from developmental neurotoxicity associated with pesticide exposure in this vulnerable population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohsen Bahrami
- Laboratory for Complex Brain Networks, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA; Department of Radiology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA.
| | - Sean L Simpson
- Laboratory for Complex Brain Networks, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA; Department of Biostatistics and Data Science, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Jonathan H Burdette
- Laboratory for Complex Brain Networks, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA; Department of Radiology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Robert G Lyday
- Laboratory for Complex Brain Networks, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA; Department of Radiology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Sara A Quandt
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Haiying Chen
- Department of Biostatistics and Data Science, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Thomas A Arcury
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Paul J Laurienti
- Laboratory for Complex Brain Networks, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA; Department of Radiology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
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27
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Tsuchiyama T, Ito Y, Oya N, Nomasa K, Sato H, Minato K, Kitamori K, Oshima S, Minematsu A, Niwa K, Katsuhara M, Fukatsu K, Miyazaki H, Ebara T, Kamijima M. Quantitative analysis of organophosphate pesticides and dialkylphosphates in duplicate diet samples to identify potential sources of measured urinary dialkylphosphates in Japanese women. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 298:118799. [PMID: 35007670 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.118799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Revised: 12/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Increased levels of dialkylphosphates (DAP) in maternal urine are associated with a variety of adverse developmental outcomes in children. Although urinary DAP levels are usually considered to be a marker of exposure to organophosphate (OP) pesticides, excretion of DAP may also increase by ingesting preformed DAP. To date, no study has quantitatively assessed the possible contribution of the dietary intake of preformed DAP and OP pesticides to urinary levels of DAP. Therefore, we aimed to estimate the levels of 6 DAPs and 84 OP pesticides in duplicate diet samples and urine samples collected from 73 women living in urban areas of Japan in 2018. DAP and OP pesticides were detected in 94% and 45% of diet samples, while DAP was detected in 100% of urinary samples, respectively. The average daily intake of preformed DAP was significantly higher than that of parent OP pesticides in our participants. Dimethylphosphate and diethylphosphate were predominant in the preformed DAP, and the estimated average daily intake of total amount of DAP was 78.3 nmol. Fruits and vegetables were the major dietary sources of DAP. Dietary intake of DAP was positively associated with urinary DAP levels, suggesting that a considerable amount of urinary DAP was derived from ingesting preformed DAP. Our results show that attributing urinary DAP levels exclusively to OP pesticide exposure would result in a substantial overestimation of the exposure level. Therefore, the urinary levels of DAP may not be suitable for evaluating OP pesticide exposure in the general urban population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoyuki Tsuchiyama
- Department of Food, Nagoya City Public Health Research Institute, Nagoya, 463-8585, Japan
| | - Yuki Ito
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, 467-8601, Japan.
| | - Naoko Oya
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, 467-8601, Japan; Research Fellow of Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Tokyo, 102-0083, Japan
| | - Karin Nomasa
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, 467-8601, Japan
| | - Hirotaka Sato
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, 467-8601, Japan
| | - Kyoko Minato
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, 467-8601, Japan
| | - Kazuya Kitamori
- Department of Food and Nutritional Environment, College of Human Life and Environment, Kinjo Gakuin University, Nagoya, 463-8521, Japan
| | - Shiori Oshima
- Department of Food and Nutritional Environment, College of Human Life and Environment, Kinjo Gakuin University, Nagoya, 463-8521, Japan
| | - Ayako Minematsu
- Department of Food and Nutritional Environment, College of Human Life and Environment, Kinjo Gakuin University, Nagoya, 463-8521, Japan
| | - Kazumasa Niwa
- Department of Food, Nagoya City Public Health Research Institute, Nagoya, 463-8585, Japan
| | - Miki Katsuhara
- Department of Food, Nagoya City Public Health Research Institute, Nagoya, 463-8585, Japan
| | - Kosuke Fukatsu
- Department of Food, Nagoya City Public Health Research Institute, Nagoya, 463-8585, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Miyazaki
- Department of Food, Nagoya City Public Health Research Institute, Nagoya, 463-8585, Japan
| | - Takeshi Ebara
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, 467-8601, Japan
| | - Michihiro Kamijima
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, 467-8601, Japan
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28
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Xie X, Wan Y, Zhu B, Liu Q, Zhu K, Jiang Q, Feng Y, Xiao P, Wu X, Zhang J, Meng H, Song R. Association between urinary dialkylphosphate metabolites and dyslexia among children from three cities of China: The READ program. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 814:151852. [PMID: 34826485 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.151852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Revised: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to organophosphate (OP) insecticides has been found to be related to neurodevelopmental disorders in children. However, no study has examined the association between OP insecticide exposure and the risk of dyslexia among children. We aimed to explore the association between OP insecticide exposure, indicated by urinary dialkylphosphate metabolites (DAPs), and the risk of dyslexia among Chinese Han children from three cities. A total of 845 children (422 dyslexics and 423 non-dyslexics) from Tongji Reading Environment and Dyslexia research program were included in the current case-control study. We measured six DAPs in urine samples, collected from November 2017 to December 2020. Logistic regression models were used to estimate odds ratios (ORs) for the association between DAPs and dyslexia risk, adjusting for potential confounders. The detection frequencies of DAPs were above 97.5%, except for diethyldithiophosphate and dimethyldithiophosphate. Diethyl phosphate metabolites (DEs) were significantly associated with the risk of dyslexia. Compared with the lowest quartile, the adjusted ORs of dyslexia risk for the highest quartile of urinary diethylthiophosphate (DETP) and diethylphosphate (DEP) were 1.82 (1.04, 3.20) and 1.85 (1.08, 3.17), respectively. In addition, the adjusted ORs for dyslexia per 10-fold of urinary DEP, DETP, and ∑DEs concentration were 1.87 (1.12, 3.13), 1.55 (1.03, 2.35), and 1.91 (1.13, 3.21), respectively. Analyses stratified by gender indicated that such associations were more significant among boys. This study suggested that exposure to OP insecticides may be related to dyslexia among Chinese Han children from the three studied cities. However, our results should be interpreted with caution because of the case-control design and the fact that only one-spot urine sample was collected from the children. More studies with children living in China are necessary concerning the relatively high levels of urinary OP metabolites in our study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyan Xie
- Department of Maternal and Child Health and MOE (Ministry of Education) Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yanjian Wan
- Institute of Environmental Health, Wuhan Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Wuhan, China.
| | - Bing Zhu
- Hangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qi Liu
- Department of Maternal and Child Health and MOE (Ministry of Education) Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Kaiheng Zhu
- Department of Maternal and Child Health and MOE (Ministry of Education) Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Qi Jiang
- Department of Maternal and Child Health and MOE (Ministry of Education) Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yanan Feng
- Department of Maternal and Child Health and MOE (Ministry of Education) Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Pei Xiao
- Department of Maternal and Child Health and MOE (Ministry of Education) Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaoqian Wu
- Department of Maternal and Child Health and MOE (Ministry of Education) Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jiajia Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, United States
| | - Heng Meng
- Department of Maternal and Child Health and MOE (Ministry of Education) Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ranran Song
- Department of Maternal and Child Health and MOE (Ministry of Education) Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
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Piracón JAB, Hernández-Bonilla D, Menezes-Filho JA, van Wendel de Joode B, Lozada YAV, Bahia TC, Cortes MAQ, Achury NJM, Muñoz IAM, Pardo MAH. Prenatal and postnatal exposure to pesticides and school-age children’s cognitive ability in rural Bogotá, Colombia. Neurotoxicology 2022; 90:112-120. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2022.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Revised: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Fu H, Tan P, Wang R, Li S, Liu H, Yang Y, Wu Z. Advances in organophosphorus pesticides pollution: Current status and challenges in ecotoxicological, sustainable agriculture, and degradation strategies. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 424:127494. [PMID: 34687999 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.127494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Organophosphorus pesticides (OPPs) are one of the most widely used types of pesticide that play an important role in the production process due to their effects on preventing pathogen infection and increasing yield. However, in the early development and application of OPPs, their toxicological effects and the issue of environmental pollution were not considered. With the long-term overuse of OPPs, their hazards to the ecological environment (including soil and water) and animal health have attracted increasing attention. Therefore, this review first clarified the classification, characteristics, applications of various OPPs, and the government's restriction requirements on various OPPs. Second, the toxicological effects and metabolic mechanisms of OPPs and their metabolites were introduced in organisms. Finally, the existing methods of degrading OPPs were summarized, and the challenges and further addressing strategy of OPPs in the sustainable development of agriculture, the environment, and ecology were prospected. However, methods to solve the environmental and ecological problems caused by OPPs from the three aspects of use source, use process, and degradation methods were proposed, which provided a theoretical basis for addressing the stability of the ecological environment and improving the structure of the pesticide industry in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiyang Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Peng Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Renjie Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Senlin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Haozhen Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Ying Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Zhenlong Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
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Sagiv SK, Rauch S, Kogut KR, Hyland C, Gunier RB, Mora AM, Bradman A, Deardorff J, Eskenazi B. Prenatal exposure to organophosphate pesticides and risk-taking behaviors in early adulthood. Environ Health 2022; 21:8. [PMID: 35012551 PMCID: PMC8751255 DOI: 10.1186/s12940-021-00822-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Previous studies show evidence for associations of prenatal exposure to organophosphate (OP) pesticides with poorer childhood neurodevelopment. As children grow older, poorer cognition, executive function, and school performance can give rise to risk-taking behaviors, including substance abuse, delinquency, and violent acts. We investigated whether prenatal OP exposure was associated with these risk-taking behaviors in adolescence and young adulthood in a Mexican American cohort. METHODS We measured urinary dialkyl phosphates (DAPs), non-specific metabolites of OPs, twice (13 and 26 weeks gestation) in pregnant women recruited in 1999-2000 in the Center for the Health Assessment of Mothers and Children of Salinas (CHAMACOS) study, a birth cohort set in a primarily Latino agricultural community in the Salinas Valley, California. We followed up children throughout their childhood and adolescence; at the 18-year visit, adolescent youth (n = 315) completed a computer-based questionnaire which included questions about substance use, risky sexual activity, risky driving, and delinquency and police encounters. We used multivariable models to estimate associations of prenatal total DAPs with these risk-taking behaviors. RESULTS The prevalence of risk-taking behaviors in CHAMACOS youth ranged from 8.9% for smoking or vaping nicotine to 70.2% for committing a delinquent act. Associations of total prenatal DAPs (geometric mean = 132.4 nmol/L) with risk-taking behavior were generally null and imprecise. Isolated findings included a higher risk for smoking or vaping nicotine within the past 30 days (relative risk [RR] per 10-fold increase in prenatal DAPs = 1.89, 95% CI: 1.00, 3.56) and driving without a license (RR = 1.74, 95% CI: 1.25, 2.42). There were no consistent differences by sex or childhood adversity. DISCUSSION We did not find clear or consistent evidence for associations of prenatal OP exposure with risk-taking behaviors in adolescence/early adulthood in the CHAMACOS population. Our small sample size may have prevented us from detecting potentially subtle associations of early life OP exposure with these risk-taking behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharon K Sagiv
- Center for Environmental Research and Community Health (CERCH), School of Public Health, University of California, 1995 University Avenue, Suite 265, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA.
| | - Stephen Rauch
- Center for Environmental Research and Community Health (CERCH), School of Public Health, University of California, 1995 University Avenue, Suite 265, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Katherine R Kogut
- Center for Environmental Research and Community Health (CERCH), School of Public Health, University of California, 1995 University Avenue, Suite 265, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Carly Hyland
- Center for Environmental Research and Community Health (CERCH), School of Public Health, University of California, 1995 University Avenue, Suite 265, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Robert B Gunier
- Center for Environmental Research and Community Health (CERCH), School of Public Health, University of California, 1995 University Avenue, Suite 265, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Ana M Mora
- Center for Environmental Research and Community Health (CERCH), School of Public Health, University of California, 1995 University Avenue, Suite 265, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Asa Bradman
- Center for Environmental Research and Community Health (CERCH), School of Public Health, University of California, 1995 University Avenue, Suite 265, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
- Department of Public Health, University of California, Merced, CA, USA
| | - Julianna Deardorff
- Center for Environmental Research and Community Health (CERCH), School of Public Health, University of California, 1995 University Avenue, Suite 265, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Brenda Eskenazi
- Center for Environmental Research and Community Health (CERCH), School of Public Health, University of California, 1995 University Avenue, Suite 265, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
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Adıbelli D, Kırca N, Özkan İ. The problems of women working in greenhouse agriculture in rural area in Turkey: A phenomenological study from health and social perspective. HEALTH & SOCIAL CARE IN THE COMMUNITY 2022; 30:203-211. [PMID: 33894079 DOI: 10.1111/hsc.13393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Revised: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Working in agriculture may cause serious health problems due to heavy working conditions and chemical exposure. This Husserlian phenomenological qualitative study was conducted with 22 women working in greenhouse agriculture to investigate the health and social problem(s). In the evaluation of the data, Colaizzi's seven-step content analysis method and thematic analysis were used. The Kappa analysis was performed with two independent experts to measure the reliability of comparative fit, and the value obtained in the analysis was 1.00 (perfect fit). Based on the content analysis, six themes were defined. All participants indicated that they had different reproductive health-related problems. Some participants stated that their children had respiratory system-related problems and that they were subjected to physical, verbal/emotional and sexual violence by their husbands. It is important to provide health education, counselling services and screening programmes for women who work in greenhouse agriculture and thus are in the at-risk group for poor health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derya Adıbelli
- Department of Public Health Nursing, Kumluca Health Science Faculty, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Nurcan Kırca
- Department of Women Health Nursing, Nursing Faculty, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey
| | - İlknur Özkan
- Department of Internal Medicine Nursing, Kumluca Health Science Faculty, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey
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van den Dries MA, Ferguson KK, Keil AP, Pronk A, Spaan S, Ghassabian A, Santos S, Jaddoe VWV, Trasande L, Tiemeier H, Guxens M. Prenatal Exposure to Nonpersistent Chemical Mixtures and Offspring IQ and Emotional and Behavioral Problems. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2021; 55:16502-16514. [PMID: 34878787 PMCID: PMC11148873 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.1c04455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Prenatal exposure to nonpersistent chemicals such as phthalates, bisphenols, and organophosphate (OP) pesticides is ubiquitous and occurs in mixtures. So far, epidemiological studies investigating neurodevelopmental consequences of these exposures have mainly been restricted to single-pollutant models. Thus, we studied the association between prenatal exposure to nonpersistent chemical mixtures and child IQ and emotional and behavioral problems. Data came from 782 mother-child pairs. Eleven phthalate, one bisphenol, and five OP pesticide urinary exposure biomarkers were measured three times during pregnancy and averaged. Nonverbal IQ, internalizing and attention problems, aggressive behavior, and autistic traits were assessed at child age 6 years. We used quantile g-computation to estimate the change in each outcome per quartile increase in all chemicals within the mixture. Higher exposure to the mixture was associated with lower nonverbal IQ (-4.0 points (95%CI = -7.0, -1.0), -5.5 points (95%CI = -10.2, -0.9), and -4.6 points (95%CI = -10.8, 1.5) for the second, third, and fourth quartile, respectively, compared to the first quartile). These results were mainly driven by the phthalate mixture. No association was observed with emotional and behavioral problems. Prenatal exposure to nonpersistent chemical mixtures was associated with lower nonverbal IQ in children. Exposure to chemical mixtures during gestation is universal and may impact neurodevelopment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michiel A van den Dries
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Erasmus MC University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, 3015 CN The Netherlands
- The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus MC University Medical Center Rotterdam, The Generation R Study Group, Rotterdam, 3015 CN The Netherlands
- ISGlobal, Barcelona, 08003, Spain
- Pompeu Fabra University, Barcelona, 08002, Spain
- Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, 28029, Spain
| | - Kelly K Ferguson
- Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Durham, North Carolina 27709, United States
| | - Alexander P Keil
- Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Durham, North Carolina 27709, United States
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill North Carolina 27516, United States
| | - Anjoeka Pronk
- Department of Risk Analysis for Products in Development, TNO, Utrecht, 3584 CB, The Netherlands
| | - Suzanne Spaan
- Department of Risk Analysis for Products in Development, TNO, Utrecht, 3584 CB, The Netherlands
| | - Akhgar Ghassabian
- Department of Pediatrics, New York University School of Medicine, New York City, New York 10016, United States
- Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York City, New York 10016, United States
- Department of Population Health, New York University School of Medicine, New York City, New York 10016, United States
| | - Susana Santos
- The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus MC University Medical Center Rotterdam, The Generation R Study Group, Rotterdam, 3015 CN The Netherlands
- Department of Pediatrics, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, 3015 CN The Netherlands
| | - Vincent W V Jaddoe
- The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus MC University Medical Center Rotterdam, The Generation R Study Group, Rotterdam, 3015 CN The Netherlands
- Department of Pediatrics, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, 3015 CN The Netherlands
| | - Leonardo Trasande
- Department of Pediatrics, New York University School of Medicine, New York City, New York 10016, United States
- Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York City, New York 10016, United States
- Department of Population Health, New York University School of Medicine, New York City, New York 10016, United States
- New York University Wagner School of Public Service, New York City, New York 10012, United States
- New York University College of Global Public Health, New York City, New York 10003, United States
| | - Henning Tiemeier
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Erasmus MC University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, 3015 CN The Netherlands
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Mònica Guxens
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Erasmus MC University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, 3015 CN The Netherlands
- ISGlobal, Barcelona, 08003, Spain
- Pompeu Fabra University, Barcelona, 08002, Spain
- Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, 28029, Spain
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Cecchi A, Alvarez G, Quidel N, Bertone MC, Anderle S, Sabino G, Magnarelli GG, Rovedatti MG. Residential proximity to pesticide applications in Argentine Patagonia: impact on pregnancy and newborn parameters. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:56565-56579. [PMID: 34060016 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-14574-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Among residents living close to agricultural fields who are potentially exposed to pesticides, pregnant women and their fetuses are of particular concern for their vulnerability to environmental chemicals. In this collaborative multicenter study, we covered a wide distribution of participants in the most important fruit production zone of north Patagonia (Argentina) to investigate whether maternal residential proximity to fruit croplands with intense pesticide applications (rural group -RG-) is associated with pregnancy complications and alterations in their newborn parameters compared to the urban population (urban group -UG-). A total of 776 pregnant women met the inclusion criteria. The percentage of threatened miscarriage was significantly higher in the RG than in the UG. The percentage of miscarriage, threat of premature labor, intrauterine fetal death, preterm premature rupture of membranes, and intrauterine growth retardation were similar in both groups. Newborn anthropometric parameters were corrected by sex and gestational age prior to statistical analysis. Length at birth and head circumference were lower in the RG than in the UG. Birth weight was similar in both groups. The percentage of head circumference less than the 5th percentile and the ponderal index were greater in the RG than in the UG. Our results suggest that proximity to pesticide applications may increase the risk of pregnancy complications and altered newborn parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amalia Cecchi
- Hospital Allen Dr. Ernesto Accame, Ingeniero Quesnel s/n, Allen, Río Negro, Argentina
| | - Gabriel Alvarez
- Hospital Provincial Neuquén Dr. Castro Rendón, Buenos Aires 450, (8300) Neuquén, 450, Neuquén, Argentina
| | - Natalia Quidel
- Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional del Comahue, Av. Luis Toschi y Los Arrayanes, (8324) Cipolletti, Río Negro, Argentina
| | - María Cecilia Bertone
- Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional del Comahue, Av. Luis Toschi y Los Arrayanes, (8324) Cipolletti, Río Negro, Argentina
| | - Sofia Anderle
- Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional del Comahue, Av. Luis Toschi y Los Arrayanes, (8324) Cipolletti, Río Negro, Argentina
| | - Guillermo Sabino
- Facultad de Economía y Administración, Universidad Nacional del Comahue, Buenos Aires 1400, (8300), Neuquén, Argentina
| | - Gladis G Magnarelli
- Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional del Comahue, Av. Luis Toschi y Los Arrayanes, (8324) Cipolletti, Río Negro, Argentina
| | - María Gabriela Rovedatti
- Departamento de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental, and Laboratorio de Toxicología de Mezclas Químicas (LATOMEQ), Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Universitaria, Pabellón II, 4to piso. Intendente Güiraldes 2160, (C1428EGA), Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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Juntarawijit Y, Chaichanawirote U, Rakmeesri P, Chairattanasakda P, Pumyim V, Juntarawijit C. Chlorpyrifos and other pesticide exposure and suspected developmental delay in children aged under 5 years: a case-control study in Phitsanulok, Thailand. F1000Res 2021; 9:1501. [PMID: 34557296 PMCID: PMC8442115 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.27874.5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Developmental delay among children under 5 years of age is a serious global public health problem and much research has been carried out to find potential causes. Pesticides - especially organophosphates - are suspected to be one of the main causes of the problem. This study aimed to investigate the association between pesticide use by the mother during pregnancy and preschool children development using a case-control study. Methods: Data on prenatal and postnatal pesticide exposure of 442 children with suspected developmental delay, and 413 controls with normal development were included for analysis. The children were matched for gender, age, and residency. Data on pesticide exposure were collected via interview with the mother, and data on pregnancy outcomes abstracted from hospital records. Results: Chlorpyrifos exposure significantly increased the risk of developmental delay with an odds ratio (OR) of 3.71 (95% CI 1.03-13.36) for ever use of the pesticide, and an OR of 5.92 (95% CI 1.01-34.68) for postnatal exposure (p <0.05). Some other pesticides also had a positive association with developmental delay but none were statistically significant (p <0.05). Those pesticides were insecticide, fungicide, herbicide, and molluscicide. Individual pesticides with a positive association were glyphosate, paraquat, butachlor, methyl parathion (pholidon), savin, methomyl, endosulfan, carbosulfan, methamidophos, monochrotofos, mancozeb, and bordeaumixture. Conclusions: This case-control study found that chlorpyrifos and some other pesticides exposure during pregnancy were positively associated with developmental delay in children aged under 5 years. Further research should be conducted to better understand this potential effects of pesticides on child neurodevelopment, and the public - especially those who plan to have families - should be informed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Paphada Rakmeesri
- Faculty of Nursing, Kamphaeng Phet Rajabhat University, Kamphaeng Phet, 62000, Thailand
| | | | - Varintorn Pumyim
- Jomthong Health Promoting Hospital, Muang District Health Office, Phitsanulok, 65000, Thailand
| | - Chudchawal Juntarawijit
- Faculty of Natural Resources and Environment, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, 65000, Thailand
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Ghorbani M, Mohammadi P, Keshavarzi M, Saghi MH, Mohammadi M, Shams A, Aghamohammadhasan M. Simultaneous determination of organophosphorus pesticides residues in vegetable, fruit juice, and milk samples with magnetic dispersive micro solid-phase extraction and chromatographic method; recruitment of simplex lattice mixture design for optimization of novel sorbent composites. Anal Chim Acta 2021; 1178:338802. [PMID: 34482881 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2021.338802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Revised: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Dispersive micro solid-phase extraction procedure using a novel and selective sorbent prepared from four components was developed as a sample preparation strategy for extracting five organophosphorus pesticides, including fenitrothion, malathion, ethion, and chlorpyrifos, and diazinon in several vegetables, fruit juices, and cow's milk samples. Due to the high importance of the sorbent in the microextraction process, the percentages of sorbent components, including metal-organic framework (ZIF-67), chitosan, magnetic Fe3O4 nanoparticles, and silica nanoparticles, were optimized by a simplex lattice mixture design. After optimizing the sorbent composite, effective parameters on the extraction of organophosphorus pesticides were optimized using a definitive screening design and Box-Behnken design, respectively. A surfactant (Triton X100) as a dispersion agent with a low volume (10 μL) was utilized in the microextraction procedure to reduce the sorbent dispersion time and increase the sorbent dispersion efficiency. Under the optimal conditions, linearity for the determination of fenitrothion, malathion, ethion, chlorpyrifos, and diazinon was in the concentration ranges of 0.13-1100, 0.27-1000, 0.38-1000, 0.21-1200, and 0.11-1100 ng mL-1 with a determination coefficient higher than 0.9906, respectively. The quantitation limits, detection limits, and relative standard deviations (n = 5) were lower than 0.38 ng mL-1, 0.11 ng mL-1, and 4.59% for the determination of organophosphorus pesticides. The method application for measuring OPPs on cucumber, carrot, tomato, apple juice, orange juice, and cow's milk indicated the presence of residual amounts of malathion in a cucumber sample, diazinon in a carrot sample, and chlorpyrifos in a tomato sample.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahdi Ghorbani
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran.
| | - Parisa Mohammadi
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Sabzevar, Iran
| | - Majid Keshavarzi
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Sabzevar, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hossien Saghi
- Department of Environmental Health, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Sabzevar, Iran
| | - Morteza Mohammadi
- School of Medicine, Sechenov University of Medical Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alireza Shams
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Mashhad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad, Iran
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Boyda J, Hawkey AB, Holloway ZR, Trevisan R, Di Giulio RT, Levin ED. The organophosphate insecticide diazinon and aging: Neurobehavioral and mitochondrial effects in zebrafish exposed as embryos or during aging. Neurotoxicol Teratol 2021; 87:107011. [PMID: 34224825 PMCID: PMC8440393 DOI: 10.1016/j.ntt.2021.107011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Revised: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Organophosphate (OP) compounds comprise one of the most widely used classes of insecticides worldwide. OPs have been shown to have negative human health impacts, particularly developmental neurotoxicity. However, neurotoxic impacts in later adulthood and during the aging process are relatively uncharacterized. The present study examined diazinon (DZN), an OP, to determine the neurobehavioral consequences, in addition to mitochondrial dysfunction on a macroscale (whole organism basal respiration) and on a microscale (whole organ mitochondrial respiration), using zebrafish (ZF) as a model. One group of 14-month-old adult ZF were exposed acutely as adults (0.4, 1.25, and 4.0 μM) for five days and tested as adults, and another group was exposed developmentally 5-120 h post-fertilization (70, 210, and 700 nM) and tested at larval, adolescent, adult, and aging life stages. ZF exposed acutely as adults did not display many significant neurobehavioral impacts or mitochondrial dysfunction. Conversely, the embryonically exposed ZF showed altered behavioral functions at each stage of life which emerged and attenuated as fish transitioned from each developmental stage to the next. Mitochondrial oxygen consumptions measurement results for developmentally DZN exposed ZF showed significant increases in the low and middle dose groups in organs such as the brain and testes. Overall, there is an indication that early developmental exposure to DZN had continuing adverse neurobehavioral and cellular consequences throughout their lives well into adulthood and aging periods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonna Boyda
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Andrew B Hawkey
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, School of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Zade R Holloway
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, School of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Rafael Trevisan
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | | | - Edward D Levin
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, School of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.
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Suwannakul B, Sapbamrer R, Wiwattanadittakul N, Hongsibsong S. Prenatal organophosphate exposure can cause adverse birth outcomes to humans. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:45064-45074. [PMID: 33860419 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-13974-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Organophosphate (OP) pesticides may accumulate in pregnant agricultural workers, resulting in adverse effects on the growth and development of the fetus and neonates. This study aims to evaluate a possible association between prenatal urinary OP metabolite levels among pregnant agricultural workers and birth outcomes of infants. This study also investigated the factors associated with urinary OP metabolites among pregnant agricultural workers. The spot urine samples were collected and analyzed for six OP metabolite levels. Birth outcomes data were abstracted from medical records. Multiple regression analysis found that gestational age at childbirth was negatively associated with diethylphosphate (DEP) levels (β = -0.073; 95% CI, -0.121, -0.024). Apgar score at 1 and 5 min after birth were negatively associated with diethyldithiophosphate (DEDTP) levels (β = -0.036; 95% CI, -0.069, -0.003; and β = -0.034, 95% CI, -0.057, -0.011, respectively). In addition, DEDTP levels were negatively associated with maternal age (β = -0.181; 95% CI, -0.339, -0.023), and dimethylphosphate (DMP) levels were positively associated with frequency of agricultural work during pregnancy (β = 31.554; 95% CI, 0.194, 62.914). Our results indicate that prenatal OP exposure can cause adverse birth outcomes in babies. Therefore, it is necessary to develop an effective strategy for reducing prenatal exposure to OP pesticides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boonsita Suwannakul
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, 110 Inthavaroros, Sri Phum Subdistrict, Muang District, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Ratana Sapbamrer
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, 110 Inthavaroros, Sri Phum Subdistrict, Muang District, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand.
| | - Natrujee Wiwattanadittakul
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, 110 Inthavaroros, Sri Phum Subdistrict, Muang District, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Surat Hongsibsong
- School of Health Science, Research Institute for Health Sciences, Chiang Mai University, 110 Inthavaroros, Sri Phum Subdistrict, Muang District, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
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Alampi JD, Lanphear BP, Braun JM, Chen A, Takaro TK, Muckle G, Arbuckle TE, McCandless LC. Association Between Gestational Exposure to Toxicants and Autistic Behaviors Using Bayesian Quantile Regression. Am J Epidemiol 2021; 190:1803-1813. [PMID: 33779718 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwab065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Revised: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder, which is characterized by impaired social communication and stereotypic behaviors, affects 1%-2% of children. Although prenatal exposure to toxicants has been associated with autistic behaviors, most studies have been focused on shifts in mean behavior scores. We used Bayesian quantile regression to assess the associations between log2-transformed toxicant concentrations and autistic behaviors across the distribution of behaviors. We used data from the Maternal-Infant Research on Environmental Chemicals study, a pan-Canadian cohort (2008-2011). We measured metal, pesticide, polychlorinated biphenyl, phthalate, bisphenol-A, and triclosan concentrations in blood or urine samples collected during the first trimester of pregnancy. Using the Social Responsiveness Scale (SRS), in which higher scores denote more autistic-like behaviors, autistic behaviors were assessed in 478 children aged 3-4 years old. Lead, cadmium, and most phthalate metabolites were associated with mild increases in SRS scores at the 90th percentile of the SRS distribution. Manganese and some pesticides were associated with mild decreases in SRS scores at the 90th percentile of the SRS distribution. We identified several monotonic trends in which associations increased in magnitude from the bottom to the top of the SRS distribution. These results suggest that quantile regression can reveal nuanced relationships and, thus, should be more widely used by epidemiologists.
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Eadeh HM, Ismail AA, Abdel Rasoul GM, Hendy OM, Olson JR, Wang K, Bonner MR, Rohlman DS. Evaluation of occupational pesticide exposure on Egyptian male adolescent cognitive and motor functioning. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2021; 197:111137. [PMID: 33839119 PMCID: PMC8187303 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.111137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Revised: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic low-level exposure to organophosphorus pesticides is associated with adverse health effects, including a decline in neurological functioning and long-term impairment. These negative effects may be more detrimental in children and adolescents due to their critical stage in development. Little work has investigated the effects of chronic exposure to pesticides, specifically chlorpyrifos (CPF) during the adolescent period. OBJECTIVES To examine effects of CPF exposure over a year-long period within a group of male adolescents in Egypt (N = 242, mean age = 17.36), including both pesticide applicators and non-applicators. METHODS Associations between average CPF exposure (measured via urinary metabolite levels of 3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinol [TCPy]) and neurobehavioral functioning were examined in a 1-year longitudinal study. Given previous literature, higher levels of TCPy were expected to be associated with worse neurobehavioral functioning. RESULTS Using mixed effects linear regression, average TCPy exposure predicted deficits in more complex neurobehavioral tasks (Benton visual retention, digit span reverse, match to sample, serial digit learning, and alternating tapping) with estimates of effects ranging from -0.049 to 0.031. Age (effects ranging from 0.033 to 0.090) and field station (effects ranging from -1.266 to -0.278) were significantly predictive of neurobehavioral functioning over time. An interaction effect was found for field station and TCPy across several neurobehavioral domains. DISCUSSION Results show that occupational exposure to pesticides may have particularly deleterious effects on complex neurobehavioral domains. Additionally, differences across field stations and the age at which individuals are exposed may be important factors to investigate in future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hana-May Eadeh
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA.
| | - Ahmed A Ismail
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA; Community, Environmental, and Occupational Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Shebin Elkom, Egypt
| | - Gaafar M Abdel Rasoul
- Community, Environmental, and Occupational Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Shebin Elkom, Egypt
| | - Olfat M Hendy
- Department of Clinical Pathology, National Liver Institute, Menoufia University, Shebin Elkom, Egypt
| | - James R Olson
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA; Department of Epidemiology and Environmental Health, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Kai Wang
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Matthew R Bonner
- Department of Epidemiology and Environmental Health, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Diane S Rohlman
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
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Taghizadeh SF, Rezaee R, Azizi M, Hayes AW, Giesy JP, Karimi G. Pesticides, metals, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in date fruits: A probabilistic assessment of risk to health of Iranian consumers. J Food Compost Anal 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2021.103815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Organophosphate Pesticide Exposures in Early and Late Pregnancy Influence Different Aspects of Infant Developmental Performance. TOXICS 2021; 9:toxics9050099. [PMID: 33946194 PMCID: PMC8145728 DOI: 10.3390/toxics9050099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Revised: 04/24/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Organophosphate (OP) pesticides can transfer from mother to fetus via the placenta and amniotic fluid and may affect the development of infants. This study aims to evaluate the associations between maternal OP concentrations collected in the 1st-2nd trimester and the 3rd trimester of pregnancy and the infant developmental performance. The Screening Test of the Bayley Scales of Infants and Toddler Development, Third Edition (BSID-III screening test) was used to assess development performance at 2 and 6 months of age. Multiple regression analysis showed a negative correlation between cognitive performance at 2 months and maternal diethylthiophosphate (DETP) levels in the 1st-2nd trimester (β ± SE = -0.012 ± 0.004, p < 0.05). We also found that expressive communication and fine motor performance at 6 months were negatively associated with maternal diethyldithiophosphate (DEDTP) levels in the 3rd trimester (β ± SE = -0.047 ± 0.016, p < 0.05, and β ± SE = -0.044 ± 0.017, p < 0.05, respectively). These results suggest that maternal ethylated OP concentrations at different timing of exposure during pregnancy may influence different aspects of infant developmental performance.
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Jedynak P, Maitre L, Guxens M, Gützkow KB, Julvez J, López-Vicente M, Sunyer J, Casas M, Chatzi L, Gražulevičienė R, Kampouri M, McEachan R, Mon-Williams M, Tamayo I, Thomsen C, Urquiza J, Vafeiadi M, Wright J, Basagaña X, Vrijheid M, Philippat C. Prenatal exposure to a wide range of environmental chemicals and child behaviour between 3 and 7 years of age - An exposome-based approach in 5 European cohorts. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 763:144115. [PMID: 33422710 PMCID: PMC7840589 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.144115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Revised: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies looking at associations between environmental chemicals and child behaviour usually consider only one exposure or family of exposures. OBJECTIVE This study explores associations between prenatal exposure to a wide range of environmental chemicals and child behaviour. METHODS We studied 708 mother-child pairs from five European cohorts recruited in 2003-2009. We assessed 47 exposure biomarkers from eight chemical exposure families in maternal blood or urine collected during pregnancy. We used the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) to evaluate child behaviour between three and seven years of age. We assessed associations of SDQ scores with exposures using an adjusted least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) considering all exposures simultaneously and an adjusted exposome-wide association study (ExWAS) considering each exposure independently. RESULTS LASSO selected only copper (Cu) as associated with externalizing behaviour. In the ExWAS, bisphenol A [BPA, incidence rate ratio (IRR): 1.06, 95% confidence interval (95%CI): 1.01;1.12] and mono-n-butyl phthalate (MnBP, IRR: 1.06, 95%CI: 1.00;1.13) were associated with greater risk of externalizing behaviour problems. Cu (IRR: 0.90, 95%CI: 0.82;0.98), perfluoroundecanoate (PFUnDA, IRR: 0.92, 95%CI: 0.84;0.99) and organochlorine compounds (OCs) were associated with lower risk of externalizing behaviour problems, however the associations with OCs were mainly seen among women with insufficient weight gain during pregnancy. Internalizing score worsen in association with exposure to diethyl thiophosphate (DETP, IRR: 1.11, 95%CI: 1.00;1.24) but the effect was driven by the smallest cohort. Internalizing score improved with increased concentration of perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS, IRR: 0.92, 95%CI: 0.85;1.00), however the association was driven by the two smallest cohorts with the lowest PFOS concentrations. DISCUSSION This study added evidence on deleterious effects of prenatal exposure to BPA and MnBP on child behaviour. Other associations should be interpreted cautiously since they were not consistent with previous studies or they have not been studied extensively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulina Jedynak
- University Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, CNRS, Team of Environmental Epidemiology applied to Reproduction and Respiratory Health, Institute for Advanced Biosciences (IAB), Grenoble, France.
| | - Léa Maitre
- ISGlobal, Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain; CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Mónica Guxens
- ISGlobal, Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain; CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain; Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychology, Erasmus Medical Centre-Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | | | - Jordi Julvez
- Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), Hospital Universitari Sant Joan de Reus, Reus, Spain; ISGlobal, Barcelona, Spain; CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Mónica López-Vicente
- ISGlobal, Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain; CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain; Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychology, Erasmus Medical Centre-Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Jordi Sunyer
- ISGlobal, Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain; CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Leda Chatzi
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Social Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece; Department of Genetics and Cell Biology, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | | | - Mariza Kampouri
- Department of Social Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Rosie McEachan
- Bradford Institute for Health Research, Bradford Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Bradford, UK
| | - Mark Mon-Williams
- Bradford Institute for Health Research, Bradford Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Bradford, UK
| | - Ibon Tamayo
- ISGlobal, Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain; CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | | | - José Urquiza
- ISGlobal, Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain; CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Marina Vafeiadi
- Department of Social Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
| | - John Wright
- Bradford Institute for Health Research, Bradford Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Bradford, UK
| | - Xavier Basagaña
- ISGlobal, Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain; CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Martine Vrijheid
- ISGlobal, Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain; CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Claire Philippat
- University Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, CNRS, Team of Environmental Epidemiology applied to Reproduction and Respiratory Health, Institute for Advanced Biosciences (IAB), Grenoble, France
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Ubaid Ur Rahman H, Asghar W, Nazir W, Sandhu MA, Ahmed A, Khalid N. A comprehensive review on chlorpyrifos toxicity with special reference to endocrine disruption: Evidence of mechanisms, exposures and mitigation strategies. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 755:142649. [PMID: 33059141 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.142649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2020] [Revised: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 04/15/2023]
Abstract
Chlorpyrifos (CPF) is a broad-spectrum chlorinated organophosphate (OP) pesticide used for the control of a variety of insects and pathogens in crops, fruits, vegetables, as well as households, and various other locations. The toxicity of CPF has been associated with neurological dysfunctions, endocrine disruption, and cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). It can also induce developmental and behavioral anomalies, hematological malignancies, genotoxicity, histopathological aberrations, immunotoxicity, and oxidative stress as evidenced by animal modeling. Moreover, eye irritation and dermatological defects are also reported due to CPF toxicity. The mechanism of action of CPF involves blocking the active sites of the enzyme, acetylcholinesterase (AChE), thereby producing adverse nervous system effects. Although CPF has low persistence in the body, its active metabolites, 3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinol (TCP), and chlorpyrifos-oxon (CPO) are comparatively more persistent, albeit equally toxic, and thus produce serious health complications. The present review has been compiled taking into account the work related to CPF toxicity and provides a brief compilation of CPF-induced defects in animals and humans, emphasizing the abnormalities leading to endocrine disruption, neurotoxicity, reproductive carcinogenesis, and disruptive mammary gland functionality. Moreover, the clinical signs and symptoms associated with the CPF exposure along with the possible pharmacological treatment are reported in this treatise. Additionally, the effect of food processing methods in reducing CPF residues from different agricultural commodities and dietary interventions to curtail the toxicity of CPF has also been discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hafiz Ubaid Ur Rahman
- School of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Management and Technology, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Waqas Asghar
- School of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Management and Technology, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Wahab Nazir
- School of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Management and Technology, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Mansur Abdullah Sandhu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary & Animal Sciences, PMAS-Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi 46300, Pakistan
| | - Anwaar Ahmed
- Institute of Food and Nutrition Sciences, Pir Mehr Ali Shah Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi 46300, Pakistan
| | - Nauman Khalid
- School of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Management and Technology, Lahore, Pakistan.
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Phillips S, Suarez-Torres J, Checkoway H, Lopez-Paredes D, Gahagan S, Suarez-Lopez JR. Acetylcholinesterase activity and thyroid hormone levels in Ecuadorian adolescents living in agricultural settings where organophosphate pesticides are used. Int J Hyg Environ Health 2021; 233:113691. [PMID: 33581413 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2021.113691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Revised: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Organophosphates are frequently applied insecticides that inhibit acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity resulting in cholinergic overstimulation. Limited evidence suggests that organophosphates may alter thyroid hormone levels, although studies have yielded inconsistent findings. We aimed to test the associations between AChE activity, a physiological marker of organophosphate exposure, and thyroid function in adolescents. METHODS We included information of 80 adolescent participants (ages 12-17y in 2016, 53% male) growing up in agricultural settings in Ecuador. We measured fingerstick erythrocytic AChE activity and hemoglobin concentration, and concurrent serum thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) and free-T4 (fT4) concentrations. General linear models were used to test associations which adjusted for demographic and anthropometric variables. TSH associations were further adjusted for fT4. RESULTS The mean (SD) AChE, TSH and fT4 levels were 3.77 U/mL (0.55), 2.82 μIU/ml (1.49) and 1.11 ng/dl (0.13), respectively. Lower AChE activity, indicating greater organophosphate exposure, was marginally associated with greater fT4 concentrations (difference per SD decrease in AChE activity (β) = 0.03 ng/dL, [90% CI: 0.00, 0.06]) but not with TSH (β = -0.01 μIU/ml, [-0.38, 0.36]). Gender modified the AChE-TSH association (p = 0.03). In girls, lower AChE activity was associated with higher fT4 levels (β=0.05 ng/dL [0.01, 0.10]) and lower TSH concentrations (β = -0.51 μIU/ml, [-1.00, -0.023]). No associations were observed in boys. DISCUSSION These cross-sectional findings suggest that alterations in the cholinergic system from organophosphate exposures can increase fT4 levels coupled with a beyond-compensatory downregulation of TSH in female adolescents. This is the first study to characterize these associations in adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Phillips
- School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | | | - Harvey Checkoway
- Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health and Human Longevity Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | | | - Sheila Gahagan
- School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Jose Ricardo Suarez-Lopez
- School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA; Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health and Human Longevity Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
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Dórea JG. Exposure to environmental neurotoxic substances and neurodevelopment in children from Latin America and the Caribbean. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2021; 192:110199. [PMID: 32941839 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2020.110199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Revised: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Environmental (and occupational) exposure to neurotoxic substances is a worldwide problem that can affect children's neurodevelopment (ND). In Latin American and Caribbean (LAC) countries there are over 300 million children living under the threat of neurodevelopmental delays due to toxic environmental exposure. Large industrial centers, intense mining and agricultural activities, along with changing complex ecosystems constitute a mosaic that drives contamination of air, water and the food chain. Neurotoxic contaminants such as pesticides (organochlorines, organophosphates, carbamates, pyrethroids, neonicotinoids, and manganese fungicides), chemicals of industrial use (phthalates), and metals (Hg, Pb, Al, As, F, Cd, Mo, Mn) are at the center of environmental exposure studies. Exposure to neurotoxic substances singly or in combination with other compounds or socioeconomic stressors (maternal education, socio-economic and nutritional status) intertwined with occupational and para-occupational exposure can affect ND (motor, cognition, behavior) of children. Significant negative effects of pesticides and neurotoxic elements on ND were found in all studied countries, affecting especially the less-privileged children from laboring families. Studies showed that exposures to the neurotoxicants in human milk are secondary to their more lasting effects during prenatal exposure. This review integrates exposure (prenatal and breastfeeding), metabolism, and ND effects of neurotoxicants. It highlights the overwhelming evidence showing that current levels of exposures are hazardous and detrimental to children's ND in LAC countries. The evidence indicates that a reduction in neurotoxicant exposure is essential to protect children's ND. Therefore, it is urgent to adopt policies and actions that prevent and remediate region-specific children's ND issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- José G Dórea
- Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, 70919-970, DF, Brazil.
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Juntarawijit Y, Chaichanawirote U, Rakmeesri P, Chairattanasakda P, Pumyim V, Juntarawijit C. Chlorpyrifos and other pesticide exposure and suspected developmental delay in children aged under 5 years: a case-control study in Phitsanulok, Thailand. F1000Res 2020; 9:1501. [PMID: 34557296 PMCID: PMC8442115 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.27874.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 08/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Developmental delay among children under 5 years of age is a serious global public health problem and much research has been carried out to find potential causes. Pesticides - especially organophosphates - are suspected to be one of the main causes of the problem. This study aimed to investigate the association between pesticide use by the mother during pregnancy and preschool children development using a case-control study. Methods: Data on prenatal and postnatal pesticide exposure of 442 children with suspected developmental delay, and 413 controls with normal development were included for analysis. The children were matched for gender, age, and residency. Data on pesticide exposure were collected via interview with the mother, and data on pregnancy outcomes abstracted from hospital records. Results: Chlorpyrifos exposure significantly increased the risk of developmental delay with an odds ratio (OR) of 3.71 (95% CI 1.03-13.36) for ever use of the pesticide, and an OR of 5.92 (95% CI 1.01-34.68) for postnatal exposure (p <0.05). Some other pesticides also had a positive association with developmental delay but none were statistically significant (p <0.05). Those pesticides were insecticide, fungicide, herbicide, and molluscicide. Individual pesticides with a positive association were glyphosate, paraquat, butachlor, methyl parathion (pholidon), savin, methomyl, endosulfan, carbosulfan, methamidophos, monochrotofos, mancozeb, and bordeaumixture. Conclusions: This case-control study found that chlorpyrifos and some other pesticides exposure during pregnancy were positively associated with developmental delay in children aged under 5 years. Further research should be conducted to better understand this potential effects of pesticides on child neurodevelopment, and the public - especially those who plan to have families - should be informed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Paphada Rakmeesri
- Faculty of Nursing, Kamphaeng Phet Rajabhat University, Kamphaeng Phet, 62000, Thailand
| | | | - Varintorn Pumyim
- Jomthong Health Promoting Hospital, Muang District Health Office, Phitsanulok, 65000, Thailand
| | - Chudchawal Juntarawijit
- Faculty of Natural Resources and Environment, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, 65000, Thailand
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van den Dries MA, Lamballais S, El Marroun H, Pronk A, Spaan S, Ferguson KK, Longnecker MP, Tiemeier H, Guxens M. Prenatal exposure to organophosphate pesticides and brain morphology and white matter microstructure in preadolescents. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2020; 191:110047. [PMID: 32805249 PMCID: PMC7657967 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2020.110047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2020] [Revised: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prenatal exposure to organophosphate (OP) pesticides associate with impaired neurodevelopment in humans and animal models. However, much uncertainty exists about the brain structural alterations underlying these associations. The objective of this study was to determine whether maternal OP pesticide metabolite concentrations in urine repeatedly measured during gestation are associated with brain morphology and white matter microstructure in 518 preadolescents aged 9-12 years. METHOD Data came from 518 mother-child pairs participating in the Generation R Study, a population-based birth cohort from Rotterdam, the Netherlands. Maternal urine concentrations were determined for 6 dialkylphosphates (DAPs) including 3 dimethyl (DM) and 3 diethyl (DE) alkyl phosphate metabolites, collected at early, mid, and late pregnancy. At child's age 9-12 years, magnetic resonance imaging was performed to obtain T1-weighted images for brain volumes and surface-based cortical thickness and cortical surface area, and diffusion tensor imaging was used to measure white matter microstructure through fractional anisotropy (FA) and mean diffusivity (MD). Linear regression models were fit for the averaged prenatal exposure across pregnancy. RESULTS DM and DE metabolite concentrations were not associated with brain volumes, cortical thickness, and cortical surface area. However, a 10-fold increase in averaged DM metabolite concentrations across pregnancy was associated with lower FA (B = -1.00, 95%CI = -1.80, -0.20) and higher MD (B = 0.13, 95%CI = 0.04, 0.21). Similar associations were observed for DE concentrations. CONCLUSIONS This study provides the first evidence that OP pesticides may alter normal white matter microstructure in children, which could have consequences for normal neurodevelopment. No associations were observed with structural brain morphology, including brain volumes, cortical thickness, and cortical surface area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michiel A van den Dries
- Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Rotterdam, 3015 CN, the Netherlands; Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, The Generation R Study Group, Rotterdam, 3015 CN, the Netherlands
| | - Sander Lamballais
- Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, The Generation R Study Group, Rotterdam, 3015 CN, the Netherlands; Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Department of Epidemiology, Rotterdam, 3015 CN, the Netherlands; Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Department of Clinical Genetics, Rotterdam, 3015 CN, the Netherlands
| | - Hanan El Marroun
- Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Rotterdam, 3015 CN, the Netherlands; Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Department of Pediatrics, Rotterdam, 3015 CN, the Netherlands; Department of Psychology, Education and Child Studies, Erasmus School of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Erasmus University Rotterdam, 3062 PA, the Netherlands
| | - Anjoeka Pronk
- Department of Risk Analysis for Products in Development, TNO, Utrecht, 3584 CB, the Netherlands
| | - Suzanne Spaan
- Department of Risk Analysis for Products in Development, TNO, Utrecht, 3584 CB, the Netherlands
| | - Kelly K Ferguson
- Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Durham, North Carolina, NC, 27709, USA
| | | | - Henning Tiemeier
- Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Rotterdam, 3015 CN, the Netherlands; Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Mònica Guxens
- Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Rotterdam, 3015 CN, the Netherlands; ISGlobal, Barcelona, 08003, Spain; Pompeu Fabra University, Barcelona, 08002, Spain; Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029, Spain.
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Thorson JLM, Beck D, Ben Maamar M, Nilsson EE, Skinner MK. Epigenome-wide association study for pesticide (Permethrin and DEET) induced DNA methylation epimutation biomarkers for specific transgenerational disease. Environ Health 2020; 19:109. [PMID: 33148267 PMCID: PMC7643320 DOI: 10.1186/s12940-020-00666-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Permethrin and N,N-diethyl-meta-toluamide (DEET) are the pesticides and insect repellent most commonly used by humans. These pesticides have been shown to promote the epigenetic transgenerational inheritance of disease in rats. The current study was designed as an epigenome-wide association study (EWAS) to identify potential sperm DNA methylation epimutation biomarkers for specific transgenerational disease. METHODS Outbred Sprague Dawley gestating female rats (F0) were transiently exposed during fetal gonadal sex determination to the pesticide combination including Permethrin and DEET. The F3 generation great-grand offspring within the pesticide lineage were aged to 1 year. The transgenerational adult male rat sperm were collected from individuals with single and multiple diseases and compared to non-diseased animals to identify differential DNA methylation regions (DMRs) as biomarkers for specific transgenerational disease. RESULTS The exposure of gestating female rats to a permethrin and DEET pesticide combination promoted transgenerational testis disease, prostate disease, kidney disease, and the presence of multiple disease in the subsequent F3 generation great-grand offspring. The disease DMRs were found to be disease specific with negligible overlap between different diseases. The genomic features of CpG density, DMR length, and chromosomal locations of the disease specific DMRs were investigated. Interestingly, the majority of the disease specific sperm DMR associated genes have been previously found to be linked to relevant disease specific genes. CONCLUSIONS Observations demonstrate the EWAS approach identified disease specific biomarkers that can be potentially used to assess transgenerational disease susceptibility and facilitate the clinical management of environmentally induced pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer L M Thorson
- Center for Reproductive Biology, School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, 99164-4236, USA
| | - Daniel Beck
- Center for Reproductive Biology, School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, 99164-4236, USA
| | - Millissia Ben Maamar
- Center for Reproductive Biology, School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, 99164-4236, USA
| | - Eric E Nilsson
- Center for Reproductive Biology, School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, 99164-4236, USA
| | - Michael K Skinner
- Center for Reproductive Biology, School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, 99164-4236, USA.
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50
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Zijlmans W, Wickliffe J, Hindori-Mohangoo A, MacDonald-Ottevanger S, Ouboter P, Landburg G, Codrington J, Roosblad J, Baldewsingh G, Ramjatan R, Gokoel A, Abdoel Wahid F, Fortes Soares L, Alcala C, Boedhoe E, Grünberg AW, Hawkins W, Shankar A, Harville E, Drury SS, Covert H, Lichtveld M. Caribbean Consortium for Research in Environmental and Occupational Health (CCREOH) Cohort Study: influences of complex environmental exposures on maternal and child health in Suriname. BMJ Open 2020; 10:e034702. [PMID: 32928846 PMCID: PMC7488800 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2019-034702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The Caribbean Consortium for Research in Environmental and Occupational Health prospective environmental epidemiologic cohort study addresses the impact of chemical and non-chemical environmental exposures on mother/child dyads in Suriname. The study determines associations between levels of environmental elements and toxicants in pregnant women, and birth outcomes and neurodevelopment in their children. PARTICIPANTS Pregnant women (N=1143) were enrolled from December 2016 to July 2019 from three regions of Suriname: Paramaribo (N=738), Nickerie (N=204) and the tropical rainforest interior (N=201). Infants (N=992) were enrolled at birth. Follow-up will take place until children are 48 months old. FINDINGS TO DATE Biospecimens and questionnaire data on physiological and psychosocial health in pregnant women have been analysed. 39.1% had hair mercury (Hg) levels exceeding values considered safe by international standards. Median hair Hg concentrations in women from Paramaribo (N=522) were 0.64 µg/g hair (IQRs 0.36-1.09; range 0.00-7.12), from Nickerie (N=176) 0.73 µg/g (IQR 0.45-1.05; range 0.00-5.79) and the interior (N=178) 3.48 µg/g (IQR 1.92-7.39; range 0.38-18.20). 96.1% of women ate fish, respective consumption of the three most consumed carnivorous species, Hoplias aimara, Serrasalmus rhombeus and Cichla ocellaris, known to have high Hg levels, was 44.4%, 19.3% and 26.3%, respectively, and was greater among the interior subcohort. 89% frequently consumed the vegetable tannia, samples of which showed presence of worldwide banned pesticides. 24.9% of pregnant women had Edinburgh Depression Scale scores indicative of probable depression. FUTURE PLANS Fish consumption advisories are in development, especially relevant to interior women for whom fish consumption is likely to be the primary source of Hg exposure. Effects of potentially beneficial neuroprotective factors in fish that may counter neurotoxic effects of Hg are being examined. A pesticide literacy assessment in pregnant women is in progress. Neurodevelopmental assessments and telomere length measurements of the children to evaluate long-term effects of prenatal exposures to toxicant mixtures are ongoing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wilco Zijlmans
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Pediatrics, Anton de Kom University of Suriname, Paramaribo, Suriname
- Scientific Research Center Suriname, Academic Hospital Paramaribo, Paramaribo, Suriname
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA, United States of America
| | - Jeffrey Wickliffe
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA, United States of America
| | - Ashna Hindori-Mohangoo
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA, United States of America
- Foundation for Perinatal Interventions and Research in Suriname (Perisur), Paramaribo, Suriname
| | - Sigrid MacDonald-Ottevanger
- Scientific Research Center Suriname, Academic Hospital Paramaribo, Paramaribo, Suriname
- Department of Clinical Chemistry Medical Microbiology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Paul Ouboter
- Institute for Neotropical Wildlife & Environmental Studies, Paramaribo, Suriname
| | - Gwendolyn Landburg
- National Zoological Collection of Suriname/Center for Environmental Research, Anton de Kom University of Suriname, Paramaribo, Suriname
| | - John Codrington
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Academic Hospital Paramaribo, Paramaribo, Suriname
| | - Jimmy Roosblad
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Pediatrics, Anton de Kom University of Suriname, Paramaribo, Suriname
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Academic Hospital Paramaribo, Paramaribo, Suriname
| | - Gaitree Baldewsingh
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Pediatrics, Anton de Kom University of Suriname, Paramaribo, Suriname
- Medical Mission Primary Health Care Suriname, Paramaribo, Suriname
| | - Radha Ramjatan
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Pediatrics, Anton de Kom University of Suriname, Paramaribo, Suriname
- Regional Health Service, Nickerie, Suriname
| | - Anisma Gokoel
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Pediatrics, Anton de Kom University of Suriname, Paramaribo, Suriname
- Scientific Research Center Suriname, Academic Hospital Paramaribo, Paramaribo, Suriname
| | - Firoz Abdoel Wahid
- Scientific Research Center Suriname, Academic Hospital Paramaribo, Paramaribo, Suriname
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA, United States of America
| | - Lissa Fortes Soares
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA, United States of America
| | - Cecilia Alcala
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA, United States of America
| | - Esther Boedhoe
- Scientific Research Center Suriname, Academic Hospital Paramaribo, Paramaribo, Suriname
| | - Antoon W Grünberg
- Foundation for Perinatal Interventions and Research in Suriname (Perisur), Paramaribo, Suriname
- Department of Public Health, Ministry of Health, Paramaribo, Suriname
| | - William Hawkins
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA, United States of America
- Department of Health Policy, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States of America
| | - Arti Shankar
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA, United States of America
| | - Emily Harville
- Epidemiology, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - S S Drury
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Hannah Covert
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA, United States of America
| | - Maureen Lichtveld
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA, United States of America
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