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Li M, Zhou X, Huang D, Zhao Y, Chen J, Dong Z, Chen W, Zhang F, Sun L. Unveiling the Pharmacological Mechanisms of Davidiin's Anti-Diabetic Efficacy in Streptozotocin-Treated Rats: A Comprehensive Analysis of Serum Metabolome. Drug Des Devel Ther 2024; 18:1981-1996. [PMID: 38855535 PMCID: PMC11162635 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s459931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Polygonum capitatum Buch.-Ham. ex D. Don (P. capitatum), a traditional herb used in Miao medicine, is renowned for its heart-clearing properties. Davidiin, the primary bioactive component (approximately 1%), has been used to treat various conditions, including diabetes. Given its wide range of effects and the diverse biomolecular pathways involved in diabetes, there is a crucial need to study how davidiin interacts with these pathways to better understand its anti-diabetic properties. Materials and Methods Diabetic rats were induced using a high-fat diet and streptozotocin (STZ) administered intraperitoneally at 35 mg/kg. Out of these, 24 rats with blood glucose levels ≥ 11.1 mmol/L and fasting blood glucose levels ≥ 7.0 mmol/L were selected for three experimental groups. These groups were then treated with either metformin (gavage, 140 mg/kg) or davidiin (gavage, 90 mg/kg) for four weeks. After the treatment period, we measured body weight, blood glucose levels, and conducted untargeted metabolic profiling using UPLC-QTOF-MS. Results Davidiin has been shown to effectively treat diabetes by reducing blood glucose levels from 30.2 ± 2.6 mmol/L to 25.1 ± 2.4 mmol/L (P < 0.05). This effect appears stronger than that of metformin, which lowered glucose levels to 26.5 ± 2.6 mmol/L. The primary outcomes of serum metabolomics are significant changes in lipid and lipid-like molecular profiles. Firstly, davidiin may affect phosphatide metabolism by increasing levels of phosphatidylinositol and sphingosine-1-phosphate. Secondly, davidiin could influence cholesterol metabolism by reducing levels of glycocholic acid and glycochenodeoxycholic acid. Lastly, davidiin might impact steroid hormone metabolism by increasing hepoxilin B3 levels and decreasing prostaglandins. Conclusion Our study demonstrates that davidiin modulates various lipid-related metabolic pathways to exert its anti-diabetic effects. These findings offer the first detailed metabolic profile of davidiin's action mechanism, contributing valuable insights to the field of Traditional Chinese Medicine in the context of diabetes treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingming Li
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Pharmacy, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200003, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xin Zhou
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, People’s Republic of China
| | - Doudou Huang
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yingkui Zhao
- Department of Pharmacy, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200003, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiani Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200003, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhiying Dong
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wansheng Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Pharmacy, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200003, People’s Republic of China
| | - Feng Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200003, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lianna Sun
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, People’s Republic of China
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Berlin E, Lork AA, Bornecrantz M, Ernst C, Phan NTN. Lipid organization and turnover in the plasma membrane of human differentiating neural progenitor cells revealed by time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry imaging. Talanta 2024; 272:125762. [PMID: 38394748 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2024.125762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
Membrane lipids have been known to influence multiple signalling and cellular processes. Dysregulation of lipids at the neuronal membrane is connected to a significant alteration of the brain function and morphology, leading to brain diseases and neurodegeneration. Understanding the lipid composition and turnover of neuronal membrane will provide a significant insight into the molecular events underlying the regulatory effects of these biomolecules in a neuronal system. In this study, we aimed to characterize the composition and turnover of the plasma membrane lipids in human neural progenitor cells (NPCs) at an early differentiation stage into midbrain neurons using ToF-SIMS imaging. Lipid composition of the native plasma membrane was explored, followed by an examination of the lipid turnover using different isotopically labelled lipid precursors, including 13C-choline, 13C-lauric acid, 15N-linoleic, and 13C-stearic. Our results showed that differentiating NPCs contain a high abundance of ceramides, glycerophosphoserines, neutral glycosphingolipids, diradylglycerols, and glycerophosphocholines at the plasma membrane. In addition, different precursors were found to incorporate into different membrane lipids which are specific for the short- or long-carbon chains, and the unsaturation or saturation stage of the precursors. The lipid structure of neuronal membrane reflects the differentiation status of NPCs, and it can be altered significantly using a particular lipid precursor. Our study illustrates a potential of ToF-SIMS imaging to study native plasma membrane lipids and elucidate complex cellular processes by providing molecular -rich information at a single cell level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel Berlin
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, SE-412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Alicia A Lork
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, SE-412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Martin Bornecrantz
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, SE-412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Carl Ernst
- McGill University, Montreal Neurological Institute, Montreal, H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Nhu T N Phan
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, SE-412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden.
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3
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Yang X, Lu X, Wang L, Bai L, Yao R, Jia Z, Ma Y, Chen Y, Hao H, Wu X, Wang Z, Wang Y. Stearic acid promotes lipid synthesis through CD36/Fyn/FAK/mTORC1 axis in bovine mammary epithelial cells. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 253:127324. [PMID: 37838116 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.127324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Revised: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/16/2023]
Abstract
Stearic acid (C18:0, SA) is a saturated long-chain fatty acid (LCFA) that has a prominent function in lactating dairy cows. It is obtained primarily from the diet and is stored in the form of triacylglycerol (TAG) molecules. The transmembrane glycoprotein cluster of differentiation 36 (CD36) is also known as fatty acid translocase, but whether SA promotes lipid synthesis through CD36 and FAK/mTORC1 signaling is unknown. In this study, we examined the function and mechanism of CD36-mediated SA-induced lipid synthesis in bovine mammary epithelial cells (BMECs). SA-enriched supplements enhanced lipid synthesis and the FAK/mTORC1 pathway in BMECs. SA-induced lipid synthesis, FAK/mTORC1 signaling, and the expression of lipogenic genes were impaired by anti-CD36 and the CD36-specific inhibitor SSO, whereas overexpression of CD36 effected the opposite results. Inhibition of FAK/mTORC1 by TAE226/Rapamycin attenuated SA-induced TAG synthesis, inactivated FAK/mTORC1 signaling, and downregulated the lipogenic genes PPARG, CD36, ACSL1, SCD, GPAT4, LIPIN1, and DGAT1 at the mRNA and protein levels in BMECs. By coimmunoprecipitation and yeast two-hybrid screen, CD36 interacted directly with Fyn but not Lyn, and Fyn bound directly to FAK; FAK also interacted directly with TSC2. CD36 linked FAK through Fyn, and FAK coupled mTORC1 through TSC2 to form the CD36/Fyn/FAK/mTORC1 signaling axis. Thus, stearic acid promotes lipogenesis through CD36 and Fyn/FAK/mTORC1 signaling in BMECs. Our findings provide novel insights into the underlying molecular mechanisms by which LCFA supplements promote lipid synthesis in BMECs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoru Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010021, China
| | - Xinyue Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010021, China; College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Liping Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010021, China
| | - Linfeng Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010021, China
| | - Ruiyuan Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010021, China; School of Basic Medical Science, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot 010110, China
| | - Zhibo Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010021, China
| | - Yuze Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010021, China
| | - Yuhao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010021, China; School of Life Sciences, Jining Normal University, Jining 012000, China
| | - Huifang Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010021, China
| | - Xiaotong Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010021, China.
| | - Zhigang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010021, China.
| | - Yanfeng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010021, China.
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Özdemir Ö, Çöl Z, Ertürk Ö. Efficacy of Bee Products (Anzer Honey, Pollen and Propolis) in Detection and Healing of Damage Induced by Antidiabetic Drug Vildagliptin/Metformin Hydrochloride in Healthy Human Pancreatic Cells: Cytotoxic, Genotoxic and Biochemical Studies. Curr Med Sci 2023; 43:1173-1182. [PMID: 38153628 DOI: 10.1007/s11596-023-2812-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Although drugs are powerful therapeutic agents, they have a range of side effects. These side effects are sometimes cellular and not clinically noticeable. Vildagliptin/metformin hydrochloride is one of the most widely used oral antidiabetic drugs with two active ingredients. In this study, we investigated its harmful effects on the metabolic activation system in healthy human pancreatic cells "hTERT-HPNE", and we aimed to improve these harmful effects by natural products. To benefit from the healing effect, we used the unique natural products produced by the bees of the Anzer Plateau in the Eastern Black Sea Region of Turkey. METHODS Cytotoxic and genotoxic effects of the drug were investigated by different tests, such as MTT, flow cytometry-apoptosis and comet assays. Anzer honey, pollen and propolis were analyzed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (G/C-MS). A total of 19 compounds were detected, constituting 99.9% of the samples. RESULTS The decrease in cell viability at all drug concentrations was statistically significant compared to the negative control (P<0.05). A statistically significant decrease was detected in the apoptosis caused by vildagliptin/metformin hydrochloride with the supplementation of Anzer honey, pollen and propolis in hTERT-HPNE cells (P<0.05). CONCLUSION This study can contribute to other studies testing the healing properties of natural products against the side effects of oral antidiabetics in human cells. In particular, Anzer honey, pollen and propolis can be used as additional foods to maintain cell viability and improve heal damage and can be evaluated against side effects in other drug studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Özlem Özdemir
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Ordu University, Ordu, 52200, Turkey.
| | - Zinet Çöl
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Sciences and Letters, Ordu University, Ordu, 52200, Turkey
| | - Ömer Ertürk
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Sciences and Letters, Ordu University, Ordu, 52200, Turkey
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5
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Wawrzyniak R, Grešner P, Lewicka E, Macioszek S, Furga A, Zieba B, J Markuszewski M, Da Browska-Kugacka A. Metabolomics Meets Clinics: A Multivariate Analysis of Plasma and Urine Metabolic Signatures in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension. J Proteome Res 2023. [PMID: 37827514 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.3c00255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a severe, multifactorial, and frequently misdiagnosed disorder. The aim of this observational study was to compare the plasma and urine metabolomic profiles of PAH patients and healthy control subjects. Plasma and urine metabolomic profiles were analyzed using the GC-MS technique. Correlations between metabolite levels and clinical parameters among PAH patients, as well as the between-group differences, were evaluated. The linear discriminant analysis model, which allows for subject classification in terms of PAH with the highest possible precision, was developed and proposed. Plasma pyruvic acid, cholesterol, threonine, urine 3-(3-hydroxyphenyl)-3-hydroxypropanoic acid, butyric acid, 1,2-benzenediol, glucoheptonic acid, and 2-oxo-glutaric acid were found to build a relatively accurate classification model for PAH patients. The model reached an accuracy of 91% and significantly improved subject classification (OR = 119 [95% CI: 20.3-698.3], p < 0.0001). Five metabolites were detected in urine that provide easily available and noninvasive tests as compared to right heart catheterization. The selected panel of metabolites has potential for early recognition of patients with dyspnea and faster referral to a reference center.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renata Wawrzyniak
- Department of Biopharmaceutics and Pharmacodynamics, Medical University of Gdańsk, Hallera 107, 80-416 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Peter Grešner
- Laboratory of Translational Oncology, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Gdańsk and Medical University of Gdańsk, Dȩbinki 1, 80-211 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Ewa Lewicka
- Department of Cardiology and Electrotherapy, Medical University of Gdansk, Debinki 7, 80-210 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Szymon Macioszek
- Department of Biopharmaceutics and Pharmacodynamics, Medical University of Gdańsk, Hallera 107, 80-416 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Artur Furga
- Department of General, Endocrine and Transplant Surgery, Invasive Medicine Center, Medical University of Gdańsk, 80-214 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Bożena Zieba
- First Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Gdansk, Smoluchowskiego 17, 80-214 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Michał J Markuszewski
- Department of Biopharmaceutics and Pharmacodynamics, Medical University of Gdańsk, Hallera 107, 80-416 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Alicja Da Browska-Kugacka
- Department of Cardiology and Electrotherapy, Medical University of Gdansk, Debinki 7, 80-210 Gdańsk, Poland
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Ntambi JM, Stover PJ. A Conversation with James Ntambi. Annu Rev Nutr 2023; 43:1-23. [PMID: 37253680 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-nutr-061021-020321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
An interview with James M. Ntambi, professor of biochemistry and the Katherine Berns Van Donk Steenbock Professor in Nutrition, College of Agricultural and Life Sciences, at the University of Wisconsin-Madison, took place via Zoom in April 2022. He was interviewed by Patrick J. Stover, director of the Institute for Advancing Health through Agriculture and professor of nutrition and biochemistry and biophysics at Texas A&M University. Dr. James Ntambi is a true pioneer in the field of nutritional biochemistry. He was among the very first to discover and elucidate the role that diet and nutrients play in regulating metabolism through changes in the expression of metabolic genes, focusing on the de novo lipogenesis pathways. As an African immigrant from Uganda, his love of science and his life experiences in African communities suffering from severe malnutrition molded his scientific interests at the interface of biochemistry and nutrition. Throughout his career, he has been an academic role model, a groundbreaking nutrition scientist, and an educator. His commitment to experiential learning through the many study-abroad classes he has hosted in Uganda has provided invaluable context for American students in nutrition. Dr. Ntambi's passion for education and scientific discovery is his legacy, and the field of nutrition has benefited enormously from his unique perspectives and contributions to science that are defined by his scientific curiosity, his generosity to his students and colleagues, and his life experiences. The following is an edited transcript.
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Affiliation(s)
- James M Ntambi
- Departments of Biochemistry and Nutritional Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA;
| | - Patrick J Stover
- College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
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7
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Bai H, Zhang M, Zhao Y, Wang R, Zhang G, Lambo MT, Zhang Y, Li Y, Wang L. Altering the ratio of palmitic, stearic, and oleic acids in dietary fat affects nutrient digestibility, plasma metabolites, growth performance, carcass, meat quality, and lipid metabolism gene expression of Angus bulls. Meat Sci 2023; 199:109138. [PMID: 36796287 DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2023.109138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
Abstract
This study evaluated the effects of changing the ratio of palmitic, stearic, and oleic acids in dietary fat on nutritional metabolism, growth performance, and meat quality of finishing Angus bulls. Bulls received the following three treatments: (1) a control diet without fat supplement (CON), (2) CON + mixed fatty acid supplement (58% C16:0 + 28% cis-9 C18:1; MIX), (3) CON + saturated fatty acid supplement (87% C16:0 + 10% C18:0; SFA). In summary, both fat treatment diets simultaneously increased saturated fatty acids C16:0 (P = 0.025), C18:0 (P < 0.001) and total monounsaturated fatty acids (P = 0.008) in muscle, thus balancing the ratio of unsaturated to saturated fatty acids in muscle. MIX diet increased the digestibility of dry matter (P = 0.014), crude protein (P = 0.038), and ether extract (P = 0.036). SFA diet increased the daily gain (P = 0.032) and intramuscular fat content (P = 0.043). The high content of C16:0 and C18:0 in the SFA diet promoted weight gain and fat deposition of beef cattle by increasing feed intake, up-regulating the expression of lipid uptake genes and increasing deposition of total fatty acids, resulting in better growth performance and meat quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haixin Bai
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Meimei Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Yufan Zhao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Ruixue Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Guangning Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Modinat Tolani Lambo
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Yonggen Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Yang Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China.
| | - Liang Wang
- Research Institute of Applied Technologies, Honghe University, Mengzi 661199, China.
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de la Garza AL, Martínez-Tamez AM, Mellado-Negrete A, Arjonilla-Becerra S, Peña-Vázquez GI, Marín-Obispo LM, Hernández-Brenes C. Characterization of the Cafeteria Diet as Simulation of the Human Western Diet and Its Impact on the Lipidomic Profile and Gut Microbiota in Obese Rats. Nutrients 2022; 15:nu15010086. [PMID: 36615745 PMCID: PMC9823988 DOI: 10.3390/nu15010086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The obesity pandemic has been strongly associated with the Western diet, characterized by the consumption of ultra-processed foods. The Western lifestyle causes gut dysbiosis leading to impaired fatty acid metabolism. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate shifts in gut microbiota and correlate these with serum fatty acid profiles in male Wistar rats fed a cafeteria diet. Ten male rats were fed with standard diet (CTL, n = 5) and cafeteria diet (CAF, n = 5) for fifteen weeks. Body weight and food intake were recorded once and three times per week, respectively. At the end of the study, fresh fecal samples were collected, tissues were removed, and serum samples were obtained for further analyses. Gut microbiota was analyzed by sequencing the V3-V4 region of 16S rRNA gene. Serum fatty acid profiles were fractioned and quantified via gas chromatography. The CAF diet induced an obese phenotype accompanied by impaired serum fatty acids, finding significantly higher proportions of total saturated fatty acids (SFAs) and C20:3 n-6, and lower C18:1 n-7 and C18:3 n-3 in the phospholipid (PL) fraction. Furthermore, circulating C10:0, total n-3 and n-7 decreased and total monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs), including oleic acid C18:1 n-9, increased in the cholesterol ester (CE) fraction. The obesity metabotype may be mediated by gut dysbiosis caused by a cafeteria diet rich in C16:0, C18:0, C18:1 n-9 and C18:2 n-6 fatty acids resulting in a 34:1 omega-6/omega-3 ratio. Therefore, circulating C10:0 was associated with several genera bacteria such as Prevotella (positive) and Anaerotruncus (negative). Two classes of Firmicutes, Bacilli and Erysipelotrichi, were positively correlated with PL- C20:3 n-6 and CE- 18:1 n-9, respectively. TM7 and Bacteroidetes were inversely correlated with PL-SFAs and CE- 18:2 n-6, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Laura de la Garza
- Centro de Investigación en Nutrición y Salud Pública, Facultad de Salud Pública y Nutrición, Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon, Monterrey 64460, Mexico
- Unidad de Nutrición, Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon, Monterrey 64460, Mexico
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +52-(81)-13404890 (ext. 1916)
| | - Alejandra Mayela Martínez-Tamez
- Centro de Investigación en Nutrición y Salud Pública, Facultad de Salud Pública y Nutrición, Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon, Monterrey 64460, Mexico
| | - Anael Mellado-Negrete
- Centro de Investigación en Nutrición y Salud Pública, Facultad de Salud Pública y Nutrición, Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon, Monterrey 64460, Mexico
| | - Sofía Arjonilla-Becerra
- Centro de Investigación en Nutrición y Salud Pública, Facultad de Salud Pública y Nutrición, Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon, Monterrey 64460, Mexico
| | - Gloria Itzel Peña-Vázquez
- Centro de Investigación en Nutrición y Salud Pública, Facultad de Salud Pública y Nutrición, Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon, Monterrey 64460, Mexico
| | - Luis Martín Marín-Obispo
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Campus Monterrey, Monterrey 64849, Mexico
| | - Carmen Hernández-Brenes
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Campus Monterrey, Monterrey 64849, Mexico
- Integrative Biology Unit, The Institute for Obesity Research, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Monterrey 64849, Mexico
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Shegani A, Kealey S, Luzi F, Basagni F, Machado JDM, Ekici SD, Ferocino A, Gee AD, Bongarzone S. Radiosynthesis, Preclinical, and Clinical Positron Emission Tomography Studies of Carbon-11 Labeled Endogenous and Natural Exogenous Compounds. Chem Rev 2022; 123:105-229. [PMID: 36399832 PMCID: PMC9837829 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.2c00398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The presence of positron emission tomography (PET) centers at most major hospitals worldwide, along with the improvement of PET scanner sensitivity and the introduction of total body PET systems, has increased the interest in the PET tracer development using the short-lived radionuclides carbon-11. In the last few decades, methodological improvements and fully automated modules have allowed the development of carbon-11 tracers for clinical use. Radiolabeling natural compounds with carbon-11 by substituting one of the backbone carbons with the radionuclide has provided important information on the biochemistry of the authentic compounds and increased the understanding of their in vivo behavior in healthy and diseased states. The number of endogenous and natural compounds essential for human life is staggering, ranging from simple alcohols to vitamins and peptides. This review collates all the carbon-11 radiolabeled endogenous and natural exogenous compounds synthesised to date, including essential information on their radiochemistry methodologies and preclinical and clinical studies in healthy subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Shegani
- School
of Biomedical Engineering & Imaging Sciences, King’s College London, King’s Health Partners, St Thomas’ Hospital, London SE1 7EH, United Kingdom
| | - Steven Kealey
- School
of Biomedical Engineering & Imaging Sciences, King’s College London, King’s Health Partners, St Thomas’ Hospital, London SE1 7EH, United Kingdom
| | - Federico Luzi
- School
of Biomedical Engineering & Imaging Sciences, King’s College London, King’s Health Partners, St Thomas’ Hospital, London SE1 7EH, United Kingdom
| | - Filippo Basagni
- Department
of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Alma Mater
Studiorum−University of Bologna, via Belmeloro 6, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Joana do Mar Machado
- School
of Biomedical Engineering & Imaging Sciences, King’s College London, King’s Health Partners, St Thomas’ Hospital, London SE1 7EH, United Kingdom
| | - Sevban Doğan Ekici
- School
of Biomedical Engineering & Imaging Sciences, King’s College London, King’s Health Partners, St Thomas’ Hospital, London SE1 7EH, United Kingdom
| | - Alessandra Ferocino
- Institute
of Organic Synthesis and Photoreactivity, Italian National Research Council, via Piero Gobetti 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy
| | - Antony D. Gee
- School
of Biomedical Engineering & Imaging Sciences, King’s College London, King’s Health Partners, St Thomas’ Hospital, London SE1 7EH, United Kingdom,A.G.: email,
| | - Salvatore Bongarzone
- School
of Biomedical Engineering & Imaging Sciences, King’s College London, King’s Health Partners, St Thomas’ Hospital, London SE1 7EH, United Kingdom,S.B.:
email,
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10
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Towards Sustainable Sources of Omega-3 Long-Chain Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids in Northern Australian Tropical Crossbred Beef Steers through Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms in Lipogenic Genes for Meat Eating Quality. SUSTAINABILITY 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/su14148409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to identify single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) in lipogenic genes of northern Australian tropically adapted crossbred beef cattle and to evaluate associations with healthy lipid traits of the Longissimus dorsi (loin eye) muscle. The hypothesis tested was that there are significant associations between SNP loci encoding for the fatty acid binding protein 4 (FABP4), stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD) and fatty acid synthase (FASN) genes and human health beneficial omega-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (ω3 LC-PUFA) within the loin eye muscle of northern Australian crossbred beef cattle. Brahman, Charbray, and Droughtmaster crossbred steers were fed on Rhodes grass hay augmented with desmanthus, lucerne, or both, for 140 days and the loin eye muscle sampled for intramuscular fat (IMF), fat melting point (FMP), and fatty acid composition. Polymorphisms in FABP4, SCD, and FASN genes with significant effects on lipid traits were identified with next-generation sequencing. The GG genotype at the FABP4 g.44677239C>G locus was associated with higher proportion of linoleic acid than the CC and CG genotypes (p < 0.05). Multiple comparisons of genotypes at the SCD g.21266629G>T locus indicated that the TT genotype had significantly higher eicosapentaenoic, docosapentaenoic, and docosahexaenoic acids than GG genotype (p < 0.05). Significant correlations (p < 0.05) between FASN SNP and IMF, saturated and monounsaturated fatty acids were observed. These results provide insights into the contribution of lipogenic genes to intramuscular fat deposition and SNP marker-assisted selection for improvement of meat-eating quality, with emphasis on alternate and sustainable sources of ω3 LC-PUFA, in northern Australian tropical crossbred beef cattle, hence an acceptance of the tested hypothesis.
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11
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Mostofa MG, Tran M, Gilling S, Lee G, Fraher O, Jin L, Kang H, Park YK, Lee JY, Wang L, Shin DJ. MicroRNA-200c coordinates HNF1 homeobox B and apolipoprotein O functions to modulate lipid homeostasis in alcoholic fatty liver disease. J Biol Chem 2022; 298:101966. [PMID: 35460694 PMCID: PMC9127369 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.101966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Revised: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatic steatosis is an initial manifestation of alcoholic liver disease. An imbalance of hepatic lipid processes including fatty acid uptake, esterification, oxidation, and triglyceride secretion leads to alcoholic fatty liver (AFL). However, the precise molecular mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of AFL remain elusive. Here, we show that mice deficient in microRNAs (miRs)-141 and -200c display resistance to the development of AFL. We found that miR-200c directly targets HNF1 homeobox B (Hnf1b), a transcriptional activator for microsomal triglyceride transfer protein (Mttp), as well as apolipoprotein O (ApoO), an integral component of the mitochondrial contact site and cristae organizing system complex. We show that expression of these miRs is significantly induced by chronic ethanol exposure, which is accompanied by reduced HNF1B and APOO levels. Furthermore, miR-141/200c deficiency normalizes ethanol-mediated impairment of triglyceride secretion, which can be attributed to the restored levels of HNF1B and MTTP, as well as phosphatidylcholine abundance. Moreover, we demonstrate that miR-141/200c deficiency restores ethanol-mediated inhibition of APOO expression and mitochondrial dysfunction, improving mitochondrial antioxidant defense capacity and fatty acid oxidation. Taken together, these results suggest that miR-200c contributes to the modulation of lipid homeostasis in AFL disease by cooperatively regulating Hnf1b and ApoO functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Golam Mostofa
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, USA
| | - Melanie Tran
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, USA
| | - Shaynian Gilling
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, USA
| | - Grace Lee
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, USA
| | - Ondine Fraher
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, USA
| | - Lei Jin
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, USA
| | - Hyunju Kang
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, USA
| | - Young-Ki Park
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, USA
| | - Ji-Young Lee
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, USA
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Digestive Diseases, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Dong-Ju Shin
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, USA.
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12
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Pianezze S, Corazzin M, Bontempo L, Sepulcri A, Saccà E, Perini M, Piasentier E. Gas Chromatography Combustion Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometry to Detect Differences in Four Compartments of Simmental Cows Fed on C3 and C4 Diets. Molecules 2022; 27:2310. [PMID: 35408709 PMCID: PMC9000290 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27072310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Revised: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Fatty acids (FAs) metabolism in animals represents an important field of study since they influence the quality and the properties of the meat. The aim of this study is to assess the possibility to discriminate the diets of cows in different animal compartments and to study the fate of dietary FAs in the bovine organism, using carbon isotopic ratios. Five FAs, both essential (linoleic and linolenic) and non-essential (palmitic, stearic, and oleic) in four compartments (feed, rumen, liver, meat) of animals fed two different diets (based on either C3 or C4 plants) were considered. For all compartments, the carbon isotopic ratio (δ13C) of all FAs (with few exceptions) resulted significantly lower in cows fed on C3 than C4 plants, figuring as a powerful tool to discriminate between different diets. Moreover, chemical reactions taking place in each animal compartment result in fraction processes affecting the δ13C values. The δ13CFAs tendentially increase from feed to meat in group C3. On the other hand, the δ13CFAs generally increase from rumen to liver in group C4, while δ13CFAs of rumen and meat are mostly not statistically different. Different trends in the δ13CFAs of the two groups suggested different FAs fates depending on the diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Pianezze
- Centro Trasferimento Tecnologico, Fondazione Edmund Mach, San Michele All’Adige, 38098 Trento, Italy;
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agroalimentari, Ambientali e Animali, University of Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy; (M.C.); (A.S.); (E.S.); (E.P.)
| | - Mirco Corazzin
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agroalimentari, Ambientali e Animali, University of Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy; (M.C.); (A.S.); (E.S.); (E.P.)
| | - Luana Bontempo
- Centro Ricerca e Innovazione, Fondazione Edmund Mach, San Michele All’Adige, 38098 Trento, Italy;
| | - Angela Sepulcri
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agroalimentari, Ambientali e Animali, University of Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy; (M.C.); (A.S.); (E.S.); (E.P.)
| | - Elena Saccà
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agroalimentari, Ambientali e Animali, University of Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy; (M.C.); (A.S.); (E.S.); (E.P.)
| | - Matteo Perini
- Centro Trasferimento Tecnologico, Fondazione Edmund Mach, San Michele All’Adige, 38098 Trento, Italy;
| | - Edi Piasentier
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agroalimentari, Ambientali e Animali, University of Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy; (M.C.); (A.S.); (E.S.); (E.P.)
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13
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Transcriptome Analysis of the Marine Nematode Litoditis marina in a Chemically Defined Food Environment with Stearic Acid Supplementation. JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/jmse10030428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Stearic acid represents one of the most abundant fatty acids in the Western diet and profoundly regulates health and diseases of animals and human beings. We previously showed that stearic acid supplementation promoted development of the terrestrial model nematode Caenorhabditis elegans in chemically defined CeMM food environment. However, whether stearic acid regulates development of other nematodes remains unknown. Here, we found that dietary supplementation with stearic acid could promote the development of the marine nematode Litoditis marina, belonging to the same family as C. elegans, indicating the conserved roles of stearic acid in developmental regulation. We further employed transcriptome analysis to analyze genome-wide transcriptional signatures of L. marina with dietary stearic acid supplementation. We found that stearic acid might promote development of L. marina via upregulation of the expression of genes involved in aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis, translation initiation and elongation, ribosome biogenesis, and transmembrane transport. In addition, we observed that the expression of neuronal signaling-related genes was decreased. This study provided important insights into how a single fatty acid stearic acid regulates development of marine nematode, and further studies with CRISPR genome editing will facilitate demonstrating the molecular mechanisms underlying how a single metabolite regulates animal development and health.
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14
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Monteiro P, Maciel I, Alvarenga R, Oliveira A, Barbosa FA, Guimarães S, Souza F, Lanna D, Rodrigues B, Lopes L. Carcass traits, fatty acid profile of beef, and beef quality of Nellore and Angus x Nellore crossbred young bulls finished in a feedlot. Livest Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2022.104829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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15
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Phytochemical Characterization, Antioxidant Activity, and Cytotoxicity of Methanolic Leaf Extract of Chlorophytum Comosum (Green Type) (Thunb.) Jacq. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27030762. [PMID: 35164026 PMCID: PMC8840168 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27030762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2021] [Revised: 01/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Chlorophytum genus has been extensively studied due to its diverse biological activities. We evaluated the methanolic extract of leaves of Chlorophytum comosum (Green type) (Thunb.) Jacques, the species that is less studied compared to C. borivilianum. The aim was to identify phytoconstituents of the methanolic extract of leaves of C. comosum and biological properties of its different fractions. Water fraction was analyzed with matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometry. Nineteen compounds belonging to different chemical classes were identified in the methanolic extract of leaves of C. comosum (Green type) (Thunb.) Jacques. In addition to several fatty acids, isoprenoid and steroid compounds were found among the most abundant constituents. One of the identified compounds, 4'-methylphenyl-1C-sulfonyl-β-d-galactoside, was not detected earlier in Chlorophytum extracts. The water fraction was toxic to HeLa cells but not to Vero cells. Our data demonstrate that methanolic extract of leaves of C. comosum can be a valuable source of bioactive constituents. The water fraction of the extract exhibited promising antitumor potential based on a high ratio of HeLa vs. Vero cytotoxicity.
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Nogoy KMC, Sun B, Shin S, Lee Y, Zi Li X, Choi SH, Park S. Fatty Acid Composition of Grain- and Grass-Fed Beef and Their Nutritional Value and Health Implication. Food Sci Anim Resour 2022; 42:18-33. [PMID: 35028571 PMCID: PMC8728510 DOI: 10.5851/kosfa.2021.e73] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Revised: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Beef contains functional fatty acids such as conjugated linoleic acid and
long-chain fatty acids. This review summarizes results from studies comparing
the fatty acid composition of beef from cattle fed either grass or grain-based
feed. Since functional lipid components are contributed through dietary
consumption of beef, the fatty acid composition is reported on mg/100 g of meat
basis rather than on a percentage of total fat basis. Beef from grass-fed
contains lesser total fat than that from grain-fed in all breeds of cattle.
Reduced total fat content also influences the fatty acid composition of beef. A
100 g beef meat from grass-fed cattle contained 2,773 mg less total saturated
fatty acids (SFA) than that from the same amount of grain-fed. Grass-fed also
showed a more favorable SFA lipid profile containing less cholesterol-raising
fatty acids (C12:0 to C16:0) but contained a lesser amount of
cholesterol-lowering C18:0 than grain-fed beef. In terms of essential fatty
acids, grass-fed beef showed greater levels of trans-vaccenic acid and
long-chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA; EPA, DPA, DHA) than grain-fed
beef. Grass-fed beef also contains an increased level of total n-3 PUFA which
reduced the n-6 to n-3 ratio thus can offer more health benefits than grain-fed.
The findings signify that grass-fed beef could exert protective effects against
a number of diseases ranging from cancer to cardiovascular disease (CVD) as
evidenced by the increased functional omega-3 PUFA and decreased undesirable
SFA. Although grain-fed beef showed lesser EPA, DPA, and DHA, consumers should
be aware that greater portions of grain-fed beef could also achieve a similar
dietary intake of long-chain omega-3 fatty acids. Noteworthy, grain-fed beef
contained higher total monounsaturated fatty acid that have beneficial roles in
the amelioration of CVD risks than grass-fed beef. In Hanwoo beef, grain-fed
showed higher EPA and DHA than grass-fed beef.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bin Sun
- Engineering Research Center of North-East Cold Region Beef Cattle Science & Technology Innovation, Ministry of Education, Department of Animal Science, Yanbian University, Yanji 133002, China
| | - Sangeun Shin
- Department of Animal Science, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Korea
| | - Yeonwoo Lee
- Department of Animal Science, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Korea
| | - Xiang Zi Li
- Engineering Research Center of North-East Cold Region Beef Cattle Science & Technology Innovation, Ministry of Education, Department of Animal Science, Yanbian University, Yanji 133002, China
| | - Seong Ho Choi
- Department of Animal Science, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Korea
| | - Sungkwon Park
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Korea
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17
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Mwangi FW, Blignaut DJC, Charmley E, Gardiner CP, Malau-Aduli BS, Kinobe RT, Malau-Aduli AEO. Lipid Metabolism, Carcass Characteristics and Longissimus dorsi Muscle Fatty Acid Composition of Tropical Crossbred Beef Cattle in Response to Desmanthus spp. Forage Backgrounding. Metabolites 2021; 11:metabo11120804. [PMID: 34940562 PMCID: PMC8707823 DOI: 10.3390/metabo11120804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Revised: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipid metabolism, carcass characteristics and fatty acid (FA) composition of the Longissimus dorsi (loin eye) muscle were evaluated in tropical crossbred steers backgrounded on Desmanthus spp. (desmanthus) with or without feedlot finishing. It was hypothesized that steers backgrounded on isonitrogenous diets augmented with incremental proportions of desmanthus will produce carcasses with similar characteristics and FA composition. Forty-eight Brahman, Charbray and Droughtmaster crossbred beef steers were backgrounded for 140 days on Rhodes grass (Chloris gayana) hay augmented with 0, 15, 30 or 45 percent desmanthus on dry matter basis. Lucerne (Medicago sativa) hay was added to the 0, 15 and 30 percent desmanthus diets to ensure that they were isonitrogenous with the 45 percent desmanthus diet. After backgrounding, the two heaviest steers in each pen were slaughtered and the rest were finished in the feedlot for 95 days before slaughter. Muscle biopsy samples were taken at the beginning and end of the backgrounding phase. Carcasses were sampled at slaughter for intramuscular fat (IMF) content, fat melting point (FMP) and FA composition analyses. Increasing the proportion of desmanthus in the diet led to a linear increase in docosanoic acid (p = 0.04) and omega-6/omega-3 polyunsaturated FA ratio (n-6/n-3 PUFA; p = 0.01), while docosahexaenoic acid decreased linearly (p = 0.01). Feedlot finishing increased hot carcass weight, subcutaneous fat depth at the P8 site and dressing percentage (p ≤ 0.04). The n-6/n-3 PUFA ratio was within the recommended < 5 for human diets. IMF was within the consumer-preferred ≥3% level for palatability. The hypothesis that steers backgrounded on isonitrogenous diets augmented with incremental proportions of desmanthus will produce similar carcass characteristics and FA composition was accepted. These findings indicate that a combination of tropical beef cattle backgrounding on desmanthus augmented forage and short-term feedlot finishing produces healthy and highly palatable meat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felista W. Mwangi
- Animal Genetics and Nutrition, Veterinary Sciences Discipline, College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, Division of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811, Australia; (F.W.M.); (D.J.C.B.); (C.P.G.); (R.T.K.)
| | - David J. C. Blignaut
- Animal Genetics and Nutrition, Veterinary Sciences Discipline, College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, Division of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811, Australia; (F.W.M.); (D.J.C.B.); (C.P.G.); (R.T.K.)
| | - Edward Charmley
- CSIRO Agriculture and Food, Private Mail Bag Aitkenvale, Australian Tropical Sciences and Innovation Precinct, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811, Australia;
| | - Christopher P. Gardiner
- Animal Genetics and Nutrition, Veterinary Sciences Discipline, College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, Division of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811, Australia; (F.W.M.); (D.J.C.B.); (C.P.G.); (R.T.K.)
| | - Bunmi S. Malau-Aduli
- College of Medicine and Dentistry, Division of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811, Australia;
| | - Robert T. Kinobe
- Animal Genetics and Nutrition, Veterinary Sciences Discipline, College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, Division of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811, Australia; (F.W.M.); (D.J.C.B.); (C.P.G.); (R.T.K.)
| | - Aduli E. O. Malau-Aduli
- Animal Genetics and Nutrition, Veterinary Sciences Discipline, College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, Division of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811, Australia; (F.W.M.); (D.J.C.B.); (C.P.G.); (R.T.K.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +61-747-815-339
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18
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Deo P, Dhillon VS, Thomas P, Fenech M. The association of N ε-Carboxymethyllysine with polyunsaturated and saturated fatty acids in healthy individuals. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2021; 77:462-470. [PMID: 34628492 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glab307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Red blood cell (RBC) fatty acids status is used as a biomarker of dietary intake of fats however, there is still a paucity of evidence regarding individual fatty acids and modulation of endogenous advanced glycation end-product (AGE) levels. Due to membrane PUFA being a well-known target for peroxidation, we hypothesized that cellular PUFAs are positively associated with circulatory N ε-carboxymethyllysine (CML) that is also influenced by glyoxal (GO) levels in healthy cohorts. To test this, we investigated the association between RBC fatty acids and circulatory AGEs biomarkers in healthy individuals. The results showed a negative association between saturated fatty acids (SFA) and CML and stepwise multivariate regression analysis indicated stearic acid was negatively associated with CML levels (β = -0.200, p=0.008) after adjusting for age, BMI, and gender. In addition, stearic acid: palmitic acid ratio was also negatively correlated with plasma concentrations of CML (rp= -0.191, p = 0.012) and glucose (rp= -0.288, p = 0.0001). Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) showed a positive association with CML levels particularly, docosapentaenoic acid, γ-Linolenic acid, arachidonic acid, and docosadienoic acid. However, these associations were not evident after the multiple regression analysis adjusted for age, BMI, and gender. A strong negative correlation (rp= -0.98, p< 0.0001) between total PUFA and total SFA was observed. Furthermore, the SFA:PUFA ratio was inversely correlated with CML (rp= -0.227, p< 0.003). Overall, this study indicates that different fats and their combinations may influence the formation of AGEs and that carefully controlled interventions are required to further test this hypothesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Permal Deo
- Health and Biomedical Innovation, UniSA Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Varinderpal S Dhillon
- Health and Biomedical Innovation, UniSA Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Philip Thomas
- CSIRO Health and Biosecurity, Adelaide, South Australia
| | - Michael Fenech
- Health and Biomedical Innovation, UniSA Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia.,Genome Health Foundation, North Brighton, Australia.,Centre of Healthy Ageing and Wellness, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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19
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Jung BC, Kang S. Epigenetic regulation of inflammatory factors in adipose tissue. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2021; 1866:159019. [PMID: 34332076 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2021.159019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Revised: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 07/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is a strong risk factor for insulin resistance. Chronic low-grade tissue inflammation and systemic inflammation have been proposed as major mechanisms that promote insulin resistance in obesity. Adipose tissue has been recognized as a nexus between inflammation and metabolism, but how exactly inflammatory gene expression is orchestrated during the development of obesity is not well understood. Epigenetic modifications are defined as heritable changes in gene expression and cellular function without changes to the original DNA sequence. The major epigenetic mechanisms include DNA methylation, histone modification, noncoding RNAs, nucleopositioning/remodeling and chromatin reorganization. Epigenetic mechanisms provide a critical layer of gene regulation in response to environmental changes. Accumulating evidence supports that epigenetics plays a large role in the regulation of inflammatory genes in adipocytes and adipose-resident immune cell types. This review focuses on the association between adipose tissue inflammation in obesity and major epigenetic modifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byung Chul Jung
- Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology Department, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, United States of America
| | - Sona Kang
- Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology Department, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, United States of America.
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20
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Nogoy KMC, Kim HJ, Lee DH, Smith SB, Seong HA, Choi SH. Oleic acid in Angus and Hanwoo (Korean native cattle) fat reduced the fatty acid synthase activity in rat adipose tissues. JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2021; 63:380-393. [PMID: 33987612 PMCID: PMC8071735 DOI: 10.5187/jast.2021.e4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Revised: 10/03/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to determine the blood lipid profiles, fatty acid composition,
and lipogenic enzyme activities in rat adipose tissues as affected by the Angus
beef fat (ABF) and Hanwoo beef fat (HBF) containing high oleic acid (OA)
content. We assigned 60 Sprague Dawley rats with a mean bodyweight of 249
± 3.04 g to three groups (n = 20 each) to receive diets containing 7%
coconut oil (CON), 7% ABF, or 7% HBF. The OA content was highest in the HBF
(45.23%) followed by ABF (39.51%) and CON (6.10%). The final body weight of the
HBF-fed group was significantly increased, probably due to increased feed
intake, indicating the palatability of the diet. The HBF and ABF significantly
increased high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), decreased triglyceride
(TG) and total cholesterol (TC) levels, and also tended to attenuate glutamic
oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT) and glutamic pyruvic transaminase (GPT) levels in
the bloodstream of the rats compared to CON. As compared to CON, lauric,
myristic, and palmitic acids were significantly lower, and those of OA and
α-linolenic acid (ALA) were significantly higher in the adipose tissues
of HBF and ABF-fed groups. The HBF and ABF also reduced lipogenesis as induced
by depleted fatty acid synthase (FAS) activity in rat adipose tissues.
Nevertheless, between the two fats, HBF showed high feed intake due to its high
palatability but reduced lipogenic enzyme activity, specifically that of FAS,
and increased HDL-C, decreased TC and TG levels in the bloodstream, reduced
saturated fatty acids (SFA), and increased oleic and ALA contents in rat adipose
tissues indicating that HBF consumption does not pose significant risks of
cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hyoun Ju Kim
- National Institute of Animal Science, Wanju 55365, Korea
| | - Dong Hoon Lee
- Department of Biosystems Engineering, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Korea
| | - Stephen B Smith
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA
| | - Hyun A Seong
- Department of Biochemistry, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Korea
| | - Seong Ho Choi
- Department of Animal Science, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Korea
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21
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Zappaterra M, Gioiosa S, Chillemi G, Zambonelli P, Davoli R. Dissecting the Gene Expression Networks Associated with Variations in the Major Components of the Fatty Acid Semimembranosus Muscle Profile in Large White Heavy Pigs. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11030628. [PMID: 33673460 PMCID: PMC7997476 DOI: 10.3390/ani11030628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Revised: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The amount and fatty acid composition of intramuscular fat are important features for the qualitative characteristics of processed and fresh meat products, but the knowledge of the key molecular drivers controlling these traits is still scant. To this aim, the present study investigated the co-expression networks of genes related to variations in the major fatty acids deposited in pig Semimembranosus muscle. Palmitic and palmitoleic acid contents were associated with a downregulation of genes involved in autophagy, mitochondrial fusion, and mitochondrial activity, suggesting that the deposition of these fatty acids may be enhanced in muscles with a reduced mitochondrial function. A higher proportion of oleic acid and a reduction in the percentages of n-6 and n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids were related to changes in the mRNA levels of genes involved in Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase (MAPK) signaling. The obtained results indicated gene expression networks and new candidate genes associated with the studied traits. Further studies are needed to confirm our results and identify in the discussed genes molecular markers for future selection schemes aimed at improving pork nutritional and technological quality. Furthermore, as pigs are considered reliable animal models for several human conditions, the obtained results may also be of interest for improving the knowledge of the molecular pathways associated with obesity and diabetes. Abstract To date, high-throughput technology such as RNA-sequencing has been successfully applied in livestock sciences to investigate molecular networks involved in complex traits, such as meat quality. Pork quality depends on several organoleptic, technological, and nutritional characteristics, and it is also influenced by the fatty acid (FA) composition of intramuscular fat (IMF). To explore the molecular networks associated with different IMF FA compositions, the Semimembranosus muscle (SM) from two groups of Italian Large White (ILW) heavy pigs divergent for SM IMF content was investigated using transcriptome analysis. After alignment and normalization, the obtained gene counts were used to perform the Weighted Correlation Network Analysis (WGCNA package in R environment). Palmitic and palmitoleic contents showed association with the same gene modules, comprising genes significantly enriched in autophagy, mitochondrial fusion, and mitochondrial activity. Among the key genes related to these FAs, we found TEAD4, a gene regulating mitochondrial activity that seems to be a promising candidate for further studies. On the other hand, the genes comprised in the modules associated with the IMF contents of oleic, n-6, and n-3 polyunsaturated FAs (PUFAs) were significantly enriched in Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase (MAPK) signaling, in agreement with previous studies suggesting that several MAPK players may have a primary role in regulating lipid deposition. These results give an insight into the molecular cascade associated with different IMF FA composition in ILW heavy pigs. Further studies are needed to validate the results and confirm whether some of the identified key genes may be effective candidates for pork quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Zappaterra
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences (DISTAL), University of Bologna, Viale Fanin 46, I-40127 Bologna, Italy;
- Correspondence: (M.Z.); (R.D.)
| | - Silvia Gioiosa
- CINECA SuperComputing Applications and Innovation Department (SCAI), Via dei Tizii 6, I-00185 Roma, Italy;
| | - Giovanni Chillemi
- Dipartimento per la Innovazione nei sistemi Biologici, Agroalimentari e Forestali (DIBAF), La Tuscia University of Viterbo, Via S. Camillo de Lellis, I-01100 Viterbo, Italy;
| | - Paolo Zambonelli
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences (DISTAL), University of Bologna, Viale Fanin 46, I-40127 Bologna, Italy;
| | - Roberta Davoli
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences (DISTAL), University of Bologna, Viale Fanin 46, I-40127 Bologna, Italy;
- Correspondence: (M.Z.); (R.D.)
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22
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Pianezze S, Corazzin M, Perini M, Camin F, Paolini M, Sepulcri A, Saccà E, Fabro C, Piasentier E. Fatty acids stable carbon isotope fractionation in the bovine organism. A compound-specific isotope analysis through gas chromatography combustion isotope ratio mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2021; 1641:461966. [PMID: 33618180 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2021.461966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Revised: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The contribution of dietary fatty acids to the quality of the meat and their path through the bovine organism is currently the subject of a lot of research. Stable isotope ratio analysis represents a powerful tool for this aim, one that has not been studied in depth yet. In this work, for the first time, the carbon isotopic ratios of six fatty acids (myristic 14:0, palmitic 16:0, stearic 18:0, oleic 18:1n-9, linoleic 18:2n-6 and linolenic 18:3n-3 acids) in different matrixes (diet, rumen, duodenal content, liver and loin) were analysed through gas chromatography combustion isotope ratio mass spectrometry. Moreover, the quantification of the single fatty acids was carried out, providing important information supporting the carbon isotopic ratio results. The variation in the concentration of the fatty acids in the different matrices depends on the chemical modifications they undergo in the sequential steps of the metabolic path. GC-C-IRMS turned out to be a powerful tool to investigate the fate of dietary fatty acids, providing information about the processes they undergo inside the bovine organism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Pianezze
- Fondazione Edmund Mach, Via Mach 1, San Michele All'Adige, Trento, Italy; Department of Agricultural, Food, Environmental and Animal Sciences DI4A, University of Udine (UD), Italy
| | - Mirco Corazzin
- Department of Agricultural, Food, Environmental and Animal Sciences DI4A, University of Udine (UD), Italy
| | - Matteo Perini
- Fondazione Edmund Mach, Via Mach 1, San Michele All'Adige, Trento, Italy.
| | - Federica Camin
- Fondazione Edmund Mach, Via Mach 1, San Michele All'Adige, Trento, Italy; Centre Agriculture Food Environment C3A, University of Trento, San Michele all'Adige, Trento, Italy
| | - Mauro Paolini
- Fondazione Edmund Mach, Via Mach 1, San Michele All'Adige, Trento, Italy
| | - Angela Sepulcri
- Department of Agricultural, Food, Environmental and Animal Sciences DI4A, University of Udine (UD), Italy
| | - Elena Saccà
- Department of Agricultural, Food, Environmental and Animal Sciences DI4A, University of Udine (UD), Italy
| | - Carla Fabro
- Department of Agricultural, Food, Environmental and Animal Sciences DI4A, University of Udine (UD), Italy
| | - Edi Piasentier
- Department of Agricultural, Food, Environmental and Animal Sciences DI4A, University of Udine (UD), Italy
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23
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Kochumon S, Arefanian H, Azim R, Shenouda S, Jacob T, Abu Khalaf N, Al-Rashed F, Hasan A, Sindhu S, Al-Mulla F, Ahmad R. Stearic Acid and TNF-α Co-Operatively Potentiate MIP-1α Production in Monocytic Cells via MyD88 Independent TLR4/TBK/IRF3 Signaling Pathway. Biomedicines 2020; 8:biomedicines8100403. [PMID: 33050324 PMCID: PMC7600458 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines8100403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Revised: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Increased circulatory and adipose tissue expression of macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)-1α (CC motif chemokine ligand-3/CCL3) and its association with inflammation in the state of obesity is well documented. Since obesity is associated with increases in both stearic acid and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) in circulation, we investigated whether stearic acid and TNF-α together could regulate MIP-1α/CCL3 expression in human monocytic cells, and if so, which signaling pathways were involved in MIP-1α/CCL3 modulation. Monocytic cells were treated with stearic acid and TNF-α resulted in enhanced production of MIP-1α/CCL3 compared to stearic acid or TNF-α alone. To explore the underlying mechanisms, cooperative effect of stearic acid for MIP-α/CCL3 expression was reduced by TLR4 blocking, and unexpectedly we found that the synergistic production of MIP-α/CCL3 in MyD88 knockout (KO) cells was not suppressed. In contrast, this MIP-α/CCL3 expression was attenuated by inhibiting TBK1/IRF3 activity. Cells deficient in IRF3 did not show cooperative effect of stearate/TNF-α on MIP-1α/CCL3 production. Furthermore, activation of IRF3 by polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid (poly I:C) produced a cooperative effect with TNF-α for MIP-1α/CCL3 production that was comparable to stearic acid. Individuals with obesity show high IRF3 expression in monocytes as compared to lean individuals. Furthermore, elevated levels of MIP-1α/CCL3 positively correlate with TNF-α and CD163 in fat tissues from individuals with obesity. Taken together, this study provides a novel model for the pathologic role of stearic acid to produce MIP-1α/CCL3 in the presence of TNF-α associated with obesity settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shihab Kochumon
- Immunology & Microbiology Department, Dasman Diabetes Institute, Kuwait City 15462, Kuwait; (S.K.); (H.A.); (R.A.); (S.S.); (T.J.); (F.A.-R.); (A.H.)
| | - Hossein Arefanian
- Immunology & Microbiology Department, Dasman Diabetes Institute, Kuwait City 15462, Kuwait; (S.K.); (H.A.); (R.A.); (S.S.); (T.J.); (F.A.-R.); (A.H.)
| | - Rafaat Azim
- Immunology & Microbiology Department, Dasman Diabetes Institute, Kuwait City 15462, Kuwait; (S.K.); (H.A.); (R.A.); (S.S.); (T.J.); (F.A.-R.); (A.H.)
- School of Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Medical University of Bahrain, Adliya 15503, Bahrain
| | - Steve Shenouda
- Immunology & Microbiology Department, Dasman Diabetes Institute, Kuwait City 15462, Kuwait; (S.K.); (H.A.); (R.A.); (S.S.); (T.J.); (F.A.-R.); (A.H.)
| | - Texy Jacob
- Immunology & Microbiology Department, Dasman Diabetes Institute, Kuwait City 15462, Kuwait; (S.K.); (H.A.); (R.A.); (S.S.); (T.J.); (F.A.-R.); (A.H.)
| | - Nermeen Abu Khalaf
- Animal & Imaging Core Facility, Dasman Diabetes Institute, Kuwait City 15462, Kuwait; (N.A.K.); (S.S.)
| | - Fatema Al-Rashed
- Immunology & Microbiology Department, Dasman Diabetes Institute, Kuwait City 15462, Kuwait; (S.K.); (H.A.); (R.A.); (S.S.); (T.J.); (F.A.-R.); (A.H.)
| | - Amal Hasan
- Immunology & Microbiology Department, Dasman Diabetes Institute, Kuwait City 15462, Kuwait; (S.K.); (H.A.); (R.A.); (S.S.); (T.J.); (F.A.-R.); (A.H.)
| | - Sardar Sindhu
- Animal & Imaging Core Facility, Dasman Diabetes Institute, Kuwait City 15462, Kuwait; (N.A.K.); (S.S.)
| | - Fahd Al-Mulla
- Genetics and Bioinformatics, Dasman Diabetes Institute, Kuwait City 15462, Kuwait;
| | - Rasheed Ahmad
- Immunology & Microbiology Department, Dasman Diabetes Institute, Kuwait City 15462, Kuwait; (S.K.); (H.A.); (R.A.); (S.S.); (T.J.); (F.A.-R.); (A.H.)
- Correspondence:
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A high fat diet with a high C18:0/C16:0 ratio induced worse metabolic and transcriptomic profiles in C57BL/6 mice. Lipids Health Dis 2020; 19:172. [PMID: 32693810 PMCID: PMC7372854 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-020-01346-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Differential effects of individual saturated fatty acids (SFAs), particularly stearic acid (C18:0), relative to the shorter-chain SFAs have drawn interest for more accurate nutritional guidelines. However, specific biologic and pathologic functions that can be assigned to particular SFAs are very limited. The present study was designed to compare changes in metabolic and transcriptomic profiles in mice caused by a high C18:0 diet and high palmitic acid (C16:0) diet. METHODS Male C57BL/6 mice were assigned to a normal fat diet (NFD), a high fat diet with high C18:0/C16:0 ratio (HSF) or an isocaloric high fat diet with a low C18:0/C16:0 ratio (LSF) for 10 weeks. An oral glucose tolerance test, 72-h energy expenditure measurement and CT scan of body fat were done before sacrifice. Fasting glucose and lipids were determined by an autobiochemical analyzer. Blood insulin, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay methods. Free fatty acids (FFAs) profiles in blood and liver were determined by using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Microarray analysis was applied to investigate changes in transcriptomic profiles in the liver. Pathway analysis and gene ontology analysis were applied to describe the roles of differentially expressed mRNAs. RESULTS Compared with the NFD group, body weight, body fat ratio, fasting blood glucose, insulin, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), triglyceride, IL-6, serum and liver FFAs including total FFAs, C16:0 and C18:0 were increased in both high fat diet groups and were much higher in the HSF group than those in the LSF group. Both HSF and LSF mice exhibited distinguishable long non-coding RNA (lncRNA), microRNA and mRNA expression profiles when compared with those of NFD mice. Additionally, more differentially expressed lncRNAs and mRNAs were observed in the HSF group than in the LSF group. Some biological functions and pathways, other than energy metabolism regulation, were identified as differentially expressed mRNAs between the HSF group and the LSF group. CONCLUSION The high fat diet with a high C18:0/C16:0 ratio induced more severe glucose and lipid metabolic disorders and inflammation and affected expression of more lncRNAs and mRNAs than an isocaloric low C18:0/C16:0 ratio diet in mice. These results provide new insights into the differences in biological functions and related mechanisms, other than glucose and lipid metabolism, between C16:0 and C18:0.
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25
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Qiu S, Wang F, Hu J, Yang Y, Li D, Tian W, Yuan X, Lv Y, Yu M. Increased dietary fatty acids determine the fatty-acid profiles of human pancreatic cancer cells and their carrier's plasma, pancreas and liver. Endocr J 2020; 67:387-395. [PMID: 31827053 DOI: 10.1507/endocrj.ej19-0429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Primary contents of dietary fat are three or four types of fatty acids, namely saturated fatty acid (SFA), monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA), n6-polyunsaturated fatty acid (n6PUFA) and, to less extent, n3-polyunsaturated fatty acid (n3PUFA). Previous studies suggest that increased SFA, MUFA, and n6PUFA in high fat diets (HFDs) stimulate the origination, growth, and liver metastasis of pancreatic cancer cells, whereas increased n3PUFA has the opposite effects. It is unclear whether the fatty acid-induced effects are based on changed fatty-acid composition of involved cells. Here, we investigated whether increased SFA, MUFA, n6PUFA, and n3PUFA in different HFDs determine the FA profiles of pancreatic cancer cells and their carrier's plasma, pancreas, and liver. We transplanted MiaPaCa2 human pancreatic cancer cells in athymic mice and fed them normal diet or four HFDs enriched with SFA, MUFA, n6PUFA, and n3PUFA, respectively. After 7 weeks, fatty acids were profiled in tumor, plasma, pancreas, and liver, using gas chromatography. When tumor carriers were fed four HFDs, the fatty acids that were increased dietarily were also increased in the plasma. When tumor carriers were fed MUFA-, n6PUFA-, and n3PUFA-enriched HFDs, the dietarily increased fatty acids were also increased in tumor, pancreas, and liver. When tumor-carriers were fed the SFA-enriched HFD featuring lauric and myristic acids (C12:0 and C14:0), tumor, pancreas, and liver showed an increase not in the same SFAs but palmitic acid (C16:0) and/or stearic acid (C18:0). In conclusion, predominant fatty acids in HFDs determine the fatty-acid profiles of pancreatic cancer cells and their murine carriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Qiu
- The Graduate School, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
- The Laboratory of Acute Abdomen Disease Associated Organ Injury and Repair, Tianjin Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tianjin 300100, China
| | - Feng Wang
- The Laboratory of Acute Abdomen Disease Associated Organ Injury and Repair, Tianjin Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tianjin 300100, China
| | - Jiacai Hu
- The Graduate School, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
- The Laboratory of Acute Abdomen Disease Associated Organ Injury and Repair, Tianjin Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tianjin 300100, China
| | - Yong Yang
- Centre of Disease Control, Jinnan, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Dihua Li
- The Laboratory of Acute Abdomen Disease Associated Organ Injury and Repair, Tianjin Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tianjin 300100, China
| | - Wencong Tian
- The Laboratory of Acute Abdomen Disease Associated Organ Injury and Repair, Tianjin Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tianjin 300100, China
| | - Xiangfei Yuan
- The Laboratory of Acute Abdomen Disease Associated Organ Injury and Repair, Tianjin Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tianjin 300100, China
| | - Yuanshan Lv
- The Laboratory of Acute Abdomen Disease Associated Organ Injury and Repair, Tianjin Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tianjin 300100, China
| | - Ming Yu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
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Sowell KD, Holt RR, Uriu-Adams JY, Chambers CD, Coles CD, Kable JA, Yevtushok L, Zymak-Zakutnya N, Wertelecki W, Keen CL. Altered Maternal Plasma Fatty Acid Composition by Alcohol Consumption and Smoking during Pregnancy and Associations with Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders. J Am Coll Nutr 2020; 39:249-260. [PMID: 32240041 DOI: 10.1080/07315724.2020.1737984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Objective: Polyunsaturated fatty acids are vital for optimal fetal neuronal development. The relationship between maternal alcohol consumption and smoking with third trimester plasma fatty acids were examined and their association with Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders (FASD).Methods: Moderate to heavy alcohol-using and low/unexposed comparison women were recruited during mid-pregnancy from two prenatal clinics in Ukraine. The participants' infants underwent physical and neurobehavioral exams prior to one-year of age and classified as having FASD by maternal alcohol consumption and neurobehavioral scores. A subset of mother-child pairs was selected representing three groups of cases and controls: Alcohol-Exposed with FASD (AE-FASD, n = 30), Alcohol-Exposed Normally Developing (AE-ND, n = 33), or Controls (n = 46). Third trimester maternal plasma samples were analyzed for fatty acids and levels were compared across groups.Results: The percent of C18:0 (p < 0.001), arachidonic acid (AA, C20:4n-6, p = 0.017) and C22:5n-6 (p = 0.001) were significantly higher in AE-FASD women than controls or AE-ND women. Alcohol-exposed women who smoked had lower C22:5n-3 (p = 0.029) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, C22:6n-3, p = 0.005) and higher C22:5n-6 (p = 0.013) than women consuming alcohol alone or abstainers.Conclusion: Alterations in fatty acid profiles were observed in moderate to heavy alcohol-consuming mothers with infants classified with FASD compared to alcohol-exposed normally developing infants or controls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krista D Sowell
- Department of Health, Physical Education, and Sport Studies, Winston-Salem State University, Winston Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - Roberta R Holt
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - Janet Y Uriu-Adams
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - Christina D Chambers
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA.,Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Claire D Coles
- Departments of Psychiatry and Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Julie A Kable
- Departments of Psychiatry and Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Lyubov Yevtushok
- OMNI-Net, Rivne & the Rivne Diagnostic Center, Rivne, Ukraine.,Department of Therapy No.1 and Medical Diagnostics, Lviv National Medical University, Lviv, Ukraine
| | | | - Wladimir Wertelecki
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Carl L Keen
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, USA
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Weiss-Hersh K, Garcia AL, Marosvölgyi T, Szklenár M, Decsi T, Rühl R. Saturated and monounsaturated fatty acids in membranes are determined by the gene expression of their metabolizing enzymes SCD1 and ELOVL6 regulated by the intake of dietary fat. Eur J Nutr 2019; 59:2759-2769. [PMID: 31676951 PMCID: PMC7413877 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-019-02121-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2018] [Accepted: 10/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE We investigated the effect of dietary fats on the incorporation of saturated (SAFAs) and monounsaturated dietary fatty acids (MUFAs) into plasma phospholipids and the regulation of the expression of lipid-metabolizing enzymes in the liver. METHODS Mice were fed different diets containing commonly used dietary fats/oils (coconut fat, margarine, fish oil, sunflower oil, or olive oil) for 4 weeks (n = 6 per diet group). In a second experiment, mice (n = 6 per group) were treated for 7 days with synthetic ligands to activate specific nuclear hormone receptors (NHRs) and the hepatic gene expression of CYP26A1 was investigated. Hepatic gene expression of stearoyl-coenzyme A desaturase 1 (SCD1), elongase 6 (ELOVL6), and CYP26A1 was examined using quantitative real-time PCR (QRT-PCR). Fatty acid composition in mouse plasma phospholipids was analyzed by gas chromatography (GC). RESULTS We found significantly reduced hepatic gene expression of SCD1 and ELOVL6 after the fish oil diet compared with the other diets. This resulted in reduced enzyme-specific fatty acid ratios, e.g., 18:1n9/18:0 for SCD1 and 18:0/16:0 and 18:1n7/16:1n7 for ELOVL6 in plasma phospholipids. Furthermore, CYP26A1 a retinoic acid receptor-specific target was revealed as a new player mediating the suppressive effect of fish oil-supplemented diet on SCD1 and ELOVL6 hepatic gene expression. CONCLUSION Plasma levels of MUFAs and SAFAs strongly reflect an altered hepatic fatty acid-metabolizing enzyme expression after supplementation with different dietary fats/oils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathrin Weiss-Hersh
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Ada L Garcia
- Human Nutrition, School of Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK.
| | | | | | - Tamás Decsi
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Ralph Rühl
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary.,Paprika Bioanalytics BT, Debrecen, Hungary
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Mäkelä AM, Hohtola E, Miinalainen IJ, Autio JA, Schmitz W, Niemi KJ, Hiltunen JK, Autio KJ. Mitochondrial 2,4-dienoyl-CoA reductase (Decr) deficiency and impairment of thermogenesis in mouse brown adipose tissue. Sci Rep 2019; 9:12038. [PMID: 31427678 PMCID: PMC6700156 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-48562-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2018] [Accepted: 08/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A large number of studies have demonstrated significance of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) for human health. However, many aspects on signals translating PUFA-sensing into body homeostasis have remained enigmatic. To shed light on PUFA physiology, we have generated a mouse line defective in mitochondrial dienoyl-CoA reductase (Decr), which is a key enzyme required for β-oxidation of PUFAs. Previously, we have shown that these mice, whose oxidation of saturated fatty acid is intact but break-down of unsaturated fatty acids is blunted, develop severe hypoglycemia during metabolic stresses and fatal hypothermia upon acute cold challenge. In the current work, indirect calorimetry and thermography suggested that cold intolerance of Decr−/− mice is due to failure in maintaining appropriate heat production at least partly due to failure of brown adipose tissue (BAT) thermogenesis. Magnetic resonance imaging, electron microscopy, mass spectrometry and biochemical analysis showed attenuation in activation of lipolysis despite of functional NE-signaling and inappropriate expression of genes contributing to thermogenesis in iBAT when the Decr−/− mice were exposed to cold. We hypothesize that the failure in turning on BAT thermogenesis occurs due to accumulation of unsaturated long-chain fatty acids or their metabolites in Decr−/− mice BAT suppressing down-stream propagation of NE-signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne M Mäkelä
- Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Esa Hohtola
- Department of Ecology and Genetics, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | | | - Joonas A Autio
- Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, RIKEN, Kobe, Japan.,Medical Research Center, University of Oulu and Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | | | - Kalle J Niemi
- Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - J Kalervo Hiltunen
- Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Kaija J Autio
- Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.
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Ascorbyl stearate stimulates cell death by oxidative stress-mediated apoptosis and autophagy in HeLa cervical cancer cell line in vitro. 3 Biotech 2019; 9:115. [PMID: 30863699 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-019-1628-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2018] [Accepted: 02/10/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, Asc-s was evaluated for anti-cancer effect using cervical cancer cells (HeLa). Results determine that Asc-s treatment-induced dose-dependent inhibition of proliferation of HeLa cells and induced apoptosis. Flow-cytometry analysis shows Asc-s treatment-induced accumulation of cells at sub-G0/G1 stage of cell cycle and induced apoptosis as confirmed by DAPI, propodium iodide, and acridine staining in HeLa cells. Asc-s entered the cells and metabolized to ascorbate and stearate moieties, increased membrane permeability, and decreased membrane fluidity in HeLa cells. Asc-s treatment-induced dose-dependent increase in autophagy protein LC3-II, mRNA levels and decreased Nrf-2 levels in HeLa cells. It is hypothesized that both ascorbyl radical and stearoyl moieties of Asc-s induced cytotoxicity by generating reactive oxygen species (ROS) and modulating membrane fluidity/permeability leading to apoptosis/autophagy of HeLa cells. Thus, our findings demonstrate that Asc-s as anti-proliferative and apoptosis inducing compound in cervical cancer cells.
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30
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Novel Approaches To Kill Toxoplasma gondii by Exploiting the Uncontrolled Uptake of Unsaturated Fatty Acids and Vulnerability to Lipid Storage Inhibition of the Parasite. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2018; 62:AAC.00347-18. [PMID: 30061287 DOI: 10.1128/aac.00347-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2018] [Accepted: 07/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Toxoplasma gondii, an obligate intracellular parasite replicating in mammalian cells within a parasitophorous vacuole (PV), is an avid scavenger of lipids retrieved from the host cell. Following lipid uptake, this parasite stores excess lipids in lipid droplets (LD). Here, we examined the lipid storage capacities of Toxoplasma upon supplementation of the culture medium with various fatty acids at physiological concentrations. Supplemental unsaturated fatty acids (oleate [OA], palmitoleate, linoleate) accumulate in large LD and impair parasite replication, whereas saturated fatty acids (palmitate, stearate) neither stimulate LD formation nor impact growth. Examination of parasite growth defects with 0.4 mM OA revealed massive lipid deposits outside LD, indicating enzymatic inadequacies for storing neutral lipids in LD in response to the copious salvage of OA. Toxoplasma exposure to 0.5 mM OA led to irreversible growth arrest and lipid-induced damage, confirming a major disconnect between fatty acid uptake and the parasite's cellular lipid requirements. The importance of neutral lipid synthesis and storage to avoid lipotoxicity was further highlighted by the selective vulnerability of Toxoplasma, both the proliferative and the encysted forms, to subtoxic concentrations of the acyl coenzyme A:diacylglycerol acyltransferase 1 (DGAT1) pharmacological inhibitor T863. T863-treated parasites did not form LD but instead built up large membranous structures within the cytoplasm, which suggests improper channeling and management of the excess lipid. Dual addition of OA and T863 to infected cells intensified the deterioration of the parasite. Overall, our data pinpoint Toxoplasma DGAT as a promising drug target for the treatment of toxoplasmosis that would not incur the risk of toxicity for mammalian cells.
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Cheng C, Wang D, Xia H, Wang F, Yang X, Pan D, Wang S, Yang L, Lu H, Shu G, He Y, Xie Y, Sun G, Yang Y. A comparative study of the effects of palm olein, cocoa butter and extra virgin olive oil on lipid profile, including low-density lipoprotein subfractions in young healthy Chinese people. Int J Food Sci Nutr 2018; 70:355-366. [PMID: 30160543 DOI: 10.1080/09637486.2018.1504009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of palm olein (POL), cocoa butter (CB) and extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) on the lipid profile and low-density lipoprotein subfractions in a young, healthy Chinese population. After screening, 72 subjects were randomly assigned to three groups, and an 18-week randomized crossover trial was conducted. The first phase was a 2-week run-in period, followed by three phases of the 4-week experimental periods with a 2-week washout period between experimental periods. Three groups of subjects alternately consumed a Chinese diet enriched with the different test oils. The various indices of subjects were collected before and after each experimental period. Sixty-seven subjects completed the study, and there were no significant differences in conventional indices amongst the three groups at the beginning of the three experimental periods (p > .05). Each test oil accounted for approximately 40% of total fat intake and approximately 11.3% of the total energy supply. After controlling for dietary interventions, only the serum triglyceride level of the POL-Diet was significantly lower than that of the EVOO-Diet (p = .034), and most indices did not significantly differ amongst the three test oil diets (p > .05). POL, CB and EVOO have almost identical effects on serum lipids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Cheng
- a Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health , Southeast University , Nanjing , P.R. China
| | - Di Wang
- a Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health , Southeast University , Nanjing , P.R. China
| | - Hui Xia
- a Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health , Southeast University , Nanjing , P.R. China
| | - Feng Wang
- a Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health , Southeast University , Nanjing , P.R. China
| | - Xian Yang
- a Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health , Southeast University , Nanjing , P.R. China
| | - Da Pan
- a Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health , Southeast University , Nanjing , P.R. China
| | - Shaokang Wang
- a Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health , Southeast University , Nanjing , P.R. China
| | - Ligang Yang
- a Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health , Southeast University , Nanjing , P.R. China
| | - Huixia Lu
- b Department of Laboratory , Zhongda Hospital Affiliated to Southeast University , Nanjing , P.R. China
| | - Guofang Shu
- b Department of Laboratory , Zhongda Hospital Affiliated to Southeast University , Nanjing , P.R. China
| | - Yaqiong He
- b Department of Laboratory , Zhongda Hospital Affiliated to Southeast University , Nanjing , P.R. China
| | - Yulan Xie
- c Department of Preventive Care , Zhongda Hospital Affiliated to Southeast University , Nanjing , P.R. China
| | - Guiju Sun
- a Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health , Southeast University , Nanjing , P.R. China
| | - Yuexin Yang
- d National Institute for Nutrition and Health , Chinese Centre for Disease Control and Prevention , Beijing , P.R. China
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Briggs MA, Petersen KS, Kris-Etherton PM. Saturated Fatty Acids and Cardiovascular Disease: Replacements for Saturated Fat to Reduce Cardiovascular Risk. Healthcare (Basel) 2017; 5:E29. [PMID: 28635680 PMCID: PMC5492032 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare5020029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2017] [Revised: 06/13/2017] [Accepted: 06/16/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Dietary recommendations to decrease the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) have focused on reducing intake of saturated fatty acids (SFA) for more than 50 years. While the 2015-2020 Dietary Guidelines for Americans advise substituting both monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids for SFA, evidence supports other nutrient substitutions that will also reduce CVD risk. For example, replacing SFA with whole grains, but not refined carbohydrates, reduces CVD risk. Replacing SFA with protein, especially plant protein, may also reduce CVD risk. While dairy fat (milk, cheese) is associated with a slightly lower CVD risk compared to meat, dairy fat results in a significantly greater CVD risk relative to unsaturated fatty acids. As research continues, we will refine our understanding of dietary patterns associated with lower CVD risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle A Briggs
- Department of Biology, Lycoming College, 700 College Place, Williamsport, PA 17701, USA.
| | - Kristina S Petersen
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA.
| | - Penny M Kris-Etherton
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA.
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High-Fat Diet Induces Unexpected Fatal Uterine Infections in Mice with aP2-Cre-mediated Deletion of Estrogen Receptor Alpha. Sci Rep 2017; 7:43269. [PMID: 28233809 PMCID: PMC5324142 DOI: 10.1038/srep43269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2016] [Accepted: 01/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) is a major regulator of metabolic processes in obesity. In this study we aimed to define the relevance of adipose tissue ERα during high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity using female aP2-Cre−/+/ERαfl/fl mice (atERαKO). HFD did not affect body weight or glucose metabolism in atERαKO- compared to control mice. Surprisingly, HFD feeding markedly increased mortality in atERαKO mice associated with a destructive bacterial infection of the uterus driven by commensal microbes, an alteration likely explaining the absence of a metabolic phenotype in HFD-fed atERαKO mice. In order to identify a mechanism of the exaggerated uterine infection in HFD-fed atERαKO mice, a marked reduction of uterine M2-macrophages was detected, a cell type relevant for anti-microbial defence. In parallel, atERαKO mice exhibited elevated circulating estradiol (E2) acting on E2-responsive tissue/cells such as macrophages. Accompanying cell culture experiments showed that despite E2 co-administration stearic acid (C18:0), a fatty acid elevated in plasma from HFD-fed atERαKO mice, blocks M2-polarization, a process known to be enhanced by E2. In this study we demonstrate an unexpected phenotype in HFD-fed atERαKO involving severe uterine bacterial infections likely resulting from a previously unknown negative interference between dietary FAs and ERα-signaling during anti-microbial defence.
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Yu J, Wu H, Lin Z, Su K, Zhang J, Sun F, Wang X, Wen C, Cao H, Hu L. Metabolic changes in rat serum after administration of suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid and discriminated by SVM. Hum Exp Toxicol 2017; 36:1286-1294. [PMID: 28084089 DOI: 10.1177/0960327116688067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (SAHA) exerts marked anticancer effects via promotion of apoptosis, cell cycle arrest, and prevention of oncogene expression. In this study, serum metabolomics and artificial intelligence recognition were used to investigate SAHA toxicity. Forty rats (220 ± 20 g) were randomly divided into control and three SAHA groups (low, medium, and high); the experimental groups were treated with 12.3, 24.5, or 49.0 mg kg-1 SAHA once a day via intragastric administration. After 7 days, blood samples from the four groups were collected and analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, and pathological changes in the liver were examined using microscopy. The results showed that increased levels of urea, oleic acid, and glutaconic acid were the most significant indicators of toxicity. Octadecanoic acid, pentadecanoic acid, glycerol, propanoic acid, and uric acid levels were lower in the high SAHA group. Microscopic observation revealed no obvious damage to the liver. Based on these data, a support vector machine (SVM) discrimination model was established that recognized the metabolic changes in the three SAHA groups and the control group with 100% accuracy. In conclusion, the main toxicity caused by SAHA was due to excessive metabolism of saturated fatty acids, which could be recognized by an SVM model.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Yu
- 1 The State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University; Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou City, China
| | - H Wu
- 2 Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Z Lin
- 3 Laboratory Animal Center, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - K Su
- 3 Laboratory Animal Center, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - J Zhang
- 3 Laboratory Animal Center, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - F Sun
- 3 Laboratory Animal Center, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - X Wang
- 3 Laboratory Animal Center, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - C Wen
- 3 Laboratory Animal Center, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - H Cao
- 1 The State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University; Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou City, China
| | - L Hu
- 4 Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
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Jonsson K, Barman M, Moberg S, Sjöberg A, Brekke HK, Hesselmar B, Sandberg AS, Wold AE. Serum fatty acids in infants, reflecting family fish consumption, were inversely associated with allergy development but not related to farm residence. Acta Paediatr 2016; 105:1462-1471. [PMID: 27637371 DOI: 10.1111/apa.13592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2016] [Revised: 09/07/2016] [Accepted: 09/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
AIM In this study, differences in serum fatty acid patterns between farm and nonfarm infants were investigated and related to subsequent allergy development. We also related allergy-related serum fatty acids to maternal diet and breast milk fatty acids. METHODS The FARMFLORA birth cohort included 28 farm and 37 nonfarm infants. Serum was obtained from 21 farm infants and 29 controls at four months post-partum and analysed for phospholipid fatty acids. Allergy was diagnosed by paediatricians at three years of age. RESULTS Serum fatty acid patterns were similar in farm and control infants, although farm infants had lower 18:1 omega-7 proportions. Serum proportions of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) were unrelated to farming status, but lower in children who subsequently developed allergy, with an odds ratio of 0.47 and 95% confidence interval of 0.27-0.83 (p = 0.01) for every 0.1% EPA increase. The infants' serum EPA proportions correlated with breast milk EPA proportions, which, in turn, correlated with maternal oily fish intake during lactation. CONCLUSION The allergy-protective effect of farming was not linked to infant serum fatty acid composition. However, healthy infants had higher proportions of EPA in their sera, probably reflecting a family diet rich in fish, compared to subsequently allergic children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karin Jonsson
- Food and Nutrition Science; Department of Biology and Biological Engineering; Chalmers University of Technology; Gothenburg Sweden
| | - Malin Barman
- Food and Nutrition Science; Department of Biology and Biological Engineering; Chalmers University of Technology; Gothenburg Sweden
| | - Sara Moberg
- Food and Nutrition Science; Department of Biology and Biological Engineering; Chalmers University of Technology; Gothenburg Sweden
| | - Agneta Sjöberg
- Department of Food and Nutrition, and Sport Science; University of Gothenburg; Gothenburg Sweden
| | - Hilde K. Brekke
- Department of Nutrition; Institute of Basic Medical Sciences; University of Oslo; Oslo Norway
| | - Bill Hesselmar
- Department of Paediatrics; Institute of Clinical Sciences; University of Gothenburg; Gothenburg Sweden
| | - Ann-Sofie Sandberg
- Food and Nutrition Science; Department of Biology and Biological Engineering; Chalmers University of Technology; Gothenburg Sweden
| | - Agnes E. Wold
- Clinical Bacteriology Section; Department of Infectious Diseases; University of Gothenburg; Gothenburg Sweden
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Stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1 deficiency reduces lipid accumulation in the heart by activating lipolysis independently of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2016; 1861:2029-2037. [PMID: 27751891 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2016.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2016] [Revised: 09/19/2016] [Accepted: 10/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1 (SCD1) has recently been shown to be a critical control point in the regulation of cardiac metabolism and function. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα) is an important regulator of myocardial fatty acid uptake and utilization. The present study used SCD1 and PPARα double knockout (SCD1-/-/PPARα-/-) mice to test the hypothesis that PPARα is involved in metabolic changes in the heart that are caused by SCD1 downregulation/inhibition. SCD1 deficiency decreased the intracellular content of free fatty acids, triglycerides, and ceramide in the heart of SCD1-/- and SCD1-/-/PPARα-/- mice. SCD1 ablation in PPARα-/- mice decreased diacylglycerol content in cardiomyocytes. These results indicate that the reduction of fat accumulation in the heart associated with SCD1 deficiency occurs independently of the PPARα pathway. To elucidate the mechanism of the observed changes, we treated HL-1 cardiomyocytes with the SCD1 inhibitor A939572 and/or PPARα inhibitor GW6471. SCD1 inhibition decreased the level of lipogenic proteins and increased lipolysis, reflected by a decrease in the content of adipose triglyceride lipase inhibitor G0S2 and a decrease in the ratio of phosphorylated hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL) at Ser565 to HSL (pHSL[Ser565]/HSL). PPARα inhibition alone did not affect the aforementioned protein levels. Finally, PPARα inhibition decreased the phosphorylation level of 5'-adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase, indicating lower mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation. In summary, SCD1 ablation/inhibition decreased cardiac lipid content independently of the action of PPARα by reducing lipogenesis and activating lipolysis. The present data suggest that SCD1 is an important component in maintaining proper cardiac lipid metabolism.
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Mamtani M, Kulkarni H, Wong G, Weir JM, Barlow CK, Dyer TD, Almasy L, Mahaney MC, Comuzzie AG, Glahn DC, Magliano DJ, Zimmet P, Shaw J, Williams-Blangero S, Duggirala R, Blangero J, Meikle PJ, Curran JE. Lipidomic risk score independently and cost-effectively predicts risk of future type 2 diabetes: results from diverse cohorts. Lipids Health Dis 2016; 15:67. [PMID: 27044508 PMCID: PMC4820916 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-016-0234-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2016] [Accepted: 03/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Detection of type 2 diabetes (T2D) is routinely based on the presence of dysglycemia. Although disturbed lipid metabolism is a hallmark of T2D, the potential of plasma lipidomics as a biomarker of future T2D is unknown. Our objective was to develop and validate a plasma lipidomic risk score (LRS) as a biomarker of future type 2 diabetes and to evaluate its cost-effectiveness for T2D screening. Methods Plasma LRS, based on significantly associated lipid species from an array of 319 lipid species, was developed in a cohort of initially T2D-free individuals from the San Antonio Family Heart Study (SAFHS). The LRS derived from SAFHS as well as its recalibrated version were validated in an independent cohort from Australia – the AusDiab cohort. The participants were T2D-free at baseline and followed for 9197 person-years in the SAFHS cohort (n = 771) and 5930 person-years in the AusDiab cohort (n = 644). Statistically and clinically improved T2D prediction was evaluated with established statistical parameters in both cohorts. Modeling studies were conducted to determine whether the use of LRS would be cost-effective for T2D screening. The main outcome measures included accuracy and incremental value of the LRS over routinely used clinical predictors of T2D risk; validation of these results in an independent cohort and cost-effectiveness of including LRS in screening/intervention programs for T2D. Results The LRS was based on plasma concentration of dihydroceramide 18:0, lysoalkylphosphatidylcholine 22:1 and triacyglycerol 16:0/18:0/18:1. The score predicted future T2D independently of prediabetes with an accuracy of 76 %. Even in the subset of initially euglycemic individuals, the LRS improved T2D prediction. In the AusDiab cohort, the LRS continued to predict T2D significantly and independently. When combined with risk-stratification methods currently used in clinical practice, the LRS significantly improved the model fit (p < 0.001), information content (p < 0.001), discrimination (p < 0.001) and reclassification (p < 0.001) in both cohorts. Modeling studies demonstrated that LRS-based risk-stratification combined with metformin supplementation for high-risk individuals was the most cost-effective strategy for T2D prevention. Conclusions Considering the novelty, incremental value and cost-effectiveness of LRS it should be used for risk-stratification of future T2D. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12944-016-0234-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manju Mamtani
- South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley School of Medicine, Brownsville, TX, 78520, USA.
| | - Hemant Kulkarni
- South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley School of Medicine, Brownsville, TX, 78520, USA
| | - Gerard Wong
- Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Jacquelyn M Weir
- Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | | | - Thomas D Dyer
- South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley School of Medicine, Brownsville, TX, 78520, USA
| | - Laura Almasy
- South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley School of Medicine, Brownsville, TX, 78520, USA
| | - Michael C Mahaney
- South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley School of Medicine, Brownsville, TX, 78520, USA
| | - Anthony G Comuzzie
- Department of Genetics, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - David C Glahn
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.,Olin Neuropsychiatry Research Center, Institute of Living, Hartford Hospital, 200 Retreat Avenue, New Haven, CT, USA
| | | | - Paul Zimmet
- Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Jonathan Shaw
- Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Sarah Williams-Blangero
- South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley School of Medicine, Brownsville, TX, 78520, USA
| | - Ravindranath Duggirala
- South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley School of Medicine, Brownsville, TX, 78520, USA
| | - John Blangero
- South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley School of Medicine, Brownsville, TX, 78520, USA
| | - Peter J Meikle
- Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Joanne E Curran
- South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley School of Medicine, Brownsville, TX, 78520, USA
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Strandvik B, Ntoumani E, Lundqvist-Persson C, Sabel KG. Long-chain saturated and monounsaturated fatty acids associate with development of premature infants up to 18 months of age. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2016; 107:43-9. [PMID: 26858144 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2016.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2015] [Revised: 12/18/2015] [Accepted: 01/12/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Myelination is important perinatally and highly dependent on long-chain saturated and monounsaturated fatty acids. Long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids, nowadays often supplemented, inhibit oleic acid synthesis. Using data from a premature cohort, we studied if nervonic, lignoceric and oleic acids correlated to growth and early development up to 18 months corrected age. Small for gestational age infants had lower concentrations than infants appropriate for gestational age. Only oleic acid was negatively correlated to long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids. Oleic and lignoceric acids correlated to social interaction at one month, and nervonic acid to mental, psychomotor and behavioral development at 6, 10 and 18 months, also when adjusted for several confounders. Negative association between oleic acid and long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids suggests inhibition of delta-9 desaturase, and nervonic acid´s divergent correlation to lignoceric and oleic acids suggests different metabolism in neonatal period. Our results may have implications for the supplementation of premature infants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Birgitta Strandvik
- Dept. of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, NOVUM, Hälsovägen 7-9, 14183 Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Eleni Ntoumani
- Dept. of Neonatology, Borås Children׳s Hospital, South Älvsborg׳s Hospital, Borås, Sweden
| | - Cristina Lundqvist-Persson
- Skaraborg Institute for Research and Development, Skövde, Sweden; Dept. of Psychology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Karl-Göran Sabel
- Dept. of Neonatology, Borås Children׳s Hospital, South Älvsborg׳s Hospital, Borås, Sweden
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Gambino R, Bugianesi E, Rosso C, Mezzabotta L, Pinach S, Alemanno N, Saba F, Cassader M. Different Serum Free Fatty Acid Profiles in NAFLD Subjects and Healthy Controls after Oral Fat Load. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:479. [PMID: 27043543 PMCID: PMC4848935 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17040479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2016] [Revised: 03/21/2016] [Accepted: 03/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Free fatty acid (FFA) metabolism can impact on metabolic conditions, such as obesity and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). This work studied the increase in total FFA shown in NAFLD subjects to possibly characterize which fatty acids significantly accounted for the whole increase. METHODS 21 patients with NAFLD were selected according to specified criteria. The control group consisted of nine healthy subjects. All subjects underwent an oral standard fat load. Triglycerides; cholesterol; FFA; glucose and insulin were measured every 2 h with the determination of fatty acid composition of FFA. RESULTS higher serum FFA levels in NAFLD subjects are mainly due to levels of oleic, palmitic and linoleic acids at different times. Significant increases were shown for docosahexaenoic acid, linolenic acid, eicosatrienoic acid, and arachidonic acid, although this was just on one occasion. In the postprandial phase, homeostatic model assessment HOMA index positively correlated with the ω3/ω6 ratio in NAFLD patients. CONCLUSIONS the higher serum levels of FFA in NAFLD subjects are mainly due to levels of oleic and palmitic acids which are the most abundant circulating free fatty acids. This is almost exactly corresponded with significant increases in linoleic acid. An imbalance in the n-3/n-6 fatty acids ratio could modulate postprandial responses with more pronounced effects in insulin-resistant subjects, such as NAFLD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Gambino
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, C.so Dogliotti 14, 10126 Torino, Italy.
| | - Elisabetta Bugianesi
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, C.so Dogliotti 14, 10126 Torino, Italy.
| | - Chiara Rosso
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, C.so Dogliotti 14, 10126 Torino, Italy.
| | - Lavinia Mezzabotta
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, C.so Dogliotti 14, 10126 Torino, Italy.
| | - Silvia Pinach
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, C.so Dogliotti 14, 10126 Torino, Italy.
| | - Natalina Alemanno
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, C.so Dogliotti 14, 10126 Torino, Italy.
| | - Francesca Saba
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, C.so Dogliotti 14, 10126 Torino, Italy.
| | - Maurizio Cassader
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, C.so Dogliotti 14, 10126 Torino, Italy.
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Liu L, Chu X, Na L, Yuan F, Li Y, Sun C. Decreasing high postprandial stearic acid in impaired fasting glucose by dietary regulation. Eur J Clin Nutr 2016; 70:795-801. [PMID: 26733041 DOI: 10.1038/ejcn.2015.208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2015] [Revised: 10/15/2015] [Accepted: 10/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES The objective of this study was to determine the postprandial change in free fatty acid (FFA) profiles in subjects with impaired fasting glucose (IFG), and to evaluate the effect of low glycemic index (GI) load on postprandial FFA profiles and inflammation. SUBJECTS/METHODS First, 50 IFG and 50 healthy subjects were recruited; and 2 -h postprandial changes in FFA profiles were determined. Second, the 50 IFG subjects then received three different loads: glucose load (GL), high glycemic index (HGI) load and low glycemic index (LGI) load, respectively. FFA profile, glucose, insulin, glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) and inflammatory biomarkers were assayed at 0, 30, 60, 90 and 120 min. RESULTS Postprandial stearic acid (C18:0) increased compared with baseline in all subjects, whereas the change in postprandial C18:0 was more marked in IFG subjects than in healthy subjects. Compared with subjects who received the GL and HGI load, the area under the curve for insulin, GLP-1, C18:0 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha significantly decreased and adiponectin increased in subjects who received the LGI load. CONCLUSIONS The rise in postprandial C18:0 in IFG subjects was inhibited by LGI load.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Liu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Public Health College, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, PR China
| | - X Chu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Public Health College, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, PR China
| | - L Na
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Public Health College, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, PR China
| | - F Yuan
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Public Health College, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, PR China
| | - Y Li
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Public Health College, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, PR China
| | - C Sun
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Public Health College, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, PR China
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41
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Breitkopf SB, Yuan M, Helenius KP, Lyssiotis CA, Asara JM. Triomics Analysis of Imatinib-Treated Myeloma Cells Connects Kinase Inhibition to RNA Processing and Decreased Lipid Biosynthesis. Anal Chem 2015; 87:10995-1006. [PMID: 26434776 PMCID: PMC5585869 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.5b03040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The combination of metabolomics, lipidomics, and phosphoproteomics that incorporates triple stable isotope labeling by amino acids in cell culture (SILAC) protein labeling, as well as (13)C in vivo metabolite labeling, was demonstrated on BCR-ABL-positive H929 multiple myeloma cells. From 11 880 phosphorylation sites, we confirm that H929 cells are primarily signaling through the BCR-ABL-ERK pathway, and we show that imatinib treatment not only downregulates phosphosites in this pathway but also upregulates phosphosites on proteins involved in RNA expression. Metabolomics analyses reveal that BCR-ABL-ERK signaling in H929 cells drives the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) and RNA biosynthesis, where pathway inhibition via imatinib results in marked PPP impairment and an accumulation of RNA nucleotides and negative regulation of mRNA. Lipidomics data also show an overall reduction in lipid biosynthesis and fatty acid incorporation with a significant decrease in lysophospholipids. RNA immunoprecipitation studies confirm that RNA degradation is inhibited with short imatinib treatment and transcription is inhibited upon long imatinib treatment, validating the triomics results. These data show the utility of combining mass spectrometry-based "-omics" technologies and reveals that kinase inhibitors may not only downregulate phosphorylation of their targets but also induce metabolic events via increased phosphorylation of other cellular components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne B. Breitkopf
- Division of Signal Transduction, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Min Yuan
- Division of Signal Transduction, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Katja P. Helenius
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Costas A. Lyssiotis
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology and Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - John M. Asara
- Division of Signal Transduction, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
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42
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Rizzuti B, Bartucci R, Sportelli L, Guzzi R. Fatty acid binding into the highest affinity site of human serum albumin observed in molecular dynamics simulation. Arch Biochem Biophys 2015; 579:18-25. [PMID: 26048999 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2015.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2015] [Revised: 05/28/2015] [Accepted: 05/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Multiple molecular dynamics simulations were performed to investigate the association of stearic acid into the highest affinity binding site of human serum albumin. All binding events ended with a rapid (<10 ps) lock-in of the fatty acid due to formation of a hydrogen bond with Tyr401. The kinetics and energetics of the penetration process both depended linearly on the positional shift of the fatty acid, with an average insertion time and free energy reduction of, respectively, 32 ± 20 ps and 0.70 ± 0.15 kcal/mol per methylene group absorbed. Binding events of longer duration (tbind>1 ns) were characterized by a slow exploration of the pocket entry and, frequently, of a nearby protein crevice corresponding to a metastable state along the route to the binding site. Taken all together, these findings reconstruct the following pathway for the binding process of stearic acid: (i) contact with the protein surface, possibly facilitated by the presence of an intermediate location, (ii) probing of the site entry, (iii) insertion into the protein, and (iv) lock-in at the final position. This general description may also apply to other long-chain fatty acids binding into any of the high-affinity sites of albumin, or to specific sites of other lipid-binding proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Rizzuti
- Licryl Laboratory, CNR-NANOTEC and CEMIF.Cal, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy.
| | - Rosa Bartucci
- Molecular Biophysics Laboratory and CNISM Unit, Department of Physics, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy
| | - Luigi Sportelli
- Molecular Biophysics Laboratory and CNISM Unit, Department of Physics, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy
| | - Rita Guzzi
- Molecular Biophysics Laboratory and CNISM Unit, Department of Physics, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy
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43
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Loften J, Linn J, Drackley J, Jenkins T, Soderholm C, Kertz A. Invited review: Palmitic and stearic acid metabolism in lactating dairy cows. J Dairy Sci 2014; 97:4661-74. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2014-7919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2014] [Accepted: 04/27/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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44
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Hosaka T, Sasaga S, Yamasaka Y, Nii Y, Edazawa K, Tsutsumi R, Shuto E, Okahisa N, Iwata S, Tomotake H, Sakai T. Treatment with buckwheat bran extract prevents the elevation of serum triglyceride levels and fatty liver in KK-A y mice. THE JOURNAL OF MEDICAL INVESTIGATION 2014; 61:345-52. [DOI: 10.2152/jmi.61.345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Toshio Hosaka
- Department of Public Health and Applied Nutrition, Institute of Health Biosciences, University of Tokushima Graduate School
- Third Department of Internal Medicine, Kyorin University School of Medicine
| | - Sayaka Sasaga
- Department of Public Health and Applied Nutrition, Institute of Health Biosciences, University of Tokushima Graduate School
| | - Yukiko Yamasaka
- Department of Public Health and Applied Nutrition, Institute of Health Biosciences, University of Tokushima Graduate School
| | - Yoshitaka Nii
- Food Technology Division, Tokushima Prefectural Industrial Technology Center
| | | | - Rie Tsutsumi
- Department of Public Health and Applied Nutrition, Institute of Health Biosciences, University of Tokushima Graduate School
| | - Emi Shuto
- Department of Public Health and Applied Nutrition, Institute of Health Biosciences, University of Tokushima Graduate School
| | - Naoki Okahisa
- Food Technology Division, Tokushima Prefectural Industrial Technology Center
| | - Shinya Iwata
- Food Technology Division, Tokushima Prefectural Industrial Technology Center
| | | | - Tohru Sakai
- Department of Public Health and Applied Nutrition, Institute of Health Biosciences, University of Tokushima Graduate School
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Barber E, Sinclair AJ, Cameron-Smith D. Comparative actions of omega-3 fatty acids on in-vitro lipid droplet formation. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2013; 89:359-66. [PMID: 24012207 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2013.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2013] [Revised: 07/18/2013] [Accepted: 07/25/2013] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Storage of fat into lipid droplets (LDs) is the key step in adipogenesis. Previously the omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (n-3PUFA) eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA; C20:5n-3) has been shown to suppress LD formation, yet the actions of other n-3PUFA is unknown. Here, we examined the impact of the three major long chain n-3PUFA; EPA, docosapentaenoic acid (DPA; C22:5n-3) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA; C22:6n-3) on LD formation in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Cells were supplemented with 100µM fatty acid during differentiation. All n-3PUFA significantly reduced LD formation and the metabolic disorder marker, SCD1, in comparison to stearic acid (STA; C18:0). This action was more potent for DHA than either EPA or DPA. Furthermore, DHA significantly increased lipolysis and ATGL gene and protein expression but reduced the gene expression of three proteins related to LD formation (Perilipin A, Caveolin-1 and Cidea), compared with other n-3PUFA. Thus, DHA, above EPA and DPA, markedly suppressed fat storage in LDs in in-vitro adipocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Barber
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Clayton 3800, Victoria, Australia.
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46
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Orchard TS, Ing SW, Lu B, Belury MA, Johnson K, Wactawski-Wende J, Jackson RD. The association of red blood cell n-3 and n-6 fatty acids with bone mineral density and hip fracture risk in the women's health initiative. J Bone Miner Res 2013; 28:505-15. [PMID: 23018646 PMCID: PMC3785326 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.1772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2012] [Revised: 09/08/2012] [Accepted: 09/14/2012] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Omega-3 (n-3) and omega-6 (n-6) polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) in red blood cells (RBCs) are an objective indicator of PUFA status and may be related to hip fracture risk. The primary objective of this study was to examine RBC PUFAs as predictors of hip fracture risk in postmenopausal women. A nested case-control study (n = 400 pairs) was completed within the Women's Health Initiative (WHI) using 201 incident hip fracture cases from the Bone Mineral Density (BMD) cohort, along with 199 additional incident hip fracture cases randomly selected from the WHI Observational Study. Cases were 1:1 matched on age, race, and hormone use with non-hip fracture controls. Stored baseline RBCs were analyzed for fatty acids using gas chromatography. After removing degraded samples, 324 matched pairs were included in statistical analyses. Stratified Cox proportional hazard models were constructed according to case-control pair status; risk of fracture was estimated for tertiles of RBC PUFA. In adjusted hazard models, lower hip fracture risk was associated with higher RBC α-linolenic acid (tertile 3 [T3] hazard ratio [HR]: 0.44; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.23-0.85; p for linear trend 0.0154), eicosapentaenoic acid (T3 HR: 0.46; 95% CI, 0.24-0.87; p for linear trend 0.0181), and total n-3 PUFAs (T3 HR: 0.55; 95% CI, 0.30-1.01; p for linear trend 0.0492). Conversely, hip fracture nearly doubled with the highest RBC n-6/n-3 ratio (T3 HR: 1.96; 95% CI, 1.03-3.70; p for linear trend 0.0399). RBC PUFAs were not associated with BMD. RBC PUFAs were indicative of dietary intake of marine n-3 PUFAs (Spearman's rho = 0.45, p < 0.0001), total n-6 PUFAs (rho = 0.17, p < 0.0001) and linoleic acid (rho = 0.09, p < 0.05). These results suggest that higher RBC α-linolenic acid, as well as eicosapentaenoic acid and total n-3 PUFAs, may predict lower hip fracture risk. Contrastingly, a higher RBC n-6/n-3 ratio may predict higher hip fracture risk in postmenopausal women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tonya S Orchard
- Department of Human Nutrition, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
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47
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Chu X, Liu L, Na L, Lu H, Li S, Li Y, Sun C. Sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1c mediates increase of postprandial stearic acid, a potential target for improving insulin resistance, in hyperlipidemia. Diabetes 2013; 62:561-71. [PMID: 22966071 PMCID: PMC3554356 DOI: 10.2337/db12-0139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Elevated serum free fatty acids (FFAs) levels play an important role in the development of insulin resistance (IR) and diabetes. We investigated the dynamic changes and the underlying regulatory mechanism of postprandial FFA profile in hyperlipidemia (HLP) and their relation with insulin sensitivity in both humans and mice. We found that serum stearic acid (SA) is the only fatty acid that is increased dramatically in the postprandial state. The elevation of SA is due to increased insulin-stimulated de novo synthesis mediated by sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1c (SREBP-1c)/acetyl-CoA carboxylase/fatty acid synthase/elongation of long-chain fatty acid family member 6 (ELOVL6) and the elongation of palmitic acid (PA) catalyzed by ELOVL6. Downregulation of SREBP-1c or ELOVL6 by small interfering RNA can reduce SA synthesis in liver and serum SA level, followed by amelioration of IR in HLP mice. However, inhibition of SREBP-1c is more effective in improving IR than suppression of ELOVL6, which resulted in accumulation of PA. In summary, increased postprandial SA is caused by the insulin-stimulated SREBP-1c pathway and elongation of PA in HLP. Reduction of postprandial SA is a good candidate for improving IR, and SREBP-1c is potentially a better target to prevent IR and diabetes by decreasing SA.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Ying Li
- Corresponding authors: Changhao Sun, , and Ying Li,
| | - Changhao Sun
- Corresponding authors: Changhao Sun, , and Ying Li,
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48
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Fainberg HP, Bodley K, Bacardit J, Li D, Wessely F, Mongan NP, Symonds ME, Clarke L, Mostyn A. Reduced neonatal mortality in Meishan piglets: a role for hepatic fatty acids? PLoS One 2012; 7:e49101. [PMID: 23155453 PMCID: PMC3498330 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0049101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2012] [Accepted: 10/04/2012] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The Meishan pig breed exhibits increased prolificacy and reduced neonatal mortality compared to commercial breeds, such as the Large White, prompting breeders to introduce the Meishan genotype into commercial herds. Commercial piglets are highly susceptible to hypoglycemia, hypothermia, and death, potentially due to limited lipid stores and/or delayed hepatic metabolic ability. We therefore hypothesized that variation in hepatic development and lipid metabolism could contribute to the differences in neonatal mortality between breeds. Liver samples were obtained from piglets of each breed on days 0, 7, and 21 of postnatal age and subjected to molecular and biochemical analysis. At birth, both breeds exhibited similar hepatic glycogen contents, despite Meishan piglets having significantly lower body weight. The livers from newborn Meishan piglets exhibited increased C18∶1n9C and C20∶1n9 but lower C18∶0, C20∶4n6, and C22∶6n3 fatty acid content. Furthermore, by using an unsupervised machine learning approach, we detected an interaction between C18∶1n9C and glycogen content in newborn Meishan piglets. Bioinformatic analysis could identify unique age-based clusters from the lipid profiles in Meishan piglets that were not apparent in the commercial offspring. Examination of the fatty acid signature during the neonatal period provides novel insights into the body composition of Meishan piglets that may facilitate liver responses that prevent hypoglycaemia and reduce offspring mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hernan P. Fainberg
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Leicestershire, United Kingdom
| | - Katherine Bodley
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Leicestershire, United Kingdom
| | - Jaume Bacardit
- School of Computer Science, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Dongfang Li
- School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Leicestershire, United Kingdom
| | - Frank Wessely
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Leicestershire, United Kingdom
| | - Nigel P. Mongan
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Leicestershire, United Kingdom
| | - Michael E. Symonds
- Early Life Nutrition Research Unit, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Lynne Clarke
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Imperial College Wye, Wye, Kent, United Kingdom
| | - Alison Mostyn
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Leicestershire, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
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49
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Kunešová M, Hlavatý P, Tvrzická E, Staňková B, Kalousková P, Viguerie N, Larsen TM, van Baak MA, Jebb SA, Martinez JA, Pfeiffer AFH, Kafatos A, Handjieva-Darlenska T, Hill M, Langin D, Zák A, Astrup A, Saris WHM. Fatty acid composition of adipose tissue triglycerides after weight loss and weight maintenance: the DIOGENES study. Physiol Res 2012; 61:597-607. [PMID: 23098653 DOI: 10.33549/physiolres.932414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Fatty acid composition of adipose tissue changes with weight loss. Palmitoleic acid as a possible marker of endogenous lipogenesis or its functions as a lipokine are under debate. Objective was to assess the predictive role of adipose triglycerides fatty acids in weight maintenance in participants of the DIOGENES dietary intervention study. After an 8-week low calorie diet (LCD) subjects with > 8 % weight loss were randomized to 5 ad libitum weight maintenance diets for 6 months: low protein (P)/low glycemic index (GI) (LP/LGI), low P/high GI (LP/HGI), high P/low GI (HP/LGI), high P/high GI (HP/HGI), and a control diet. Fatty acid composition in adipose tissue triglycerides was determined by gas chromatography in 195 subjects before the LCD (baseline), after LCD and weight maintenance. Weight change after the maintenance phase was positively correlated with baseline adipose palmitoleic (16:1n-7), myristoleic (14:1n-5) and trans-palmitoleic acid (16:1n-7t). Negative correlation was found with baseline oleic acid (18:1n-9). Lower baseline monounsaturated fatty acids (14:1n-5, 16:1n-7 and trans 16:1n-7) in adipose tissue triglycerides predict better weight maintenance. Lower oleic acid predicts lower weight decrease. These findings suggest a specific role of monounsaturated fatty acids in weight management and as weight change predictors.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Kunešová
- Obesity Management Centre, Institute of Endocrinology, Prague, Czech Republic.
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50
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In rat hepatocytes, myristic acid occurs through lipogenesis, palmitic acid shortening and lauric acid elongation. Animal 2012; 1:820-6. [PMID: 22444745 DOI: 10.1017/s1751731107000122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The origin of myristic acid in mammalian cells and the regulation of its endogenous cellular low concentration are not known. Another intriguing question is the potential metabolic properties of endogenous myristic acid as compared with exogenous myristic acid. In the present paper, we hypothesised and demonstrated that, in liver cells, in addition to the usual fatty acid synthase (FAS) pathway that produces predominantly palmitic acid and minor amounts of myristic acid, part of endogenous cellular myristic acid also comes from a shortening of palmitic acid, likely by peroxisomal β-oxidation and from lauric acid by elongation. From a nutritional point of view, C16:0 is universally found in natural fats and its shortening to myristic acid could contribute to a non-negligible source of this fatty acid (FA) in the organism. Then, we measured the distribution of endogenously synthesised myristic acid in lipid species and compared it with that of exogenous myristic acid. Our results do not support the hypothesis of different metabolic fates of endogenous and exogenous myristic acid and suggest that whatever the origin of myristic acid, its cellular concentration and lipid distribution are highly regulated.
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