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Saleh SM, El-Tawil OS, Mahmoud MB, Abd El-Rahman SS, El-Saied EM, Noshy PA. Do Nanoparticles of Calcium Disodium EDTA Minimize the Toxic Effects of Cadmium in Female Rats? Biol Trace Elem Res 2024; 202:2228-2240. [PMID: 37721680 PMCID: PMC10955038 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-023-03842-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023]
Abstract
The present study aims to investigate the ability of CaNa2EDTA (ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid) macroparticles and nanoparticles to treat cadmium-induced toxicity in female rats and to compare their efficacies. Forty rats were divided into 4 equal groups: control, cadmium, cadmium + CaNa2EDTA macroparticles and Cd + CaNa2EDTA nanoparticles. Cadmium was added to the drinking water in a concentration of 30 ppm for 10 weeks. CaNa2EDTA macroparticles and nanoparticles (50 mg/kg) were intraperitoneally injected during the last 4 weeks of the exposure period. Every two weeks, blood and urine samples were collected for determination of urea, creatinine, metallothionein and cadmium concentrations. At the end of the experiment, the skeleton of rats was examined by X-ray and tissue samples from the kidney and femur bone were collected and subjected to histopathological examination. Exposure to cadmium increased the concentrations of urea and creatinine in the serum and the concentrations of metallothionein and cadmium in serum and urine of rats. A decrease in bone mineralization by X-ray examination in addition to various histopathological alterations in the kidney and femur bone of Cd-intoxicated rats were also observed. Treatment with both CaNa2EDTA macroparticles and nanoparticles ameliorated the toxic effects induced by cadmium on the kidney and bone. However, CaNa2EDTA nanoparticles showed a superior efficacy compared to the macroparticles and therefore can be used as an effective chelating antidote for treatment of cadmium toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Safa M Saleh
- Department of Toxicology, Forensic Medicine and Veterinary Regulations, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Osama S El-Tawil
- Department of Toxicology, Forensic Medicine and Veterinary Regulations, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Manal B Mahmoud
- Immune Section, Research Institute for Animal Reproduction, Giza, Egypt
| | - Sahar S Abd El-Rahman
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Eiman M El-Saied
- Department of Toxicology, Forensic Medicine and Veterinary Regulations, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Peter A Noshy
- Department of Toxicology, Forensic Medicine and Veterinary Regulations, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt.
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Shukla AK, Mahale A, Choudhary S, Sharma P, Kulkarni OP, Bhattacharya A. Development and Validation of a Fluorogenic Probe for Lysosomal Zinc Release. Chembiochem 2024; 25:e202300783. [PMID: 38038368 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202300783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
Zinc homeostasis, which allows optimal zinc utilization in diverse life processes, is responsible for the general well-being of human beings. This paper describes developing and validating an easily accessible indole-containing zinc-specific probe in the cellular milieu. The probe was synthesized from readily available starting materials and was subjected to steady-state fluorescence studies. It showed selective sensing behavior towards Zn2+ with reversible binding. The suppression of PET (Photoinduced Electron Transfer) and ESIPT (Excited State Intramolecular Proton Transfer) elicited selectivity, and the detection limit was 0.63 μM (LOQ 6.8 μM). The zinc sensing capability of the probe was also screened in the presence of low molecular weight ligands [LMWLs] and showed interference only with GSH and ATP. It is non-toxic and can detect zinc in different cell lines under various stress conditions such as inflammation, hyperglycemia, and apoptosis. The probe could stain the early and late stages of apoptosis in PAN-2 cells by monitoring the zinc release. Most experiments were conducted without external zinc supplementation, showing its innate ability to detect zinc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adarash Kumar Shukla
- Department of Chemistry, Birla Institute of Technology and Science-Pilani (Hyderabad Campus), Hyderabad, 500078, India
| | - Ashutosh Mahale
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science-Pilani (Hyderabad Campus), Hyderabad, 500078, India
| | - Savita Choudhary
- Department of Chemistry, Birla Institute of Technology and Science-Pilani (Hyderabad Campus), Hyderabad, 500078, India
| | - Pravesh Sharma
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science-Pilani (Hyderabad Campus), Hyderabad, 500078, India
| | - Onkar Prakash Kulkarni
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science-Pilani (Hyderabad Campus), Hyderabad, 500078, India
| | - Anupam Bhattacharya
- Department of Chemistry, Birla Institute of Technology and Science-Pilani (Hyderabad Campus), Hyderabad, 500078, India
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Chen B, Yu P, Chan WN, Xie F, Zhang Y, Liang L, Leung KT, Lo KW, Yu J, Tse GMK, Kang W, To KF. Cellular zinc metabolism and zinc signaling: from biological functions to diseases and therapeutic targets. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2024; 9:6. [PMID: 38169461 PMCID: PMC10761908 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-023-01679-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2023] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Zinc metabolism at the cellular level is critical for many biological processes in the body. A key observation is the disruption of cellular homeostasis, often coinciding with disease progression. As an essential factor in maintaining cellular equilibrium, cellular zinc has been increasingly spotlighted in the context of disease development. Extensive research suggests zinc's involvement in promoting malignancy and invasion in cancer cells, despite its low tissue concentration. This has led to a growing body of literature investigating zinc's cellular metabolism, particularly the functions of zinc transporters and storage mechanisms during cancer progression. Zinc transportation is under the control of two major transporter families: SLC30 (ZnT) for the excretion of zinc and SLC39 (ZIP) for the zinc intake. Additionally, the storage of this essential element is predominantly mediated by metallothioneins (MTs). This review consolidates knowledge on the critical functions of cellular zinc signaling and underscores potential molecular pathways linking zinc metabolism to disease progression, with a special focus on cancer. We also compile a summary of clinical trials involving zinc ions. Given the main localization of zinc transporters at the cell membrane, the potential for targeted therapies, including small molecules and monoclonal antibodies, offers promising avenues for future exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bonan Chen
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Institute of Digestive Disease, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- CUHK-Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China
| | - Peiyao Yu
- Department of Pathology, Nanfang Hospital and Basic Medical College, Southern Medical University, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Tumor Pathology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wai Nok Chan
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Institute of Digestive Disease, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- CUHK-Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China
| | - Fuda Xie
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Institute of Digestive Disease, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- CUHK-Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yigan Zhang
- Institute of Biomedical Research, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
| | - Li Liang
- Department of Pathology, Nanfang Hospital and Basic Medical College, Southern Medical University, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Tumor Pathology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kam Tong Leung
- Department of Pediatrics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Kwok Wai Lo
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jun Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Institute of Digestive Disease, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Gary M K Tse
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Wei Kang
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Institute of Digestive Disease, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
- CUHK-Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China.
| | - Ka Fai To
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Institute of Digestive Disease, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
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Pastacı Özsobacı N, Karataş M, Tunçdemir M, Özcelik D. Effect of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor and angiotensin receptor blocker on oxidative stress and metabolism of elements in kidney of STZ-induced diabetic rats. Arch Biochem Biophys 2024; 751:109851. [PMID: 38065251 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2023.109851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Revised: 10/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/03/2023] [Indexed: 12/22/2023]
Abstract
In diabetes, increased oxidative stress and impaired trace element metabolism play an important role in the pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy. The objective of this research was to examine the outcomes of blocking the renin-angiotensin system, using either the angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor (ACEI), perindopril, or the angiotensin II type 1 (AT1) receptor blocker, irbesartan, on oxidative stress and trace element levels such as Zn, Mg, Cu, and Fe in the kidneys of diabetic rats that had been induced with streptozotocin. Thirty-two Wistar albino male rats were equally divided into four groups. The first group was used as a control. The second group of rats developed diabetes after receiving a single intraperitoneal dose of STZ. The third and fourth groups of rats had STZ-induced diabetes and received daily dosages of irbesartan (15 mg/kg b.w/day) and perindopril (6 mg/kg b.w/day) treatment, respectively. Biochemical analysis of the kidneys showed a distinct increase in oxidative stress, indicated by heightened levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) and decreased superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities, as well as reduced glutathione (GSH) levels in the kidneys of diabetic rats. In the kidneys of diabetic rats, the mean levels of Fe and Cu were found to be significantly higher than those of the control group. Additionally, the mean levels of Zn and Mg were significantly lower in the diabetic rats compared to the control rats. Both perindopril and irbesartan decreased significantly MDA content and increased SOD activities and GSH levels in the kidneys of rats with diabetes. The Zn and Mg concentrations in the kidneys of diabetic rats treated with perindopril and irbesartan were markedly higher than in untreated STZ-diabetic rats, while the Cu and Fe concentrations were significantly lower. The urinary excretion of rats treated with perindopril and irbesartan showed a pronounced increase in Cu levels, along with a significant reduction in Zn and Mg levels. Although diabetic rats demonstrated degenerative morphological alterations in their kidneys, both therapies also improved diabetes-induced histopathological modifications in the kidneys. Finally, the present results suggest that manipulating the levels of Zn, Mg, Cu, and Fe - either through ACE inhibition or by blocking AT1 receptors - could be advantageous in reducing lipid peroxidation and increasing antioxidant concentration in the kidneys of diabetic rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nural Pastacı Özsobacı
- Department of Biophysics, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul University- Cerrahpasa, Fatih, Istanbul, Turkiye.
| | - Metehan Karataş
- Department of Medical Biology, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul University- Cerrahpasa, Fatih, Istanbul, Turkiye
| | - Matem Tunçdemir
- Department of Medical Biology, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul University- Cerrahpasa, Fatih, Istanbul, Turkiye
| | - Derviş Özcelik
- Department of Biophysics, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul University- Cerrahpasa, Fatih, Istanbul, Turkiye; Department of Biophysics, Medical Faculty, Istanbul Arel University, Istanbul, Turkiye
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Heidari Seyedmahalleh M, Montazer M, Ebrahimpour-Koujan S, Azadbakht L. The Effect of Zinc Supplementation on Lipid Profiles in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Systematic Review and Dose-Response Meta-Analysis of Randomized Clinical Trials. Adv Nutr 2023; 14:1374-1388. [PMID: 37604307 PMCID: PMC10721485 DOI: 10.1016/j.advnut.2023.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Research on the effects of zinc supplementation on lipid profiles in people with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has been inconsistent. This systematic review and meta-analysis was performed to summarize the current data on the effects of zinc supplementation on lipid profiles in patients with T2DM. Three online databases including PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science were searched to find relevant studies published until September 2022. The exposure was zinc supplementation, and the outcomes were low-density lipoprotein (LDL), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), triglyceride (TG), and total cholesterol (TC). Fourteen randomized clinical trials consisting of 1067 patients were included in the statistical analysis. Significant improvement was observed in all 4 lipid profile components. Following zinc supplementation, a significant decrease was observed in TC (weighted mean difference [WMD]: -16.16; 95% confidence interval [CI]: -26.43, -5.89; P = 0.002), LDL (WMD: -6.18; 95% CI: -9.35, -3.02; P < 0.001), and TG (WMD: -13.08; 95% CI: -21.83, -4.34; P = 0.003). After analyzing 13 studies reporting HDL, a significant increase was seen (WMD: 3.76; 95% CI: 1.30, 6.22; P = 0.003). In a nonlinear dose-response analysis, a significant inverse association was observed between <12 wk zinc supplementation and TC, LDL, and TG (TC: WMD: -5, Pnonlinearity < 0.001; LDL: WMD: -5, Pnonlinearity = 0.07, TG: WMD: -16.5, Pnonlinearity = 0.006). Nonlinear dose-response analysis shows that the optimum elemental zinc dosage for the best response to the supplementation for TC, LDL, and TG are 120, 100, and 140 mg/d, respectively (TC: WMD: -5, Pnonlinearity < 0.001; LDL: WMD: -10, Pnonlinearity = 0.006, TG: WMD: -50, Pnonlinearity = 0.031). In conclusion, we found significant changes in all 4 components of the lipid profile through zinc supplementation in T2DM patients. Based on our findings, zinc supplementation may have profound favorable consequences on the lipid profile of T2DM patients, especially in the zinc-deficient group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Heidari Seyedmahalleh
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohsen Montazer
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Soraiya Ebrahimpour-Koujan
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Autoimmune Bullous Disease Research Center, Razi Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Leila Azadbakht
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Diabetes Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
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El-Beltagy AEFBM, Bakr SM, Mekhaimer SSG, Ghanem NF, Attaallah A. Zinc-nanoparticles alleviate the ovarian damage induced by bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in pregnant rats and their fetuses. Histochem Cell Biol 2023; 160:453-475. [PMID: 37495867 PMCID: PMC10624724 DOI: 10.1007/s00418-023-02222-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is an endotoxin derived from the cell wall of Gram-negative bacteria. LPS exposure during early gestation is associated with adverse effects on the placenta as well as on developmental outcomes, including embryonic resorption, fetal death, congenital teratogenesis, and fetal growth retardation. This work aimed to explore the adverse effects of LPS injected at an early stage of gestation on the gonads of pregnant rats and the ovaries of their pups and the role of zinc nanoparticles (Zn-NPs) against these adverse effects. Twenty-four pregnant rats were used in this study. They were divided at gestation day 4 into four groups (n = 6): control, Zn-NPs (20 mg/kg orally from gestation day E14 till the end of weaning), LPS (50 µg/kg at gestation days E7 and E9), and LPS + Zn-NPs group. The body weight and placenta weight were recorded at gestational day 16. At postnatal day 21 (weaning), the mothers rats and their offspring were sacrificed and immediately dissected to remove the ovaries and uteri from the mothers and the ovaries from their offspring for subsequent biochemical, histological, and immunohistochemical investigations. The obtained results revealed that LPS exposure during early gestation caused severe histopathological alterations in the placenta, uterus, and ovaries of mothers, as well as in the ovaries of their pups. Also, the uterine and ovarian sections displayed a positive reaction for caspase-3 antibody and a negative reaction for Bcl-2 antibody, which reflects the apoptotic effect of LPS. Additionally, remarkable reductions in the levels of antioxidants (superoxide dismutase and catalase) and significant increases in malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were recorded in the serum of LPS-treated mothers and in the ovarian tissues of their offspring. Further biochemical analysis of the ovarian tissues from LPS-maternally treated offspring showed a significant increase in the levels of caspase-3, TNF-α, and TGF-β1, but a significant decrease in the level of IGF-1. On the other hand, treatment of mothers with Zn-NPs from day 14 of gestation until the weaning day (21st day postnatal) successfully ameliorated most of the deleterious histopathological, immunohistochemical, and biochemical changes induced by LPS.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Samaa M Bakr
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, Egypt
| | - Samah S G Mekhaimer
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, Egypt
| | - Noura F Ghanem
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, Egypt
| | - Amany Attaallah
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Damanhour University, Damanhour, Egypt
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Goel H, Printz RL, Shiota C, Estes SK, Pannala V, AbdulHameed MDM, Shiota M, Wallqvist A. Assessing Kidney Injury Induced by Mercuric Chloride in Guinea Pigs with In Vivo and In Vitro Experiments. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:7434. [PMID: 37108594 PMCID: PMC10138559 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24087434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Revised: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute kidney injury, which is associated with high levels of morbidity and mortality, affects a significant number of individuals, and can be triggered by multiple factors, such as medications, exposure to toxic chemicals or other substances, disease, and trauma. Because the kidney is a critical organ, understanding and identifying early cellular or gene-level changes can provide a foundation for designing medical interventions. In our earlier work, we identified gene modules anchored to histopathology phenotypes associated with toxicant-induced liver and kidney injuries. Here, using in vivo and in vitro experiments, we assessed and validated these kidney injury-associated modules by analyzing gene expression data from the kidneys of male Hartley guinea pigs exposed to mercuric chloride. Using plasma creatinine levels and cell-viability assays as measures of the extent of renal dysfunction under in vivo and in vitro conditions, we performed an initial range-finding study to identify the appropriate doses and exposure times associated with mild and severe kidney injuries. We then monitored changes in kidney gene expression at the selected doses and time points post-toxicant exposure to characterize the mechanisms of kidney injury. Our injury module-based analysis revealed a dose-dependent activation of several phenotypic cellular processes associated with dilatation, necrosis, and fibrogenesis that were common across the experimental platforms and indicative of processes that initiate kidney damage. Furthermore, a comparison of activated injury modules between guinea pigs and rats indicated a strong correlation between the modules, highlighting their potential for cross-species translational studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Himanshu Goel
- Department of Defense Biotechnology High Performance Computing Software Applications Institute, Telemedicine and Advanced Technology Research Center, U.S. Army Medical Research and Development Command, Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
- The Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, MD 20817, USA
| | - Richard L. Printz
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Chiyo Shiota
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Shanea K. Estes
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Venkat Pannala
- Department of Defense Biotechnology High Performance Computing Software Applications Institute, Telemedicine and Advanced Technology Research Center, U.S. Army Medical Research and Development Command, Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
- The Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, MD 20817, USA
| | - Mohamed Diwan M. AbdulHameed
- Department of Defense Biotechnology High Performance Computing Software Applications Institute, Telemedicine and Advanced Technology Research Center, U.S. Army Medical Research and Development Command, Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
- The Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, MD 20817, USA
| | - Masakazu Shiota
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Anders Wallqvist
- Department of Defense Biotechnology High Performance Computing Software Applications Institute, Telemedicine and Advanced Technology Research Center, U.S. Army Medical Research and Development Command, Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
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Basta M, Yassin HA, Aly RG, El Sayed NS. Possible protective effect of zinc administration on renal and cognitive changes occurring in uninephrectomized adult male Wistar rats. Exp Physiol 2023; 108:253-267. [PMID: 36420617 PMCID: PMC10103884 DOI: 10.1113/ep090735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
NEW FINDINGS What is the central question of this study? Are renal changes occurring post-nephrectomy accompanied by cognitive changes, and does early administration of zinc supplements such as ZnSO4 to uninephrectomized rats ameliorate the renal and cognitive changes if present? What is the main finding and its importance? Uninephrectomy-induced renal changes were accompanied by species-atypical behaviour in rats in both Morris water maze and T maze tests, together with hypozincaemia and hippocampal inflammatory and oxidative changes. Early zinc administration to uninephrectomized rats ameliorated the renal, behavioural, hippocampal and serum zinc changes. ABSTRACT Cognitive impairment is increasingly recognized as an important consequence of kidney disease in humans. Kidney donation is a safe procedure but is known to increase the long-term risk of cardiovascular and kidney disease. Whether kidney donation impairs cognitive function is not known. In the present study, we examined whether the renal changes occurring post-nephrectomy were accompanied by cognitive changes as well, and whether early administration of zinc supplements such as ZnSO4 to uninephrectomized (UNX) rats could ameliorate the renal and cognitive changes if present. The present study included 30 adult male Wistar rats that were randomly assigned to three groups (n = 10 per group): sham-operated rats, UNX and UNX treated with ZnSO4 for 20 weeks. Before termination, rats were subjected to 24-h urine collection and behavioural testing with the Morris water maze and T maze tests. UNX induced significant proteinuria, renal functional, fibrotic and oxidative changes, as well as increased renal desmin expression. UNX rats also showed significant behavioural changes indicating spatial learning and memory affection, together with decreased hippocampal brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and antioxidant capacity, and increased glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), nitric oxide and malondialdehyde. In addition, UNX induced significant hyperglycaemia and dyslipidaemia, as well as significant reduction in serum zinc, copper and selenium. Early administration of ZnSO4 starting 1 week post-nephrectomy significantly ameliorated renal and behavioural changes, as well as hippocampal oxidative, BDNF and GFAP changes. Additionally, Zn recovered serum changes of triglycerides, cholesterol, zinc and copper. Therefore, early administration of zinc to humans undergoing nephrectomy may be of benefit and should be considered in human trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianne Basta
- Department of Medical PhysiologyFaculty of MedicineUniversity of AlexandriaAlexandriaEgypt
| | - Hend A. Yassin
- Department of Medical BiochemistryFaculty of MedicineUniversity of AlexandriaAlexandriaEgypt
| | - Rania G. Aly
- Department of Medical PathologyFaculty of MedicineUniversity of AlexandriaAlexandriaEgypt
| | - Norhan S. El Sayed
- Department of Medical PhysiologyFaculty of MedicineUniversity of AlexandriaAlexandriaEgypt
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Wang D, Wang N, Zhou J, Luo G, Li Y, Yu W, Tan H, Liu G, Wang J, Hao L. Urine trace element disorder along with renal function injury in vitamin D deficient diabetic rats and intervention effect of 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3. Front Nutr 2022; 9:1042558. [PMID: 36562035 PMCID: PMC9763592 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.1042558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Trace element metabolism disorders are often secondary to disorders of glucose metabolism in diabetes. Although 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 [1,25(OH)2D3] could ameliorate abnormal glucose metabolism in the development of diabetes, the effect on trace element metabolism is unclear. The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of 1,25(OH)2D3 on urinary excretions of trace elements in Zucker diabetic fatty (ZDF) rats. Methods At 6 weeks of age, male ZDF (n = 40) rats were subdivided into four groups: diabetic model (ZDF), low-dose (ZDF + VL, 2 μg/kg⋅bw), middle-dose (ZDF + VM, 8 μg/kg⋅bw) and high-dose (ZDF + VH, 16 μg/kg⋅bw) 1,25(OH)2D3 groups. Another 10 Zucker lean (ZL) rats served as a control group. All rats were given vitamin D deficient Purina #5008 chow and the intervention groups were given the corresponding dose of 1,25(OH)2D3 by gavage on alternate days for 7 weeks. Microalbuminuria (MALB) and urinary creatinine concentration were detected by a biochemical autoanalyzer. Urine trace element concentrations were measured using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) and were corrected by urinary creatinine. Results Throughout the intervention phase, MALB, UACR and urinary creatinine levels in the ZDF group were significantly higher than those in the ZL group, and showed a gradual increase with the prolongation of the intervention time. These changes were reversed in a dose-dependent manner after 1,25(OH)2D3 intervention (P < 0.05). Correspondingly, most of the urinary trace element excretions in the ZDF rats were significantly increased compared with the ZL group, and 1,25(OH)2D3 intervention significantly reduced the urinary copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), selenium (Se) and molybdenum (Mo) levels in the ZDF rats (P < 0.05), especially in the medium and high dose groups. Conclusion 1,25(OH)2D3 had improvement effects on urinary Cu, Zn, Se, and Mo excretions in ZDF rats, suggesting that it may be related to the reduction of diabetic renal impairment and renal oxidative damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongxia Wang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environment, Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China,Hebei Key Laboratory of Environment and Human Health, Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Ning Wang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environment, Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Juan Zhou
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environment, Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Gang Luo
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environment, Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yanyan Li
- Shenzhen Center for Chronic Disease Control, Shenzhen, China
| | - Wei Yu
- Shenzhen Center for Chronic Disease Control, Shenzhen, China
| | - Hongxing Tan
- Shenzhen Center for Chronic Disease Control, Shenzhen, China
| | - Gang Liu
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Cardiac Injury Repair Mechanism Study, Department of Cardiology, Hebei International Joint Research Center for Structural Heart Disease, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China,*Correspondence: Gang Liu,
| | - Jun Wang
- School of Food and Drug, Shenzhen Polytechnic, Shenzhen, China,Jun Wang,
| | - Liping Hao
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environment, Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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10
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Gadoa Z, Moustafa AH, El Rayes SM, Arisha AA, Mansour MF. Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles and Synthesized Pyrazolopyrimidine Alleviate Diabetic Effects in Rats Induced by Type II Diabetes. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:36865-36872. [PMID: 36278044 PMCID: PMC9583298 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c05638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a category of metabolic illness characterized by high blood sugar levels and insufficient pancreatic insulin production or activity within the body. The most common type of diabetes is type II diabetes, which is a metabolic condition characterized by insulin resistance and pancreatic islet β-cell failure, resulting in hyperglycemia. The goal of this study was to examine the anti-diabetic implications of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) and/or pyrazolopyrimidine in type II diabetic rats. Rats with a weight of 150 ± 20 g were used. Animals were divided into five groups as follows: group 1: control, group 2: type II diabetic rats, group 3: diabetic rats received ZnO NPs (10 mg/kg/orally/day), group 4: diabetic rats received pyrazolopyrimidine (5 mg/kg/orally/day), and group 5: diabetic rats received ZnO NPs (10 mg/kg/orally/day) + pyrazolopyrimidine (5 mg/kg/orally/day), respectively, for 30 days. The results indicated that serum glucose, total cholesterol (TC), triacylglycerol (TG), low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-c), very low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (VLDL-c), malondialdehyde, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha PGC-1α mRNA expressions were increased in the diabetic group versus the control group, while serum insulin, high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-c), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1A (CPT1A) mRNA expression levels were decreased. These parameters were reserved in the treated groups (ZnO NPs, pyrazolopyrimidine, and ZnO NPs + pyrazolopyrimidine). This study proved that ZnO NPs and pyrazolopyrimidine had an ameliorative effect on blood glucose levels, antioxidant status, lipid profile, liver function enzymes, and mRNA expression of hepatic genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahraa
Alaaeldein Gadoa
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Suez Canal
University in Ismailia, Ismailia 41522, Egypt
| | | | - Samir Mohamed El Rayes
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Suez Canal
University in Ismailia, Ismailia 41522, Egypt
| | - Ahmed A. Arisha
- Department
of Animal Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Badr University in Cairo (BUC), Badr City 11829, Cairo, Egypt
- Department
of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Fouad Mansour
- Department
of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
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11
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Nutraceutical Prevention of Diabetic Complications—Focus on Dicarbonyl and Oxidative Stress. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2022; 44:4314-4338. [PMID: 36135209 PMCID: PMC9498143 DOI: 10.3390/cimb44090297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Revised: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative and dicarbonyl stress, driven by excess accumulation of glycolytic intermediates in cells that are highly permeable to glucose in the absence of effective insulin activity, appear to be the chief mediators of the complications of diabetes. The most pathogenically significant dicarbonyl stress reflects spontaneous dephosphorylation of glycolytic triose phosphates, giving rise to highly reactive methylglyoxal. This compound can be converted to harmless lactate by the sequential activity of glyoxalase I and II, employing glutathione as a catalyst. The transcription of glyoxalase I, rate-limiting for this process, is promoted by Nrf2, which can be activated by nutraceutical phase 2 inducers such as lipoic acid and sulforaphane. In cells exposed to hyperglycemia, glycine somehow up-regulates Nrf2 activity. Zinc can likewise promote glyoxalase I transcription, via activation of the metal-responsive transcription factor (MTF) that binds to the glyoxalase promoter. Induction of glyoxalase I and metallothionein may explain the protective impact of zinc in rodent models of diabetic complications. With respect to the contribution of oxidative stress to diabetic complications, promoters of mitophagy and mitochondrial biogenesis, UCP2 inducers, inhibitors of NAPDH oxidase, recouplers of eNOS, glutathione precursors, membrane oxidant scavengers, Nrf2 activators, and correction of diabetic thiamine deficiency should help to quell this.
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12
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Triangulating evidence for the causal impact of single-intervention zinc supplement on glycaemic control for type 2 diabetes: systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trial and two-sample Mendelian randomisation. Br J Nutr 2022; 129:1929-1944. [PMID: 35946077 PMCID: PMC10167665 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114522002616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Although previous studies suggested the protective effect of Zn for type 2 diabetes (T2D), the unitary causal effect remains inconclusive. We investigated the causal effect of Zn as a single intervention on glycaemic control for T2D, using a systematic review of randomised controlled trials and two-sample Mendelian randomisation (MR). Four primary outcomes were identified: fasting blood glucose/fasting glucose, HbA1c, homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and serum insulin/fasting insulin level. In the systematic review, four databases were searched until June 2021. Studies, in which participants had T2D and intervention did not comprise another co-supplement, were included. Results were synthesised through the random-effects meta-analysis. In the two-sample MR, we used single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) from MR-base, strongly related to Zn supplements, to infer the relationship causally, but not specified T2D. In the systematic review and meta-analysis, fourteen trials were included with overall 897 participants initially. The Zn supplement led to a significant reduction in the post-trial mean of fasting blood glucose (mean difference (MD): −26·52 mg/dl, 95 % CI (−35·13, −17·91)), HbA1c (MD: −0·52 %, 95 % CI: (−0·90, −0·13)) and HOMA-IR (MD: −1·65, 95 % CI (−2·62, −0·68)), compared to the control group. In the two-sample MR, Zn supplement with two SNP reduced the fasting glucose (inverse-variance weighted coefficient: −2·04 mmol/l, 95 % CI (−3·26, −0·83)). From the two methods, Zn supplementation alone may causally improve glycaemic control among T2D patients. The findings are limited by power from the small number of studies and SNP included in the systematic review and two-sample MR analysis, respectively.
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13
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Martins MDPSC, de Carvalho VBL, Rodrigues LARL, Oliveira ASDSS, Arcanjo DDR, dos Santos MAP, Machado JSR, e Martins MDCDC, Rocha MDM. Effects of zinc supplementation on glycemic control and oxidative stress in experimental diabetes: A systematic review. Clin Nutr ESPEN 2022; 51:28-36. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2022.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2021] [Revised: 07/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
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14
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Beloucif A, Kechrid Z, Bekada AMA. Effect of Zinc Deficiency on Blood Glucose, Lipid Profile, and Antioxidant Status in Streptozotocin Diabetic Rats and the Potential Role of Sesame Oil. Biol Trace Elem Res 2022; 200:3236-3247. [PMID: 34613584 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-021-02934-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Zinc is recognized to have a crucial function in insulin production. As a result, its absence may have a deleterious impact on the progression of diabetes and associated consequences. So, this study was undertaken to evaluate the effect of sesame oil on biochemical parameters, zinc status, and oxidative stress biomarkers in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats fed zinc-deficient diet. Rats were divided into four groups. The first group consisted of non-diabetic rats that were fed in a sufficient zinc diet, whereas the second was a diabetic group which received also sufficient zinc diet, while the third and fourth groups were diabetic rats fed in a deficient zinc diet, one was non-treated and the other was treated with sesame oil 6% diet for 27 days. Zinc deficiency has affected the weight of the diabetic animals. It was also noticed that inadequate dietary zinc intake increased concentrations of glucose, cholesterol, triglycerides, malondialdehyde, and transaminases activities. Furthermore, zinc deficiency feed provoked a decrease in zinc level in tissues (femur, liver, and pancreas); glutathione concentration; and lactic dehydrogenase, amylase, catalase, superoxide dismutase, and glutathione-S-transferase activities. However, sesame oil treatment ameliorated all the previous parameters approximately to their normal values. It was found out that sesame oil supplementation is a potent factor in mitigating the oxidative severity of zinc deficiency in diabetes through its effective antioxidant potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afaf Beloucif
- Laboratory of Applied Biochemistry and Microbiology, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Annaba, Annaba, Algeria
| | - Zine Kechrid
- Laboratory of Applied Biochemistry and Microbiology, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Annaba, Annaba, Algeria.
| | - Ahmed Mohamed Ali Bekada
- Laboratory of Food Technology and Nutrition, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Mostaganem, Mostaganem, Algeria
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15
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The Role of Zinc and Copper in Platelet Activation and Pathophysiological Thrombus Formation in Patients with Pulmonary Embolism in the Course of SARS-CoV-2 Infection. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11050752. [PMID: 35625480 PMCID: PMC9138256 DOI: 10.3390/biology11050752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2022] [Revised: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
To date, many studies have proved that COVID-19 increases the incidence of thrombus formation and coagulopathies but the exact mechanism behind such a disease outcome is not well known. In this review we collect the information and discuss the pathophysiology of thrombus formation in patients with pulmonary embolism in the course of COVID-19 disease and the role of zinc and copper in the process. Supplementation of zinc and copper may be beneficial for COVID-19 patients due to its anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative properties. On the other hand, excess of those microelements in the organism may be harmful, that is why marking the level of those micronutrients should be done at first. We also propose further investigation of diagnostic and therapeutic options of zinc and copper in course of COVID-19 thrombus formation to their potential in patient care, with particular emphasis on the dosage and the duration of their misbalance.
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16
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Gembillo G, Visconti L, Giuffrida AE, Labbozzetta V, Peritore L, Lipari A, Calabrese V, Piccoli GB, Torreggiani M, Siligato R, Santoro D. Role of Zinc in Diabetic Kidney Disease. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14071353. [PMID: 35405968 PMCID: PMC9003285 DOI: 10.3390/nu14071353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Revised: 03/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic Kidney Disease (DKD) represents the most common cause of Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) in developed countries. Approximately 30% to 40% of diabetes mellitus (DM) subjects develop DKD, and its presence significantly increases the risk for morbidity and mortality. In this context, Zinc seems to have a potential role in kidney and body homeostasis in diabetic individuals as well as in patients at a high risk of developing this condition. This essential element has functions that may counteract diabetes-related risk factors and complications, which include stabilization of insulin hexamers and pancreatic insulin storage and improved glycemic control. In our review, we analyzed the current knowledge on the role of zinc in the management of renal impairment in course of DM. Several studies underline the critical role of zinc in reducing oxidative stress levels, which is considered the common denominator of the mechanisms responsible for the progression of kidney disease. Reaching and maintaining a proper serum zinc level could represent a valuable target to reduce symptoms related to DM complications and contrast the progression of kidney impairment in patients with the high risk of developing end-stage renal disease. In conclusion, analyzing the beneficial role of zinc in this review would advance our knowledge on the possible strategies of DM and DKD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guido Gembillo
- Unit of Nephrology and Dialysis, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy; (A.E.G.); (V.L.); (L.P.); (A.L.); (V.C.)
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morpho-Functional Imaging, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy;
- Correspondence: (G.G.); (D.S.)
| | - Luca Visconti
- Unit of Nephrology and Dialysis, Ospedali Riuniti Villa Sofia Cervello, University of Palermo, 90146 Palermo, Italy;
| | - Alfio Edoardo Giuffrida
- Unit of Nephrology and Dialysis, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy; (A.E.G.); (V.L.); (L.P.); (A.L.); (V.C.)
| | - Vincenzo Labbozzetta
- Unit of Nephrology and Dialysis, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy; (A.E.G.); (V.L.); (L.P.); (A.L.); (V.C.)
| | - Luigi Peritore
- Unit of Nephrology and Dialysis, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy; (A.E.G.); (V.L.); (L.P.); (A.L.); (V.C.)
| | - Antonella Lipari
- Unit of Nephrology and Dialysis, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy; (A.E.G.); (V.L.); (L.P.); (A.L.); (V.C.)
| | - Vincenzo Calabrese
- Unit of Nephrology and Dialysis, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy; (A.E.G.); (V.L.); (L.P.); (A.L.); (V.C.)
| | - Giorgina Barbara Piccoli
- Néphrologie Et Dialyse, Centre Hospitalier Le Mans, 194 Avenue Rubillard, 72000 Le Mans, France; (G.B.P.); (M.T.)
| | - Massimo Torreggiani
- Néphrologie Et Dialyse, Centre Hospitalier Le Mans, 194 Avenue Rubillard, 72000 Le Mans, France; (G.B.P.); (M.T.)
| | - Rossella Siligato
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morpho-Functional Imaging, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy;
- Unit of Nephrology, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Sant’Anna, 44124 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Domenico Santoro
- Unit of Nephrology and Dialysis, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy; (A.E.G.); (V.L.); (L.P.); (A.L.); (V.C.)
- Correspondence: (G.G.); (D.S.)
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17
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Hussain A, Jiang W, Wang X, Shahid S, Saba N, Ahmad M, Dar A, Masood SU, Imran M, Mustafa A. Mechanistic Impact of Zinc Deficiency in Human Development. Front Nutr 2022; 9:717064. [PMID: 35356730 PMCID: PMC8959901 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.717064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Zinc (Zn) deficiency in humans is an emerging global health issue affecting approximately two billion people across the globe. The situation prevails due to the intake of Zn deficient grains and vegetables worldwide. Clinical identification of Zn deficiency in humans remains problematic because the symptoms do not appear until impair the vital organs, such as the gastrointestinal track, central nervous system, immune system, skeletal, and nervous system. Lower Zn body levels are also responsible for multiple physiological disorders, such as apoptosis, organs destruction, DNA injuries, and oxidative damage to the cellular components through reactive oxygen species (ROS). The oxidative damage causes chronic inflammation lead toward several chronic diseases, such as heart diseases, cancers, alcohol-related malady, muscular contraction, and neuro-pathogenesis. The present review focused on the physiological and growth-related changes in humans under Zn deficient conditions, mechanisms adopted by the human body under Zn deficiency for the proper functioning of the body systems, and the importance of nutritional and nutraceutical approaches to overcome Zn deficiency in humans and concluded that the biofortified food is the best source of Zn as compared to the chemical supplementation to avoid their negative impacts on human.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azhar Hussain
- Department of Soil Science, The Islamia Diversity of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Wenting Jiang
- College of Life Sciences, Yan'an University, Yan'an, China
| | - Xiukang Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Yan'an University, Yan'an, China
| | - Shumaila Shahid
- Department of Soil Science, The Islamia Diversity of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Noreena Saba
- Qaid-e-Azam Medical College, Bahawal Victoria Hospital, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Maqshoof Ahmad
- Department of Soil Science, The Islamia Diversity of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Abubakar Dar
- Department of Soil Science, The Islamia Diversity of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Syed Usama Masood
- Clinical Fellow Pediatric Nephrology, Children Hospital and Institute of Child Health Multan, Multan, Pakistan
| | | | - Adnan Mustafa
- Faculty of Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry and Technology of Environmental Protection, Brno University of Technology, Brno, Czechia
- Department of Agrochemistry, Soil Science, Microbiology and Plant Nutrition (FA), Mendel University, Brno, Czechia
- Institute of Environmental Studies, Charles University Prague, Prague, Czechia
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18
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Vázquez-Lorente H, Molina-López J, Herrera-Quintana L, Gamarra-Morales Y, Quintero-Osso B, López-González B, Planells E. Good antioxidant response of erythrocyte Zn levels after supplementation with Zn in a postmenopausal population. A double-blind randomized trial. Exp Gerontol 2022; 162:111766. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2022.111766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Revised: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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19
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Pardo Z, Seiquer I. Supplemental Zinc exerts a positive effect against the heat stress damage in intestinal epithelial cells: Assays in a Caco-2 model. J Funct Foods 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2021.104569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
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20
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Mannucci C, Casciaro M, Sorbara EE, Calapai F, Di Salvo E, Pioggia G, Navarra M, Calapai G, Gangemi S. Nutraceuticals against Oxidative Stress in Autoimmune Disorders. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10020261. [PMID: 33567628 PMCID: PMC7914737 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10020261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Revised: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Antioxidant mechanisms are constituted of enzymes, endogenous, and non-enzymatic, exogenous, which have the role of counterbalancing oxidative stress. Intake of these compounds occurs in the diet. Vegetables, plants, and fruits contain a wide range of alkaloids, polyphenols, and terpenoids which are called “phytochemicals”. Most of these substances are responsible for the positive properties of fruits and vegetables, which are an essential part of a healthy life with roles in ameliorating chronic illnesses and favoring longevity. Nutraceuticals are substances contained in a food or fragment of it influencing health with positive effects on health helping in precenting or treating disorders. We conducted a review illustrating the principal applications of nutraceuticals in autoimmune disorders. Literature reported several studies about exogenous dietary antioxidant supplementation in diverse autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, lupus, diabetes, and multiple sclerosis. In these pathologies, promising results were obtained in some cases. Positive outcomes were generally associated with a reduction of oxidative stress parameters and a boost to antioxidant systems, and sometimes with anti-inflammatory effects. The administration of exogenous substances through food derivates or dietary supplements following scientific standardization was demonstrated to be effective. Further bias-free and extended studies should be conducted that include ever-increasing oxidative stress biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Mannucci
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy; (C.M.); (E.E.S.); (G.C.)
| | - Marco Casciaro
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Unit and School of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-090-221-2013
| | - Emanuela Elisa Sorbara
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy; (C.M.); (E.E.S.); (G.C.)
| | - Fabrizio Calapai
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98168 Messina, Italy; (F.C.); (M.N.)
| | - Eleonora Di Salvo
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, 98168 Messina, Italy;
| | - Giovanni Pioggia
- Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation (IRIB), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), 98164 Messina, Italy;
| | - Michele Navarra
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98168 Messina, Italy; (F.C.); (M.N.)
| | - Gioacchino Calapai
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy; (C.M.); (E.E.S.); (G.C.)
| | - Sebastiano Gangemi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Unit and School of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy;
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21
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Barman S, Srinivasan K. Diabetes and zinc dyshomeostasis: Can zinc supplementation mitigate diabetic complications? Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2020; 62:1046-1061. [PMID: 33938330 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2020.1833178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Zinc present in the islet cells of the pancreas is crucial for the synthesis, storage, and secretion of insulin. The excretion of large amounts of zinc from the body is reported in diabetic situations. Zinc depletion and increased oxidative stress have a major impact on the pathogenesis of diabetic complications. It would be most relevant to ascertain if intervention with supplemental zinc compensating for its depletion would beneficially mitigate hyperglycemia and the attendant metabolic abnormalities, and secondary complications in diabetes. An exhaustive literature search on this issue indicates: (1) Concurrent hypozincemia and decreased tissue zinc stores in diabetes as a result of its increased urinary excretion and/or decreased intestinal absorption, (2) Several recent experimental studies have documented that supplemental zinc has a potential hypoglycemic effect in the diabetic situation, and also beneficially modulate the attendant metabolic abnormalities and compromised antioxidant status, and (3) Supplemental zinc also alleviates renal lesions, cataract and the risk of cardiovascular disease accompanying diabetes mellitus, and help restore gastrointestinal health in experimental diabetes. These studies have also attempted to identify the precise mechanisms responsible for zinc-mediated beneficial effects in diabetic situation. The evidence discussed in this review highlights that supplemental zinc may significantly contribute to its clinical application in the management of diabetic hyperglycemia and related metabolic abnormalities, and in the alleviation of secondary complications resulting from diabetic oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susmita Barman
- Department of Biochemistry, CSIR - Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysore, India
| | - Krishnapura Srinivasan
- Department of Biochemistry, CSIR - Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysore, India
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22
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Yazğan B, Baltaci AK, Mogulkoc R, Avunduk MC. Effects of zinc supplementation on metallothionein levels in ischemic renal tissue. Biotech Histochem 2020; 95:285-296. [DOI: 10.1080/10520295.2019.1691264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Betul Yazğan
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Physiology, Adiyaman University, Adiyaman-Turkey
| | | | - Rasim Mogulkoc
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Physiology, Selçuk University, Konya-Turkey
| | - Mustafa Cihat Avunduk
- Faculty of Meram Medicine, Department of Pathology, Necmettin Erbakan University, Konya-Turkey
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23
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Hussein J, Attia MF, El Bana M, El-Daly SM, Mohamed N, El-Khayat Z, El-Naggar ME. Solid state synthesis of docosahexaenoic acid-loaded zinc oxide nanoparticles as a potential antidiabetic agent in rats. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 140:1305-1314. [PMID: 31449866 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.08.201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Revised: 08/21/2019] [Accepted: 08/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Our goal in this study is to improve the efficiency of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) toward the enhancement of insulin signaling pathway in vivo via loading with zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs). To this end, two consecutive steps were undertaken, preparation of ZnO NPs by one-step solid-state reaction in dry conditions and calcinated followed by loading DHA. Both developed nanoparticles, with and without DHA were then characterized by TEM, SEM, EDX, and Zetasizer. For comparison between free and loaded DHA, four groups of rats were prepared to receive different treatments. Group I; healthy rats (reference), group II; diabetes (streptozotocin-induced), group III and group IV are diabetes orally administered with free DHA and DHA-loaded ZnO NPs (10 mg/kg bw/day), respectively. Blood samples were collected and analyzed where the results demonstrated that fasting blood sugar and insulin resistance were significantly increased in diabetic group along with upgrading in oxidative stress parameters emphasizing the oxidative properties of streptozotocin. HPLC analysis of cell membrane fatty acids resulted in the reduction of omega-6 and 9 and elevation of omega-3 after free DHA and DHA-loaded ZnO NPs streptozotocin treatments. DHA-loaded ZnO NPs had high performance in enhancing insulin signaling pathway as expressed in changes of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihan Hussein
- Medical Biochemistry Department, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
| | - Mohamed F Attia
- Textile Research Division, National Research Centre, 33 El Bohouth st.-Dokki-Giza, Egypt; Department of Chemistry, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, United States.
| | - Mona El Bana
- Medical Biochemistry Department, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
| | - Sherien M El-Daly
- Medical Biochemistry Department, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
| | - Nadia Mohamed
- Medical Biochemistry Department, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
| | - Zakeria El-Khayat
- Medical Biochemistry Department, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
| | - Mehrez E El-Naggar
- Textile Research Division, National Research Centre, 33 El Bohouth st.-Dokki-Giza, Egypt.
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24
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Alghrably M, Czaban I, Jaremko Ł, Jaremko M. Interaction of amylin species with transition metals and membranes. J Inorg Biochem 2019; 191:69-76. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2018.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2018] [Revised: 10/30/2018] [Accepted: 11/04/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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25
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Azam A, Raza MA, Sumrra SH. Therapeutic Application of Zinc and Vanadium Complexes against Diabetes Mellitus a Coronary Disease: A review. OPEN CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1515/chem-2018-0118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
AbstractDuring the last two decades, number of peoples suffering from diabetes has increased from 30-230 million globally. Today, seven out of the ten top countries are suffering from diabetes, are emergent countries. Due to alarming situations of diabetes, chemists and pharmacist are continuously searching and synthesizing new potent therapeutics to treat this disease. Now a days, considerable attention is being paid to the chemistry of the metal-drug interactions. Metals and their organic based complexes are being used clinically for various ailments. In this review, a comprehensive discussion about synthesis and diabetic evaluation of zinc and vanadium complex is summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aisha Azam
- Department of Chemistry, Hafiz Hayat Campus, University of Gujrat, Gujrat, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Asam Raza
- Department of Chemistry, Hafiz Hayat Campus, University of Gujrat, Gujrat, Pakistan
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26
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Hamdiken M, Bouhalit S, Kechrid Z. Effect of Ruta chalepensis on Zinc, Lipid Profile and Antioxidant Levels in the Blood and Tissue of Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetes in Rats Fed Zinc-Deficient Diets. Can J Diabetes 2018; 42:356-364. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcjd.2017.08.239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2017] [Revised: 07/03/2017] [Accepted: 08/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Sun W, Yang J, Wang W, Hou J, Cheng Y, Fu Y, Xu Z, Cai L. The beneficial effects of Zn on Akt-mediated insulin and cell survival signaling pathways in diabetes. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2018; 46:117-127. [PMID: 29413101 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2017.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2017] [Revised: 12/06/2017] [Accepted: 12/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Zinc is one of the essential trace elements and participates in numerous physiological processes. Abnormalities in zinc homeostasis often result in the pathogenesis of various chronic metabolic disorders, such as diabetes and its complications. Zinc has insulin-mimetic and anti-diabetic effects and deficiency has been shown to aggravate diabetes-induced oxidative stress and tissue injury in diabetic rodent models and human subjects with diabetes. Akt signaling pathway plays a central role in insulin-stimulated glucose metabolism and cell survival. Anti-diabetic effects of zinc are largely dependent on the activation of Akt signaling. Zn is also an inducer of metallothionein that plays important role in anti-oxidative stress and damage. However, the exact molecular mechanisms underlying zinc-induced activation of Akt signaling pathway remains to be elucidated. This review summarizes the recent advances in deciphering the possible mechanisms of zinc on Akt-mediated insulin and cell survival signaling pathways in diabetes conditions. Insights into the effects of zinc on epigenetic regulation and autophagy in diabetic nephropathy are also discussed in the latter part of this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weixia Sun
- Department of Nephrology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130021, China.
| | - Jiaxing Yang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130021, China
| | - Wanning Wang
- Department of Nephrology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130021, China; Pediatric Research Institute, The Departments of Pediatrics, Radiation Oncology, Pharmacology and Toxicology, The University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Jie Hou
- Department of Nephrology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130021, China
| | - Yanli Cheng
- Department of Nephrology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130021, China
| | - Yaowen Fu
- Department of Nephrology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130021, China
| | - Zhonggao Xu
- Department of Nephrology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130021, China.
| | - Lu Cai
- Pediatric Research Institute, The Departments of Pediatrics, Radiation Oncology, Pharmacology and Toxicology, The University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
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Al-Waili N, Al-Waili H, Al-Waili T, Salom K. Natural antioxidants in the treatment and prevention of diabetic nephropathy; a potential approach that warrants clinical trials. Redox Rep 2017; 22:99-118. [PMID: 28276289 PMCID: PMC6837693 DOI: 10.1080/13510002.2017.1297885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy is the major cause of end-stage renal disease and effective and new therapeutic approaches are needed in diabetic nephropathy and chronic kidney diseases. Oxidative stress and inflammatory process are important factors contributing to kidney damage by increasing production of oxidants. KEAP1/Nrf2/ARE pathway regulates the transcription of many antioxidant genes and modulation of the pathway up regulates antioxidants. NFB controls the expression of genes involved in the inflammatory response. Natural substances have antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities and have an impact on NFB and KEAP1/Nrf2/ARE pathways. The preclinical studies explored the effectiveness of whole herbs, plants or seeds and their active ingredients in established diabetic nephropathy. They ameliorate oxidative stress induced kidney damage, enhance antioxidant system, and decrease inflammatory process and fibrosis; most likely by activating KEAP1/Nrf2/ARE pathway and by deactivating NFB pathway. Whole natural products contain balanced antioxidants that might work synergistically to induce beneficial therapeutic outcome. In this context, more clinical studies involving whole plants or herbal products or mixtures of different herbs and plants and their active ingredients might change our strategies for the management of diabetic nephropathy. The natural products might be useful as preventive interventions and studies are required in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noori Al-Waili
- New York Medical Care for Nephrology, Al-Waili Foundation for Science, New York, USA
| | - Hamza Al-Waili
- New York Medical Care for Nephrology, Al-Waili Foundation for Science, New York, USA
| | - Thia Al-Waili
- New York Medical Care for Nephrology, Al-Waili Foundation for Science, New York, USA
| | - Khelod Salom
- New York Medical Care for Nephrology, Al-Waili Foundation for Science, New York, USA
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Zinc and Oxidative Stress: Current Mechanisms. Antioxidants (Basel) 2017; 6:antiox6020024. [PMID: 28353636 PMCID: PMC5488004 DOI: 10.3390/antiox6020024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 275] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2016] [Revised: 03/15/2017] [Accepted: 03/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress is a metabolic dysfunction that favors the oxidation of biomolecules, contributing to the oxidative damage of cells and tissues. This consequently contributes to the development of several chronic diseases. In particular, zinc is one of the most relevant minerals to human health, because of its antioxidant properties. This review aims to provide updated information about the mechanisms involved in the protective role of zinc against oxidative stress. Zinc acts as a co-factor for important enzymes involved in the proper functioning of the antioxidant defense system. In addition, zinc protects cells against oxidative damage, acts in the stabilization of membranes and inhibits the enzyme nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase (NADPH-Oxidase). Zinc also induces the synthesis of metallothioneins, which are proteins effective in reducing hydroxyl radicals and sequestering reactive oxygen species (ROS) produced in stressful situations, such as in type 2 diabetes, obesity and cancer. Literature provides strong evidence for the role of zinc in the protection against oxidative stress in several diseases.
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30
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Schanz M, Schaaf L, Dippon J, Biegger D, Fritz P, Alscher MD, Kimmel M. Renal effects of metallothionein induction by zinc in vitro and in vivo. BMC Nephrol 2017; 18:91. [PMID: 28302075 PMCID: PMC5353879 DOI: 10.1186/s12882-017-0503-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2017] [Accepted: 03/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metallothionein (MTT) is an endogenous antioxidant that can be induced by both zinc (Zn) and ischemia. In kidneys, increased MTT expression exerts a putative protective role in diabetes and hypoxia. Our goal was to further investigate the behavior of MTT under the influence of Zn and hypoxia in vitro and in vivo. METHODS MTT expression was measured in vitro in cell cultures of proximal tubular cells (LCC-PK1) by immune-histochemistry and real-time PCR after incubation with increasing concentrations of Zn under hypoxic and non-hypoxic conditions. In addition, in vivo studies were carried out in 54 patients to study MTT induction through Zn. This is a sub-study of a prospective, randomized, double-blind trial on prevention of contrast-media-induced nephropathy using Placebo, Zn and N-Acetylcysteine. Blood samples were obtained before and after 2 days p.o. treatment with or without Zn (60 mg). ELISA-based MTT level measurements were done to evaluate the effects of Zn administration. For in vivo analysis, we considered the ratio of MTT to baseline MTT (MTT1/MTT0) and the ratio of eGFR (eGFR1/eGFR0), correspondingly. RESULTS In vitro quantitative immuno-histochemical analysis (IHC) and real-time PCR showed that at increasing levels of Zn (5, 10, and 15 μg/ml) led to a progressive increase of MTTs: Median (IQR) expression of IHC also increased progressively from 0.10 (0.09-0.12), 0.15 (0.12-0.18), 0.25 (0.25-0.27), 0.59 (0.48-0.70) (p < 0.0001). Median (IQR) expression of PCR: 0.59 (0.51-1.72), 1.62 (1.38-4.70), 3.58 (3.06-10.42) and 10.81 (9.24-31.47) (p < 0.0001). In contrast, hypoxia did not change MTT-levels in vitro (p > 0.05). In vivo no significant differences (p = 0.96) occurred in MTT-levels after 2 days of Zn administration compared with no Zn intake. Nevertheless, there was a significant correlation between MTT (MTT1/MTT0) and eGFR (eGFR1/eGFR0) in case of Zn administration (rho = -0.49; 95%-CI: -0.78 to -0.03; p = 0.04). CONCLUSIONS We found that Zn did induce MTTs in vitro, whereas hypoxia had no significant impact. In contrast, no significant increase of MTTs was detected after in vivo administration of Zn. However, there was a significant negative correlation between MTT and eGFR in vivo in case of Zn administration, this could indicate a protective role of MTTs in a setting of reduced kidney function, which is possibly influenced by Zn. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT00399256 . Retrospectively registered 11/13/2006.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moritz Schanz
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of General Internal Medicine and Nephrology, Robert-Bosch Hospital Stuttgart, Auerbachstraße 110, 70376, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Lea Schaaf
- Dr. Margarete Fischer-Bosch Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Juergen Dippon
- Department of Mathematics, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Dagmar Biegger
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of General Internal Medicine and Nephrology, Robert-Bosch Hospital Stuttgart, Auerbachstraße 110, 70376, Stuttgart, Germany.,Dr. Margarete Fischer-Bosch Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Peter Fritz
- Dr. Margarete Fischer-Bosch Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Mark Dominik Alscher
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of General Internal Medicine and Nephrology, Robert-Bosch Hospital Stuttgart, Auerbachstraße 110, 70376, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Martin Kimmel
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of General Internal Medicine and Nephrology, Robert-Bosch Hospital Stuttgart, Auerbachstraße 110, 70376, Stuttgart, Germany.
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McCarty MF. Supplementation with Phycocyanobilin, Citrulline, Taurine, and Supranutritional Doses of Folic Acid and Biotin-Potential for Preventing or Slowing the Progression of Diabetic Complications. Healthcare (Basel) 2017; 5:E15. [PMID: 28335416 PMCID: PMC5371921 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare5010015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2016] [Revised: 02/23/2017] [Accepted: 03/06/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress, the resulting uncoupling of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), and loss of nitric oxide (NO) bioactivity, are key mediators of the vascular and microvascular complications of diabetes. Much of this oxidative stress arises from up-regulated nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase activity. Phycocyanobilin (PhyCB), the light-harvesting chromophore in edible cyanobacteria such as spirulina, is a biliverdin derivative that shares the ability of free bilirubin to inhibit certain isoforms of NADPH oxidase. Epidemiological studies reveal that diabetics with relatively elevated serum bilirubin are less likely to develop coronary disease or microvascular complications; this may reflect the ability of bilirubin to ward off these complications via inhibition of NADPH oxidase. Oral PhyCB may likewise have potential in this regard, and has been shown to protect diabetic mice from glomerulosclerosis. With respect to oxidant-mediated uncoupling of eNOS, high-dose folate can help to reverse this by modulating the oxidation status of the eNOS cofactor tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4). Oxidation of BH4 yields dihydrobiopterin (BH2), which competes with BH4 for binding to eNOS and promotes its uncoupling. The reduced intracellular metabolites of folate have versatile oxidant-scavenging activity that can prevent oxidation of BH4; concurrently, these metabolites promote induction of dihydrofolate reductase, which functions to reconvert BH2 to BH4, and hence alleviate the uncoupling of eNOS. The arginine metabolite asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA), typically elevated in diabetics, also uncouples eNOS by competitively inhibiting binding of arginine to eNOS; this effect is exacerbated by the increased expression of arginase that accompanies diabetes. These effects can be countered via supplementation with citrulline, which efficiently enhances tissue levels of arginine. With respect to the loss of NO bioactivity that contributes to diabetic complications, high dose biotin has the potential to "pinch hit" for diminished NO by direct activation of soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC). High-dose biotin also may aid glycemic control via modulatory effects on enzyme induction in hepatocytes and pancreatic beta cells. Taurine, which suppresses diabetic complications in rodents, has the potential to reverse the inactivating impact of oxidative stress on sGC by boosting synthesis of hydrogen sulfide. Hence, it is proposed that concurrent administration of PhyCB, citrulline, taurine, and supranutritional doses of folate and biotin may have considerable potential for prevention and control of diabetic complications. Such a regimen could also be complemented with antioxidants such as lipoic acid, N-acetylcysteine, and melatonin-that boost cellular expression of antioxidant enzymes and glutathione-as well as astaxanthin, zinc, and glycine. The development of appropriate functional foods might make it feasible for patients to use complex nutraceutical regimens of the sort suggested here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark F McCarty
- Catalytic Longevity, 7831 Rush Rose Dr., Apt. 316, Carlsbad, CA 92009, USA.
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Raudenska M, Dvorakova V, Pacal L, Chalasova K, Kratochvilova M, Gumulec J, Ruttkay-Nedecky B, Zitka O, Kankova K, Adam V, Masarik M. Levels of heavy metals and their binding protein metallothionein in type 2 diabetics with kidney disease. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2017; 31. [PMID: 28059470 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.21891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2016] [Revised: 12/07/2016] [Accepted: 12/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Hyperglycemia, a major metabolic disturbance present in diabetes, promotes oxidative stress. Activation of antioxidant defense is an important mechanism to prevent cell damage. Levels of heavy metals and their binding proteins can contribute to oxidative stress. Antiradical capacity and levels of metallothionein (MT), metals (zinc and copper), and selected antioxidants (bilirubin, cysteine, and glutathione) were determined in 70 type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) subjects and 80 healthy subjects of Caucasian origin. Single nucleotide polymorphism (rs28366003) in MT gene was detected. Antiradical capacity, conjugated bilirubin, and copper were significantly increased in diabetics, whereas MT and glutathione were decreased. Genotype AA of rs28366003 was associated with higher zinc levels in the diabetic group. The studied parameters were not influenced by renal function. This is the first study comprehensively investigating differences in MT and metals relevant to oxidative stress in T2DM. Ascertained differences indicate increased oxidative stress in T2DM accompanied by abnormalities in non-enzymatic antioxidant defense systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Raudenska
- Department of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic.,Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Brno, Czech Republic.,Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Veronika Dvorakova
- Department of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Lukas Pacal
- Department of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Katarina Chalasova
- Department of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Monika Kratochvilova
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jaromir Gumulec
- Department of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic.,Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Brno, Czech Republic.,Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Branislav Ruttkay-Nedecky
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Agronomy, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czech Republic.,Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Ondrej Zitka
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Agronomy, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czech Republic.,Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Katerina Kankova
- Department of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Vojtech Adam
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Agronomy, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czech Republic.,Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Michal Masarik
- Department of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic.,Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Brno, Czech Republic
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Nasiry Zarrin Ghabaee D, Talebpour Amiri F, Esmaeelnejad Moghaddam A, Khalatbary AR, Zargari M. Administration of zinc against arsenic-induced nephrotoxicity during gestation and lactation in rat model. J Nephropathol 2016; 6:74-80. [PMID: 28491857 PMCID: PMC5418074 DOI: 10.15171/jnp.2017.13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2016] [Accepted: 11/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Free radicals production by toxicity of arsenic (Ar) is most important in the nephrotoxicity. There is accumulating evidence that zinc (Zn), has anti-oxidant properties. Objectives The aim of present study was to evaluate protective and ameliorative effects of Zn against Ar-induced nephrotoxicity in rat pups during gestation and lactation. Materials and Methods Twenty-four adult pregnant wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups (n = 6). Group one was given vehicle only. Group two received Zn (ZnSO4) at 20 mg/kg/d. Group three received Ar at 5 mg/kg/d as sodium meta-arsenite. Group four received Ar + Zn at the same dose that mentioned in groups of two and three. At the end of the study, 24 hours after the last treatment, samples were killed with overdose of sodium pentobarbital and kidneys were harvested for measuring malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione (GSH) and histopathological assessment. Results The MDA level in kidney was increased in the Ar group, which was decreased after Zn administration in the Ar + Zn group. The GSH level in kidney was decreased in the Ar group, which were increased after Zn administration in the Ar + Zn group. Also, the histopathological changes which were detected in the Ar group attenuated after Zn consumption. Conclusions Our findings suggested that administration of Zn during gestation and lactation could have protective and prevent effect in Ar-induced oxidative stress in kidney tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Fereshteh Talebpour Amiri
- Department of Anatomy, Molecular and Cell Biology Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Amir Esmaeelnejad Moghaddam
- Department of Anatomy, Molecular and Cell Biology Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Ali Reza Khalatbary
- Department of Anatomy, Molecular and Cell Biology Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Mehryar Zargari
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Molecular and Cell Biology Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Ira
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Zhang X, Liang D, Lian X, Chi ZH, Wang X, Zhao Y, Ping Z. Effect of zinc deficiency on mouse renal interstitial fibrosis in diabetic nephropathy. Mol Med Rep 2016; 14:5245-5252. [PMID: 27779665 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2016.5870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2015] [Accepted: 09/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
There is emerging evidence that tubulointerstitial fibrosis is the final common pathway of the majority of chronic progressive renal diseases, including diabetic nephropathy (DN). Zinc, an essential dietary element, has been suggested to be important for a number of protein functions during fibrosis in vivo and in vitro. However, the effect of zinc deficiency (ZnD) on renal interstitial fibrosis in DN remains unclear. The present study investigated the effect and the underlying mechanisms of ZnD on renal interstitial fibrosis during DN using an streptozotocin‑induced model of diabetes with immunofluorescence staining and western blot analysis. The present study identified that dietary zinc restriction significantly decreased zinc concentrations in the plasma and mouse kidney. ZnD enhanced albuminuria and extracellular matrix protein expression, associated with diabetic renal interstitial fibrosis by activation of renal interstitial fibroblasts and regulation of the expression of fibrosis‑associated factors, which may be mediated by the activation of fibroblasts via the TGF‑β/Smad signaling pathway. The data indicates that ZnD serves an important role in the pathogenic mechanisms of renal interstitial fibrosis during the development of DN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuli Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, P.R. China
| | - Dan Liang
- Troops of 95935 Unit, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150111, P.R. China
| | - Xu Lian
- Department of Endocrinology, Mudanjiang, Heilongjiang 157000, P.R. China
| | - Zhi-Hong Chi
- Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, P.R. China
| | - Xuemei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, P.R. China
| | - Yue Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, P.R. China
| | - Zhang Ping
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Liaoning Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning 121001, P.R. China
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Maremanda KP, Khan S, Jena GB. Role of Zinc Supplementation in Testicular and Epididymal Damages in Diabetic Rat: Involvement of Nrf2, SOD1, and GPX5. Biol Trace Elem Res 2016; 173:452-64. [PMID: 27025721 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-016-0674-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2015] [Accepted: 03/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Zinc (Zn) is one of the most important trace elements required for several biological processes. Diabetes negatively affects many organs, and diabetic patients are often hypozincemic. The present study aims to investigate the role of Zn supplementation in the testes, epididymis, and sperms of streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rat. Serum, testicular, and sperm Zn contents were found to be altered in diabetic rat. Biochemical, histopathological, and protein expression profiles were determined to decipher the role of Zn in protecting the cellular perturbations. Further, histopathological analyses of testes and epididymis showed deranged architecture along with other noted abnormalities. Diabetic testes showed decreased Nrf2, HO-1, SOD1, PCNA, and Bcl-2 expressions whereas increased COX-2, NF-κB, MT, IL-6, and p-ERK levels. SOD1 and GPX5 were decreased in the epididymis of diabetic rat, whereas Zn supplementation attenuated these changes. The present results demonstrate the beneficial role of Zn supplementation in diabetes-associated testicular alterations of rat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krishna Prahlad Maremanda
- Facility for Risk Assessment and Intervention Studies, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Sector-67, S.A.S. Nagar, Punjab, -160062, India
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Sector-67, S.A.S. Nagar, Punjab, -160062, India
| | - Sabbir Khan
- Facility for Risk Assessment and Intervention Studies, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Sector-67, S.A.S. Nagar, Punjab, -160062, India
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Sector-67, S.A.S. Nagar, Punjab, -160062, India
| | - G B Jena
- Facility for Risk Assessment and Intervention Studies, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Sector-67, S.A.S. Nagar, Punjab, -160062, India.
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Sector-67, S.A.S. Nagar, Punjab, -160062, India.
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Tunçdemir M, Ertürküner SP, Özçelik D. Investigation of lipid peroxidation and antiapoptotic effects of zinc aganist liver damage in diabetic rats. Hum Exp Toxicol 2016; 36:813-822. [DOI: 10.1177/0960327116666619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Several mechanisms for the pathogenesis of diabetic complications have been proposed, one of which is abnormal zinc (Zn) homeostasis. Zn is necessary for proper liver function since it has important antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antiapoptotic properties. We aimed to investigate whether or not Zn has morphologically protective effect on diabetes-induced liver damage in rats. In addition, we have investigated the role of Zn supplementation on apoptosis, lipid peroxidation levels, and the distribution of metallothionein (MT) in diabetic liver tissue. Wistar albino rats were divided into four groups: control, Zn, diabetic, and Zn-diabetic group. Experimental diabetes was induced by a single-dose streptozotocin intraperitoneally and Zn was administrated via gastric gavage tube for 6 weeks. MT expressions were showed with immunohistochemical staining and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling assay was used for apoptosis. Also, Zn, MT, and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were determined in liver of rats. MDA levels of the Zn-supplemented diabetic group was less than the diabetic group though MT levels were increased. The number of apoptotic cells per unit area was found to be significantly decreased in this group. In the Zn-supplemented diabetic group, fibrotic tissue density and the collagen tissue density were observed less than the diabetic group. MT immunoreactivity was observed less in Zn-supplemented diabetic group. In conculusion, the present study indicated that Zn has a potential in preventing or even repairing effect against diabetic damage of the liver cells by increasing expression of MT and by reducing the apoptotic cell death and the oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Tunçdemir
- Department of Medical Biology, Cerrahpasa Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - SP Ertürküner
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Cerrahpasa Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - D Özçelik
- Department of Biophysics, Cerrahpasa Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
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Nazarizadeh A, Asri-Rezaie S. Comparative Study of Antidiabetic Activity and Oxidative Stress Induced by Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles and Zinc Sulfate in Diabetic Rats. AAPS PharmSciTech 2016; 17:834-43. [PMID: 26349687 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-015-0405-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2015] [Accepted: 08/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
In the current study, antidiabetic activity and toxic effects of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO) were investigated in diabetic rats compared to zinc sulfate (ZnSO4) with particular emphasis on oxidative stress parameters. One hundred and twenty male Wistar rats were divided into two healthy and diabetic groups, randomly. Each major group was further subdivided into five subgroups and then orally supplemented with various doses of ZnO (1, 3, and 10 mg/kg) and ZnSO4 (30 mg/kg) for 56 consecutive days. ZnO showed greater antidiabetic activity compared to ZnSO4 evidenced by improved glucose disposal, insulin levels, and zinc status. The altered activities of erythrocyte antioxidant enzymes as well as raised levels of lipid peroxidation and a marked reduction of total antioxidant capacity were observed in rats receiving ZnO. ZnO nanoparticles acted as a potent antidiabetic agent, however, severely elicited oxidative stress particularly at higher doses.
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Derouiche S, Kechrid Z. Zinc Supplementation Overcomes Effects of Copper on Zinc Status, Carbohydrate Metabolism and Some Enzyme Activities in Diabetic and Nondiabetic Rats. Can J Diabetes 2016; 40:342-7. [PMID: 27026224 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcjd.2016.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2015] [Revised: 01/31/2016] [Accepted: 02/08/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of zinc supplementation on zinc status, carbohydrate metabolism and some enzyme activities in rats with alloxan-induced diabetes that were fed high-copper feed. METHODS Male albino Wistar rats were randomly divided into 6 groups (n=10). The first and fourth groups were nondiabetic and diabetic controls. The second, third, fifth and sixth groups were copper, copper + zinc, diabetes + copper and diabetes + copper + zinc groups, respectively. Diabetes in the fourth, fifth and sixth groups was induced by alloxan. Copper (30 mg/kg feed) as CuSO4 5H2O and zinc (231 mg/kg feed) as ZnSO4 7H2O were added to the feed of the animals in the copper and zinc groups for 21 days. RESULTS Copper supplementation caused a significant decrease in body weight gain, serum zinc, tissue zinc, serum protein concentrations, alkaline phosphatase, lactic dehydrogenase and amylase activities. In contrast, it led to an augmentation in creatinine, uric acid and transaminases activities in rats with and without diabetes. Zinc supplementation in the feed for animals given copper ensured a partial correction of the previous parameters. CONCLUSIONS The study demonstrated the beneficial effects of zinc treatment in copper-induced metabolic disturbance in diabetic and nondiabetic rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samir Derouiche
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Microbiology Application, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Annaba University, Annaba, Algeria
| | - Zine Kechrid
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Microbiology Application, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Annaba University, Annaba, Algeria.
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Ribeiro SMDF, Braga CBM, Peria FM, Domenici FA, Martinez EZ, Feres O, da Rocha JJR, da Cunha SFDC. Effect of Zinc Supplementation on Antioxidant Defenses and Oxidative Stress Markers in Patients Undergoing Chemotherapy for Colorectal Cancer: a Placebo-Controlled, Prospective Randomized Trial. Biol Trace Elem Res 2016; 169:8-16. [PMID: 26066525 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-015-0396-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2015] [Accepted: 06/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The study aimed to investigate the effect of oral zinc supplementation on antioxidant defenses and oxidative stress markers during chemotherapy for colorectal cancer. Twenty-four patients who had undergone surgical resection of colorectal cancer participated in this placebo-controlled, prospective randomized study. The supplementation was started in the perioperative period, in which 10 patients received 70 mg of zinc (zinc group, n = 10) and 14 patients received placebo (placebo group, n = 14) for 16 weeks. Approximately 45 days after surgical resection of tumor, all patients received a chemotherapeutic regimen (capecitabine, capecitabine combined with oxaliplatin or 5-fluorouracil). Vitamin C, vitamin E, antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and lipid peroxidation markers malondialdehyde (MDA) and 8-isoprostane were determined before the first, second, third, and fourth chemotherapy cycles. Compared with the placebo group, the zinc group presented higher SOD values before the first, second, and fourth chemotherapy cycles and lower GPx values before the third cycle. There were no statistical differences between the study groups in vitamin C, vitamin E, MDA, or 8-isoprostane plasma values. Longitudinal analysis revealed decreased vitamin E concentration in the placebo group before the second and fourth cycles as compared with the initial values. Zinc supplementation during chemotherapy cycles increased SOD activity and maintained vitamin E concentrations. Although no effect of zinc supplementation on oxidative stress markers was observed, the increase in SOD activity indicates a production of stable free radicals, which may have a positive effect in cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Miranda de Figueiredo Ribeiro
- Division of Nutrology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Camila Bitu Moreno Braga
- Division of Nutrology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Maris Peria
- Division of Clinical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Aparecida Domenici
- Division of Nutrology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Edson Zangiacomi Martinez
- Department of Social Medicine, School of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Omar Feres
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine of RibeirãoPreto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - José Joaquim Ribeiro da Rocha
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine of RibeirãoPreto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Selma Freire de Carvalho da Cunha
- Division of Nutrology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil.
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Synthesis, Spectral Characterization, and Biochemical Evaluation of Antidiabetic Properties of a New Zinc-Diosmin Complex Studied in High Fat Diet Fed-Low Dose Streptozotocin Induced Experimental Type 2 Diabetes in Rats. Biochem Res Int 2015; 2015:350829. [PMID: 26783461 PMCID: PMC4689890 DOI: 10.1155/2015/350829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2015] [Accepted: 11/15/2015] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
In view of the established antidiabetic properties of zinc, the present study was aimed at evaluating the hypoglycemic properties of a new zinc-diosmin complex in high fat diet fed-low dose streptozotocin induced experimental type 2 diabetes in rats. Zinc-diosmin complex was synthesized and characterized by various spectral studies. The complexation between zinc ions and diosmin was further evidenced by pH-potentiometric titrations and Job's plot. Diabetic rats were orally treated with zinc-diosmin complex at a concentration of 20 mg/kg b.w./rat/day for 30 days. At the end of the experimental period, the rats were subjected to oral glucose tolerance test. In addition, HOMA-IR and various biochemical parameters related to glucose homeostasis were analyzed. Treatment with zinc-diosmin complex significantly improved the glucose homeostasis in diabetic rats. Treatment with zinc-diosmin complex significantly improved insulin sensitivity, at least in part, through enhancing protein metabolism and alteration in the levels of muscle and liver glycogen. The assay of clinical marker enzymes revealed the nontoxic nature of the complex. Determination of renal tissue markers such as blood urea and serum creatinine indicates the renoprotective nature of the complex. These findings suggest that zinc-diosmin complex is nontoxic and has complimentary potential to develop as an antihyperglycemic agent for the treatment of diabetes mellitus.
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Wu H, Kong L, Cheng Y, Zhang Z, Wang Y, Luo M, Tan Y, Chen X, Miao L, Cai L. Metallothionein plays a prominent role in the prevention of diabetic nephropathy by sulforaphane via up-regulation of Nrf2. Free Radic Biol Med 2015; 89:431-42. [PMID: 26415026 PMCID: PMC4684781 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2015.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2015] [Revised: 08/10/2015] [Accepted: 08/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Sulforaphane (SFN) prevents diabetic nephropathy (DN) in type 1 diabetes via up-regulation of nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (Nrf2). However, it has not been addressed whether SFN also prevents DN from type 2 diabetes or which Nrf2 downstream gene(s) play(s) the key role in SFN renal protection. Here we investigated whether Nrf2 is required for SFN protection against type 2 diabetes-induced DN and whether metallothionein (MT) is an Nrf2 downstream antioxidant using Nrf2 knockout (Nrf2-null) mice. In addition, MT knockout mice were used to further verify if MT is indispensable for SFN protection against DN. Diabetes-increased albuminuria, renal fibrosis, and inflammation were significantly prevented by SFN, and Nrf2 and MT expression was increased. However, SFN renal protection was completely lost in Nrf2-null diabetic mice, confirming the pivotal role of Nrf2 in SFN protection from type 2 diabetes-induced DN. Moreover, SFN failed to up-regulate MT in the absence of Nrf2, suggesting that MT is an Nrf2 downstream antioxidant. MT deletion resulted in a partial, but significant attenuation of SFN renal protection from type 2 diabetes, demonstrating a partial requirement for MT for SFN renal protection. Therefore, the present study demonstrates for the first time that as an Nrf2 downstream antioxidant, MT plays an important, though partial, role in mediating SFN renal protection from type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Wu
- Department of Nephrology, the Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China, 130041; Kosair Children's Hospital Research Institute at the Department of Pediatrics, Wendy L. Novak Diabetes Care Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA, 40202
| | - Lili Kong
- Department of Nephrology, the Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China, 130041; Kosair Children's Hospital Research Institute at the Department of Pediatrics, Wendy L. Novak Diabetes Care Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA, 40202
| | - Yanli Cheng
- Kosair Children's Hospital Research Institute at the Department of Pediatrics, Wendy L. Novak Diabetes Care Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA, 40202; The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China, 130021
| | - Zhiguo Zhang
- Kosair Children's Hospital Research Institute at the Department of Pediatrics, Wendy L. Novak Diabetes Care Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA, 40202; The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China, 130021
| | - Yangwei Wang
- Department of Nephrology, the Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China, 130041
| | - Manyu Luo
- Department of Nephrology, the Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China, 130041; Kosair Children's Hospital Research Institute at the Department of Pediatrics, Wendy L. Novak Diabetes Care Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA, 40202
| | - Yi Tan
- Kosair Children's Hospital Research Institute at the Department of Pediatrics, Wendy L. Novak Diabetes Care Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA, 40202; Chinese-American Research Institute for Diabetic Complications, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China, 325200
| | - Xiangmei Chen
- Department of Nephrology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China, 100853
| | - Lining Miao
- Department of Nephrology, the Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China, 130041.
| | - Lu Cai
- Kosair Children's Hospital Research Institute at the Department of Pediatrics, Wendy L. Novak Diabetes Care Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA, 40202; Chinese-American Research Institute for Diabetic Complications, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China, 325200.
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42
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Ranasinghe P, Pigera S, Galappatthy P, Katulanda P, Constantine GR. Zinc and diabetes mellitus: understanding molecular mechanisms and clinical implications. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 23:44. [PMID: 26381880 PMCID: PMC4573932 DOI: 10.1186/s40199-015-0127-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2015] [Accepted: 08/20/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Background Diabetes mellitus is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Studies have shown that Zinc has numerous beneficial effects in both type-1 and type-2 diabetes. We aim to evaluate the literature on the mechanisms and molecular level effects of Zinc on glycaemic control, β-cell function, pathogenesis of diabetes and its complications. Methods A review of published studies reporting mechanisms of action of Zinc in diabetes was undertaken in PubMed and SciVerse Scopus medical databases using the following search terms in article title, abstract or keywords; (“Zinc” or “Zn”) and (“mechanism” or “mechanism of action” or “action” or “effect” or “pathogenesis” or “pathology” or “physiology” or “metabolism”) and (“diabetes” or “prediabetes” or “sugar” or “glucose” or “insulin”). Results The literature search identified the following number of articles in the two databases; PubMed (n = 1799) and SciVerse Scopus (n = 1879). After removing duplicates the total number of articles included in the present review is 111. Our results show that Zinc plays an important role in β-cell function, insulin action, glucose homeostasis and the pathogenesis of diabetes and its complications. Conclusion Numerous in-vitro and in-vivo studies have shown that Zinc has beneficial effects in both type-1 and type-2 diabetes. However further randomized double-blinded placebo-controlled clinical trials conducted for an adequate duration, are required to establish therapeutic safety in humans. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s40199-015-0127-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyanga Ranasinghe
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Colombo, Colombo, Sri Lanka.
| | - Shehani Pigera
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Colombo, Colombo, Sri Lanka
| | | | - Prasad Katulanda
- Diabetes Research Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Colombo, Colombo, Sri Lanka
| | - Godwin R Constantine
- Diabetes Research Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Colombo, Colombo, Sri Lanka
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McCarty MF, DiNicolantonio JJ. The protection conferred by chelation therapy in post-MI diabetics might be replicated by high-dose zinc supplementation. Med Hypotheses 2015; 84:451-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2015.01.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2014] [Revised: 01/23/2015] [Accepted: 01/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Shoae-Hagh P, Rahimifard M, Navaei-Nigjeh M, Baeeri M, Gholami M, Mohammadirad A, Abdollahi M. Zinc oxide nanoparticles reduce apoptosis and oxidative stress values in isolated rat pancreatic islets. Biol Trace Elem Res 2014; 162:262-9. [PMID: 25183395 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-014-0113-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2014] [Accepted: 08/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Although toxic effects of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) have been previously studied, there are still controversies in terms of dose, size, shape, and affecting cells. By such a perspective, in this study, small size of ZnO NPs with a diameter of 10 nm at low concentrations was studied for any effect on the viability and function of isolated rat pancreatic islets. Islets of Langerhans were isolated and assessed for viability, functionality (insulin secretion), cytosolic reactive oxygen species (ROS), and apoptosis by flow cytometry. The LC50 of ZnO NPs was found at 1,400 ng/mL at the first phase of the study. A meaningful increase in viability of islets and insulin secretion in basal and even stimulated concentrations of glucose was found by ZnO NPs (70 ng/mL) with p < 0.001 and p < 0.05, respectively. Likewise, ZnO NPs in 70 ng/mL concentration decreased cytosolic ROS generation (p < 0.05). In the meantime, the percentage of early stage of apoptotic cells dropped down to 17 % (from 29 % of control). These results for the first time confirm that ZnO NPs are not only safe when used at dose of 70 ng/mL but also improve viability and function of pancreatic islets and meanwhile reduce oxidative stress and prevent cells from entering the apoptotic phase.
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Joshi S, Nair N, Bedwal RS. Dietary zinc deficiency effects dorso-lateral and ventral prostate of Wistar rats: histological, biochemical and trace element study. Biol Trace Elem Res 2014; 161:91-100. [PMID: 25053558 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-014-0053-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2014] [Accepted: 06/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Zinc deficiency has become a global problem affecting the developed and developing countries due to inhibitors in the diet which prevents its absorption or due to a very low concentration of bioavailable zinc in the diet. Being present in high concentration in the prostate and having diverse biological function, we investigated the effects of dietary zinc deficiency for 2 and 4 weeks on dorso-lateral and ventral prostate. Sixty prepubertal rats were divided into three groups: zinc control (ZC), pair fed (PF) and zinc deficient (ZD) and fed on 100 μg/g (zinc control and pair fed groups) and 1 μg/g (zinc deficient) diet. Zinc deficiency was associated with degenerative changes in dorso-lateral and ventral prostate as made evident by karyolysis, karyorhexis, cytoplasmolysis, loss of cellularisation, decreased intraluminar secretion and degeneration of fibromuscular stroma. In response, protein carbonyl, nitric oxide, acid phosphatase, 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase and 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase increased, exhibiting variable level of significance. Total protein and total zinc concentration in dorso-lateral and ventral prostate as well as in serum decreased (P < 0.001). Decrease (P < 0.001) was recorded in serum FSH and testosterone after 2 and 4 weeks of zinc deficiency. The changes were more prominent after 4 weeks of synthetic zinc deficient diet. The results indicate that zinc deficiency during prepubertal period affects the prostate structure, total protein concentration, enhanced protein carbonyl concentration, nitric oxide as well as acid phosphatase activities and impaired hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase activities. Evidently these changes could be attributed to dysfunction of dorso-lateral and ventral prostate after dietary zinc deficiency as well as impairment of metabolic and secretory activity, reduced gonadotropin levels by hypothalamus -hypophysial system which is indicative of a critical role of zinc in maintaining the prostate integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangeeta Joshi
- Cell Biology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Rajasthan, Jaipur, 302055, Rajasthan, India
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46
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Gao W, Li X, Gao Z, Li H. Iron increases diabetes-induced kidney injury and oxidative stress in rats. Biol Trace Elem Res 2014; 160:368-75. [PMID: 24996958 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-014-0021-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2014] [Accepted: 05/19/2014] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy is both a common and a severe complication of diabetes mellitus. Iron is an essential trace element. However, excess iron is toxic, playing a role in the pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy. The present study aimed to determine the extent of the interaction between iron and type 2 diabetes in the kidney. Male rats were randomly assigned into four groups: control, iron (300-mg/kg iron dextran), diabetes (a single dose of intraperitoneal streptozotocin), and iron + diabetes group. Iron supplementation resulted in a higher liver iron content, and diabetic rats showed higher serum glucose compared with control rats, which confirmed the model as iron overload and diabetic. It was found that iron + diabetes group showed a greater degree of kidney pathological changes, a remarkable reduction in body weight, and a significant increase in relative kidney weight and iron accumulation in rat kidneys compared with iron or diabetes group. Moreover, malondialdehyde values in the kidney were higher in iron + diabetes group than in iron or diabetes group, sulfhydryl concentration and glutathione peroxidase activity were decreased by the diabetes and iron + diabetes groups, and protein oxidation and nitration levels were higher in the kidney of iron + diabetes group as compared to iron or diabetes group. However, iron supplementation did not elevate the glucose level of a diabetic further. These results suggested that iron increased the diabetic renal injury probably through increased oxidative/nitrative stress and reduced antioxidant capacity instead of promoting a rise in blood sugar levels; iron might be a potential cofactor of diabetic nephropathy, and strict control of iron would be important under diabetic state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanxia Gao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
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Cayir Y, Cayir A, Turan MI, Kurt N, Kara M, Laloglu E, Ciftel M, Yildirim A. Antioxidant status in blood of obese children: the relation between trace elements, paraoxonase, and arylesterase values. Biol Trace Elem Res 2014; 160:155-60. [PMID: 24920129 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-014-0038-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2014] [Accepted: 06/03/2014] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is known to lead to complications involving several systems. The basic mechanism in obesity-related complications is chronic inflammation and increased oxidative stress. Trace element levels in obese children may vary due to poor nutritional habits. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relation between serum paraoxonase (PON1) and arylesterase (ARE) levels, markers of the oxidant-antioxidant balance in the body, and serum zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), manganese (Mn), and selenium (Se) concentrations in obese children. Fifty-seven overweight patients aged 6-17 and 48 age- and sex-matched healthy children were included in the study. Serum PON1 and ARE activity levels were measured, together with Cu, Zn, Mn, Se, total cholesterol, triglyceride, low-density lipoprotein, high-density lipoprotein, very low-density lipoprotein, glucose, aspartate amino transferase, and alanine amino transferase levels. PON1 and ARE activity levels were significantly lower in obese patients compared to those in healthy individuals (P < 0.05). Various changes were determined in Cu, Zn, Mn, and Se levels between the study and control groups (P < 0.05). In terms of the relation between trace elements and PON1 and ARE levels, a significant positive correlation was determined between serum Se and PON1 levels in the study group (P < 0.05, r = 0.31). No significant correlation was determined between other trace element levels and PON1 and ARE levels (P > 0.05). In conclusion, the detection in our study of a positive correlation between Se and PON1 levels in obese children may be significant in terms of showing a relation between Se and antioxidant systems in obese children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasemin Cayir
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Family Medicine, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey
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You L, Liu C, Yang ZJ, Li M, Li S. Prediction of selenoprotein T structure and its response to selenium deficiency in chicken immune organs. Biol Trace Elem Res 2014; 160:222-31. [PMID: 24958020 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-014-0049-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2014] [Accepted: 06/16/2014] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Selenoprotein T (SelT) is associated with the regulation of calcium homeostasis and neuroendocrine secretion. SelT can also change cell adhesion and is involved in redox regulation and cell fixation. However, the structure and function of chicken SelT and its response to selenium (Se) remains unclear. In the present study, 150 1-day-old chickens were randomly divided into a low Se group (L group, fed a Se-deficient diet containing 0.020 mg/kg Se) and a control group (C group, fed a diet containing sodium selenite at 0.2 mg/kg Se). The immune organs (spleen, thymus, and bursa of Fabricius) were collected at 15, 25, 35, 45, and 55 days of age. We performed a sequence analysis and predicted the structure and function of SelT. We also investigated the effects of Se deficiency on the expression of SelT, selenophosphate synthetase-1 (SPS1), and selenocysteine synthase (SecS) using RT-PCR and the oxidative stress in the chicken immune organs. The data showed that the coding sequence (CDS) and deduced amino acid sequence of SelT were highly similar to those of 17 other animals. Se deficiency induced lower (P < 0.05) levels of SelT, SPS1, and SecS, reduced the catalase (CAT) activity, and increased the levels of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and hydroxyl radical (-OH) in immune organs. In conclusion, the CDS and deduced amino acid sequence of chicken SelT are highly homologous to those of various mammals. The redox function and response to the Se deficiency of chicken SelT may be conserved. A Se-deficient diet led to a decrease in SelT, SecS, and SPS1 and induced oxidative stress in the chicken immune organs. To our knowledge, this is the first report of predictions of chicken SelT structure and function. The present study demonstrated the relationship between the selenoprotein synthases (SPS1, SecS) and SelT expression in the chicken immune organs and further confirmed oxidative stress caused by Se deficiency. Thus, the information presented in this study is helpful to understand chicken SelT structure and function. Meanwhile, the present research also confirmed the negative effects of Se deficiency on chicken immune organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu You
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, People's Republic of China
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Tyszka-Czochara M, Paśko P, Reczyński W, Szlósarczyk M, Bystrowska B, Opoka W. Zinc and propolis reduces cytotoxicity and proliferation in skin fibroblast cell culture: total polyphenol content and antioxidant capacity of propolis. Biol Trace Elem Res 2014; 160:123-31. [PMID: 24913100 PMCID: PMC4065375 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-014-0019-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2014] [Accepted: 05/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
It has been demonstrated that zinc exerts its beneficial influence on skin fibroblasts. Propolis, a complex mixture of plant-derived and bees' products, was reported to stimulate cicatrization processes in skin and prevent infections. The aim of this study was to find out how zinc and propolis influence human skin fibroblasts in cell culture and to compare the effect of individual compounds to the effect of a mixture of zinc and propolis. In this study, zinc, as zinc aspartate, at a concentration of 16 μM, increased human fibroblasts proliferation in cell culture, whereas propolis at a concentration of 0.01% (w/v) revealed antiproliferative and cytotoxic action followed by mild cell necrosis. In culture, zinc was effectively transported into fibroblasts, and propolis inhibited the amount of zinc incorporated into the cells. An addition of propolis to the medium caused a decrease in the Zn(II) amount incorporated into fibroblasts. The obtained results also indicate an appreciable antioxidant property of propolis and revealed its potential as a supplement when applied at doses lower than 0.01% (w/v). In conclusion, the present study showed that zinc had a protective effect on human cultured fibroblasts' viability, although propolis revealed its antiproliferative action and caused mild necrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Małgorzata Tyszka-Czochara
- Department of Radioligands, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688, Kraków, Poland,
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Tang QQ, Su SY, Fang MY. Zinc supplement modulates oxidative stress and antioxidant values in rats with severe acute pancreatitis. Biol Trace Elem Res 2014; 159:320-4. [PMID: 24771310 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-014-9971-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2014] [Accepted: 04/08/2014] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative stress is a main factor in the pathogenesis of severe acute pancreatitis (SAP). The ability of zinc (Zn) to retard oxidative processes has been recognized for many years. This study aims to examine the levels of free oxygen radicals and antioxidant enzyme in SAP rats and know the effect of Zn supplementation on free oxygen radicals and antioxidant system in rats with SAP. Forty-five male Wistar rats were divided into three groups-the SAP group (n=15), the Zn-treated group (n=15), and the controlled group (n=15). For the SAP group, sodium taurocholate is injected into the pancreatic duct to induce SAP; for the Zn-treated group, Zn (5 mg/kg) is subcutaneously injected immediately after injection of 5% sodium taurocholate. Firstly, the activity of erythrocyte glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), erythrocyte superoxide dismutase (SOD), and the content of plasma malondialdehyde (MDA), which are the toxic products of oxidative stress, is measured. Secondly, the levels of free oxygen radicals in the liver and kidney are detected. The result showed that the activity of GSH-Px and SOD was lower in the SAP group than that in the controlled group, although the content of plasma MDA increased. However, the activity of SOD and GSH-Px in the Zn-treated group was not significantly decreased after comparing with the controlled group; in the mean time, the content of MDA was not significantly increased either. Moreover, the content of free radical in liver and kidney was higher in the SAP group compared with the controlled group, but the content of free radical in the Zn-treated group was not higher than that in the controlled group (p>0.05). All of the above indicated that Zn may recover the activity of free radical-scavenging enzymes and decrease the content of free radical for the SAP group rats. In conclusion, the content of free radical increase may be one of the reasons that SAP rats are injured, and it is possible for Zn to be used to treat SAP through scavenging free radical and increasing the activity of SOD and GSH-Px of erythrocyte.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin-qing Tang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China, 230022
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