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Mirabelli KM, Schultz BK, Schoemann AM, Bell SR, Lazorick S. Psychometric Properties of a Wellness Behavior Rating Scale for Young Adolescents. Eval Health Prof 2024:1632787241263372. [PMID: 39030071 DOI: 10.1177/01632787241263372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/21/2024]
Abstract
We examined the psychometric properties of the Physical Activity, Nutrition, and Technology (PANT) survey, developed by researchers to track weight management behaviors among youth. Data from 2,039 middle school students (M age = 12.4, SD = .5; 51.4% girls) were analyzed to explore and then confirm the factor structure of the PANT survey. We also examined the bivariate associations between the PANT survey, body mass index (BMI), and the Progressive Aerobic Cardiorespiratory Endurance Run (PACER). Results suggest that the PANT survey is comprised of two factors-Physical Activity and Healthy Choices-each with adequate internal consistency (α = .79 and 0.86, respectively). The Physical Activity subscale appears to be significantly associated with both z-BMI (r = -0.10, p < .001) and the PACER (r = 0.33, p < .001) in the anticipated directions, but the criterion validity of the Healthy Choices subscale is less clear. We discuss these findings and explore future directions for developing meaningful self-report wellness behavior scales for youth.
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Webb J, Mach K, Gooch T, Reddy A, Anderson M, Scott J, Checketts J, Walker L, Hartwell M. Use of person-centered language in obesity-related publications across sports medicine journals: a systematic review of adherence to person-centered language guidelines in sports medicine. J Osteopath Med 2024; 124:307-314. [PMID: 38332743 DOI: 10.1515/jom-2023-0254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
CONTEXT Stigmatizing language or non-person-centered language (non-PCL) has been shown to impact patients negatively, especially in the case of obesity. This has led many associations, such as the American Medical Association (AMA) and the International Committee of Medical Journal Editors (ICMJE), to enact guidelines prohibiting the use of stigmatizing language in medical research. In 2018, the AMA adopted person-centered language (PCL) guidelines, including a specific obesity amendment to which all researchers should adhere. However, little research has been conducted to determine if these guidelines are being followed. OBJECTIVES Our primary objective was to determine if PCL guidelines specific to obesity have been properly followed in the sports medicine journals that are interacted with most frequently. METHODS We searched within PubMed for obesity-related articles between 2019 and 2022 published in the top 10 most-interacted sports medicine journals based on Google Metrics data. A predetermined list of stigmatizing and non-PCL terms/language was searched within each article. RESULTS A total of 198 articles were sampled, of which 58.6 % were found to be not compliant with PCL guidelines. The most common non-PCL terms were "obese" utilized in 49.5 % of articles, followed by "overweight" as the next most common stigmatizing term at 40.4 %. Stigmatizing labels such as "heavy, heavier, heaviness," "fat" as an adjective, and "morbid" appeared in articles but at a lower rate. CONCLUSIONS Our study shows that there is a severe lack of adherence to PCL guidelines in the most-interacted sports medicine journals. Negative associations between stigmatizing language and individuals with obesity will only persist if a greater effort is not made to change this. All journals, including the most prestigious ones, should adopt and execute PCL guidelines to prevent the spread of demeaning language in the medical community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason Webb
- Office of Medical Student Research, Oklahoma State University Center for Health Sciences, Tulsa, OK, USA
- Office of Medical Student Research, Oklahoma State University College of Osteopathic Medicine at the Cherokee Nation, Tahlequah, OK, USA
| | - Kaylee Mach
- Office of Medical Student Research, Oklahoma State University Center for Health Sciences, Tulsa, OK, USA
- Office of Medical Student Research, Oklahoma State University College of Osteopathic Medicine at the Cherokee Nation, Tahlequah, OK, USA
| | - Trey Gooch
- Office of Medical Student Research, Oklahoma State University Center for Health Sciences, Tulsa, OK, USA
- Office of Medical Student Research, Oklahoma State University College of Osteopathic Medicine at the Cherokee Nation, Tahlequah, OK, USA
| | - Arjun Reddy
- Office of Medical Student Research, Oklahoma State University Center for Health Sciences, Tulsa, OK, USA
| | - Michael Anderson
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Oklahoma State University Medical Center, Tulsa, OK, USA
| | - Jeremy Scott
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Oklahoma State University Medical Center, Tulsa, OK, USA
| | - Jake Checketts
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Oklahoma State University Medical Center, Tulsa, OK, USA
| | - Lance Walker
- Department of Physical Therapy, Oklahoma State University Center for Health Sciences, Tulsa, OK, USA
| | - Micah Hartwell
- Office of Medical Student Research, Oklahoma State University Center for Health Sciences, Tulsa, OK, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Oklahoma State University Center for Health Sciences, Tulsa, OK, USA
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Demir Kösem D, Demir Ş, Bektaş M. The effect of middle and high school students' emotional eating behavior on obesity. J Pediatr Nurs 2024; 77:e257-e262. [PMID: 38658305 DOI: 10.1016/j.pedn.2024.04.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Revised: 03/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
AIM This study was conducted to determine the effect of middle and high school students' emotional eating behavior on obesity. METHOD A descriptive, correlational, and cross-sectional study design was used. The sample consisted of 267 students studying in 5th, 6th, 7th, 8th, 9th, 10th, 11th, and 12th grades. Data were collected using a Child Information Form and the Emotional Eating Scale. The researchers measured the students' height and weight and calculated their body mass indices (BMI), and BMI percentiles were evaluated according to age and gender. Percentage calculations, mean scores, Spearman correlation analysis, Pearson's correlation analysis, and multiple regression analysis were used in the analysis of the data. RESULTS Of the students participating in the study, 54.7% were girl and 45.3% were boy. It was determined that 28.4% of the students were overweight and obese. As a result of multiple regression analysis, it was determined that students' emotional eating behavior explained 25% of obesity (p < 0.001). It was found that anxiety-anger- frustration, one of the subscales of the emotional eating scale, was the only variable that significantly predicted students' obesity status (β = 0.387). Emotional eating significantly predicted the obesity status of boy and girl students (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION In this study, it was concluded that students' emotional eating behavior affected obesity. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE In line with these results, it is recommended that studies on other variables that may predict the effect of students' emotional eating behavior on obesity should be conducted and that nurses should contact schools to conduct emotional eating behavior screenings and provide emotional eating education for students who exhibit emotional eating behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dilek Demir Kösem
- Hakkari University Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Nursing, Hakkari, Turkey.
| | - Şenay Demir
- Selcuk University Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation, Selcuklu, Konya, Turkey.
| | - Murat Bektaş
- Dokuz Eylul University Faculty of Nursing, Inciraltı, Izmir, Turkey.
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Jakobsen DD, Järvholm K, Brader L, Bruun JM. Long-term changes in eating-related problems and quality of life in children with overweight and obesity attending a 10-week lifestyle camp. Obes Res Clin Pract 2024; 18:209-215. [PMID: 38705820 DOI: 10.1016/j.orcp.2024.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Eating-related problems (e.g., binge eating (BE)) and impaired quality of life (QoL) is more prevalent in children with overweight and obesity. This study aimed to investigate changes in self-reported overeating (OE), BE, and QoL in children with overweight or obesity attending multicomponent 10-week lifestyle camps with a 52-weeks follow-up. Additionally, the study sought to investigate whether self-reported OE/BE before camp was associated with changes in QoL. METHODS Children aged 7 to 14-years could attend camp if they had overweight/obesity, were lonely, unhappy, or had social or family-related problems. In this study only children with overweight and obesity were included (n:185). OE, BE, and QoL were measured using self-reported questionnaires. RESULTS In total, 38 % of the children reported regular BE at baseline. Regular OE, occasional BE, and occasional OE was reported by 14 %, 13 %, and 11 %, respectively, while 24 % reported no eating-related problems. The relative risk of experiencing eating-related problems decreased at 10-weeks compared to baseline. Additionally, the probability of regular OE (RR 0.12 (95 % CI 0.04;0.38) (X2 = 8.44, p = 0.004)) and regular BE (RR 0.01 (95 % CI 0.00;0.11) (X2 = 9.91, p = 0.002)) remained lower at 52-weeks relative to baseline. All QoL dimensions improved after camp, and the presence of self-reported OE and regular BE at baseline was significantly associated with lower QoL at baseline, 10 and 52-weeks. CONCLUSION Children self-reporting OE and BE may be a particular vulnerable group that needs more support from camp staff and healthcare professionals to improve QoL. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION clinicaltrials.gov with ID: NCT04522921.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorthe Dalstrup Jakobsen
- Steno Diabetes Center Aarhus, Aarhus University Hospital, 8200 Aarhus N., Denmark; Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, 8200 Aarhus N., Denmark; Danish National Center for Obesity, 8200 Aarhus N., Denmark.
| | - Kajsa Järvholm
- Department of Psychology, Lund University, 223 62 Lund, Sweden
| | - Lea Brader
- Global Nutrition, Arla Foods amba, 8200 Aarhus N., Denmark
| | - Jens Meldgaard Bruun
- Steno Diabetes Center Aarhus, Aarhus University Hospital, 8200 Aarhus N., Denmark; Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, 8200 Aarhus N., Denmark; Danish National Center for Obesity, 8200 Aarhus N., Denmark
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Patil R, Aswar U, Vyas N. Pterostilbene alleviates cafeteria diet-induced obesity and underlying depression in adolescent male Swiss albino mice and affects insulin resistance, inflammation, HPA axis dysfunction and SIRT1 mediated leptin-ghrelin signaling. Horm Behav 2024; 161:105504. [PMID: 38354494 DOI: 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2024.105504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
Cafeteria diet (CD) model for in-vivo studies mimics the western diet having imbalanced nutritional value, high caloric-density and palatability. Uncontrolled eating leads to the development of childhood obesity, poor self-esteem and depression due to its effects on brain development. Herbal supplements are novel inclusion in the management of obesity and mental well-being. Pterostilbene (PTE) found in blueberries and Pterocarpus marsupium heartwood, is known to prevent obesity in invivo models. Adolescent Swiss albino male mice were fed on CD for 70 days and the development of obesity was assessed by gain in body weight, abdominal circumference. Forced swim and tail suspension test confirmed depression in CD fed mice. Obesity induced depressed (OID) mice were treated with PTE (10, 20, 40 mg/kg), standard antiobesity drug cetilistat (10 mg/kg), antidepressant fluoxetine (10 mg/kg) for 28 days. Post treatment, PTE-treated mice showed reduction in BW and depression-like behavior analysed using paradigms such as sucrose preference, open field, marble burying, and resident intruder test in comparison to the CD group. Insulin resistance, lipid profile, antioxidant enzyme, inflammatory cytokines (NF-κB, IL-6, TNF α) and cortisol levels were mitigated by PTE. It also restored normal cellular architecture of the brain and adipose tissue and increased the Silent mating type information regulation 2 homolog1 (SIRT1), leptin and ghrelin receptors gene expression in the brain. Thus, it can be concluded that PTE might have inhibited OID like behavior in mice via inhibition of IR, modulating neuroinflammation and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis dysfunction and upregulating SIRT1 mediated leptin-ghrelin signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rashmi Patil
- Poona College of Pharmacy, Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed to Be) University, Pune, Maharashtra 411038, India
| | - Urmila Aswar
- Poona College of Pharmacy, Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed to Be) University, Pune, Maharashtra 411038, India.
| | - Nishant Vyas
- Logical Life Sciences Private Limited, Pune, India
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Ciężki S, Odyjewska E, Bossowski A, Głowińska-Olszewska B. Not Only Metabolic Complications of Childhood Obesity. Nutrients 2024; 16:539. [PMID: 38398863 PMCID: PMC10892374 DOI: 10.3390/nu16040539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Revised: 02/11/2024] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The increasing incidence of obesity in the pediatric population requires attention to its serious complications. It turns out that in addition to typical, well-known metabolic complications, obesity as a systemic disease carries the risk of equally serious, although less obvious, non-metabolic complications, such as cardiovascular diseases, polycystic ovary syndrome, chronic kidney disease, asthma, thyroid dysfunction, immunologic and dermatologic conditions, and mental health problems. They can affect almost all systems of the young body and also leave their mark in adulthood. In addition, obesity also contributes to the exacerbation of existing childhood diseases. As a result, children suffering from obesity may have a reduced quality of life, both physically and mentally, and their life expectancy may be shortened. It also turns out that, in the case of obese pregnant girls, the complications of obesity may also affect their unborn children. Therefore, it is extremely important to take all necessary actions to prevent the growing epidemic of obesity in the pediatric population, as well as to treat existing complications of obesity and detect them at an early stage. In summary, physicians treating a child with a systemic disease such as obesity must adopt a holistic approach to treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Ciężki
- Department of Pediatrics, Endocrinology, and Diabetology with Cardiology Division, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-274 Białystok, Poland
| | - Emilia Odyjewska
- Department of Pediatrics, Endocrinology, and Diabetology with Cardiology Division, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-274 Białystok, Poland
| | - Artur Bossowski
- Department of Pediatrics, Endocrinology, and Diabetology with Cardiology Division, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-274 Białystok, Poland
| | - Barbara Głowińska-Olszewska
- Department of Pediatrics, Endocrinology, and Diabetology with Cardiology Division, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-274 Białystok, Poland
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Banany M, Kang M, Gebel K, Sibbritt D. A systematic review of school-based weight-related interventions in the Gulf Cooperation Council countries. Syst Rev 2024; 13:66. [PMID: 38355590 PMCID: PMC10865693 DOI: 10.1186/s13643-024-02475-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prevalence of childhood overweight and obesity has increased at alarming levels in the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries (Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirates (UAE), Kuwait, Bahrain, Oman, and Qatar). Weight-related interventions are urgently required in these countries to tackle childhood overweight and obesity and their-related consequences. To date, no systematic review has synthesised school-based weight-related interventions in the six GCC countries. This study aims to systematically review school-based, weight-related interventions conducted in the GCC countries, investigating the intervention characteristics, components, and outcomes. METHODS Medline, Scopus, and ProQuest databases were searched for peer-reviewed literature published in English without date restriction and Google Scholar for grey literature using combined Medical Subject Heading (MeSH) terms and keywords under five relevant concepts including population, setting, interventions, outcomes, and geographical location. Following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA), records were identified, screened for eligibility, and included in this review. Using the Effective Public Health Practice Project tool, the methodological quality of the included studies was assessed independently by two authors. RESULTS Out of 1303 initially identified records, eight peer-reviewed articles and three doctoral theses were included in this review. The age of the students in the included studies ranged between 5 to 19 years, and the sample sizes between 28 and 3,967 students. The studies included between one and thirty public and private schools. Of the included studies, six were randomised controlled trials, four pre-post studies and one used a post-study design. Only four of the eleven studies were theory based. The included studies reported various improvements in the students' weight or weight-related lifestyle behaviours, such as healthier dietary choices, increased physical activity, and decreased sedentary behaviour. CONCLUSIONS This review suggests the potential effectiveness of school-based interventions in the GCC countries. However, a thorough evaluation of these studies revealed significant methodological limitations that must be acknowledged in interpreting these results. Future studies in this field should be theory-based and use more rigorous evaluation methods. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION PROSPERO registration number: CRD42020156535.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Banany
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Health, University of Technology Sydney, City Campus, PO Box 123, Broadway, NSW, 2007, Australia.
| | - Melissa Kang
- Westmead Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Klaus Gebel
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Health, University of Technology Sydney, City Campus, PO Box 123, Broadway, NSW, 2007, Australia
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - David Sibbritt
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Health, University of Technology Sydney, City Campus, PO Box 123, Broadway, NSW, 2007, Australia
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Yun JS, Lee GI, Kim BR. Association of Basic Psychological Need Fulfillment and School Happiness with Obesity Levels and Intensity of Physical Activity during Physical Education Classes in South Korean Adolescents. Healthcare (Basel) 2023; 12:40. [PMID: 38200946 PMCID: PMC10778906 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare12010040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
This study examined the relationship between basic psychological need fulfillment (BPNF) and school happiness in relation to the intensity of physical activity exhibited by adolescents during physical education (PE) classes and their obesity levels. We measured BPNF and school happiness using a questionnaire administered to 600 junior high school students. After exclusion, 532 questionnaires were analyzed. A 3D accelerometer (GT3X model) from Actigraph and the body mass index were used to measure physical activity intensity and obesity, respectively. The findings of this study indicate that BPNF and school happiness were significantly associated with physical activity intensity. Specifically, students who engaged in high-intensity physical activity exhibited higher levels of BPNF and school happiness. Additionally, BPNF and school happiness were not significantly related to obesity, whereas a significant relationship was observed between BPNF, school happiness, and the interaction between physical activity intensity and obesity level. This finding implies that adolescents with higher physical activity intensity and lower obesity reported higher levels of BPNF and school happiness. These findings suggest that physical activity intensity during PE classes significantly influences emotional development. Therefore, incorporating moderate-to-vigorous physical activity into PE may serve as a strategy for promoting emotional development in adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ju-Seok Yun
- Department of Physical Education, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea;
| | - Gyu-Il Lee
- Department of Physical Education, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea;
| | - Bo-Ram Kim
- Department of Physical Education, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea;
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Kim NY, Suh S, Kim J, Son K, Woo S, Kim J, Park KH, Lim H. Validating the Dutch Eating Behavior Questionnaire for Children (DEBQ-C) among Korean children and adolescents with high weight. J Eat Disord 2023; 11:177. [PMID: 37803454 PMCID: PMC10557218 DOI: 10.1186/s40337-023-00894-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Using reliable measurement tools is becoming increasingly important as the prevalence of obesity among children increases in Korea. The Dutch Eating Behavior Questionnaire for Children (DEBQ-C) measures three eating behaviors associated with overeating. This study aims to validate the DEBQ-C for use among Korean children and adolescents with high body weight. It examines the psychometric features of the Korean translation of the DEBQ-C and investigates the relationship between the subscale scores of the DEBQ-C and the weight status of participants (categorized into overweight, obese, and morbidly obese). METHODS A total of 233 children and adolescents (mean age: 11.4 ± 1.6 years) completed the questionnaire. The study verified the factor structure of the DEBQ-C using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and estimated its internal consistency with Cronbach's alpha. For convergent validity, it employed Pearson's correlation coefficient to assess relationships between the three eating behaviors of the DEBQ-C and the number of food addiction symptoms of the Yale Food Addiction Scale for Children (YFAS-C). Lastly, it examined the relationship between DEBQ-C scores and weight status via multinomial logistic regression analysis. RESULTS The three-factor model demonstrated goodness-of-fit (χ2 = 253, df = 167, χ2/df = 1.515, p < 0.001, CFI = 0.944; TLI = 0.937; RMSEA = 0.047). The internal consistency of the three eating behaviors was also satisfactory (Cronbach's alpha = 0.707-0.890). The emotional and external eating subscales of the DEBQ-C were positively correlated with the number of symptoms of food addiction of the YFAS-C. Emotional (OR: 2.008; 95% CI 1.973-2.043) and external (OR: 2.074; 95% CI 2.029-2.119) eating were positively associated with obesity status. CONCLUSION The results suggest that the Korean version of the DEBQ-C is suitable for the examination of problematic eating behaviors in Korean children and adolescents with high body weight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Young Kim
- Department of Medical Nutrition, Graduate School of East-West Medical Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, 17104, Korea
| | - Sooyeon Suh
- Department of Psychology, Sungshin Women's University, Seoul, 02844, Korea
| | - Jieun Kim
- Department of Medical Nutrition, Graduate School of East-West Medical Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, 17104, Korea
| | - Kumhee Son
- Department of Medical Nutrition, Graduate School of East-West Medical Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, 17104, Korea
- Research Institute of Medical Nutrition, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Korea
| | - Sarah Woo
- Department of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon-Si, 24252, Korea
| | - Jia Kim
- Department of Clinical Psychology, National Mental Health Center, Seoul, 04933, Korea
| | - Kyung Hee Park
- Department of Family Medicine, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Anyang, 14068, Korea.
| | - Hyunjung Lim
- Department of Medical Nutrition, Graduate School of East-West Medical Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, 17104, Korea.
- Research Institute of Medical Nutrition, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Korea.
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Zare Z, Hajizadeh E, Mahmoodi M, Nazari R, Shahmoradi L, Rezayi S. Smartphone-based application to control and prevent overweight and obesity in children: design and evaluation. BMC Med Inform Decis Mak 2023; 23:201. [PMID: 37794423 PMCID: PMC10548714 DOI: 10.1186/s12911-023-02304-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity is a multifaceted condition that impacts individuals across various age, racial, and socioeconomic demographics, hence rendering them susceptible to a range of health complications and an increased risk of premature mortality. The frequency of obesity among adolescent females in Iran has exhibited an increase from 6 to 9%, while among boys, it has risen from 2 to 7%. Due to the increasing prevalence and advancements in technology, the primary objective of this study was to develop and evaluate a smartphone-based app that would serve as an educational tool for parents about the matter of childhood overweight and obesity. Additionally, the app aimed to enhance parents' capacity to effectively address and manage their children's weight-related concerns. METHODS The design of the present study is of an applied-developmental type. In the first phase, the content of related smartphone-based app was determined based on the needs identified in similar studies and the findings of a researcher-made questionnaire. The versions of the app were designed in the android studio 3 programming environment, using the Java 8 programming language and SQLite database. Then, in order to evaluate the app's usability, ease of access, and different features, the standard usability evaluation questionnaire and the user satisfaction questionnaire (QUIS) were completed by the users. RESULTS The developed app has five main sections: the main page, recommendation section (with eight parts), charts over the time, child psychology, and reminders for each user. The designed app was given to 20 people including nutritionists and parents with children under 18 years of age for conducting usability evaluation. According to the scores of participants about the usability evaluation of the app, it can be concluded that groups participating in the study could use the program, and they rated the app at a "good" level. Overall performance of the app, screen capabilities, terms and information of the program, learnability, and general features are scored higher than 7.5 out of 9. CONCLUSION By using this app, people can become familiar with the causes and symptoms of weight imbalance and manage their weight as best as possible. This app can be considered as a model for designing and creating similar broader systems and programs for the prevention, management, treatment and care of diseases, which aim to help control diseases as much as possible and increase the quality of life and reduce complications for be patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Zare
- Department of Operating Room, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Elmira Hajizadeh
- Department of Health Information Management and Medical Informatics, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Mahmoodi
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Nazari
- Department of Health Information Management and Medical Informatics, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran, Iran
| | - Leila Shahmoradi
- Department of Health Information Management and Medical Informatics, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran, Iran.
| | - Sorayya Rezayi
- Department of Health Information Management and Medical Informatics, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran, Iran.
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Lyu J, Wan Z, Liu Z, Zhou S, Feng X, Gao A, Lin Y, Zhang F, Wang H. Effect of a Multifaceted Intervention on Children's Body Image and the Mediating Role of Body Image in Changes in Adiposity Indicators. Nutrients 2023; 15:3951. [PMID: 37764735 PMCID: PMC10534561 DOI: 10.3390/nu15183951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Besides genetic factors and energy-related behaviors, psycho-cultural factors are also important in obesity etiology. Previous studies have suggested that improving body image might be an effective method for managing body weight. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the effects of a multifaceted intervention on the body image of children and explore whether body image played a mediating role in changes in adiposity indicators. This study was embedded in a cluster randomized controlled trial, involving 1287 children from 24 primary schools in three cities in China (Beijing, Changzhi and Urumqi). The 9-month multifaceted intervention on childhood obesity included five components (three targeted children and two targeted environments), and randomization was performed by an independent person who was blinded to the schools. Two indicators (body size perception and body size expectation) were chosen to characterize body image and were measured by Ma figural stimuli at baseline and the end of the trial. Changes in body image indicators were classified as conducive to weight loss or not. Other anthropometric measures and self-reported behaviors were also collected at both time points. Generalized linear mixed models were used in the analyses. Compared to the controls (n = 648), the proportion of body size perception conducive to weight loss increased in the intervention group (n = 639), with an odds ratio of 2.42 (95%CI: 1.70~3.45, p < 0.001). The proportion of body size expectation conducive to weight loss also increased more in the intervention group than in the controls (OR = 1.74, 95%CI: 1.14~2.66, p = 0.010). In children whose baseline nutritional status was "normal weight with higher BMI" or "overweight/obese", the improvements in body size perception and body size expectation partly mediated the association between the intervention and changes in BMI, BMI Z score, waist circumference and body fat percentage (p < 0.05). This multifaceted study effectively improved the body image of children, which, in turn, led to beneficial changes in adiposity indicators. For the first time, body size perception and body size expectation have been confirmed to be important factors associated with the beneficial effect of a childhood obesity intervention, suggesting that body image components should be generalized in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinlang Lyu
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, Beijing 046000, China; (J.L.); (Z.W.); (Z.L.); (S.Z.)
- Peking University Health Science Center-Weifang Joint Research Center for Maternal and Child Health, Weifang 261000, China
| | - Zhongshang Wan
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, Beijing 046000, China; (J.L.); (Z.W.); (Z.L.); (S.Z.)
| | - Zheng Liu
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, Beijing 046000, China; (J.L.); (Z.W.); (Z.L.); (S.Z.)
| | - Shuang Zhou
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, Beijing 046000, China; (J.L.); (Z.W.); (Z.L.); (S.Z.)
| | | | - Aiyu Gao
- Dongcheng Primary and Secondary School Health Care Center, Beijing 236499, China;
| | - Yi Lin
- Urumqi Primary and Secondary School Health Care Center, Urumqi 830003, China
| | - Fang Zhang
- Mentougou Primary and Secondary School Health Care Center, Beijing 102300, China;
| | - Haijun Wang
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, Beijing 046000, China; (J.L.); (Z.W.); (Z.L.); (S.Z.)
- Peking University Health Science Center-Weifang Joint Research Center for Maternal and Child Health, Weifang 261000, China
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12
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Monserrat-Mesquida M, Ródenas-Munar M, Gómez SF, Wärnberg J, Medrano M, González-Gross M, Gusi N, Aznar S, Marín-Cascales E, González-Valeiro MA, Serra-Majem L, Pulgar S, Segu M, Fitó M, Según G, Benavente-Marín JC, Labayen I, Zapico AG, Sánchez-Gómez J, Jiménez-Zazo F, Alcaraz PE, Sevilla-Sánchez M, Herrera-Ramos E, Schröder H, Tur JA, Bouzas C. Parents' Diet Quality and Physical Activity Are Associated with Lifestyle in Spanish Children and Adolescents: The PASOS Study. Nutrients 2023; 15:3617. [PMID: 37630807 PMCID: PMC10459595 DOI: 10.3390/nu15163617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Non-communicable chronic diseases are associated with a low-quality diet, low physical activity, and sedentary behavior. OBJECTIVE To assess how parents' diet and physical activity habits were associated with their offsprings' lifestyles. STUDY DESIGN A cross-sectional analysis of 8-16-year-old children and adolescents (n = 2539; 51.9% girls) was carried out within the frame of the first edition of the Physical Activity, Sedentarism, Lifestyles, and Obesity in Spanish Youth study (PASOS-2019). Data on adherence to the Mediterranean Diet (MedDiet), daily moderate-vigorous physical activity (MVPA), and screen time per day (television, computer, video games, and mobile phone) were collected from children and adolescents, and data on parents' diet quality and physical activity were compiled. Logistic regression models were used to assess the association between parents' lifestyles and those of children and adolescents. RESULTS High diet quality of parents was associated with higher adherence to the MedDiet of children and adolescents, as well as high consumption of fruit, vegetables, fish, nuts, and legumes. The high physical activity level of parents was associated with the low consumption of fast foods, sweets, and candies in children and adolescents. Children with high levels of physical activity were those whose parents showed better diet quality and physical activity levels. CONCLUSIONS Parents' high diet quality and physical activity were associated with healthy lifestyles, higher adherence to the MedDiet, and physical activity of their offspring, mainly in adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margalida Monserrat-Mesquida
- Research Group on Community Nutrition and Oxidative Stress, University of Balearic Islands-IUNICS & IDISBA, 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands, 07120 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Marina Ródenas-Munar
- Research Group on Community Nutrition and Oxidative Stress, University of Balearic Islands-IUNICS & IDISBA, 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands, 07120 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Santiago F. Gómez
- Gasol Foundation Europe, 08830 Sant Boi de Llobregat, Spain
- GREpS, Health Education Research Group, Nursing and Physiotherapy Department, University of Lleida, 25003 Lleida, Spain
| | - Julia Wärnberg
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Epi-Phaan Research Group, Institute of Biomedical Research of Malaga (IBIMA), Universidad de Málaga, 29016 Málaga, Spain
| | - María Medrano
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- ELIKOS Group, Institute for Sustainability and Food Chain Innovation (IS-FOOD), Department of Health Sciences, Public University of Navarre, 31006 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Marcela González-Gross
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- ImFINE Research Group, Department of Health and Human Performance, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Narcís Gusi
- Physical Activity and Quality of Life Research Group (AFYCAV), Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Extremadura, 06006 Cáceres, Spain
| | - Susana Aznar
- PAFS Research Group, Faculty of Sports Sciences, University of Castilla-La Mancha-Toledo Campus, 45004 Toledo, Spain (F.J.-Z.)
| | - Elena Marín-Cascales
- UCAM Research Center for High Performance Sport, Universidad Católica de Murcia, 30107 Murcia, Spain
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Universidad Católica de Murcia, 30107 Murcia, Spain
| | | | - Lluís Serra-Majem
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences (IUIBS), University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35001 Las Palmas, Spain
- Preventive Medicine Service, Centro Hospitalario Universitario Insular Materno Infantil (CHUIMI), Canarian Health Service, 35016 Las Palmas, Spain
| | - Susana Pulgar
- Regional Unit of Sports Medicine of Principado de Asturias, Municipal Sports Foundation of Avilés, 33402 Avilés, Spain;
| | - Marta Segu
- FC Barcelona Foundation, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Montse Fitó
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Cardiovascular Risk and Nutrition Research Group (CARIN), Hospital del Mar Institute for Medical Research, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Genís Según
- Gasol Foundation Europe, 08830 Sant Boi de Llobregat, Spain
- University of Lleida, 25003 Lleida, Spain
| | - Juan Carlos Benavente-Marín
- Epi-Phaan Research Group, Institute of Biomedical Research of Malaga (IBIMA), Universidad de Málaga, 29016 Málaga, Spain
| | - Idoia Labayen
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- ELIKOS Group, Institute for Sustainability and Food Chain Innovation (IS-FOOD), Department of Health Sciences, Public University of Navarre, 31006 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Augusto G. Zapico
- ImFINE Research Group, Department of Health and Human Performance, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Didactics of Language, Arts and Physical Education, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Jesús Sánchez-Gómez
- Physical Activity and Quality of Life Research Group (AFYCAV), Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Extremadura, 06006 Cáceres, Spain
| | - Fabio Jiménez-Zazo
- PAFS Research Group, Faculty of Sports Sciences, University of Castilla-La Mancha-Toledo Campus, 45004 Toledo, Spain (F.J.-Z.)
| | - Pedro E. Alcaraz
- UCAM Research Center for High Performance Sport, Universidad Católica de Murcia, 30107 Murcia, Spain
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Universidad Católica de Murcia, 30107 Murcia, Spain
| | - Marta Sevilla-Sánchez
- Faculty of Sports Sciences and Physical Education, Universidade da Coruña, 15701 A Coruña, Spain
| | - Estefanía Herrera-Ramos
- Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences (IUIBS), University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35001 Las Palmas, Spain
| | - Helmut Schröder
- Cardiovascular Risk and Nutrition Research Group (CARIN), Hospital del Mar Institute for Medical Research, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Josep A. Tur
- Research Group on Community Nutrition and Oxidative Stress, University of Balearic Islands-IUNICS & IDISBA, 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands, 07120 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Cristina Bouzas
- Research Group on Community Nutrition and Oxidative Stress, University of Balearic Islands-IUNICS & IDISBA, 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands, 07120 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
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Ma J, McGlade EC, Huber RS, Lyoo IK, Renshaw PF, Yurgelun-Todd DA. Overweight/Obesity-related microstructural alterations of the fimbria-fornix in the ABCD study: The role of aerobic physical activity. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0287682. [PMID: 37437033 PMCID: PMC10337868 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0287682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Childhood overweight/obesity has been associated with negative consequences related to brain function and may involve alterations in white matter pathways important for cognitive and emotional processing. Aerobic physical activity is a promising lifestyle factor that could restore white matter alterations. However, little is known about either regional white matter alterations in children with overweight/obesity or the effects of aerobic physical activity targeting the obesity-related brain alterations in children. Using a large-scale cross-sectional population-based dataset of US children aged 9 to 10 years (n = 8019), this study explored the associations between overweight/obesity and microstructure of limbic white matter tracts, and examined whether aerobic physical activity may reduce the overweight/obesity-related white matter alterations in children. The primary outcome measure was restriction spectrum imaging (RSI)-derived white matter microstructural integrity measures. The number of days in a week that children engaged in aerobic physical activity for at least 60 minutes per day was assessed. We found that females with overweight/obesity had lower measures of integrity of the fimbria-fornix, a major limbic-hippocampal white matter tract, than their lean peers, while this difference was not significant in males. We also found a positive relationship between the number of days of aerobic physical activity completed in a week and integrity measures of the fimbria-fornix in females with overweight/obesity. Our results provide cross-sectional evidence of sex-specific microstructural alteration in the fimbria-fornix in children with overweight/obesity and suggest that aerobic physical activity may play a role in reducing this alteration. Future work should examine the causal direction of the relationship between childhood overweight/obesity and brain alterations and evaluate potential interventions to validate the effects of aerobic physical activity on this relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiyoung Ma
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States of America
- Diagnostic Neuroimaging Laboratory, Huntsman Mental Health Institute, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States of America
| | - Erin C. McGlade
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States of America
- Diagnostic Neuroimaging Laboratory, Huntsman Mental Health Institute, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States of America
- George E. Wahlen Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, VA VISN 19 Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical Center, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States of America
| | - Rebekah S. Huber
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States of America
- Diagnostic Neuroimaging Laboratory, Huntsman Mental Health Institute, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States of America
| | - In Kyoon Lyoo
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States of America
- Diagnostic Neuroimaging Laboratory, Huntsman Mental Health Institute, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States of America
- Ewha Brain Institute, Ewha W. University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Perry F. Renshaw
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States of America
- Diagnostic Neuroimaging Laboratory, Huntsman Mental Health Institute, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States of America
- George E. Wahlen Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, VA VISN 19 Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical Center, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States of America
| | - Deborah A. Yurgelun-Todd
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States of America
- Diagnostic Neuroimaging Laboratory, Huntsman Mental Health Institute, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States of America
- George E. Wahlen Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, VA VISN 19 Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical Center, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States of America
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14
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Whitfield H, Hargreaves D, Nicholls D, Watt HC, Creese H. Risk factors of persistent adolescent thinness: findings from the UK Millennium Cohort Study. BMC Public Health 2023; 23:938. [PMID: 37226159 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-15850-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Thinness during adolescence can increase the risk of adverse health outcomes across the life-course and impede development. There is limited research examining the prevalence and determinants of persistent adolescent thinness in the United Kingdom (UK). We used longitudinal cohort data to investigate determinants of persistent adolescent thinness. METHODS We analyzed data from 7,740 participants in the UK Millennium Cohort Study at ages 9 months, 7, 11, 14 and 17 years. Persistent thinness was defined as thinness at ages 11, 14 and 17; thinness was defined as an age- and sex-adjusted Body Mass Index (BMI) of less than 18.5 kg/m2. In total, 4,036 participants, classified either as persistently thin or at a persistent healthy weight, were included in the analyses. Logistic regression analyses were conducted to examine associations between 16 risk factors and persistent adolescent thinness by sex. RESULTS The prevalence of persistent thinness among adolescents was 3.1% (n = 231). Among males (n = 115), persistent adolescent thinness was significantly associated with non-white ethnicity, low parental BMI, low birthweight, low breastfeeding duration, unintended pregnancy, and low maternal education. Among females (n = 116), persistent adolescent thinness was significantly associated with non-white ethnicity, low birthweight, low self-esteem, and low physical activity. However, after adjusting for all risk factors, only low maternal BMI (OR: 3.44; 95% CI:1.13, 10.5), low paternal BMI (OR: 22.2; 95% CI: 2.35, 209.6), unintended pregnancy (OR: 2.49; 95% CI: 1.11, 5.57) and low self-esteem (OR: 6.57; 95% CI: 1.46,29.7) remained significantly associated with persistent adolescent thinness among males. After adjustment for all risk factors, not reaching the recommended physical activity levels (OR: 4.22; 95% CI: 1.82, 9.75) remained significantly associated with persistent adolescent thinness among females. No appreciable associations were found between persistent adolescent thinness and sex, premature birth, smoking during pregnancy, income, maternal postnatal depression, mother-infant attachment or socio-emotional difficulties (p > 0.05). CONCLUSION Persistent adolescent thinness is not rare and appears to be associated with both physical and mental health factors, with some sex specific differences. Healthy weight initiatives should consider the full weight spectrum. Further research is required to understand thinness at a population level, including among those whose BMI changes during child and adolescent development.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Whitfield
- School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK.
| | - D Hargreaves
- School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - D Nicholls
- Department of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - H C Watt
- School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - H Creese
- School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
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15
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Uzun ME, Kara Ö, Şirin H, Kaymaz N. Examination of relationship factors between psychological resilience and social support in adolescent obesity. Arch Pediatr 2023:S0929-693X(23)00034-9. [PMID: 37061358 DOI: 10.1016/j.arcped.2023.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2022] [Revised: 11/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/12/2023] [Indexed: 04/17/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Childhood obesity is one of the most severe public health problems, and psychiatric conditions have been associated with obesity. In this study, we aimed to investigate psychological resilience and possible related factors in adolescents with obesity. METHOD The study included 90 adolescents with obesity and 100 healthy adolescents of similar age. Data were collected using a sociodemographic information form, the Child and Youth Resilience Measure-28 (CYRM-28), and the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support. Scale scores were compared by Pearson's correlation coefficient test with SPSS-23. Multiple linear regression was performed to describe the relationships between variables. RESULTS The adolescents participating in the study were similar in terms of age and gender. Psychological resilience and social support in the obesity group were lower than in the control group (p < 0.05). A negative relationship was found between body mass index (BMI) and resilience levels of adolescents with obesity, and a positive relationship was found between social support and resilience levels (p = 0.027 and p < 0.001, respectively). The perceived family and significant other social support subscale scores of adolescents in the obesity group were significantly lower than in the control group (p = 0.037 and p = 0.023, respectively). The most related variable with the CYRM-28 was the level of perceived social support: standardized β = 0.409; t(151) = 5.626; p < 0.001. CONCLUSION A higher BMI has a negative effect on psychological resilience, and family support tends to be lower in these cases. New studies are needed to clarify whether this result is one of the causes of obesity or one of its consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehmet Erdem Uzun
- Department of Child Psychiatry, University of Health Sciences, Bursa Yüksek İhtisas Training and Research Hospital, Bursa, Turkey.
| | - Özlem Kara
- Department of Child Endocrinology, University of Health Sciences, Bursa Yüksek İhtisas Training and Research Hospital, Bursa, Turkey
| | - Hande Şirin
- Department of Child Psychiatry, University of Health Sciences, Bursa Yüksek İhtisas Training and Research Hospital, Bursa, Turkey
| | - Nazan Kaymaz
- Department of Pediatrics, Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Çanakkale, Turkey
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Drysdale RE, Tadesse AW, Worku A, Berhane HY, Shinde S, Madzorera I, Sharma D, Fawzi WW. Burden and contributing factors to overweight and obesity in young adolescents in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. MATERNAL & CHILD NUTRITION 2023:e13479. [PMID: 37014175 DOI: 10.1111/mcn.13479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023]
Abstract
The prevalence of overweight/obesity in adolescents has increased globally, including in low- and middle-income countries. Early adolescence provides an opportunity to develop and encourage positive health and behavioural practices, yet it is an understudied age group with limited information to guide and inform appropriate interventions. This study aims to determine the prevalence of overweight/obesity in young adolescents, aged between 10 and 14 years attending public schools in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, and to explore the contributing factors. A cross-sectional school-based study was conducted. Adolescents completed individual questionnaires. Weight (kg) and height (m) measurements were converted to BMI-for-age and gender z-scores. Multivariate regression analysis was conducted to determine the associated factors. The overall prevalence of overweight/obesity was 8% among adolescents aged 10-14 years and it was significantly higher in females (13%) than males (2%). The diet quality for the majority of the adolescents was inadequate, putting them at risk for poor health outcomes. The contributors to overweight/obesity were different between males and females. Age and no access to a flush toilet were negatively associated with overweight/obesity in males and access to a computer, laptop or tablet was positively associated. In females, menarche was positively associated with overweight/obesity. Living with only their mother or another female adult and an increase in physical activity were negatively associated with overweight/obesity. There is a need to improve the diet quality of young adolescents in Ethiopia and understand the reasons why females are less physically active to limit the risk of poor diet-related health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roisin E Drysdale
- DSI-NRF Centre of Excellence in Human Development, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Amare W Tadesse
- Addis Continental Institute of Public Health, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
- Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Alemayehu Worku
- Addis Continental Institute of Public Health, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
- School of Public Health, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Hanna Y Berhane
- Addis Continental Institute of Public Health, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Sachin Shinde
- Department of Global Health and Population, T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Center for Inquiry into Mental Health, Pune, India
| | - Isabel Madzorera
- Department of Global Health and Population, T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Deepika Sharma
- Global Nutrition Cluster, UNICEF, New York City, New York, USA
| | - Wafaie W Fawzi
- Department of Global Health and Population, T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Nutrition, T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
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17
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Cardiovascular endurance and psychosocial health predict short- and long-term BMI-SDS reduction: results from the CHILT III program. Eur J Pediatr 2023; 182:2225-2234. [PMID: 36867234 PMCID: PMC9982786 DOI: 10.1007/s00431-023-04876-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/11/2023] [Indexed: 03/04/2023]
Abstract
This longitudinal study analyzes data from the Children's Health Interventional Trial (CHILT) III, an 11-month juvenile multicomponent weight management program. The objective is to identify predictors of changes in body mass index standard deviation scores (BMI-SDS), so as to further enable the advancement of existing interventions with sustained impact. This study's sample consists of 237 children and adolescents with obesity (8-17 years, 54% girls) participating in the CHILT III program between 2003 and 2021. Anthropometrics, demographics, relative cardiovascular endurance (W/kg), and psychosocial health (i.e., physical self-concept and self-worth) were assessed at program entry ([Formula: see text]), end ([Formula: see text]), and one-year follow-up ([Formula: see text]; n = 83). From [Formula: see text] to [Formula: see text], the mean BMI-SDS was reduced by -0.16 ± 0.26 units (p < 0.001). Media use and cardiovascular endurance at baseline and improvements in endurance and self-worth over the course of the program predicted changes in BMI-SDS (adj. R2 = 0.22, p < 0.001). From [Formula: see text] to [Formula: see text], mean BMI-SDS increased ([Formula: see text], p = 0.005). Changes in BMI-SDS from [Formula: see text] to [Formula: see text] were associated with parental education, improvements in cardiovascular endurance and physical self-concept, and BMI-SDS, media use, physical self-concept, and endurance level at program end (adj. R2 = 0.39, p < 0.001). Conclusions: This study highlights the need for comprehensive, sustainable weight management approaches, in order to sustain the initial treatment benefits. In this context, improvements in cardiovascular endurance and psychosocial health could be essential strategies to pursue in practice, as they significantly predicted reductions in BMI-SDS - both pre- to post-intervention and at follow-up. TRIAL REGISTRATION DRKS00026785; date of registration: 13.10.202, retrospectively registered. WHAT IS KNOWN • Childhood obesity is associated with the onset of noncommunicable diseases, many of which are likely to carry into adulthood. Thus, effective weight management strategies for affected children and their families are vital. However, achieving lasting positive health outcomes with multidisciplinary weight management programs remains challenging. WHAT IS NEW • According to this study, short- and longer-term BMI-SDS reductions are associated to cardiovascular endurance and psychosocial health. These factors should therefore be given even greater consideration in weight management strategies, as they may be important not only in themselves but also for long-term weight loss (maintenance).
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18
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Beynon C. Association between children living with obesity and Mental Health problems: a data analysis of the Welsh Health Survey, UK. BMC Public Health 2023; 23:383. [PMID: 36823604 PMCID: PMC9947886 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-15293-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity and mental health problems in children are both significant and growing public health issues. There is mixed evidence on the relationship between obesity and mental health in children. This study examines the association between obesity and mental health problems in a nationally representative sample of children using the Welsh Health Survey for Children (n = 11,279 aged 4-15 years). METHODS The Chi-square test assessed the difference in the proportion of children reporting abnormal mental health scores (strengths and difficulties score ≥ 20) in children living with obesity (≥ 95 centile for age and sex). Then, a multivarible logistic regression was used to assess any association after accounting for confounding variables. RESULTS There were 1,582 children living with obesity in the study (19.6%). The Chi-square test indicated a significant difference in the proportion of children with abnormal mental health scores in children living with obesity (p = 0.001). This study found a very small but significant positive association between mental health and childhood obesity after accounting for confounding variables, Odds Ratio 1.02 (95%CI: 1.01 to 1.02, p = 0.001). However, socio-economic status was more of a driver. CONCLUSION The findings of this study show a very small but significant association between childhood obesity and mental health problems. The multivariable logistic regression indicates that the focus must remain on reducing health inequalities as this is a more important driver of child health and well-being. However, as a precautionary measure it may be worth considering if children living with obesity who present for weight-management services may benefit from a review of their mental health status to identify if further support is needed, if capacity allows, and this can be done in a supportive way.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Beynon
- Public Health Wales, Capital Quarter 2, Tyndall Street, CF10 4BZ, Cardiff, UK.
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19
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Chambers KH, Reid RM, Samuels SC, Cranston SS, Barnes O, Palmer OD. Prevalence of Overweight and Obesity in Jamaica From 2000 to 2016. Cureus 2023; 15:e34907. [PMID: 36938295 PMCID: PMC10016753 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.34907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/12/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of overweight and obesity in Jamaica has been steadily increasing over the past decade and is now a significant health issue. This paper focuses on the trends in the prevalence of overweight and obesity in Jamaica from 2000 to 2016. Overweight and obesity prevalence in adults increased from 43.8% in 2000 to 55.5% in 2016, from 34.2% in 2000 to 47.4% in 2016in adult males, and from 53.0% in 2000 to 63.6% in 2016 in adult females. In children/adolescents aged 10 to 19 years, the prevalence of obesity has doubled between 2000 and 2016. The data shows that the prevalence of overweight and obesity in children/adolescents increased from 5% in 2000 to 11.4% in 2016, from 4.4% in 2000 to 11.0% in 2016 in boys, and from 5.5% in 2000 to 11.9% in 2016 in girls.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Orbin Barnes
- Medicine, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, CHN
| | - Orlando D Palmer
- Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital of the West Indies, Kingston, JAM
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20
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Huang HM, Yeh TC, Lee TY. Comparison of psychosocial adaptations among childhood cancer survivors, their siblings and peers in Taiwan. J Pediatr Nurs 2022; 67:e1-e8. [PMID: 36336534 DOI: 10.1016/j.pedn.2022.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aimed to understand the difference in psychosocial adaptation among childhood cancer survivors, their healthy siblings and peers, and the factors affecting the psychosocial adaptation of these cancer survivors. DESIGN AND METHODS A total of 222 children (ages 8-17) including childhood cancer survivors, their siblings, and healthy peers participated in this cross-sectional study. All the children completed the anxiety and quality of life scales for their age groups. RESULTS Anxiety levels and quality of life were similar among the childhood cancer survivors, their siblings, and their peers. The anxiety of elementary school-age survivors of acute leukemia was higher than that of those with solid tumors. Elementary school-age survivors who completed three or more years of treatment had lower anxiety than those who completed treatment within the three years. For adolescent survivors, the higher their body mass index, the higher their anxiety, which was associated with low quality of life. Those diagnosed with anxiety and at an older age had lower quality of life. CONCLUSIONS Although there were no differences in survivors' psychosocial adaptation compared to their siblings and healthy peers, more than half of these adolescents had moderate to severe anxiety. Future study may need to explore the causes of their anxiety. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS During the follow-ups of the childhood cancer survivors, age-specific adaptive strategies can be discussed to reduce their anxiety and improve their quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsiu-Mei Huang
- School of Nursing, National Taipei University of Nursing and Health Sciences, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ting-Chi Yeh
- Division of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Mackay Children's Hospital and Mackay Medical College, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Ying Lee
- School of Nursing, National Taipei University of Nursing and Health Sciences, Taipei, Taiwan.
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21
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Rajamoorthi A, LeDuc CA, Thaker VV. The metabolic conditioning of obesity: A review of the pathogenesis of obesity and the epigenetic pathways that "program" obesity from conception. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:1032491. [PMID: 36329895 PMCID: PMC9622759 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.1032491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding the developmental origins of health and disease is integral to overcome the global tide of obesity and its metabolic consequences, including atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes, hyperlipidemia, and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. The rising prevalence of obesity has been attributed, in part, to environmental factors including the globalization of the western diet and unhealthy lifestyle choices. In this review we argue that how and when such exposures come into play from conception significantly impact overall risk of obesity and later health outcomes. While the laws of thermodynamics dictate that obesity is caused by an imbalance between caloric intake and energy expenditure, the drivers of each of these may be laid down before the manifestation of the phenotype. We present evidence over the last half-century that suggests that the temporospatial evolution of obesity from intrauterine life and beyond is, in part, due to the conditioning of physiological processes at critical developmental periods that results in maladaptive responses to obesogenic exposures later in life. We begin the review by introducing studies that describe an association between perinatal factors and later risk of obesity. After a brief discussion of the pathogenesis of obesity, including the systemic regulation of appetite, adiposity, and basal metabolic rate, we delve into the mechanics of how intrauterine, postnatal and early childhood metabolic environments may contribute to adult obesity risk through the process of metabolic conditioning. Finally, we detail the specific epigenetic pathways identified both in preclinical and clinical studies that synergistically "program" obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ananthi Rajamoorthi
- Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Charles A. LeDuc
- Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
- The Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center, Columbia University IRVING Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Vidhu V. Thaker
- Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
- The Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center, Columbia University IRVING Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
- Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
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22
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Feldman MA, Yardley HL, Bulan A, Kamboj MK. Role of Psychologists in Pediatric Endocrinology. Pediatr Clin North Am 2022; 69:905-916. [PMID: 36207101 DOI: 10.1016/j.pcl.2022.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The care of youth managed within pediatric endocrine clinics is complex and requires a multi- or interdisciplinary approach. Psychosocial aspects of chronic health conditions are well-documented. Clinical practice guidelines outline the importance of routine psychosocial screening and support for youth with diabetes and obesity. This article outlines the diverse role of psychologists in pediatric endocrinology, including screening, in-clinic intervention, outpatient psychological services, and inpatient consultation. Although research exists documenting the effectiveness of behavioral interventions to improve adherence and health-related quality of life, cost analysis research is emerging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marissa A Feldman
- Department of Psychology, Johns Hopkins All Children's Hospital, Saint Petersburg, 880 Sixth Street South, Suite 460, Saint Petersburg, FL 33701, USA.
| | - Heather L Yardley
- Department of Pediatric Psychology and Neuropsychology, Nationwide Children's Hospital, 700 Children's Drive, Columbus, OH 43205, USA
| | - Ayse Bulan
- Section of Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, Nationwide Children's Hospital, 700 Children's Drive, Columbus, OH 43205, USA
| | - Manmohan K Kamboj
- Section of Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, Nationwide Children's Hospital, 700 Children's Drive, Columbus, OH 43205, USA
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23
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Chen M, Yin W, Sung-Chan P, Wang Z, Shi J. The Interactive Role of Family Functioning among BMI Status, Physical Activity, and High-Fat Food in Adolescents: Evidence from Shanghai, China. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14194053. [PMID: 36235707 PMCID: PMC9572029 DOI: 10.3390/nu14194053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Revised: 09/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: Family functioning (FF), physical activity (PA), and high-fat food consumption (HF) are associated with adolescents being overweight and obese; however, little is known about their interactions. Therefore, this study aimed to examine how they work jointly on adolescent obesity with BMI as the outcome variable. Methods: A cross-sectional survey utilizing a cluster sampling design was conducted. Multinomial logistic regressions, multiplication interaction (MI), and marginal effects (MEs) were tested. Results: Active PA (non-overweight vs. obesity: OR = 2.260, 95% CI [1.318, 3.874]; overweight vs. obesity: OR = 2.096, 95% CI [1.167, 3.766]), healthy HF (non-overweight vs. obesity: OR = 2.048, 95% CI [1.105, 3.796]) and healthy FF (overweight vs. obesity: OR = 2.084, 95% CI [1.099, 3.952]) reduced obesity risk. Overweight students with healthy FF were less likely to become obese regardless of PA (inactive: OR = 2.181, 95% CI [1.114, 4.272]; active: OR = 3.870, 95% CI [1.719, 8.713]) or HF (unhealthy: OR = 4.615, 95% CI [1.049, 20.306]; healthy: OR = 5.116, 95% CI [1.352, 19.362]). The MEs of inactive PA and unhealthy FF were −0.071, 0.035, and 0.036 for non-overweight, overweight, and obese individuals, respectively (p < 0.05); the MEs of HF and healthy FF individuals were −0.267 and 0.198 for non-overweight and obese individuals, respectively (p < 0.05). Conclusions: Unhealthy FF regulated the influence of inactive PA or unhealthy HF on adolescent obesity, altogether leading to a higher risk of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingyue Chen
- School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Wei Yin
- Department of Social and Behavioural Sciences, College of Liberal Arts and Social Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Pauline Sung-Chan
- Hong Kong Institute of Economics & Business Strategy, HKU School of Business, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Correspondence: (P.S.-C.); (Z.W.); (J.S.)
| | - Zhaoxin Wang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou 571199, China
- School of Management, Hainan Medical University, Haikou 571199, China
- Correspondence: (P.S.-C.); (Z.W.); (J.S.)
| | - Jianwei Shi
- Department of General Practice, Yangpu Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200090, China
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
- Correspondence: (P.S.-C.); (Z.W.); (J.S.)
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24
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Kerem L, Van De Water AL, Kuhnle MC, Harshman S, Hauser K, Eddy KT, Becker KR, Misra M, Micali N, Thomas JJ, Holsen L, Lawson EA. Neurobiology of Avoidant/Restrictive Food Intake Disorder in Youth with Overweight/Obesity Versus Healthy Weight. JOURNAL OF CLINICAL CHILD AND ADOLESCENT PSYCHOLOGY : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL FOR THE SOCIETY OF CLINICAL CHILD AND ADOLESCENT PSYCHOLOGY, AMERICAN PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSOCIATION, DIVISION 53 2022; 51:701-714. [PMID: 33769133 PMCID: PMC8464625 DOI: 10.1080/15374416.2021.1894944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder (ARFID) occurs across the weight spectrum, however research addressing the coexistesnce of ARFID with overweight/obesity (OV/OB) is lacking. We aimed to establish co-occurrence of OV/OB and ARFID and to characterize divergent neurobiological features of ARFID by weight. METHOD Youth with full/subthreshold ARFID (12 with healthy weight [HW], 11 with OV/OB) underwent fasting brain fMRI scan while viewing food/non-food images (M age = 16.92 years, 65% female, 87% white). We compared groups on BOLD response to high-calorie foods (HCF) (vs. objects) in food cue processing regions of interest. Following fMRI scanning, we evaluated subjective hunger pre- vs. post-meal. We used a mediation model to explore the association between BMI, brain activation, and hunger. RESULTS Participants with ARFID and OV/OB demonstrated significant hyperactivation in response to HCF (vs. objects) in the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) and anterior insula compared with HW participants with ARFID. Mediation analysis yielded a significant indirect effect of group (HW vs. OV/OB) on hunger via OFC activation (effect = 18.39, SE = 11.27, 95% CI [-45.09, -3.00]), suggesting that OFC activation mediates differences in hunger between ARFID participants with HW and OV/OB. CONCLUSIONS Compared to youth with ARFID and HW, those with OV/OB demonstrate hyperactivation of brain areas critical for the reward value of food cues. Postprandial changes in subjective hunger depend on BMI and are mediated by OFC activation to food cues. Whether these neurobiological differences contribute to selective hyperphagia in ARFID presenting with OV/OB and represent potential treatment targets is an important area for future investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liya Kerem
- Neuroendocrine Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts
General Hospital and Harvard Medical School
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Mass General Hospital
for Children
| | - Avery L. Van De Water
- Neuroendocrine Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts
General Hospital and Harvard Medical School
- Division of Women’s Health, Department of Medicine
and Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard
Medical School
| | - Megan C. Kuhnle
- Neuroendocrine Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts
General Hospital and Harvard Medical School
| | - Stephanie Harshman
- Neuroendocrine Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts
General Hospital and Harvard Medical School
| | - Kristine Hauser
- Neuroendocrine Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts
General Hospital and Harvard Medical School
| | - Kamryn T. Eddy
- Eating Disorders Clinical and Research Program,
Massachusetts General Hospital, Department of Psychiatry and Harvard Medical
School
| | - Kendra R. Becker
- Eating Disorders Clinical and Research Program,
Massachusetts General Hospital, Department of Psychiatry and Harvard Medical
School
| | - Madhusmita Misra
- Neuroendocrine Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts
General Hospital and Harvard Medical School
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Mass General Hospital
for Children
| | - Nadia Micali
- Department of Psychiatry, Great Ormond Street Institute of
Child Health, University College London
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Child and
Adolescent Psychiatry Division, Department of Child and Adolescent Health,
University of Geneva
| | - Jennifer J. Thomas
- Eating Disorders Clinical and Research Program,
Massachusetts General Hospital, Department of Psychiatry and Harvard Medical
School
| | - Laura Holsen
- Division of Women’s Health, Department of Medicine
and Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard
Medical School
| | - Elizabeth A. Lawson
- Neuroendocrine Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts
General Hospital and Harvard Medical School
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25
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The Association between Obesity and Depression among Children and the Role of Family: A Systematic Review. CHILDREN 2022; 9:children9081244. [PMID: 36010134 PMCID: PMC9406476 DOI: 10.3390/children9081244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 08/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
One of the most critical factors that affects or leads to obesity is depression. However, another point of view is that obesity leads to depression. This systematic review estimates evidence arising from observational and systematic studies concerning the association between obesity and depression in children and adolescents. Moreover, the role of the family environment is investigated in this review. A systematic literature search was performed for research conducted between 2014 and 2021 on PubMed. The basic inclusion criteria were the language, study issue and type, and age of the participants. Studies that examined non-healthy populations, or were not related, or with no access were excluded. Titles and abstracts were screened independently, and full-text manuscripts meeting inclusion criteria were extracted. Finally, twenty-seven studies were retained. Most of them highlighted a positive association between obesity and depression. However, it is not clear whether obesity leads to depression or vice versa. Our review also revealed that the role of the family in this association has not been well studied and understood, since only one study addressed the issue. The evidence from our review emphasizes major public health issues; therefore, appropriate health policies should be developed. Moreover, additional research is required to fully understand the role of the family environment in the association between depression and obesity in childhood.
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Assessing Body Esteem in Adolescents: psychometric properties of the Spanish version of the Body Esteem Scale (BESAA-S). CHILD & YOUTH CARE FORUM 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10566-022-09705-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background
“How do I perceive my own body?“ is a central question during adolescence, which addresses the subjective assessment of body image, called Body Esteem. Although concern about body esteem increases during adolescence, there is a lack of psychometrically validated measures to assess it specifically among Spanish adolescents.
Objective
This study aims to validate the Body-Esteem Scale for Adolescents and Adult populations (BESAA), a widely used measure of body esteem across cultures, among the Spanish adolescent population.
Methods
The cross-cultural adequacy and acceptability of the Argentinian-Spanish version by Forbes et al., (2012) were pilot tested and the questionnaire was completed by 1,258 students (Mage = 15.56). Next, several psychometric analyses were carried out: exploratory (AFE) and confirmatory (CFA) factorial structure, convergent and discriminant validity, nomological validity, internal consistency, and temporal reliability.
Results
The AFE and CFA supported a reduced Spanish version of the BESAA of 14 items (BESAA-S) and maintained the original three-factor structure (BE-Weight, BE-Appearance, and BE-Attribution subscales). The BESAA-S showed acceptable internal consistency and strong test-retest reliability. Discriminant validity between subscales was appropriate, and convergent validity was appropriate except for the BE-Attribution subscale. Nomological validity was supported through significant correlations with body appreciation, general self-esteem, sociocultural attitudes towards appearance, and disordered eating symptoms. Body esteem was negatively associated with weight status.
Conclusions
This study presents a culturally appropriate, shortened Spanish BESAA as a reliable instrument for body esteem assessment among Spanish speaking adolescents.
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Rossi CE, da Silva KP, Feio Costa LDC, Barboza BP, de Vasconcelos FDAG. Body image and association with BMI, and purgative behaviours for weight control in adolescents aged 11-14 years. Br J Nutr 2022; 129:1-10. [PMID: 35786786 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114522001994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
We aimed to evaluate the association of overweight/obesity based in BMI and purgative behaviours with body image (BI). Methods: Cross-sectional study, with probabilistic sample of 976 adolescents, aged 11-14 years, from the city of Florianópolis, Brazil. Multivariate analyses were performed. Overweight (including obesity) and four variables related to purgative methods for body weight control or eating behaviour were evaluated as outcomes, while BI satisfaction was the primary independent variable in each model. Models were controlled for age, sex, type of school (public or private), intake of fruit and vegetables, number of daily meals, and physical activity scores levels. A total of 31·4 % of adolescents wanted to enlarge their silhouette and 45·6 % wanted to reduce it. Among overweight/obese adolescents, 9·6 % were satisfied with their bodies, while 89·8 % wanted to reduce it, while among the not overweight/obese adolescents, 45·4 % wanted to enlarge their silhouette (P < 0·001). Multivariate analysis showed that the odds for overweight/obesity is higher among adolescents who wanted to reduce their silhouette (OR = 11·20; 95 % CI = 5·55, 22·58). Adolescents who want to reduce their silhouette are more likely to use diuretics (OR = 3·08; CI = 1·78, 5·32) and to use laxatives (OR = 2·10; CI = 1·20, 3·68). A significant association was also found between dissatisfaction with BI and overeating (among those who want to enlarge their silhouette: OR = 1·78; CI = 1·12, 2·85 and among those who want to reduce their silhouette: OR = 1·81; CI = 1·03, 3·19). Conclusion: BI dissatisfaction was associated with overweight/obesity, as well with overeating, and the use of purgative methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila Elizandra Rossi
- Departamento de Nutrição da Universidade Federal da Fronteira Sul - Campus Realeza (UFFS), Realeza, Brazil
| | - Karina Peixoto da Silva
- Nutritionist graduate at Departamento de Nutrição da Universidade Federal da Fronteira Sul - Campus Realeza (UFFS), Realeza, Brazil
| | | | - Bernardo Paz Barboza
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Nutrição, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina - Florianópolis (UFSC), Florianópolis, Brazil
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Alyahya RA, Alnujaidi MA. Prevalence and Outcomes of Depression After Bariatric Surgery: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Cureus 2022; 14:e25651. [PMID: 35784972 PMCID: PMC9249077 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.25651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Surgeons often focus on weight loss and improvement of obesity-related conditions as a primary outcome after bariatric surgery. However, the success of bariatric surgery also relies on the improvement of mental health status. Therefore, the current meta-analysis was carried out to reveal the prevalence of depressive symptoms and their subsequent impact on bariatric surgery outcomes. This study was performed following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) checklist and the recommendation of Cochrane Collaboration. All clinical studies reporting the prevalence and/or the outcomes of depression after bariatric surgery were included in the current meta-analysis. This meta-analysis encompassed 33 articles, including a total of 101,223 patients. The prevalence of post-bariatric surgery depression was 15.3% (95% confidence intervals {CI}: 15.0-15.5%, p<0.001) among which severe, moderate, and minimal depression accounted for 1.9% (95% CI: 1.5-2.4%, p<0.001), 5.1% (95% CI: 4.4-5.8%, p<0.001), and 64.9% (95% CI: 63.3-66.5%, p<0.001), respectively. Depression is negatively correlated with weight loss (correlation -0.135; 95% CI: -0.176 to 0.093; p<0.001) and positively correlated with eating disorder (correlation 0.164; 95% CI: 0.079-0.248; p<0.001). The prevalence of post-bariatric surgery depression is relatively high reaching up to 64.9%, with almost one in five patients affected by it. Depression is associated with weight regain, eating disorders, and quality of life.
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29
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Wang X, Ammerman A, Orr CJ. Family‐based interventions for preventing overweight or obesity among preschoolers from racial/ethnic minority groups: A scoping review. Obes Sci Pract 2022; 8:371-386. [PMID: 35664252 PMCID: PMC9159561 DOI: 10.1002/osp4.578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Revised: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective This scoping review aimed to synthesize the published literature on family‐based childhood obesity prevention interventions from 2015 to 2021 that focused on children 2–5 years of age from racial and/or ethnic minority households. Methods A PICOS (population, intervention, comparison, outcome, and setting) framework was used to guide the development of the research question, search strategy, and inclusion/exclusion criteria. To be included, the study must have been a randomized controlled trial or quasi‐experimental trial that enrolled participants 2–5 years of age and their caregivers who identified as being from a racial and/or ethnic minority group in the United States. The study must have also examined a family‐based intervention that incorporated components to prevent childhood obesity (i.e., fruits and vegetable intake, parental responsive feeding, physical activity), be conducted in a remote (i.e., online, text, mail), home, community, primary care setting, or early childhood education institution setting, and report on body mass index (BMI, kg/m2), BMI z‐score, anthropometric measures (weight, waist circumference, fat mass, etc.), changes in health behaviors, or increase in nutritional knowledge. Results Fourteen individual studies were identified. Most interventions used multiple components for promoting nutritional knowledge and behavioral changes among families. Eight interventions included culturally tailored components targeting four aspects: (1) language barriers, (2) food choices, (3) relationships between family members, and (4) rapport building. Conclusions There is limited research in this field focusing on children from racial and/or ethnic minority groups. Future efforts should invest in developing culturally appropriate interventions for these groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiran Wang
- Department of Nutrition University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Gillings School of Public Health Chapel Hill North Carolina USA
| | - Alice Ammerman
- Health Promotion and Disease Prevention University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Chapel Hill North Carolina USA
| | - Colin J. Orr
- Department of Pediatrics University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine Chapel Hill North Carolina USA
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Preliminary Results from the ACTyourCHANGE in Teens Protocol: A Randomized Controlled Trial Evaluating Acceptance and Commitment Therapy for Adolescents with Obesity. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19095635. [PMID: 35565031 PMCID: PMC9100128 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19095635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Revised: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The study shows preliminary results of “The ACTyourCHANGE in Teens” project, a Randomized Controlled Trial aimed at evaluating the efficacy of an Acceptance and Commitment Therapy-based intervention combined with treatment as usual (ACT+TAU) compared to TAU only, for improving psychological well-being, psychological distress, experiential avoidance and fusion, emotion dysregulation, and emotional eating in a sample of 34 in-patient adolescents with obesity (Body Mass Index > 97th centile). Mixed between-within 2 × 2 repeated-measures analyses of variances (ANOVAs) were carried out to examine the changes in psychological conditions of participants over time. Moderation analyses were also conducted to test whether pre-test anxiety, depression, stress, and experiential avoidance and fusion predicted emotional eating at post-test with groups (ACT+TAU vs. TAU only) as moderators. Only a significant interaction effect (time × group) from pre- to post-test (p = 0.031) and a significant main effect of time on anxiety (p < 0.001) and emotional eating (p = 0.010) were found. Only in the TAU only group were higher levels of depression (p = 0.0011), stress (p = 0.0012), and experiential avoidance and fusion (p = 0.0282) at pre-test significantly associated with higher emotional eating at post-test. Although future replication and improvements of the study may allow us to obtain more consistent results, this preliminary evidence is actually promising.
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Perceptions and Practices of Oral Health Care Professionals in Preventing and Managing Childhood Obesity. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14091809. [PMID: 35565777 PMCID: PMC9099995 DOI: 10.3390/nu14091809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, we aimed to explore the perceptions of oral health care professionals (OHCPs) on childhood overweight and obesity screening and management in oral health settings in the Greater Sydney region in New South Wales, Australia. OHCPs involved in the Healthy Smiles Healthy Kids (HSHK) birth cohort study were purposively selected for this nested qualitative study. A sample of 15 OHCPs completed the face-to-face interviews, and thematic analysis was undertaken to identify and analyse the contextual patterns and themes. Three major themes emerged: (1) obesity prevention and management in dental practice; (2) barriers and enablers to obesity prevention and management in dental settings; and (3) the role of oral health professionals in promoting healthy weight status. This study found that OHCPs are well-positioned and supportive in undertaking obesity screening and management in their routine clinical practice. However, their practices are limited due to barriers such as time constraints, limited knowledge, and limited referral pathways. Strategies including capacity building of OHCPs, development of appropriate training programs and resources, and identification of a clear specialist referral pathway are needed to address the current barriers. This study provides an insight into opportunities for the oral health workforce in promoting healthy weight status among children.
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Apperley LJ, Blackburn J, Erlandson-Parry K, Gait L, Laing P, Senniappan S. Childhood obesity: A review of current and future management options. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 2022; 96:288-301. [PMID: 34750858 DOI: 10.1111/cen.14625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Revised: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is becoming increasingly prevalent in paediatric populations worldwide. In addition to increasing prevalence, the severity of obesity is also continuing to rise. Taken together, these findings demonstrate a worrying trend and highlight one of the most significant challenges to public health. Childhood obesity affects multiple organs in the body and is associated with both significant morbidity and ultimately premature mortality. The prevalence of complications associated with obesity, including dyslipidaemia, hypertension, fatty liver disease and psychosocial complications are becoming increasingly prevalent within the paediatric populations. Treatment guidelines currently focus on intervention with lifestyle and behavioural modifications, with pharmacotherapy and surgery reserved for patients who are refractory to such treatment. Research into adult obesity has established pharmacological novel therapies, which have been approved and established in clinical practice; however, the research and implementation of such therapies in paediatric populations have been lagging behind. Despite the relative lack of widespread research in comparison to the adult population, newer therapies are being trialled, which should allow a greater availability of treatment options for childhood obesity in the future. This review summarizes the current evidence for the management of obesity in terms of medical and surgical options. Both future therapeutic agents and those which cause weight loss but have an alternative indication are also included and discussed as part of the review. The review summarizes the most recent research for each intervention and demonstrates the potential efficacy and limitations of each treatment option.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louise J Apperley
- Department of Paediatric Endocrinology, Alder Hey Children's Hospital, Liverpool, UK
| | - James Blackburn
- Centre for Endocrinology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | | | - Lucy Gait
- Department of Paediatric Clinical Psychology, Alder Hey Children's Hospital, Liverpool, UK
| | - Peter Laing
- Department of Paediatric Endocrinology, Alder Hey Children's Hospital, Liverpool, UK
| | - Senthil Senniappan
- Department of Paediatric Endocrinology, Alder Hey Children's Hospital, Liverpool, UK
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Thorsteinsdottir S, Olafsdottir AS, Brynjolfsdottir B, Bjarnason R, Njardvik U. Odds of fussy eating are greater among children with obesity and anxiety. Obes Sci Pract 2022; 8:91-100. [PMID: 35127125 PMCID: PMC8804926 DOI: 10.1002/osp4.548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Revised: 07/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fussy eating has been associated with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), attention-deficit/hyperactive disorder (ADHD), anxiety, and depression. Despite these disorders being prevalent in obesity treatment, no studies have been published on the association of fussy eating in children with obesity and these disorders. Understanding fussy eating in children with obesity and comorbid disorders is important as acceptance of healthy foods tends to be low, especially in children with sensory sensitivities. OBJECTIVES Investigate the prevalence of fussy eating in a cross-sectional sample of children with obesity and ASD, ADHD, anxiety, and depression; and whether they were more likely to be fussy eaters, comparing those with and without these disorders. METHODS One hundred and four children referred to family-based obesity treatment in Iceland 2011-2016, mean age 12.0 (SD = 3.0), mean body mass index standard deviation score 3.5 (SD = 0.9). Binary logistic regression was used to estimate the relationship between fussy eating and disorders, adjusting for medication use. RESULTS A large minority (41.6%) were fussy eaters and 48.9% had at least one comorbid disorder. Over a third of children rejected bitter and sour tastes, and 1.9% and 7.9% rejected sweet and salty tastes, respectively. Compared with those without disorders, the odds of being a fussy eater were increased by a factor of 4.11 when having anxiety (95% confidence intervals) (1.02-16.58, p = 00.046), adjusting for medication use. The odds of being a fussy eater were not increased for other disorders; ASD, ADHD, or depression. CONCLUSIONS In children attending obesity treatment, fussy eating was common. Clinical care models in pediatric obesity treatment should address fussy eating, especially in children with anxiety.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anna S. Olafsdottir
- Faculty of Health Promotion, Sport and Leisure StudiesUniversity of IcelandReykjavikIceland
| | | | - Ragnar Bjarnason
- Department of PediatricsLandspitali University HospitalReykjavikIceland
- Faculty of MedicineUniversity of IcelandReykjavikIceland
| | - Urdur Njardvik
- Faculty of PsychologyUniversity of IcelandReykjavikIceland
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Combined Body Mass Index and Waist-to-Height Ratio and Its Association with Lifestyle and Health Factors among Spanish Children: The PASOS Study. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14020234. [PMID: 35057414 PMCID: PMC8781132 DOI: 10.3390/nu14020234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2021] [Revised: 12/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Aims: The World Health Organization recommended simultaneous measurement of body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC) and suggested joint use to predict disease risks. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of BMI and waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) categories among Spanish children and adolescents, as well as their associations with several lifestyle factors. Methods: Cross-sectional analysis of 8–16-year-old children and adolescents (n = 3772) were included in the PASOS nationwide representative study. Children/adolescents and their mothers/female caregivers answered a questionnaire on lifestyle and health factors. Child/adolescent anthropometrics were measured. Four combined BMI-WHtR disease risk categories were built. Results: A third of participants showed combined BMI-WHtR categories with high disease risk (12.3% ‘increased risk’, 9.7% ‘high risk’, 14.3% ‘very high risk’). Participants in the ‘very high risk’ group were less likely to be females (odds ratio 0.63; 95% CI: 0.52–0.76) and adolescents (0.60; 95% CI: 0.49–0.72), to practice ≥60 min/day of moderate-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) (0.73; 95% CI: 0.57–0.93), and to watch <120 min/day of total screen time on weekdays (0.61; 95% CI: 0.49–0.76). Mothers of participants in the ‘very high risk’ group were less likely to have a high educational level, be in the overweight or normal range, have never smoked or were former smokers, and watch <120 min/day of total screen time on weekends. Participants in the ‘increased’ and ‘high risk’ categories had mothers with normal weight and ≥60 min/day of MVPA. Participants in the ’high risk’ group did not achieve ≥60 min/day of MVPA and showed lower adherence to the Mediterranean diet. Conclusions: Adherence to a healthy lifestyle in children and adolescents, but also in their mothers/female caregivers during offspring’s childhood and adolescence, is associated with low BMI-WHtR disease risk.
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Wójcik M, Goncerz D, Piasny M, Surówka A, Mazurek E, Drożdż D, Kozioł-Kozakowska A, Starzyk JB, Makara-Studzińska M. Obesity in adolescents may be associated with limitations in daily activities and an increased level of anxiety in patients and their parents - preliminary results of a pilot study. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:1007765. [PMID: 36303874 PMCID: PMC9594964 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.1007765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Obesity is a chronic disease, that in adolescents may lead to serious consequences affecting somatic and mental health. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of depressive symptoms and anxiety in adolescents with obesity and their parents. The relationships between depressive and anxiety symptoms and the somatic consequences of obesity were also analyzed. MATERIAL AND METHODS 19 patients with obesity (BMI Z-SCORE 2.1-5.5), at the age 16-17, and their parents answered validated questionnaires (Children's Depression Inventory 2, The State-Trait Anxiety Inventory), and a survey assessing everyday functioning. RESULTS There were no significant differences in the occurrence of symptoms of depression in children and their parents: for the overall scale score of T-score (p=0.331), for the emotional problems (p=0.281) subscale, and the functional problems (p=0.147) subscale. The comparison of the results between boys and girls revealed no significant differences. A significantly higher level of anxiety was found in parents of children who gained weight in the year preceding the study (p = 0.046), and both in children and parents of children with metabolic-associated fatty liver disease - MAFLD (p=0.022 and p=0.007). According to adolescents, obesity affects the most leisure activities. CONCLUSION Obesity, like any chronic disease, can have a significant impact on the emotional state of children and adolescents as well as the possibility of realizing interests and spending free time. Much more important than depressive disorders are anxiety disorders concerning both patients and their parents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Małgorzata Wójcik
- Department of Pediatric and Adolescents Endocrinology, Chair of Pediatrics, Pediatric Institute, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
- *Correspondence: Małgorzata Wójcik, ; Marta Makara-Studzińska,
| | - Dawid Goncerz
- Students’ Scientific Group, Department of Pediatric and Adolescents Endocrinology, Chair of Pediatrics, Pediatric Institute, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
| | - Marta Piasny
- Students’ Scientific Group, Department of Pediatric and Adolescents Endocrinology, Chair of Pediatrics, Pediatric Institute, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
| | - Anna Surówka
- Students’ Scientific Group, Department of Pediatric and Adolescents Endocrinology, Chair of Pediatrics, Pediatric Institute, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
| | - Edyta Mazurek
- Department of Statistics, Faculty of Economics and Finance, Wroclaw University of Economics and Business, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Dorota Drożdż
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology and Hypertension, Chair of Pediatrics, Pediatric Institute, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Kozioł-Kozakowska
- Department of Pediatrics, Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
| | - Jerzy B. Starzyk
- Department of Pediatric and Adolescents Endocrinology, Chair of Pediatrics, Pediatric Institute, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
| | - Marta Makara-Studzińska
- Department of Health Psychology, Faculty of Health Science, Jagiellonian University, Medical College, Kraków, Poland
- *Correspondence: Małgorzata Wójcik, ; Marta Makara-Studzińska,
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Taş Torun Y, İçen S, Gül H, Döğer E. A cross-sectional study on the correlates of food addiction symptoms in adolescents seeking treatment for obesity: eating attitudes and gender differences. J Addict Dis 2021; 40:326-335. [PMID: 34783640 DOI: 10.1080/10550887.2021.1990638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Multidisciplinary approach including psychiatric support, have come to the fore in the treatment of obesity. Food addiction and disordered eating behaviors are among major psychiatric problems that have important effects on both clinical manifestation and response to treatment. This study aimed to investigate correlates of food addiction among adolescents who are seeking treatment for obesity. METHOD This study included 126 adolescents between 11 and 18 years of age, 48 patients in the "study group" who are seeking treatment for obesity (BMI for age greater than 95th percentile) and 78 adolescents (BMI for age under 85th percentile) in the "control group" who were reached via online survey. All participants were requested to complete self-report based measurement tools of Yale Food Addiction Scale (YFAS) and Eating Attitude Test-40 (EAT-40). RESULTS 47.9% adolescents (n = 23) in the study group met food addiction diagnosis according to diagnostic evaluation of YFAS; which was significantly higher than 5.1% (n = 4) adolescents in the control group (p < 0.001). EAT-40 total scores and the scores in subscales of "anxiety of gaining weight," "dieting," and "thin body preoccupation" were significantly higher in the study group. Gender differences were observed when food addiction symptoms were correlated with eating attitudes among the study group. CONCLUSIONS Comparing to the controls, food addiction and disordered eating behaviors were more common in adolescents seeking treatment for obesity. Gender differences in the correlates of food addiction symptoms imply that different approaches might be needed for psychological interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasemin Taş Torun
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Sarper İçen
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Hesna Gül
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Gulhane Research and Training Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Esra Döğer
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinolgy and Metabolism, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
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Saito M, Kikuchi Y, Lefor AK, Hoshina M. Evaluating the mental health of children in a local hospital outpatient clinic. Pediatr Int 2021; 63:1297-1302. [PMID: 33830602 DOI: 10.1111/ped.14723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Revised: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The 30-item Questionnaire for Triage and Assessment (QTA30) is a standardized triage and assessment tool for assessing pediatric psychosomatic disorders. It is estimated that one in 10 children in Japan experience difficulties in their school life. Using the QTA30 we evaluated mental health in children at an outpatient clinic in a local hospital. METHODS All elementary and junior high school students (≥9 years) who visited our institution between December 1 2019 and March 31 2020 were asked to complete the QTA30. RESULT A total of 372 children responded. Half of the children with a psychosomatic disorder and 9% of children with other chronic disorders were suspected to have poor mental health. Suspected poor mental health was associated with higher odds of female gender (odds ratio [OR]: 1.89, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.07-3.39), junior high school students (OR: 3.73, 95% CI: 2.11-6.73), and not enjoying exercise (OR: 2.13, 95% CI: 1.16-3.9). The mean ± standard deviation total QTA30 score was significantly worse in children with psychosomatic disorders (38.0 ± 19.1) among children with other chronic diseases; however, only the score in children with central precocious puberty (27.4 ± 13.7) showed no difference. CONCLUSION Based on our survey, the percentage of children suspected to have mental health problems manifesting as non-psychosomatic chronic disorders was similar to the proportion of children suspected to experience difficulties with their school life. Pediatricians should carefully consider the possibility of mental health problems when children are seen in regular visits to the outpatient clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mari Saito
- Department of Pediatrics, Haga Red Cross Hospital, Mouka, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Yutaka Kikuchi
- Department of Pediatrics, Haga Red Cross Hospital, Mouka, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Alan Kawarai Lefor
- Department of Surgery, Jichi Medical University, Simotsuke, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Masaru Hoshina
- Department of Pediatrics, Haga Red Cross Hospital, Mouka, Tochigi, Japan
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Epel N, Zohar AA, Artom A, Novak AM, Lev-Ari S. The Effect of Cognitive Behavioral Group Therapy on Children's Self-Esteem. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 8:children8110958. [PMID: 34828671 PMCID: PMC8617969 DOI: 10.3390/children8110958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
(1) Background: Self-esteem plays an important role in developing emotional resilience and wellbeing in children. Yet, there has been little related research on Cognitive Behavioral Group Therapy on this topic. Our aims were to assess the effect of the Child Self-Esteem CBT (CSE-CBT) protocol on children's self-esteem in grades five and six; to assess the effect of the CSE-CBT protocol on the therapeutic process; and to explore the feasibility of delivering the CSE-CBT protocol in a school setting. (2) Methods: Eighty elementary school children in grades five and six, divided into four intervention and four control groups, attended 12 structured sessions using the CSE-CBT protocol, led by specially trained teachers. The children completed questionnaires to assess their self-esteem at the beginning and at the end of the study, and answered weekly questionnaires that assessed therapeutic process. Hierarchical linear modeling was used to analyze the data. (3) Results: The CSE-CBT protocol had a significant effect on improving children's self-esteem over the course of the study, regardless of the children's working alliance with the teacher leading the group. (4) Conclusions: The findings suggest that the CSE-CBT protocol has the potential to benefit children's self-esteem and indicate that school teachers can be trained to administer the CBT-protocol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naomi Epel
- Shitot Institute, Ayelet Hashachar 6, Even Yehuda 4053079, Israel; (A.A.Z.); (A.A.)
- Department of Health Promotion, School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel;
| | - Ariela Abir Zohar
- Shitot Institute, Ayelet Hashachar 6, Even Yehuda 4053079, Israel; (A.A.Z.); (A.A.)
| | - Adi Artom
- Shitot Institute, Ayelet Hashachar 6, Even Yehuda 4053079, Israel; (A.A.Z.); (A.A.)
- Bob Shapell School of Social Work, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 61390, Israel
| | - Anne Marie Novak
- Department of Health Promotion, School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel;
| | - Shahar Lev-Ari
- Department of Health Promotion, School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel;
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Lee H, La IS. Latent Class Analysis of Obesogenic Behaviors among Korean Adolescents: Associations with Weight-Related Outcomes. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph182111059. [PMID: 34769578 PMCID: PMC8583616 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182111059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Revised: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to explore sex-specific latent class models of adolescent obesogenic behaviors (OBs), predictors of latent class membership (LCM), and associations between LCM and weight-related outcomes (i.e., weight status and unhealthy weight control behaviors). We analyzed nationally representative data from the 2019 Korea Youth Risk Behavior Survey. To identify latent classes for boys (n = 29,841) and girls (n = 27,462), we conducted a multiple-group latent class analysis using eight OBs (e.g., breakfast skipping, physical activity, and tobacco product use). Moreover, we performed a multinomial logistic regression analysis and a three-step method to examine associations of LCM with predictors and weight-related outcomes. Among both sexes, the 3-class models best fit the data: (a) mostly healthy behavior class, (b) poor dietary habits and high Internet use class, and (c) poor dietary habits and substance use class. School year, residential area, academic performance, and psychological status predicted the LCM for both sexes. In addition, perceived economic status predicted the LCM for girls. The distribution of weight-related outcomes differed across sex-specific classes. Our findings highlight the importance of developing obesity prevention and treatment interventions tailored to each homogeneous pattern of adolescent OBs, considering differences in their associations with predictors and weight-related outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haein Lee
- College of Nursing, Research Institute of Nursing Science, Daegu Catholic University, Daegu 42472, Korea;
| | - In-Seo La
- College of Nursing Science, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-2-961-0883
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Kieslinger K, Wartha O, Pollatos O, Steinacker JM, Kobel S. Parental Self-Efficacy-A Predictor of Children's Health Behaviors? Its Impact on Children's Physical Activity and Screen Media Use and Potential Interaction Effect Within a Health Promotion Program. Front Psychol 2021; 12:712796. [PMID: 34456826 PMCID: PMC8397494 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.712796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Insufficient physical activity (PA) and increased screen media use (SMU) can have detrimental effects on children's health. Parental self-efficacy (PSE) can act as an important predictor for a healthy upbringing. The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of PSE on children's PA and SMU. Additionally, a moderating effect of PSE on the intervention effect of the health promotion program “Join the Healthy Boat” was examined. Using a prospective randomized controlled trial, 558 kindergarten children (3.6 years [SD = 0.6]) were examined. Data was collected using parental self-report. A significant influence of PSE on children's PA (B = 0.33, p = 0.025) and children's SMU (B = 0.42, p = 0.006) was found. The moderating effect of PSE on the intervention effect was neither significantly related to children's PA (p = 0.360) nor to children's SMU (p = 0.531). This confirms the importance of PSE on children's health development. Despite the lack of a moderating effect, interventions should also promote healthy activity behaviors and self-efficacy for parents in order to engage children in a healthy lifestyle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrin Kieslinger
- Department Clinical and Health Psychology, Institute of Psychology and Education, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Olivia Wartha
- Division of Sports and Rehabilitation Medicine, Centre of Medicine, Ulm University Hospital, Ulm, Germany
| | - Olga Pollatos
- Department Clinical and Health Psychology, Institute of Psychology and Education, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Jürgen M Steinacker
- Division of Sports and Rehabilitation Medicine, Centre of Medicine, Ulm University Hospital, Ulm, Germany
| | - Susanne Kobel
- Division of Sports and Rehabilitation Medicine, Centre of Medicine, Ulm University Hospital, Ulm, Germany
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Almaamary S, Al Shammakhi S, Alghamari I, Jabbour J, Al-Jawaldeh A. Preschoolers' and Mothers Dietary Practices and Compliance with the 24-h Movement Guidelines: Results of Oman's National Nutrition Survey. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18168867. [PMID: 34444616 PMCID: PMC8395034 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18168867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Revised: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Little is known on the nutritional and lifestyle variables of preschool children in Oman. This study analyzed data of the 2017 Oman National Nutrition Survey to assess the prevalence and interrelationships between dietary and movement variables among preschool children, aged 2–5 years. Methods: Household visits of a nationally representative sample evaluated mothers and children’s dietary, sleep and physical activity practices; media exposure; and anthropometric and sociodemographic variables. Results: Dyads of mothers and pre-school children aged 2–5 years (n = 1771) were assessed. Childhood overweight/obesity was prevalent in 2% of the sample. Over 54% of children consumed sweetened items and/or French fries or chips at least once daily. Over 65% of children had fruits and/or vegetables once daily or less. Mothers had healthier dietary and movement habits compared to their offspring. Compliance with media exposure was the lowest among mothers and children. Multivariate regression revealed children’s increased sweet intake was the only significant predictor of excess weight in children. Conclusion: This study revealed a low prevalence of overweight/obesity among preschool children in Oman. Children had an acceptable compliance with sleeping recommendations, yet limited adherence to media exposure, activity, added sugar and fruits and vegetables guidelines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salima Almaamary
- Nutrition Department, Ministry of Health, Muscat 393, Oman; (S.A.); (S.A.S.); (I.A.)
| | - Saleh Al Shammakhi
- Nutrition Department, Ministry of Health, Muscat 393, Oman; (S.A.); (S.A.S.); (I.A.)
| | - Ibtisam Alghamari
- Nutrition Department, Ministry of Health, Muscat 393, Oman; (S.A.); (S.A.S.); (I.A.)
| | - Jana Jabbour
- Nutrition Department, School of Health Sciences, Modern University of Business and Sciences, Beirut 113-7501, Lebanon
- Regional Office for the Eastern Mediterranean (EMRO), World Health Organization (WHO), Cairo 11371, Egypt;
- Correspondence:
| | - Ayoub Al-Jawaldeh
- Regional Office for the Eastern Mediterranean (EMRO), World Health Organization (WHO), Cairo 11371, Egypt;
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Guerrini Usubini A, Cattivelli R, Bertuzzi V, Varallo G, Rossi AA, Volpi C, Bottacchi M, Tamini S, De Col A, Pietrabissa G, Mannarini S, Castelnuovo G, Molinari E, Sartorio A. The ACTyourCHANGE in Teens Study Protocol: An Acceptance and Commitment Therapy-Based Intervention for Adolescents with Obesity: A Randomized Controlled Trial. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18126225. [PMID: 34207494 PMCID: PMC8296029 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18126225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Revised: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
This Randomized Controlled Trial [(RCT) aims to evaluate the effectiveness of a brief Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT)-based intervention combined with treatment as usual (TAU) compared to TAU only in improving psychological conditions in a sample of adolescents with obesity (body mass index, BMI > 97th percentile for age and sex) within the context of a wider multidisciplinary rehabilitation program for weight loss. Fifty consecutive adolescents (12-17 years) of both genders with obesity will be recruited among the patients hospitalized in a clinical center for obesity rehabilitation and randomly allocated into two experimental conditions: ACT + TAU vs. TAU only. Both groups will attend a three-week in-hospital multidisciplinary rehabilitation program for weight loss. The ACT + TAU condition comprises a psychological intervention based on ACT combined with a standard psychological assessment and support to the hospitalization. The TAU comprises the standard psychological assessment and support to the hospitalization. At pre- to post-psychological intervention, participants will complete the Avoidance and Fusion Questionnaire for Youth, the Psychological Well-Being Scale, the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale, the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale, and the Emotional Eating subscale of the Dutch Eating Behavior Questionnaire to assess psychological well-being as the primary outcome and experiential avoidance, psychological distress, emotional dysregulation, and emotional eating as secondary outcomes. Repeated-measures ANOVAs (2 × 2) will be conducted. The study will assess the effectiveness of a brief ACT-based intervention for adolescents with obesity in improving their psychological conditions by targeting specific core processes of the ACT framework (openness, awareness, and engagement). Future directions of the study will assess whether these psychological processes will contribute to addressing long-term weight loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Guerrini Usubini
- Istituto Auxologico Italiano IRCCS, Psychology Research Laboratory, 20145 Milan, Italy; (R.C.); (G.V.); (C.V.); (M.B.); (G.P.); (G.C.); (E.M.)
- Department of Psychology, Catholic University of Milan, 20123 Milan, Italy;
- Correspondence:
| | - Roberto Cattivelli
- Istituto Auxologico Italiano IRCCS, Psychology Research Laboratory, 20145 Milan, Italy; (R.C.); (G.V.); (C.V.); (M.B.); (G.P.); (G.C.); (E.M.)
- Department of Psychology, Catholic University of Milan, 20123 Milan, Italy;
| | - Vanessa Bertuzzi
- Department of Psychology, Catholic University of Milan, 20123 Milan, Italy;
| | - Giorgia Varallo
- Istituto Auxologico Italiano IRCCS, Psychology Research Laboratory, 20145 Milan, Italy; (R.C.); (G.V.); (C.V.); (M.B.); (G.P.); (G.C.); (E.M.)
- Department of Psychology, Catholic University of Milan, 20123 Milan, Italy;
| | - Alessandro Alberto Rossi
- Department of Philosophy, Sociology, Education, and Applied Psychology, Section of Applied Psychology, University of Padova, 35139 Padova, Italy; (A.A.R.); (S.M.)
- Interdepartmental Center for Family Research, University of Padova, 35139 Padova, Italy
| | - Clarissa Volpi
- Istituto Auxologico Italiano IRCCS, Psychology Research Laboratory, 20145 Milan, Italy; (R.C.); (G.V.); (C.V.); (M.B.); (G.P.); (G.C.); (E.M.)
| | - Michela Bottacchi
- Istituto Auxologico Italiano IRCCS, Psychology Research Laboratory, 20145 Milan, Italy; (R.C.); (G.V.); (C.V.); (M.B.); (G.P.); (G.C.); (E.M.)
| | - Sofia Tamini
- Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, Experimental Laboratory for Auxo-Endocrinological Research, 28824 Piancavallo (VB), Italy; (S.T.); (A.D.C.); (A.S.)
| | - Alessandra De Col
- Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, Experimental Laboratory for Auxo-Endocrinological Research, 28824 Piancavallo (VB), Italy; (S.T.); (A.D.C.); (A.S.)
| | - Giada Pietrabissa
- Istituto Auxologico Italiano IRCCS, Psychology Research Laboratory, 20145 Milan, Italy; (R.C.); (G.V.); (C.V.); (M.B.); (G.P.); (G.C.); (E.M.)
- Department of Psychology, Catholic University of Milan, 20123 Milan, Italy;
| | - Stefania Mannarini
- Department of Philosophy, Sociology, Education, and Applied Psychology, Section of Applied Psychology, University of Padova, 35139 Padova, Italy; (A.A.R.); (S.M.)
- Interdepartmental Center for Family Research, University of Padova, 35139 Padova, Italy
| | - Gianluca Castelnuovo
- Istituto Auxologico Italiano IRCCS, Psychology Research Laboratory, 20145 Milan, Italy; (R.C.); (G.V.); (C.V.); (M.B.); (G.P.); (G.C.); (E.M.)
- Department of Psychology, Catholic University of Milan, 20123 Milan, Italy;
| | - Enrico Molinari
- Istituto Auxologico Italiano IRCCS, Psychology Research Laboratory, 20145 Milan, Italy; (R.C.); (G.V.); (C.V.); (M.B.); (G.P.); (G.C.); (E.M.)
- Department of Psychology, Catholic University of Milan, 20123 Milan, Italy;
| | - Alessandro Sartorio
- Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, Experimental Laboratory for Auxo-Endocrinological Research, 28824 Piancavallo (VB), Italy; (S.T.); (A.D.C.); (A.S.)
- Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, Division of Auxology, 28824 Piancavallo (VB), Italy
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Liang X, Zhang P, Luo S, Zhang G, Tang X, Liu L. The association of quality of life and personality characteristics with adolescent metabolic syndrome: a cohort study. Health Qual Life Outcomes 2021; 19:160. [PMID: 34103067 PMCID: PMC8186050 DOI: 10.1186/s12955-021-01797-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND An increased prevalence of adolescent metabolic syndrome (MS) is associated with adulthood cardiovascular diseases. This study aimed to explore the potential relationship of quality of life (QoL) and personality traits with adolescent MS. METHODS A total of 1961 participants from Chongqing with an average age of 11.68 years old from a cohort study established in 2014 and followed up through 2019 were included. QoL information, Eysenck's personality questionnaire and MS components were collected. RESULTS A higher QoL domain score of physical activity ability (PAA) was a protective factor for both MS and MS score (all P < 0.01), which was mainly negatively correlated with the MS components of central obesity, diastolic blood pressure (DBP) and triglyceride levels, as well as positively correlated with high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) level. The total QoL score was negatively correlated with triglyceride levels and positively correlated with DBP (all P < 0.01). High extraversion personality score was a protective factor against adolescent MS (P = 0.04) and MS score (P < 0.05), which were mainly negatively correlated with the MS components of waist circumference, systolic blood pressure and TGs, and positively correlated with HDL-C (all P ≤ 0.01). CONCLUSIONS QoL score and extraversion personality score were independent protective factors against both MS prevalence and MS score, suggesting that community intervention to improve the QoL and psychological health of children are essential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohua Liang
- Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics Department, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Key Laboratory of Pediatrics in Chongqing, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Center of Child Development and Critical Disorders, 136 2nd Street, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400016, China.
| | - Peng Zhang
- Disease Control and Prevention Center of Jiulongpo District, Chongqing, China
| | - Shunqing Luo
- Medical General Ward of Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Guifang Zhang
- Plastic Surgery Department of Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xian Tang
- Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics Department, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Key Laboratory of Pediatrics in Chongqing, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Center of Child Development and Critical Disorders, 136 2nd Street, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Lingjuan Liu
- Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics Department, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Key Laboratory of Pediatrics in Chongqing, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Center of Child Development and Critical Disorders, 136 2nd Street, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400016, China
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Liang X, Zhang P, Luo S, Zhang G, Tang X, Liu L. The association of quality of life and personality characteristics with adolescent metabolic syndrome: a cohort study. Health Qual Life Outcomes 2021. [DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12955-021-01797-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
An increased prevalence of adolescent metabolic syndrome (MS) is associated with adulthood cardiovascular diseases. This study aimed to explore the potential relationship of quality of life (QoL) and personality traits with adolescent MS.
Methods
A total of 1961 participants from Chongqing with an average age of 11.68 years old from a cohort study established in 2014 and followed up through 2019 were included. QoL information, Eysenck’s personality questionnaire and MS components were collected.
Results
A higher QoL domain score of physical activity ability (PAA) was a protective factor for both MS and MS score (all P < 0.01), which was mainly negatively correlated with the MS components of central obesity, diastolic blood pressure (DBP) and triglyceride levels, as well as positively correlated with high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) level. The total QoL score was negatively correlated with triglyceride levels and positively correlated with DBP (all P < 0.01). High extraversion personality score was a protective factor against adolescent MS (P = 0.04) and MS score (P < 0.05), which were mainly negatively correlated with the MS components of waist circumference, systolic blood pressure and TGs, and positively correlated with HDL-C (all P ≤ 0.01).
Conclusions
QoL score and extraversion personality score were independent protective factors against both MS prevalence and MS score, suggesting that community intervention to improve the QoL and psychological health of children are essential.
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45
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Melnyk BM, Kelly S, Tan A. Psychometric Properties of the Healthy Lifestyle Beliefs Scale for Adolescents. J Pediatr Health Care 2021; 35:285-291. [PMID: 33518442 PMCID: PMC8140993 DOI: 10.1016/j.pedhc.2020.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Revised: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Healthy lifestyle behaviors are at the core of maintaining health. This study analyzed the psychometric properties of the 16-item healthy lifestyle beliefs (HLB) scale that measures a person's beliefs about their ability to live a healthy lifestyle. METHOD Descriptive statistics, exploratory factor analysis, confirmatory analysis, and measurement invariance were conducted for this study. RESULTS Cronbach alpha was 0.894. The Exploratory factor analysis scree plot identified two factors with eigenvalues greater than one. All factor loadings were greater than 0.40 and no items cross-loaded. A two-factor solution was retained for Confirmatory factor analysis. The measurement invariance results suggested that there was no gender difference in HLB regarding factor structure, factor loading, threshold, and residual variances. DISCUSSION The HLB scale was found to have adequate internal consistency and fit with the data. Findings show it is valid and acceptable for both boys and girls.
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Abstract
Childhood obesity can lead to comorbidities that cause significant decrease in health-related quality of life and early mortality. Recognition of obesity as a disease of polygenic etiology can help deter implicit bias. Current guidelines for treating severe obesity in children recommend referral to a multidisciplinary treatment center that offers metabolic and bariatric surgery at any age when a child develops a body mass index that is greater than 120% of the 95th percentile. Obesity medications and lifestyle counseling about diet and exercise are not adequate treatment for severe childhood obesity. Early referral can significantly improve quality and quantity of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adi Steinhart
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, 1017 Paradise Way, Palo Alto, CA 94306, USA
| | - Deborah Tsao
- Stanford University School of Medicine, 227 Ayrshire Farm Ln (Apt 203), Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Janey S A Pratt
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Lucille Packard Children's Hospital, M166 Alway Building, 300 Pasteur Drive, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
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Moreno-Encinas A, Graell M, Martínez-Huertas JÁ, Faya M, Treasure J, Sepúlveda AR. Adding maintaining factors to developmental models of anorexia nervosa: An empirical examination in adolescents. EUROPEAN EATING DISORDERS REVIEW 2021; 29:548-558. [PMID: 33621386 DOI: 10.1002/erv.2826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE A biopsychosocial approach has been proposed to explain the pathogenesis of anorexia nervosa (AN), despite only a few of the existing etiological models having received empirical support. The aim of this study was to empirically investigate Herpertz-Dahlmann, Seitz, and Konrad (2011, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00406-011-0246-y)'s developmental model and to consider if interpersonal reactions to the illness might serve as maintaining factors following the model proposed by Treasure and Schmidt (2013, https://doi.org/10.1186/2050-2974-1-13) METHOD: One hundred adolescents and their families were participated in the study: 50 diagnosed with AN, paired by age and parents' socio-economic status with 50 adolescents without a pathology. Biological, psychological and familial variables were assessed using ten questionnaires and a blood analysis test. Additionally, structural equation modeling was conducted to assess two hypothetical models. RESULTS The fit of both models was good after the addition of two covariate parameters (e.g., Comparative Fit Index > 0.96 and Tucker-Lewis Index > 0.95). Premorbid traits were linked to body dissatisfaction and to the number of stressful life events; this in turn was linked to AN symptoms. Biological and familial consequences reinforced this pathology. CONCLUSIONS Our findings provide support for both models, suggesting that inter relationships between bio-psycho-familial variables can influence the course of AN during adolescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alba Moreno-Encinas
- School of Psychology, Autonomous University of Madrid, Biological and Health Psychology Department, Madrid, Spain
| | - Montserrat Graell
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychology Department, University Hospital Niño Jesús, CIBERSAM, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Mar Faya
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychology Department, University Hospital Niño Jesús, CIBERSAM, Madrid, Spain
| | - Janet Treasure
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Ana Rosa Sepúlveda
- School of Psychology, Autonomous University of Madrid, Biological and Health Psychology Department, Madrid, Spain
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Mansoor S, Jain P, Hassan N, Farooq U, Mirza MA, Pandith AA, Iqbal Z. Role of Genetic and Dietary Implications in the Pathogenesis of Global Obesity. FOOD REVIEWS INTERNATIONAL 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/87559129.2021.1874409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sheikh Mansoor
- Division of Biochemistry, Faculty of Basic Sciences, SKUAST, Jammu, India
| | - Pooja Jain
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - Nazia Hassan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - Uzma Farooq
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - Mohd. Aamir Mirza
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - Arshad A Pandith
- Advanced Centre for Human Genetics, Sher-I-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences, Srinagar, J&K, India
| | - Zeenat Iqbal
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
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Mohajer N, Du CY, Checkcinco C, Blumberg B. Obesogens: How They Are Identified and Molecular Mechanisms Underlying Their Action. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:780888. [PMID: 34899613 PMCID: PMC8655100 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.780888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Adult and childhood obesity have reached pandemic level proportions. The idea that caloric excess and insufficient levels of physical activity leads to obesity is a commonly accepted answer for unwanted weight gain. This paradigm offers an inconclusive explanation as the world continually moves towards an unhealthier and heavier existence irrespective of energy balance. Endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) are chemicals that resemble natural hormones and disrupt endocrine function by interfering with the body's endogenous hormones. A subset of EDCs called obesogens have been found to cause metabolic disruptions such as increased fat storage, in vivo. Obesogens act on the metabolic system through multiple avenues and have been found to affect the homeostasis of a variety of systems such as the gut microbiome and adipose tissue functioning. Obesogenic compounds have been shown to cause metabolic disturbances later in life that can even pass into multiple future generations, post exposure. The rising rates of obesity and related metabolic disease are demanding increasing attention on chemical screening efforts and worldwide preventative strategies to keep the public and future generations safe. This review addresses the most current findings on known obesogens and their effects on the metabolic system, the mechanisms of action through which they act upon, and the screening efforts through which they were identified with. The interplay between obesogens, brown adipose tissue, and the gut microbiome are major topics that will be covered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Mohajer
- Deparment of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Chrislyn Y. Du
- Deparment of Developmental and Cell Biology, University of California, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Christian Checkcinco
- Deparment of Developmental and Cell Biology, University of California, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Bruce Blumberg
- Deparment of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, Irvine, CA, United States
- Deparment of Developmental and Cell Biology, University of California, Irvine, CA, United States
- Deparment of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Irvine, CA, United States
- *Correspondence: Bruce Blumberg,
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Saliba K, Cuschieri S. Amidst the COVID-19 pandemic childhood obesity is still an epidemic-spotlight on obesity's multifactorial determinants. HEALTH SCIENCES REVIEW (OXFORD, ENGLAND) 2021; 1:100006. [PMID: 34977915 PMCID: PMC8639479 DOI: 10.1016/j.hsr.2021.100006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Childhood obesity is a global epidemic and a chronic disease. Multifactorial determinants have long been linked with childhood obesity. These have been challenged with the onset of COVID-19 and the associated mitigation measures. The study aimed to re-highlight these determinants while exploring the effects of the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic on these pre-existing childhood obesity determinants, while providing evidence that may be beneficial for the post-COVID-19 recovery plan. METHODS A PubMed literature search (2016-2021) using the keywords, "childhood obesity", "gender", "sex", "obesity in youth", "obesity in adolescents", "COVID-19″ and "SARS-CoV2" was performed. RESULTS Genetic predisposition, biologically low leptin levels, certain cultural beliefs and socio-economic statuses, as well as exposure to an "obesogenic" environment were found to have a positive association with childhood obesity. Additionally, the onset of COVID-19 further aggravates the childhood obesity epidemic, increasing childrens' susceptibility to obesity and all associated consequential diseases. DISCUSSION A possible key to the control and prevention of the burden of childhood obesity, lies in dealing with its precursors and risk factors. Certain factors, including socio-cultural norms, cultural beliefs and geographical factors are amenable. COVID-19 further challenged these and it is evident that the childhood obesity epidemic is still a critical one. Encouraging preventative interventions, such as screening programs, public awareness and policies targeting the environment, amongst others, are recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katya Saliba
- Medical Student, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery University of Malta, Msida, Malta,Corresponding author
| | - Sarah Cuschieri
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine & Surgery, University of Malta, Rm 425, Biomedical Building, Msida, Malta
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