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El-Agrody E, Abol-Enein H, Mortada WI, Awadalla A, Tarabay HH, Elkhawaga OA. Does the Presence of Heavy Metals Influence the Gene Expression and Oxidative Stress in Bladder Cancer? Biol Trace Elem Res 2024; 202:3475-3482. [PMID: 38072891 PMCID: PMC11144142 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-023-03950-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2024]
Abstract
Heavy metal toxicity is associated with cancer progression. Studies have reported the relation between some metal ions and bladder cancer (BC). Direct influence of such agents in bladder carcinogenesis is still needed. Total 49 BC patients were included in the study. Level of Pb, Cr, Hg and Cd, oxidative stress markers, and gene expression of Bcl-2, Bax, IL-6, AKT, and P38 genes were detected in cancer and non-cancerous tissues obtained from bladder cancer patients. Concentrations of Pb, Cr, and Cd were significantly elevated in cancer tissues than normal, while Hg level was significantly increased in normal tissue than cancer. MDA level was significantly higher and SOD activity was lower in the cancer tissues compared to non-cancerous. The expressions of Bcl-2, IL-6, AKT, and P38 were significantly increased in the cancer tissues than in normal tissues while Bax level was significantly increased in non-cancerous tissue than in cancer tissue. In cancer tissue, there were significant correlations between Cr level with expression of Bax, AKT, and P38 while Cd level was significantly correlate with Bax, IL-6, AKT, and P38expression. The correlation between Cr and Cd with the expression of Bax, IL-6, AKT, and P38 may indicate a carcinogenic role of these metals on progression of bladder cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eslam El-Agrody
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, Biochemistry Division, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Hassan Abol-Enein
- Center of Excellence for Genome and Cancer Research, Urology and Nephrology Center, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt
| | - Wael I Mortada
- Clinical Chemistry Laboratory, Urology and Nephrology Center, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt
| | - Amira Awadalla
- Center of Excellence for Genome and Cancer Research, Urology and Nephrology Center, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt.
| | - Heba H Tarabay
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, Biochemistry Division, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Om-Ali Elkhawaga
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, Biochemistry Division, Mansoura, Egypt
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2
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Mohammed Bakheet M, Mohssin Ali H, Jalil Talab T. Evaluation of some proinflammatory cytokines and biochemical parameters in pre and postmenopausal breast cancer women. Cytokine 2024; 179:156632. [PMID: 38701734 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2024.156632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Revised: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024]
Abstract
The study was planned to evaluate the differences in certain proinflammatory cytokines(IL-6, TNF-α) with CRP and biochemical parameters (E2, D3, LDH, GGT, TSB, Ca, Ph, uric acid), between women with pre- and postmenopausal breast cancer and seemingly healthy women in Iraqi women as controls; at medical city in teaching Oncology hospital,70 breast cancer patients women their ages ranged (47.51 ± 1.18) and 20 healthy women with age (44.45 ± 2.66) begun from September (2020) to February (2021). The aims of this study to investigate the evaluation of chemotherapy effects especially doxorubicin and cyclophosphamide only use in this study in pre and postmenopausal breast cancer women on proinflammatory cytokines(IL-6, TNF-α) with CRP and on biochemical parameters(E2, D3, LDH, GGT, TSB, Ca, Ph, uric acid) in pre and postmenapausal breast cancer women. The patients were divided into five groups and each group contains 14 patients women with breast cancer during pre and postmenopausal periods. The control groups were divided into 10 pre and 10 postmenopausal women(Fig. 1). The results of proinflammatory cytokines of and biochemical parameters in premenopausal groups were as the levels of IL-6 (pg/ml),TNF-α(pg/ml) and CRP (ng/ml) showed significant increase differences (P < 0.01)among breast cancer treated (BCT) groups in comparison with control groups,While the Liver enzymes GGT,LDH and TSB showed highly significant increase (P < 0.01) in BCT groups, Estrogen levels (pg/ml) and D3(ng/ml) increased significantly (P < 0.01)among BCT groups. Blood serum calcium and phosphorus with uric acid levels (mg/dl) showed significant difference (P < 0.01); While the result in postmenopausal of IL-6(pg/ml), TNF-α (pg/ml) and CRP (ng/ml) showed highly significant differences (P < 0.01)among BCT groups.While GGT(IU/L), LDH(IU/L) and TSB (mg/dl) enzymes were increased significantly (p < 0.01), Estrogen (pg/ml) and D3(ng/ml) levels showed significant increase (P < 0.01) among BCT groups.Blood calcium and phosphorus showed significant increase (P < 0.01) while uric acid was non-significant increase (P > 0.05).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hiba Mohssin Ali
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Mustansiriyah University, Bagdad, Iraq.
| | - Tabarak Jalil Talab
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Mustansiriyah University, Bagdad, Iraq.
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Mohamed AH, Ahmed AT, Al Abdulmonem W, Bokov DO, Shafie A, Al-Hetty HRAK, Hsu CY, Alissa M, Nazir S, Jamali MC, Mudhafar M. Interleukin-6 serves as a critical factor in various cancer progression and therapy. Med Oncol 2024; 41:182. [PMID: 38900329 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-024-02422-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
Interleukin-6 (IL-6), a pro-inflammatory cytokine, plays a crucial role in host immune defense and acute stress responses. Moreover, it modulates various cellular processes, including proliferation, apoptosis, angiogenesis, and differentiation. These effects are facilitated by various signaling pathways, particularly the signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) and Janus kinase 2 (JAK2). However, excessive IL-6 production and dysregulated signaling are associated with various cancers, promoting tumorigenesis by influencing all cancer hallmarks, such as apoptosis, survival, proliferation, angiogenesis, invasiveness, metastasis, and notably, metabolism. Emerging evidence indicates that selective inhibition of the IL-6 signaling pathway yields therapeutic benefits across diverse malignancies, such as multiple myeloma, prostate, colorectal, renal, ovarian, and lung cancers. Targeting key components of IL-6 signaling, such as IL-6Rs, gp130, STAT3, and JAK via monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) or small molecules, is a heavily researched approach in preclinical cancer studies. The purpose of this study is to offer an overview of the role of IL-6 and its signaling pathway in various cancer types. Furthermore, we discussed current preclinical and clinical studies focusing on targeting IL-6 signaling as a therapeutic strategy for various types of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asma'a H Mohamed
- Biomedical Engineering Department, College of Engineering and Technologies, Al-Mustaqbal University, Babil, Hilla, 51001, Iraq
| | - Abdulrahman T Ahmed
- Department of Nursing, Al-Maarif University College, Ramadi, AL-Anbar Governorate, Iraq.
| | - Waleed Al Abdulmonem
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Qassim University, Buraidah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Dmitry Olegovich Bokov
- Institute of Pharmacy named after A.P. Nelyubin, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 8 Trubetskaya St., bldg. 2, Moscow, Russian Federation, 119991
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry, Federal Research Center of Nutrition, Biotechnology and Food Safety, 2/14 Ustyinsky pr., Moscow, Russian Federation, 109240
| | - Alaa Shafie
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, 21944, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Chou-Yi Hsu
- Thunderbird School of Global Management, Arizona State University Tempe Campus, Phoenix, AZ, 85004, USA
| | - Mohammed Alissa
- Department of Medical Laboratory, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shahid Nazir
- School of Science and Technology, University of New England, Armidale, NSW, Australia
| | - Mohammad Chand Jamali
- Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, Liwa College, Al Ain, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Mustafa Mudhafar
- Department of Medical Physics, College of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Kerbala, Karbala, 56001, Iraq
- Department of Anesthesia Techniques and Intensive Care, Al-Taff University College, Kerbala, 56001, Iraq
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Gunasekara N, Clauss D, Bloch W. Effects of Exercise-Induced Changes in Myokine Expression on the Tumor Microenvironment. Sports Med Int Open 2024; 8:a22831663. [PMID: 38933599 PMCID: PMC11204211 DOI: 10.1055/a-2283-1663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
In this narrative review, we summarize the direct and indirect effects that myokines have on the tumor microenvironment. We took studies of various cancer types and species into account. Systematic reviews and meta-analyses that matched the search terms were also considered. We searched databases for six months. As a narrative approach was chosen, no data was analyzed or reanalyzed. The goal of this narrative review is to create an overview on the topic to identify research gaps and answer the questions as to whether myokine expression may be relevant in cancer research in regard to the tumor microenvironment. Six commonly known myokines were chosen. We found strong links between the influence exercise has on interleukin-6, oncostatin M, secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine, and irisin in the context of tumor progression and inhibition via interactions with the tumor microenvironment. It became clear that the effects of myokines on the tumor microenvironment can vary and contribute to disease progression or regression. Interactions among myokines and immune cells must also be considered and require further investigation. To date, no study has shown a clear connection, while multiple studies suggest further investigation of the topic, similar to the effects of exercise on myokine expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadira Gunasekara
- Institute of Cardiology and Sports Medicine, German Sport University
Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Dorothea Clauss
- Institute of Cardiology and Sports Medicine, German Sport University
Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Wilhelm Bloch
- Institute of Cardiology and Sports Medicine, German Sport University
Cologne, Cologne, Germany
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Napiórkowska M, Otto-Ślusarczyk D, Kurpios-Piec D, Stukan I, Gryzik M, Wojda U. BM7, a derivative of benzofuran, effectively fights cancer by promoting cancer cell apoptosis and impacting IL-6 levels. Eur J Pharmacol 2024:176751. [PMID: 38897442 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2024.176751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Revised: 06/10/2024] [Accepted: 06/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
The BM7 compound, a bromo derivative of methyl 6-acetyl-5-hydroxy-2-methyl-1-benzofuran-3-carboxylate, was previously identified as cytotoxic to human leukemia cells (K562 and HL60) and human cervical cancer (HeLa), while showing no toxicity to non-cancerous primary endothelial cells (HUVEC). In this study, we present the first demonstration of BM7's anticancer efficacy in vivo using a mouse chronic myeloid leukaemia xenograft model. Administered intraperitoneally in a mixture of 10% Solutol HS 15/10% ethanol, BM7 exhibited no visible toxicity and significantly reduced tumor weight, comparable to standard drugs imatinib and hydroxyurea. Further supporting its anticancer potential, a multi-model in vitro study involving seven human cancer cell lines revealed the most promising responses in colon cancer (SW480, SW620, HCT116), liver cancer (HEPG2), and breast adenocarcinoma (MDA-MB-231) cells. BM7 demonstrated multifaceted anticancer mechanisms, inducing apoptosis while elevating reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels and suppressing interleukin-6 (IL-6) release in these cell lines. These findings position BM7 as a candidate of significant interest for cancer therapy. Its ability to not only induce apoptosis but also modulate cellular processes such as ROS levels and immune responses, specifically IL-6 suppression, makes BM7 a versatile and promising agent for further exploration in the realm of cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Iga Stukan
- Laboratory of Preclinical Testing of Higher Standard, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology of Polish Academy of Sciences, 3 Pasteur Street, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland; Department of General Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 1 Rybacka Street, 70-204 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Marek Gryzik
- Laboratory of Preclinical Testing of Higher Standard, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology of Polish Academy of Sciences, 3 Pasteur Street, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Urszula Wojda
- Laboratory of Preclinical Testing of Higher Standard, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology of Polish Academy of Sciences, 3 Pasteur Street, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
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6
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Zhao Q, Yu H, Shi M, Wang X, Fan Z, Wang Z. Tumor microenvironment characteristics of lipid metabolism reprogramming related to ferroptosis and EndMT influencing prognosis in gastric cancer. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 137:112433. [PMID: 38870879 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.112433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2024] [Revised: 06/05/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gastric cancer (GC) is a refractory malignant tumor with high tumor heterogeneity, a low rate of early diagnosis, and poor patient prognosis. Lipid metabolism reprogramming plays a critical role in tumorigenesis and progression, but its prognostic role and regulatory mechanism in GC are rarely studied. Thus, the identification of signatures related to lipid metabolism is necessary and may present a new avenue for improving the overall prognosis of GC. METHODS Lipid metabolism-associated genes (LMAGs) with differential expression in tumor and tumor-adjacent tissue were acquired to identify lipid metabolism-associated subtypes. The differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between the two clusters were then utilized for prognostic analysis and signature construction. Additionally, pathway enrichment analysis and immune cell infiltration analysis were employed to identify the characteristics of the prognostic model. Further analyses were conducted at the single-cell level to better understand the model's prognostic mechanism. Finally, the prediction of immunotherapy response was used to suggest potential treatments. RESULTS Two lipid metabolism-associated subtypes were identified and 9 prognosis-related genes from the DEGs between the two clusters were collected for the construction of the prognostic model named lipid metabolism-associated signature (LMAS). Then we found the low LMAS patients with favorable prognoses were more sensitive to ferroptosis in the Cancer Genome Atlas of Stomach Adenocarcinoma (TCGA-STAD). Meanwhile, the tumor cells exhibiting high levels of lipid peroxidation and accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in single-cell levels were primarily enriched in the low LMAS group, which was more likely to induce ferroptosis. In addition, endothelial cells and cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) facilitated tumor angiogenesis, proliferation, invasion, and metastasis through endothelial-mesenchymal transition (EndMT), affecting the prognosis of the patients with high LMAS scores. Moreover, CD1C- CD141- dendritic cells (DCs) also secreted pro-tumorigenic cytokines to regulate the function of endothelial cells and CAFs. Finally, the patients with low LMAS scores might have better efficacy in immunotherapy. CONCLUSIONS A LMAS was constructed to guide GC prognosis and therapy. Meanwhile, a novel anti-tumor effect was found in lipid metabolism reprogramming of GC which improved patients' prognosis by regulating the sensitivity of tumor cells to ferroptosis. Moreover, EndMT may have a negative impact on GC prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Zhao
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Disease-Related Biomarkers, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Baotou Medical College, Baotou 014030, China; School of Basic Medicine, Baotou Medical College, Baotou 014040, China
| | - Hui Yu
- Translational Medicine Center, Baotou Medical College, Baotou 014040, China
| | - Mengqi Shi
- School of Basic Medicine, Baotou Medical College, Baotou 014040, China
| | - Xujie Wang
- School of Basic Medicine, Baotou Medical College, Baotou 014040, China
| | - Zixu Fan
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Disease-Related Biomarkers, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Baotou Medical College, Baotou 014030, China
| | - Zhanli Wang
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Disease-Related Biomarkers, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Baotou Medical College, Baotou 014030, China.
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Awad AM, Dabous E, Alalem M, Alalem N, Nasr ME, Elawdan KA, Nasr GM, Said W, El Khashab K, Basiouny MS, Guirgis AA, Khalil H. MicroRNA-141-regulated KLK10 and TNFSF-15 gene expression in hepatoblastoma cells as a novel mechanism in liver carcinogenesis. Sci Rep 2024; 14:13492. [PMID: 38866875 PMCID: PMC11169620 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-63223-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Liver cancer is one of the most pivotal global health problems, leading hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) with a significant increase in cases worldwide. The role of non-coding-RNA in cancer proliferation and carcinogenesis has attracted much attention in the last decade; however, microRNAs (miRNAs), as non-coding RNA, are considered master mediators in various cancer progressions. Yet the role of miR-141 as a modulator for specific cellular processes in liver cancer cell proliferation is still unclear. This study identified the role of miR-141 and its potential functions in liver carcinogenesis. The level of miR-141 in HepG2 and HuH7 cells was assessed using quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) and compared with its expression in normal hepatocytes. A new miR-141 construct has been performed in a CMV promoter vector tagged with GFP. Using microarray analysis, we identified the potentially regulated genes by miR-141 in transfected HepG2 cells. The protein profile of the kallikrein-related peptidase 10 (KLK10) and tumor necrosis factor TNFSF-15 was investigated in HepG2 cells transfected with either an inhibitor, antagonist miR-141, or miR-141 overexpression vector using immunoblotting and flow cytometry assay. Finally, ELISA assay has been used to monitor the produced inflammatory cytokines from transfected HepG2 cells. Our findings showed that the expression of miR-141 significantly increased in HepG2 and HuH7 cells compared to the normal hepatocytes. Transfection of HepG2 cells with an inhibitor, antagonist miR-141, showed a significant reduction of HepG2 cell viability, unlike the transfection of miR-141 overexpression vector. The microarray data of HepG2 cells overexpressed miR-141 provided a hundred downregulated genes, including KLK10 and TNFSF-15. Furthermore, the expression profile of KLK10 and TNFSF-15 markedly depleted in HepG2 cells transfected with miR-141 overexpression accompanied by a decreasing level of interleukin 6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), indicating the role of miR-141 in HepG2 cell proliferation and programmed cell death. Interestingly, the experimental rats with liver cancer induced by Diethylnitrosamine injection further confirmed the upregulation of miR-141 level, IL-10, and TNF-α and the disturbance in KLK10 and TNFSF-15 gene expression compared with their expression in normal rats. The in-silico online tools, IntaRNA and miRWalk were used to confirm the direct interaction and potential binding sites between miR-141 and identified genes. Thus, the seeding regions of potential targeted sequences was cloned upstream of luciferase reporter gene in pGL3 control vector. Interestingly, the luciferase activities of constructed vectors were significantly decreased in HepG2 cells pre-transfected with miR-141 overexpression vector, while increasing in cells pre-transfected with miR-141 specific inhibitor. In summary, these data suggest the crucial role of miR-141 in liver cancer development via targeting KLK10 and TNFSF-15 and provide miR-141 as an attractive candidate in liver cancer treatment and protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed M Awad
- Department of Molecular Biology, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute, University of Sadat City, 32897, Sadat City, Egypt
- Department of Molecular Diagnosis, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute, University of Sadat City, Sadat City, Egypt
| | - Emad Dabous
- Department of Molecular Biology, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute, University of Sadat City, 32897, Sadat City, Egypt
- Department of Molecular Diagnosis, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute, University of Sadat City, Sadat City, Egypt
| | - Mai Alalem
- Department of Molecular Biology, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute, University of Sadat City, 32897, Sadat City, Egypt
- Department of Molecular Diagnosis, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute, University of Sadat City, Sadat City, Egypt
| | - Nedaa Alalem
- Department of Molecular Biology, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute, University of Sadat City, 32897, Sadat City, Egypt
- Department of Molecular Diagnosis, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute, University of Sadat City, Sadat City, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud E Nasr
- Department of Molecular Biology, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute, University of Sadat City, 32897, Sadat City, Egypt
- Department of Molecular Diagnosis, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute, University of Sadat City, Sadat City, Egypt
| | - Khaled A Elawdan
- Department of Molecular Biology, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute, University of Sadat City, 32897, Sadat City, Egypt
- Department of Molecular Diagnosis, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute, University of Sadat City, Sadat City, Egypt
| | - Ghada M Nasr
- Molecular Diagnostics Department, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute, University of Sadat City, Sadat City, Egypt
| | - Walid Said
- Microbiology and Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Benha University, Benha, Egypt
| | - Kareem El Khashab
- Medical Laboratory Department, High Technology Institute of Applied Health Science, Badr Academy for Science and Technology, Badr City, Egypt
| | - Mohamed S Basiouny
- School of Biotechnology, Badr University in Cairo, Badr City, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Adel A Guirgis
- Department of Molecular Biology, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute, University of Sadat City, 32897, Sadat City, Egypt
- Department of Molecular Diagnosis, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute, University of Sadat City, Sadat City, Egypt
| | - Hany Khalil
- Department of Molecular Biology, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute, University of Sadat City, 32897, Sadat City, Egypt.
- Department of Molecular Diagnosis, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute, University of Sadat City, Sadat City, Egypt.
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Feng Y, He C, Liu C, Shao B, Wang D, Wu P. Exploring the Complexity and Promise of Tumor Immunotherapy in Drug Development. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6444. [PMID: 38928150 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25126444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2024] [Revised: 06/06/2024] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Cancer represents a significant threat to human health, and traditional chemotherapy or cytotoxic therapy is no longer the sole or preferred approach for managing malignant tumors. With advanced research into the immunogenicity of tumor cells and the growing elderly population, tumor immunotherapy has emerged as a prominent therapeutic option. Its significance in treating elderly cancer patients is increasingly recognized. In this study, we review the conceptual classifications and benefits of immunotherapy, and discuss recent developments in new drugs and clinical progress in cancer treatment through various immunotherapeutic modalities with different mechanisms. Additionally, we explore the impact of immunosenescence on the effectiveness of cancer immunotherapy and propose innovative and effective strategies to rejuvenate senescent T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiyuan Feng
- School of Basic Medical Sciences and State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Caiying He
- School of Basic Medical Sciences and State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Chang Liu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences and State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Bingjie Shao
- School of Basic Medical Sciences and State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Dong Wang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences and State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Peijie Wu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences and State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
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9
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Sun Q, van de Lisdonk D, Ferrer M, Gegenhuber B, Wu M, Park Y, Tuveson DA, Tollkuhn J, Janowitz T, Li B. Area postrema neurons mediate interleukin-6 function in cancer cachexia. Nat Commun 2024; 15:4682. [PMID: 38824130 PMCID: PMC11144211 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-48971-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Interleukin-6 (IL-6) has been long considered a key player in cancer cachexia. It is believed that sustained elevation of IL-6 production during cancer progression causes brain dysfunctions, which ultimately result in cachexia. However, how peripheral IL-6 influences the brain remains poorly understood. Here we show that neurons in the area postrema (AP), a circumventricular structure in the hindbrain, is a critical mediator of IL-6 function in cancer cachexia in male mice. We find that circulating IL-6 can rapidly enter the AP and activate neurons in the AP and its associated network. Peripheral tumor, known to increase circulating IL-6, leads to elevated IL-6 in the AP, and causes potentiated excitatory synaptic transmission onto AP neurons and AP network hyperactivity. Remarkably, neutralization of IL-6 in the brain of tumor-bearing mice with an anti-IL-6 antibody attenuates cachexia and the hyperactivity in the AP network, and markedly prolongs lifespan. Furthermore, suppression of Il6ra, the gene encoding IL-6 receptor, specifically in AP neurons with CRISPR/dCas9 interference achieves similar effects. Silencing Gfral-expressing AP neurons also attenuates cancer cachectic phenotypes and AP network hyperactivity. Our study identifies a central mechanism underlying the function of peripheral IL-6, which may serve as a target for treating cancer cachexia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingtao Sun
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY, 11724, USA
| | - Daniëlle van de Lisdonk
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY, 11724, USA
- Center for Neuroscience, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Miriam Ferrer
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY, 11724, USA
| | - Bruno Gegenhuber
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY, 11724, USA
| | - Melody Wu
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY, 11724, USA
| | - Youngkyu Park
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY, 11724, USA
| | - David A Tuveson
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY, 11724, USA
| | - Jessica Tollkuhn
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY, 11724, USA
| | - Tobias Janowitz
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY, 11724, USA
| | - Bo Li
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY, 11724, USA.
- Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Hangzhou, 310024, Zhejiang, China.
- School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, 310024, Zhejiang, China.
- Institute of Biology, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou, 310024, Zhejiang, China.
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10
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Gaikwad P, Rahman N, Parikh R, Crespo J, Cohen Z, Williams RM. Optical Nanosensor Passivation Enables Highly Sensitive Detection of the Inflammatory Cytokine Interleukin-6. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:27102-27113. [PMID: 38745465 PMCID: PMC11145596 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c02711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2024] [Revised: 05/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
Interleukin-6 (IL-6) is known to play a critical role in the progression of inflammatory diseases such as cardiovascular disease, cancer, sepsis, viral infection, neurological disease, and autoimmune diseases. Emerging diagnostic and prognostic tools, such as optical nanosensors, experience challenges in translation to the clinic in part due to protein corona formation, dampening their selectivity and sensitivity. To address this problem, we explored the rational screening of several classes of biomolecules to be employed as agents in noncovalent surface passivation as a strategy to screen interference from nonspecific proteins. Findings from this screening were applied to the detection of IL-6 by a fluorescent-antibody-conjugated single-walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT)-based nanosensor. The IL-6 nanosensor exhibited highly sensitive and specific detection after passivation with a polymer, poly-l-lysine, as demonstrated by IL-6 detection in human serum within a clinically relevant range of 25 to 25,000 pg/mL, exhibiting a limit of detection over 3 orders of magnitude lower than prior antibody-conjugated SWCNT sensors. This work holds potential for the rapid and highly sensitive detection of IL-6 in clinical settings with future application to other cytokines or disease-specific biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pooja Gaikwad
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, The City College
of New York, New York, New York 10031, United States of America
- PhD
Program in Chemistry, The Graduate Center
of The City University of New York, New York, New York 10016, United States of America
| | - Nazifa Rahman
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, The City College
of New York, New York, New York 10031, United States of America
| | - Rooshi Parikh
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, The City College
of New York, New York, New York 10031, United States of America
| | - Jalen Crespo
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, The City College
of New York, New York, New York 10031, United States of America
| | - Zachary Cohen
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, The City College
of New York, New York, New York 10031, United States of America
| | - Ryan M. Williams
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, The City College
of New York, New York, New York 10031, United States of America
- PhD
Program in Chemistry, The Graduate Center
of The City University of New York, New York, New York 10016, United States of America
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11
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Lin Y, Zhang L, Ji M, Shen S, Chen Y, Wu S, Wu X, Liu NQ, Lu J. MiR-653-5p drives osteoarthritis pathogenesis by modulating chondrocyte senescence. Arthritis Res Ther 2024; 26:111. [PMID: 38812033 PMCID: PMC11134905 DOI: 10.1186/s13075-024-03334-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Due to the unclear pathogenesis of osteoarthritis (OA), effective treatment for this ailment is presently unavailable. Accumulating evidence points to chondrocyte senescence as a key driver in OA development. This study aims to identify OA-specific microRNAs (miRNAs) targeting chondrocyte senescence to alleviate OA progression. METHODS We screened and identified miRNAs differentially expressed in OA and normal cartilage, then confirmed the impact of miR-653-5p on chondrocyte functions and senescence phenotypes through in vitro experiments with overexpression/silencing. We identified interleukin 6 (IL-6) as the target gene of miR-653-5p and confirmed the regulatory influence of miR-653-5p on the IL-6/JAK/STAT3 signaling pathway through gain/loss-of-function studies. Finally, we assessed the therapeutic efficacy of miR-653-5p on OA using a mouse model with destabilization of the medial meniscus. RESULTS MiR-653-5p was significantly downregulated in cartilage tissues and chondrocytes from OA patients. Overexpression of miR-653-5p promoted chondrocyte matrix synthesis and proliferation while inhibiting chondrocyte senescence. Furthermore, bioinformatics target prediction and the luciferase reporter assays identified IL-6 as a target of miR-653-5p. Western blot assays demonstrated that miR-653-5p overexpression inhibited the protein expression of IL-6, the phosphorylation of JAK1 and STAT3, and the expression of chondrocyte senescence phenotypes by regulating the IL-6/JAK/STAT3 signaling pathway. More importantly, the cartilage destruction was significantly alleviated and chondrocyte senescence phenotypes were remarkably decreased in the OA mouse model treated by agomiR-653-5p compared to the control mice. CONCLUSIONS MiR-653-5p showed a significant decrease in cartilage tissues of individuals with OA, leading to an upregulation of chondrocyte senescence phenotypes in the articular cartilage. AgomiR-653-5p emerges as a potential treatment approach for OA. These findings provide further insight into the role of miR-653-5p in chondrocyte senescence and the pathogenesis of OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yucheng Lin
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Lu Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Nanjing, 210004, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingliang Ji
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Sinuo Shen
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuzhi Chen
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Shichao Wu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Wayne State University of Medicine, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
| | - Xiaotao Wu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Nancy Q Liu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of USC, University of Southern California (USC), Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA.
| | - Jun Lu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
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12
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Herrera-Martínez AD, Navas Romo A, León-Idougourram S, Muñoz-Jiménez C, Rodríguez-Alonso R, Manzano García G, Camacho-Cardenosa M, Casado-Diaz A, Gálvez-Moreno MÁ, Molina Puertas MJ, Jurado Roger A. Systemic Inflammation in Oncologic Patients Undergoing Systemic Treatment and Receiving Whey Protein-Based Nutritional Support. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5821. [PMID: 38892006 PMCID: PMC11171732 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25115821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2024] [Revised: 05/19/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
There is increasing evidence about the role of inflammation in sarcopenia and tumor progression; thus, its modulation would represent a valuable strategy for improving clinical outcomes in patients with cancer. Several studies have reported that whey protein has significant anti-inflammatory and antioxidant characteristics in humans. We aimed to evaluate the effects of whey protein-based oral nutritional support on circulating cytokines in patients with solid tumors undergoing systemic treatment. Forty-six patients with solid tumors of different origin and undergoing systemic treatment were evaluated. Nutritional support with two daily whey protein-based oral supplements was administered. Circulating levels of IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, MCP-1 and IP-10 were determined. Nutritional evaluation included anthropometric, instrumental and biochemical parameters. Over 63% of the evaluated patients underwent surgery, 56.5% required chemotherapy and almost 50% received combined treatment. Patients with resected primary tumor presented with lower baseline IL-6 (p < 0.05) and IP-10 (p < 0.001); after three months of nutritional support, they presented with lower IL-8 (p < 0.05) and tended to present lower IL-6 and IP-10 (p = 0.053 and 0.067, respectively). Significant positive correlations between circulating cytokines, C-reactive protein and ferritin were observed; similarly, negative correlations with anthropometric and biochemical nutritional parameters were noticed (p < 0.05). We did not observe significant changes in circulating cytokine levels (IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, MCP-1 and IP-10) in patients with cancer undergoing systemic treatment after three months of nutritional support with whey protein-based oral supplements. According to a univariate analysis in our cohort, circulating IL-8 was associated with mortality in these patients, additionally, MCP-1 and IP-10 tended to correlate; but an age- and sex-adjusted multivariate analysis revealed that only baseline MCP-1 was significantly associated with mortality (OR 1.03 (95% CI: 1.00-1.05)). In conclusion, surgery of the primary solid tumor and combination treatment allow significant reduction in circulating cytokine levels, which remained stable while patients received nutritional support with whey protein-based oral supplements over three months. The role of MCP-1 as an independent factor for mortality in these patients should be further evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aura D. Herrera-Martínez
- Maimonides Institute for Biomedical Research of Cordoba (IMIBIC), 14004 Córdoba, Spain (S.L.-I.); (C.M.-J.); (M.C.-C.); (M.J.M.P.)
- Endocrinology and Nutrition Service, Reina Sofia University Hospital, 14004 Córdoba, Spain
| | - Ana Navas Romo
- Maimonides Institute for Biomedical Research of Cordoba (IMIBIC), 14004 Córdoba, Spain (S.L.-I.); (C.M.-J.); (M.C.-C.); (M.J.M.P.)
- Clinical Immunology Service, Reina Sofia University Hospital, 14004 Córdoba, Spain
| | - Soraya León-Idougourram
- Maimonides Institute for Biomedical Research of Cordoba (IMIBIC), 14004 Córdoba, Spain (S.L.-I.); (C.M.-J.); (M.C.-C.); (M.J.M.P.)
- Endocrinology and Nutrition Service, Reina Sofia University Hospital, 14004 Córdoba, Spain
| | - Concepción Muñoz-Jiménez
- Maimonides Institute for Biomedical Research of Cordoba (IMIBIC), 14004 Córdoba, Spain (S.L.-I.); (C.M.-J.); (M.C.-C.); (M.J.M.P.)
- Endocrinology and Nutrition Service, Reina Sofia University Hospital, 14004 Córdoba, Spain
| | - Rosa Rodríguez-Alonso
- Maimonides Institute for Biomedical Research of Cordoba (IMIBIC), 14004 Córdoba, Spain (S.L.-I.); (C.M.-J.); (M.C.-C.); (M.J.M.P.)
- Medical Oncology Service, Reina Sofia University Hospital, 14004 Córdoba, Spain
| | - Gregorio Manzano García
- Maimonides Institute for Biomedical Research of Cordoba (IMIBIC), 14004 Córdoba, Spain (S.L.-I.); (C.M.-J.); (M.C.-C.); (M.J.M.P.)
- Endocrinology and Nutrition Service, Reina Sofia University Hospital, 14004 Córdoba, Spain
| | - Marta Camacho-Cardenosa
- Maimonides Institute for Biomedical Research of Cordoba (IMIBIC), 14004 Córdoba, Spain (S.L.-I.); (C.M.-J.); (M.C.-C.); (M.J.M.P.)
| | - Antonio Casado-Diaz
- Maimonides Institute for Biomedical Research of Cordoba (IMIBIC), 14004 Córdoba, Spain (S.L.-I.); (C.M.-J.); (M.C.-C.); (M.J.M.P.)
- CIBER Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 08003 Madrid, Spain
| | - María Ángeles Gálvez-Moreno
- Maimonides Institute for Biomedical Research of Cordoba (IMIBIC), 14004 Córdoba, Spain (S.L.-I.); (C.M.-J.); (M.C.-C.); (M.J.M.P.)
- Endocrinology and Nutrition Service, Reina Sofia University Hospital, 14004 Córdoba, Spain
| | - María José Molina Puertas
- Maimonides Institute for Biomedical Research of Cordoba (IMIBIC), 14004 Córdoba, Spain (S.L.-I.); (C.M.-J.); (M.C.-C.); (M.J.M.P.)
- Endocrinology and Nutrition Service, Reina Sofia University Hospital, 14004 Córdoba, Spain
| | - Aurora Jurado Roger
- Maimonides Institute for Biomedical Research of Cordoba (IMIBIC), 14004 Córdoba, Spain (S.L.-I.); (C.M.-J.); (M.C.-C.); (M.J.M.P.)
- Clinical Immunology Service, Reina Sofia University Hospital, 14004 Córdoba, Spain
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Yin Y, Wang Y, Wang C, Zhang Y, Qi A, Song J, Xu L, Yang W, Jiao L. Predicting the mechanism of action of YQYYJD prescription in the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer using transcriptomics analysis. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 326:117984. [PMID: 38428661 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2024.117984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Revised: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 02/25/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The efficacy of the herbal formula Yiqi Yangyin Jiedu (YQYYJD) in the treatment of advanced lung cancer has been reported in clinical trials. However, the key anti-lung cancer herbs and molecular mechanisms underlying its inhibition of lung cancer are not well-understood. AIM OF THE STUDY To identify the key anti-lung cancer herbs in the YQYYJD formula and investigate their therapeutic effect and potential mechanism of action in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) using transcriptomics and bioinformatics techniques. MATERIALS AND METHODS A mouse Lewis lung carcinoma (LLC) subcutaneous inhibitory tumor model was established with 6 mice in each group. Mice were treated with the YQYYJD split formula: Yiqi Formula (YQ), Yangyin Formula (YY), and Ruanjian Jiedu Formula (RJJD) for 14 days. The tumor volume and mouse weight were recorded, and the status of tumor occurrence was further observed by taking photos. The tumor was stained with hematoxylin-eosin to observe its histopathological changes. Immunohistochemistry was used to detect the expression of the proliferation marker Ki67 and the apoptotic marker Caspase-3 in tumor tissues. Flow cytometry was used to detect the number of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells and cytokines interleukin-2 (IL-2) and interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) in the spleen and tumor tissues. The differential genes of key drugs against tumors were obtained by transcriptome sequencing of tumors. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Gene and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analyses were performed on differential genes to obtain pathways and biological processes where targets were aggregated. TIMER2.0 and TISIDB databases were used to evaluate the impact of drugs on immune cell infiltration and immune-related genes. The binding activity of the key targets and compounds was verified by molecular docking. RESULTS YQ, YY, and RJJD inhibited the growth of subcutaneous transplanted tumors in LLC mice to varying degrees and achieved antitumor effects by inhibiting the expression of tumor cell proliferation, apoptosis, and metastasis-related proteins. Among the three disassembled prescriptions, YQ better inhibited the growth of subcutaneous transplanted tumors in LLC mice, significantly promoted tumor necrosis, significantly increased the expression of Caspase-3 protein in tumor tissue, and significantly decreased the expression of Ki-67 (P < 0.05), thereby increasing the infiltration of CD8+ T cells. YQ significantly increased the expression of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in tumor and splenic tissues of tumor-bearing mice and up-regulated the expression of IL-2 and IFN-γ. Transcriptome sequencing and bioinformatics results showed that after YQ intervention, differentially expressed genes were enriched in more than one tumor-related pathway and multiple immune regulation-related biological functions. There were 12 key immune-related target genes. CONCLUSION YQ was the key disassembled prescription of YQYYJD, exerting significant antitumor effects and immune regulation effects on NSCLC. It may have relieved T cell exhaustion and regulated the immune microenvironment to exert antitumor effects by changing lung cancer-related targets, pathways, and biological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinan Yin
- Department of Oncology, Yue Yang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yichao Wang
- Department of Oncology, Yue Yang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chengyan Wang
- Department of Oncology, Jing'an Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yilu Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Yue Yang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ao Qi
- Department of Oncology, Yue Yang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiajun Song
- Department of Oncology, Yue Yang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ling Xu
- Department of Oncology, Yue Yang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China; Institute of Translational Cancer Research for Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenxiao Yang
- Department of Oncology, Yue Yang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Lijing Jiao
- Department of Oncology, Yue Yang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China; Institute of Translational Cancer Research for Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.
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14
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Yan M, Zheng X, Lin Y, Zheng X, Xi K, Gao Y, Wang H, Li Y, Liu C. Effects of Smilax China L. extracts on Hyperuricemia chicken model via inhibiting xanthine oxidase activity. Poult Sci 2024; 103:103887. [PMID: 38861845 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2024.103887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Revised: 05/11/2024] [Accepted: 05/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Hyperuricemia (HUA) is a metabolic disorder caused by excessive production of uric acid (UA) or impaired uric acid metabolism. Smilax China L. has a wide range of pharmacological activities such as immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant. Its roots and rhizomes have been widely used for the treatment of HUA. However, its mechanisms for treating HUA and reducing renal impairment have not been fully elucidated. In the present study, we evaluated the effect of Smilax China L. extract (SC) on UA metabolism and further explored its mechanism of action by feeding a high-calcium and high-protein diet to chickens to induce a model of HUA in chickens. SC significantly reduced serum UA levels and improved renal function in hyperuricemic chickens. Meanwhile, SC was able to inhibit the activity of xanthine oxidase (XOD) in vivo and in vitro, reducing the production of uric acid. In addition, SC was able to increase the expression of Breast Cancer Resistance Protein (BCRP) in the kidney and ileum and increase uric acid excretion. Therefore, our results suggest that SC may be a candidate for anti-hyperuricemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingen Yan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, China
| | - Xiaoman Zheng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, China
| | - Yongshi Lin
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, China
| | - Xirui Zheng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, China
| | - Kailun Xi
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, China
| | - Yun Gao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, China
| | - Huiting Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, China
| | - Yaoxing Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, China
| | - Cui Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, China; Guangdong Technology Research Center for Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine and Nature Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, China.
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15
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Gong ZX, Li GL, Dong WM, Xu Z, Li R, Lv WX, Yang J, Li ZX, Xing W. Waist subcutaneous soft tissue metastasis of rectal mucinous adenocarcinoma: A case report. World J Clin Cases 2024; 12:2412-2419. [PMID: 38765752 PMCID: PMC11099417 DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v12.i14.2412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2024] [Revised: 03/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rectal mucinous adenocarcinoma (MAC) is a rare pathological type of rectal cancer with unique pathological features and a poor prognosis. It is difficult to diagnose and treat early because of the lack of specific manifestations in some aspects of the disease. The common metastatic organs of rectal cancer are the liver and lung; however, rectal carcinoma with metastasis to subcutaneous soft tissue is a rare finding. CASE SUMMARY In this report, the clinical data, diagnosis and treatment process, and postoperative pathological features of a patient with left waist subcutaneous soft tissue masses were retrospectively analyzed. The patient underwent surgical treatment after admission and recovered well after surgery. The final pathological diagnosis was rectal MAC with left waist subcutaneous soft tissue metastasis. CONCLUSION Subcutaneous soft tissue metastasis of rectal MAC is rare, and it can suggest that the tumor is disseminated, and it can appear even earlier than the primary malignant tumor, which is occult and leads to a missed diagnosis and misdiagnosis clinically. When a subcutaneous soft tissue mass of unknown origin appears in a patient with rectal cancer, a malignant tumor should be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi-Xing Gong
- Department of General Surgery, Hebei Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang 050011, Hebei Province, China
| | - Guo-Lei Li
- Department of General Surgery, Hebei Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang 050011, Hebei Province, China
| | - Wen-Min Dong
- Department of General Surgery, Hebei Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang 050011, Hebei Province, China
| | - Zhao Xu
- Department of General Surgery, Hebei Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang 050011, Hebei Province, China
| | - Rui Li
- Department of Medical Imaging, Hebei Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang 050011, Hebei Province, China
| | - Wen-Xia Lv
- Department of Pathology, Hebei Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang 050011, Hebei Province, China
| | - Jing Yang
- Department of Gastroendoscopy, Hebei Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang 050011, Hebei Province, China
| | - Zhong-Xin Li
- Gastrointestinal Disease Diagnosis and Treatment Center, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050000, Hebei Province, China
| | - Wei Xing
- Department of General Surgery, Hebei Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang 050011, Hebei Province, China
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16
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Ramirez JA, Jiménez MC, Ospina V, Rivera BS, Fiorentino S, Barreto A, Restrepo LM. The secretome from human-derived mesenchymal stem cells augments the activity of antitumor plant extracts in vitro. Histochem Cell Biol 2024; 161:409-421. [PMID: 38402366 PMCID: PMC11045572 DOI: 10.1007/s00418-024-02265-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/26/2024]
Abstract
Cancer is understood as a multifactorial disease that involve multiple cell types and phenotypes in the tumor microenvironment (TME). The components of the TME can interact directly or via soluble factors (cytokines, chemokines, growth factors, extracellular vesicles, etc.). Among the cells composing the TME, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) appear as a population with debated properties since it has been seen that they can both promote or attenuate tumor progression. For various authors, the main mechanism of interaction of MSCs is through their secretome, the set of molecules secreted into the extracellular milieu, recruiting, and influencing the behavior of other cells in inflammatory environments where they normally reside, such as wounds and tumors. Natural products have been studied as possible cancer treatments, appealing to synergisms between the molecules in their composition; thus, extracts obtained from Petiveria alliacea (Anamu-SC) and Caesalpinia spinosa (P2Et) have been produced and studied previously on different models, showing promising results. The effect of plant extracts on the MSC secretome has been poorly studied, especially in the context of the TME. Here, we studied the effect of Anamu-SC and P2Et extracts in the human adipose-derived MSC (hAMSC)-tumor cell interaction as a TME model. We also investigated the influence of the hAMSC secretome, in combination with these natural products, on tumor cell hallmarks such as viability, clonogenicity, and migration. In addition, hAMSC gene expression and protein synthesis were evaluated for some key factors in tumor progression in the presence of the extracts by reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) and Multiplex, respectively. It was found that the presence of the hAMSC secretome did not affect the cytotoxic or clonogenicity-reducing activities of the natural extracts on cancer cells, and even this secretome can inhibit the migration of these tumor cells, in addition to the fact that the profile of molecules can be modified by natural products. Overall, our findings demonstrate that hAMSC secretome participation in TME interactions can favor the antitumor activities of natural products.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A Ramirez
- Grupo Ingeniería de Tejidos y Terapías Celulares, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia, Carrera 51 A No 62-42, Medellín, Colombia
| | - M C Jiménez
- Grupo de Inmunobiología y Biología Celular, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Cra 7 No 40-62, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - V Ospina
- Grupo Ingeniería de Tejidos y Terapías Celulares, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia, Carrera 51 A No 62-42, Medellín, Colombia
| | - B S Rivera
- Grupo Ingeniería de Tejidos y Terapías Celulares, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia, Carrera 51 A No 62-42, Medellín, Colombia
| | - S Fiorentino
- Grupo de Inmunobiología y Biología Celular, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Cra 7 No 40-62, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - A Barreto
- Grupo de Inmunobiología y Biología Celular, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Cra 7 No 40-62, Bogotá, Colombia.
| | - L M Restrepo
- Grupo Ingeniería de Tejidos y Terapías Celulares, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia, Carrera 51 A No 62-42, Medellín, Colombia
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17
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Lee J, Han Y, Kim S, Jo H, Wang W, Cho U, Kim SI, Kim B, Song YS. Mitochondrial fission enhances IL-6-induced metastatic potential in ovarian cancer via ERK1/2 activation. Cancer Sci 2024; 115:1536-1550. [PMID: 38433313 DOI: 10.1111/cas.16064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is a lethal gynecologic cancer mostly diagnosed in an advanced stage with an accumulation of ascites. Interleukin-6 (IL-6), a pro-inflammatory cytokine is highly elevated in malignant ascites and plays a pleiotropic role in cancer progression. Mitochondria are dynamic organelles that undergo fission and fusion in response to external stimuli and dysregulation in their dynamics has been implicated in cancer progression and metastasis. Here, we investigate the effect of IL-6 on mitochondrial dynamics in ovarian cancer cells (OVCs) and its impact on metastatic potential. Treatment with IL-6 on ovarian cancer cell lines (SKOV3 and PA-1) led to an elevation in the metastatic potential of OVCs. Interestingly, a positive association was observed between dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp1), a regulator of mitochondrial fission, and IL-6R in metastatic ovarian cancer tissues. Additionally, IL-6 treatment on OVCs was linked to the activation of Drp1, with a notable increase in the ratio of the inhibitory form p-Drp1(S637) to the active form p-Drp1(S616), indicating enhanced mitochondrial fission. Moreover, IL-6 treatment triggered the activation of ERK1/2, and inhibiting ERK1/2 mitigated IL-6-induced mitochondrial fission. Suppressing mitochondrial fission through siRNA transfection and a pharmacological inhibitor reduced the IL-6-induced migration and invasion of OVCs. This was further supported by 3D invasion assays using patient-derived spheroids. Altogether, our study suggests the role of mitochondrial fission in the metastatic potential of OVCs induced by IL-6. The inhibition of mitochondrial fission could be a potential therapeutic approach to suppress the metastasis of ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juwon Lee
- WCU Biomodulation, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
- Cancer Research Institute, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Youngjin Han
- Cancer Research Institute, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Soochi Kim
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
- Paul F. Glenn Laboratories for the Biology of Aging, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - HyunA Jo
- WCU Biomodulation, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
- Cancer Research Institute, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Wenyu Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Untack Cho
- Cancer Research Institute, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Se Ik Kim
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Boyun Kim
- Department of SmartBio, College of Life and Health Science, Kyungsung University, Busan, Korea
| | - Yong Sang Song
- WCU Biomodulation, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
- Cancer Research Institute, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
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18
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Dadgar N, Sherry C, Zimmerman J, Park H, Lewis C, Donnenberg A, Zaidi AH, Fan Y, Xiao K, Bartlett D, Donnenberg V, Wagner PL. Targeting interleukin-6 as a treatment approach for peritoneal carcinomatosis. J Transl Med 2024; 22:402. [PMID: 38689325 PMCID: PMC11061933 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-024-05205-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Peritoneal carcinomatosis (PC) is a complex manifestation of abdominal cancers, with a poor prognosis and limited treatment options. Recent work identifying high concentrations of the cytokine interleukin-6 (IL-6) and its soluble receptor (sIL-6-Rα) in the peritoneal cavity of patients with PC has highlighted this pathway as an emerging potential therapeutic target. This review article provides a comprehensive overview of the current understanding of the potential role of IL-6 in the development and progression of PC. We discuss mechansims by which the IL-6 pathway may contribute to peritoneal tumor dissemination, mesothelial adhesion and invasion, stromal invasion and proliferation, and immune response modulation. Finally, we review the prospects for targeting the IL-6 pathway in the treatment of PC, focusing on common sites of origin, including ovarian, gastric, pancreatic, colorectal and appendiceal cancer, and mesothelioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neda Dadgar
- Translational Hematology & Oncology Research, Enterprise Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - Christopher Sherry
- Allegheny Health Network Cancer Institute, 314 E. North Ave, Pittsburgh, PA, 15212, USA
| | - Jenna Zimmerman
- Allegheny Health Network Cancer Institute, 314 E. North Ave, Pittsburgh, PA, 15212, USA
| | - Hyun Park
- Allegheny Health Network Cancer Institute, 314 E. North Ave, Pittsburgh, PA, 15212, USA
| | - Catherine Lewis
- Allegheny Health Network Cancer Institute, 314 E. North Ave, Pittsburgh, PA, 15212, USA
| | - Albert Donnenberg
- Allegheny Health Network Cancer Institute, 314 E. North Ave, Pittsburgh, PA, 15212, USA
| | - Ali H Zaidi
- Allegheny Health Network Cancer Institute, 314 E. North Ave, Pittsburgh, PA, 15212, USA
| | - Yong Fan
- Allegheny Health Network Cancer Institute, 314 E. North Ave, Pittsburgh, PA, 15212, USA
| | - Kunhong Xiao
- Center for Proteomics & Artificial Intelligence, Center for Clinical Mass Spectrometry, Allegheny Health Network Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, PA, 15224, USA
| | - David Bartlett
- Allegheny Health Network Cancer Institute, 314 E. North Ave, Pittsburgh, PA, 15212, USA
| | - Vera Donnenberg
- University of Pittsburgh School of MedicineDepartment of Cardiothoracic SurgeryUPMC Hillman Cancer Center Wagner, Patrick; Allegheny Health Network Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, USA
| | - Patrick L Wagner
- Allegheny Health Network Cancer Institute, 314 E. North Ave, Pittsburgh, PA, 15212, USA.
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19
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Bruss C, Albert V, Seitz S, Blaimer S, Kellner K, Pohl F, Ortmann O, Brockhoff G, Wege AK. Neoadjuvant radiotherapy in ER +, HER2 +, and triple-negative -specific breast cancer based humanized tumor mice enhances anti-PD-L1 treatment efficacy. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1355130. [PMID: 38742103 PMCID: PMC11089195 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1355130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Pre-operative radiation therapy is not currently integrated into the treatment protocols for breast cancer. However, transforming immunological "cold" breast cancers by neoadjuvant irradiation into their "hot" variants is supposed to elicit an endogenous tumor immune defense and, thus, enhance immunotherapy efficiency. We investigated cellular and immunological effects of sub-lethal, neoadjuvant irradiation of ER pos., HER2 pos., and triple-negative breast cancer subtypes in-vitro and in-vivo in humanized tumor mice (HTM). This mouse model is characterized by a human-like immune system and therefore facilitates detailed analysis of the mechanisms and efficiency of neoadjuvant, irradiation-induced "in-situ vaccination", especially in the context of concurrently applied checkpoint therapy. Similar to clinical appearances, we observed a gradually increased immunogenicity from the luminal over the HER2-pos. to the triple negative subtype in HTM indicated by an increasing immune cell infiltration into the tumor tissue. Anti-PD-L1 therapy divided the HER2-pos. and triple negative HTM groups into responder and non-responder, while the luminal HTMs were basically irresponsive. Irradiation alone was effective in the HER2-pos. and luminal subtype-specific HTM and was supportive for overcoming irresponsiveness to single anti-PD-L1 treatment. The treatment success correlated with a significantly increased T cell proportion and PD-1 expression in the spleen. In all subtype-specific HTM combination therapy proved most effective in diminishing tumor growth, enhancing the immune response, and converted non-responder into responder during anti-PD-L1 therapy. In HTM, neoadjuvant irradiation reinforced anti-PD-L1 checkpoint treatment of breast cancer in a subtype -specific manner. According to the "bench to bedside" principle, this study offers a vital foundation for clinical translating the use of neoadjuvant irradiation in the context of checkpoint therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Bruss
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Medical Center Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
- Bavarian Cancer Research Center (BZKF), Regensburg, Germany
| | - Veruschka Albert
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Medical Center Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
- Bavarian Cancer Research Center (BZKF), Regensburg, Germany
| | - Stephan Seitz
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Medical Center Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
- Bavarian Cancer Research Center (BZKF), Regensburg, Germany
| | - Stephanie Blaimer
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Medical Center Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
- Bavarian Cancer Research Center (BZKF), Regensburg, Germany
| | - Kerstin Kellner
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Medical Center Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
- Bavarian Cancer Research Center (BZKF), Regensburg, Germany
| | - Fabian Pohl
- Bavarian Cancer Research Center (BZKF), Regensburg, Germany
- Department of Radiotherapy, University Medical Center Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Olaf Ortmann
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Medical Center Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
- Bavarian Cancer Research Center (BZKF), Regensburg, Germany
| | - Gero Brockhoff
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Medical Center Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
- Bavarian Cancer Research Center (BZKF), Regensburg, Germany
| | - Anja K. Wege
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Medical Center Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
- Bavarian Cancer Research Center (BZKF), Regensburg, Germany
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20
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Nisar H, Sanchidrián González PM, Labonté FM, Schmitz C, Roggan MD, Kronenberg J, Konda B, Chevalier F, Hellweg CE. NF-κB in the Radiation Response of A549 Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Cells to X-rays and Carbon Ions under Hypoxia. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4495. [PMID: 38674080 PMCID: PMC11050661 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25084495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Revised: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Cellular hypoxia, detectable in up to 80% of non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) tumors, is a known cause of radioresistance. High linear energy transfer (LET) particle radiation might be effective in the treatment of hypoxic solid tumors, including NSCLC. Cellular hypoxia can activate nuclear factor κB (NF-κB), which can modulate radioresistance by influencing cancer cell survival. The effect of high-LET radiation on NF-κB activation in hypoxic NSCLC cells is unclear. Therefore, we compared the effect of low (X-rays)- and high (12C)-LET radiation on NF-κB responsive genes' upregulation, as well as its target cytokines' synthesis in normoxic and hypoxic A549 NSCLC cells. The cells were incubated under normoxia (20% O2) or hypoxia (1% O2) for 48 h, followed by irradiation with 8 Gy X-rays or 12C ions, maintaining the oxygen conditions until fixation or lysis. Regulation of NF-κB responsive genes was evaluated by mRNA sequencing. Secretion of NF-κB target cytokines, IL-6 and IL-8, was quantified by ELISA. A greater fold change increase in expression of NF-κB target genes in A549 cells following exposure to 12C ions compared to X-rays was observed, regardless of oxygenation status. These genes regulate cell migration, cell cycle, and cell survival. A greater number of NF-κB target genes was activated under hypoxia, regardless of irradiation status. These genes regulate cell migration, survival, proliferation, and inflammation. X-ray exposure under hypoxia additionally upregulated NF-κB target genes modulating immunosurveillance and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Increased IL-6 and IL-8 secretion under hypoxia confirmed NF-κB-mediated expression of pro-inflammatory genes. Therefore, radiotherapy, particularly with X-rays, may increase tumor invasiveness in surviving hypoxic A549 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hasan Nisar
- Department of Radiation Biology, Institute of Aerospace Medicine, German Aerospace Center (DLR), 51147 Cologne, Germany; (H.N.); (P.M.S.G.); (J.K.); (B.K.)
- Department of Medical Sciences, Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences (PIEAS), Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
| | - Paulina Mercedes Sanchidrián González
- Department of Radiation Biology, Institute of Aerospace Medicine, German Aerospace Center (DLR), 51147 Cologne, Germany; (H.N.); (P.M.S.G.); (J.K.); (B.K.)
| | - Frederik M. Labonté
- Department of Radiation Biology, Institute of Aerospace Medicine, German Aerospace Center (DLR), 51147 Cologne, Germany; (H.N.); (P.M.S.G.); (J.K.); (B.K.)
| | - Claudia Schmitz
- Department of Radiation Biology, Institute of Aerospace Medicine, German Aerospace Center (DLR), 51147 Cologne, Germany; (H.N.); (P.M.S.G.); (J.K.); (B.K.)
| | - Marie Denise Roggan
- Department of Radiation Biology, Institute of Aerospace Medicine, German Aerospace Center (DLR), 51147 Cologne, Germany; (H.N.); (P.M.S.G.); (J.K.); (B.K.)
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Jessica Kronenberg
- Department of Radiation Biology, Institute of Aerospace Medicine, German Aerospace Center (DLR), 51147 Cologne, Germany; (H.N.); (P.M.S.G.); (J.K.); (B.K.)
- Microgravity User Support Center (MUSC), German Aerospace Center (DLR), 51147 Cologne, Germany
| | - Bikash Konda
- Department of Radiation Biology, Institute of Aerospace Medicine, German Aerospace Center (DLR), 51147 Cologne, Germany; (H.N.); (P.M.S.G.); (J.K.); (B.K.)
| | - François Chevalier
- UMR6252 CIMAP, CEA-CNRS-ENSICAEN-University of Caen Normandy, 14000 Caen, France;
| | - Christine E. Hellweg
- Department of Radiation Biology, Institute of Aerospace Medicine, German Aerospace Center (DLR), 51147 Cologne, Germany; (H.N.); (P.M.S.G.); (J.K.); (B.K.)
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21
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Mirjačić Martinović K, Vuletić A, Tišma Miletić N, Matković S, Gavrilović D, Ninković A, Jurišić V, Babović N. Circulating IL-6 is associated with disease progression in BRAFwt metastatic melanoma patients receiving anti-PD-1 therapy. J Clin Pathol 2024; 77:343-351. [PMID: 36754615 DOI: 10.1136/jcp-2022-208615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Despite efficacy of anti-PD-1 blockade in treatment of metastatic melanoma (MM), many patients achieve rapid disease progression (DP). Therefore, the aim of this study is to better define biomarkers for DP by analysing levels of circulating cytokines TGF-β, IFN-γ, IL-6, IL-8 and IL-10 in MM patients prior to anti-PD-1 therapy. METHODS Cytokine levels were evaluated before therapy with pembrolizumab in peripheral blood of BRAF wild-type (wt) MM patients by ELISA method. RESULTS In this study, we give pretherapy levels for circulating TGF-β, IFN-γ, IL-6, IL-8 and IL-10 in BRAFwt MM patients and analyse them according to metastasis stage (M1a+M1 b, M1c, M1d groups), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) level and occurrence of DP. Increased IL-6 level was found in M1d group (central nervous system metastasis), while LDH+patients (LDH ≥460 IU/L) have increased IL-6 and IL-8 values that correlate with LDH level. Also, IL-6 correlates with C reactive protein values. Furthermore, patients with DP have significantly higher IL-6 level compared with non-DP patients. Conversely, the other analysed cytokines are similar in investigated groups of MM patients. By receiver operating characteristics curve analysis, pretherapy IL-6 level was found to be a biomarker for the occurrence of DP with cut-off value of 3.02 pg/mL. Patients in M1d stage are prevalent in the group with IL-6 ≥3.02 pg/mL that is characterised with reduced progression-free survival and higher pretherapy IL-8 and LDH. CONCLUSION The evidence in this study implies that baseline IL-6 could be a biomarker of DP and poor prognosis in BRAFwt MM patients treated with pembrolizumab.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarina Mirjačić Martinović
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Institute of Oncology and Radiology of Serbia, Pasterova 14, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ana Vuletić
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Institute of Oncology and Radiology of Serbia, Pasterova 14, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Nevena Tišma Miletić
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Institute of Oncology and Radiology of Serbia, Pasterova 14, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Suzana Matković
- Department of Medical Oncology, Institute of Oncology and Radiology of Serbia, Pasterova 14, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Dušica Gavrilović
- Data Centre, Institute of Oncology and Radiology of Serbia, Pasterova 14, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Aleksandra Ninković
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Oncology and Radiology of Serbia, Pasterova 14, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Vladimir Jurišić
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Nada Babović
- Department of Medical Oncology, Institute of Oncology and Radiology of Serbia, Pasterova 14, Belgrade, Serbia
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22
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Rathor R, Suryakumar G. Myokines: A central point in managing redox homeostasis and quality of life. Biofactors 2024. [PMID: 38572958 DOI: 10.1002/biof.2054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
Redox homeostasis is a crucial phenomenon that is obligatory for maintaining the healthy status of cells. However, the loss of redox homeostasis may lead to numerous diseases that ultimately result in a compromised quality of life. Skeletal muscle is an endocrine organ that secretes hundreds of myokines. Myokines are peptides and cytokines produced and released by muscle fibers. Skeletal muscle secreted myokines act as a robust modulator for regulating cellular metabolism and redox homeostasis which play a prime role in managing and improving metabolic function in multiple organs. Further, the secretory myokines maintain redox homeostasis not only in muscles but also in other organs of the body via stabilizing oxidants and antioxidant levels. Myokines are also engaged in maintaining mitochondrial dynamics as mitochondria is a central point for the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Ergo, myokines also act as a central player in communicating signals to other organs, including the pancreas, gut, liver, bone, adipose tissue, brain, and skin via their autocrine, paracrine, or endocrine effects. The present review provides a comprehensive overview of skeletal muscle-secreted myokines in managing redox homeostasis and quality of life. Additionally, probable strategies will be discussed that provide a solution for a better quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richa Rathor
- Defence Institute of Physiology & Allied Sciences (DIPAS), Defence Research and Development Organization (DRDO), Ministry of Defence, Delhi, India
| | - Geetha Suryakumar
- Defence Institute of Physiology & Allied Sciences (DIPAS), Defence Research and Development Organization (DRDO), Ministry of Defence, Delhi, India
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23
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Swaroop AK, Negi P, Kar A, Mariappan E, Natarajan J, Namboori P K K, Selvaraj J. Navigating IL-6: From molecular mechanisms to therapeutic breakthroughs. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2024; 76:48-76. [PMID: 38220583 DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2023.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
This concise review navigates the intricate realm of Interleukin-6 (IL-6), an important member of the cytokine family. Beginning with an introduction to cytokines, this narrative review unfolds with the historical journey of IL-6, illuminating its evolving significance. A crucial section unravels the three distinct signaling modes employed by IL-6, providing a foundational understanding of its versatile interactions within cellular landscapes. Moving deeper, the review meticulously dissects IL-6's signaling mechanisms, unraveling the complexities of its pleiotropic effects in both physiological responses and pathological conditions. A significant focus is dedicated to the essential role IL-6 plays in inflammatory diseases, offering insights into its associations and implications for various health conditions. The review also takes a therapeutic turn by exploring the emergence of anti-IL-6 monoclonal inhibitors, marking a profound stride in treatment modalities. Diving into the molecular realm, the review explores small molecules as agents for IL-6 inhibition, providing a nuanced perspective on diverse intervention strategies. As the review embarks on the final chapters, it contemplates future aspects, offering glimpses into potential research trajectories and the evolving landscape of IL-6-related studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akey Krishna Swaroop
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Ooty, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Preeya Negi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Ooty, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Ayushi Kar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Ooty, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Esakkimuthukumar Mariappan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Ooty, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Jawahar Natarajan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Ooty, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Krishnan Namboori P K
- Amrita Molecular Modeling and Synthesis (AMMAS) Research lab, Amrita Vishwavidyapeetham, Amrita Nagar, Ettimadai, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Jubie Selvaraj
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Ooty, Tamil Nadu, India.
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24
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Oshin M, Kulkarni PG, D SPR, Deepthi G, S KS, S JK. Salivary and Serum Interleukin-6: A Credible Marker for Predicting Oral Leukoplakia and Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma by Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA). Cureus 2024; 16:e59113. [PMID: 38803729 PMCID: PMC11128725 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.59113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is the most prevalent subtype of oral cancer. Detecting oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMDs) in their early stages is crucial to prevent their advancement into OSCC. One of the primary factors contributing to OSCC is tobacco use, which can lead to increased production of cytokines. Among these cytokines, interleukin-6 (IL-6), an immune molecule involved in inflammation, may serve as a valuable indicator for assessing the progression of OPMDs and OSCCs. AIMS The aim of this study is to assess the levels of IL6 in both serum and saliva using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) technique and to determine the prognostic value of these measurements in individuals with oral leukoplakia and OSCC. MATERIALS AND METHODS The research involved 45 participants, who were categorized into three groups: OSCC (15), leukoplakia (15), and a control group consisting of healthy individuals (15). Saliva and serum samples were collected from each individual within all three groups and analyzed using the ELISA method. Subsequently, the gathered data underwent statistical analysis for evaluation. RESULTS There were elevated levels of IL-6 in both saliva and serum among individuals with OSCC in comparison to those with leukoplakia and the healthy control group, and this difference was statistically significant. The analysis of ROC (Receiver Operating Characteristic) curves demonstrated that salivary IL-6 was a more effective indicator than serum IL-6 for detecting the advancement of OSCC. As the histological grade of differentiation increased in both OSCC and leukoplakia cases, there was a corresponding rise in salivary IL-6 levels. CONCLUSION Both salivary and serum IL-6 levels have the potential to serve as valuable prognostic biomarkers for oral leukoplakia and OSCC which shows possible involvement of IL-6 in the development and progression of these conditions. Salivary IL-6 is a superior prognostic marker compared to serum IL-6 due to its non-invasive nature which makes it a useful tool for mass screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary Oshin
- Department of Oral Pathology, Kamineni Institute of Dental Sciences, Narketpally, IND
| | - Pavan G Kulkarni
- Department of Oral Pathology, Kamineni Institute of Dental Sciences, Narketpally, IND
| | - Shyam Prasad Reddy D
- Department of Oral Pathology, Kamineni Institute of Dental Sciences, Narketpally, IND
| | - G Deepthi
- Department of Oral Pathology, Kamineni Institute of Dental Sciences, Narketpally, IND
| | - Keerthi Sai S
- Department of Oral Pathology, Kamineni Institute of Dental Sciences, Narketpally, IND
| | - Jishnu K S
- Department of Computing Technologies, Sri Ramaswamy Memorial (SRM) Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, IND
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25
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Terzi EM, Possemato R. Iron, Copper, and Selenium: Cancer's Thing for Redox Bling. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med 2024; 14:a041545. [PMID: 37932129 PMCID: PMC10982729 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a041545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2023]
Abstract
Cells require micronutrients for numerous basic functions. Among these, iron, copper, and selenium are particularly critical for redox metabolism, and their importance is heightened during oncogene-driven perturbations in cancer. In this review, which particularly focuses on iron, we describe how these micronutrients are carefully chaperoned about the body and made available to tissues, a process that is designed to limit the toxicity of free iron and copper or by-products of selenium metabolism. We delineate perturbations in iron metabolism and iron-dependent proteins that are observed in cancer, and describe the current approaches being used to target iron metabolism and iron-dependent processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erdem M Terzi
- Department of Pathology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York 10016, USA
- Laura and Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York, New York 10016, USA
| | - Richard Possemato
- Department of Pathology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York 10016, USA
- Laura and Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York, New York 10016, USA
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26
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Yadav P, Rana K, Nardini V, Khan A, Pani T, Kar A, Jain D, Chakraborty R, Singh R, Jha SK, Mehta D, Sharma H, Sharma RD, Deo SVS, Sengupta S, Patil VS, Faccioli LH, Dasgupta U, Bajaj A. Engineered nanomicelles inhibit the tumour progression via abrogating the prostaglandin-mediated immunosuppression. J Control Release 2024; 368:548-565. [PMID: 38462044 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2024.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2023] [Revised: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
Cancer treatment is challenged due to immunosuppressive inflammatory tumour microenvironment (TME) caused by infiltration of tumour-promoting and inhibition of tumour-inhibiting immune cells. Here, we report the engineering of chimeric nanomicelles (NMs) targeting the cell proliferation using docetaxel (DTX) and inflammation using dexamethasone (DEX) that alters the immunosuppressive TME. We show that a combination of phospholipid-DTX conjugate and PEGylated-lipid-DEX conjugate can self-assemble to form sub-100 nm chimeric NMs (DTX-DEX NMs). Anti-cancer activities against syngeneic and xenograft mouse models showed that the DTX-DEX NMs are more effective in tumour regression, enhance the survival of mice over other treatment modes, and alter the tumour stroma. DTX-DEX NMs cause a significant reduction in myeloid-derived suppressor cells, alter the polarization of macrophages, and enhance the accumulation of cytotoxic CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in tumour tissues, along with alterations in cytokine expression. We further demonstrated that these DTX-DEX NMs inhibit the synthesis of prostaglandins, especially PGE2, by targeting the cyclooxygenase 2 that is partly responsible for immunosuppressive TME. Therefore, this study presents, for the first time, the engineering of lithocholic acid-derived chimeric NMs that affect the prostaglandin pathway, alter the TME, and mitigate tumour progression with enhanced mice survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Poonam Yadav
- Laboratory of Nanotechnology and Chemical Biology, Regional Centre for Biotechnology, 3(rd) Milestone Faridabad-Gurgaon Expressway, NCR Biotech Cluster, Faridabad 121001, Haryana, India
| | - Kajal Rana
- Laboratory of Nanotechnology and Chemical Biology, Regional Centre for Biotechnology, 3(rd) Milestone Faridabad-Gurgaon Expressway, NCR Biotech Cluster, Faridabad 121001, Haryana, India
| | - Viviani Nardini
- Department of Clinical, Toxicological and Bromatological Analysis, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Av do Café, s.n, Ribeirão Preto 14040-903, SP, Brazil
| | - Ali Khan
- Amity Institute of Integrative Sciences and Health, Amity University Haryana, Manesar, Gurgaon 122413, Haryana, India
| | - Trishna Pani
- Amity Institute of Integrative Sciences and Health, Amity University Haryana, Manesar, Gurgaon 122413, Haryana, India
| | - Animesh Kar
- Laboratory of Nanotechnology and Chemical Biology, Regional Centre for Biotechnology, 3(rd) Milestone Faridabad-Gurgaon Expressway, NCR Biotech Cluster, Faridabad 121001, Haryana, India
| | - Dolly Jain
- Laboratory of Nanotechnology and Chemical Biology, Regional Centre for Biotechnology, 3(rd) Milestone Faridabad-Gurgaon Expressway, NCR Biotech Cluster, Faridabad 121001, Haryana, India
| | - Ruchira Chakraborty
- Laboratory of Nanotechnology and Chemical Biology, Regional Centre for Biotechnology, 3(rd) Milestone Faridabad-Gurgaon Expressway, NCR Biotech Cluster, Faridabad 121001, Haryana, India
| | - Ragini Singh
- Laboratory of Nanotechnology and Chemical Biology, Regional Centre for Biotechnology, 3(rd) Milestone Faridabad-Gurgaon Expressway, NCR Biotech Cluster, Faridabad 121001, Haryana, India
| | - Somesh K Jha
- Laboratory of Nanotechnology and Chemical Biology, Regional Centre for Biotechnology, 3(rd) Milestone Faridabad-Gurgaon Expressway, NCR Biotech Cluster, Faridabad 121001, Haryana, India
| | - Devashish Mehta
- Amity Institute of Integrative Sciences and Health, Amity University Haryana, Manesar, Gurgaon 122413, Haryana, India
| | - Harsh Sharma
- Amity Institute of Integrative Sciences and Health, Amity University Haryana, Manesar, Gurgaon 122413, Haryana, India
| | - Ravi Datta Sharma
- Amity Institute of Integrative Sciences and Health, Amity University Haryana, Manesar, Gurgaon 122413, Haryana, India
| | - S V S Deo
- Department of Surgical Oncology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, India
| | - Sagar Sengupta
- National Institute of Immunology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110067, India; National Institute of Biomedical Genomics, Post office- Netaji Subhas Sanatorium, Kalyani 741251, India
| | - Veena S Patil
- National Institute of Immunology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Lúcia Helena Faccioli
- Department of Clinical, Toxicological and Bromatological Analysis, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Av do Café, s.n, Ribeirão Preto 14040-903, SP, Brazil
| | - Ujjaini Dasgupta
- Amity Institute of Integrative Sciences and Health, Amity University Haryana, Manesar, Gurgaon 122413, Haryana, India
| | - Avinash Bajaj
- Laboratory of Nanotechnology and Chemical Biology, Regional Centre for Biotechnology, 3(rd) Milestone Faridabad-Gurgaon Expressway, NCR Biotech Cluster, Faridabad 121001, Haryana, India.
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Lissek T. Aging as a Consequence of the Adaptation-Maladaptation Dilemma. Adv Biol (Weinh) 2024; 8:e2300654. [PMID: 38299389 DOI: 10.1002/adbi.202300654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
In aging, the organism is unable to counteract certain harmful influences over its lifetime which leads to progressive dysfunction and eventually death, thus delineating aging as one failed process of adaptation to a set of aging stimuli. A central problem in understanding aging is hence to explain why the organism cannot adapt to these aging stimuli. The adaptation-maladaptation theory of aging proposes that in aging adaptation processes such as adaptive transcription, epigenetic remodeling, and metabolic plasticity drive dysfunction themselves over time (maladaptation) and thereby cause aging-related disorders such as cancer and metabolic dysregulation. The central dilemma of aging is thus that the set of adaptation mechanisms that the body uses to deal with internal and external stressors acts as a stressor itself and cannot be effectively counteracted. The only available option for the organism to decrease maladaptation may be a program to progressively reduce the output of adaptive cascades (e.g., via genomic methylation) which then leads to reduced physiological adaptation capacity and syndromes like frailty, immunosenescence, and cognitive decline. The adaptation-maladaptation dilemma of aging entails that certain biological mechanisms can simultaneously protect against aging as well as drive aging. The key to longevity may lie in uncoupling adaptation from maladaptation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Lissek
- Interdisciplinary Center for Neurosciences, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 366, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
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28
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Han Z, Li J, Yi X, Zhang T, Liao D, You J, Ai J. Diagnostic accuracy of interleukin-6 in multiple diseases: An umbrella review of meta-analyses. Heliyon 2024; 10:e27769. [PMID: 38515672 PMCID: PMC10955306 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e27769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective This review aims to conduct a comprehensive study of the diagnostic accuracy of interleukin-6 (IL-6) for multiple diseases by utilizing existing systematic reviews and meta-analyses. Methods We performed a thorough search of Embase, Web of Science, PubMed, and Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews up to April 2023 to gather meta-analyses that investigate the diagnostic accuracy of IL-6. To assess the methodological quality of the studies, we employed the Assessing the Methodological Quality of Systematic Reviews-2 and Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation criteria. Results We included 34 meta-analyses out of the 3024 articles retrieved from the search. These meta-analyses covered 9 categories of diseases of the International Classification of Diseases-11. Studies rated as "Critically Low" or "Very Low" in the quality assessment process were excluded, resulting in a total of 6 meta-analyses that encompassed sepsis, colorectal cancer, tuberculous pleural effusion (TPE), endometriosis, among others. Among these diseases, IL-6 demonstrated a relatively high diagnostic potential in accurately identifying TPE and endometriosis. Conclusions IL-6 exhibited favorable diagnostic accuracy across multiple diseases, suggesting its potential as a reliable diagnostic biomarker in the near future. Substantial evidence supported its high diagnostic accuracy, particularly in the cases of TPE and endometriosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Tianyi Zhang
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 88 South Keyuan Road, Chengdu, 610041, PR China
| | - Dazhou Liao
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 88 South Keyuan Road, Chengdu, 610041, PR China
| | - Jia You
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 88 South Keyuan Road, Chengdu, 610041, PR China
| | - Jianzhong Ai
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 88 South Keyuan Road, Chengdu, 610041, PR China
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29
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Tsai YT, Schlom J, Donahue RN. Blood-based biomarkers in patients with non-small cell lung cancer treated with immune checkpoint blockade. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2024; 43:82. [PMID: 38493133 PMCID: PMC10944611 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-024-02969-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024] Open
Abstract
The paradigm of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) treatment has been profoundly influenced by the development of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI), but the range of clinical responses observed among patients poses significant challenges. To date, analyses of tumor biopsies are the only parameter used to guide prognosis to ICI therapy. Tumor biopsies, however, are often difficult to obtain and tissue-based biomarkers are limited by intratumoral heterogeneity and temporal variability. In response, there has been a growing emphasis on the development of "liquid biopsy"‒ derived biomarkers, which offer a minimally invasive means to dynamically monitor the immune status of NSCLC patients either before and/or during the course of treatment. Here we review studies in which multiple blood-based biomarkers encompassing circulating soluble analytes, immune cell subsets, circulating tumor DNA, blood-based tumor mutational burden, and circulating tumor cells have shown promising associations with the clinical response of NSCLC patients to ICI therapy. These investigations have unveiled compelling correlations between the peripheral immune status of patients both before and during ICI therapy and patient outcomes, which include response rates, progression-free survival, and overall survival. There is need for rigorous validation and standardization of these blood-based assays for broader clinical application. Integration of multiple blood-based biomarkers into comprehensive panels or algorithms also has the potential to enhance predictive accuracy. Further research aimed at longitudinal monitoring of circulating biomarkers is also crucial to comprehend immune dynamics and resistance mechanisms and should be used alongside tissue-based methods that interrogate the tumor microenvironment to guide treatment decisions and may inform on the development of novel therapeutic strategies. The data reviewed here reinforce the opportunity to refine patient stratification, optimize treatments, and improve outcomes not only in NSCLC but also in the wider spectrum of solid tumors undergoing immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yo-Ting Tsai
- Center for Immuno-Oncology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jeffrey Schlom
- Center for Immuno-Oncology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
| | - Renee N Donahue
- Center for Immuno-Oncology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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30
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Pandey S, Anang V, Schumacher MM. Mitochondria driven innate immune signaling and inflammation in cancer growth, immune evasion, and therapeutic resistance. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2024; 386:223-247. [PMID: 38782500 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2024.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Mitochondria play an important and multifaceted role in cellular function, catering to the cell's energy and biosynthetic requirements. They modulate apoptosis while responding to diverse extracellular and intracellular stresses including reactive oxygen species (ROS), nutrient and oxygen scarcity, endoplasmic reticulum stress, and signaling via surface death receptors. Integral components of mitochondria, such as mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), mitochondrial RNA (mtRNA), Adenosine triphosphate (ATP), cardiolipin, and formyl peptides serve as major damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs). These molecules activate multiple innate immune pathways both in the cytosol [such as Retionoic Acid-Inducible Gene-1 (RIG-1) and Cyclic GMP-AMP Synthase (cGAS)] and on the cell surface [including Toll-like receptors (TLRs)]. This activation cascade leads to the release of various cytokines, chemokines, interferons, and other inflammatory molecules and oxidative species. The innate immune pathways further induce chronic inflammation in the tumor microenvironment which either promotes survival and proliferation or promotes epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT), metastasis and therapeutic resistance in the cancer cell's. Chronic activation of innate inflammatory pathways in tumors also drives immunosuppressive checkpoint expression in the cancer cells and boosts the influx of immune-suppressive populations like Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells (MDSCs) and Regulatory T cells (Tregs) in cancer. Thus, sensing of cellular stress by the mitochondria may lead to enhanced tumor growth. In addition to that, the tumor microenvironment also becomes a source of immunosuppressive cytokines. These cytokines exert a debilitating effect on the functioning of immune effector cells, and thus foster immune tolerance and facilitate immune evasion. Here we describe how alteration of the mitochondrial homeostasis and cellular stress drives innate inflammatory pathways in the tumor microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjay Pandey
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY, United States.
| | - Vandana Anang
- International Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), New Delhi, India
| | - Michelle M Schumacher
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY, United States; Department of Pathology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States
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31
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Wang YX, Zhou CP, Wang DT, Ma J, Sun XH, Wang Y, Zhang YM. Unraveling the causal role of immune cells in gastrointestinal tract cancers: insights from a Mendelian randomization study. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1343512. [PMID: 38533503 PMCID: PMC10963466 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1343512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Despite early attempts, the relationship between immune characteristics and gastrointestinal tract cancers remains incompletely elucidated. Hence, rigorous and further investigations in this domain hold significant clinical relevance for the development of novel potential immunotherapeutic targets. Methods We conducted a two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis using the tools available in the "TwoSampleMR" R package. The GWAS data for these 731 immune traits were sourced from the GWAS Catalog database. Concurrently, data on gastrointestinal tract cancers, encompassing malignant tumors in the esophagus, stomach, small intestine, colon, and rectum, were extracted from the FinnGen database. The immune traits subjected to MR analysis predominantly fall into four categories: median fluorescence intensities (MFI), relative cell (RC), absolute cell (AC), and morphological parameters (MP). To ensure the reliability of our findings, sensitivity analyses were implemented to address robustness, account for heterogeneity, and alleviate the impact of horizontal pleiotropy. Results A total of 78 immune traits causally linked to gastrointestinal tract cancers were identified, encompassing esophageal cancer (12 traits), gastric cancer (13 traits), small intestine cancer (22 traits), colon cancer (12 traits), and rectal cancer (19 traits). Additionally, 60 immune traits were recognized as protective factors associated with gastrointestinal tract cancers, distributed across esophageal cancer (14 traits), gastric cancer (16 traits), small intestine cancer (7 traits), colon cancer (14 traits), and rectal cancer (9 traits). Furthermore, it was observed that seven immune traits are causally related to gastrointestinal tract cancers in at least two locations. These traits include "CCR2 on CD14- CD16+ monocyte," "CD19 on IgD+ CD38-," "CD19 on IgD+ CD38- naive," "CD25hi CD45RA+ CD4 not Treg AC," "CD27 on unsw mem," "CD28 on CD39+ activated Treg," and "CD45 on CD4+." Conclusion This study elucidates a causal link between immune cells and gastrointestinal tract cancers at various sites through genetic investigation. The findings of this research open up new perspectives and resources for exploring tumor prevention strategies and immunotherapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-xiang Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Anqing Municipal Hospital, Anqing, Anhui, China
| | - Chao-ping Zhou
- Department of General Surgery, Anqing Municipal Hospital, Anqing, Anhui, China
| | - Da-tian Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Anqing Municipal Hospital, Anqing, Anhui, China
| | - Jun Ma
- Department of General Surgery, Anqing Municipal Hospital, Anqing, Anhui, China
| | - Xue-hu Sun
- Department of Emergency Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Yao Wang
- Department of Digestive Endoscopy, The First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ya-ming Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Anqing Municipal Hospital, Anqing, Anhui, China
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32
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Blua F, Monge C, Gastaldi S, Clemente N, Pizzimenti S, Lazzarato L, Senetta R, Vittorio S, Gigliotti CL, Boggio E, Dianzani U, Vistoli G, Altomare AA, Aldini G, Dianzani C, Marini E, Bertinaria M. Discovery of a septin-4 covalent binder with antimetastatic activity in a mouse model of melanoma. Bioorg Chem 2024; 144:107164. [PMID: 38306824 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2024.107164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 01/28/2024] [Indexed: 02/04/2024]
Abstract
Cancer spreading through metastatic processes is one of the major causes of tumour-related mortality. Metastasis is a complex phenomenon which involves multiple pathways ranging from cell metabolic alterations to changes in the biophysical phenotype of cells and tissues. In the search for new effective anti-metastatic agents, we modulated the chemical structure of the lead compound AA6, in order to find the structural determinants of activity, and to identify the cellular target responsible of the downstream anti-metastatic effects observed. New compounds synthesized were able to inhibit in vitro B16-F10 melanoma cell invasiveness, and one selected compound, CM365, showed in vivo anti-metastatic effects in a lung metastasis mouse model of melanoma. Septin-4 was identified as the most likely molecular target responsible for these effects. This study showed that CM365 is a promising molecule for metastasis prevention, remarkably effective alone or co-administered with drugs normally used in cancer therapy, such as paclitaxel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Blua
- Department of Drug Science and Technology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Chiara Monge
- Department of Drug Science and Technology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Simone Gastaldi
- Department of Drug Science and Technology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Nausicaa Clemente
- Settore Centri di Ricerca e Infrastrutture di Ateneo e Laboratori - Polo di NO, University of Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - Stefania Pizzimenti
- Department of Clinical and Biological Science, University of Turin, Torino, Italy
| | - Loretta Lazzarato
- Department of Drug Science and Technology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Rebecca Senetta
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Serena Vittorio
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Elena Boggio
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - Umberto Dianzani
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - Giulio Vistoli
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Giancarlo Aldini
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Chiara Dianzani
- Department of Drug Science and Technology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Marini
- Department of Drug Science and Technology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy.
| | - Massimo Bertinaria
- Department of Drug Science and Technology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
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33
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Duan R, Lyu D, Qin S, Liang J, Gu W, Duan Q, Wu W, Tang D, Han H, Zheng X, Xi J, Bukai A, Lu X, Zhang P, Zhang D, Xiao M, Jing H, Wang X. Pasteurella multocida strains of a novel capsular serotype and lethal to Marmota himalayana on Qinghai-Tibet plateau in China. Int J Med Microbiol 2024; 314:151597. [PMID: 38217947 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijmm.2024.151597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Revised: 12/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Pasteurella multocida is a zoonotic pathogen causing serious diseases in humans and animals. Here, we report P. multocida from wildlife on China's Qinghai-Tibet plateau with a novel capsular serotype, forming a single branch on the core-genome phylogenetic tree: four strains isolated from dead Himalayan marmot (Marmota himalayana) and one genome assembled from metagenomic sequencing of a dead Woolly hare (Lepus oiostolus). Four of the strains were identified as subspecies multocida and one was septica. The mouse model showed that the challenge strain killed mice within 24 h at an infectious dose of less than 300 bacteria. The short disease course is comparable to septicemic plague: the host has died before more severe pathological changes could take place. Though pathological changes were relatively mild, cytokine storm was obvious with a significant rise of IL-12p70, IL-6, TNF-αand IL-10 (P < 0.05). Our findings suggested P. multocida is a lethal pathogen for wildlife on Qinghai-Tibet plateau, in addition to Yersinia pestis. Individuals residing within the M. himalayana plague focus are at risk for P. multocida infection, and public health warnings are necessitated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran Duan
- National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Dongyue Lyu
- National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Shuai Qin
- National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Junrong Liang
- National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Wenpeng Gu
- Yunan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Kunming, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Qun Duan
- National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Weiwei Wu
- National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Deming Tang
- National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Haonan Han
- National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaojin Zheng
- Akesai Kazakh Autonomous County Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jiuquan, Gansu Province, China
| | - Jinxiao Xi
- Institute for Plague Prevention and Control, Gansu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, China
| | - Asaiti Bukai
- Akesai Kazakh Autonomous County Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jiuquan, Gansu Province, China
| | - Xinmin Lu
- Akesai Kazakh Autonomous County Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jiuquan, Gansu Province, China
| | - Peng Zhang
- National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Dan Zhang
- National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Meng Xiao
- National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Huaiqi Jing
- National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Wang
- National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China.
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34
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Shbeer AM. Mystery of COVID 19: Focusing on important ncRNAs and effective signaling pathways. Pathol Res Pract 2024; 255:155155. [PMID: 38354486 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2024.155155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2023] [Revised: 01/13/2024] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
This article provides a thorough investigation of the essential role of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) in the context of COVID-19, emphasizing their impact on the complex molecular dynamics of the viral infection. By conducting a systematic review of existing literature, we identify key ncRNAs involved in different stages of the viral life cycle, modulation of host immune response, and disease progression. The importance of microRNAs, long non-coding RNAs, and other ncRNA types emerges as influential factors in shaping the interaction between the host and the virus. Additionally, the study delves into the effective signaling pathways linked to COVID-19 pathogenesis, uncovering intricate molecular cascades that govern viral entry, replication, and host cell response. This exploration encompasses established pathways such as IL-6/JAK/STAT signaling, highlighting their interplay within the context of COVID-19. By synthesizing this knowledge, our aim is not only to enhance our understanding of the molecular complexities of COVID-19 but also to reveal potential therapeutic targets. Through elucidating the interaction between ncRNAs and signaling pathways, our article seeks to contribute to ongoing efforts in developing targeted interventions against COVID-19, ultimately advancing our ability to address this global health crisis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdullah M Shbeer
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia.
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35
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Amato B, Ippolito D, Vitale M, Alduina R, Galluzzo P, Gerace E, Pruiti Ciarello F, Fiasconaro M, Cannella V, Di Marco Lo Presti V. Comparative Study of Mycobacterium bovis and Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis In Vitro Infection in Bovine Bone Marrow Derived Macrophages: Preliminary Results. Microorganisms 2024; 12:407. [PMID: 38399810 PMCID: PMC10893549 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12020407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2023] [Revised: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Bovine tuberculosis and paratuberculosis are endemic in many areas worldwide. This work aims to study cytokines production and gene expression profiles of bovine macrophages infected with Mycobacterium bovis and Mycobacterium paratuberculosis subsp. avium (MAP) strains to identify potential diagnostic biomarkers. Bovine bone marrow stem cells were differentiated into macrophages and subsequently infected in vitro with different spoligotypes of M. bovis and MAP field strains (as single infections and coinfections), using different multiplicity of infection. Supernatant and cell pellets were collected 24 h, 48 h, and one week post-infection. Preliminarily, gene expression on cell pellets of IL-1β, IL-2, INFγ, IL-6, IL-10, IL-12, and TNFα was assessed by qRT-PCR one week p.i. Subsequently, IL-1β and IL-6 were measured by ELISA and qRT-PCR to investigated their production retrospectively 24 h and 48 h p.i. A variability in macrophages response related to the concentration of mycobacteria, the coinfection with MAP, and M. bovis spoligotypes was identified. An early and constant IL-6 increase was observed in the M. bovis infection. A lower increase in IL-1β was also detected at the highest concentration of the two M. bovis spoligotypes one week post-infection. IL-6 and IL-1 β production was reduced and differently expressed in the MAP infection. IL-6 appeared to be the earliest cytokines produced by bovine macrophages infected with M. bovis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benedetta Amato
- Bristol Veterinary School Langford Campus, University of Bristol, Bristol BS40 5DU, UK;
| | - Dorotea Ippolito
- Unit of Emerging Zoonoses, Department of Food Safety, Nutrition and Veterinary Public Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena, 299, 00161 Rome, Italy
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia, via S. Andrea 96, 98051 Barcellona Pozzo di Gotto, Italy; (M.V.); (P.G.); (E.G.); (F.P.C.); (M.F.); (V.C.); (V.D.M.L.P.)
| | - Maria Vitale
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia, via S. Andrea 96, 98051 Barcellona Pozzo di Gotto, Italy; (M.V.); (P.G.); (E.G.); (F.P.C.); (M.F.); (V.C.); (V.D.M.L.P.)
| | - Rosa Alduina
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche Chimiche e Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi di Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, 90128 Palermo, Italy;
| | - Paola Galluzzo
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia, via S. Andrea 96, 98051 Barcellona Pozzo di Gotto, Italy; (M.V.); (P.G.); (E.G.); (F.P.C.); (M.F.); (V.C.); (V.D.M.L.P.)
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche Chimiche e Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi di Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, 90128 Palermo, Italy;
| | - Elisabetta Gerace
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia, via S. Andrea 96, 98051 Barcellona Pozzo di Gotto, Italy; (M.V.); (P.G.); (E.G.); (F.P.C.); (M.F.); (V.C.); (V.D.M.L.P.)
| | - Flavia Pruiti Ciarello
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia, via S. Andrea 96, 98051 Barcellona Pozzo di Gotto, Italy; (M.V.); (P.G.); (E.G.); (F.P.C.); (M.F.); (V.C.); (V.D.M.L.P.)
| | - Michele Fiasconaro
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia, via S. Andrea 96, 98051 Barcellona Pozzo di Gotto, Italy; (M.V.); (P.G.); (E.G.); (F.P.C.); (M.F.); (V.C.); (V.D.M.L.P.)
| | - Vincenza Cannella
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia, via S. Andrea 96, 98051 Barcellona Pozzo di Gotto, Italy; (M.V.); (P.G.); (E.G.); (F.P.C.); (M.F.); (V.C.); (V.D.M.L.P.)
| | - Vincenzo Di Marco Lo Presti
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia, via S. Andrea 96, 98051 Barcellona Pozzo di Gotto, Italy; (M.V.); (P.G.); (E.G.); (F.P.C.); (M.F.); (V.C.); (V.D.M.L.P.)
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Wang S, Wang J, Chen Z, Luo J, Guo W, Sun L, Lin L. Targeting M2-like tumor-associated macrophages is a potential therapeutic approach to overcome antitumor drug resistance. NPJ Precis Oncol 2024; 8:31. [PMID: 38341519 DOI: 10.1038/s41698-024-00522-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Tumor drug resistance emerges from the interaction of two critical factors: tumor cellular heterogeneity and the immunosuppressive nature of the tumor microenvironment (TME). Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) constitute essential components of the TME. M2-like TAMs are essential in facilitating tumor metastasis as well as augmenting the drug resistance of tumors. This review encapsulates the mechanisms that M2-like TAMs use to promote tumor drug resistance. We also describe the emerging therapeutic strategies that are currently targeting M2-like TAMs in combination with other antitumor drugs, with some still undergoing clinical trial evaluation. Furthermore, we summarize and analyze various existing approaches for developing novel drugs that target M2-like TAMs to overcome tumor resistance, highlighting how targeting M2-like TAMs can effectively stop tumor growth, metastasis, and overcome tumor drug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shujing Wang
- The First Clinical Medical School of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jingrui Wang
- The First Clinical Medical School of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhiqiang Chen
- The First Clinical Medical School of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiamin Luo
- The First Clinical Medical School of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei Guo
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lingling Sun
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lizhu Lin
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.
- Guangdong Clinical Research Academy of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.
- Lingnan Medical Research Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.
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Tang M, Luo W, Zhou Y, Zhang Z, Jiang Z. Anoikis-related gene CDKN2A predicts prognosis and immune response and mediates proliferation and migration in thyroid carcinoma. Transl Oncol 2024; 40:101873. [PMID: 38141377 PMCID: PMC10788268 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2023.101873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2023] [Revised: 11/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Thyroid carcinoma (THCA) is a tumor commonly occurring in the endocrine system, and its incidence rate is increasing yearly. Anoikis is a type of cell death involved in the carcinogenesis process. This study aimed to investigate the prognosis and immune correlations of anoikis in THCA. Our study used several bioinformatics algorithms (co-expression analysis, univariate and multivariate Cox analysis) to screen anoikis-related genes (ARGs) to construct risk models. Through receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, nomogram, and independent prognostic analysis found that the constructed model had ideal predictive value for THCA. The consensus clustering method was used to divide ARG patterns into three subgroups, and there were significant differences in survival among the three subgroups. The CIBERSORT algorithm demonstrated strong correlations among immune infiltrating cells, prognostic genes, and risk scores. Univariate and multivariate Cox analysis showed that CDKN2A is an independent prognostic gene. Basic experiments (immunohistochemistry, qRT-PCR, etc.) showed that the expression levels of CDKN2A mRNA and protein were highly expressed in THCA, which was consistent with the results of bioinformatics analysis. In vitro, the knockdown of CDKN2A significantly inhibited the proliferation and migration of THCA cells. In summary, our study utilized eight ARGs to construct an accurate risk model. ARGs, especially CDKN2A, play a crucial role in the occurrence and development of THCA and can become potential targets for treating THCA patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengjie Tang
- Department of Pathology, Hunan Cancer Hospital, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Wen Luo
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Hunan Cancer Hospital, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yusong Zhou
- Department of Pharmacy, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhun Zhang
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.
| | - Zhongjun Jiang
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, The Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, China.
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Boss S, Bertolio M, Lipke L. Inflammatory biomarker changes in healthy adults secondary to electronic cigarette use: A scoping review. Immun Inflamm Dis 2024; 12:e1170. [PMID: 38353387 PMCID: PMC10832336 DOI: 10.1002/iid3.1170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 01/14/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
CONTEXT There has been a global increase in the use of electronic cigarettes (EC). However, to our knowledge, no review has summarized or categorized changes in inflammatory biomarkers after EC use in the extant literature. OBJECTIVE To evaluate changes in general, cardiopulmonary, and oxidative stress-related inflammatory biomarkers in healthy adults who use ECs. METHODS A scoping review was conducted according to the Arksey and O'Malley framework. PubMed and MEDLINE (Ovid) databases were used for our search. After initial pilot searches and discussions, we performed a final search with medical subject headings and plain language terms related to inflammation, biomarkers, ECs, and adult humans. All full-text articles, gray literature, and primary studies dating from the inception of the searched databases to the present were included. Studies of human participants with known confounding medical histories were excluded. RESULTS Thirty-seven studies met the inclusion criteria. After short-term (<1 month) use, ECs containing nicotine moderately increased cardiovascular (CV) and oxidative stress markers of inflammation. Of all reported results, 50% of CV biomarkers were increased, and 64% of oxidative stress markers were increased. After long-term (>1 month) use, ECs containing nicotine produced mixed results. Two commonly measured biomarkers in this group, matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) and interleukin-6 (IL-6), were elevated in 75% and 60% of measured instances, respectively. CONCLUSION The results of studies evaluated in our scoping review suggested that short-term use of nicotine-containing ECs may result in increased CV and oxidative stress inflammation, contributing to potential CV or neurologic disease development. The results of studies evaluated in our scoping review also suggested that long-term use of nicotine-containing ECs resulted in no significant changes in general inflammatory biomarker levels. A rigorous systematic review and meta-analysis is necessary to corroborate our findings and to determine the effect of long-term EC use on MMP-9 and IL-6 levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shawn Boss
- Kirksville College of Osteopathic MedicineA.T. Still UniversityKirksvilleMissouriUSA
| | - Michael Bertolio
- Kirksville College of Osteopathic MedicineA.T. Still UniversityKirksvilleMissouriUSA
| | - Laura Lipke
- Science LibraryBinghampton UniversityBinghamptonNew YorkUSA
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Zaporowska-Stachowiak I, Springer M, Stachowiak K, Oduah M, Sopata M, Wieczorowska-Tobis K, Bryl W. Interleukin-6 Family of Cytokines in Cancers. J Interferon Cytokine Res 2024; 44:45-59. [PMID: 38232478 DOI: 10.1089/jir.2023.0103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Nine soluble ligands [interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-11 (IL-11), leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF), oncostatin M (OSM), ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF), cardiotrophin-1 (CT-1), cardiotrophin-like cytokine, interleukin-27 (IL-27), and interleukin-31] share the ubiquitously expressed transmembrane protein-glycoprotein-130 beta-subunit (gp130) and thus form IL-6 family cytokines. Proteins that may be important for cancerogenesis, CT-1, IL-11, IL-27, LIF, OSM, and CNTF, belong to the superfamily of IL-6. Cytokines such as IL-6, IL-11, and IL-27 are better investigated in comparison with other members of the same family of cytokines, eg, CT-1. Gp130 is one of the main receptors through which these cytokines exert their effects. The clinical implication of understanding the pathways of these cytokines in oncology is that targeted therapy to inhibit or potentiate cytokine activity may lead to remission in some cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iwona Zaporowska-Stachowiak
- Department and Clinic of Palliative Medicine, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
- Palliative Medicine In-Patient Unit, University Hospital of Lord's Transfiguration, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Michał Springer
- Department of Internal Diseases, Metabolic Disorders and Arterial Hypertension, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | | | - Mary Oduah
- English Students' Research Association, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Maciej Sopata
- Department and Clinic of Palliative Medicine, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
- Palliative Medicine In-Patient Unit, University Hospital of Lord's Transfiguration, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Wieczorowska-Tobis
- Department and Clinic of Palliative Medicine, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
- Palliative Medicine In-Patient Unit, University Hospital of Lord's Transfiguration, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Wiesław Bryl
- Department of Internal Diseases, Metabolic Disorders and Arterial Hypertension, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
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Domínguez-López I, Kovatcheva M, Casas R, Toledo E, Fitó M, Ros E, Estruch R, Serrano M, Lamuela-Raventós RM. Higher circulating vitamin B12 is associated with lower levels of inflammatory markers in individuals at high cardiovascular risk and in naturally aged mice. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2024; 104:875-882. [PMID: 37690097 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.12976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vitamin B12 is an essential nutrient that is involved in numerous physiological processes, and its deficiency can lead to various complications, including neurological and haematological disorders. Some studies have suggested that vitamin B12 may have anti-inflammatory effects, but the mechanisms underlying this relationship are not yet fully understood. We investigated the relationship between circulating vitamin B12 and inflammatory markers interleukin (IL)-6 and C-reactive protein (CRP). The association of peripheral levels of vitamin B12 with IL-6 and CRP was assessed in 136 human samples from a high cardiovascular risk population. To corroborate the results from the human trial, the analysis was replicated in naturally aged mice. RESULTS Individuals with higher serum levels of vitamin B12 showed lower concentrations of IL-6 and CRP after adjustment for potential confounders, and an inverse association was also found between serum IL-6 and vitamin B12 levels in naturally aged mice. CONCLUSION Circulating vitamin B12 was inversely associated with IL-6 and CRP in humans and with IL-6 in mice, suggesting that it may exert an anti-inflammatory effect through modulation of these pro-inflammatory molecules. © 2023 The Authors. Journal of The Science of Food and Agriculture published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inés Domínguez-López
- Departament de Nutrició, Ciències de l'Alimentació i Gastronomia, Facultat de Farmacia, Universitat de Barcelon (UB), Barcelona, Spain
- Institut de Nutrició i Seguretat Alimentària (INSA), Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Santa Coloma de Gramanet, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Kovatcheva
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rosa Casas
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Clinic, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Estefanía Toledo
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Navarra, IdiSNA, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Montserrat Fitó
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Unit of Cardiovascular Risk and Nutrition, Institut Hospital del Mar de Investigaciones Médicas (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Emilio Ros
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Endocrinology, Hospital Clinic, IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ramon Estruch
- Institut de Nutrició i Seguretat Alimentària (INSA), Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Santa Coloma de Gramanet, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Clinic, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Manuel Serrano
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona, Spain
- Cambridge Institute of Science, Altos Labs, Cambridge, UK
| | - Rosa M Lamuela-Raventós
- Departament de Nutrició, Ciències de l'Alimentació i Gastronomia, Facultat de Farmacia, Universitat de Barcelon (UB), Barcelona, Spain
- Institut de Nutrició i Seguretat Alimentària (INSA), Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Santa Coloma de Gramanet, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
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Khilwani R, Singh S. Traversing through the Mechanistic Event Analysis in IL-6 and IL-17 Signaling for a New Therapeutic Paradigm in NSCLC. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1216. [PMID: 38279220 PMCID: PMC10816370 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25021216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 01/28/2024] Open
Abstract
IL-6 and IL-17 are paradoxical cytokines that progress inflammatory states in chronic diseases, including cancer. In lung cancer, their role has been elucidated to favor cancer development by modulating signaling mechanisms critical to cellular growth. The intrinsic ability of these cytokines to influence macroautophagy is yet another reason to facilitate lung cancer. Here, we employed a systems immunology approach to discover the mechanistic role of these cytokines in cancer development. In a biological system, at later stages, the activation of NFkB stimulates immunosuppressive phenotypes to achieve tolerating effects in a transformed cell. We found that the upregulation of cytokines signaled M2 macrophages to modulate tumor responses through the activation of autophagic intermediates and inflammasome mediators. This caused immune perturbations in the tumor microenvironment, which were associated with cancer inflammation. To address these inflammatory states, we performed triggered event analysis to examine whether overexpressing immune effectors or downregulating immune suppressors may have an effect on cancer reversal. Interestingly, the inhibition of immune regulators opposed the model outcome to an increased immune response. Therefore, IL6-IL17-mediated regulation of lung cancer may address tumor malignancy and potentiate the development of newer therapeutics for NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Shailza Singh
- Systems Medicine Laboratory, National Centre for Cell Science, NCCS Complex, Ganeshkhind, SPPU Campus, Pune 411007, India;
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Bou Malhab LJ, Nair VA, Qaisar R, Pintus G, Abdel-Rahman WM. Towards Understanding the Development of Breast Cancer: The Role of RhoJ in the Obesity Microenvironment. Cells 2024; 13:174. [PMID: 38247865 PMCID: PMC10814036 DOI: 10.3390/cells13020174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a growing pandemic with an increasing risk of inducing different cancer types, including breast cancer. Adipose tissue is proposed to be a major player in the initiation and progression of breast cancer in obese people. However, the mechanistic link between adipogenicity and tumorigenicity in breast tissues is poorly understood. We used in vitro and in vivo approaches to investigate the mechanistic relationship between obesity and the onset and progression of breast cancer. In obesity, adipose tissue expansion and remodeling are associated with increased inflammatory mediator's release and anti-inflammatory mediators' reduction.. In order to mimic the obesity micro-environment, we cultured cells in an enriched pro-inflammatory cytokine medium to which we added a low concentration of beneficial adipokines. Epithelial cells exposed to the obesity micro-environment were phenotypically transformed into mesenchymal-like cells, characterized by an increase in different mesenchymal markers and the acquisition of the major hallmarks of cancerous cells; these include sustained DNA damage, the activation of the ATR-Chk2 pathway, an increase in proliferation rate, cell invasion, and resistance to conventional chemotherapy. Transcriptomic analysis revealed that several genes, including RhoJ, CCL7, and MMP9, acted as potential major players in the observed phenomenon. The transcriptomics findings were confirmed in vitro using qRT-PCR and in vivo using high-fat-diet-fed mice. Our data suggests RhoJ as a potential novel molecular driver of tumor development in breast tissues and a mediator of cell resistance to conventional chemotherapy through PAK1 activation. These data propose that RhoJ is a potential target for therapeutic interventions in obese breast cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara J. Bou Malhab
- Research Institute of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates;
| | - Vidhya A. Nair
- Research Institute of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates;
| | - Rizwan Qaisar
- Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates;
| | - Gianfranco Pintus
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy;
| | - Wael M. Abdel-Rahman
- Research Institute of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates;
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates
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Liao YT, Shen HC, Huang JR, Sun CY, Ko HJ, Chang CJ, Chen YM, Feng JY, Chen WC, Yang KY. Clinical characteristics and outcomes among critically ill patients with cancer and COVID-19-related acute respiratory failure. BMC Pulm Med 2024; 24:34. [PMID: 38225613 PMCID: PMC10789018 DOI: 10.1186/s12890-024-02850-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/17/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has affected individuals worldwide, and patients with cancer are particularly vulnerable to COVID-19-related severe illness, respiratory failure, and mortality. The relationship between COVID-19 and cancer remains a critical concern, and a comprehensive investigation of the factors affecting survival among patients with cancer who develop COVID-19-related respiratory failure is warranted. We aim to compare the characteristics and outcomes of COVID-19-related acute respiratory failure in patients with and without underlying cancer, while analyzing factors affecting in-hospital survival among cancer patients. METHODS We conducted a retrospective observational study at Taipei Veterans General Hospital in Taiwan from May to September 2022, a period during which the omicron variant of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 was circulating. Eligible patients had COVID-19 and acute respiratory failure. Clinical data, demographic information, disease severity markers, treatment details, and outcomes were collected and analyzed. RESULTS Of the 215 enrolled critically ill patients with COVID-19, 65 had cancer. The patients with cancer were younger and had lower absolute lymphocyte counts, higher ferritin and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) concentrations, and increased vasopressor use compared with those without cancer. The patients with cancer also received more COVID-19 specific treatments but had higher in-hospital mortality rate (61.5% vs 36%, P = 0.002) and longer viral shedding (13 vs 10 days, P = 0.007) than those without cancer did. Smoking [odds ratio (OR): 5.804, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.847-39.746], elevated LDH (OR: 1.004, 95% CI: 1.001-1.012), vasopressor use (OR: 5.437, 95% CI: 1.202-24.593), and new renal replacement therapy (OR: 3.523, 95% CI: 1.203-61.108) were independent predictors of in-hospital mortality among patients with cancer and respiratory failure. CONCLUSION Critically ill patients with cancer experiencing COVID-19-related acute respiratory failure present unique clinical features and worse clinical outcomes compared with those without cancer. Smoking, elevated LDH, vasopressor use, and new renal replacement therapy were risk factors for in-hospital mortality in these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Ting Liao
- Department of Chest Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsiao-Chin Shen
- Department of Chest Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Education, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jhong-Ru Huang
- Department of Chest Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chuan-Yen Sun
- Department of Chest Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Jui Ko
- Department of Chest Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Jung Chang
- Department of Chest Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yuh-Min Chen
- Department of Chest Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jia-Yih Feng
- Department of Chest Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Chih Chen
- Department of Chest Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan.
- Institute of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, College of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Kuang-Yao Yang
- Department of Chest Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, College of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Cancer Progression Research Center, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Matsunaga A, Ando N, Yamagata Y, Shimura M, Gatanaga H, Oka S, Ishizaka Y. Identification of viral protein R of human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV) and interleukin-6 as risk factors for malignancies in HIV-infected individuals: A cohort study. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0296502. [PMID: 38166062 PMCID: PMC10760899 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0296502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/04/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite effective antiretroviral therapy, patients with human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (HIV) suffer from a high frequency of malignancies, but related risk factors remain elusive. Here, we focused on blood-circulating viral protein R (Vpr) of HIV, which induces proinflammatory cytokine production and genotoxicity by exogenous functions. METHODS AND FINDINGS A total 404 blood samples of HIV patients comprising of 126 patients with malignancies (tumor group) and 278 patients without malignancies (non-tumor group), each of 96 samples was first selected by one-to-one propensity score matching. By a detergent-free enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (detection limit, 3.9 ng/mL), we detected Vpr at a higher frequency in the matched tumor group (56.3%) than in the matched non-tumor group (39.6%) (P = 0.030), although there was no different distribution of Vpr levels (P = 0.372). We also detected anti-Vpr immunoglobulin (IgG), less frequently in the tumor group compared with the tumor group (22.9% for tumor group vs. 44.8% for non-tumor group, P = 0.002), and the proportion of patients positive for Vpr but negative of anti-Vpr IgG was significantly higher in the tumor group than in the non-tumor group (38.6% vs. 15.6%, respectively, P < 0.001). Additionally, Interleukin-6 (IL-6), the levels of which were high in HIV-1 infected patients (P < 0.001) compared to non-HIV-infected individuals, was significantly higher in advanced cases of tumors (P < 0.001), and IL-6 level was correlated with Vpr in the non-tumor group (P = 0.010). Finally, multivariate logistic regression analysis suggested a positive link of Vpr with tumor occurrence in HIV patients (P = 0.002). CONCLUSION Vpr and IL-6 could be risk factors of HIV-1 associated malignancies, and it would be importance to monitor these molecules for well managing people living with HIV-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akihiro Matsunaga
- Department of Intractable Diseases, Research Institute, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Toyama, Shinjuku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naokatsu Ando
- AIDS Clinical Center, Hospital, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Toyama, Shinjuku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuko Yamagata
- Department of Intractable Diseases, Research Institute, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Toyama, Shinjuku, Tokyo, Japan
- RIKEN SPring-8 Center, Koto, Sayo, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Mari Shimura
- Department of Intractable Diseases, Research Institute, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Toyama, Shinjuku, Tokyo, Japan
- RIKEN SPring-8 Center, Koto, Sayo, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Gatanaga
- AIDS Clinical Center, Hospital, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Toyama, Shinjuku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shinichi Oka
- AIDS Clinical Center, Hospital, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Toyama, Shinjuku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yukihito Ishizaka
- Department of Intractable Diseases, Research Institute, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Toyama, Shinjuku, Tokyo, Japan
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45
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Lenahan SM, Sarausky HM, Deming P, Seward DJ. STK11 loss leads to YAP1-mediated transcriptional activation in human KRAS-driven lung adenocarcinoma cell lines. Cancer Gene Ther 2024; 31:1-8. [PMID: 37968341 PMCID: PMC10794139 DOI: 10.1038/s41417-023-00687-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023]
Abstract
Serine Threonine Kinase 11 (STK11) loss of function (LoF) correlates with anti-PD-1 therapy resistance in patients with KRAS-driven lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD). The molecular mechanisms governing this observation remain unclear and represent a critical outstanding question in the field of lung oncology. As an initial approach to understand this phenomenon, we knocked-out (KO) STK11 in multiple KRAS-driven, STK11-competent human LUAD cell lines and performed whole transcriptome analyses to identify STK11-loss-dependent differential gene expression. Subsequent pathway enrichment studies highlighted activation of the HIPPO/YAP1 signaling axis, along with the induction of numerous tumor-intrinsic cytokines. To validate that YAP1-mediated transcriptional activation occurs in response to STK11 loss, we pursued YAP1 perturbation as a strategy to restore an STK11-competent gene expression profile in STK11-KO LUAD cell lines. Together, our data link STK11 loss with YAP1-mediated transcriptional activation, including the upregulation of immune-evasion promoting cytokines IL-6, CXCL8 and CXCL2. Further, our results raise the intriguing possibility that YAP1 antagonism may represent a therapeutic approach to counter anti-PD-1 therapy resistance in STK11-null, KRAS-driven LUADs by modulating tumor-intrinsic gene expression to promote a "hot" tumor immune microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean M Lenahan
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Hailey M Sarausky
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Paula Deming
- Department of Biomedical and Health Sciences, University of Vermont College of Nursing and Health Sciences, Burlington, VT, USA
- University of Vermont Cancer Center, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - David J Seward
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, VT, USA.
- University of Vermont Cancer Center, Burlington, VT, USA.
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46
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Borlongan MC, Saha D, Wang H. Tumor Microenvironment: A Niche for Cancer Stem Cell Immunotherapy. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2024; 20:3-24. [PMID: 37861969 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-023-10639-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
Tumorigenic Cancer Stem Cells (CSCs), often called tumor-initiating cells (TICs), represent a unique subset of cells within the tumor milieu. They stand apart from the bulk of tumor cells due to their exceptional self-renewal, metastatic, and differentiation capabilities. Despite significant progress in classifying CSCs, these cells remain notably resilient to conventional radiotherapy and chemotherapy, contributing to cancer recurrence. In this review, our objective is to explore novel avenues of research that delve into the distinctive characteristics of CSCs within their surrounding tumor microenvironment (TME). We will start with an overview of the defining features of CSCs and then delve into their intricate interactions with cells from the lymphoid lineage, namely T cells, B cells, and natural killer (NK) cells. Furthermore, we will discuss their dynamic interplay with myeloid lineage cells, including macrophages, neutrophils, and myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs). Moreover, we will illuminate the crosstalk between CSCs and cells of mesenchymal origin, specifically fibroblasts, adipocytes, and endothelial cells. Subsequently, we will underscore the pivotal role of CSCs within the context of the tumor-associated extracellular matrix (ECM). Finally, we will highlight pre-clinical and clinical studies that target CSCs within the intricate landscape of the TME, including CAR-T therapy, oncolytic viruses, and CSC-vaccines, with the ultimate goal of uncovering novel avenues for CSC-based cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mia C Borlongan
- College of Medicine, California Northstate University, 9700 West Taron Drive, Elk Grove, CA, 95757, USA
| | - Dipongkor Saha
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences College of Pharmacy, California Northstate University, 9700 West Taron Drive, Elk Grove, CA, 95757, USA.
| | - Hongbin Wang
- College of Medicine, California Northstate University, 9700 West Taron Drive, Elk Grove, CA, 95757, USA.
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences College of Pharmacy, California Northstate University, 9700 West Taron Drive, Elk Grove, CA, 95757, USA.
- Master Program of Pharmaceutical Sciences College of Graduate Studies, Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences College of Pharmacy, Department of Basic Science College of Medicine, California Northstate University, 9700 West Taron Drive, Elk Grove, CA, 95757, USA.
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47
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Azizi A, Mansouri N, Tarlan M, Sadeghi M. Analysis of Interleukin-6 Gene Variants ( rs1800795, rs1800796, rs1554606, rs1800797, rs2069840, rs12700386, and rs2069861) as Prognostic Markers in Breast Cancer: A Systematic Review, Meta-Analysis, and Network Analysis. J Interferon Cytokine Res 2024; 44:3-15. [PMID: 38029374 DOI: 10.1089/jir.2023.0090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Interleukin-6 (IL-6) has obviously tumor-promoting and tumor-inhibitory effects and can induce an epithelial-mesenchymal transition phenotype in human breast cancer (BC) cells and implicate its potential to promote BC metastasis. Herein, we aimed to evaluate the association of IL-6 variants (rs1800795, rs1800796, rs1554606, rs1800797, rs2069840, rs12700386, and rs2069861) with the susceptibility to BC. The databases of PubMed/Medline, Web of Science, Scopus, and Cochrane Library were searched until December 19, 2022, without any restrictions. The quality assessment of each study was performed based on the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale tool. The Review Manager 5.3 software presented the effect sizes including odds ratio (OR) along with a 95% confidence interval (CI). Both publication bias and sensitivity analyses were carried out by the Comprehensive Meta-Analysis version 2.0 software. A total of 2,508 records were identified among databases and at last, 27 articles were entered into the meta-analysis. Seven polymorphisms of IL-6 were entered into the analyses. Just rs1800797 polymorphism in the dominant model (OR = 1.51; 95% CI = 1.15-2.00; P = 0.003) and rs2069840 polymorphism in heterozygous (OR = 0.89; 95% CI = 0.81-0.97; P = 0.008) and dominant (OR = 0.91; 95% CI = 0.84-0.99; P = 0.02) models had a significant association with the BC risk. In conclusion, among 7 polymorphisms and despite a few included cases, the present meta-analysis recommended that the AA+GA genotype of rs1800797 polymorphism had a significantly elevated risk and the GC and the CC+GC genotypes of rs2069840 polymorphism had a protective role in the BC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Azizi
- Social Development and Health Promotion Research Center, Department of Family and Community Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Nasrin Mansouri
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Clinical Research Development Center, Imam Reza Hospital, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Mitra Tarlan
- Department of Physiology, Clinical Research Development Center, Imam Reza Hospital, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Masoud Sadeghi
- Medical Biology Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
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48
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De Rubis G, Paudel KR, Yeung S, Agarwal V, Hansbro PM, Oliver BGG, Dua K. Ribavirin attenuates carcinogenesis by downregulating IL-6 and IL-8 in vitro in human lung adenocarcinoma. Pathol Res Pract 2024; 253:155038. [PMID: 38101157 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2023.155038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Revised: 12/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
Lung cancer is one of the leading causes of death worldwide, whereby the major contributing factors are cigarette smoking and exposure to environmental pollutants. Despite the availability of numerous treatment options, including chemotherapy, the five-year survival rate is still extremely low, highlighting the urgent need to develop novel, more effective therapeutic strategies. In this context, the repurposing of previously approved drugs is an advantage in terms of time and resources invested. Ribavirin is an antiviral drug approved for the treatment of hepatitis C, which shows potential for repurposing as an anticancer agent. Among the many signaling molecules promoting carcinogenesis, the interleukins (ILs) IL-6 and IL-8 are interesting therapeutic targets as they promote a variety of cancer hallmarks such as cell proliferation, migration, metastasis, and angiogenesis. In the present study, we show that ribavirin significantly downregulates the expression of IL-6 and IL-8 in vitro in A549 human lung adenocarcinoma cells. The results of this study shed light on the anticancer mechanisms of ribavirin, providing further proof of its potential as a repurposed drug for the treatment of lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriele De Rubis
- Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia; Faculty of Health, Australian Research Centre in Complementary and Integrative Medicine, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, Australia
| | - Keshav Raj Paudel
- Centre for Inflammation, Centenary Institute and University of Technology Sydney, Faculty of Science, School of Life Sciences, Sydney 2007, Australia
| | - Stewart Yeung
- Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia; Faculty of Health, Australian Research Centre in Complementary and Integrative Medicine, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, Australia
| | - Vipul Agarwal
- Cluster for Advanced Macromolecular Design (CAMD), School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Philip Michael Hansbro
- Centre for Inflammation, Centenary Institute and University of Technology Sydney, Faculty of Science, School of Life Sciences, Sydney 2007, Australia
| | - Brian Gregory George Oliver
- School of Life Science, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia; Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Kamal Dua
- Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia; Faculty of Health, Australian Research Centre in Complementary and Integrative Medicine, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, Australia.
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49
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Diacci C, Burtscher B, Berto M, Ruoko TP, Lienemann S, Greco P, Berggren M, Borsari M, Simon DT, Bortolotti CA, Biscarini F. Organic Electrochemical Transistor Aptasensor for Interleukin-6 Detection. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023. [PMID: 38141020 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c12397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate an organic electrochemical transistor (OECT) biosensor for the detection of interleukin 6 (IL6), an important biomarker associated with various pathological processes, including chronic inflammation, inflammaging, cancer, and severe COVID-19 infection. The biosensor is functionalized with oligonucleotide aptamers engineered to bind specifically IL6. We developed an easy functionalization strategy based on gold nanoparticles deposited onto a poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) doped with polystyrenesulfonate (PEDOT:PSS) gate electrode for the subsequent electrodeposition of thiolated aptamers. During this functionalization step, the reduction of sulfide bonds allows for simultaneous deposition of a blocking agent. A detection range from picomolar to nanomolar concentrations for IL6 was achieved, and the selectivity of the device was assessed against Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF), another cytokine involved in the inflammatory processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Diacci
- Laboratory of Organic Electronics, Department of Science and Technology, Linköping University, 601 74, Norrköping, Sweden
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita, Università di Modena e Reggio Emilia, via Campi 103, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Bernhard Burtscher
- Laboratory of Organic Electronics, Department of Science and Technology, Linköping University, 601 74, Norrköping, Sweden
| | - Marcello Berto
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita, Università di Modena e Reggio Emilia, via Campi 103, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Tero-Petri Ruoko
- Laboratory of Organic Electronics, Department of Science and Technology, Linköping University, 601 74, Norrköping, Sweden
| | - Samuel Lienemann
- Laboratory of Organic Electronics, Department of Science and Technology, Linköping University, 601 74, Norrköping, Sweden
| | - Pierpaolo Greco
- Department of Neuroscience and Rehabilitation, Università di Ferrara, Via Borsari 46, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
- Center for Translational Neurophysiology of Speech and Communication, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, via Fossato di Mortara 17-193, 44100 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Magnus Berggren
- Laboratory of Organic Electronics, Department of Science and Technology, Linköping University, 601 74, Norrköping, Sweden
| | - Marco Borsari
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Geologiche, Università di Modena e Reggio Emilia, via Campi 103, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Daniel T Simon
- Laboratory of Organic Electronics, Department of Science and Technology, Linköping University, 601 74, Norrköping, Sweden
| | - Carlo A Bortolotti
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita, Università di Modena e Reggio Emilia, via Campi 103, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Fabio Biscarini
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita, Università di Modena e Reggio Emilia, via Campi 103, 41125 Modena, Italy
- Center for Translational Neurophysiology of Speech and Communication, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, via Fossato di Mortara 17-193, 44100 Ferrara, Italy
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50
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Valente R, Cordeiro S, Luz A, Melo MC, Rodrigues CR, Baptista PV, Fernandes AR. Doxorubicin-sensitive and -resistant colorectal cancer spheroid models: assessing tumor microenvironment features for therapeutic modulation. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1310397. [PMID: 38188017 PMCID: PMC10771845 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1310397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction: The research on tumor microenvironment (TME) has recently been gaining attention due to its important role in tumor growth, progression, and response to therapy. Because of this, the development of three-dimensional cancer models that mimic the interactions in the TME and the tumor structure and complexity is of great relevance to cancer research and drug development. Methods: This study aimed to characterize colorectal cancer spheroids overtime and assess how the susceptibility or resistance to doxorubicin (Dox) or the inclusion of fibroblasts in heterotypic spheroids influence and modulate their secretory activity, namely the release of extracellular vesicles (EVs), and the response to Dox-mediated chemotherapy. Different characteristics were assessed over time, namely spheroid growth, viability, presence of hypoxia, expression of hypoxia and inflammation-associated genes and proteins. Due to the importance of EVs in biomarker discovery with impact on early diagnostics, prognostics and response to treatment, proteomic profiling of the EVs released by the different 3D spheroid models was also assessed. Response to treatment was also monitored by assessing Dox internalization and its effects on the different 3D spheroid structures and on the cell viability. Results and Discussion: The results show that distinct features are affected by both Dox resistance and the presence of fibroblasts. Fibroblasts can stabilize spheroid models, through the modulation of their growth, viability, hypoxia and inflammation levels, as well as the expressions of its associated transcripts/proteins, and promotes alterations in the protein profile exhibit by EVs. Summarily, fibroblasts can increase cell-cell and cell-extracellular matrix interactions, making the heterotypic spheroids a great model to study TME and understand TME role in chemotherapies resistance. Dox resistance induction is shown to influence the internalization of Dox, especially in homotypic spheroids, and it is also shown to influence cell viability and consequently the chemoresistance of those spheroids when exposed to Dox. Taken together these results highlight the importance of finding and characterizing different 3D models resembling more closely the in vivo interactions of tumors with their microenvironment as well as modulating drug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruben Valente
- Associate Laboratory i4HB–Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, NOVA School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, Caparica, Portugal
- UCIBIO–Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Department of Life Sciences, NOVA School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, Caparica, Portugal
| | - Sandra Cordeiro
- Associate Laboratory i4HB–Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, NOVA School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, Caparica, Portugal
- UCIBIO–Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Department of Life Sciences, NOVA School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, Caparica, Portugal
| | - André Luz
- Associate Laboratory i4HB–Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, NOVA School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, Caparica, Portugal
- UCIBIO–Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Department of Life Sciences, NOVA School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, Caparica, Portugal
| | - Maria C. Melo
- Associate Laboratory i4HB–Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, NOVA School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, Caparica, Portugal
- UCIBIO–Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Department of Life Sciences, NOVA School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, Caparica, Portugal
| | - Catarina Roma Rodrigues
- Associate Laboratory i4HB–Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, NOVA School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, Caparica, Portugal
- UCIBIO–Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Department of Life Sciences, NOVA School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, Caparica, Portugal
| | - Pedro V. Baptista
- Associate Laboratory i4HB–Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, NOVA School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, Caparica, Portugal
- UCIBIO–Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Department of Life Sciences, NOVA School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, Caparica, Portugal
| | - Alexandra R. Fernandes
- Associate Laboratory i4HB–Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, NOVA School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, Caparica, Portugal
- UCIBIO–Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Department of Life Sciences, NOVA School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, Caparica, Portugal
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