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Wei F, Cheng H, Sang N. Comprehensive assessment of estrogenic activities of parabens by in silico approach and in vitro assays. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 845:157194. [PMID: 35810903 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.157194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Revised: 06/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Parabens are ubiquitous pollutants in the environment and humans due to their wide applications in food, pharmaceuticals, and personal care products. Although the estrogenic activity of some parabens has been confirmed, the underlying mechanisms and the structure-estrogenic activity relationship are still largely unclear. Here, we systematically used in silico and in vitro approaches to investigate the estrogenic potency of typical parabens, including methyl-, ethyl-, propyl-, iso-propyl-, butyl-, iso-butyl- and benzyl-paraben. Molecular dynamics simulations and binding free energy calculations were combined to investigate the atomic-level mechanism of paraben binding to estrogen receptors (ERs). Computational analysis showed that ER were the targets of tested parabens and kept a stable agonist conformation. The calculated total binding free energies suggested that van der Waals interactions were the major driving forces for paraben-ER interaction and correlated with the structure of paraben side chains. In in vitro assays, paraben with an aromatic side chain, benzyl-paraben, showed the strongest estrogenic activity at 0.01 μM and the EC50 at 0.796 ± 0.307 μM, on par with levels commonly detected in human organs. Among tested parabens with an alkyl side chain, the estrogenicity increased as the side chain length increased from 1 to 4, but no significant difference appeared between parabens with isomeric alkyl side chains (propyl- vs isopropyl and butyl- vs iso-butylparaben). The estrogenic activity of parabens was significantly related to the calculated binding energies (R2 = 0.94, p = 0.0012), depending on the side chains of parabens. Our findings provide a significant mechanism for parabens to disrupt estrogenic function and considerations for structural optimization from the perspective of environmental protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Wei
- College of Environment and Resource, Research Center of Environment and Health, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, China; Department of Environmental Engineering, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310018, China
| | - Hefa Cheng
- College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Nan Sang
- College of Environment and Resource, Research Center of Environment and Health, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, China.
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2
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Xu H, Su J, Ku T, Liu QS, Liang J, Ren Z, Zhou Q, Jiang G. Constructing an MCF-7 breast cancer cell-based transient transfection assay for screening RARα (Ant)agonistic activities of emerging phenolic compounds. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 435:129024. [PMID: 35523094 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.129024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Revised: 04/23/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The screening of compounds with endocrine disrupting effects has been attracting increasing attention due to the continuous release of emerging chemicals into the environment. Testing the (ant)agonistic activities of these chemicals on the retinoic acid receptor α (RARα), a vital nuclear receptor, is necessary to explain their perturbation in the endocrine system in vivo. In the present study, MCF-7 breast carcinoma cells were transiently transfected with a RARα expression vector (pEF1α-RARα-RFP) and a reporter vector containing a retinoic acid reaction element (pRARE-TA-Luc). Under optimized conditions, the performance of the newly constructed system was evaluated for its feasibility in screening the (ant)agonistic effects of emerging phenolic compounds on RARα. The results showed that this transient transfection cell model responded well to stimulation with (ant)agonists of RARα, and the EC50 and IC50 values were 0.87 nM and 2.67 μM for AM580 and Ro41-5253, respectively. Its application in testing several emerging phenolic compounds revealed that triclosan (TCS) and tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA) exerted notable RARα antagonistic activities. This newly developed bioassay based on MCF-7 is promising in identifying the agonistic or antagonistic activities of xenobiotics on RARα and has good potential for studying RARα signaling-involved toxicological effects of emerging chemicals of concern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanqing Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Ecological Treatment Technology for Urban Water Pollution, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Jiahui Su
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Tingting Ku
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; College of Environment and Resources, Research Center of Environment and Health, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Qian S Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Jiefeng Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; Sino-Danish College, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zhihua Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Qunfang Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Institute of Environment and Health, Jianghan University, Wuhan 430056, China.
| | - Guibin Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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Ma Q, Yang X, Guo Y, Wang Y, Liu Y, Zhang S, Xie HQ, Xiang T, Li Z, Nie T, Yan Y, Qu G, Jiang G. Effect-directed analysis of estrogenic chemicals in sediments from an electronic-waste recycling area. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 306:119369. [PMID: 35513195 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.119369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Revised: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Electronic waste (e-waste) pollution is of great concern due to the release of hazardous chemicals during the improper e-waste disposal. Many chemicals leached from e-waste were reported to pose estrogenic effects. To date, little is known regarding the occurrence and biological effects of estrogenic chemicals in sediments near an e-waste area. In this study, an effect-directed analysis (EDA) is applied to determine the estrogenic chemicals in sediments of four sites collected from a typical e-waste recycling city in China. Following screening with the ER-CALUX assay, the extract of sample with the most potent effect was subjected in fractionation using reverse phase liquid chromatography. Based on a target analysis for the active fractions, four compounds, including estrone, 17β-estradiol, 17α-ethinylestradiol and bisphenol A, were identified, and these contributed to 17% of the total toxic effects in the sample. A further nontarget analysis screened four candidates, namely diethylstilbestrol (DES), hexestrol (HES), nandrolone and durabolin, and the total contribution was found to be 48% from the active sample. Specifically, DES and HES were only detected in the active sample and were found to be the primary drivers of estrogenic effects. An examination of the identified chemicals in the four sites indicated that these estrogenic chemicals may originate from e-waste recycling, livestock excretion and domestic waste. These findings uncovered the estrogenic pollutants in sediments from an e-waste area. Considering single endpoint in biological assay is not abundant to screen chemicals with different toxic effects, further EDA studies with multiple endpoints are required to better understand the occurrence of representative or unknown chemicals in e-waste-polluted areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianchi Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xiaoxi Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China.
| | - Yunhe Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; College of Environmental and Resource Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Yi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China; Institute of Environment and Health, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, UCAS, Hangzhou, 310000, China
| | - Yanna Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China
| | - Songyan Zhang
- Engineering Laboratory of Shenzhen Natural Small Molecule Innovative Drugs, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Heidi Qunhui Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Tongtong Xiang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China
| | - Zikang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Tong Nie
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; Institute of Environment and Health, Jianghan University, Wuhan, 430056, China
| | - Yuhao Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Guangbo Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China; Institute of Environment and Health, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, UCAS, Hangzhou, 310000, China
| | - Guibin Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China; College of Environmental and Resource Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China; Institute of Environment and Health, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, UCAS, Hangzhou, 310000, China
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Robitaille J, Denslow ND, Escher BI, Kurita-Oyamada HG, Marlatt V, Martyniuk CJ, Navarro-Martín L, Prosser R, Sanderson T, Yargeau V, Langlois VS. Towards regulation of Endocrine Disrupting chemicals (EDCs) in water resources using bioassays - A guide to developing a testing strategy. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 205:112483. [PMID: 34863984 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.112483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) are found in every environmental medium and are chemically diverse. Their presence in water resources can negatively impact the health of both human and wildlife. Currently, there are no mandatory screening mandates or regulations for EDC levels in complex water samples globally. Bioassays, which allow quantifying in vivo or in vitro biological effects of chemicals are used commonly to assess acute toxicity in water. The existing OECD framework to identify single-compound EDCs offers a set of bioassays that are validated for the Estrogen-, Androgen-, and Thyroid hormones, and for Steroidogenesis pathways (EATS). In this review, we discussed bioassays that could be potentially used to screen EDCs in water resources, including in vivo and in vitro bioassays using invertebrates, fish, amphibians, and/or mammalians species. Strengths and weaknesses of samples preparation for complex water samples are discussed. We also review how to calculate the Effect-Based Trigger values, which could serve as thresholds to determine if a given water sample poses a risk based on existing quality standards. This work aims to assist governments and regulatory agencies in developing a testing strategy towards regulation of EDCs in water resources worldwide. The main recommendations include 1) opting for internationally validated cell reporter in vitro bioassays to reduce animal use & cost; 2) testing for cell viability (a critical parameter) when using in vitro bioassays; and 3) evaluating the recovery of the water sample preparation method selected. This review also highlights future research avenues for the EDC screening revolution (e.g., 3D tissue culture, transgenic animals, OMICs, and Adverse Outcome Pathways (AOPs)).
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Robitaille
- Centre Eau Terre Environnement, Institut National de La Recherche Scientifique (INRS), Quebec City, QC, Canada
| | | | - Beate I Escher
- Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Leipzig, Germany; Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | | | - Vicki Marlatt
- Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada
| | | | - Laia Navarro-Martín
- Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA-CSIC), Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Thomas Sanderson
- Centre Armand-Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, INRS, Laval, QC, Canada
| | | | - Valerie S Langlois
- Centre Eau Terre Environnement, Institut National de La Recherche Scientifique (INRS), Quebec City, QC, Canada.
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5
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Chen Q, Zhou C, Shi W, Wang X, Xia P, Song M, Liu J, Zhu H, Zhang X, Wei S, Yu H. Mechanistic in silico modeling of bisphenols to predict estrogen and glucocorticoid disrupting potentials. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 728:138854. [PMID: 32570315 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.138854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2020] [Revised: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) can act as agonists, antagonists or mixed agonists/antagonists toward estrogen receptor α (ERα) and glucocorticoid receptor (GR) in a tissue- and cell-specific manner. However, the activation/inhibition mechanism by which structurally different chemicals induce various types of disruption remain ambiguous. This unrevealed theory limited the in silico modeling of EDCs and the prioritization of potential EDCs for experimental testing. As a kind of chemical widely used in manufacture, bisphenols (BPs) have attracted great attentions on their potential endocrine disrupting effects. BPs used in this study exhibited pure agonistic, pure antagonistic or mixed agonistic/antagonistic activities toward ERα and/or GR. According to the mechanistic modeling, the pure agonistic and pure antagonistic activities were attributed to a single type of protein conformation induced by BPs-ERα and/or BPs-GR interactions, whereas the mixed agonistic/antagonistic activities were attributed to multiple conformations that concomitantly exist. After interacting with BPs, the active conformation recruits coactivator to induce agonistic activity and the blocked conformation inhibits coactivator to induce antagonistic activity, whereas the concomitantly-existing multiple conformations (active, blocked and competing conformations) recruit coactivator, recruit corepressor and/or inhibit coactivator to dually induce the agonistic and antagonistic activities. Therefore, the in silico modeling in this study can not only predict ERα and GR disrupting activities but also, especially, identify the potential mechanisms. This mechanistic study breaks the current bottleneck of computational toxicology and can be widely used to prioritize potential estrogen/glucocorticoid disruptor for experimental testing in both pre-clinic and clinic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinchang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, People's Republic of China; Jiangsu Environmental Monitoring Center, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, People's Republic of China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Chengzhuo Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, People's Republic of China; Jiangsu Environmental Monitoring Center, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, People's Republic of China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, People's Republic of China; Jiangsu Environmental Monitoring Center, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, People's Republic of China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xiaoxiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, People's Republic of China; Jiangsu Environmental Monitoring Center, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, People's Republic of China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Pu Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, People's Republic of China; Jiangsu Environmental Monitoring Center, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, People's Republic of China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Maoyong Song
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Liu
- College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University, Camden, NJ 08102, USA
| | - Xiaowei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, People's Republic of China; Jiangsu Environmental Monitoring Center, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, People's Republic of China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Si Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, People's Republic of China; Jiangsu Environmental Monitoring Center, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, People's Republic of China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongxia Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, People's Republic of China; Jiangsu Environmental Monitoring Center, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, People's Republic of China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, People's Republic of China
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6
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Feng H, Cao H, Li J, Zhang H, Xue Q, Liu X, Zhang A, Fu J. Estrogenic activity of benzotriazole UV stabilizers evaluated through in vitro assays and computational studies. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 727:138549. [PMID: 32330715 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.138549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Revised: 04/05/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Benzotriazole UV stabilizers (BUVs) are used in a variety of products to prevent yellowing and degradation. However, knowledge of the estrogenic activity of BUVs is still lacking. In the present study, a strategy combining in vitro assays and computational studies was adopted to evaluate the estrogenic activity of BUVs. 2-(2-Hydroxy-5-methlphenyl) benzotriazole (UV-P), 2-(5-tert-butyl-2-hydroxyphenyl)benzotriazole (UV-PS), and 2-(3-Allyl-2-hydroxy-5-methylphenyl)-2H-benzotriazole (UV-9) induced partial estrogenic activity while 2-(2-hydroxy-5-tert-octyl-phenyl)benzotriazole (UV-329), 2-(3-s-butyl-5-tert-butyl-2-hydroxyphenyl)benzotriazole (UV-350), and 3-(2H-benzotriazolyl)-5- (1,1-di-methylethyl)-4-hydroxy-benzene-propanoic acid octyl esters (UV-384) showed no estrogenic activity in MVLN assays. The results of in vitro assays were in accord with the results of computational studies. Moreover, ICI 182,780 suppressed the estrogenic activity of BUVs both in the absence and presence of E2, demonstrating that the estrogen responsive element (ERE) transcription activities of BUVs are generated through an estrogen receptor (ER) mediated pathway. Our findings suggest that the endocrine disruption effects of BUVs are a cause for concern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongru Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100085, China; College of Resource and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China; Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Huiming Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100085, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Environmental and Health Effects of Persistent Toxic Substances, Institute of Environment and Health, Jianghan University, Wuhan 430056, China
| | - Juan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Haiyan Zhang
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China
| | - Qiao Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Xian Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Aiqian Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100085, China; College of Resource and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.
| | - Jianjie Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100085, China.
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Xin Y, Wan B, Yu B, Fan Y, Chen D, Guo LH. Chlorinated Polyfluoroalkylether Sulfonic Acids Exhibit Stronger Estrogenic Effects than Perfluorooctane Sulfonate by Activating Nuclear Estrogen Receptor Pathways. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2020; 54:3455-3464. [PMID: 31927955 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.9b07708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Chlorinated polyfluoroalkylether sulfonic acids (Cl-PFESAs) have been shown to have potential thyroid hormone (TH) disruption effects. Here, we further investigated their estrogenic effects and underlying mechanisms. In vivo results revealed that exposure of zebrafish to Cl-PFESAs induced disorder of sex hormones during the early embryonic stages and caused histopathological lesions in the gonads of adult zebrafish relative to control groups. To find out whether the estrogen receptor is the molecular target of Cl-PFESAs, the binding interaction between Cl-PFESAs and ERs was investigated using a series of in vitro assays. We found that all tested chemicals could bind directly to ERs and exhibit relatively weak agonistic activity toward ERs, suggesting that the ER-mediated signaling pathway is directly involved in the estrogenic effects of Cl-PFESAs. The internal dose of 8:2 Cl-PFESA was significantly higher than the others, which explained why it obviously displayed an ER agonistic effect despite its weak ER binding affinity. Taken together, these results uncover that, in addition to the TH disruption effect, Cl-PFESAs might also cause estrogenic effects by activating ER pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Xin
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510150, China
- Institute for Immunology, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Eco-Toxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Bin Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Eco-Toxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Bolan Yu
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510150, China
| | - Yong Fan
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510150, China
| | - De Chen
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510150, China
| | - Liang-Hong Guo
- Institute of Environmental and Health Sciences, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310018, China
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8
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Deich C, Kanwischer M, Jähne M, Waniek JJ. Patterns of estrogenic activity in the Baltic Sea. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 240:124870. [PMID: 31550586 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.124870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2019] [Revised: 09/08/2019] [Accepted: 09/13/2019] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Compounds such as estradiol and ethinylestradiol belong to contaminants of emerging concern, as they can disrupt the endocrine system of an organism with a hormonal system. The determination of such compounds is still challenging due to required low detection and quantification limits. Bioassays have proved to be sensitive tools for investigating the full potential of all compounds that can elicit an estrogenic response. In this study, surface water samples from different sampling sites and seasons in the Baltic Sea were analyzed for estrogenic activity with the Arxula adeninivorans yeast estrogen screen. Observed estradiol equivalent concentrations were in the range of <LOD - 0.38ngL-1. In general, a seasonal trend was observed, i.e., with an increase in water temperature in late spring, estradiol equivalent concentrations rose suddenly and decreased as abruptly when the temperature declined in autumn. An initial risk assessment shows that observed estradiol equivalent concentrations potentially affect organisms at a medium risk level based on determined risk quotients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carina Deich
- Leibniz Institute for Baltic Sea Research Warnemünde, Seestraße 15, 18119, Rostock, Germany.
| | - Marion Kanwischer
- Leibniz Institute for Baltic Sea Research Warnemünde, Seestraße 15, 18119, Rostock, Germany
| | - Martin Jähne
- QuoData GmbH, Prellerstraße 14, 01309, Dresden, Germany
| | - Joanna J Waniek
- Leibniz Institute for Baltic Sea Research Warnemünde, Seestraße 15, 18119, Rostock, Germany
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Morgan MM, Arendt LM, Alarid ET, Beebe DJ, Johnson BP. Mammary adipose stromal cells derived from obese women reduce sensitivity to the aromatase inhibitor anastrazole in an organotypic breast model. FASEB J 2019; 33:8623-8633. [PMID: 31002529 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201802347rrr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Aromatase inhibitors are the preferred treatment for certain women with estrogen receptor (ER)-positive breast cancer, but evidence suggests that women with obesity experience aromatase inhibitor resistance at higher rates. To compare how stromal cells derived from women who are lean or obese influence response to the aromatase inhibitor (anastrazole), we incorporated patient-derived stroma in a previously characterized MCF7-derived in vitro duct model. Coculture with adipose stromal cells enabled the metabolism of testosterone (T) to E2, which induced estrogen response element activity, epithelial proliferation, and hyperplasia in MCF7 cells. The effects of T were inhibited by the ER antagonist tamoxifen and aromatase inhibitor anastrazole and were increased by the aromatase inducer dexamethasone. Primary mammary adipose stromal cells derived from women with obesity displayed increased aromatase mRNA compared with lean controls. MCF7-derived ducts cocultured with obese stromal cells exhibited higher maximal aromatization-induced ER transactivation and reduced anastrazole sensitivity, a difference not seen in 2-dimensional coculture. Finally, tamoxifen was more effective than anastrazole at reducing aromatization-induced ER transactivation and proliferation. These findings suggest that patient-specific responses to hormone therapies can be modeled and studied organotypically in vitro and add to evidence advocating obesity as a parameter to consider when identifying treatments for patients with ER-positive breast cancer.-Morgan, M. M., Arendt, L. M., Alarid, E. T., Beebe, D. J., Johnson, B. P. Mammary adipose stromal cells derived from obese women reduce sensitivity to the aromatase inhibitor anastrazole in an organotypic breast model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Molly M Morgan
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Lisa M Arendt
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA.,Carbone Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Elaine T Alarid
- Department of Oncology, University Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA.,Carbone Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - David J Beebe
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA.,Carbone Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Brian P Johnson
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
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10
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Toušová Z, Vrana B, Smutná M, Novák J, Klučárová V, Grabic R, Slobodník J, Giesy JP, Hilscherová K. Analytical and bioanalytical assessments of organic micropollutants in the Bosna River using a combination of passive sampling, bioassays and multi-residue analysis. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 650:1599-1612. [PMID: 30308846 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.08.336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Revised: 08/24/2018] [Accepted: 08/24/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Complex mixtures of contaminants from multiple sources, including agriculture, industry or wastewater enter aquatic environments and might pose hazards or risks to humans or wildlife. Targeted analyses of a few priority substances provide limited information about water quality. In this study, a combined chemical and effect screening of water quality in the River Bosna, in Bosnia and Herzegovina was carried out, with focus on occurrence and effects of contaminants of emerging concern. Chemicals in water were sampled at 10 sites along the Bosna River by use of passive sampling. The combination of semipermeable membrane devices (SPMDs) and polar organic chemical integrative samplers (POCIS) enabled sampling of a broad range of contaminants from hydrophobic (PAHs, PCBs, OCPs) to hydrophilic compounds (pesticides, pharmaceuticals and hormones), which were determined by use of GC-MS and LC-MS (MS). In vitro, cell-based bioassays were applied to assess (anti)androgenic, estrogenic and dioxin-like potencies of extracts of the samplers. Of a total of 168 targeted compounds, 107 were detected at least once. Cumulative pollutant concentrations decreased downstream from the city of Sarajevo, which was identified as the major source of organic pollutants in the area. Responses in all bioassays were observed for samples from all sites. In general, estrogenicity could be well explained by analysis of target estrogens, while the drivers of the other observed effects remained largely unknown. Profiling of hazard quotients identified two sites downstream of Sarajevo as hotspots of biological potency. Risk assessment of detected compounds revealed, that 7 compounds (diazinon, diclofenac, 17β-estradiol, estrone, benzo[k]fluoranthene, fluoranthene and benzo[k]fluoranthene) might pose risks to aquatic biota in the Bosna River. The study brings unique results of a complex water quality assessment in a region with an insufficient water treatment infrastructure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuzana Toušová
- Masaryk University, Faculty of Science, RECETOX, Kamenice 753/5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic; Environmental Institute (EI), Okružná 784/42, 972 41 Koš, Slovakia
| | - Branislav Vrana
- Masaryk University, Faculty of Science, RECETOX, Kamenice 753/5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic; Water Research Institute, Nabr. Arm. Gen. L. Svobodu 5, 812 49 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Marie Smutná
- Masaryk University, Faculty of Science, RECETOX, Kamenice 753/5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Novák
- Masaryk University, Faculty of Science, RECETOX, Kamenice 753/5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Veronika Klučárová
- Slovak University of Technology, Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Radlinskeho 9, 812 37 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Roman Grabic
- University of South Bohemia in Ceske Budejovice, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Zatisi 728/II, CZ-389 25 Vodnany, Czech Republic
| | | | - John Paul Giesy
- Dept. Biomedical Veterinary Sciences and Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, 52 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5B4, Saskatchewan, Canada; School of Biological Sciences, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, People's Republic of China; State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Klára Hilscherová
- Masaryk University, Faculty of Science, RECETOX, Kamenice 753/5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic.
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11
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Baderna D, Caloni F, Benfenati E. Investigating landfill leachate toxicity in vitro: A review of cell models and endpoints. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2019; 122:21-30. [PMID: 30448364 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2018.11.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2018] [Revised: 11/05/2018] [Accepted: 11/12/2018] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Landfill leachate is a complex mixture characterized by high toxicity and able to contaminate soils and waters surrounding the dumpsite, especially in developing countries where engineered landfills are still rare. Leachate pollution can severely damage natural ecosystems and harm human health. Traditionally, the hazard assessment of leachate is based on physicochemical characterization but the toxicity is not considered. In the last few decades, different bioassays have been used to assess the toxicity of this complex matrix, including human-related in vitro models. This article reviews the cell bioassays successfully used for the risk assessment of leachate and to evaluate the efficiency of toxicity removal of several processes for detoxification of this wastewater. Articles from 2003 to 2018 are covered, focusing mainly on studies that used human cell lines, highlighting the usefulness and adequacy of in vitro models for assessing the hazard involved with exposure to leachate, particularly as an integrative supporting tool for chemical-based risk assessment. Leachate is generally toxic, mutagenic, genotoxic and estrogenic in vitro, and these effects can be measured in the cells exposed to already low concentrations, confirming the serious hazard of this wastewater for human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Baderna
- Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Toxicology, Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Italy.
| | - Francesca Caloni
- Department of Veterinary Medicine (DIMEVET), Università degli Studi di Milano, Italy
| | - Emilio Benfenati
- Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Toxicology, Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Italy
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12
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Livingston MK, Morgan MM, Daly WT, Murphy WL, Johnson BP, Beebe DJ, Virumbrales-Muñoz M. Evaluation of PEG-based hydrogel influence on estrogen receptor driven responses in MCF7 breast cancer cells. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2019; 5:6089-6098. [PMID: 31942444 PMCID: PMC6961958 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.9b00480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Extracellular matrix (ECM) mimicking hydrogel scaffolds have greatly improved the physiological relevance of in vitro assays, but introduce another dimension that creates variability in cell related readouts when compared to traditional 2D cells-on-plastic assays. We have developed a synthetic poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) based ECM mimicking hydrogel and tested it against two gold standard animal-based naturally derived hydrogel scaffolds in MCF7 cell response. We have used the percent coefficient of variation (CV) as a metric to evaluate the reproducibility of said responses. Results indicated that PEG hydrogels performed similarly to naturally derived gold standards, and variance was similar in basic characterization assays, such as viability and cell adherence. PEG based hydrogels had lower CV values in estrogen receptor driven responses to several doses of estrogen in both estrogen receptor transactivation and estrogen induced proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan K. Livingston
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, WI 53706
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 750 Highland Ave, Madison, WI 53726
| | - Molly M. Morgan
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 750 Highland Ave, Madison, WI 53726
| | - William T. Daly
- Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1111 Highland Ave, Madison, WI 55705
| | - William L. Murphy
- Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1111 Highland Ave, Madison, WI 55705
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1550 Engineering Dr, Madison, WI 53706
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1509 University Ave, Madison, WI 53706
| | - Brian P. Johnson
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 750 Highland Ave, Madison, WI 53726
| | - David J. Beebe
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 750 Highland Ave, Madison, WI 53726
| | - Maria Virumbrales-Muñoz
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 750 Highland Ave, Madison, WI 53726
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13
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Bjerregaard-Olesen C, Bach CC, Long M, Wielsøe M, Bech BH, Henriksen TB, Olsen J, Bonefeld-Jørgensen EC. Associations of Fetal Growth Outcomes with Measures of the Combined Xenoestrogenic Activity of Maternal Serum Perfluorinated Alkyl Acids in Danish Pregnant Women. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2019; 127:17006. [PMID: 30676078 PMCID: PMC6381822 DOI: 10.1289/ehp1884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2017] [Revised: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 12/24/2018] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Higher concentrations of single perfluorinated alkyl acids (PFAAs) have been associated with lower birth weight (BW), but few studies have examined the combined effects of PFAA mixtures. PFAAs have been reported to induce estrogen receptor (ER) transactivity, and estrogens may influence human fetal growth. We hypothesize that mixtures of PFAAs may affect human fetal growth by disrupting the ER. OBJECTIVES We aimed to study the associations between the combined xenoestrogenic activity of PFAAs in pregnant women's serum and offspring BW, length, and head circumference. METHODS We extracted the actual mixture of PFAAs from the serum of 702 Danish pregnant women (gestational wk 11–13) enrolled in the Aarhus Birth Cohort (ABC) using solid phase extraction, high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and weak anion exchange. PFAA-induced xenoestrogenic receptor transactivation (XER) was determined using the stable transfected MVLN cell line. Associations between XER and measures of fetal growth were estimated using multivariable linear regression with primary adjustment for maternal age, body mass index (BMI), educational level, smoking, and alcohol intake, and sensitivity analyses with additional adjustment for gestational age (GA) (linear and quadratic). RESULTS On average, an interquartile range (IQR) increase in XER was associated with a [Formula: see text] [95% confidence interval (CI): [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text]] decrease in BW and a [Formula: see text] (95% CI: 0.1, 0.5) decrease in birth length. Upon additional adjustment for GA, the estimated mean differences were [Formula: see text] (95% CI: [Formula: see text], 4) and [Formula: see text] (95% CI: [Formula: see text], 0.0), respectively. CONCLUSION Higher-serum PFAA-induced xenoestrogenic activities were associated with lower BW and length in offspring, suggesting that PFAA mixtures may affect fetal growth by disrupting ER function. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP1884.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Bjerregaard-Olesen
- Centre for Arctic Health and Molecular Epidemiology, Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Cathrine Carlsen Bach
- Perinatal Epidemiology Research Unit, Aarhus University Hospital, Skejby, Denmark
- Department of Pediatrics, Aarhus University Hospital, Skejby, Denmark
| | - Manhai Long
- Centre for Arctic Health and Molecular Epidemiology, Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Maria Wielsøe
- Centre for Arctic Health and Molecular Epidemiology, Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Bodil Hammer Bech
- Section for Epidemiology, Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Tine Brink Henriksen
- Perinatal Epidemiology Research Unit, Aarhus University Hospital, Skejby, Denmark
- Department of Pediatrics, Aarhus University Hospital, Skejby, Denmark
| | - Jørn Olsen
- Section for Epidemiology, Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Eva Cecilie Bonefeld-Jørgensen
- Centre for Arctic Health and Molecular Epidemiology, Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Greenland Centre for Health Research, Institute of Nursing and Health Sciences, University of Greenland, Nuuk, Greenland
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14
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He Y, Zhang Y, Martin JW, Alessi DS, Giesy JP, Goss GG. In vitro assessment of endocrine disrupting potential of organic fractions extracted from hydraulic fracturing flowback and produced water (HF-FPW). ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2018; 121:824-831. [PMID: 30342413 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2018.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Revised: 09/11/2018] [Accepted: 10/10/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Potential effects of horizontal drilling combined with high-volume hydraulic fracturing (HF) have drawn significant public concern, especially on the handling, treatment, and disposal of HF flowback and produced water (HF-FPW). Previous studies indicated HF-FPW could significantly disrupt biotransformation and expressions of genes related to the endocrine system. This study focused on effects of organic extracts of HF-FPW on receptor binding activity using several transactivation assays. Six HF-FPW samples were collected from 2 wells (Well A and Well B, 3 time points at each well). These were separated by filtration into aqueous (W) and particulate (S) phases, and organics were extracted from all 12 subsamples. Of all the tested fractions, sample B1-S had the greatest Σ13PAH (11,000 ng/L) and B3-S has the greatest Σ4alkyl-PAHs (16,000 ng/L). Nuclear receptor binding activity of all the extracts on aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR), estrogen receptor (ER), and androgen receptor (AR) were screened using H4IIE-luc, MVLN-luc, and MDA-kb2 cells, respectively. FPWs from various HF wells exhibited distinct nuclear receptor binding effects. The strongest AhR agonist activity was detected in B3-S, with 450 ± 20 μg BaP/L equivalency at 5 × exposure. The greatest ER agonist activity was detected in A1-W, with 5.3 ± 0.9 nM E2 equivalency at 10× exposures. There is a decreasing trend in ER agonist activity from A1 to A3 in both aqueous and particulate fractions from Well A, while there is an increasing trend in ER agonist activity from B1 to B3 in aqueous fractions from Well B. This study provides novel information on the sources of endocrine disruptive potentials in various HF-FPW considering both temporal and spatial variability. Results suggest that reclamation or remediation and risk assessment of HF-FPW spills likely requires multiple strategies including understanding the properties of each spill with respect to fractured geological formation and physiochemical properties of the injected fluid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhe He
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2E9, Canada.
| | - Yifeng Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G3, Canada
| | - Jonathan W Martin
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G3, Canada
| | - Daniel S Alessi
- Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2E3, Canada
| | - John P Giesy
- Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences and Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada; State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control & Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China; School of Biological Sciences, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Global Institute for Water Security, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Greg G Goss
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2E9, Canada.
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15
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Morgan MM, Livingston MK, Warrick JW, Stanek EM, Alarid ET, Beebe DJ, Johnson BP. Mammary fibroblasts reduce apoptosis and speed estrogen-induced hyperplasia in an organotypic MCF7-derived duct model. Sci Rep 2018; 8:7139. [PMID: 29740030 PMCID: PMC5940820 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-25461-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2018] [Accepted: 04/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The estrogen receptor (ER) regulates the survival and growth of breast cancer cells, but it is less clear how components of the tissue microenvironment affect ER-mediated responses. We set out to test how human mammary fibroblasts (HMFs) modulate ER signaling and downstream cellular responses. We exposed an organotypic mammary model consisting of a collagen-embedded duct structure lined with MCF7 cells to 17-β estradiol (E2), with and without HMFs in the surrounding matrix. MCF7 cells grown as ductal structures were polarized and proliferated at rates comparable to in vivo breast tissue. In both culture platforms, exposure to E2 increased ER transactivation, increased proliferation, and induced ductal hyperplasia. When the surrounding matrix contained HMFs, the onset and severity of E2-induced ductal hyperplasia was increased due to decreased apoptosis. The reduced apoptosis may be due to fibroblasts modulating ER signaling in MCF7 cells, as suggested by the increased ER transactivation and reduced ER protein in MCF7 cells grown in co-culture. These findings demonstrate the utility of organotypic platforms when studying stromal:epithelial interactions, and add to existing literature that implicate the mammary microenvironment in ER + breast cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Molly M Morgan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Megan K Livingston
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA.,Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Jay W Warrick
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Eli M Stanek
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Elaine T Alarid
- Department of Oncology, University of Wisconsin Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - David J Beebe
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA.
| | - Brian P Johnson
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA.
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16
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Wangmo C, Jarque S, Hilscherová K, Bláha L, Bittner M. In vitro assessment of sex steroids and related compounds in water and sediments - a critical review. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE. PROCESSES & IMPACTS 2018; 20:270-287. [PMID: 29251308 DOI: 10.1039/c7em00458c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Detection of endocrine disrupting compounds in water and sediment samples has gained much importance since the evidence of their effects was reported in aquatic ecosystems in the 1990s. The aim of this review is to highlight the advances made in the field of in vitro analysis for the detection of hormonally active compounds with estrogenic, androgenic and progestogenic effects in water and sediment samples. In vitro assays have been developed from yeast, mammalian and in a few cases from fish cells. These assays are based either on the hormone-mediated proliferation of sensitive cell lines or on the hormone-mediated expression of reporter genes. In vitro assays in combination with various sample enrichment methods have been used with limits of detection as low as 0.0027 ng L-1 in water, and 0.0026 ng g-1 in sediments for estrogenicity, 0.1 ng L-1 in water, and 0.5 ng g-1 in sediments for androgenicity, and 5 ng L-1 in water for progestogenicity expressed as equivalent concentrations of standard reference compounds of 17β-estradiol, dihydrotestosterone and progesterone, respectively. The experimental results and limits of quantification, however, are influenced by the methods of sample collection, preparation, and individual laboratory practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chimi Wangmo
- Masaryk University, Research Centre for Toxic Compounds in the Environment - RECETOX, Kamenice 5, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic.
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17
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Stallcop LE, Álvarez-García YR, Reyes-Ramos AM, Ramos-Cruz KP, Morgan MM, Shi Y, Li L, Beebe DJ, Domenech M, Warrick JW. Razor-printed sticker microdevices for cell-based applications. LAB ON A CHIP 2018; 18:451-462. [PMID: 29318250 PMCID: PMC5821501 DOI: 10.1039/c7lc00724h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Tape-based razor-printing is a flexible and affordable ultra-rapid prototyping approach for microscale device fabrication. However, integration of this prototyping approach into cell-based assay development has been limited to proof of principle demonstrations. This is in large part due to lack of an established or well-characterized option for biocompatible adhesive tape. Without such an option, integration of these areas will remain unexplored. Therefore, to address this critical hurdle, we characterized microscale devices made using a potentially biocompatible double-sided adhesive, ARCare 90106. We validated tape-based device performance against 96-well plates and PDMS microdevices with respect to cell viability, hydrophobic small molecule sequestration, the potential for leaching compounds, use in fluorescence microscopy, and outgassing (bubble formation). Results supported the tape as a promising tool for future cell-based assay development. Therefore, we subsequently demonstrated specific strengths enabled by the ultra-rapid (<1 h per prototype) and affordable (∼$1200 cutting plotter, <$0.05 per prototype) approach. Specifically, data demonstrate the ability to integrate disparate materials for advanced sticker-device functionality such as bonding of polystyrene devices to glass substrates for microscopy applications, inclusion of membranes, and incorporation of different electrospun biomaterials into a single device. Likewise, the approach allowed rapid adoption by uninitiated users. Overall, this study provides a necessary and unique contribution to the largely separate fields of tape-based razor-printing and cell-based microscale assay development by addressing a critical barrier to widespread integration and adoption while also demonstrating the potential for new and future applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loren E Stallcop
- Dept. of Materials Science - Madison, Univ. of Wisconsin - Madison, WI, USA
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18
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Yang X, Song W, Liu N, Sun Z, Liu R, Liu QS, Zhou Q, Jiang G. Synthetic Phenolic Antioxidants Cause Perturbation in Steroidogenesis in Vitro and in Vivo. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2018; 52:850-858. [PMID: 29236469 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.7b05057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Synthetic phenolic antioxidants (SPAs) are closely correlated with human life due to their extensive usages, and increasing concerns have been raised on their biosafety. The previous controversial findings caused continuous debates on their potential endocrine disrupting effects. In the present study, four commonly used SPAs, including butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA), butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT), tert-butyl hydroquinone (TBHQ) and 2,2'-methylenebis(6-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol) (AO2246), were investigated for their estrogenic effects, and the results from in vitro screening assays showed SPAs themselves had negligible estrogen receptor binding affinities. Nevertheless, significant increase in E2 secretion was observed in H295R cells treated with SPAs, especially for BHA. The transcriptional levels of steroidogenic enzymes, including StAR, 3βHSD, CYP11B1, and CYP11B2 were up-regulated via the mediation of protein kinase A (PKA) signaling pathway. In vivo experiment confirmed that waterborne exposure to BHA disturbed E2 and testosterone (T) levels in zebrafish gonad, thus causing potential estrogenic effects through the regulation of hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal-liver axis (HPGL-axis). Accordingly, this study has provided new insights for SPA-induced endocrine disrupting effects. Considering the allowable maximum level of individual BHA or in combination with TBHQ and BHT in foodstuffs (200 mg kg-1), the perturbation in steroidogenesis observed for relatively low concentrations of SPAs would need more public attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxi Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100085, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049, China
| | - Wenting Song
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100085, China
- Medical College, Henan Polytechnic University , Jiaozuo 454000, China
| | - Na Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100085, China
- School of Life Science, Shanxi University , Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Zhendong Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100085, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049, China
| | - Ruirui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100085, China
| | - Qian S Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100085, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049, China
| | - Qunfang Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100085, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049, China
| | - Guibin Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100085, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049, China
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19
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Harris DM, Besselink E, Henning SM, Go VLW, Heber D. Phytoestrogens Induce Differential Estrogen Receptor Alpha- or Beta-Mediated Responses in Transfected Breast Cancer Cells. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2016; 230:558-68. [PMID: 16118406 DOI: 10.1177/153537020523000807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 169] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Increased intake of phytoestrogens may be associated with a lower risk of cancer in the breast and several other sites, although there is controversy surrounding this activity. One of the mechanisms proposed to explain the activity of phytoestrogens is their ability to bind and activate human estrogen receptor a (ERα) and human estrogen receptor β (ERβ). Nine phytoestrogens were tested for their ability to transactivate ERα or ERβ at a range of doses. Mammary adenocarcinoma (MCF-7) cells were co-transfected with either ERα or ERβ, and an estrogen-response element was linked to a luciferase reporter gene. Dose-dependent responses were compared with the endogenous ligand 17β-estradiol. Purified genistein, daidzein, apigenin, and coumestrol showed differential and robust transactivation of ERα- and ERβ-induced transcription, with an up to 100-fold stronger activation of ERβ. Equol, naringenin, and kaempferol were weaker agonists. When activity was evaluated against a background of 0.5 nM 17β-estradiol, the addition of genistein, daidzein, and resveratrol superstimulated the system, while kaempferol and quercetin were antagonists at the highest doses. This transfection assay provides an excellent model to evaluate the activation of ERα and ERβ by different phytoestrogens in a breast cancer context and can be used as a screening bioassay tool to evaluate the estrogenic activity of extracts of herbs and foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- D M Harris
- The UCLA Center for Human Nutrition, 13-145 Warren Hall, 900 Veteran Avenue, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1742, USA.
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20
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Bjerregaard-Olesen C, Ghisari M, Bonefeld-Jørgensen EC. Activation of the estrogen receptor by human serum extracts containing mixtures of perfluorinated alkyl acids from pregnant women. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2016; 151:71-79. [PMID: 27451001 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2016.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2016] [Revised: 06/22/2016] [Accepted: 07/01/2016] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Humans are exposed to a wide variety of perfluorinated alkyl acids (PFAAs). Several studies have found xenoestrogenic activity of single PFAAs. Studies on mixture effects of the PFAAs are however sparse. In the present study, we aimed to determine the xenoestrogenic activity in human serum extracts containing mixtures of PFAAs. Recently we developed a method to extract the PFAAs from human serum with simultaneous removal of endogenous hormones and interfering steroid metabolites. We used this method to extract the PFAAs from serum of 397 Danish nulliparous pregnant women followed by analysis of estrogen receptor (ER) transactivation using MVLN cells carrying an estrogen response element luciferase reporter vector. Using 17β-estradiol (E2) concentration-transactivation curves, we calculated the estradiol equivalents (EEQ) for the extracts containing the PFAAs. Fifty-two percent of the PFAA serum extracts agonized the ER transactivation, and 46% enhanced the E2-induced ER transactivation. We found positive linear concentration-response associations between the ER transactivation and the PFAA serum levels. For the relatively few PFAA extracts that antagonized the ER in the presence of 24 pM E2 (n=38, 10%), we found inverse linear associations between the ER transactivation and the PFAA serum levels. The results indicated that the serum extracts induced the ER in a non-monotonic concentration dependent manner. The median EEQ of the extracts containing the PFAAs corresponds to the effect of 0.5pg E2 per mL serum. In conclusion, we observed that most of the extracts containing the PFAA mixtures from pregnant women's serum agonized the ER and enhanced the E2-induced effects in non-monotonic concentration-dependent manners.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Bjerregaard-Olesen
- Centre for Arctic Health & Unit of Cellular and Molecular Toxicology, Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Mandana Ghisari
- Centre for Arctic Health & Unit of Cellular and Molecular Toxicology, Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Eva C Bonefeld-Jørgensen
- Centre for Arctic Health & Unit of Cellular and Molecular Toxicology, Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.
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21
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Morgan MM, Johnson BP, Livingston MK, Schuler LA, Alarid ET, Sung KE, Beebe DJ. Personalized in vitro cancer models to predict therapeutic response: Challenges and a framework for improvement. Pharmacol Ther 2016; 165:79-92. [PMID: 27218886 PMCID: PMC5439438 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2016.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Personalized cancer therapy focuses on characterizing the relevant phenotypes of the patient, as well as the patient's tumor, to predict the most effective cancer therapy. Historically, these methods have not proven predictive in regards to predicting therapeutic response. Emerging culture platforms are designed to better recapitulate the in vivo environment, thus, there is renewed interest in integrating patient samples into in vitro cancer models to assess therapeutic response. Successful examples of translating in vitro response to clinical relevance are limited due to issues with patient sample acquisition, variability and culture. We will review traditional and emerging in vitro models for personalized medicine, focusing on the technologies, microenvironmental components, and readouts utilized. We will then offer our perspective on how to apply a framework derived from toxicology and ecology towards designing improved personalized in vitro models of cancer. The framework serves as a tool for identifying optimal readouts and culture conditions, thus maximizing the information gained from each patient sample.
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Affiliation(s)
- Molly M Morgan
- Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Brian P Johnson
- Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Megan K Livingston
- Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Linda A Schuler
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Elaine T Alarid
- Department of Oncology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Kyung E Sung
- Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States.
| | - David J Beebe
- Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States; Department of Oncology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States.
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22
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Kang JS, Choi JS, Park JW. Transcriptional changes in steroidogenesis by perfluoroalkyl acids (PFOA and PFOS) regulate the synthesis of sex hormones in H295R cells. CHEMOSPHERE 2016; 155:436-443. [PMID: 27139122 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.04.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2015] [Revised: 04/18/2016] [Accepted: 04/19/2016] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) are two of the most widely used perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs). Because of their strong persistence, they have become widely distributed throughout the environment and human bodies. PFOA and PFOS are suspected to disrupt the endocrine system based upon many in vivo studies, but the underlying mechanisms are currently unclear. In this study, we investigated the endocrine-related effects of PFOA and PFOS using in vitro estrogen receptor (ER) and androgen receptor (AR) transactivation assays and steroidogenesis assay. The results showed that PFOA and PFOS exhibited weak antagonistic ER transactivation but did not exhibit agonistic ER or AR transactivation. In the steroidogenesis assay, PFOA and PFOS induced 17β-estradiol (E2) level and reduced testosterone level, which would be caused by the induction of aromatase activity. The qPCR analysis of genes involved in steroidogenesis indicates that PFOA and PFOS associate with sex hormone synthesis by the transcriptional induction of two genes, cyp19 and 3β-hsd2. Moreover, the transcriptional induction of cyp11b2 by PFOS suggests that this chemical may underlie the disruption of several physiological functions related to aldosterone. The results of the current study suggest that PFOA and PFOS are potential endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) and provide information for further studies on the molecular events that initiate the adverse endocrine effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae Soon Kang
- Gyeongnam Department of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Jin-Ju, Gyeongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Soo Choi
- Gyeongnam Department of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Jin-Ju, Gyeongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - June-Woo Park
- Gyeongnam Department of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Jin-Ju, Gyeongnam, Republic of Korea; Human and Environmental Toxicology Program, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea.
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23
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Bjerregaard-Olesen C, Ghisari M, Kjeldsen LS, Wielsøe M, Bonefeld-Jørgensen EC. Estrone sulfate and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate: Transactivation of the estrogen and androgen receptor. Steroids 2016; 105:50-8. [PMID: 26666359 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2015.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2015] [Revised: 10/15/2015] [Accepted: 11/27/2015] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS) and estrone sulfate (E1S) are two of the most abundant steroids in the human circulation. The enzyme steroid sulfatase (STS) cleaves the sulfate group of DHEAS and E1S leading to biosynthesis of endogenous hormones such as testosterone and estrone. In the current study we aimed at determining the effect of E1S and DHEAS on estrogen receptor (ER) and androgen receptor (AR) transactivation. Using luciferase reporter gene assays, the ER and AR transactivities of E1S and DHEAS were determined by direct cell exposure; as well as upon extraction from human serum using a method to extract perfluorinated alkyl acids (PFAAs). By direct cell exposure, both E1S and DHEAS transactivated the ER and the AR in dose-dependent manners. The DHEAS-induced AR transactivity could be abolished by the STS inhibitor STX64. Immunoassay analysis confirmed the presence of E1S and DHEAS in the serum PFAA extracts with mean recoveries below 2.5%. For the PFAA extracts of human male and female serum, only the AR was significantly transactivated. The AR transactivity of the sulfated steroids in the extracts was abolished by STX64 to obtain the net PFAA induced xenohormone transactivity, but further cleanup might be needed at high concentrations of E1S.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Bjerregaard-Olesen
- Centre for Arctic Health & Unit of Cellular and Molecular Toxicology, Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Bartholins Allé 2, Build. 1260, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark.
| | - Mandana Ghisari
- Centre for Arctic Health & Unit of Cellular and Molecular Toxicology, Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Bartholins Allé 2, Build. 1260, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Lisbeth S Kjeldsen
- Centre for Arctic Health & Unit of Cellular and Molecular Toxicology, Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Bartholins Allé 2, Build. 1260, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Maria Wielsøe
- Centre for Arctic Health & Unit of Cellular and Molecular Toxicology, Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Bartholins Allé 2, Build. 1260, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Eva C Bonefeld-Jørgensen
- Centre for Arctic Health & Unit of Cellular and Molecular Toxicology, Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Bartholins Allé 2, Build. 1260, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
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24
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Bjerregaard-Olesen C, Bossi R, Bech BH, Bonefeld-Jørgensen EC. Extraction of perfluorinated alkyl acids from human serum for determination of the combined xenoestrogenic transactivity: a method development. CHEMOSPHERE 2015; 129:232-8. [PMID: 25234096 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2014.08.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2014] [Revised: 08/25/2014] [Accepted: 08/27/2014] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Humans are exposed to perfluorinated alkyl acids (PFAAs) through food, drinking water, consumer products, dust, etc. The human metabolism and excretion of the long-chain PFAAs is slow with half-lives up to 8.8years. Studies suggest that the PFAAs are potential endocrine-disrupting compounds that might affect human health. We developed a method for extraction of PFAAs from human serum with simultaneous removal of endogenous sex hormones. The developed method includes solid phase extraction, liquid/liquid extraction, HPLC fractionation and weak anion exchange. The method was validated by extraction of seven persistent PFAAs spiked to human male serum obtaining mean recoveries between 49.6% and 78.6%. Using an estrogen receptor (ER) transactivation luciferase reporter gene assay, analysis of the extracted PFAA serum fraction from three pregnant women showed the ER-active endogenous hormones were removed. The developed method was further documented by extraction of the PFAAs from the serum of 18 Danish pregnant women. The PFAA fraction from three of the 18 samples significantly induced the ER-transactivity. Upon co-exposure with the natural ER-ligand 17β-estradiol (E2), 17 of the 18 PFAA fractions caused a significant further increase of the E2 induced ER-transactivity. In conclusion, we developed a method to extract PFAAs from human serum, and the method documentation suggested that PFAAs at the levels found in human serum can transactivate the ER.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Bjerregaard-Olesen
- Centre for Arctic Health & Unit of Cellular and Molecular Toxicology, Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Bartholins Allé 2, Build. 1260, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Rossana Bossi
- Department of Environmental Science, Aarhus University, Frederiksborgvej 399, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Bodil Hammer Bech
- Section for Epidemiology, Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Bartholins Allé 2, Build. 1260, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Eva Cecilie Bonefeld-Jørgensen
- Centre for Arctic Health & Unit of Cellular and Molecular Toxicology, Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Bartholins Allé 2, Build. 1260, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark.
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25
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Jarošová B, Filip J, Hilscherová K, Tuček J, Šimek Z, Giesy JP, Zbořil R, Bláha L. Can zero-valent iron nanoparticles remove waterborne estrogens? JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2015; 150:387-392. [PMID: 25567735 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2014.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2014] [Revised: 11/30/2014] [Accepted: 12/03/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Steroidal estrogens are one of the most challenging classes of hazardous contaminants as they can cause adverse effects to biota in extremely low concentrations. They emerge in both waste waters and surface waters serving as a source of drinking water. Environmental Quality Standards for 17β-estradiol (E2) and 17α-ethinylestradiol (EE2), promulgated within the EU Water Framework Directive, are 0.4 and 0.035 ng L(-1), respectively. Because nanoscale zero-valent iron (nZVI) particles have been previously used in numerous remediation technologies and have the advantage of possible magnetic separation, interaction of nZVI with E2 and EE2 in water was investigated to assess the potential role of nZVI in removing steroidal estrogens. A mixture of E2 and EE2 dissolved in water was shaken with varying doses of nZVI for 1-5 h. Concentration-dependent removal of the estrogens was observed but removal did not increase significantly with time. Concentrations of the estrogens were determined by HPLC/MS/MS and a biodetection reporter gene assay. Sorption and nonspecific oxygen-mediated oxidation of estrogens were identified as the most probable removal mechanisms. Two independent experiments confirmed that significant decrease of estrogens concentration is achieved when at least 2 g L(-1) of nZVI is applied. The presented study provides insights into the mechanisms of nZVI interaction with steroidal estrogens under aerobic conditions prevailing in currently applied water treatment technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbora Jarošová
- Research Centre for Toxic Compounds in the Environment (RECETOX), Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, CZ-62500 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Filip
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Departments of Physical Chemistry and Experimental Physics, Faculty of Science, Palacký University in Olomouc, 17. listopadu 1192/12, CZ-771 46 Olomouc, Czech Republic.
| | - Klára Hilscherová
- Research Centre for Toxic Compounds in the Environment (RECETOX), Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, CZ-62500 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Tuček
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Departments of Physical Chemistry and Experimental Physics, Faculty of Science, Palacký University in Olomouc, 17. listopadu 1192/12, CZ-771 46 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Zdeněk Šimek
- Research Centre for Toxic Compounds in the Environment (RECETOX), Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, CZ-62500 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - John P Giesy
- University of Saskatchewan, Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences and Toxicology Centre, 44 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5B3, Canada; Department of Biology & Chemistry and State Key Laboratory in Marine Pollution, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China; State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Radek Zbořil
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Departments of Physical Chemistry and Experimental Physics, Faculty of Science, Palacký University in Olomouc, 17. listopadu 1192/12, CZ-771 46 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Luděk Bláha
- Research Centre for Toxic Compounds in the Environment (RECETOX), Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, CZ-62500 Brno, Czech Republic
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26
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Kang JS, Choi JS, Kim WK, Lee YJ, Park JW. Estrogenic potency of bisphenol S, polyethersulfone and their metabolites generated by the rat liver S9 fractions on a MVLN cell using a luciferase reporter gene assay. Reprod Biol Endocrinol 2014; 12:102. [PMID: 25371027 PMCID: PMC4232735 DOI: 10.1186/1477-7827-12-102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2014] [Accepted: 10/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bisphenol A (BPA) is an applied chemical that is used in many industrial fields and is a potential endocrine disruption chemical (EDC) that is found in the environment. Bisphenol S (BPS) and polyethersulfone (PES) have been suggested as putative BPA alternatives. In this study, the estrogenic potency induced by the binding of 17-beta-estradiol (E2), BPA, BPS, PES and their metabolites formed by the rat liver S9 fraction to the human estrogen receptor (ER) was estimated. METHODS We used an in vitro bioassay based on the luciferase reporter assay in MVLN cells to evaluate the estrogenic activity of 17-beta-estradiol (E2), BPA, BPS, PES (E2: 0.001 to 0.3 nM; BPA, BPS and PES: 0.0001 to 5 microM) and their metabolites (E2: 0.05 microM; BPA, BPS and PES: 0.1 mM) according to incubation times (0, 20 and 40 min). After chemical treatment to MVLN cells for 72 hrs, and the cell viability and luciferase intensity induced were estimated, from which the estrogenic activity of the chemicals tested was evaluated. RESULTS BPA and BPS induced estrogenic activity whereas PES did not show any estrogenic activity in the concentrations tested. In an in vitro assay of metabolites, BPA metabolites displayed comparable estrogenic activity with BPA and metabolites of both BPS and PES showed increasing estrogenic activity. CONCLUSIONS The results suggest that the metabolites of BPS and PES have estrogenic potential and the need for the assessment of both chemicals and their metabolites in other EDC evaluation studies. The estrogenic potency of PES and its metabolites is the first report in our best knowledge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae Soon Kang
- Gyeongnam Department of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Jin-Ju, Gyeongnam Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Soo Choi
- Gyeongnam Department of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Jin-Ju, Gyeongnam Republic of Korea
| | - Woo-Keun Kim
- Gyeongnam Department of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Jin-Ju, Gyeongnam Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Ju Lee
- Gyeongnam Department of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Jin-Ju, Gyeongnam Republic of Korea
| | - June-Woo Park
- Gyeongnam Department of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Jin-Ju, Gyeongnam Republic of Korea
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27
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Jarošová B, Erseková A, Hilscherová K, Loos R, Gawlik BM, Giesy JP, Bláha L. Europe-wide survey of estrogenicity in wastewater treatment plant effluents: the need for the effect-based monitoring. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 21:10970-82. [PMID: 24870285 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-014-3056-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2014] [Accepted: 05/16/2014] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
A pan-European monitoring campaign of the wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) effluents was conducted to obtain a concise picture on a broad range of pollutants including estrogenic compounds. Snapshot samples from 75 WWTP effluents were collected and analysed for concentrations of 150 polar organic and 20 inorganic compounds as well as estrogenicity using the MVLN reporter gene assay. The effect-based assessment determined estrogenicity in 27 of 75 samples tested with the concentrations ranging from 0.53 to 17.9 ng/L of 17-beta-estradiol equivalents (EEQ). Approximately one third of municipal WWTP effluents contained EEQ greater than 0.5 ng/L EEQ, which confirmed the importance of cities as the major contamination source. Beside municipal WWTPs, some treated industrial wastewaters also exhibited detectable EEQ, indicating the importance to investigate phytoestrogens released from plant processing factories. No steroid estrogens were detected in any of the samples by instrumental methods above their limits of quantification of 10 ng/L, and none of the other analysed classes of chemicals showed correlation with detected EEQs. The study demonstrates the need of effect-based monitoring to assess certain classes of contaminants such as estrogens, which are known to occur at low concentrations being of serious toxicological concern for aquatic biota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbora Jarošová
- RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, CZ-62500, Brno, Czech Republic
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28
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Érseková A, Hilscherová K, Klánová J, Giesy JP, Novák J. Effect-based assessment of passive air samples from four countries in Eastern Europe. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2014; 186:3905-16. [PMID: 24532343 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-014-3667-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2013] [Accepted: 01/28/2014] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Although passive sampling has been previously used for the monitoring of volatile and semi-volatile contaminants in air, there are limited data on the use of this technique coupled with bioassays based on specific biological responses. Biological responses including those mediated by the aryl hydrocarbon (AhR) receptor as well as (anti-)estrogenicity and (anti-)androgenicity of samples from four Eastern European countries (Lithuania, Slovakia, Romania, and Serbia) were determined. To address the potential differences of specific toxic potencies of pollutant mixtures in ambient air in Eastern Europe, each country was characterized by a single more remote location that served to determine regional background conditions and one location in more urbanized and industrialized locations, which were defined as "impacted" areas. Besides samples from Lithuania, a significant gradient in concentrations of AhR-mediated potency from background and impacted localities was observed. Greatest potencies were measured in samples from impacted locations in Romania and Slovakia. Concentrations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) that were quantified accounted for 3-33 % of the 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin equivalents determined by use of the bioassay. No significant estrogenic potency was detected but anti-estrogenic effects were produced by air from two background locations (Lithuania, Slovakia) and three impacted locations (Lithuania, Romania, and Serbia). Anti-androgenic potency was observed in all samples. The greatest anti-estrogenic potency was observed at the background location in Slovakia. Anti-estrogenic and anti-androgenic potencies of studied air samples were probably associated with compounds that are not routinely monitored. The study documents suitability of passive air sampling for the assessment of specific toxic potencies of ambient air pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anita Érseková
- Faculty of Science, RECETOX, Masaryk University, Kamenice 753/5, 62500, Brno, Czech Republic
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29
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Zounkova R, Jalova V, Janisova M, Ocelka T, Jurcikova J, Halirova J, Giesy JP, Hilscherova K. In situ effects of urban river pollution on the mudsnail Potamopyrgus antipodarum as part of an integrated assessment. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2014; 150:83-92. [PMID: 24658013 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2014.02.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2013] [Revised: 02/07/2014] [Accepted: 02/27/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The freshwater mudsnail (Potamopyrgus antipodarum) is sensitive to toxicity of both sediment and water and also to the endocrine disrupting compounds (EDC) at environmentally relevant concentrations. This study determined effects of in situ exposure of P. antipodarum as a part of a complex assessment of the impact of a city metropolitan area with large waste water treatment plant (WWTP) for 0.5 million population equivalents on two urban rivers. The study combined the in situ biotest with detailed chemical analyses and a battery of in vitro bioassays of both sediment and water. Passive sampling of river water was conducted during the course of exposure of the mudsnail. P. antipodarum was exposed for 8 weeks in cages permeable to sediment and water at localities up- and down-stream of the city of Brno, Czech Republic and downstream of the WWTP in two rivers. Greater mortality and significantly decreased embryo production of P. antipodarum were observed immediately downstream of the city of Brno. P. antipodarum exposed at locations downstream of the metropolitan area and WWTP exhibited greater mortality, while numbers of embryos produced by surviving individuals were comparable or slightly greater than for individuals held at the least polluted location. Comparisons with results of chemical analysis and in vitro assays indicate occurrence of groups of compounds contributing to observed effects. Differences in mortalities of mudsnails among sites corresponded well with in vitro cytotoxicity and concentrations of metals. The results of this study confirm the applicability of this novel field biotest with P. antipodarum for the evaluation of the effects of river pollution on metazoans, especially as suitable in situ part of integrative contamination assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radka Zounkova
- Masaryk University, Faculty of Science, RECETOX, Kamenice 753/5, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Veronika Jalova
- Masaryk University, Faculty of Science, RECETOX, Kamenice 753/5, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Martina Janisova
- Masaryk University, Faculty of Science, RECETOX, Kamenice 753/5, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Tomas Ocelka
- Institute of Public Health, Partyzánské nám. 7, 70200 Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Jurcikova
- Institute of Public Health, Partyzánské nám. 7, 70200 Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - Jarmila Halirova
- Czech Hydrometeorological Institute, Kroftova 2578/43, 61600 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - John P Giesy
- Department Biomedical Veterinary Sciences and Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, 52 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5B4 Saskatchewan, Canada; Department of Zoology, and Center for Integrative Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA; Department of Biology and Chemistry and State Key Laboratory in Marine Pollution, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region; School of Biological Sciences, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region; State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Klara Hilscherova
- Masaryk University, Faculty of Science, RECETOX, Kamenice 753/5, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic.
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Ying H, Liu J, Du Q. Analysis and determination of oestrogen-active compounds in fructus amomi by the combination of high-speed counter-current chromatography and high performance liquid chromatography. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2014; 958:36-42. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2014.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2014] [Revised: 03/04/2014] [Accepted: 03/05/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Macikova P, Kalabova T, Klanova J, Kukucka P, Giesy JP, Hilscherova K. Longer-term and short-term variability in pollution of fluvial sediments by dioxin-like and endocrine disruptive compounds. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 21:5007-5022. [PMID: 24363052 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-013-2429-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2013] [Accepted: 12/03/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Changes in pollutant loads in relatively dynamic river sediments, which contain very complex mixtures of compounds, can play a crucial role in the fate and effects of pollutants in fluvial ecosystems. The contamination of sediments by bioactive substances can be sensitively assessed by in vitro bioassays. This is the first study that characterizes detailed short- and long-term changes in concentrations of contaminants with several modes of action in river sediments. One-year long monthly study described seasonal and spatial variability of contamination of sediments in a representative industrialized area by dioxin-like and endocrine disruptive chemicals. There were significant seasonal changes in both antiandrogenic and androgenic as well as dioxin-like potential of river sediments, while there were no general seasonal trends in estrogenicity. Aryl hydrocarbon receptor-dependent potency (dioxin-like potency) expressed as biological TCDD-equivalents (BIOTEQ) was in the range of 0.5-17.7 ng/g, dry mass (dm). The greatest BIOTEQ levels in sediments were observed during winter, particularly at locations downstream of the industrial area. Estrogenicity expressed as estradiol equivalents (EEQ) was in the range of 0.02-3.8 ng/g, dm. Antiandrogenicity was detected in all samples, while androgenic potency in the range of 0.7-16.8 ng/g, dm dihydrotestosterone equivalents (DHT-EQ) was found in only 30 % of samples, most often during autumn, when antiandrogenicity was the least. PAHs were predominant contaminants among analyzed pollutants, responsible, on average, for 13-21 % of BIOTEQ. Longer-term changes in concentrations of BIOTEQ corresponded to seasonal fluctuations, whereas for EEQ, the inter-annual changes at some locations were greater than seasonal variability during 1 year. The inter- as well as intra-annual variability in concentrations of both BIOTEQ and EEQ at individual sites was greater in spring than in autumn which was related to hydrological conditions in the river. This study stresses the importance of river hydrology and its seasonal variations in the design of effective sampling campaigns, as well as in the interpretation of any monitoring results.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Macikova
- Research Centre for Toxic Compounds in the Environment (RECETOX), Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 753/5, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic
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Jarošová B, Bláha L, Giesy JP, Hilscherová K. What level of estrogenic activity determined by in vitro assays in municipal waste waters can be considered as safe? ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2014; 64:98-109. [PMID: 24384232 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2013.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2013] [Revised: 12/09/2013] [Accepted: 12/10/2013] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
In vitro assays are broadly used tools to evaluate the estrogenic activity in Waste Water Treatment Plant (WWTP) effluents and their receiving rivers. Since potencies of individual estrogens to induce in vitro and in vivo responses can differ it is not possible to directly evaluate risks based on in vitro measures of estrogenic activity. Estrone, 17beta-estradiol, 17alfa-ethinylestradiol and to some extent, estriol have been shown to be responsible for the majority of in vitro estrogenic activity of municipal WWTP effluents. Therefore, in the present study safe concentrations of Estrogenic Equivalents (EEQs-SSE) in municipal WWTP effluents were derived based on simplified assumption that the steroid estrogens are responsible for all estrogenicity determined with particular in vitro assays. EEQs-SSEs were derived using the bioassay and testing protocol-specific in vitro potencies of steroid estrogens, in vivo predicted no effect concentration (PNECs) of these compounds, and their relative contributions to the overall estrogenicity detected in municipal WWTP effluents. EEQs-SSEs for 15 individual bioassays varied from 0.1 to 0.4ng EEQ/L. The EEQs-SSEs are supposed to be increased by use of location-specific dilution factors of WWTP effluents entering receiving rivers. They are applicable to municipal wastewater and rivers close to their discharges, but not to industrial waste waters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbora Jarošová
- Masaryk University, Faculty of Science, RECETOX, Kamenice 5, CZ-62500 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Luděk Bláha
- Masaryk University, Faculty of Science, RECETOX, Kamenice 5, CZ-62500 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - John P Giesy
- Department of Biomedical Veterinary Sciences and Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Klára Hilscherová
- Masaryk University, Faculty of Science, RECETOX, Kamenice 5, CZ-62500 Brno, Czech Republic.
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Novák J, Hilscherová K, Landlová L, Čupr P, Kohút L, Giesy JP, Klánová J. Composition and effects of inhalable size fractions of atmospheric aerosols in the polluted atmosphere. Part II. In vitro biological potencies. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2014; 63:64-70. [PMID: 24263139 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2013.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2013] [Revised: 10/21/2013] [Accepted: 10/22/2013] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to particulate matter (PM) in ambient air has been shown to lead to adverse health consequences. Six size fractions of PM with aerodynamic diameter smaller than 10μm (PM10) and gas phase were collected at six localities with different major pollution sources. Extracts of samples were assessed for AhR-mediated toxicity, (anti-)estrogenicity, (anti-)androgenicity and genotoxicity. The biological responses were interpreted relative to chemical characterization. Historically, for regulatory purposes, evaluation of air pollution was based mainly on assessment of the sum of PM10. In the case of AhR-mediated activity, PM1 was responsible for more than 75% of the activity of the particulate fraction from all localities. The assessed effects were correlated with concentrations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH), organic carbon content and specific surface area of the PM. A significant proportion of biologically active chemicals seems to be present in the gas phase of air. The results suggest that an average daily exposure based just on the concentrations of contaminants contained in PM10, as regulated in EU legislation so far, is not a sufficient indicator of contaminants in air particulates and adoption of standards more similar to other countries and inclusion of other parameters besides mass should be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiří Novák
- Masaryk University, RECETOX - Research Centre for Toxic Compounds in the Environment, Faculty of Science, Kamenice 753/5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Klára Hilscherová
- Masaryk University, RECETOX - Research Centre for Toxic Compounds in the Environment, Faculty of Science, Kamenice 753/5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Linda Landlová
- Masaryk University, RECETOX - Research Centre for Toxic Compounds in the Environment, Faculty of Science, Kamenice 753/5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Čupr
- Masaryk University, RECETOX - Research Centre for Toxic Compounds in the Environment, Faculty of Science, Kamenice 753/5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Lukáš Kohút
- Masaryk University, RECETOX - Research Centre for Toxic Compounds in the Environment, Faculty of Science, Kamenice 753/5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - John P Giesy
- Dept. Biomedical Veterinary Sciences and Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada; Zoology Department, Center for Integrative Toxicology, Michigan State University, E. Lansing, MI 48823, United States; Biology and Chemistry Department, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jana Klánová
- Masaryk University, RECETOX - Research Centre for Toxic Compounds in the Environment, Faculty of Science, Kamenice 753/5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
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Xu T, Close D, Smartt A, Ripp S, Sayler G. Detection of organic compounds with whole-cell bioluminescent bioassays. ADVANCES IN BIOCHEMICAL ENGINEERING/BIOTECHNOLOGY 2014; 144:111-51. [PMID: 25084996 PMCID: PMC4597909 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-662-43385-0_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Natural and manmade organic chemicals are widely deposited across a diverse range of ecosystems including air, surface water, groundwater, wastewater, soil, sediment, and marine environments. Some organic compounds, despite their industrial values, are toxic to living organisms and pose significant health risks to humans and wildlife. Detection and monitoring of these organic pollutants in environmental matrices therefore is of great interest and need for remediation and health risk assessment. Although these detections have traditionally been performed using analytical chemical approaches that offer highly sensitive and specific identification of target compounds, these methods require specialized equipment and trained operators, and fail to describe potential bioavailable effects on living organisms. Alternatively, the integration of bioluminescent systems into whole-cell bioreporters presents a new capacity for organic compound detection. These bioreporters are constructed by incorporating reporter genes into catabolic or signaling pathways that are present within living cells and emit a bioluminescent signal that can be detected upon exposure to target chemicals. Although relatively less specific compared to analytical methods, bioluminescent bioassays are more cost-effective, more rapid, can be scaled to higher throughput, and can be designed to report not only the presence but also the bioavailability of target substances. This chapter reviews available bacterial and eukaryotic whole-cell bioreporters for sensing organic pollutants and their applications in a variety of sample matrices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Xu
- Joint Institute for Biological Sciences, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA
| | - Dan Close
- Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, USA
| | - Abby Smartt
- Center for Environmental Biotechnology, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA; Department of Microbiology, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA
| | - Steven Ripp
- Center for Environmental Biotechnology, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USADepartment of Microbiology, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA
| | - Gary Sayler
- Joint Institute for Biological Sciences, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA; Center for Environmental Biotechnology, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA; Department of Microbiology, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA
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Kjeldsen LS, Bonefeld-Jørgensen EC. Perfluorinated compounds affect the function of sex hormone receptors. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2013; 20:8031-44. [PMID: 23764977 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-013-1753-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 220] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2013] [Accepted: 04/16/2013] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Perfluorinated compounds (PFCs) are a large group of chemicals used in different industrial and commercial applications. Studies have suggested the potential of some PFCs to disrupt endocrine homeostasis, increasing the risk of adverse health effects. This study aimed to elucidate mechanisms behind PFC interference with steroid hormone receptor functions. Seven PFCs [perfluorohexane sulfonate (PFHxS), perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS), perfluorooctanoate (PFOA), perfluorononanoate (PFNA), perfluorodecanoate (PFDA), perfluoroundecanoate (PFUnA), and perfluorododecanoate (PFDoA)] were analyzed in vitro for their potential to affect estrogen receptor (ER) and androgen receptor (AR) transactivity as well as aromatase enzyme activity. The PFCs were assessed as single compounds and in an equimolar mixture. PFHxS, PFOS and PFOA significantly induced the ER transactivity, whereas PFHxS, PFOS, PFOA, PFNA and PFDA significantly antagonized the AR activity in a concentration-dependent manner. Moreover, PFDA weakly decreased the aromatase activity at a high test concentration. A mixture effect more than additive was observed on AR function. We conclude that five of the seven PFCs possess the potential in vitro to interfere with the function of the ER and/or the AR. The observed mixture effect emphasizes the importance of considering the combined action of PFCs in future studies to assess related health risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisbeth Stigaard Kjeldsen
- Centre for Arctic Health and Unit of Cellular and Molecular Toxicology, Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Building 1260, Bartholins Allé 2, 8000, Aarhus, Denmark
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Jálová V, Jarošová B, Bláha L, Giesy JP, Ocelka T, Grabic R, Jurčíková J, Vrana B, Hilscherová K. Estrogen-, androgen- and aryl hydrocarbon receptor mediated activities in passive and composite samples from municipal waste and surface waters. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2013; 59:372-383. [PMID: 23911337 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2013.06.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2013] [Revised: 06/23/2013] [Accepted: 06/30/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Passive and composite sampling in combination with in vitro bioassays and identification and quantification of individual chemicals were applied to characterize pollution by compounds with several specific modes of action in urban area in the basin of two rivers, with 400,000 inhabitants and a variety of industrial activities. Two types of passive samplers, semipermeable membrane devices (SPMD) for hydrophobic contaminants and polar organic chemical integrative samplers (POCIS) for polar compounds such as pesticides and pharmaceuticals, were used to sample wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) influent and effluent as well as rivers upstream and downstream of the urban complex and the WWTP. Compounds with endocrine disruptive potency were detected in river water and WWTP influent and effluent. Year-round, monthly assessment of waste waters by bioassays documented estrogenic, androgenic and dioxin-like potency as well as cytotoxicity in influent waters of the WWTP and allowed characterization of seasonal variability of these biological potentials in waste waters. The WWTP effectively removed cytotoxic compounds, xenoestrogens and xenoandrogens. There was significant variability in treatment efficiency of dioxin-like potency. The study indicates that the WWTP, despite its up-to-date technology, can contribute endocrine disrupting compounds to the river. Riverine samples exhibited dioxin-like, antiestrogenic and antiandrogenic potencies. The study design enabled characterization of effects of the urban complex and the WWTP on the river. Concentrations of PAHs and contaminants and specific biological potencies sampled by POCIS decreased as a function of distance from the city.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Jálová
- Research Centre for Toxic Compounds in the Environment (RECETOX), Masaryk University, Kamenice 753/5, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic
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Novák J, Giesy JP, Klánová J, Hilscherová K. In vitro effects of pollutants from particulate and volatile fractions of air samples-day and night variability. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2013; 20:6620-6627. [PMID: 23613208 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-013-1726-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2012] [Accepted: 04/08/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Chemicals in air were characterized for potential interference with signaling of estrogen, androgen, and arylhydrocarbon (AhR) receptors, which are known to play an important role in endocrine-disruptive changes in vivo. Previously, effects of this type have been studied mainly in particulate matter in the ambient air from various localities. In this study, both volatile and particulate fractions of air from three sites in Banja Luka region (Bosnia and Herzegovina) were investigated to describe the distribution of endocrine-disrupting contaminants on a small spatial scale. Circadian variability of air pollution was investigated by collecting samples during both day and night. Air samples collected from urban localities at night were more potent in producing the AhR-mediated effects than those collected during daytime. This trend was not observed at the reference rural location. None of the samples showed significant estrogenic or androgenic activity. On the other hand, anti-androgenicity was detected in both particulate and vapor phases, while anti-estrogenicity was detected only in the particulate fraction of air from all localities. The AhR-mediated potencies of samples were associated primarily with non-persistent compounds. Based on the concentrations of 28 individual compounds, PAHs accounted for approximately 30 % of the AhR-mediated potency determined by the bioassay. The results show that there can be a significant difference between levels of bioactive compounds in air between daytime and nighttime.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiří Novák
- Research Centre for Toxic Compounds in the Environment, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic.
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Kjeldsen LS, Ghisari M, Bonefeld-Jørgensen EC. Currently used pesticides and their mixtures affect the function of sex hormone receptors and aromatase enzyme activity. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2013; 272:453-64. [PMID: 23871939 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2013.06.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2013] [Revised: 06/11/2013] [Accepted: 06/25/2013] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
The endocrine-disrupting potential of pesticides is of health concern, since they are found ubiquitously in the environment and in food items. We investigated in vitro effects on estrogen receptor (ER) and androgen receptor (AR) transactivity, and aromatase enzyme activity, of the following pesticides: 2-methyl-4-chlorophenoxyacetic acid (MCPA), terbuthylazine, iodosulfuron-methyl-sodium, mesosulfuron-methyl, metsulfuron-methyl, chlormequat chloride, bitertanol, propiconazole, prothioconazole, mancozeb, cypermethrin, tau fluvalinate, malathion and the metabolite ethylene thiourea (ETU). The pesticides were analyzed alone and in selected mixtures. Effects of the pesticides on ER and AR function were assessed in human breast carcinoma MVLN cells and hamster ovary CHO-K1 cells, respectively, using luciferase reporter gene assays. Effects on aromatase enzyme activity were analyzed in human choriocarcinoma JEG-3 cells, employing the classical [(3)H](2)O method. Five pesticides (terbuthylazine, propiconazole, prothioconazole, cypermethrin and malathion) weakly induced the ER transactivity, and three pesticides (bitertanol, propiconazole and mancozeb) antagonized the AR activity in a concentration-dependent manner. Three pesticides (terbuthylazine, propiconazole and prothioconazole) weakly induced the aromatase activity. In addition, two mixtures, consisting of three pesticides (bitertanol, propiconazole, cypermethrin) and five pesticides (terbuthylazine, bitertanol, propiconazole, cypermethrin, malathion), respectively, induced the ER transactivity and aromatase activity, and additively antagonized the AR transactivity. In conclusion, our data suggest that currently used pesticides possess endocrine-disrupting potential in vitro which can be mediated via ER, AR and aromatase activities. The observed mixture effects emphasize the importance of considering the combined action of pesticides in order to assure proper estimations of related health effect risks.
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Erdmann SE, Dietz R, Sonne C, Bechshøft TØ, Vorkamp K, Letcher RJ, Long M, Bonefeld-Jørgensen EC. Xenoestrogenic and dioxin-like activity in blood of East Greenland polar bears (Ursus maritimus). CHEMOSPHERE 2013; 92:583-591. [PMID: 23648332 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2013.03.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2012] [Revised: 03/18/2013] [Accepted: 03/22/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The aims of the project were to (i) extract the lipophilic persistent organic pollutants (POPs) from the blood of 99 East Greenland polar bears and assess the combined mixture effect on the estrogen receptor (ER) and the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) mediated transactivity; (ii) To evaluate whether the receptor transactivities were associated with selected POP markers, and (iii) compare the receptor transactivities in polar bears with earlier studies on Greenlandic Inuit. Lipophilic POPs were extracted using a combination of solid-phase extraction (SPE) and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). ER mediated transactivity was determined using the ER luciferase reporter MVLN cell assay. The extracts were tested alone (XER) and together with 17β-estradiol (E2) as a physiological mimic (XERcomp). Dioxins and dioxin-like (DL) compounds were extracted by a combination of SPE and the Supelco Dioxin Prep System®. AhR mediated dioxin-like transactivity was determined using the AhR luciferase reporter Hepa 1.12cR cell assay. Agonistic ER transactivity was elicited by 19% of the samples, and a further increased E2 induced ER response was found for 52%, whereas 17% antagonized the E2 induced ER response. Positive correlations were found in subadult bears between XER and several POP biomarkers. XER and XERcomp correlated positively to each other. A total of 91% of the polar bear blood extracts elicited agonistic AhR transactivity. The AhR-TCDD equivalent (AhR-TEQ) median levels were higher among adult bears compared to subadult bears, but not significantly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon E Erdmann
- Centre for Arctic Health, Department of Public Health and Arctic Research Centre, Aarhus University, Build. 1260, Bartholins Allé 2, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
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Mankidy R, Wiseman S, Ma H, Giesy JP. Biological impact of phthalates. Toxicol Lett 2012; 217:50-8. [PMID: 23220035 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2012.11.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 203] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2012] [Revised: 11/27/2012] [Accepted: 11/28/2012] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Esters of phthalic acid are chemical agents used to improve the plasticity of industrial polymers. Their ubiquitous use in multiple commercial products results in extensive exposure to humans and the environment. This study investigated cytotoxicity, endocrine disruption, effects mediated via AhR, lipid peroxidation and effects on expression of enzymes of xenobiotic metabolism caused by di-(2-ethy hexyl) phthalate (DEHP), diethyl phthalate (DEP), dibutyl phthalate (DBP) and benzyl butyl phthalate (BBP) in developing fish embryos. Oxidative stress was identified as the critical mechanism of toxicity (CMTA) in the case of DEHP and DEP, while the efficient removal of DBP and BBP by phase 1 enzymes resulted in lesser toxicity. DEHP and DEP did not mimic estradiol (E(2)) in transactivation studies, but at concentrations of 10mg/L synthesis of sex steroid hormones was affected. Exposure to 10mg BBP/L resulted in weak transactivation of the estrogen receptor (ER). All phthalates exhibited weak potency as agonists of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR). The order of potency of the 4 phthalates studied was; DEHP>DEP>BBP>>DBP. The study highlights the need for simultaneous assessment of: (1) multiple cellular targets affected by phthalates and (2) phthalate mixtures to account for additive effects when multiple phthalates modulate the same pathway. Such cumulative assessment of multiple biological parameters is more realistic, and offers the possibility of more accurately identifying the CMTA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rishikesh Mankidy
- Toxicology Center, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada.
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Kolle SN, Ramirez T, Kamp HG, Buesen R, Flick B, Strauss V, van Ravenzwaay B. A testing strategy for the identification of mammalian, systemic endocrine disruptors with particular focus on steroids. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2012; 63:259-78. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2012.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2011] [Revised: 04/16/2012] [Accepted: 04/17/2012] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Jacquot Y, Byrne C, Xicluna A, Leclercq G. Synthesis, structure, and estrogenic activity of 2- and 3-substituted 2,3-dihydro-4H-1-benzopyran-4-ones. Med Chem Res 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s00044-012-0058-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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Du Q, Li B. Identification of antioxidant compounds of Mucuna sempervirens by high-speed counter-current chromatographic separation–DPPH radical scavenging detection and their oestrogenic activity. Food Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2011.09.095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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Ouellet V, Siegel PM. CCN3 modulates bone turnover and is a novel regulator of skeletal metastasis. J Cell Commun Signal 2012; 6:73-85. [PMID: 22427255 PMCID: PMC3368020 DOI: 10.1007/s12079-012-0161-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2012] [Accepted: 02/15/2012] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The CCN family of proteins is composed of six secreted proteins (CCN1-6), which are grouped together based on their structural similarity. These matricellular proteins are involved in a large spectrum of biological processes, ranging from development to disease. In this review, we focus on CCN3, a founding member of this family, and its role in regulating cells within the bone microenvironment. CCN3 impairs normal osteoblast differentiation through multiple mechanisms, which include the neutralization of pro-osteoblastogenic stimuli such as BMP and Wnt family signals or the activation of pathways that suppress osteoblastogenesis, such as Notch. In contrast, CCN3 is known to promote chondrocyte differentiation. Given these functions, it is not surprising that CCN3 has been implicated in the progression of primary bone cancers such as osteosarcoma, Ewing’s sarcoma and chondrosarcoma. More recently, emerging evidence suggests that CCN3 may also influence the ability of metastatic cancers to colonize and grow in bone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Véronique Ouellet
- Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, 1160 Pine Avenue West, Room 513, Montreal, Quebec Canada H3A 1A3
| | - Peter M. Siegel
- Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, 1160 Pine Avenue West, Room 513, Montreal, Quebec Canada H3A 1A3
- Departments of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Biochemistry and Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec Canada
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Liu L, Ma H, Tang Y, Chen W, Lu Y, Guo J, Duan JA. Discovery of estrogen receptor α modulators from natural compounds in Si-Wu-Tang series decoctions using estrogen-responsive MCF-7 breast cancer cells. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2011; 22:154-63. [PMID: 22137340 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2011.11.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2011] [Revised: 10/25/2011] [Accepted: 11/11/2011] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
The binding between the estrogen receptor α (ER-α) and a variety of compounds in traditional Chinese formulae, Si-Wu-Tang (SWT) series decoctions, was studied using a stably-transfected human breast cancer cell line (MVLN). In 38 compounds tested from SWT series decoctions, the estrogen-like activity of 22 compounds was above 60% in 20 μg mL(-1). Furthermore, theoretical affinity of these compounds was certificated using the functional virtual screen of ER-α modulators by FlexX-Pharm. The accuracy of functional virtual screening of ER-α modulators could reach to 77.27%. The results showed that some compounds, such as organic acids and flavones in SWT series decoctions could be used as selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs) and could be selected for further development as potential agents for estrogen related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for TCM Formulae Research, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Xianlin Road 138(#), Nanjing 210046, China
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Effect-Directed Analysis of Ah-Receptor Mediated Toxicants, Mutagens, and Endocrine Disruptors in Sediments and Biota. THE HANDBOOK OF ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMISTRY 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-18384-3_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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47
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Djiogue S, Njamen D, Halabalaki M, Kretzschmar G, Beyer A, Mbanya JC, Skaltsounis AL, Vollmer G. Estrogenic properties of naturally occurring prenylated isoflavones in U2OS human osteosarcoma cells: Structure-activity relationships. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2010; 120:184-91. [PMID: 20420908 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2010.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2009] [Revised: 04/15/2010] [Accepted: 04/17/2010] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Eight isoflavones derivatives, with isoprenyl and/or 7-methoxy substitution, isolated from Erythrina poeppigiana (Fabaceae) have been investigated for their estrogenic properties in receptor subtype-specific reporter gene assays. First we focused on their estrogen receptor alpha and beta (ERalpha and ERbeta) selectivity, second we addressed structure-activity relationships, using bone-derived human osteosarcoma cell line (U2OS cells) stably expressing ERalpha or transiently expressing ERbeta. Our results show that a substitution at position 3' together with a 7-methoxy substitution on the genistein skeleton is associated with a statistically significant activation of the ERalpha- and ERbeta-dependent reporter gene expression in U2OS cells starting from 0.1nM. Particularly, the 7-methoxy-3'-isoprenyl (1) and the 7-methoxy-3'-(3-methyl-2-hydroxybuten-3-yl) (3) derivatives of genistein induces an ERalpha- and ERbeta-coupled luciferase activity at a concentration ten times lower than that of genistein, for which a statistically significant effect was observable at 1nM. On the other hand, isoprenyl substitution at position 6 of the A ring, compound 5, seems to have very little impact on the genistein ability to induce ER-coupled luciferase activity in U2OS cells, while a double prenylation at positions 8 and 3', compound 7, is associated with an almost complete loss of function on the reporter gene activation in U2OS-ERalpha, but in ERbeta expressing system the effectiveness remains on a statistically significant level, demonstrating an "exclusive ERbeta-selectivity" in U2OS human osteosarcoma cells, and therefore 7 can be considered as an isotype-selective ER ligand. Finally all the tested isoflavones derivatives appear to exhibit a slightly pronounced ERbeta preference, depending upon the position and the nature of the substituent moiety on the isoflavone skeleton. The estrogen-like effect of these prenylated isoflavone derivatives could be inhibited by the pure ER antagonist ICI 182 780, indicating that these effects were primarily mediated through ERs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sefirin Djiogue
- Molekulare Zellphysiologie & Endokrinologie, Institut für Zoologie, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany
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48
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Montaño M, Bakker EJ, Murk AJ. Meta-analysis of Supramaximal Effects in In Vitro Estrogenicity Assays. Toxicol Sci 2010; 115:462-74. [DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfq056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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49
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Ghayad SE, Vendrell JA, Ben Larbi S, Dumontet C, Bieche I, Cohen PA. Endocrine resistance associated with activated ErbB system in breast cancer cells is reversed by inhibiting MAPK or PI3K/Akt signaling pathways. Int J Cancer 2010; 126:545-62. [PMID: 19609946 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.24750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Endocrine therapy resistance is one of the main challenges in the treatment of estrogen receptor positive (ER+) breast cancer patients. This study showed that two ER+ human breast carcinoma cell lines derived from MCF-7 (MVLN cells) that have acquired under OH-Tamoxifen selection two distinct phenotypes of endocrine resistance both displayed constitutive activation of the PI3K/Akt and MAPK pathways. Aberrant expression and activation of the ErbB system (phospho-EGFR, phospho-ErbB2, phospho-ErbB3, over-expression of ErbB4 and over-expression of several ErbB ligands) were also observed in the two resistant cell lines, suggesting the existence of an autocrine loop leading to constitutive activation of MAPK and PI3K/Akt survival pathways. The recent clinical use of specific signal transduction inhibitors is one of the most promising therapeutic approaches in breast cancers. The MEK inhibitor PD98059 and the PI3K inhibitor LY294002 were both able to enhance the cytostatic effect of OH-Tamoxifen or fulvestrant on MVLN sensitive cells. In the two resistant cell lines, inhibition of the MAPK or the PI3K/Akt pathways associated with endocrine therapy was sufficient to reverse OH-Tamoxifen or fulvestrant resistance. Investigating the effect of a combination of both inhibitors on the reversion of OH-Tamoxifen and fulvestrant resistance in the two resistant cell lines suggested that, in clinical practice, a strategy combining the two inhibitors would be the best approach to target the different endocrine resistance phenotypes possibly present in a tumor. In conclusion, the combination of MAPK and PI3K inhibitors represents a promising strategy to overcome endocrine therapy resistance in ER+ breast cancer patients.
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Kretzschmar G, Zierau O, Wober J, Tischer S, Metz P, Vollmer G. Prenylation has a compound specific effect on the estrogenicity of naringenin and genistein. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2010; 118:1-6. [PMID: 19733663 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2009.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2009] [Revised: 08/25/2009] [Accepted: 08/27/2009] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
A variety of plant derived substances, so-called phytoestrogens (PEs), although structurally not related to steroids, produce effects similar to the mammalian estradiol. However, little is known so far about the structural requirements which determine PE activities. Taking into consideration that prenylation reactions are relatively common in plant secondary metabolism, the activity of a set of three PE derivatives of genistein and naringenin, namely genistein, 8-prenylgenistein (8PG), 6-(1,1-dimethylallyl)genistein (6DMAG), naringenin, 8-prenylnaringenin (8PN) and 6-(1,1-dimethylallyl)naringenin (6DMAN) was compared regarding structure-estrogenicity relationships in three functionally different estrogen receptor assays. Strong estrogenic activities were recorded for 6DMAN and 8PN in all assays used, while the parent compound naringenin showed only very weak estrogenicity. In contrast, in the case of genistein derivatives, only genistein itself exhibited estrogenic activity in a yeast based assay. In MVLN breast cancer cells, a bioluminescent MCF-7-derived cell line, the estrogenic activity of all three genistein derivatives was similar. Studying alkaline phosphatase activity in Ishikawa endometrial cancer cells as an estrogenic response marker revealed a similar pattern of estrogenicity of the genistein derivatives compared to the yeast based assay although a slight estrogenic effect of 6DMAG and 8PG was apparent. In summary, this study demonstrates that prenylation often found in plant secondary metabolism differentially modifies estrogenic properties of PEs depending on the basic structure of the respective PE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georg Kretzschmar
- Institute of Zoology, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.
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