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Wang C, Gu W, Zhang S, Li L, Kong J, Zhi H, Liu J, Wang M, Miao K, Li Q, Yu J, Wang R, He R, Zhang S, Deng F, Duan S, Zhang Q, Liu Z, Yang H, Jia X, Peng H, Tang S. Multigenerational effects of disperse blue 79 at environmentally relevant concentrations on zebrafish (Danio rerio) fecundity: An integrated approach. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 478:135442. [PMID: 39128150 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.135442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2024] [Revised: 08/01/2024] [Accepted: 08/05/2024] [Indexed: 08/13/2024]
Abstract
The brominated azo dye (BAD) Disperse Blue (DB79) is a widespread environmental pollutant. The long-term toxicological effects of DB79 and the mechanisms thereof must be understood to allow assessment of the risks of DB79 pollution. A dual-omics approach employing in silico analysis, bioinformatics, and in vitro bioassays was used to investigate the transgenerational (F0-F2) toxicity of DB79 in zebrafish at environmentally relevant concentrations and identify molecular initiating events and key events associated with DB79-induced fertility disorders. Exposure to 500 µg/L DB79 decreased fecundity in the F0 and F1 generations by > 30 % and increased the condition factor of the F1 generation 1.24-fold. PPARα/RXR and PXR ligand binding activation were found to be critical molecular initiating events associated with the decrease in fecundity. Several key events (changes in fatty acid oxidation and uptake, lipoprotein metabolism, and xenobiotic metabolism and transport) involved in lipid dysregulation and xenobiotic disposition were found to be induced by DB79 through bioinformatic annotation using dual-omics data. The biomolecular underpinnings of decreased transgenerational fertility in zebrafish attributable to BAD exposure were elucidated and novel biomolecular targets in the adverse outcome pathway framework were identified. These results will inform future studies and facilitate the development of mitigation strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Wang
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Wen Gu
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Shaoping Zhang
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Li Li
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Jian Kong
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Hong Zhi
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Juan Liu
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Mengmeng Wang
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Ke Miao
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Qi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Jie Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Runming Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Runming He
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Shuyi Zhang
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Fuchang Deng
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Shuling Duan
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Qiannan Zhang
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Food Safety Risk Assessment, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Research Unit, China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Beijing, China
| | - Zhenming Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Hui Yang
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Food Safety Risk Assessment, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Research Unit, China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Beijing, China
| | - Xudong Jia
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Food Safety Risk Assessment, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Research Unit, China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Beijing, China
| | - Hui Peng
- Department of Chemistry, School of Environment, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Song Tang
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China; Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
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2
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Guo DZ, Zhang X, Zhang SQ, Zhang SY, Zhang XY, Yan JY, Dong SY, Zhu K, Yang XR, Fan J, Zhou J, Huang A. Single-cell tumor heterogeneity landscape of hepatocellular carcinoma: unraveling the pro-metastatic subtype and its interaction loop with fibroblasts. Mol Cancer 2024; 23:157. [PMID: 39095854 PMCID: PMC11295380 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-024-02062-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 07/05/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tumor heterogeneity presents a formidable challenge in understanding the mechanisms driving tumor progression and metastasis. The heterogeneity of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in cellular level is not clear. METHODS Integration analysis of single-cell RNA sequencing data and spatial transcriptomics data was performed. Multiple methods were applied to investigate the subtype of HCC tumor cells. The functional characteristics, translation factors, clinical implications and microenvironment associations of different subtypes of tumor cells were analyzed. The interaction of subtype and fibroblasts were analyzed. RESULTS We established a heterogeneity landscape of HCC malignant cells by integrated 52 single-cell RNA sequencing data and 5 spatial transcriptomics data. We identified three subtypes in tumor cells, including ARG1+ metabolism subtype (Metab-subtype), TOP2A+ proliferation phenotype (Prol-phenotype), and S100A6+ pro-metastatic subtype (EMT-subtype). Enrichment analysis found that the three subtypes harbored different features, that is metabolism, proliferating, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Trajectory analysis revealed that both Metab-subtype and EMT-subtype originated from the Prol-phenotype. Translation factor analysis found that EMT-subtype showed exclusive activation of SMAD3 and TGF-β signaling pathway. HCC dominated by EMT-subtype cells harbored an unfavorable prognosis and a deserted microenvironment. We uncovered a positive loop between tumor cells and fibroblasts mediated by SPP1-CD44 and CCN2/TGF-β-TGFBR1 interaction pairs. Inhibiting CCN2 disrupted the loop, mitigated the transformation to EMT-subtype, and suppressed metastasis. CONCLUSION By establishing a heterogeneity landscape of malignant cells, we identified a three-subtype classification in HCC. Among them, S100A6+ tumor cells play a crucial role in metastasis. Targeting the feedback loop between tumor cells and fibroblasts is a promising anti-metastatic strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- De-Zhen Guo
- Department of Liver Surgery and Transplantation, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion (Fudan University), Ministry of Education, 136 Yi Xue Yuan Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Department of Liver Surgery and Transplantation, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion (Fudan University), Ministry of Education, 136 Yi Xue Yuan Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Sen-Quan Zhang
- Department of Liver Surgery and Transplantation, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion (Fudan University), Ministry of Education, 136 Yi Xue Yuan Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Shi-Yu Zhang
- Department of Liver Surgery and Transplantation, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion (Fudan University), Ministry of Education, 136 Yi Xue Yuan Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Xiang-Yu Zhang
- Department of Liver Surgery and Transplantation, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion (Fudan University), Ministry of Education, 136 Yi Xue Yuan Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Jia-Yan Yan
- Department of Liver Surgery and Transplantation, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion (Fudan University), Ministry of Education, 136 Yi Xue Yuan Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - San-Yuan Dong
- Department of Radiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Shanghai Institute of Medical Imaging, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Kai Zhu
- Department of Liver Surgery and Transplantation, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion (Fudan University), Ministry of Education, 136 Yi Xue Yuan Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Xin-Rong Yang
- Department of Liver Surgery and Transplantation, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion (Fudan University), Ministry of Education, 136 Yi Xue Yuan Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Jia Fan
- Department of Liver Surgery and Transplantation, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion (Fudan University), Ministry of Education, 136 Yi Xue Yuan Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Jian Zhou
- Department of Liver Surgery and Transplantation, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion (Fudan University), Ministry of Education, 136 Yi Xue Yuan Road, Shanghai, 200032, China.
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
| | - Ao Huang
- Department of Liver Surgery and Transplantation, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion (Fudan University), Ministry of Education, 136 Yi Xue Yuan Road, Shanghai, 200032, China.
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
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Brascher TC, de Bortoli L, Toledo-Silva G, Zacchi FL, Razzera G. In silico structural features of the CgNR5A: CgDAX complex and its role in regulating gene expression of CYP target genes in Crassostrea gigas. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 361:142443. [PMID: 38815811 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.142443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Revised: 05/20/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
Contamination of aquatic environments has been steadily increasing due to human activities. The Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas has been used as a key species in studies assessing the impacts of contaminants on human health and the aquatic biome. In this context, cytochrome P450 (CYPs) play a crucial role in xenobiotic metabolism. In vertebrates many of these CYPs are regulated by nuclear receptors (NRs) and little is known about the NRs role in C. gigas. Particularly, the CgNR5A represents a homologue of SF1 and LRH-1 found in vertebrates. Members of this group can regulate genes of CYPs involved in lipid/steroid metabolism, with their activity regulated by other NR, called as DAX-1, generating a NR complex on DNA response elements (REs). As C. gigas does not exhibit steroid biosynthesis pathways, CgNR5A may play other physiological roles. To clarify this issue, we conducted an in silico investigation of the interaction between CgNR5A and DNA to identify potential C. gigas CYP target genes. Using molecular docking and dynamics simulations of the CgNR5A on DNA molecules, we identified a monomeric interaction with extended REs. This RE was found in the promoter region of 30 CYP genes and also the NR CgDAX. When the upstream regulatory region was analyzed, CYP2C39, CYP3A11, CYP4C21, CYP7A1, CYP17A1, and CYP27C1 were mapped as the main genes regulated by CgNR5A. These identified CYPs belong to families known for their involvement in xenobiotic and lipid/steroid metabolism. Furthermore, we reconstructed a trimeric complex, previously proposed for vertebrates, with CgNR5A:CgDAX and subjected it to molecular dynamics simulations analysis. Heterotrimeric complex remained stable during the simulations, suggesting that CgDAX may modulate CgNR5A transcriptional activity. This study provides insights into the potential physiological processes involving these NRs in the regulation of CYPs associated with xenobiotic and steroid/lipid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theo Cardozo Brascher
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioquímica, Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, 88040-900, Brazil; Laboratório de Biomarcadores de Contaminação Aquática e Imunoquímica, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, 88040-900, Brazil
| | - Leonardo de Bortoli
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioquímica, Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, 88040-900, Brazil; Laboratório de Biomarcadores de Contaminação Aquática e Imunoquímica, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, 88040-900, Brazil; Laboratório de Genômica, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, 88040-900, Brazil
| | - Guilherme Toledo-Silva
- Laboratório de Genômica, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, 88040-900, Brazil
| | - Flávia Lucena Zacchi
- Laboratório de Moluscos Marinhos, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, 88061-600, Brazil
| | - Guilherme Razzera
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioquímica, Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, 88040-900, Brazil; Laboratório de Biomarcadores de Contaminação Aquática e Imunoquímica, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, 88040-900, Brazil.
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Yadav J, Maldonato BJ, Roesner JM, Vergara AG, Paragas EM, Aliwarga T, Humphreys S. Enzyme-mediated drug-drug interactions: a review of in vivo and in vitro methodologies, regulatory guidance, and translation to the clinic. Drug Metab Rev 2024:1-33. [PMID: 39057923 DOI: 10.1080/03602532.2024.2381021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 07/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
Enzyme-mediated pharmacokinetic drug-drug interactions can be caused by altered activity of drug metabolizing enzymes in the presence of a perpetrator drug, mostly via inhibition or induction. We identified a gap in the literature for a state-of-the art detailed overview assessing this type of DDI risk in the context of drug development. This manuscript discusses in vitro and in vivo methodologies employed during the drug discovery and development process to predict clinical enzyme-mediated DDIs, including the determination of clearance pathways, metabolic enzyme contribution, and the mechanisms and kinetics of enzyme inhibition and induction. We discuss regulatory guidance and highlight the utility of in silico physiologically-based pharmacokinetic modeling, an approach that continues to gain application and traction in support of regulatory filings. Looking to the future, we consider DDI risk assessment for targeted protein degraders, an emerging small molecule modality, which does not have recommended guidelines for DDI evaluation. Our goal in writing this report was to provide early-career researchers with a comprehensive view of the enzyme-mediated pharmacokinetic DDI landscape to aid their drug development efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaydeep Yadav
- Department of Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics, Metabolism & Bioanalytics (PDMB), Merck & Co., Inc., Boston, MA, USA
| | - Benjamin J Maldonato
- Department of Nonclinical Development and Clinical Pharmacology, Revolution Medicines, Inc., Redwood City, CA, USA
| | - Joseph M Roesner
- Department of Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics, Metabolism & Bioanalytics (PDMB), Merck & Co., Inc., Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ana G Vergara
- Department of Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics, Metabolism & Bioanalytics (PDMB), Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ, USA
| | - Erickson M Paragas
- Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism Department, Amgen Research, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Theresa Aliwarga
- Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism Department, Amgen Research, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Sara Humphreys
- Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism Department, Amgen Research, South San Francisco, CA, USA
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5
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Yan L, Yan Y, Yang K, Chang Q, Zhang L. Metabolomics reveals dysregulated all-trans retinoic acid and polyunsaturated fatty acid metabolism contribute to PXR-induced hepatic steatosis in mice. Toxicol Lett 2024; 398:150-160. [PMID: 38971454 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2024.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Revised: 06/05/2024] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/08/2024]
Abstract
Activation of pregnane X receptor (PXR) by xenobiotics has been associated with metabolic diseases. This study aimed to reveal the impact of PXR activation on hepatic metabolome and explore novel mechanisms underlying PXR-mediated lipid metabolism disorder in the liver. Wild-type and PXR-deficient male C57BL/6 mice were used as in vivo models, and hepatic steatosis was induced by pregnenolone-16α-carbonitrile, a typical rodent PXR agonist. Metabolomic analysis of liver tissues showed that PXR activation led to significant changes in metabolites involved in multiple metabolic pathways previously reported, including lipid metabolism, energy homeostasis, and amino acid metabolism. Moreover, the level of hepatic all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA), the main active metabolite of vitamin A, was significantly increased by PXR activation, and genes involved in ATRA metabolism exhibited differential expression following PXR activation or deficiency. Consistent with previous research, the expression of downstream target genes of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα) was decreased. Analysis of fatty acids by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometer further revealed changes in polyunsaturated fatty acid metabolism upon PXR activation, suggesting inhibition of PPARα activity. Taken together, our findings reveal a novel metabolomic signature of hepatic steatosis induced by PXR activation in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Yan
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou Univerisity, Zhengzhou 450052, China.
| | - Yachun Yan
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou Univerisity, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Kun Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Qi Chang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Lirong Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China.
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6
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Brianso-Llort L, Saéz-Lopez C, Alvarez-Guaita A, Ramos-Perez L, Hernandez C, Simó R, Selva DM. Recent Advances on Sex Hormone-Binding Globulin Regulation by Nutritional Factors: Clinical Implications. Mol Nutr Food Res 2024; 68:e2400020. [PMID: 38934352 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202400020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Revised: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) is a homodimeric glycoprotein produced by the human liver and secreted into the systemic circulation where it binds with high affinity sex steroids regulating their availability in blood and accessibility to target tissues. Plasma SHBG levels are altered in metabolic disorders such as obesity, anorexia, and insulin resistance. Several reports have shown that diets in terms of total calories or fat, fiber, or protein content can alter plasma SHBG levels. However, there are many components in a diet that can affect SHBG gene expression in the liver. In order to unravel the molecular mechanisms by which diets regulate SHBG production, it would be necessary to analyze single diet components and/or nutritional factors. This review summarizes the recent advances in identifying different nutritional factors regulating SHBG production and the related molecular mechanism, as well as the clinical implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Brianso-Llort
- Diabetes and Metabolism Research Unit, Vall Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona and Biomedical Network Research Centre on Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases (CIBERDEM, ISCIII), Barcelona, 08035, Spain
| | - Cristina Saéz-Lopez
- Diabetes and Metabolism Research Unit, Vall Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona and Biomedical Network Research Centre on Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases (CIBERDEM, ISCIII), Barcelona, 08035, Spain
| | - Anna Alvarez-Guaita
- Diabetes and Metabolism Research Unit, Vall Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona and Biomedical Network Research Centre on Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases (CIBERDEM, ISCIII), Barcelona, 08035, Spain
| | - Lorena Ramos-Perez
- Diabetes and Metabolism Research Unit, Vall Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona and Biomedical Network Research Centre on Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases (CIBERDEM, ISCIII), Barcelona, 08035, Spain
| | - Cristina Hernandez
- Diabetes and Metabolism Research Unit, Vall Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona and Biomedical Network Research Centre on Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases (CIBERDEM, ISCIII), Barcelona, 08035, Spain
| | - Rafael Simó
- Diabetes and Metabolism Research Unit, Vall Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona and Biomedical Network Research Centre on Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases (CIBERDEM, ISCIII), Barcelona, 08035, Spain
| | - David M Selva
- Diabetes and Metabolism Research Unit, Vall Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona and Biomedical Network Research Centre on Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases (CIBERDEM, ISCIII), Barcelona, 08035, Spain
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7
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Datta-Mannan A, Shanks E, Yuen E, Jin Y, Rehmel J, Hall SD. Identification of a Safe and Tolerable Carbamazepine Dosing Paradigm that Facilitates Effective Evaluation of CYP3A4 Induction. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2024. [PMID: 38864600 DOI: 10.1002/cpt.3332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024]
Abstract
Carbamazepine (CBZ) is the recommended alternative to rifampicin as a CYP3A4 inducer in drug-drug interaction studies. However, the traditional CBZ dosing paradigm can lead to several adverse events (AEs). This study tested a shorter CBZ dosing regimen using the CYP3A4-sensitive index substrate midazolam (MDZ). This was a fixed-sequence arm of an open-label, phase I study (NCT04840888). Healthy participants (n = 15) aged 18-63 years received oral doses of 1.2 mg MDZ alone (Day 1), CBZ b.i.d. alone (100 mg Days 2-4; 200 mg Days 5-7; 300 mg Days 8-10 and 12-13), and 300 mg CBZ b.i.d. plus 1.2 mg MDZ (Days 11 and 14). One participant (6.7%) experienced constipation due to treatment with CBZ plus MDZ on Day 11. One participant (6.7%) experienced urticaria (Days 12-13), and two participants (13.3%) experienced somnolence (Days 8-10) due to treatment with 300 mg CBZ b.i.d. alone. All AEs were mild. For MDZ, the geometric mean (90% CI) ratio (vs. Day 1) of the area under the curve (AUC 0-∞) was 0.28 (0.24-0.31) on Day 11 and 0.26 (0.23-0.29) on Day 14. The AUC (0-12 hours) of CBZ was 114,000 ng∙h/mL on Day 11 and 105,000 ng∙h/mL on Day 14. Steady-state concentrations of CBZ and induction of CYP3A4 were achieved on Day 11. The data are consistent with predictions of physiologically-based pharmacokinetic models in Simcyp. The 9-day dosing regimen for CBZ induction was well-tolerated by healthy participants, supporting the use of a shorter CBZ regimen for CYP3A4 induction studies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Eunice Yuen
- Eli Lilly and Company, Bracknell, Berkshire, UK
| | - Yan Jin
- Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
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Casas-Rodríguez A, Medrano-Padial C, Jos A, Cameán AM, Campos A, Fonseca E. Characterization of NR1J1 Paralog Responses of Marine Mussels: Insights from Toxins and Natural Activators. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6287. [PMID: 38928005 PMCID: PMC11204112 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25126287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2024] [Revised: 05/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The pregnane X receptor (PXR) is a nuclear hormone receptor that plays a pivotal role in regulating gene expression in response to various ligands, particularly xenobiotics. In this context, the aim of this study was to shed light on the ligand affinity and functions of four NR1J1 paralogs identified in the marine mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis, employing a dual-luciferase reporter assay. To achieve this, the activation patterns of these paralogs in response to various toxins, including freshwater cyanotoxins (Anatoxin-a, Cylindrospermopsin, and Microcystin-LR, -RR, and -YR) and marine algal toxins (Nodularin, Saxitoxin, and Tetrodotoxin), alongside natural compounds (Saint John's Wort, Ursolic Acid, and 8-Methoxypsoralene) and microalgal extracts (Tetraselmis, Isochrysis, LEGE 95046, and LEGE 91351 extracts), were studied. The investigation revealed nuanced differences in paralog response patterns, highlighting the remarkable sensitivity of MgaNR1J1γ and MgaNR1J1δ paralogs to several toxins. In conclusion, this study sheds light on the intricate mechanisms of xenobiotic metabolism and detoxification, particularly focusing on the role of marine mussel NR1J1 in responding to a diverse array of compounds. Furthermore, comparative analysis with human PXR revealed potential species-specific adaptations in detoxification mechanisms, suggesting evolutionary implications. These findings deepen our understanding of PXR-mediated metabolism mechanisms, offering insights into environmental monitoring and evolutionary biology research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Casas-Rodríguez
- Area of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidad de Sevilla, Profesor García González n◦2, 41012 Seville, Spain; (A.C.-R.); (A.J.); (A.M.C.)
| | - Concepción Medrano-Padial
- Area of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidad de Sevilla, Profesor García González n◦2, 41012 Seville, Spain; (A.C.-R.); (A.J.); (A.M.C.)
- Laboratorio de Fitoquímica y Alimentos Saludables (LabFAS), Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CEBAS-CSIC), Campus Universitario 25, Espinardo, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - Angeles Jos
- Area of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidad de Sevilla, Profesor García González n◦2, 41012 Seville, Spain; (A.C.-R.); (A.J.); (A.M.C.)
| | - Ana M. Cameán
- Area of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidad de Sevilla, Profesor García González n◦2, 41012 Seville, Spain; (A.C.-R.); (A.J.); (A.M.C.)
| | - Alexandre Campos
- Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental (CIIMAR/CIMAR), University of Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos, s/n, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal;
| | - Elza Fonseca
- Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental (CIIMAR/CIMAR), University of Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos, s/n, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal;
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9
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Gairola A, Wetten A, Dyson J. Sodium/bile acid co-transporter inhibitors currently in preclinical or early clinical development for the treatment of primary biliary cholangitis. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2024; 33:485-495. [PMID: 38613839 DOI: 10.1080/13543784.2024.2343789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/15/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Pruritus is common and often undertreated in patients with primary biliary cholangitis (PBC). Existing treatments largely have an aging and low-quality evidence base, and studies included only small numbers of patients. More recent data that has added to our understanding of pruritus treatments has often come from clinical trials where itching was a secondary outcome measure in a trial designed primarily to assess disease-modifying agents. This area represents an unmet clinical need in the management of PBC. AREAS COVERED In this manuscript, we first summarize the proposed mechanisms for PBC-related pruritus and the current treatment paradigm. We then present an appraisal of the existing pre-clinical and clinical evidence for the use of ileal bile acid transporter inhibitors (IBATis) for this indication in PBC patients. EXPERT OPINION Evidence for the efficacy of IBATis is promising but limited by the currently available volume of data. Furthermore, larger clinical trials with long-term data on efficacy, safety and tolerability are needed to confirm the role of using IBATis in clinical practice and their place on the itch treatment ladder. Additional focus should also be given to exploring the disease-modifying potential of IBATis in PBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhishek Gairola
- Liver Unit, Freeman Hospital, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle, UK
| | - Aaron Wetten
- Liver Unit, Freeman Hospital, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle, UK
- Institute of Cellular Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle, UK
| | - Jessica Dyson
- Liver Unit, Freeman Hospital, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle, UK
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle, UK
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10
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Cui Q, Jiang T, Xie X, Wang H, Qian L, Cheng Y, Li Q, Lu T, Yao Q, Liu J, Lai B, Chen C, Xiao L, Wang N. S-nitrosylation attenuates pregnane X receptor hyperactivity and acetaminophen-induced liver injury. JCI Insight 2024; 9:e172632. [PMID: 38032737 PMCID: PMC10906221 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.172632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Drug-induced liver injury (DILI), especially acetaminophen overdose, is the leading cause of acute liver failure. Pregnane X receptor (PXR) is a nuclear receptor and the master regulator of drug metabolism. Aberrant activation of PXR plays a pathogenic role in the acetaminophen hepatotoxicity. Here, we aimed to examine the S-nitrosylation of PXR (SNO-PXR) in response to acetaminophen. We found that PXR was S-nitrosylated in hepatocytes and the mouse livers after exposure to acetaminophen or S-nitrosoglutathione (GSNO). Mass spectrometry and site-directed mutagenesis identified the cysteine 307 as the primary residue for S-nitrosylation (SNO) modification. In hepatocytes, SNO suppressed both agonist-induced (rifampicin and SR12813) and constitutively active PXR (VP-PXR, a human PXR fused to the minimal transactivator domain of the herpes virus transcription factor VP16) activations. Furthermore, in acetaminophen-overdosed mouse livers, PXR protein was decreased at the centrilobular regions overlapping with increased SNO. In PXR-/- mice, replenishing the livers with the SNO-deficient PXR significantly aggravated hepatic necrosis, increased HMGB1 release, and exacerbated liver injury and inflammation. Particularly, we demonstrated that S-nitrosoglutathione reductase (GSNOR) inhibitor N6022 promoted hepatoprotection by increasing the levels of SNO-PXR. In conclusion, PXR is posttranslationally modified by SNO in hepatocytes in response to acetaminophen. This modification mitigated the acetaminophen-induced PXR hyperactivity. It may serve as a target for therapeutical intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Cui
- Advanced Institute for Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Tingting Jiang
- Advanced Institute for Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Xinya Xie
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Haodong Wang
- East China Normal University Health Science Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Lei Qian
- Advanced Institute for Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Yanyan Cheng
- Advanced Institute for Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Qiang Li
- School of Public Health, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Tingxu Lu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Qinyu Yao
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Jia Liu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Baochang Lai
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Chang Chen
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lei Xiao
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Nanping Wang
- East China Normal University Health Science Center, Shanghai, China
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11
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Colón Ortiz R, Knerler S, Fridman LB, Mercado A, Price AS, Rosado-Franco JJ, Wilkins H, Flores BR, Orsburn BC, Williams DW. Cocaine regulates antiretroviral therapy CNS access through pregnane-x receptor-mediated drug transporter and metabolizing enzyme modulation at the blood brain barrier. Fluids Barriers CNS 2024; 21:5. [PMID: 38200564 PMCID: PMC10777548 DOI: 10.1186/s12987-023-00507-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Appropriate interactions between antiretroviral therapies (ART) and drug transporters and metabolizing enzymes at the blood brain barrier (BBB) are critical to ensure adequate dosing of the brain to achieve HIV suppression. These proteins are modulated by demographic and lifestyle factors, including substance use. While understudied, illicit substances share drug transport and metabolism pathways with ART, increasing the potential for adverse drug:drug interactions. This is particularly important when considering the brain as it is relatively undertreated compared to peripheral organs and is vulnerable to substance use-mediated damage. METHODS We used an in vitro model of the human BBB to determine the extravasation of three first-line ART drugs, emtricitabine (FTC), tenofovir (TFV), and dolutegravir (DTG), in the presence and absence of cocaine, which served as our illicit substance model. The impact of cocaine on BBB integrity and permeability, drug transporters, metabolizing enzymes, and their master transcriptional regulators were evaluated to determine the mechanisms by which substance use impacted ART central nervous system (CNS) availability. RESULTS We determined that cocaine had a selective impact on ART extravasation, where it increased FTC's ability to cross the BBB while decreasing TFV. DTG concentrations that passed the BBB were below quantifiable limits. Interestingly, the potent neuroinflammatory modulator, lipopolysaccharide, had no effect on ART transport, suggesting a specificity for cocaine. Unexpectedly, cocaine did not breach the BBB, as permeability to albumin and 4 kDa FITC-dextran, as well as tight junction proteins and adhesion molecules remained unchanged. Rather, cocaine selectively decreased the pregnane-x receptor (PXR), but not constitutive androstane receptor (CAR). Consequently, drug transporter expression and activity decreased in endothelial cells of the BBB, including p-glycoprotein (P-gp), breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP), and multidrug resistance-associated protein 4 (MRP4). Further, cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4) enzymatic activity increased following cocaine treatment that coincided with decreased expression. Finally, cocaine modulated adenylate kinases that are required to facilitate biotransformation of ART prodrugs to their phosphorylated, pharmacologically active counterparts. CONCLUSION Our findings indicate that additional considerations are needed in CNS HIV treatment strategies for people who use cocaine, as it may limit ART efficacy through regulation of drug transport and metabolizing pathways at the BBB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodnie Colón Ortiz
- Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Stephen Knerler
- Department of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Lisa B Fridman
- Department of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Alicia Mercado
- Department of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Amira-Storm Price
- Department of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Jose J Rosado-Franco
- Department of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Hannah Wilkins
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Bianca R Flores
- Department of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Benjamin C Orsburn
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Dionna W Williams
- Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.
- Department of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.
- Department of Medicine, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.
- Department of Molecular Microbiology & Immunology, Johns Hopkins School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Rollins Research Center, 1510 Clifton Road NE, 30322, Atlanta, Georgia.
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12
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Liu J, Tian R, Sun C, Guo Y, Dong L, Li Y, Song X. Microbial metabolites are involved in tumorigenesis and development by regulating immune responses. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1290414. [PMID: 38169949 PMCID: PMC10758836 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1290414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
The human microbiota is symbiotic with the host and can create a variety of metabolites. Under normal conditions, microbial metabolites can regulate host immune function and eliminate abnormal cells in a timely manner. However, when metabolite production is abnormal, the host immune system might be unable to identify and get rid of tumor cells at the early stage of carcinogenesis, which results in tumor development. The mechanisms by which intestinal microbial metabolites, including short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), microbial tryptophan catabolites (MTCs), polyamines (PAs), hydrogen sulfide, and secondary bile acids, are involved in tumorigenesis and development by regulating immune responses are summarized in this review. SCFAs and MTCs can prevent cancer by altering the expression of enzymes and epigenetic modifications in both immune cells and intestinal epithelial cells. MTCs can also stimulate immune cell receptors to inhibit the growth and metastasis of the host cancer. SCFAs, MTCs, bacterial hydrogen sulfide and secondary bile acids can control mucosal immunity to influence the occurrence and growth of tumors. Additionally, SCFAs, MTCs, PAs and bacterial hydrogen sulfide can also affect the anti-tumor immune response in tumor therapy by regulating the function of immune cells. Microbial metabolites have a good application prospect in the clinical diagnosis and treatment of tumors, and our review provides a good basis for related research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahui Liu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Qingdao University, Yantai, China
- Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Otorhinolaryngologic Diseases, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Qingdao University, Yantai, China
- Yantai Key Laboratory of Otorhinolaryngologic Diseases, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Qingdao University, Yantai, China
| | - Ruxian Tian
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Qingdao University, Yantai, China
- Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Otorhinolaryngologic Diseases, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Qingdao University, Yantai, China
- Yantai Key Laboratory of Otorhinolaryngologic Diseases, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Qingdao University, Yantai, China
| | - Caiyu Sun
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Qingdao University, Yantai, China
- Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Otorhinolaryngologic Diseases, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Qingdao University, Yantai, China
- Yantai Key Laboratory of Otorhinolaryngologic Diseases, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Qingdao University, Yantai, China
| | - Ying Guo
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Qingdao University, Yantai, China
- Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Otorhinolaryngologic Diseases, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Qingdao University, Yantai, China
- Yantai Key Laboratory of Otorhinolaryngologic Diseases, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Qingdao University, Yantai, China
| | - Lei Dong
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Qingdao University, Yantai, China
- Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Otorhinolaryngologic Diseases, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Qingdao University, Yantai, China
- Yantai Key Laboratory of Otorhinolaryngologic Diseases, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Qingdao University, Yantai, China
| | - Yumei Li
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Qingdao University, Yantai, China
- Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Otorhinolaryngologic Diseases, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Qingdao University, Yantai, China
- Yantai Key Laboratory of Otorhinolaryngologic Diseases, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Qingdao University, Yantai, China
| | - Xicheng Song
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Qingdao University, Yantai, China
- Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Otorhinolaryngologic Diseases, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Qingdao University, Yantai, China
- Yantai Key Laboratory of Otorhinolaryngologic Diseases, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Qingdao University, Yantai, China
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13
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Deans JR, Deol P, Titova N, Radi SH, Vuong LM, Evans JR, Pan S, Fahrmann J, Yang J, Hammock BD, Fiehn O, Fekry B, Eckel-Mahan K, Sladek FM. HNF4α isoforms regulate the circadian balance between carbohydrate and lipid metabolism in the liver. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1266527. [PMID: 38111711 PMCID: PMC10726135 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1266527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocyte Nuclear Factor 4α (HNF4α), a master regulator of hepatocyte differentiation, is regulated by two promoters (P1 and P2) which drive the expression of different isoforms. P1-HNF4α is the major isoform in the adult liver while P2-HNF4α is thought to be expressed only in fetal liver and liver cancer. Here, we show that P2-HNF4α is indeed expressed in the normal adult liver at Zeitgeber time (ZT)9 and ZT21. Using exon swap mice that express only P2-HNF4α we show that this isoform orchestrates a distinct transcriptome and metabolome via unique chromatin and protein-protein interactions, including with different clock proteins at different times of the day leading to subtle differences in circadian gene regulation. Furthermore, deletion of the Clock gene alters the circadian oscillation of P2- (but not P1-)HNF4α RNA, revealing a complex feedback loop between the HNF4α isoforms and the hepatic clock. Finally, we demonstrate that while P1-HNF4α drives gluconeogenesis, P2-HNF4α drives ketogenesis and is required for elevated levels of ketone bodies in female mice. Taken together, we propose that the highly conserved two-promoter structure of the Hnf4a gene is an evolutionarily conserved mechanism to maintain the balance between gluconeogenesis and ketogenesis in the liver in a circadian fashion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan R. Deans
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, United States
- Genetics, Genomics and Bioinformatics Graduate Program, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, United States
| | - Poonamjot Deol
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, United States
| | - Nina Titova
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, United States
| | - Sarah H. Radi
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, United States
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Graduate Program, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, United States
| | - Linh M. Vuong
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, United States
| | - Jane R. Evans
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, United States
| | - Songqin Pan
- Proteomics Core, Institute for Integrative Genome Biology, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, United States
| | - Johannes Fahrmann
- National Institutes of Health West Coast Metabolomics Center, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Jun Yang
- Department of Entomology and Nematology & UCD Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Bruce D. Hammock
- Department of Entomology and Nematology & UCD Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Oliver Fiehn
- National Institutes of Health West Coast Metabolomics Center, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Baharan Fekry
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, McGovern Medical School at the University of Texas Health Science Center (UT Health), Houston, TX, United States
| | - Kristin Eckel-Mahan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, McGovern Medical School at the University of Texas Health Science Center (UT Health), Houston, TX, United States
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, McGovern Medical School at the University of Texas Health Science Center (UT Health), Houston, TX, United States
| | - Frances M. Sladek
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, United States
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14
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Rakateli L, Huchzermeier R, van der Vorst EPC. AhR, PXR and CAR: From Xenobiotic Receptors to Metabolic Sensors. Cells 2023; 12:2752. [PMID: 38067179 PMCID: PMC10705969 DOI: 10.3390/cells12232752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Revised: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Traditionally, xenobiotic receptors are known for their role in chemical sensing and detoxification, as receptor activation regulates the expression of various key enzymes and receptors. However, recent studies have highlighted that xenobiotic receptors also play a key role in the regulation of lipid metabolism and therefore function also as metabolic sensors. Since dyslipidemia is a major risk factor for various cardiometabolic diseases, like atherosclerosis and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, it is of major importance to understand the molecular mechanisms that are regulated by xenobiotic receptors. In this review, three major xenobiotic receptors will be discussed, being the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR), pregnane X receptor (PXR) and the constitutive androstane receptor (CAR). Specifically, this review will focus on recent insights into the metabolic functions of these receptors, especially in the field of lipid metabolism and the associated dyslipidemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonida Rakateli
- Institute for Molecular Cardiovascular Research (IMCAR), RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany; (L.R.); (R.H.)
- Aachen-Maastricht Institute for CardioRenal Disease (AMICARE), RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Rosanna Huchzermeier
- Institute for Molecular Cardiovascular Research (IMCAR), RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany; (L.R.); (R.H.)
- Aachen-Maastricht Institute for CardioRenal Disease (AMICARE), RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Emiel P. C. van der Vorst
- Institute for Molecular Cardiovascular Research (IMCAR), RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany; (L.R.); (R.H.)
- Aachen-Maastricht Institute for CardioRenal Disease (AMICARE), RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, 80336 Munich, Germany
- Interdisciplinary Center for Clinical Research (IZKF), RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
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15
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He S, Zhao J, Bian J, Zhao Y, Li Y, Guo N, Hu L, Liu B, Shao Q, He H, Huang L, Jiang Q. Population Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacogenetics Analyses of Dasatinib in Chinese Patients with Chronic Myeloid Leukemia. Pharm Res 2023; 40:2413-2422. [PMID: 37726405 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-023-03603-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Dasatinib, a second-generation tyrosine kinase inhibitor of BCR-ABL 1, used for first-line treatment of Philadelphia chromosome-positive chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), exhibits high pharmacokinetic (PK) variability. However, its PK data in Chinese patients with CML remains rarely reported to date. Thus, we developed a population pharmacokinetic (PPK) model of dasatinib in Chinese patients and identified the covariate that could explain the individual variability of PK for optimal individual administration. METHODS PPK modeling for dasatinib was performed based on 754 plasma concentrations obtained from 140 CML patients and analysis of various genetic and physicochemical parameters. Modeling was performed with nonlinear mixed-effects (NLME) using Phoenix NLME. The finally developed model was evaluated using internal and external validation. Monte Carlo simulations were used to predict drug exposures at a steady state for various dosages. RESULTS The PK of dasatinib were well described by a two-compartment with a log-additive residual error model. Patients in the current study had a relatively low estimate of CL/F (126 L/h). A significant association was found between the covariate of age and CL/F of dasatinib, which was incorporated into the final model. None of the genetic factors was confirmed as a significant covariate for dasatinib. The results of external validation with 140 samples from 36 patients were acceptable. Simulation results showed significantly higher exposures in elderly patients. CONCLUSIONS This study's findings suggested that low-dose dasatinib would be better suited for Chinese patients, and the dosage can be appropriately reduced according to the increase of age, especially for the elderly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiyu He
- Department of Pharmacy, Peking University People's Hospital, No. 11 Xizhimen South StreetXicheng District, Beijing, 100044, China
- Department of Pharmacy Administration and Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Jinxia Zhao
- Department of Pharmacy, Peking University People's Hospital, No. 11 Xizhimen South StreetXicheng District, Beijing, 100044, China
- Department of Pharmacy Administration and Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Jialu Bian
- Department of Pharmacy, Peking University People's Hospital, No. 11 Xizhimen South StreetXicheng District, Beijing, 100044, China
- Department of Pharmacy Administration and Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yinyu Zhao
- Department of Pharmacy, Peking University People's Hospital, No. 11 Xizhimen South StreetXicheng District, Beijing, 100044, China
- Department of Pharmacy Administration and Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuanyuan Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Peking University People's Hospital, No. 11 Xizhimen South StreetXicheng District, Beijing, 100044, China
| | - Nan Guo
- Department of Pharmacy, Peking University People's Hospital, No. 11 Xizhimen South StreetXicheng District, Beijing, 100044, China
| | - Lei Hu
- Department of Pharmacy, Peking University People's Hospital, No. 11 Xizhimen South StreetXicheng District, Beijing, 100044, China
| | - Boyu Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Peking University People's Hospital, No. 11 Xizhimen South StreetXicheng District, Beijing, 100044, China
| | - Qianhang Shao
- Department of Pharmacy, Peking University People's Hospital, No. 11 Xizhimen South StreetXicheng District, Beijing, 100044, China
| | - Huan He
- Department of Pharmacy, Beijing Children's Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Lin Huang
- Department of Pharmacy, Peking University People's Hospital, No. 11 Xizhimen South StreetXicheng District, Beijing, 100044, China.
| | - Qian Jiang
- Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Institute of Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Disease, Beijing Key Laboratory of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, No. 11 Xizhimen South StreetXicheng District, Beijing, 100044, China.
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16
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Fridman LB, Knerler S, Price AS, Ortiz RC, Mercado A, Wilkins H, Flores BR, Orsburn BC, Williams DW. Cocaine Regulates Antiretroviral Therapy CNS Access Through Pregnane-X Receptor-Mediated Drug Transporter and Metabolizing Enzyme Modulation at the Blood Brain Barrier. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.07.28.551042. [PMID: 37546800 PMCID: PMC10402182 DOI: 10.1101/2023.07.28.551042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
Background Appropriate interactions between antiretroviral therapies (ART) and drug transporters and metabolizing enzymes at the blood brain barrier (BBB) are critical to ensure adequate dosing of the brain to achieve HIV suppression. These proteins are modulated by demographic and lifestyle factors, including substance use. While understudied, illicit substances share drug transport and metabolism pathways with ART, increasing the potential for adverse drug:drug interactions. This is particularly important when considering the brain as it is relatively undertreated compared to peripheral organs and is vulnerable to substance use-mediated damage. Methods We used an in vitro model of the human BBB to determine the extravasation of three first-line ART drugs, emtricitabine (FTC), tenofovir (TFV), and dolutegravir (DTG), in the presence and absence of cocaine, which served as our illicit substance model. The impact of cocaine on BBB integrity and permeability, drug transporters, metabolizing enzymes, and their master transcriptional regulators were evaluated to determine the mechanisms by which substance use impacted ART central nervous system (CNS) availability. Results We determined that cocaine had a selective impact on ART extravasation, where it increased FTC's ability to cross the BBB while decreasing TFV. DTG concentrations that passed the BBB were below quantifiable limits. Interestingly, the potent neuroinflammatory modulator, lipopolysaccharide, had no effect on ART transport, suggesting a specificity for cocaine. Unexpectedly, cocaine did not breach the BBB, as permeability to albumin and tight junction proteins and adhesion molecules remained unchanged. Rather, cocaine selectively decreased the pregnane-x receptor (PXR), but not constitutive androstane receptor (CAR). Consequently, drug transporter expression and activity decreased in endothelial cells of the BBB, including p-glycoprotein (P-gp), breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP), and multidrug resistance-associated protein 4 (MRP4). Further, cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4) enzymatic activity increased following cocaine treatment that coincided with decreased expression. Finally, cocaine modulated adenylate kinases are required to facilitate biotransformation of ART prodrugs to their phosphorylated, pharmacologically active counterparts. Conclusion Our findings indicate that additional considerations are needed in CNS HIV treatment strategies for people who use cocaine, as it may limit ART efficacy through regulation of drug transport and metabolizing pathways at the BBB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa B. Fridman
- Department of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205
| | - Stephen Knerler
- Department of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205
| | - Amira-Storm Price
- Department of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205
| | - Rodnie Colón Ortiz
- Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205
| | - Alicia Mercado
- Department of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205
| | - Hannah Wilkins
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205
| | - Bianca R. Flores
- Department of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205
| | - Benjamin C. Orsburn
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205
| | - Dionna W. Williams
- Department of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205
- Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205
- Department of Medicine, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205
- Department of Molecular Microbiology & Immunology, Johns Hopkins School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland 21205
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17
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Casey A, Köcher T, Caygill S, Champion C, Bonnot C, Dolan L. Transcriptome changes in chlorsulfuron-treated plants are caused by acetolactate synthase inhibition and not induction of a herbicide detoxification system in Marchantia polymorpha. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 191:105370. [PMID: 36963939 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2023.105370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
A sensing mechanism in mammals perceives xenobiotics and induces the transcription of genes encoding proteins that detoxify these molecules. However, it is unclear if plants sense xenobiotics, and activate an analogous signalling system leading to their detoxification. Using the liverwort Marchantia polymorpha, we tested the hypothesis that there is a sensing system in plants that perceives herbicides resulting in the increased transcription of genes encoding proteins that detoxify these herbicides. Consistent with the hypothesis, we show that chlorsulfuron-treatment induces changes in the M. polymorpha transcriptome. However, these transcriptome changes do not occur in chlorsulfuron (CS)-treated target site resistant mutants, where the gene encoding the target carries a mutation that confers resistance to chlorsulfuron. Instead, we show that inactivation of the chlorsulfuron target, acetolactate synthase (ALS) (also known as acetohydroxyacid synthase (AHAS)), is required for the transcriptome response. These data demonstrate that the transcriptome changes in chlorsulfuron-treated plants are caused by disrupted amino acid synthesis and metabolism resulting from acetolactate synthase inhibition, and indicate that the transcriptome changes are not caused by a herbicide sensing mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Casey
- Department of Biology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3RB, United Kingdom; Gregor Mendel Institute, Dr. Bohr-Gasse, 3, Vienna 1030, Austria
| | - Thomas Köcher
- Vienna BioCenter Core Facilities GmbH, Dr. Bohr-Gasse 3, Vienna 1030, Austria
| | - Samuel Caygill
- Department of Biology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3RB, United Kingdom; Gregor Mendel Institute, Dr. Bohr-Gasse, 3, Vienna 1030, Austria
| | - Clément Champion
- Department of Biology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3RB, United Kingdom
| | - Clémence Bonnot
- Department of Biology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3RB, United Kingdom
| | - Liam Dolan
- Department of Biology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3RB, United Kingdom; Gregor Mendel Institute, Dr. Bohr-Gasse, 3, Vienna 1030, Austria.
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18
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de Wit K, Beuers U, Mukha A, Stigter ECA, Gulersonmez MC, Ramos Pittol JM, Middendorp S, Takkenberg RB, van Mil SWC. Rifaximin stimulates nitrogen detoxification by PXR-independent mechanisms in human small intestinal organoids. Liver Int 2023; 43:649-659. [PMID: 36463417 DOI: 10.1111/liv.15491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Recurrent hepatic encephalopathy (HE) is characterized by hyperammonaemia in combination with neuropsychiatric abnormalities and is treated with lactulose and rifaximin. Rifaximin is a pregnane X receptor (PXR) agonist with low systemic and high intestinal bioavailability. The mechanisms by which it alleviates HE are unclear. We used human small intestinal (hSI) organoids to study whether rifaximin, via PXR activation, affects the epithelial biotransformation machinery, and to gain understanding of its low systemic availability. METHODS We generated PXR knockdown hSI organoids via lentiviral delivery of short hairpin RNAs. Organoids were cultured for 24 h with rifaximin or rifampicin. RNA-sequencing and metabolomics were performed to analyse gene expression and amino acid metabolism. Luminal rifaximin was quantified by photospectrometry. RESULTS Treatment of wild-type hSI organoids with rifaximin resulted in >twofold differential expression of 131 genes compared to DMSO. These effects were largely PXR independent and related to amino acid metabolism. Rifaximin decreased expression of glutaminase-2 and increased expression of asparagine synthetase and solute carrier 7A11, thereby increasing intracellular glutamine and asparagine concentrations, indicating active ammonia detoxification. Rifaximin was apically excreted into the lumen in an ATP binding cassette B1 (ABCB1)-dependent manner. CONCLUSIONS Rifaximin-after uptake into enterocytes-stimulates intracellular nitrogen detoxification by PXR-independent mechanisms. Active apical excretion of rifaximin by ABCB1 into the intestinal lumen explains its low systemic bioavailability. Our study implies that rifaximin, next to modulation of the microbiome, has direct effects on ammonia scavenging in the human small intestinal epithelium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koos de Wit
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ulrich Beuers
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Anna Mukha
- Center for Molecular Medicine, UMC Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Edwin C A Stigter
- Center for Molecular Medicine, UMC Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - M Can Gulersonmez
- Center for Molecular Medicine, UMC Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Jose M Ramos Pittol
- Center for Molecular Medicine, UMC Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Sabine Middendorp
- Division of Paediatric Gastroenterology, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, UMC Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Regenerative Medicine Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - R Bart Takkenberg
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Saskia W C van Mil
- Center for Molecular Medicine, UMC Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Desch M, Schlecker C, Hohl K, Liesenfeld KH, Chan T, Müller F, Wunderlich G, Keller S, Ishiguro N, Wind S. Pharmacokinetic-Interactions of BI 425809, a Novel Glycine Transporter 1 Inhibitor, With Cytochrome P450 and P-Glycoprotein Substrates: Findings From In Vitro Analyses and an Open-Label, Single-Sequence Phase I Study. J Clin Psychopharmacol 2023; 43:113-121. [PMID: 36700734 PMCID: PMC9988221 DOI: 10.1097/jcp.0000000000001656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE/BACKGROUND Glycine transporter-1 inhibitors may ameliorate cognitive deficits in schizophrenia. This study evaluated potential drug-drug interactions with the glycine transporter-1 inhibitor BI 425809. METHODS/PROCEDURES Interactions with cytochromes P450 (CYP) and P-glycoprotein (P-gp) were assessed in in vitro assays using human hepatocytes and Caco-2 cells, respectively. Pharmacokinetic characteristics of probe drugs were subsequently assessed in a Phase I, open-label, single-sequence crossover study in healthy male participants. Participants received a probe-drug cocktail containing midazolam (CYP3A4), warfarin (CYP2C9), and omeprazole (CYP2C19) and a separate dose of digoxin (P-gp), alone and on a background of steady-state BI 425809 25 mg once daily in 2 treatment periods. Adverse events were monitored. FINDINGS/RESULTS In vitro assays revealed concentration-dependent induction of CYP3A4 and inhibition of P-gp by BI 425809. In the clinical study, 12 of 13 participants completed both periods. With BI 425809, area under the plasma concentration curve from administration to the last measurement (AUC 0-tz ) and maximum plasma concentration ( Cmax ) for midazolam were lower than when administered alone. Adjusted geometric mean ratios (90% confidence interval) were 70.6% (63.9%-78.1%) for AUC 0-tz and 77.6% (67.3%-89.4%) for Cmax . For warfarin and digoxin, AUC 0-tz and Cmax were similar with and without BI 425809. For omeprazole, BI 425809 slightly reduced AUC 0-tz but not Cmax versus omeprazole alone. No new safety signals were identified. IMPLICATIONS/CONCLUSIONS These findings indicate induction of CYP3A4 by once-daily BI 425809 25 mg (the assumed highest therapeutic dose) and no meaningful effects on CYP2C9, CYP2C19, or P-gp in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Desch
- From the Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Biberach an der Riss
| | | | - Kathrin Hohl
- From the Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Biberach an der Riss
| | | | - Tom Chan
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals Inc, Ridgefield, CT
| | | | | | - Sascha Keller
- From the Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Biberach an der Riss
| | | | - Sven Wind
- From the Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Biberach an der Riss
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20
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Meitei HN, Pandey A, Haobam R. Polymorphisms in drug metabolism genes as a risk factor for first-line anti-tuberculosis drug-induced liver injury. Mol Biol Rep 2023; 50:2893-2900. [PMID: 36562936 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-022-08158-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anti-tuberculosis drug-induced liver injury (AT-DILI) is one of the most common side effects in TB patients during treatment. The prime cause of liver injury during TB treatment is reported to be isoniazid and its metabolites. Different factors influenced the development of AT-DILI, and genetic factors are one of the major factors. METHODS AND RESULTS Polymorphisms in drug metabolism genes like NAT2, CYP2E1, PXR, and GST have been reported to be associated with AT-DILI, and they are one of the major areas of focus at present. Attempts are met in this review to analyse the different markers in these drug metabolism genes for their association with AT-DILI. CONCLUSION A better understanding of the polymorphisms in these genes and their functional effects will give better insights into the development of AT-DILI, and it could facilitate in designing and developing more effective personalized treatment for TB.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anupama Pandey
- Department of Biotechnology, Manipur University, Canchipur, Imphal, Manipur, 795003, India
| | - Reena Haobam
- Department of Biotechnology, Manipur University, Canchipur, Imphal, Manipur, 795003, India.
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21
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Zhang D, Ning J, Ramprasath T, Yu C, Zheng X, Song P, Xie Z, Zou MH. Kynurenine promotes neonatal heart regeneration by stimulating cardiomyocyte proliferation and cardiac angiogenesis. Nat Commun 2022; 13:6371. [PMID: 36289221 PMCID: PMC9606021 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-33734-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Indoleamine 2,3 dioxygenase-1 (IDO1) catalyzes tryptophan-kynurenine metabolism in many inflammatory and cancer diseases. Of note, acute inflammation that occurs immediately after heart injury is essential for neonatal cardiomyocyte proliferation and heart regeneration. However, the IDO1-catalyzed tryptophan metabolism during heart regeneration is largely unexplored. Here, we find that apical neonatal mouse heart resection surgery led to rapid and consistent increases in cardiac IDO1 expression and kynurenine accumulation. Cardiac deletion of Ido1 gene or chemical inhibition of IDO1 impairs heart regeneration. Mechanistically, elevated kynurenine triggers cardiomyocyte proliferation by activating the cytoplasmic aryl hydrocarbon receptor-SRC-YAP/ERK pathway. In addition, cardiomyocyte-derived kynurenine transports to endothelial cells and stimulates cardiac angiogenesis by promoting aryl hydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocation and enhancing vascular endothelial growth factor A expression. Notably, Ahr deletion prevents indoleamine 2,3 dioxygenase -kynurenine-associated heart regeneration. In summary, increasing indoleamine 2,3 dioxygenase-derived kynurenine level promotes cardiac regeneration by functioning as an endogenous regulator of cardiomyocyte proliferation and cardiac angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donghong Zhang
- Center for Molecular and Translational Medicine, Georgia State University, 157 Decatur Street North East, Atlanta, GA, 30303, USA
| | - Jinfeng Ning
- Center for Molecular and Translational Medicine, Georgia State University, 157 Decatur Street North East, Atlanta, GA, 30303, USA
| | - Tharmarajan Ramprasath
- Center for Molecular and Translational Medicine, Georgia State University, 157 Decatur Street North East, Atlanta, GA, 30303, USA
| | - Changjiang Yu
- Center for Molecular and Translational Medicine, Georgia State University, 157 Decatur Street North East, Atlanta, GA, 30303, USA
| | - Xiaoxu Zheng
- Center for Molecular and Translational Medicine, Georgia State University, 157 Decatur Street North East, Atlanta, GA, 30303, USA
| | - Ping Song
- Center for Molecular and Translational Medicine, Georgia State University, 157 Decatur Street North East, Atlanta, GA, 30303, USA
| | - Zhonglin Xie
- Center for Molecular and Translational Medicine, Georgia State University, 157 Decatur Street North East, Atlanta, GA, 30303, USA
| | - Ming-Hui Zou
- Center for Molecular and Translational Medicine, Georgia State University, 157 Decatur Street North East, Atlanta, GA, 30303, USA.
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22
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Gulnaz A, Chang JE, Maeng HJ, Shin KH, Lee KR, Chae YJ. A mechanism-based understanding of altered drug pharmacokinetics by gut microbiota. JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL INVESTIGATION 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s40005-022-00600-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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23
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Mazzari ALDA, Lacerda MG, Milton FA, Mulin Montechiari Machado JA, Sinoti SBP, Toullec AS, Rodrigues PM, Neves FDAR, Simeoni LA, Silveira D, Prieto JM. In vitro effects of European and Latin-American medicinal plants in CYP3A4 gene expression, glutathione levels, and P-glycoprotein activity. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:826395. [PMID: 36278236 PMCID: PMC9579425 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.826395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Many medicinal plants species from European -such as Artemisia absinthium, Equisetum arvense, Lamium album, Malva sylvestris, Morus nigra, Passiflora incarnata, Frangula purshiana, and Salix alba- as well as Latin American traditions -such as Libidibia ferrea, Bidens pilosa, Casearia sylvestris, Costus spicatus, Monteverdia ilicifolia, Persea americana, Schinus terebinthifolia, Solidago chilensis, Syzygium cumini, Handroanthus impetiginosus, and Vernonanthura phosphorica- are shortlisted by the Brazilian National Health System for future clinical use. However, they lack many data on their action upon some key ADME targets. In this study, we assess non-toxic concentrations (up to100 μg/ml) of their infusions for in vitro ability to modulate CYP3A4 mRNA gene expression and intracellular glutathione levels in HepG2 cells, as well as P-glycoprotein (P-gp) activity in vincristine-resistant Caco-2 cells (Caco-2 VCR). We further investigated the activation of human pregnane X receptor (hPXR) in transiently co-transfected HeLa cells and the inhibition of Gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) in HepG2 cells. Our results demonstrate L. ferrea, C. sylvestris, M. ilicifolia, P. americana, S. terebinthifolia, S. cumini, V. phosphorica, E. arvense, P. incarnata, F. purshiana, and S. alba can significantly increase CYP3A4 mRNA gene expression in HepG2 cells. Only F. purshiana shown to do so likely via hPXR activation. P-gp activity was affected by L. ferrea, F. purshiana, S. terebinthifolia, and S. cumini. Total intracellular glutathione levels were significantly depleted by exposure to all extracts except S. alba and S. cumini This was accompanied by a lower GGT activity in the case of C. spicatus, P. americana, S. alba, and S. terebinthifolia, whilst L. ferrea, P. incarnata and F. purshiana increased it. Surprisingly, S. cumini aqueous extract drastically decreased GGT activity (−48%, p < 0.01). In conclusion, this preclinical study shows that the administration of some of these herbal medicines causes in vitro disturbances to key drug metabolism mechanisms. We recommend active pharmacovigilance for Libidibia ferrea (Mart.) L. P. Queiroz, Frangula purshiana Cooper, Schinus terebinthifolia Raddi, and Salix alba L. which were able to alter all targets in our preclinical study.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Flora Aparecida Milton
- Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
- Instituto de Saúde de Nova Friburgo, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | - Francisco de Assis Rocha Neves
- Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
- *Correspondence: Francisco de Assis Rocha Neves, ; Dâmaris Silveira, ; Jose Maria Prieto,
| | | | - Dâmaris Silveira
- Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
- *Correspondence: Francisco de Assis Rocha Neves, ; Dâmaris Silveira, ; Jose Maria Prieto,
| | - Jose Maria Prieto
- School of Pharmacy, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, United Kingdom
- *Correspondence: Francisco de Assis Rocha Neves, ; Dâmaris Silveira, ; Jose Maria Prieto,
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Husain I, Dale OR, Manda V, Ali Z, Gurley BJ, Chittiboyina AG, Khan IA, Khan SI. Bulbine natalensis (currently Bulbine latifolia) and select bulbine knipholones modulate the activity of AhR, CYP1A2, CYP2B6, and P-gp. PLANTA MEDICA 2022; 88:975-984. [PMID: 34359083 DOI: 10.1055/a-1557-2113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Bulbine natalensis, an emerging medicinal herb on the global market with androgenic properties, is often formulated in dietary supplements that promote perceived sexual enhancement. However, to date, comprehensive safety studies of B. natalensis are lacking, particularly those related to its herb-drug interaction potential. The purpose of this study was to assess the inductive and inhibitory effects of extracts and pure compounds of B. natalensis on human cytochrome P-450 isozymes in vitro. Our findings demonstrated that both water and methanolic extracts of B. natalensis as well as knipholone, bulbine-knipholone, and 6'-O-methylknipholone dose-dependently increased mRNA expression encoded by CYP2B6, CYP1A2, and ABCB1 genes. Functional analyses showed that water (60 to 2.20 µg/mL) and methanolic (30 to 3.75 µg/mL) extracts and knipholones (10 to 0.33 µM) increased CYP2B6 and CYP1A2 activity in a dose-dependent manner. Additionally, water extract (60 µg/mL), methanolic extract (30 µg/mL), and knipholone (10 µM) caused activation of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor up to 11.1 ± 0.7, 8.9 ± 0.6, and 7.1 ± 2.0-fold, respectively. Furthermore, inhibition studies revealed that methanolic extract attenuated the activity of metabolically active CYP1A2 (IC50, 22.6 ± 0.4 µg/mL) and CYP2B6 (IC50, 34.2 ± 6.6 µg/mL) proteins, whereas water extracts had no inhibitory effect on either isoform. These findings suggest that chronic consumption of B. natalensis may affect normal homeostasis of select CYPs with subsequent risks for HDIs when concomitantly ingested with conventional medications that are substrates of CYP2B6 and CYP1A2. However, more in-depth translational studies are required to validate our current findings and their clinical relevance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Islam Husain
- National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi, United States
| | - Olivia R Dale
- National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi, United States
| | - Vamshi Manda
- National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi, United States
| | - Zulfiqar Ali
- National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi, United States
| | - Bill J Gurley
- National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi, United States
| | - Amar G Chittiboyina
- National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi, United States
| | - Ikhlas A Khan
- National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi, United States
- Department of BioMolecular Sciences, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi, United States
| | - Shabana I Khan
- National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi, United States
- Department of BioMolecular Sciences, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi, United States
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25
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Bolleddula J, Gopalakrishnan S, Hu P, Dong J, Venkatakrishnan K. Alternatives to rifampicin: A review and perspectives on the choice of strong CYP3A inducers for clinical drug-drug interaction studies. Clin Transl Sci 2022; 15:2075-2095. [PMID: 35722783 PMCID: PMC9468573 DOI: 10.1111/cts.13357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Revised: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
N-Nitrosamine (NA) impurities are considered genotoxic and have gained attention due to the recall of several marketed drug products associated with higher-than-permitted limits of these impurities. Rifampicin is an index inducer of multiple cytochrome P450s (CYPs) including CYP2B6, 2C8, 2C9, 2C19, and 3A4/5 and an inhibitor of OATP1B transporters (single dose). Hence, rifampicin is used extensively in clinical studies to assess drug-drug interactions (DDIs). Despite NA impurities being reported in rifampicin and rifapentine above the acceptable limits, these critical anti-infective drugs are available for therapeutic use considering their benefit-risk profile. Reports of NA impurities in rifampicin products have created uncertainty around using rifampicin in clinical DDI studies, especially in healthy volunteers. Hence, a systematic investigation through a literature search was performed to determine possible alternative index inducer(s) to rifampicin. The available strong CYP3A inducers were selected from the University of Washington DDI Database and their in vivo DDI potential assessed using the data from clinical DDI studies with sensitive CYP3A substrates. To propose potential alternative CYP3A inducers, factors including lack of genotoxic potential, adequate safety, feasibility of multiple dose administration to healthy volunteers, and robust in vivo evidence of induction of CYP3A were considered. Based on the qualifying criteria, carbamazepine, phenytoin, and lumacaftor were identified to be the most promising alternatives to rifampicin for conducting CYP3A induction DDI studies. Strengths and limitations of the proposed alternative CYP3A inducers, the magnitude of in vivo CYP3A induction, appropriate study designs for each alternative inducer, and future perspectives are presented in this paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayaprakasam Bolleddula
- Quantitative PharmacologyEMD Serono Research & Development Institute, Inc.BillericaMassachusettsUSA
| | | | - Ping Hu
- Quantitative PharmacologyEMD Serono Research & Development Institute, Inc.BillericaMassachusettsUSA
| | - Jennifer Dong
- Quantitative PharmacologyEMD Serono Research & Development Institute, Inc.BillericaMassachusettsUSA
| | - Karthik Venkatakrishnan
- Quantitative PharmacologyEMD Serono Research & Development Institute, Inc.BillericaMassachusettsUSA
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Feng X, Shi Y, Ding Y, Zheng H. Inhibitory effects of traditional Chinese medicine colquhounia root tablet on the pharmacokinetics of tacrolimus in rats. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 294:115358. [PMID: 35551976 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.115358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2022] [Revised: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Tacrolimus (TAC) was widely used in various renal diseases while high recurrence rate and high expense restricted its applications. Traditional herbal medicine has become increasingly popular as an adjuvant therapy to minimize the adverse effects of TAC. Colquhounia root tablet (CRT), a prescribed drug prepared from the water extract of the peeled root of Tripterygium hypoglaucum (H. Lév.) Hutch., showed excellent anti-inflammatory, analgesic and immunosuppressive pharmacological properties. TAC used in combination with CRT was substantially more efficacious and safer than the monotherapy for the treatment of nephrotic syndrome. However, studies on their herb-drug interaction were scanty. AIM OF THE STUDY The study was proposed to examine the effect of CRT on the pharmacokinetics of TAC in rats and identify the key natural constituents in CRT that affected the metabolism of TAC. MATERIALS AND METHODS TAC was orally and intravenously administered to rats alone or in combination with CRT and the pharmacokinetic parameters of TAC were compared. After pretreatment with CRT for 15 d, the expressions of the drug-metabolizing enzymes (DMEs), drug transporters (DTs) and nuclear receptors (NRs) were determined by polymerase chain reaction and western blotting and compared with the control group. The hepatic microsomal incubation system was employed to confirm the inhibitory effects of CRT and its major components on rat cytochrome P450 (CYP) 3A2. The roles of the primary components in the regulation of human CYP3A4 and mouse P-gp activities were evaluated by using docking analysis. RESULTS The blood concentrations of TAC were significantly increased in a dose- and pretreatment time-dependent manner after combined administration of CRT. The maximal effect was found at 300 mg/kg (43.70 ± 8.77 ng/mL and 141.45 ± 21.58 h·ng/mL) in a single dose run and the pharmacokinetic parameters gradually returned to the normal levels at 24 h interval of long-term CRT pretreatment. In contrast, CRT had no effect on the pharmacokinetics of intravenous TAC. Further study indicated that the mRNA and protein expressions of DMEs and DTs, such as CYP3A1, CYP3A2, P-glycoprotein (P-gp) and multidrug resistance-associated protein 2 in rat intestine and liver were down-regulated, whereas the expressions of NRs like constitutive androstane receptor and pregnane X receptor were up-regulated after multiple oral doses of CRT. Molecular docking showed the binding potency of five CRT major constituents with both human CYP3A4 and mouse P-gp. Celastrol, wilforgine and wilforine were the strongest inhibitors towards midazolam metabolism in rat liver microsomes, with the 50% inhibition concentrations being at 8.33 μM, 22.18 μM and 22.22 μM, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Our results revealed that co-dosing of CRT could lead to a significant increase in blood concentration of TAC and this effect could be ascribed to the resultant co-regulation of DMEs, DTs and NRs. Our study provided an experimental basis for the combination use of CRT and TAC in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangling Feng
- Department of Pharmacy, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.
| | - Youquan Shi
- Department of Pharmacy, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.
| | - Yufeng Ding
- Department of Pharmacy, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.
| | - Heng Zheng
- Department of Pharmacy, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.
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Liu J, Tan Y, Cheng H, Zhang D, Feng W, Peng C. Functions of Gut Microbiota Metabolites, Current Status and Future Perspectives. Aging Dis 2022; 13:1106-1126. [PMID: 35855347 PMCID: PMC9286904 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2022.0104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 61.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Gut microbiota, a collection of microorganisms that live within gastrointestinal tract, provides crucial signaling metabolites for the physiological of hosts. In healthy state, gut microbiota metabolites are helpful for maintaining the basic functions of hosts, whereas disturbed production of these metabolites can lead to numerous diseases such as metabolic diseases, cardiovascular diseases, gastrointestinal diseases, neurodegenerative diseases, and cancer. Although there are many reviews about the specific mechanisms of gut microbiota metabolites on specific diseases, there is no comprehensive summarization of the functions of these metabolites. In this Opinion, we discuss the knowledge of gut microbiota metabolites including the types of gut microbiota metabolites and their ways acting on targets. In addition, we summarize their physiological and pathologic functions in health and diseases, such as shaping the composition of gut microbiota and acting as nutrition. This paper can be helpful for understanding the roles of gut microbiota metabolites and thus provide guidance for developing suitable therapeutic strategies to combat microbial-driven diseases and improve health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China.
| | - Yuzhu Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China.
| | - Hao Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China.
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Standardization of Chinese Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China.
| | - Dandan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China.
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Standardization of Chinese Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China.
| | - Wuwen Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China.
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Standardization of Chinese Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China.
| | - Cheng Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China.
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Standardization of Chinese Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China.
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Jacobs MN, Kubickova B, Boshoff E. Candidate Proficiency Test Chemicals to Address Industrial Chemical Applicability Domains for in vitro Human Cytochrome P450 Enzyme Induction. FRONTIERS IN TOXICOLOGY 2022; 4:880818. [PMID: 35795225 PMCID: PMC9252529 DOI: 10.3389/ftox.2022.880818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes play a key role in the metabolism of both xenobiotics and endogenous chemicals, and the activity of some CYP isoforms are susceptible to induction and/or inhibition by certain chemicals. As CYP induction/inhibition can bring about significant alterations in the level of in vivo exposure to CYP substrates and metabolites, CYP induction/inhibition data is needed for regulatory chemical toxicity hazard assessment. On the basis of available human in vivo pharmaceutical data, a draft Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development Test Guideline (TG) for an in vitro CYP HepaRG test method that is capable of detecting the induction of four human CYPs (CYP1A1/1A2, 2B6, and 3A4), has been developed and validated for a set of pharmaceutical proficiency chemicals. However to support TG adoption, further validation data was requested to demonstrate the ability of the test method to also accurately detect CYP induction mediated by industrial and pesticidal chemicals, together with an indication on regulatory uses of the test method. As part of "GOLIATH", a European Union Horizon-2020 funded research project on metabolic disrupting chemical testing approaches, work is underway to generate supplemental validated data for an additional set of chemicals with sufficient diversity to allow for the approval of the guideline. Here we report on the process of proficiency chemical selection based on a targeted literature review, the selection criteria and considerations required for acceptance of proficiency chemical selection for OECD TG development (i.e. structural diversity, range of activity, relevant chemical sectors, global restrictions etc). The following 13 proposed proficiency chemicals were reviewed and selected as a suitable set for use in the additional validation experiments: tebuconazole, benfuracarb, atrazine, cypermethrin, chlorpyrifos, perfluorooctanoic acid, bisphenol A, N,N-diethyl-m-toluamide, benzo-[a]-pyrene, fludioxonil, malathion, triclosan, and caffeine. Illustrations of applications of the test method in relation to endocrine disruption and non-genotoxic carcinogenicity are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Naomi Jacobs
- Centre for Radiation, Chemical and Environmental Hazards (CRCE), Department of Toxicology, Public Health England (PHE), Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Chilton, United Kingdom
| | - Barbara Kubickova
- Centre for Radiation, Chemical and Environmental Hazards (CRCE), Department of Toxicology, Public Health England (PHE), Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Chilton, United Kingdom
| | - Eugene Boshoff
- Centre for Radiation, Chemical and Environmental Hazards (CRCE), Department of Toxicology, Public Health England (PHE), Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Chilton, United Kingdom
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Zhang L, Yan J, Liu J, Meng C, Liu F, Xia C. Panaxytriol upregulates CYP3A4 expression based on the interaction of PXR, CAR, HSP90α, and RXRα. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 101:154097. [PMID: 35417848 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2022.154097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Revised: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 04/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4) is one of the most important drug-metabolizing enzymes in the human body, mainly existing in the liver, small intestine, and kidney. Panaxytriol is one of the key active components in red ginseng and Shenmai injection. Our previous study demonstrated that panaxytriol regulates CYP3A4 expression mainly by activating pregnancy X receptor (PXR). At a high concentration of panaxytriol (80 μM), the constitutive androstane receptor (CAR) is also involved in the upregulation of CYP3A4. PURPOSE This study investigated how the cofactors heat shock protein 90 alpha (HSP90α) and retinoid X receptor alpha (RXRα) interact with PXR and CAR to participate in the regulation of CYP3A4 by panaxytriol from the perspective of the PXR and CAR interaction. METHODS The mRNA and protein expressions of PXR, CAR, CYP3A4, RXRα, and HSP90α in HepG2 cells and Huh-7 cells were detected by quantitative PCR and western blot analysis, respectively. The binding levels of PXR and CAR to RXRα and HSP90α were determined by co-immunoprecipitation analysis. The nuclear translocation of PXR and RXRα into HepG2 cells and human (hCAR)-silenced HepG2 cells were measured by immunofluorescence. RESULTS In HepG2 cells and Huh-7 cells, panaxytriol (10-80 μM) upregulated CYP3A4 expression in a concentration-dependent manner by decreasing PXR binding to HSP90α and increasing PXR binding to RXRα. When hCAR was silenced, panaxytriol further enhanced CYP3A4 expression by strengthening PXR binding to RXRα, but it had no significant effect on the binding level of PXR and HSP90α. Additionally, at the high concentration of 80 μM panaxytriol, CAR binding to HSP90α was weakened while binding to RXRα was enhanced. CONCLUSION Panaxytriol can upregulate CYP3A4 expression by promoting PXR dissociation from HSP90α and enhancing PXR binding to RXRα in HepG2 cells and Huh-7 cells. At high concentrations of panaxytriol, CAR also participates in the induction of CYP3A4 through a similar mechanism. However, in general, CAR antagonizes PXR binding to RXRα, thereby attenuating the upregulation of CYP3A4 by panaxytriol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingming Zhang
- Clinical Pharmacology Institute, Nanchang University, Bayi Road 461, Nanchang 330006, PR China
| | - Jingdi Yan
- Clinical Pharmacology Institute, Nanchang University, Bayi Road 461, Nanchang 330006, PR China
| | - Jianming Liu
- Clinical Pharmacology Institute, Nanchang University, Bayi Road 461, Nanchang 330006, PR China
| | - Chao Meng
- Clinical Pharmacology Institute, Nanchang University, Bayi Road 461, Nanchang 330006, PR China
| | - Fanglan Liu
- Clinical Pharmacology Institute, Nanchang University, Bayi Road 461, Nanchang 330006, PR China
| | - Chunhua Xia
- Clinical Pharmacology Institute, Nanchang University, Bayi Road 461, Nanchang 330006, PR China.
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Schönemann AM, Beiras R, Diz AP. Widespread alterations upon exposure to the estrogenic endocrine disruptor ethinyl estradiol in the liver proteome of the marine male fish Cyprinodon variegatus. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2022; 248:106189. [PMID: 35537357 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2022.106189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Revised: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Quantitative proteomic changes in the liver of adult males of Sheepshead minnow (Cyprinodon variegatus) upon exposure to ethinyl estradiol (EE2) were assessed to provide an advanced understanding of the metabolic pathways affected by estrogenic endocrine disruption in marine fish, and to identify potential novel molecular biomarkers for the environmental exposure to estrogens. From a total of 3188 identified protein groups (hereafter proteins), 463 showed a statistically significant difference in their abundance between EE2 treatment and solvent control samples. The most affected biological processes upon EE2 exposure were related to ribosomal biogenesis, protein synthesis and transport of nascent proteins to endoplasmic reticulum, and nuclear mRNA catabolism. Within the group of upregulated proteins, a subset of 14 proteins, involved in egg production (Vitellogenin, Zona Pellucida), peptidase activity (Cathepsine E, peptidase S1, Serine/threonine-protein kinase PRP4 homolog, Isoaspartyl peptidase and Whey acidic protein), and nucleic acid binding (Poly [ADP-ribose] polymerase 14) were significantly upregulated with fold-change values higher than 3. In contrast, Collagen alpha-2, involved in the process of response to steroid hormones, among others, was significantly downregulated (fold change = 0.2). This pattern of alterations in the liver proteome of adult males of C. variegatus can be used to identify promising novel biomarkers for the characterization of exposure of marine fish to estrogens. The Whey acidic protein-like showed the highest upregulation in EE2-exposed individuals (21-fold over controls), suggesting the utility of abundance levels of this protein in male liver as a novel biomarker of xenoestrogen exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre M Schönemann
- Centro de Investigación Mariña da Universidade de Vigo (CIM-UVigo), Vigo, Galicia, Spain; Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Immunology, University of Vigo, Vigo, Spain
| | - Ricardo Beiras
- Centro de Investigación Mariña da Universidade de Vigo (CIM-UVigo), Vigo, Galicia, Spain; Department of Ecology and Animal Biology, University of Vigo, Vigo, Galicia, Spain
| | - Angel P Diz
- Centro de Investigación Mariña da Universidade de Vigo (CIM-UVigo), Vigo, Galicia, Spain; Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Immunology, University of Vigo, Vigo, Spain.
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Burkina V, Zamaratskaia G, Rasmussen MK. Curcumin and quercetin modify warfarin-induced regulation of porcine CYP1A2 and CYP3A expression and activity in vitro. Xenobiotica 2022; 52:435-441. [PMID: 35695287 DOI: 10.1080/00498254.2022.2089932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The anticoagulant drug warfarin is used treat atrial fibrillation. Several cases of drug-drug and drug-food interactions has been reported for warfarin.The aim of the current study, were to investigate the interaction between simultaneous administration of warfarin with the two ubiquitous flavonoids quercetin and curcumin.Using porcine primary hepatocytes we demonstrated that warfarin treatment increased the mRNA and protein expression of CYP3A(29), while no changes in CYP1A2 were observed. Co-treatment with quercetin and/or curcumin decreased the warfarin induced CYP3A protein expression. Moreover, when quercetin and curcumin were co-administrated to warfarin-exposed hepatocytes the protein expression of CYP1A2 were decreased. In hepatic microsomes, curcumin inhibited the activity of both CYP1A2 and CYP3A, while warfarin had no effect. Both quercetin and curcumin decreased the CYP1A2 and CYP3A activity when co-administrated with warfarin.The results clearly demonstrated that quercetin and curcumin can cause food-drug interactions with warfarin, and that the cocktail effect of exposure to more compounds than one can further enhance these interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viktoriia Burkina
- Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Food Science, Uppsala, 750 07 Sweden
| | - Galia Zamaratskaia
- Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Food Science, Uppsala, 750 07 Sweden
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Greenhalgh R, Holding ML, Orr TJ, Henderson JB, Parchman TL, Matocq MD, Shapiro MD, Dearing MD. Trio‐binned genomes of the woodrats
Neotoma bryanti
and
Neotoma lepida
reveal novel gene islands and rapid copy number evolution of xenobiotic metabolizing genes. Mol Ecol Resour 2022; 22:2713-2731. [DOI: 10.1111/1755-0998.13650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Revised: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Robert Greenhalgh
- School of Biological SciencesUniversity of Utah257 South 1400 EastSalt Lake CityUtah84112USA
| | - Matthew L. Holding
- Department of Natural Resources & Environmental ScienceUniversity of Nevada1664 North Virginia StreetRenoNevada89775USA
- Present address: Life Sciences InstituteUniversity of Michigan210 Washtenaw AvenueAnn ArborMichigan48109USA
| | - Teri J. Orr
- School of Biological SciencesUniversity of Utah257 South 1400 EastSalt Lake CityUtah84112USA
- Department of BiologyNew Mexico State University1780 East University AvenueLas CrucesNew Mexico88003USA
| | - James B. Henderson
- Center for Comparative GenomicsCalifornia Academy of Sciences55 Music Concourse DriveSan FranciscoCalifornia94118USA
| | - Thomas L. Parchman
- Department of BiologyUniversity of NevadaReno1664 North Virginia StreetNevada89775USA
| | - Marjorie D. Matocq
- Department of Natural Resources & Environmental ScienceUniversity of Nevada1664 North Virginia StreetRenoNevada89775USA
| | - Michael D. Shapiro
- School of Biological SciencesUniversity of Utah257 South 1400 EastSalt Lake CityUtah84112USA
| | - M. Denise Dearing
- School of Biological SciencesUniversity of Utah257 South 1400 EastSalt Lake CityUtah84112USA
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Brun A, Gutiérrez-Guerrero Y, Magallanes ME, Vidal EC, Karasov WH, Rio CMD. Opportunities lost? Evolutionary causes and ecological consequences of the absence of trehalose digestion in birds. Physiol Biochem Zool 2022; 95:340-349. [DOI: 10.1086/720232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Induction by Phenobarbital of Phase I and II Xenobiotic-Metabolizing Enzymes in Bovine Liver: An Overall Catalytic and Immunochemical Characterization. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23073564. [PMID: 35408925 PMCID: PMC8998613 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23073564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Revised: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
In cattle, phenobarbital (PB) upregulates target drug-metabolizing enzyme (DME) mRNA levels. However, few data about PB's post-transcriptional effects are actually available. This work provides the first, and an almost complete, characterization of PB-dependent changes in DME catalytic activities in bovine liver using common probe substrates and confirmatory immunoblotting investigations. As expected, PB increased the total cytochrome P450 (CYP) content and the extent of metyrapone binding; moreover, an augmentation of protein amounts and related enzyme activities was observed for known PB targets such as CYP2B, 2C, and 3A, but also CYP2E1. However, contradictory results were obtained for CYP1A, while a decreased catalytic activity was observed for flavin-containing monooxygenases 1 and 3. The barbiturate had no effect on the chosen hydrolytic and conjugative DMEs. For the first time, we also measured the 26S proteasome activity, and the increase observed in PB-treated cattle would suggest this post-translational event might contribute to cattle DME regulation. Overall, this study increased the knowledge of cattle hepatic drug metabolism, and further confirmed the presence of species differences in DME expression and activity between cattle, humans, and rodents. This reinforced the need for an extensive characterization and understanding of comparative molecular mechanisms involved in expression, regulation, and function of DMEs.
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Wu YL, Xue YR, Guo ZT, Chen ZD, Ge XY, Zhong DF, Diao XX. Furmonertinib (Alflutinib, AST2818) is a potential positive control drug comparable to rifampin for evaluation of CYP3A4 induction in sandwich-cultured primary human hepatocytes. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2022; 43:747-756. [PMID: 34035488 PMCID: PMC8888569 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-021-00692-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Furmonertinib (Alflutinib, AST2818), as a third-generation epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitor with an advanced efficacy and a relatively wide safety window, has been commercially launched in China recently. However, previous clinical studies demonstrated its time- and dose-dependent clearance in a multiple-dose regimen. In vitro drug metabolism and pharmacokinetic studies have suggested that furmonertinib is mainly metabolized by cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4) and can induce these enzymes via an increased mRNA expression. This study investigated two important evaluation criteria of CYP3A4 induction by furmonertinib through quantitative proteomics and probe metabolite formation: simultaneous (1) protein expression and (2) enzyme activity with sandwich-cultured primary human hepatocytes in the same well of cell culture plates. Results confirmed that furmonertinib was a potent CYP3A4 inducer comparable with rifampin and could be used as a positive model drug in in vitro studies to evaluate the induction potential of other drug candidates in preclinical studies. In addition, inconsistencies were observed between the protein expression and enzyme activities of CYP3A4 in cells induced by rifampin but not in groups treated with furmonertinib. As such, furmonertinib could be an ideal positive control in the evaluation of CYP3A4 induction. The cells treated with 10 µM rifampin expressed 20.16 ± 5.78 pmol/mg total protein, whereas the cells induced with 0.5 µM furmonertinib expressed 4.8 ± 0.66 pmol/mg protein compared with the vehicle (0.1% dimethyl sulfoxide), which contained 0.65 ± 0.45 pmol/mg protein. The fold change in the CYP3A4 enzyme activity in the cells treated with rifampin was 5.22 ± 1.13, which was similar to that of 0.5 µM furmonertinib (3.79 ± 0.52).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-li Wu
- grid.419093.60000 0004 0619 8396State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201210 China ,grid.410726.60000 0004 1797 8419University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049 China
| | - Ya-ru Xue
- grid.419093.60000 0004 0619 8396State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201210 China
| | - Zi-tao Guo
- grid.419093.60000 0004 0619 8396State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201210 China
| | - Zhen-dong Chen
- grid.419093.60000 0004 0619 8396State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201210 China
| | - Xin-yu Ge
- grid.419093.60000 0004 0619 8396State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201210 China
| | - Da-fang Zhong
- grid.419093.60000 0004 0619 8396State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201210 China ,grid.410726.60000 0004 1797 8419University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049 China
| | - Xing-xing Diao
- grid.419093.60000 0004 0619 8396State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201210 China ,grid.410726.60000 0004 1797 8419University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049 China
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Fu H, Tan P, Wang R, Li S, Liu H, Yang Y, Wu Z. Advances in organophosphorus pesticides pollution: Current status and challenges in ecotoxicological, sustainable agriculture, and degradation strategies. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 424:127494. [PMID: 34687999 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.127494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 52.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Organophosphorus pesticides (OPPs) are one of the most widely used types of pesticide that play an important role in the production process due to their effects on preventing pathogen infection and increasing yield. However, in the early development and application of OPPs, their toxicological effects and the issue of environmental pollution were not considered. With the long-term overuse of OPPs, their hazards to the ecological environment (including soil and water) and animal health have attracted increasing attention. Therefore, this review first clarified the classification, characteristics, applications of various OPPs, and the government's restriction requirements on various OPPs. Second, the toxicological effects and metabolic mechanisms of OPPs and their metabolites were introduced in organisms. Finally, the existing methods of degrading OPPs were summarized, and the challenges and further addressing strategy of OPPs in the sustainable development of agriculture, the environment, and ecology were prospected. However, methods to solve the environmental and ecological problems caused by OPPs from the three aspects of use source, use process, and degradation methods were proposed, which provided a theoretical basis for addressing the stability of the ecological environment and improving the structure of the pesticide industry in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiyang Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Peng Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Renjie Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Senlin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Haozhen Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Ying Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Zhenlong Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
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Discrepancy in interactions and conformational dynamics of pregnane X receptor (PXR) bound to an agonist and a novel competitive antagonist. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2022; 20:3004-3018. [PMID: 35782743 PMCID: PMC9218138 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2022.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Revised: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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Zhao Y, Cui LG, Talukder M, Cui JG, Zhang H, Li JL. Lycopene prevents DEHP-induced testicular endoplasmic reticulum stress via regulating nuclear xenobiotic receptors and unfolded protein response in mice. Food Funct 2021; 12:12256-12264. [PMID: 34673871 DOI: 10.1039/d1fo02729h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Lycopene (LYC) is a potent antioxidant synthesized by red vegetables or plants. Di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP) is frequently detected in diverse agricultural environments and considered as a reproductive toxicant. The present research was designed to assess the potential mechanisms of DEHP-induced testicular toxicity and the treatment efficacy of LYC. In this study, after the oral administration of LYC at the dose of 5 mg per kg b.w. per day, mice were given 500 or 1000 mg per kg b.w. per day of DEHP. This research suggested that LYC prevented the DEHP-induced disorder at the levels of activity and content of CYP450 enzymes. LYC attenuated DEHP-caused enhancement in nuclear xenobiotic receptors (NXRs) and the phase I metabolizing enzymes (CYP1, CYP2, CYP3, etc.) levels. Furthermore, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress was induced by DEHP and triggered unfolded protein response (UPR). Interestingly, LYC could effectively ameliorate these "hit". The present study suggested that LYC prevents DEHP-induced ER stress in testis via regulating NXRs and UPRER.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, P. R. China.
| | - Ling-Ge Cui
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, P. R. China.
| | - Milton Talukder
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, P. R. China.
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Patuakhali Science and Technology University, Bangladesh
| | - Jia-Gen Cui
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, P. R. China.
| | - Hao Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, P. R. China.
| | - Jin-Long Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, P. R. China.
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Laboratory Animals and Comparative Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of the Provincial Education Department of Heilongjiang for Common Animal Disease Prevention and Treatment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, P. R. China
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Wagner F, Ruf I, Lehmann T, Hofmann R, Ortmann S, Schiffmann C, Hiller M, Stefen C, Stuckas H. Reconstruction of evolutionary changes in fat and toxin consumption reveals associations with gene losses in mammals: a case study for the lipase inhibitor PNLIPRP1 and the xenobiotic receptor NR1I3. J Evol Biol 2021; 35:225-239. [PMID: 34882899 DOI: 10.1111/jeb.13970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The inactivation of ancestral protein-coding genes (gene loss) can be associated with phenotypic modifications. Within placental mammals, repeated losses of PNLIPRP1 (gene inhibiting fat digestion) occurred preferentially in strictly herbivorous species, while repeated NR1I3 losses (gene involved in detoxification) occurred preferentially in strictly carnivorous species. It was hypothesized that lower fat contents of herbivorous diets and lower toxin contents of carnivorous diets cause relaxed selection pressure on these genes resulting in the accumulation of mutations and ultimately to convergent gene losses. However, since herbivorous and carnivorous diets differ vastly in their composition, a fine-grained analysis is required for hypothesis testing. We generated a trait matrix recording diet and semi-quantitative estimates of fat and toxin consumption for 52 placental species. By including data from 31 fossil taxa, we reconstructed the ancestral diets in major lineages (grundplan reconstruction). We found support that PNLIPRP1 loss is primarily associated with low levels of fat intake and not simply with herbivory/carnivory. In particular, PNLIPRP1 loss also occurred in carnivorous lineages feeding on a fat-poor diet, suggesting that the loss of this gene may be beneficial for occupying ecological niches characterized by fat-poor food resources. Similarly, we demonstrated that carnivorous species are indeed less exposed to diet-related toxins suggesting that the loss of NR1I3 and related genes (NR1I2, UGT1A6) resulted from relaxed selection pressure. This study illustrates the need of detailed phenotype studies to obtain a deeper understanding of factors underlying gene losses and to progress in understanding genomic causes of phenotypic variation in mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Wagner
- Senckenberg, Leibniz Institution for Biodiversity and Earth System Research, Senckenberg Natural History Collections Dresden, Königsbrücker Landstraße 159, 01109, Dresden, Germany
| | - I Ruf
- Senckenberg, Leibniz Institution for Biodiversity and Earth System Research, Senckenberg Research Institute and Natural History Museum Frankfurt, Senckenberganlage 25, 60325, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.,Goethe-University, Department of Geosciences, Altenöferallee 1, 60438, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - T Lehmann
- Senckenberg, Leibniz Institution for Biodiversity and Earth System Research, Senckenberg Research Institute and Natural History Museum Frankfurt, Senckenberganlage 25, 60325, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - R Hofmann
- Senckenberg, Leibniz Institution for Biodiversity and Earth System Research, Senckenberg Research Institute and Natural History Museum Frankfurt, Senckenberganlage 25, 60325, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.,Goethe-University, Department of Geosciences, Altenöferallee 1, 60438, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - S Ortmann
- Leibniz Institut für Zoo- und Wildtierforschung, Abteilung für Evolutionäre Ökologie, Alfred-Kowalke-Straße 17, 10315, Berlin, Germany
| | - C Schiffmann
- Leibniz Institut für Zoo- und Wildtierforschung, Abteilung für Evolutionäre Ökologie, Alfred-Kowalke-Straße 17, 10315, Berlin, Germany
| | - M Hiller
- Senckenberg, Leibniz Institution for Biodiversity and Earth System Research, Senckenberg Research Institute and Natural History Museum Frankfurt, Senckenberganlage 25, 60325, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.,Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Pfotenhauerstr. 108, 01307, Dresden, Germany.,Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Nöthnitzer Str. 38, 01187, Dresden, Germany.,Center for Systems Biology Dresden, Pfotenhauerstr. 108, 01307, Dresden, Germany.,LOEWE Centre for Translational Biodiversity Genomics, Senckenberganlage 25, 60325, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.,Goethe University, Faculty of Biosciences, Max-von-Laue-Str. 9, 60438, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - C Stefen
- Senckenberg, Leibniz Institution for Biodiversity and Earth System Research, Senckenberg Natural History Collections Dresden, Königsbrücker Landstraße 159, 01109, Dresden, Germany
| | - H Stuckas
- Senckenberg, Leibniz Institution for Biodiversity and Earth System Research, Senckenberg Natural History Collections Dresden, Königsbrücker Landstraße 159, 01109, Dresden, Germany
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Smutny T, Bernhauerova V, Smutna L, Tebbens JD, Pavek P. Expression dynamics of pregnane X receptor-controlled genes in 3D primary human hepatocyte spheroids. Arch Toxicol 2021; 96:195-210. [PMID: 34689256 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-021-03177-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The pregnane X receptor (PXR) is a ligand-activated nuclear receptor controlling hepatocyte expression of numerous genes. Although expression changes in xenobiotic-metabolizing, lipogenic, gluconeogenic and bile acid synthetic genes have been described after PXR activation, the temporal dynamics of their expression is largely unknown. Recently, 3D spheroids of primary human hepatocytes (PHHs) have been characterized as the most phenotypically relevant hepatocyte model. We used 3D PHHs to assess time-dependent expression profiles of 12 prototypic PXR-controlled genes in the time course of 168 h of rifampicin treatment (1 or 10 µM). We observed a similar bell-shaped time-induction pattern for xenobiotic-handling genes (CYP3A4, CYP2C9, CYP2B6, and MDR1). However, we observed either biphasic profiles for genes involved in endogenous metabolism (FASN, GLUT2, G6PC, PCK1, and CYP7A1), a decrease for SHP or oscillation for PDK4 and PXR. The rifampicin concentration determined the expression profiles for some genes. Moreover, we calculated half-lives of CYP3A4 and CYP2C9 mRNA under induced or basal conditions and we used a mathematical model to describe PXR-mediated regulation of CYP3A4 expression employing 3D PHHs. The study shows the importance of long-term time-expression profiling of PXR target genes in phenotypically stable 3D PHHs and provides insight into PXR function in liver beyond our knowledge from conventional 2D in vitro models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomas Smutny
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, Akademika Heyrovskeho 1203, Hradec Kralove, 500 05, Czech Republic.
| | - Veronika Bernhauerova
- Department of Biophysics and Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, Akademika Heyrovskeho 1203, Hradec Kralove, 500 05, Czech Republic
| | - Lucie Smutna
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, Akademika Heyrovskeho 1203, Hradec Kralove, 500 05, Czech Republic
| | - Jurjen Duintjer Tebbens
- Department of Biophysics and Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, Akademika Heyrovskeho 1203, Hradec Kralove, 500 05, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Pavek
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, Akademika Heyrovskeho 1203, Hradec Kralove, 500 05, Czech Republic
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41
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Molecular Mechanisms of the SLC13A5 Gene Transcription. Metabolites 2021; 11:metabo11100706. [PMID: 34677420 PMCID: PMC8537064 DOI: 10.3390/metabo11100706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Revised: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Citrate is a crucial energy sensor that plays a central role in cellular metabolic homeostasis. The solute carrier family 13 member 5 (SLC13A5), a sodium-coupled citrate transporter highly expressed in the mammalian liver with relatively low levels in the testis and brain, imports citrate from extracellular spaces into the cells. The perturbation of SLC13A5 expression and/or activity is associated with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, obesity, insulin resistance, cell proliferation, and early infantile epileptic encephalopathy. SLC13A5 has been proposed as a promising therapeutic target for the treatment of these metabolic disorders. In the liver, the inductive expression of SLC13A5 has been linked to several xenobiotic receptors such as the pregnane X receptor and the aryl hydrocarbon receptor as well as certain hormonal and nutritional stimuli. Nevertheless, in comparison to the heightened interest in understanding the biological function and clinical relevance of SLC13A5, studies focusing on the regulatory mechanisms of SLC13A5 expression are relatively limited. In this review, we discuss the current advances in our understanding of the molecular mechanisms by which the expression of SLC13A5 is regulated. We expect this review will provide greater insights into the regulation of the SLC13A5 gene transcription and the signaling pathways involved therein.
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Fricke-Galindo I, Jung-Cook H, Martínez-Juárez IE, Monroy-Jaramillo N, Ortega-Vázquez A, Rojas-Tomé IS, Dorado P, Peñas-Lledó E, Llerena A, López-López M. Relevance of NR1I2 variants on carbamazepine therapy in Mexican Mestizos with epilepsy at a tertiary-care hospital. Pharmacogenomics 2021; 22:983-996. [PMID: 34612084 DOI: 10.2217/pgs-2021-0081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: We evaluated the potential influence of genetic (CYP3A5, EPHX1, NR1I2, HNF4A, ABCC2, RALBP1, SCN1A, SCN2A and GABRA1) and nongenetic factors on carbamazepine (CBZ) response, adverse drug reactions and CBZ plasma concentrations in 126 Mexican Mestizos (MM) with epilepsy. Subjects & methods: Patients were genotyped for 27 variants using TaqMan® assays. Results: CBZ response was associated with NR1I2 variants and lamotrigine cotreatment. CBZ-induced adverse drug reactions were related to antiepileptic polytherapy and SCN1A rs2298771/rs3812718 haplotype. CBZ plasma concentrations were influenced by NR1I2-rs2276707 and -rs3814058, and by phenytoin cotreatment. CBZ daily dose was also influenced by NR1I2-rs3814055 and EPHX1-rs1051740. Conclusion: Interindividual variability in CBZ treatment was partly explained by NR1I2, EPHX1 and SCN1A variants, as well as antiepileptic cotreatment in MM with epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingrid Fricke-Galindo
- Metropolitan Autonomous University, Campus Xochimilco, Calzada del Hueso 1100, Villa Quietud, 04960, Coyoacán, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Helgi Jung-Cook
- National Institute of Neurology & Neurosurgery, Manuel Velasco Suárez, Insurgentes Sur 3877, La Fama, 14269, Tlalpan, Mexico City, Mexico.,National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico, Av. Universidad 3000, C.U., 04510, Coyoacán, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Iris E Martínez-Juárez
- National Institute of Neurology & Neurosurgery, Manuel Velasco Suárez, Insurgentes Sur 3877, La Fama, 14269, Tlalpan, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Nancy Monroy-Jaramillo
- National Institute of Neurology & Neurosurgery, Manuel Velasco Suárez, Insurgentes Sur 3877, La Fama, 14269, Tlalpan, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Alberto Ortega-Vázquez
- Metropolitan Autonomous University, Campus Xochimilco, Calzada del Hueso 1100, Villa Quietud, 04960, Coyoacán, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Irma S Rojas-Tomé
- National Institute of Neurology & Neurosurgery, Manuel Velasco Suárez, Insurgentes Sur 3877, La Fama, 14269, Tlalpan, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Pedro Dorado
- Biosanitary Research Institute, INUBE Extremadura University, Avda. de Elvas, Badajoz, 06006, Spain.,Department of Medical-Surgery Therapeutics, University of Extremadura, Avda. Virgen del Puerto, Plasencia, 10600, Spain
| | - Eva Peñas-Lledó
- Biosanitary Research Institute, INUBE Extremadura University, Avda. de Elvas, Badajoz, 06006, Spain.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Extremadura, Av. de Elvas, s/n, Badajoz, 06006, Spain
| | - Adrián Llerena
- Biosanitary Research Institute, INUBE Extremadura University, Avda. de Elvas, Badajoz, 06006, Spain.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Extremadura, Av. de Elvas, s/n, Badajoz, 06006, Spain.,CICAB Clinical Research Center, Extremadura University Hospital, Campus Universitario, Av. de Elvas, s/n, Badajoz, 06080, Spain
| | - Marisol López-López
- Metropolitan Autonomous University, Campus Xochimilco, Calzada del Hueso 1100, Villa Quietud, 04960, Coyoacán, Mexico City, Mexico
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43
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Oesch F, Fruth D, Hengstler JG, Fabian E, Berger FI, Landsiedel R. Enigmatic mechanism of the N-vinylpyrrolidone hepatocarcinogenicity in the rat. Arch Toxicol 2021; 95:3717-3744. [PMID: 34595563 PMCID: PMC8536644 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-021-03151-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
N-vinyl pyrrolidone (NVP) is produced up to several thousand tons per year as starting material for the production of polymers to be used in pharmaceutics, cosmetics and food technology. Upon inhalation NVP was carcinogenic in the rat, liver tumor formation is starting already at the rather low concentration of 5 ppm. Hence, differentiation whether NVP is a genotoxic carcinogen (presumed to generally have no dose threshold for the carcinogenic activity) or a non-genotoxic carcinogen (with a potentially definable threshold) is highly important. In the present study, therefore, the existing genotoxicity investigations on NVP (all showing consistently negative results) were extended and complemented with investigations on possible alternative mechanisms, which also all proved negative. All tests were performed in the same species (rat) using the same route of exposure (inhalation) and the same doses of NVP (5, 10 and 20 ppm) as had been used in the positive carcinogenicity test. Specifically, the tests included an ex vivo Comet assay (so far not available) and an ex vivo micronucleus test (in contrast to the already available micronucleus test in mice here in the same species and by the same route of application as in the bioassay which had shown the carcinogenicity), tests on oxidative stress (non-protein-bound sulfhydryls and glutathione recycling test), mechanisms mediated by hepatic receptors, the activation of which had been shown earlier to lead to carcinogenicity in some instances (Ah receptor, CAR, PXR, PPARα). No indications were obtained for any of the investigated mechanisms to be responsible for or to contribute to the observed carcinogenicity of NVP. The most important of these exclusions is genotoxicity. Thus, NVP can rightfully be regarded and treated as a non-genotoxic carcinogen and threshold approaches to the assessment of this chemical are supported. However, the mechanism underlying the carcinogenicity of NVP in rats remains unclear.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franz Oesch
- Oesch-Tox Toxicological Consulting and Expert Opinions GmbH&CoKG, Rheinblick 21, 55263, Ingelheim, Germany.,Institute of Toxicology, Johannes Gutenberg University, 55131, Mainz, Germany
| | - Daniela Fruth
- Experimental Toxicology and Ecology, BASF SE, 67056, Ludwigshafen am Rhein, Germany.,Knoell Germany GmbH, Eastsite XII, Konrad-Zuse-Ring 25, 68163, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Jan G Hengstler
- Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors (IfADo), University of Dortmund, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Eric Fabian
- Experimental Toxicology and Ecology, BASF SE, 67056, Ludwigshafen am Rhein, Germany
| | - Franz Ingo Berger
- Regulatory Toxicology Chemicals, BASF SE, 67056, Ludwigshafen am Rhein, Germany
| | - Robert Landsiedel
- Experimental Toxicology and Ecology, BASF SE, 67056, Ludwigshafen am Rhein, Germany.
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Takemoto S, Nakano M, Fukami T, Nakajima M. m 6A modification impacts hepatic drug and lipid metabolism properties by regulating carboxylesterase 2. Biochem Pharmacol 2021; 193:114766. [PMID: 34536357 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2021.114766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Methylation of adenosine at the N6 position to form N6-methyladenosine (m6A) is the most prevalent epitranscriptomic modification of mammalian mRNA. This modification is catalyzed by a methyltransferase-like 3 (METTL3)-METTL14 complex and is erased by demethylases such as fat mass and obesity-associated protein (FTO) or AlkB homolog 5 (ALKBH5). m6A modification regulates mRNA stability, nuclear export, splicing, and/or protein translation via recognition by reader proteins such as members of YT521-B homology (YTH) family. Carboxylesterase 2 (CES2) is a serine esterase responsible for the hydrolysis of drugs and endogenous substrates, such as triglycerides and diacylglycerides. Here, we examined the potential regulation of human CES2 expression by m6A modification. CES2 mRNA level was significantly increased by double knockdown of METTL3 and METTL14 but was decreased by knockdown of FTO or ALKBH5 in HepaRG and HepG2 cells, leading to changes in its protein level and hydrolase activity for 7-ethyl-10-[4-(1-piperidino)-1-piperidino]carbonyloxycamptothecin (CPT-11), suggesting that m6A modification negatively regulates CES2 expression. Consistent with the changes in CES2 expression, lipid accumulation in the cells was decreased by double knockdown of METTL3 and METTL14 but was increased by knockdown of FTO or ALKBH5. RNA immunoprecipitation assays using an anti-m6A antibody showed that adenosines in the 5'-untranslated region (UTR) and the last exon of CES2 are methylated. Luciferase assays revealed that YTHDC2, which degrades m6A-containing mRNA, downregulates CES2 expression by recognition of m6A in the 5'-UTR of CES2. Collectively, we demonstrated that m6A modification has a great impact on the regulation of CES2, affecting pharmacokinetics, drug response and lipid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seiya Takemoto
- DrugMetabolism and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
| | - Masataka Nakano
- DrugMetabolism and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan; WPINano Life Science Institute (WPI-NanoLSI), Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
| | - Tatsuki Fukami
- DrugMetabolism and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan; WPINano Life Science Institute (WPI-NanoLSI), Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
| | - Miki Nakajima
- DrugMetabolism and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan; WPINano Life Science Institute (WPI-NanoLSI), Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
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Drug-Exposome Interactions: The Next Frontier in Precision Medicine. Trends Pharmacol Sci 2021; 41:994-1005. [PMID: 33186555 DOI: 10.1016/j.tips.2020.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Revised: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Drug-drug interactions are a known concern during medical treatment. However, in addition to therapeutic drugs, humans are exposed to thousands of environment- and food-related chemicals on a daily basis. The exposome (i.e.,the total measure of environmental factors on the human body) is an emerging concept in the field of environmental health. Many chemicals have the potential to interact with drugs and subsequently influence health outcomes. To date, this concept has not been systematicallyinvestigated. Nevertheless, adverse effects have been observed betweenenvironmental, dietary, and microbiome-derived xenobiotics and a number of drugs, including chemotherapeutics. Recent technological advances in mass spectrometry-based metabolomics and the establishment of omic-scale exposure assessment will enable a broader and systemic investigation of these interactions. As a complement to pharmacogenomics and pharmacometabolomics, research ondrug-exposome interactions holds immense potential to elevate precision medicineto an unprecedented level.
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46
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Shiohira H, Fukunaga K, Tayag JCS, Tamashiro Y, Mushiroda T, Nakamura K. Effect of 5-fluorouracil on mRNA expression of drug metabolizing enzyme and transporter genes in human hepatoma cell lines. Biomed Res 2021; 42:121-127. [PMID: 34380920 DOI: 10.2220/biomedres.42.121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Fluoropyrimidines such as 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) are well known to have drug-drug interactions with anticoagulant medications such as warfarin. This study investigated the mRNA expression of pharmacokinetic (PK)-related genes in response to 5-FU using the hepatocarcinoma cell lines after examining relevant gene expression via RNA sequencing. We used HepaRG cells for 5-FU treatment analysis because these cells displayed PK-related gene expression. 5-FU exposure significantly reduced cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4) mRNA expression. Additionally, the mRNA expression of nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group I member 2 (also known as pregnane X receptor), a nuclear receptor transcription factor that promotes the expression of many CYP genes, was also decreased in HepaRG cells following 5-FU treatment. The mRNA expressions of the CYP2B6 and ATP-binding cassette transporter genes were decreased after 5-FU treatment. This study revealed that 5-FU treatment reduced PK-related gene expression in HepaRG cells. These findings should be useful for further drug-drug interaction research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideo Shiohira
- Department of Pharmacy, University of the Ryukyus Hospital
| | - Koya Fukunaga
- Laboratory for Pharmacogenomics, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences
| | - Jose Carlos S Tayag
- Department of Pharmacotherapeutics, University of the Ryukyus, Graduate School of Medicine
| | | | - Taisei Mushiroda
- Laboratory for Pharmacogenomics, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences
| | - Katsunori Nakamura
- Department of Pharmacy, University of the Ryukyus Hospital.,Department of Pharmacotherapeutics, University of the Ryukyus, Graduate School of Medicine
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47
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Danek PJ, Kuban W, Daniel WA. The Effect of Chronic Iloperidone Treatment on Cytochrome P450 Expression and Activity in the Rat Liver: Involvement of Neuroendocrine Mechanisms. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22168447. [PMID: 34445153 PMCID: PMC8395164 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22168447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Revised: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In order to achieve a desired therapeutic effect in schizophrenia patients and to maintain their mental wellbeing, pharmacological therapy needs to be continued for a long time, usually from the onset of symptoms and for the rest of the patients' lives. The aim of our present research is to find out the in vivo effect of chronic treatment with atypical neuroleptic iloperidone on the expression and activity of cytochrome P450 (CYP) in rat liver. Male Wistar rats received a once-daily intraperitoneal injection of iloperidone (1 mg/kg) for a period of two weeks. Twenty-four hours after the last dose, livers were excised to study cytochrome P450 expression (mRNA and protein) and activity, pituitaries were isolated to determine growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH), and blood was collected for measuring serum concentrations of hormones and interleukin. The results showed a broad spectrum of changes in the expression and activity of liver CYP enzymes, which are important for drug metabolism (CYP1A, CYP2B, CYP2C, and CYP3A) and xenobiotic toxicity (CYP2E1). Iloperidone decreased the expression and activity of CYP1A2, CP2B1/2, CYP2C11, and CYP3A1/2 enzymes but increased that of CYP2E1. The CYP2C6 enzyme remained unchanged. At the same time, the level of GHRH, GH, and corticosterone decreased while that of T3 increased, with no changes in IL-2 and IL-6. The presented results indicate neuroendocrine regulation of the investigated CYP enzymes during chronic iloperidone treatment and suggest a possibility of pharmacokinetic/metabolic interactions produced by the neuroleptic during prolonged combined treatment with drugs that are substrates of iloperidone-affected CYP enzymes.
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48
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Wang P, Chen Y, Zhang LM, Yuan SQ, Lu SA, Zhang YJ. Effect of MicroRNA145 on the multidrug resistance gene of ulcerative colitis in rats. Life Sci 2021; 278:119603. [PMID: 33984358 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.119603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2021] [Revised: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Multidrug resistance gene (MDR1a) and P-glycoprotein (P-gp) play an important role in the development of ulcerative colitis (UC) and influence the therapeutic effect of glucocorticoids, which may lead to drug resistance mechanically. UC may be related to miR-145 to some extent, and the relationship still needs further exploration. In this study we found that the expression of miR-145 was downregulated in the colonic tissues of rats with Dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced UC. Also, the expression of MDR1a in colon tissues of each group negatively correlated with the expression of miR-145 in rats. The change in the plasma peak concentration (Cmax) in each group positively related to the miR-145 level. Mechanistically, miR-145 negatively regulated the expression and function of P-gp via acting directly on the 3'-UTR of MDR1 mRNA. Overall, these results indicated that miR-145 had a protective effect on the colorectal mucosa, and its downregulation may enhance the expression and function of MDR1a and P-gp, promoting the occurrence and development of UC. The downregulation of miR-145 reduced the drug sensitivity of 5-aminosalicylic acid (5-ASA) and glucocorticoids in treating UC, indicating that miR-145 might be a potential therapeutic target for UC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Wang
- Department of Public Health, School of Medicine, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471003, Henan, China
| | - Yan Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, and College of Clinical Medicine of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471003, Henan, China.
| | - La-Mei Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, and College of Clinical Medicine of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471003, Henan, China
| | - Si-Qi Yuan
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, and College of Clinical Medicine of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471003, Henan, China
| | - Shen-Ao Lu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, and College of Clinical Medicine of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471003, Henan, China
| | - Ying-Jian Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, and College of Clinical Medicine of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471003, Henan, China.
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El-Ghiaty MA, El-Kadi AO. Arsenic: Various species with different effects on cytochrome P450 regulation in humans. EXCLI JOURNAL 2021; 20:1184-1242. [PMID: 34512225 PMCID: PMC8419240 DOI: 10.17179/excli2021-3890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Arsenic is well-recognized as one of the most hazardous elements which is characterized by its omnipresence throughout the environment in various chemical forms. From the simple inorganic arsenite (iAsIII) and arsenate (iAsV) molecules, a multitude of more complex organic species are biologically produced through a process of metabolic transformation with biomethylation being the core of this process. Because of their differential toxicity, speciation of arsenic-based compounds is necessary for assessing health risks posed by exposure to individual species or co-exposure to several species. In this regard, exposure assessment is another pivotal factor that includes identification of the potential sources as well as routes of exposure. Identification of arsenic impact on different physiological organ systems, through understanding its behavior in the human body that leads to homeostatic derangements, is the key for developing strategies to mitigate its toxicity. Metabolic machinery is one of the sophisticated body systems targeted by arsenic. The prominent role of cytochrome P450 enzymes (CYPs) in the metabolism of both endobiotics and xenobiotics necessitates paying a great deal of attention to the possible effects of arsenic compounds on this superfamily of enzymes. Here we highlight the toxicologically relevant arsenic species with a detailed description of the different environmental sources as well as the possible routes of human exposure to these species. We also summarize the reported findings of experimental investigations evaluating the influence of various arsenicals on different members of CYP superfamily using human-based models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud A. El-Ghiaty
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Ayman O.S. El-Kadi
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
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50
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Mohammadi H, Ashari S. Mechanistic insight into toxicity of phthalates, the involved receptors, and the role of Nrf2, NF-κB, and PI3K/AKT signaling pathways. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:35488-35527. [PMID: 34024001 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-14466-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The wide use of phthalates, as phthalates are used in the manufacturing of not only plastics but also many others goods, has become a main concern in the current century because of their potency to induce deleterious effects on organism health. The toxic effects of phthalates such as reproductive toxicity, cardiotoxicity, hepatotoxicity, nephrotoxicity, teratogenicity, and tumor development have been widely indicated by previous experimental studies. Some of the important mechanisms of toxicity by phthalates are the induction and promotion of inflammation, oxidative stress, and apoptosis. Awareness of the involved molecular pathways of these mechanisms will permit the detection of exact molecular targets of phthalates to protect or treat their toxicity. Up to now, various transcription factors and signaling pathways have been associated with phthalate-induced toxicity which by influencing on nuclear surface and the expression of different genes can alter cell hemostasis. In different studies, the role of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), and phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT signaling pathways in processes of oxidative stress, inflammation, apoptosis, and cancer has been shown following exposure to phthalates. In the present review, we aim to survey experimental studies (in vitro and in vivo) in order to show firstly the most involved receptors and also the importance and the role of the mentioned signaling pathways in phthalate-induced toxicity, and with considering this point, the future studies can focus on these molecular targets as a strategic method to reduce environmental chemicals-induced toxicity especially phthalates toxic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamidreza Mohammadi
- Pharmaceutical Science Research Center, Hemoglobinopathy Institute, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
- Department of Toxicology/Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Sorour Ashari
- Department of Toxicology/Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.
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