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Mirzapour-Kouhdasht A, Garcia-Vaquero M, Huang JY. Algae-derived compounds: Bioactivity, allergenicity and technologies enhancing their values. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2024; 406:130963. [PMID: 38876282 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2024.130963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2024] [Revised: 06/02/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/16/2024]
Abstract
As a rapidly growing source of human nutrients, algae biosynthesize diverse metabolites which have promising bioactivities. However, the potential allergenicity of algal components hinder their widespread adoption. This review provides a comprehensive review of various macro and micronutrients derived from algal biomass, with particular focus on bioactive compounds, including peptides, polyphenols, carotenoids, omega-3 fatty acids and phycocyanins. The approaches used to produce algal bioactive compounds and their health benefits (antioxidant, antidiabetic, cardioprotective, anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory) are summarised. This review particularly focuses on the state-of-the-art of precision fermentation, encapsulation, cold plasma, high-pressure processing, pulsed electric field, and subcritical water to reduce the allergenicity of algal compounds while increasing their bioactivity and bioavailability. By providing insights into current challenges of algae-derived compounds and opportunities for advancement, this review contributes to the ongoing discourse on maximizing their application potential in the food nutraceuticals, and pharmaceuticals industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Armin Mirzapour-Kouhdasht
- Department of Chemical Sciences, SSPC, Science Foundation Ireland Research Centre for Pharmaceuticals, Bernal Institute, University of Limerick, Castletroy, Limerick, V94 T9PX, Ireland
| | - Marco Garcia-Vaquero
- School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, D04V1W8 Dublin, Ireland
| | - Jen-Yi Huang
- Department of Food Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA; Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA; Environmental and Ecological Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.
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2
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León-González R, Ortolá R, Carballo-Casla A, Sotos-Prieto M, Buño-Soto A, Rodríguez-Sánchez I, Pastor-Barriuso R, Rodríguez-Artalejo F, García-Esquinas E. Growth Differentiation Factor 15 as a Biomarker of Cardiovascular Risk in Chronic Musculoskeletal Pain. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2024; 79:glae163. [PMID: 38975684 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glae163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/09/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND It is unknown whether growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF-15) is associated with chronic musculoskeletal pain (CMP) and whether or not its association with incident cardiovascular disease (CVD) changes according to CMP status. METHODS In total, 1 957 randomly selected adults aged ≥65 years without prior CVD were followed up between 2015 and 2023. CMP was classified according to its intensity, frequency, and interference with daily activities. The association between GDF-15 levels and CMP was assessed using linear models with progressive inclusion of potential confounders, whereas the association between GDF-15 and CVD risk was evaluated with Cox proportional hazard models with similar adjustment and interaction terms between GDF-15 and CMP. The incremental predictive performance of GDF-15 over standard predictors was evaluated using discrimination and risk reclassification metrics. RESULTS GDF-15 concentrations were 6.90% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.56; 11.25) higher in individuals with CMP, and up to 8.89% (4.07; 15.71) and 15.79% (8.43; 23.16) higher in those with ≥3 CMP locations and interfering pain. These increased levels were influenced by a higher prevalence of cardiometabolic risk factors, functional impairments, depressive symptoms, and greater levels of inflammation in individuals with CMP. In fully adjusted models, a twofold increase in GDF-15 was associated with a 1.49 increased risk (95% CI: 1.08; 2.05) of a CVD event in individuals with CMP, but not among those without CMP (1.02 [0.77; 1.35]); p-interaction 0.041. Adding GDF-15 to models including the Framingham Risk Score improved predictive performance among individuals with CMP. CONCLUSIONS We provide evidence that GDF-15 could serve as a biomarker to assess CMP, as well as to predict CVD incidence in individuals with CMP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rocío León-González
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, School of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rosario Ortolá
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, School of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- CIBER of Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Adrián Carballo-Casla
- CIBER of Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Neurobiology, Aging Research Center, Care Sciences and Society Karolinska Institutet & Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mercedes Sotos-Prieto
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, School of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Environmental Health and Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Antonio Buño-Soto
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, La Paz University Hospital-IdiPaz, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Roberto Pastor-Barriuso
- CIBER of Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
- National Center for Epidemiology, Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid, Spain
| | - Fernando Rodríguez-Artalejo
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, School of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- IMDEA Food Institute, CEI UAM+CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Esther García-Esquinas
- CIBER of Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
- National Center for Epidemiology, Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid, Spain
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3
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Nuszkiewicz J, Kukulska-Pawluczuk B, Piec K, Jarek DJ, Motolko K, Szewczyk-Golec K, Woźniak A. Intersecting Pathways: The Role of Metabolic Dysregulation, Gastrointestinal Microbiome, and Inflammation in Acute Ischemic Stroke Pathogenesis and Outcomes. J Clin Med 2024; 13:4258. [PMID: 39064298 PMCID: PMC11278353 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13144258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2024] [Revised: 07/13/2024] [Accepted: 07/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Acute ischemic stroke (AIS) remains a major cause of mortality and long-term disability worldwide, driven by complex and multifaceted etiological factors. Metabolic dysregulation, gastrointestinal microbiome alterations, and systemic inflammation are emerging as significant contributors to AIS pathogenesis. This review addresses the critical need to understand how these factors interact to influence AIS risk and outcomes. We aim to elucidate the roles of dysregulated adipokines in obesity, the impact of gut microbiota disruptions, and the neuroinflammatory cascade initiated by lipopolysaccharides (LPS) in AIS. Dysregulated adipokines in obesity exacerbate inflammatory responses, increasing AIS risk and severity. Disruptions in the gut microbiota and subsequent LPS-induced neuroinflammation further link systemic inflammation to AIS. Advances in neuroimaging and biomarker development have improved diagnostic precision. Here, we highlight the need for a multifaceted approach to AIS management, integrating metabolic, microbiota, and inflammatory insights. Potential therapeutic strategies targeting these pathways could significantly improve AIS prevention and treatment. Future research should focus on further elucidating these pathways and developing targeted interventions to mitigate the impacts of metabolic dysregulation, microbiome imbalances, and inflammation on AIS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jarosław Nuszkiewicz
- Department of Medical Biology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, 24 Karłowicza St., 85-092 Bydgoszcz, Poland;
| | - Beata Kukulska-Pawluczuk
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, 9 M. Skłodowskiej—Curie St., 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland; (B.K.-P.); (K.P.)
| | - Katarzyna Piec
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, 9 M. Skłodowskiej—Curie St., 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland; (B.K.-P.); (K.P.)
| | - Dorian Julian Jarek
- Student Research Club of Medical Biology and Biochemistry, Department of Medical Biology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, 24 Karłowicza St., 85-092 Bydgoszcz, Poland;
| | - Karina Motolko
- Student Research Club of Neurology, Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, 9 M. Skłodowskiej—Curie St., 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland;
| | - Karolina Szewczyk-Golec
- Department of Medical Biology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, 24 Karłowicza St., 85-092 Bydgoszcz, Poland;
| | - Alina Woźniak
- Department of Medical Biology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, 24 Karłowicza St., 85-092 Bydgoszcz, Poland;
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4
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Diao W, Zhou C, Zhang Z, Cao Y, Li Y, Tang J, Liu G. EGaIn-Modified ePADs for Simultaneous Detection of Homocysteine and C-Reactive Protein in Saliva toward Early Diagnosis of Cardiovascular Disease. ACS Sens 2024. [PMID: 39031767 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.4c01306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/22/2024]
Abstract
Homocysteine (Hcy) and C-reactive protein (CRP) are critical biomarkers for numerous chronic diseases, with cardiovascular disease (CVD) being the most prevalent. The ability to simultaneously detect both biomarkers in point-of-care settings is in high demand for CVD early diagnosis and prevention. Herein, we prepared the eutectic gallium indium (EGaIn) nanoparticles decorated with p-phenylenediamine (PPD) on the surface to facilitate the subsequent attachment of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) to achieve EGaIn-PPD@Au, which was modified on the screen-printed electrochemical paper-based analytical devices (ePADs). Aptamers that are specific to Hcy and CRP were then immobilized on the EGaIn-PPD@Au surface to achieve the sensing interface on ePADs. The presence of EGaIn-PPD@Au significantly enhanced the electrical conductivity, leading to amplified electrochemical signals. This aptasensor demonstrated high specificity, capable of detecting Hcy in a range of 1-50 μM with a detection limit of 0.22 μM, and the detection range for CRP was 1-100 ng/mL with a detection limit of 0.039 ng/mL. The aptasensor also effectively detected Hcy and CRP in clinical saliva samples, yielding an area under the curve (AUC) of about 0.80 when the individual biomarker was considered and 0.93 when both biomarkers were taken into account. The positive correlation observed between salivary and blood concentrations of Hcy and CRP, coupled with their association with cardiovascular disease (CVD), suggested the potential of this methodology as a noninvasive point-of-care strategy for the early diagnosis of CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weize Diao
- Integrated Devices and Intelligent Diagnosis (ID2) Laboratory, CUHK(SZ)-Boyalife Regenerative Medicine Engineering Joint Laboratory, Biomedical Engineering Programme, School of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen 518172, China
- Ciechanover Institute of Precision and Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen 518172, China
| | - Chuangxin Zhou
- Integrated Devices and Intelligent Diagnosis (ID2) Laboratory, CUHK(SZ)-Boyalife Regenerative Medicine Engineering Joint Laboratory, Biomedical Engineering Programme, School of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen 518172, China
- Ciechanover Institute of Precision and Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen 518172, China
| | - Zhiheng Zhang
- Integrated Devices and Intelligent Diagnosis (ID2) Laboratory, CUHK(SZ)-Boyalife Regenerative Medicine Engineering Joint Laboratory, Biomedical Engineering Programme, School of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen 518172, China
- Ciechanover Institute of Precision and Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen 518172, China
| | - Yifan Cao
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China
- Key Laboratory of Cardiac Injury and Repair of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China
- Henan Province Clinical Research Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China
| | - Yuxin Li
- Integrated Devices and Intelligent Diagnosis (ID2) Laboratory, CUHK(SZ)-Boyalife Regenerative Medicine Engineering Joint Laboratory, Biomedical Engineering Programme, School of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen 518172, China
- Ciechanover Institute of Precision and Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen 518172, China
| | - Junnan Tang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China
- Key Laboratory of Cardiac Injury and Repair of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China
- Henan Province Clinical Research Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China
| | - Guozhen Liu
- Integrated Devices and Intelligent Diagnosis (ID2) Laboratory, CUHK(SZ)-Boyalife Regenerative Medicine Engineering Joint Laboratory, Biomedical Engineering Programme, School of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen 518172, China
- Ciechanover Institute of Precision and Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen 518172, China
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5
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Wang S, Fang R, Huang L, Zhou L, Liu H, Cai M, Sha’aban A, Yu C, Akkaif MA. Acupuncture in Traditional Chinese Medicine: A Complementary Approach for Cardiovascular Health. J Multidiscip Healthc 2024; 17:3459-3473. [PMID: 39050695 PMCID: PMC11268752 DOI: 10.2147/jmdh.s476319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2024] [Accepted: 06/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are increasingly prevalent in clinical settings. With the continuous improvement of people's living standards, the gradual acceleration of the pace of life, and the deterioration of the living environment in recent years, the incidence of CVDs is increasing annually. The prevalence of CVDs among individuals aged 50 and above is notably elevated, posing a significant risk to patients' well-being and lives. At this juncture, numerous clinical treatment choices are available for managing CVDs, with traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) therapy standing out as a practical, safe, and reliable option. Over the recent years, there has been growing acknowledgement among both medical professionals and patients. With the expanding integration of TCM in the treatment of various clinical conditions, the use of TCM in managing CVDs has gained significant attention within the medical community, potentially emerging as an efficacious approach for addressing cardiovascular diseases. This article conducts a comprehensive review of the TCM approach, particularly acupuncture, as a supplementary treatment for CVDs, highlighting its ability to effectively lower blood pressure, decrease coronary artery events, mitigate arrhythmias, and enhance cardiac function when used alongside conventional medication. The review underscores the promise of acupuncture in enhancing cardiovascular health, although variations in research methodologies necessitate standardized applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengfeng Wang
- Rehabilitation Department of Chinese Medicine, The Fourth People’s Hospital of Kunshan, Kunshan City, Jiangsu Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ruxue Fang
- Rehabilitation Department of Chinese Medicine, The Fourth People’s Hospital of Kunshan, Kunshan City, Jiangsu Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lei Huang
- Rehabilitation Department of Chinese Medicine, The Fourth People’s Hospital of Kunshan, Kunshan City, Jiangsu Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Liping Zhou
- Rehabilitation Department of Chinese Medicine, The Fourth People’s Hospital of Kunshan, Kunshan City, Jiangsu Province, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Community Health, Advanced Medical and Dental Institute, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Bertam, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
| | - Haibo Liu
- Department of Cardiology, QingPu Branch of Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Meiling Cai
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Qingpu Branch, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Abubakar Sha’aban
- Health and Care Research Wales Evidence Centre, Cardiff University, Heath Park, Cardiff, UK
| | - Chunxiang Yu
- Rehabilitation Department of Chinese Medicine, The Fourth People’s Hospital of Kunshan, Kunshan City, Jiangsu Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Mohammed Ahmed Akkaif
- Department of Cardiology, QingPu Branch of Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
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6
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Shi F. Understanding the roles of salt-inducible kinases in cardiometabolic disease. Front Physiol 2024; 15:1426244. [PMID: 39081779 PMCID: PMC11286596 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2024.1426244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Salt-inducible kinases (SIKs) are serine/threonine kinases of the adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase family. Acting as mediators of a broad array of neuronal and hormonal signaling pathways, SIKs play diverse roles in many physiological and pathological processes. Phosphorylation by the upstream kinase liver kinase B1 is required for SIK activation, while phosphorylation by protein kinase A induces the binding of 14-3-3 protein and leads to SIK inhibition. SIKs are subjected to auto-phosphorylation regulation and their activity can also be modulated by Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase in response to cellular calcium influx. SIKs regulate the physiological processes through direct phosphorylation on various substrates, which include class IIa histone deacetylases, cAMP-regulated transcriptional coactivators, phosphatase methylesterase-1, among others. Accumulative body of studies have demonstrated that SIKs are important regulators of the cardiovascular system, including early works establishing their roles in sodium sensing and vascular homeostasis and recent progress in pulmonary arterial hypertension and pathological cardiac remodeling. SIKs also regulate inflammation, fibrosis, and metabolic homeostasis, which are essential pathological underpinnings of cardiovascular disease. The development of small molecule SIK inhibitors provides the translational opportunity to explore their potential as therapeutic targets for treating cardiometabolic disease in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fubiao Shi
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
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7
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De Vito F, Fiorentino TV, Facciolo A, Cassano V, Natale MR, Mannino GC, Succurro E, Arturi F, Sciacqua A, Sesti G, Andreozzi F. Association between augmented levels of the gut pro-hormone Proneurotensin and subclinical vascular damage. Sci Rep 2024; 14:15086. [PMID: 38956152 PMCID: PMC11219761 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-65992-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Elevated levels of the gut pro-hormone Proneurotensin (proNT) have been found to predict development of cardiovascular disease. However, it is still unknown whether higher proNT levels are associated with subclinical vascular damage. Herein, we investigated the relationship between higher proNT concentrations and augmented pulse pressure (PP) and carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT), indicators of increased arterial stiffness and subclinical atherosclerosis, respectively. Clinical characteristics, PP and cIMT were evaluated in 154 non-diabetic individuals stratified into tertiles according to fasting serum proNT concentrations. We found that, subjects with higher proNT levels exhibited a worse lipid profile and insulin sensitivity, increased C-reactive protein levels, along with higher values of PP and cIMT as compared to the lowest proNT tertile. Prevalence of elevated PP (≥ 60 mmHg) and subclinical carotid atherosclerosis (IMT > 0.9 mm) was increased in the highest tertile of proNT. In a logistic regression analysis adjusted for several confounders, subjects with higher proNT levels displayed a fivefold raised risk of having elevated PP values (OR 5.36; 95%CI 1.04-27.28; P = 0.05) and early carotid atherosclerosis (OR 4.81; 95%CI 1.39-16.57; P = 0.01) as compared to the lowest proNT tertile. In conclusion, higher circulating levels of proNT are a biomarker of subclinical vascular damage independent of other atherosclerotic risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca De Vito
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Teresa Vanessa Fiorentino
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy.
| | - Antonio Facciolo
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Velia Cassano
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Maria Resilde Natale
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Gaia Chiara Mannino
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Elena Succurro
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Franco Arturi
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Angela Sciacqua
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Giorgio Sesti
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, University of Rome-Sapienza, 00189, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Andreozzi
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy
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8
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Hebib L, Herraiz-Adillo Á, Higueras-Fresnillo S, Berglind D, Daka B, Wennberg P, Hagström E, Lenander C, Ahlqvist VH, Östgren CJ, Rådholm K, Henriksson P. Life's Essential 8 is inversely associated with high-sensitivity C-reactive protein. Sci Rep 2024; 14:15024. [PMID: 38951604 PMCID: PMC11217377 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-65977-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Life's Essential 8 (LE8) is a score that includes modifiable risk factors for cardiovascular disease. Four health behaviors (diet, physical activity, nicotine exposure and sleep health) and four health factors (non-HDL cholesterol, blood glucose, blood pressure and body mass index) are included. These modifiable risk factors promote inflammation, and inflammation is one of the biological mechanisms of cardiovascular disease development. Thus, we examined the relationship between cardiovascular health measured by LE8 and low-grade inflammation measured by high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) in the cross-sectional population-based Swedish CArdioPulmonary bioImage Study (SCAPIS). The study consisted of 28,010 participants between 50 and 64 years (51.5% women, mean age 57.5 years). All individual LE8 components were assigned a score between 0 (unhealthy) and 100 (healthy) points, and a global score was calculated. The association between LE8 scores and high-risk hs-CRP (defined as > 3.0 mg/L) was analyzed using adjusted logistic regression with spline analyses. There was a strong, dose response and inverse association between LE8 scores and levels of hs-CRP. Thus, those with a low LE8 score (= 50.0 points) had 5.8 higher (95% confidence interval [CI] 5.2-6.4) odds ratio (OR) of having high hs-CRP as compared to those with a high LE8 score (= 80.0 points). In conclusion, our findings show strong inverse associations between LE8 scores and levels of hs-CRP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lana Hebib
- Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.
| | - Ángel Herraiz-Adillo
- Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Sara Higueras-Fresnillo
- Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
- Department Physical Education, Sport and Human Motricity, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Daniel Berglind
- Department of Global Public Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Centre for Epidemiology and Community Medicine, Region Stockholm, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Bledar Daka
- School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Patrik Wennberg
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Emil Hagström
- Department of Medical Sciences, Cardiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Cecilia Lenander
- Department of Clinical Sciences in Malmö, Centre for Primary Health Care Research, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Viktor H Ahlqvist
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Carl Johan Östgren
- Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
- Centre for Medical Image Science and Visualization (CMIV), Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Karin Rådholm
- Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
- The George Institute for Global Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Pontus Henriksson
- Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.
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9
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Trastulla L, Dolgalev G, Moser S, Jiménez-Barrón LT, Andlauer TFM, von Scheidt M, Budde M, Heilbronner U, Papiol S, Teumer A, Homuth G, Völzke H, Dörr M, Falkai P, Schulze TG, Gagneur J, Iorio F, Müller-Myhsok B, Schunkert H, Ziller MJ. Distinct genetic liability profiles define clinically relevant patient strata across common diseases. Nat Commun 2024; 15:5534. [PMID: 38951512 PMCID: PMC11217418 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-49338-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 07/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Stratified medicine holds great promise to tailor treatment to the needs of individual patients. While genetics holds great potential to aid patient stratification, it remains a major challenge to operationalize complex genetic risk factor profiles to deconstruct clinical heterogeneity. Contemporary approaches to this problem rely on polygenic risk scores (PRS), which provide only limited clinical utility and lack a clear biological foundation. To overcome these limitations, we develop the CASTom-iGEx approach to stratify individuals based on the aggregated impact of their genetic risk factor profiles on tissue specific gene expression levels. The paradigmatic application of this approach to coronary artery disease or schizophrenia patient cohorts identified diverse strata or biotypes. These biotypes are characterized by distinct endophenotype profiles as well as clinical parameters and are fundamentally distinct from PRS based groupings. In stark contrast to the latter, the CASTom-iGEx strategy discovers biologically meaningful and clinically actionable patient subgroups, where complex genetic liabilities are not randomly distributed across individuals but rather converge onto distinct disease relevant biological processes. These results support the notion of different patient biotypes characterized by partially distinct pathomechanisms. Thus, the universally applicable approach presented here has the potential to constitute an important component of future personalized medicine paradigms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Trastulla
- Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
- Technische Universität München Medical Graduate Center Experimental Medicine, Munich, Germany
- Human Technopole, Milan, Italy
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Georgii Dolgalev
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Sylvain Moser
- Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
- Technische Universität München Medical Graduate Center Experimental Medicine, Munich, Germany
- International Max Planck Research School for Translational Psychiatry (IMPRS-TP), Munich, Germany
| | - Laura T Jiménez-Barrón
- Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
- International Max Planck Research School for Translational Psychiatry (IMPRS-TP), Munich, Germany
| | - Till F M Andlauer
- Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
- Department of Neurology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Moritz von Scheidt
- Klinik für Herz-und Kreislauferkrankungen, Deutsches Herzzentrum München, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - Monika Budde
- Institute of Psychiatric Phenomics and Genomics (IPPG), LMU University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, 80336, Germany
| | - Urs Heilbronner
- Institute of Psychiatric Phenomics and Genomics (IPPG), LMU University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, 80336, Germany
| | - Sergi Papiol
- Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
- Institute of Psychiatric Phenomics and Genomics (IPPG), LMU University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, 80336, Germany
| | - Alexander Teumer
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Georg Homuth
- Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Henry Völzke
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
- Institute of Community Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Marcus Dörr
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Peter Falkai
- Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, 80336, Germany
| | - Thomas G Schulze
- Institute of Psychiatric Phenomics and Genomics (IPPG), LMU University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, 80336, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Julien Gagneur
- School of Computation, Information and Technology, Technical University of Munich, Garching, Germany
- Institute of Human Genetics, School of Medicine and Health, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- Computational Health Center, Helmholtz Center Munich, Neuherberg, Germany
| | | | - Bertram Müller-Myhsok
- Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
- Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Heribert Schunkert
- Klinik für Herz-und Kreislauferkrankungen, Deutsches Herzzentrum München, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - Michael J Ziller
- Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany.
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany.
- Center for Soft Nanoscience, University of Münster, Münster, Germany.
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10
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Zafeiropoulos S, Ahmed U, Bikou A, Mughrabi IT, Stavrakis S, Zanos S. Vagus nerve stimulation for cardiovascular diseases: Is there light at the end of the tunnel? Trends Cardiovasc Med 2024; 34:327-337. [PMID: 37506989 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcm.2023.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
Autonomic dysfunction and chronic inflammation contribute to the pathogenesis and progression of several cardiovascular diseases (CVD), such as heart failure with preserved ejection fraction, atherosclerotic CVD, pulmonary arterial hypertension, and atrial fibrillation. The vagus nerve provides parasympathetic innervation to the heart, vessels, and lungs, and is also implicated in the neural control of inflammation through a neuroimmune pathway involving the spleen. Stimulation of the vagus nerve (VNS) can in principle restore autonomic balance and suppress inflammation, with potential therapeutic benefits in these diseases. Although VNS ameliorated CVD in several animal models, early human studies have demonstrated variable efficacy. The purpose of this review is to discuss the rationale behind the use of VNS in the treatment of CVD, to critically review animal and human studies of VNS in CVD, and to propose possible means to overcome the challenges in the clinical translation of VNS in CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanos Zafeiropoulos
- Elmezzi Graduate School of Molecular Medicine at Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY, USA; Institute of Bioelectronic Medicine, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, USA
| | - Umair Ahmed
- Institute of Bioelectronic Medicine, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, USA
| | - Alexia Bikou
- Institute of Bioelectronic Medicine, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, USA
| | - Ibrahim T Mughrabi
- Institute of Bioelectronic Medicine, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, USA
| | - Stavros Stavrakis
- Heart Rhythm Institute, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Stavros Zanos
- Elmezzi Graduate School of Molecular Medicine at Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY, USA; Institute of Bioelectronic Medicine, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, USA.
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11
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Chen M, Kang X, Zhang Y, Liu Y. Trained immunity: A link between risk factors and cardiovascular disease. Br J Pharmacol 2024. [PMID: 38824960 DOI: 10.1111/bph.16472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2023] [Revised: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases are significant contributors to human mortality, closely associated with inflammation. With the changing living conditions and the extension of human lifespan, greater attention has been directed towards understanding the impact of early, long-term events on the development of cardiovascular events. Lifestyle factors such as stress, unhealthy diet and physical inactivity can increase the risk of cardiovascular diseases. Interestingly, even if the risk factors are addressed later, their influence may persist. Recently, the concept of trained innate immunity (TRIM), defined as sustained alterations in the function of innate immunocyte that promote a more robust response to downstream stimuli, has been proposed to be involved in cardiovascular diseases. It is hypothesized that TRIM may serve as a mediator bridging the impacts of aforementioned risk factors. This review aims to elucidate the role of TRIM in cardiovascular diseases and highlight its significance in uncovering new mechanisms and therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingqi Chen
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Vascular Homeostasis and Remodeling, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Xuya Kang
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Vascular Homeostasis and Remodeling, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Vascular Homeostasis and Remodeling, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yahan Liu
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Vascular Homeostasis and Remodeling, Peking University, Beijing, China
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12
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Kiramira D, Uphaus T, Othman A, Heermann R, Deschner J, Müller-Heupt LK. Stroke Caused by Vasculitis Induced by Periodontitis-Associated Oral Bacteria after Wisdom Teeth Extraction. Brain Sci 2024; 14:550. [PMID: 38928550 PMCID: PMC11201652 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci14060550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2024] [Revised: 05/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Invasive dental procedures, such as wisdom teeth removal, have been identified as potential triggers for vascular events due to the entry of oral bacteria into the bloodstream, leading to acute vascular inflammation and endothelial dysfunction. This study presents the case of a 27-year-old healthy male who developed ischemic stroke resulting from bacteremia after undergoing wisdom teeth extraction. Initially, the patient experienced fever and malaise, which were followed by right-sided hemiplegia. Diagnostic imaging, including a CT scan, identified a subacute infarction in the posterior crus of the left internal capsule, and MRI findings indicated inflammatory changes in the masticatory muscles. Further investigations involving biopsies of the masticatory muscles, along with blood and cerebrospinal fluid samples, confirmed bacterial meningitis with associated vasculitis. Notably, oral bacteria linked to periodontitis, including Porphyromonas gingivalis, Fusobacterium nucleatum, Tannerella forsythia, and Parvimonas micra, were found in the biopsies and microbiological analyses. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first reported case showing that bacteremia following dental procedures can lead to such severe neurological outcomes. This case underscores the importance of recognizing bacteremia-induced vasculitis in patients presenting with neurological symptoms post-dental procedures, emphasizing the broader implications of oral infections in such pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Kiramira
- Department of Periodontology and Operative Dentistry, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Timo Uphaus
- Department of Neurology and Focus Program Translational Neuroscience (FTN), Rhine Main Neuroscience Network (rmn2), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Ahmed Othman
- Department of Neuroradiology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Ralf Heermann
- Institute of Molecular Physiology, Microbiology and Biotechnology, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany
- Institute for Biotechnology and Drug Research gGmbH (ibwf), 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - James Deschner
- Department of Periodontology and Operative Dentistry, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Lena Katharina Müller-Heupt
- Department of Periodontology and Operative Dentistry, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany
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13
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Sourour N, Riveland E, Næsgaard P, Kjekshus H, Larsen AI, Røsjø H, Omland T, Myhre PL. Associations Between Biomarkers of Myocardial Injury and Systemic Inflammation and Risk of Incident Ventricular Arrhythmia. JACC Clin Electrophysiol 2024:S2405-500X(24)00295-0. [PMID: 38904572 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacep.2024.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiac troponins (cTns) and biomarkers of inflammation are elevated in heart failure (HF) and predict cardiovascular risk. Whether these biomarkers associate with risk of ventricular arrhythmias (VAs) is unclear. OBJECTIVES This study sought to assess whether cTnT, growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF-15), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and C-reactive protein (CRP) concentrations are associated with incident VA. METHODS In a prospective, observational study of patients treated with implantable cardioverter-defibrillator, cTnT, GDF-15, IL-6, and CRP were measured at baseline and after 1.4 ± 0.5 years and were associated with implantable cardioverter-defibrillator-detected incident VA, HF hospitalizations, and mortality. RESULTS This study included 489 patients aged 66 ± 12 years and 83% were men. Median concentrations of cTnT were 15 (Q1-Q3: 9-25) ng/L at inclusion, and higher concentrations were associated with higher age, male sex, diabetes mellitus, coronary artery disease, and HF. During 3.1 ± 0.7 years of follow-up, 137 patients (28%) had ≥1 VA. cTnT concentrations were associated with an increased VA risk (per log-unit, HR: 1.63; 95% CI: 1.31-2.01; P < 0.001), also after adjustment for age, sex, body mass index, coronary artery disease, HF, renal function, and left ventricular ejection fraction (P < 0.001). GDF-15, IL-6, and CRP concentrations were not associated with incident VA, but all (including cTnT) were associated with HF hospitalization and mortality. Changes in cTnT, GDF-15, IL-6, and CRP from baseline to 1.4 years were not associated with subsequent VA. CONCLUSIONS Higher concentrations of cTnT, GDF-15, IL-6, and CRP associate with HF hospitalization and death, but only cTnT predict incident VA. These findings suggest that myocardial injury rather than inflammation may play a pathophysiological role in VA and sudden cardiac death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nur Sourour
- Department of Cardiology, Division of Medicine, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway; K.G. Jebsen Center for Cardiac Biomarkers, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Egil Riveland
- Department of Cardiology, Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway; Institute of Clinical Sciences, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Patrycja Næsgaard
- Department of Cardiology, Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway
| | - Harald Kjekshus
- Department of Cardiology, Division of Medicine, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway
| | - Alf Inge Larsen
- Department of Cardiology, Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway; Institute of Clinical Sciences, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Helge Røsjø
- K.G. Jebsen Center for Cardiac Biomarkers, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Division for Research and Innovation, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway
| | - Torbjørn Omland
- Department of Cardiology, Division of Medicine, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway; K.G. Jebsen Center for Cardiac Biomarkers, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Peder L Myhre
- Department of Cardiology, Division of Medicine, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway; K.G. Jebsen Center for Cardiac Biomarkers, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
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14
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Capodici A, Mocciaro G, Gori D, Landry MJ, Masini A, Sanmarchi F, Fiore M, Coa AA, Castagna G, Gardner CD, Guaraldi F. Cardiovascular health and cancer risk associated with plant based diets: An umbrella review. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0300711. [PMID: 38748667 PMCID: PMC11095673 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0300711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024] Open
Abstract
CONTEXT Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) and cancer are the two main leading causes of death and disability worldwide. Suboptimal diet, poor in vegetables, fruits, legumes and whole grain, and rich in processed and red meat, refined grains, and added sugars, is a primary modifiable risk factor. Based on health, economic and ethical concerns, plant-based diets have progressively widespread worldwide. OBJECTIVE This umbrella review aims at assessing the impact of animal-free and animal-products-free diets (A/APFDs) on the risk factors associated with the development of cardiometabolic diseases, cancer and their related mortalities. DATA SOURCES PubMed and Scopus were searched for reviews, systematic reviews, and meta-analyses published from 1st January 2000 to 31st June 2023, written in English and involving human subjects of all ages. Primary studies and reviews/meta-analyses based on interventional trials which used A/APFDs as a therapy for people with metabolic diseases were excluded. DATA EXTRACTION The umbrella review approach was applied for data extraction and analysis. The revised AMSTAR-R 11-item tool was applied to assess the quality of reviews/meta-analyses. RESULTS Overall, vegetarian and vegan diets are significantly associated with better lipid profile, glycemic control, body weight/BMI, inflammation, and lower risk of ischemic heart disease and cancer. Vegetarian diet is also associated with lower mortality from CVDs. On the other hand, no difference in the risk of developing gestational diabetes and hypertension were reported in pregnant women following vegetarian diets. Study quality was average. A key limitation is represented by the high heterogeneity of the study population in terms of sample size, demography, geographical origin, dietary patterns, and other lifestyle confounders. CONCLUSIONS Plant-based diets appear beneficial in reducing cardiometabolic risk factors, as well as CVDs, cancer risk and mortality. However, caution should be paid before broadly suggesting the adoption of A/AFPDs since the strength-of-evidence of study results is significantly limited by the large study heterogeneity alongside the potential risks associated with potentially restrictive regimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelo Capodici
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Science, Alma Mater Studiorum–University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- Interdisciplinary Research Center for Health Science, Sant’Anna School of Advanced Studies, Pisa, Tuscany, Italy
| | - Gabriele Mocciaro
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Davide Gori
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Science, Alma Mater Studiorum–University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Matthew J. Landry
- Stanford Prevention Research Center, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States of America
| | - Alice Masini
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Eastern Piedmont, (UNIUPO), Novara, Italy
| | - Francesco Sanmarchi
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Science, Alma Mater Studiorum–University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Matteo Fiore
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Science, Alma Mater Studiorum–University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Angela Andrea Coa
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Science, Alma Mater Studiorum–University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Gisele Castagna
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Science, Alma Mater Studiorum–University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Christopher D. Gardner
- Stanford Prevention Research Center, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States of America
| | - Federica Guaraldi
- IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, Programma Neurochirurgia Ipofisi—Pituitary Unit, Bologna, Italy
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15
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Merdler I, Chitturi KR, Chaturvedi A, Li J, Cellamare M, Ozturk ST, Sawant V, Ben-Dor I, Waksman R, Case BC, Hashim HD. Coronary microvascular dysfunction and inflammation: Insights from the Coronary Microvascular Disease Registry. CARDIOVASCULAR REVASCULARIZATION MEDICINE 2024:S1553-8389(24)00488-3. [PMID: 38789342 DOI: 10.1016/j.carrev.2024.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Coronary microvascular dysfunction (CMD) is associated with various inflammatory conditions that worsen endothelial dysfunction. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between CMD and inflammation using common inflammatory markers derived from complete blood count (CBC) analysis. METHODS Information was gathered from the Coronary Microvascular Disease Registry to examine the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), eosinophil-to-monocyte ratio (EMR), and monocyte-to-high-density lipoprotein ratio (MHR) in a cohort of patients with angina who showed non-obstructive coronary arteries and underwent invasive physiological assessments for CMD. RESULTS Of the 171 patients studied, 126 were CMD-negative and 45 were CMD-positive, constituting two groups of interest. The average age of all patients was 61.7 ± 11.1 years, and 63.7 % were female. No significant differences were observed between the two groups in terms of baseline characteristics, cardiovascular risk factors, or potential anti-inflammatory medications. Furthermore, there were no statistically significant differences in NLR (2.54 ± 3.71 vs. 2.52 ± 2.28, p = 0.97), EMR (0.3 ± 0.21 vs. 0.34 ± 0.29, p = 0.31), or MHR (0.02 ± 0.01 vs. 0.01 ± 0.01, p = 0.54) between CMD-positive and CMD-negative patients. CONCLUSION Our findings did not show a noteworthy connection between CMD and inflammation, as suggested by various simple CBC-based biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilan Merdler
- Section of Interventional Cardiology, MedStar Washington Hospital Center, Washington, DC, United States of America
| | - Kalyan R Chitturi
- Section of Interventional Cardiology, MedStar Washington Hospital Center, Washington, DC, United States of America
| | - Abhishek Chaturvedi
- Section of Interventional Cardiology, MedStar Washington Hospital Center, Washington, DC, United States of America
| | - Jason Li
- Department of Internal Medicine, MedStar Georgetown University Hospital, Washington, DC, United States of America
| | - Matteo Cellamare
- Section of Interventional Cardiology, MedStar Washington Hospital Center, Washington, DC, United States of America
| | - Sevket Tolga Ozturk
- Section of Interventional Cardiology, MedStar Washington Hospital Center, Washington, DC, United States of America
| | - Vaishnavi Sawant
- Section of Interventional Cardiology, MedStar Washington Hospital Center, Washington, DC, United States of America
| | - Itsik Ben-Dor
- Section of Interventional Cardiology, MedStar Washington Hospital Center, Washington, DC, United States of America
| | - Ron Waksman
- Section of Interventional Cardiology, MedStar Washington Hospital Center, Washington, DC, United States of America.
| | - Brian C Case
- Section of Interventional Cardiology, MedStar Washington Hospital Center, Washington, DC, United States of America
| | - Hayder D Hashim
- Section of Interventional Cardiology, MedStar Washington Hospital Center, Washington, DC, United States of America
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16
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Borra V, Jain A, Borra N, Kattamuri LPV, Senapati SG, Machineni NVK, Kukkala S, Ramasahayam K, Prajapati K, Vyas A, Desai R. Rising Trends in Metabolically Healthy Obesity in Cancer Patients and Its Impact on Cardiovascular Events: Insights from a Contemporary Nationwide Analysis in the USA (2016-2020). J Clin Med 2024; 13:2820. [PMID: 38792362 PMCID: PMC11122494 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13102820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2024] [Revised: 04/25/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: Obesity or overweight raises the risk of developing 13 types of cancer, representing 40% of all cancers diagnosed in the United States annually. Given the ongoing debate surrounding the impact of metabolically healthy obesity (MHO) on cardiovascular outcomes, it is crucial to comprehend the incidence of Major Adverse Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Events (MACCEs) and the influence of MHO on these outcomes in cancer patients. Methods: Data of hospitalized cancer patients with and without obesity were analyzed from the National Inpatient Sample 2016-2020. Metabolically healthy patients were identified by excluding diabetes, hypertension, and hyperlipidemia using Elixhauser comorbidity software, v.2022.1. After that, we performed a multivariable regression analysis for in-hospital MACCEs and other individual outcomes. Results: We identified 3,111,824 cancer-related hospitalizations between 2016 and 2020. The MHO cohort had 199,580 patients (6.4%), whereas the MHnO (metabolically healthy non-obese) cohort had 2,912,244 patients (93.6%). The MHO cohort had a higher proportion of females, Blacks, and Hispanics. Outcomes including in-hospital MACCEs (7.9% vs. 9.5%; p < 0.001), all-cause mortality (6.1% vs. 7.5%; p < 0.001), and acute myocardial infarction (AMI) (1.5% vs. 1.6%; p < 0.001) were lower in the MHO cohort compared to the MHnO cohort. Upon adjusting for the baseline characteristics, the MHO group had lower odds of in-hospital MACCEs [adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 0.93, 95% CI (0.90-0.97), p < 0.001], all-cause mortality [AOR = 0.91, 95% CI (0.87-0.94); p < 0.001], and acute ischemic stroke (AIS) [AOR = 0.76, 95% CI (0.69-0.84); p < 0.001], whereas there were higher odds of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) [AOR = 1.08, 95% CI (1.01-1.16); p < 0.001] and cardiac arrest (CA) [AOR = 1.26, 95% CI (1.01-1.57); p = 0.045] in the MHO cohort compared to the MHnO cohort. Conclusions: Hospitalized cancer patients with MHO exhibited a lower prevalence of in-hospital MACCEs than those with MHnO. Additional prospective studies and randomized clinical trials are imperative to validate these findings, particularly in stratifying MHO across various cancer types and their corresponding risks of in-hospital MACCEs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vamsikalyan Borra
- Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas, Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, TX 78539, USA;
| | - Akhil Jain
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77079, USA
| | - Nithya Borra
- Department of Internal Medicine, Sri Venkateswara Medical College, Tirupati 517507, India
| | | | - Sidhartha Gautam Senapati
- Department of Internal Medicine, Health Sciences Center, Texas Tech University, El Paso, TX 79409, USA
| | | | - Sindhuja Kukkala
- Department of Internal Medicine, St. Luke’s Hospital, St. Louis, MO 63122, USA
| | - Karthikeya Ramasahayam
- Konaseema Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Foundation, Amalapuram 533201, India
| | - Kesar Prajapati
- Department of Internal Medicine, Metropolitan Hospital Center, NYC Health+ Hospitals, New York, NY 11373, USA
| | - Ankit Vyas
- Department of Vascular Medicine, Oschner Clinic Foundation, New Orleans, LA 70124, USA;
| | - Rupak Desai
- Independent Outcomes Researcher, Atlanta, GA 30033, USA;
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17
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Hillary RF, Ng HK, McCartney DL, Elliott HR, Walker RM, Campbell A, Huang F, Direk K, Welsh P, Sattar N, Corley J, Hayward C, McIntosh AM, Sudlow C, Evans KL, Cox SR, Chambers JC, Loh M, Relton CL, Marioni RE, Yousefi PD, Suderman M. Blood-based epigenome-wide analyses of chronic low-grade inflammation across diverse population cohorts. CELL GENOMICS 2024; 4:100544. [PMID: 38692281 PMCID: PMC11099341 DOI: 10.1016/j.xgen.2024.100544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Revised: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
Chronic inflammation is a hallmark of age-related disease states. The effectiveness of inflammatory proteins including C-reactive protein (CRP) in assessing long-term inflammation is hindered by their phasic nature. DNA methylation (DNAm) signatures of CRP may act as more reliable markers of chronic inflammation. We show that inter-individual differences in DNAm capture 50% of the variance in circulating CRP (N = 17,936, Generation Scotland). We develop a series of DNAm predictors of CRP using state-of-the-art algorithms. An elastic-net-regression-based predictor outperformed competing methods and explained 18% of phenotypic variance in the Lothian Birth Cohort of 1936 (LBC1936) cohort, doubling that of existing DNAm predictors. DNAm predictors performed comparably in four additional test cohorts (Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children, Health for Life in Singapore, Southall and Brent Revisited, and LBC1921), including for individuals of diverse genetic ancestry and different age groups. The best-performing predictor surpassed assay-measured CRP and a genetic score in its associations with 26 health outcomes. Our findings forge new avenues for assessing chronic low-grade inflammation in diverse populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert F Hillary
- Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Hong Kiat Ng
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Clinical Sciences Building, Singapore 308232, Singapore
| | - Daniel L McCartney
- Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Hannah R Elliott
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 2BN, UK; Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1UD, UK
| | - Rosie M Walker
- Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK; School of Psychology, University of Exeter, Exeter EX4 4QG, UK
| | - Archie Campbell
- Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Felicia Huang
- MRC Unit for Lifelong Health and Ageing, University College London, London WC1E 7HB, UK
| | - Kenan Direk
- Imperial Clinical Trials Unit, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Paul Welsh
- School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Health, BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8TA, UK
| | - Naveed Sattar
- School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Health, BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8TA, UK
| | - Janie Corley
- Lothian Birth Cohort Studies, Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9JZ, UK
| | - Caroline Hayward
- Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK; Medical Research Council Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Andrew M McIntosh
- Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK; Division of Psychiatry, University of Edinburgh, Royal Edinburgh Hospital, Edinburgh EH10 5HF, UK
| | - Cathie Sudlow
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, Edinburgh Imaging and UK Dementia Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4SB, UK; British Heart Foundation Data Science Centre, Health Data Research UK, London NW1 2BE, UK; Health Data Research UK, London NW1 2BE, UK
| | - Kathryn L Evans
- Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Simon R Cox
- Lothian Birth Cohort Studies, Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9JZ, UK
| | - John C Chambers
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Clinical Sciences Building, Singapore 308232, Singapore; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, St Mary's Campus, London W2 1PG, UK
| | - Marie Loh
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Clinical Sciences Building, Singapore 308232, Singapore; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, St Mary's Campus, London W2 1PG, UK; National Skin Centre, Singapore 308205, Singapore; Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore 138672, Singapore
| | - Caroline L Relton
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 2BN, UK; Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1UD, UK
| | - Riccardo E Marioni
- Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK.
| | - Paul D Yousefi
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 2BN, UK; Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1UD, UK.
| | - Matthew Suderman
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 2BN, UK; Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1UD, UK.
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Zahid S, Mohamed MS, Rajendran A, Minhas AS, Khan MZ, Nazir NT, Ocon AJ, Weber BN, Isiadinso I, Michos ED. Rheumatoid arthritis and cardiovascular complications during delivery: a United States inpatient analysis. Eur Heart J 2024; 45:1524-1536. [PMID: 38427130 DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehae108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Persons with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) have an increased risk of obstetric-associated complications, as well as long-term cardiovascular (CV) risk. Hence, the aim was to evaluate the association of RA with acute CV complications during delivery admissions. METHODS Data from the National Inpatient Sample (2004-2019) were queried utilizing ICD-9 or ICD-10 codes to identify delivery hospitalizations and a diagnosis of RA. RESULTS A total of 12 789 722 delivery hospitalizations were identified, of which 0.1% were among persons with RA (n = 11 979). Individuals with RA, vs. those without, were older (median 31 vs. 28 years, P < .01) and had a higher prevalence of chronic hypertension, chronic diabetes, gestational diabetes mellitus, obesity, and dyslipidaemia (P < .01). After adjustment for age, race/ethnicity, comorbidities, insurance, and income, RA remained an independent risk factor for peripartum CV complications including preeclampsia [adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 1.37 (95% confidence interval 1.27-1.47)], peripartum cardiomyopathy [aOR 2.10 (1.11-3.99)], and arrhythmias [aOR 2.00 (1.68-2.38)] compared with no RA. Likewise, the risk of acute kidney injury and venous thromboembolism was higher with RA. An overall increasing trend of obesity, gestational diabetes mellitus, and acute CV complications was also observed among individuals with RA from 2004-2019. For resource utilization, length of stay and cost of hospitalization were higher for deliveries among persons with RA. CONCLUSIONS Pregnant persons with RA had higher risk of preeclampsia, peripartum cardiomyopathy, arrhythmias, acute kidney injury, and venous thromboembolism during delivery hospitalizations. Furthermore, cardiometabolic risk factors among pregnant individuals with RA rose over this 15-year period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salman Zahid
- Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Mohamed S Mohamed
- Sands-Constellation Heart Institute, Rochester General Hospital, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Aardra Rajendran
- Division of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 600 N. Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Anum S Minhas
- Division of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 600 N. Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Muhammad Zia Khan
- Heart and Vascular Institute, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Noreen T Nazir
- Division of Cardiology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Anthony J Ocon
- Division of Allergy, Immunology & Rheumatology, Rochester Regional Health, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Brittany N Weber
- Division of Cardiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ijeoma Isiadinso
- Division of Cardiology, Center for Heart Disease Prevention, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Erin D Michos
- Division of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 600 N. Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
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Altamura S, Del Pinto R, Pietropaoli D, Ferri C. Oral health as a modifiable risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. Trends Cardiovasc Med 2024; 34:267-275. [PMID: 36963476 PMCID: PMC10517086 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcm.2023.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Revised: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/26/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide with a high socioeconomic burden. Increasing evidence supports a convincing connection with increased cardiovascular risk of periodontal diseases (PD), a group of widespread, debilitating, and costly dysbiotic relapsing-remitting inflammatory diseases of the tissues supporting the teeth. Herein, we ensembled the best available evidence on the connection between CVDs and PD to review the recently emerging concept of the latter as a non-traditional risk factor for CVDs. We focused on oral dysbiosis, inflammation-associated molecular and cellular mechanisms, and epigenetic changes as potential causative links between PD and CVDs. The available evidence on the effects of periodontal treatment on cardiovascular risk factors and diseases was also described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serena Altamura
- Department of Life, Health & Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, Italy; Center of Oral Diseases, Prevention and Translational Research - Dental Clinic, L'Aquila, Italy; Oral Diseases and Systemic Interactions Study Group (ODISSY Group), L'Aquila, Italy; PhD School in Medicine and Public Health
| | - Rita Del Pinto
- Department of Life, Health & Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, Italy; Oral Diseases and Systemic Interactions Study Group (ODISSY Group), L'Aquila, Italy; Unit of Internal Medicine and Nephrology, Center for Hypertension and Cardiovascular Prevention, San Salvatore Hospital, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Davide Pietropaoli
- Department of Life, Health & Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, Italy; Center of Oral Diseases, Prevention and Translational Research - Dental Clinic, L'Aquila, Italy; Oral Diseases and Systemic Interactions Study Group (ODISSY Group), L'Aquila, Italy.
| | - Claudio Ferri
- Department of Life, Health & Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, Italy; Oral Diseases and Systemic Interactions Study Group (ODISSY Group), L'Aquila, Italy; Unit of Internal Medicine and Nephrology, Center for Hypertension and Cardiovascular Prevention, San Salvatore Hospital, L'Aquila, Italy
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20
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Chiu HW, Chou CL, Lee KT, Shih CC, Huang TH, Sung LC. Nattokinase attenuates endothelial inflammation through the activation of SRF and THBS1. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 268:131779. [PMID: 38679250 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.131779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
Natto contains a potent fibrinolytic enzyme called nattokinase (NK), which has thrombolytic, antihypertensive, antiatherosclerotic and lipid-lowering effects. Although NK has been recognized for its beneficial effect on humans with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD), the underlying mechanisms involved in vascular inflammation-atherosclerosis development remain largely unknown. The current study aimed to explore the effects of NK on gene regulation, autophagy, necroptosis and inflammasome in vascular inflammation. The transcriptional profiles of NK in endothelial cells (ECs) by RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) revealed that NK affected THBS1, SRF and SREBF1 mRNA expression. In Q-PCR analysis, SRF and THBS1 were upregulated but SREBF1 was unaffected in ECs treated with NK. NK treatment induced autophagy and inhibited NLRP3 inflammasome and necroptosis in ECs. Furthermore, the inhibition of SRF or THBS1 by siRNA suppressed autophagy and enhanced the NLRP3 inflammasome and necroptosis. In a mouse model, NK reduced vascular inflammation by activating autophagy and inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome and necroptosis. Our findings provide the first evidence that NK upregulates SRF and THBS1 genes, subsequently increasing autophagy and decreasing necroptosis and NLRP3 inflammasome formation to reduce vascular inflammation. Therefore, NK could serve as nutraceuticals or adjuvant therapies to reduce vascular inflammation and possible atherosclerosis progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Wen Chiu
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Medical Research, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City, Taiwan; Ph.D. Program in Drug Discovery and Development Industry, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; TMU Research Center of Urology and Kidney, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chu-Lin Chou
- TMU Research Center of Urology and Kidney, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Hsin Kuo Min Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taoyuan City, Taiwan; Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Kung-Ta Lee
- Department of Biochemical Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Che Shih
- Taipei Heart Institute, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Hsuan Huang
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Li-Chin Sung
- TMU Research Center of Urology and Kidney, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Taipei Heart Institute, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City, Taiwan; Department of General Medicine, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City, Taiwan.
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21
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Majidi A, Hughes MCB, Webb IK, Miura K, van der Pols JC. Inflammatory potential of diet and mortality in Australian adults. Public Health Nutr 2024; 27:e129. [PMID: 38680071 PMCID: PMC11112428 DOI: 10.1017/s1368980024000909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Inflammation is implicated in chronic diseases including cancer and CVD, which are major causes of mortality. Diet can influence inflammation status. We therefore examined whether the inflammatory potential of a person's diet is associated with mortality. DESIGN The inflammatory potential of the usual diet was assessed by calculating Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII) scores from repeated FFQ data (collected in 1992, 1994 and 1996), placing each participant's diet on a continuum from anti- to pro-inflammatory. DII scores were analysed as a continuous variable and as categories by creating quartile groups. Death registry data were used to ascertain all-cause mortality and separately mortality from CVD, cancers and other causes between 1992 and 2022. Cox proportional hazard regression analysis was used to calculate adjusted hazard ratios (HR) with 95 % CI, comparing higher and lowest quartile groups, or HR change per one DII unit increase. SETTING Nambour, Australia. PARTICIPANTS A community-based sample of 1440 adults aged 25-75 years. RESULTS During follow-up, 488 participants died, including 188 from CVD, 151 from cancer and 170 from other causes. Participants in the most pro-inflammatory diet group were at increased risk of all-cause mortality (HRQ4 v. Q1 = 1·55; 95 % CI 1·19, 2·03; P < 0·001) and other-cause mortality (HRQ4 v. Q1 = 1·69; 95 % CI 1·12, 2·54; P 0·01). A one-unit increase in DII score was associated with a 36 % increased risk of CVD among those younger than 55 years of age (HR for a one-unit increase in DII score 1·36, 95 % CI 1·04, 1·78). The risk of cancer mortality was also increased for those with a more pro-inflammatory diet in age ≤ 55 years (HR for a one-unit increase in DII score 1·20, 95 % CI 1·02, 1·40) and age 56-65 years (HR for a one-unit increase in DII score 1·11, 95 % CI 1·00, 1·23). CONCLUSIONS A pro-inflammatory diet increases the risk of all-cause mortality. Our results support the promotion of anti-inflammatory diets to help promote longevity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azam Majidi
- Gynaecological Cancers Group, Population Health Program, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
- Cancer and Population Studies Group, Population Health Program, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Maria Celia B Hughes
- Cancer and Population Studies Group, Population Health Program, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Imogen K Webb
- Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Faculty of Health, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, BrisbaneQLD 4059, Australia
| | - Kyoko Miura
- Cancer and Population Studies Group, Population Health Program, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Jolieke C van der Pols
- Cancer and Population Studies Group, Population Health Program, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
- Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Faculty of Health, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, BrisbaneQLD 4059, Australia
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Silva M, Avni D, Varela J, Barreira L. The Ocean's Pharmacy: Health Discoveries in Marine Algae. Molecules 2024; 29:1900. [PMID: 38675719 PMCID: PMC11055030 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29081900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Revised: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) represent a global health challenge, constituting a major cause of mortality and disease burden in the 21st century. Addressing the prevention and management of NCDs is crucial for improving global public health, emphasizing the need for comprehensive strategies, early interventions, and innovative therapeutic approaches to mitigate their far-reaching consequences. Marine organisms, mainly algae, produce diverse marine natural products with significant therapeutic potential. Harnessing the largely untapped potential of algae could revolutionize drug development and contribute to combating NCDs, marking a crucial step toward natural and targeted therapeutic approaches. This review examines bioactive extracts, compounds, and commercial products derived from macro- and microalgae, exploring their protective properties against oxidative stress, inflammation, cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, metabolic diseases, and cancer across in vitro, cell-based, in vivo, and clinical studies. Most research focuses on macroalgae, demonstrating antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, cardioprotective, gut health modulation, metabolic health promotion, and anti-cancer effects. Microalgae products also exhibit anti-inflammatory, cardioprotective, and anti-cancer properties. Although studies mainly investigated extracts and fractions, isolated compounds from algae have also been explored. Notably, polysaccharides, phlorotannins, carotenoids, and terpenes emerge as prominent compounds, collectively representing 42.4% of the investigated compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mélanie Silva
- Centre of Marine Sciences, University of Algarve, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal; (M.S.); (J.V.)
| | - Dorit Avni
- MIGAL Galilee Institute, Kiryat Shmona 1106000, Israel;
| | - João Varela
- Centre of Marine Sciences, University of Algarve, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal; (M.S.); (J.V.)
- Green Colab—Associação Oceano Verde, University of Algarve, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
| | - Luísa Barreira
- Centre of Marine Sciences, University of Algarve, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal; (M.S.); (J.V.)
- Green Colab—Associação Oceano Verde, University of Algarve, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
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23
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Salinas-Roca B, Sánchez E, Bermúdez-López M, Valdivielso JM, Farràs-Sallés C, Pamplona R, Torres G, Mauricio D, Castro E, Fernández E, Hernández M, Rius F, Lecube A. Association between adherence to the mediterranean diet, physical activity, and sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome (SAHS) in a middle-aged population with cardiovascular risk: Insights from the ILERVAS cohort. Sleep Med 2024; 116:19-26. [PMID: 38408422 DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2024.02.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Sleep Apnea-Hypopnea Syndrome (SAHS) is a common sleep disorder influenced by factors like age, gender, and obesity. The Mediterranean Diet (MedDiet) and physical activity have shown health benefits in lung diseases, but their effects on SAHS remain underexplored. METHODS In a cross-sectional analysis of 678 middle-aged individuals with low-to-moderate cardiovascular risk from the ILERVAS cohort, we assessed adherence to the MedDiet and physical activity levels using validated tools. Sleep parameters, SAHS severity, and excessive daytime sleepiness were evaluated through non-attended cardiorespiratory polygraphy and the Epworth Sleepiness Scale. Multinomial logistic regression models were employed to assess the relationship between MedDiet adherence, physical activity, and SAHS severity. RESULTS The prevalence of severe, moderate, and mild SAHS was 15.5%, 23.2% and 36.1%, respectively. We found no significant associations between adherence to the MedDiet, physical activity levels, and the presence or severity of SAHS. However, we noted a significant interaction between MedDiet and physical activity with minimum SpO2 values (p = 0.049). Notably, consuming more than one serving of red meat per day was independently associated with a higher risk of moderate SAHS [OR = 2.65 (1.29-5.44), p = 0.008]. CONCLUSION Individually, MedDiet adherence and physical activity did not show independent correlations with SAHS. However, when considered together, a minimal but significant effect on minimum SpO2 was observed. Additionally, red meat consumption was associated with a moderate risk of SAHS. Further research is necessary to comprehend the intricate connections between lifestyle factors and sleep-breathing disorders, with a focus on personalized approaches for high-risk populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blanca Salinas-Roca
- Endocrinology and Nutrition Department, University Hospital Arnau de Vilanova. Obesity, Diabetes and Metabolism (ODIM) Research Group, IRBLleida. University of Lleida, Lleida, Spain; Facultat de Ciències de la Salut-Universitat Ramón Llull Blanquerna, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Enric Sánchez
- Endocrinology and Nutrition Department, University Hospital Arnau de Vilanova. Obesity, Diabetes and Metabolism (ODIM) Research Group, IRBLleida. University of Lleida, Lleida, Spain
| | - Marcelino Bermúdez-López
- Vascular and Renal Translational Research Group, IRBLleida. Red de Investigación Renal, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (RedinRen-ISCIII), Lleida, Spain; Department of Experimental Medicine, IRBLleida, University of Lleida, Lleida, Spain
| | - José Manuel Valdivielso
- Vascular and Renal Translational Research Group, IRBLleida. Red de Investigación Renal, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (RedinRen-ISCIII), Lleida, Spain
| | - Cristina Farràs-Sallés
- Centre d'Atenció Primària Cappont. Gerència Territorial de Lleida, Institut Català de la Salut. Research Support Unit Lleida, Fundació Institut Universitari per a la recerca a l'Atenció Primària de Salut Jordi Gol i Gorina (IDIAPJGol), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Reinald Pamplona
- Department of Experimental Medicine, IRBLleida, University of Lleida, Lleida, Spain
| | - Gerard Torres
- Respiratory Medicine Department, University Hospital Arnau de Vilanova and Santa María. Group of Translational Research in Respiratory Medicine, IRBLleida. University of Lleida, Lleida, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - Dídac Mauricio
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau. Sant Pau Biomedical Research Institute (IIB Sant Pau). Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII). Madrid, Spain
| | - Eva Castro
- Vascular and Renal Translational Research Group, IRBLleida. Red de Investigación Renal, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (RedinRen-ISCIII), Lleida, Spain
| | - Elvira Fernández
- Vascular and Renal Translational Research Group, IRBLleida. Red de Investigación Renal, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (RedinRen-ISCIII), Lleida, Spain
| | - Marta Hernández
- Endocrinology and Nutrition Department, University Hospital Arnau de Vilanova. Obesity, Diabetes and Metabolism (ODIM) Research Group, IRBLleida. University of Lleida, Lleida, Spain
| | - Ferran Rius
- Endocrinology and Nutrition Department, University Hospital Arnau de Vilanova. Obesity, Diabetes and Metabolism (ODIM) Research Group, IRBLleida. University of Lleida, Lleida, Spain
| | - Albert Lecube
- Endocrinology and Nutrition Department, University Hospital Arnau de Vilanova. Obesity, Diabetes and Metabolism (ODIM) Research Group, IRBLleida. University of Lleida, Lleida, Spain.
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24
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Merritt CC, Muscatell KA. Discrimination and Cardiovascular Health in Black Americans: Exploring Inflammation as a Mechanism and Perceived Control as a Protective Factor. Psychosom Med 2024; 86:181-191. [PMID: 38436661 PMCID: PMC11001516 DOI: 10.1097/psy.0000000000001300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Inflammation may be an integral physiological mechanism through which discrimination impacts cardiovascular health and contributes to racial health disparities. Limited research has examined psychosocial factors that protect against the negative effects of discrimination on inflammation. Perceived control is a promising possible protective factor, given that it has been shown to moderate the relationship between other psychosocial stressors and physiological outcomes. This study thus tested whether systemic inflammation mediated the link between discrimination and cardiovascular health and whether perceived control moderated this relationship. METHODS Data for this project included 347 non-Hispanic/Latinx Black adults (mean [standard deviation] age = 51.64 [11.24] years; 33% female) taken from the Midlife in the United States study. Perceived control and daily discrimination were assessed via self-report, and inflammation was measured via circulating levels of C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin-6 (IL-6), fibrinogen, and tumor necrosis factor α. Cardiovascular health was measured by morbidity of cardiovascular conditions: heart disease, hypertension, and/or stroke. RESULTS CRP (indirect effect: b = 0.004, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.001-0.007) and fibrinogen (indirect effect: b = 0.002, 95% CI = 0.0003-0.005) mediated the link between discrimination and cardiovascular conditions. Perceived control moderated the relationship between discrimination and CRP ( F (1, 293) = 4.58, Δ R2 = 0.013, b = -0.02, SE = 0.01, p = .033). CRP mediated the link between discrimination and cardiovascular conditions only for those who reported low levels of perceived control (Index = -0.003, 95% CI = -0.007 to -0.0001). CONCLUSION Findings provide empirical evidence of inflammation as a mechanism linking discrimination to cardiovascular conditions among Black Americans. Additionally, perceived control may be protective. Findings could suggest beliefs about control as a potential intervention target to help reduce the negative effects of discrimination on cardiovascular health among Black Americans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carrington C. Merritt
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
| | - Keely A. Muscatell
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
- Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
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25
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Khan S, Ahmad F, Khalid N. Applications of Strain-Specific Probiotics in the Management of Cardiovascular Diseases: A Systemic Review. Mol Nutr Food Res 2024; 68:e2300675. [PMID: 38549453 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202300675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are a leading cause of global mortality and novel approaches for prevention and management are needed. The human gastrointestinal tract hosts a diverse microbiota that is crucial in maintaining metabolic homeostasis. The formulation of effective probiotics, alone or in combination, has been under discussion due to their impact on cardiovascular and metabolic diseases. Probiotics have been shown to impact cardiovascular health positively. An imbalance in the presence of Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes has been linked to the progression of CVDs due to their impact on bile acid and cholesterol metabolism. The probiotics primarily help in the reduction of plasma low-density lipoprotein levels and attenuation of the proinflammatory markers. These beneficial microorganisms contribute to lowering cholesterol levels and produce essential short-chain fatty acids. The impact of lipid-regulating probiotic strains on human health is quite significant. However, only a few have been tested for potential beneficial efficacy, and ambiguity exists regarding strain dosages, interactions with confounding factors, and potential adverse effects. Hence, more comprehensive studies and randomized trials are needed to understand the mechanisms of probiotics on CVDs and to ensure human health. This review assesses the evidence and highlights the roles of strain-specific probiotics in the management of CVDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saleha Khan
- Department of Human Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Management and Technology, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan
| | - Firdos Ahmad
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, 27272, United Arab Emirates
| | - Nauman Khalid
- Department of Human Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Management and Technology, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan
- College of Health Sciences, Abu Dhabi University, Abu Dhabi, 59911, United Arab Emirates
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26
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Rani D, Kaur S, Shahjahan, Dey JK, Dey SK. Engineering immune response to regulate cardiovascular disease and cancer. ADVANCES IN PROTEIN CHEMISTRY AND STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY 2024; 140:381-417. [PMID: 38762276 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apcsb.2023.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2024]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) and cancer are major contributors to global morbidity and mortality. This book chapter delves into the intricate relationship between the immune system and the pathogenesis of both cardiovascular and cancer diseases, exploring the roles of innate and adaptive immunities, immune regulation, and immunotherapy in these complex conditions. The innate immune system acts as the first line of defense against tissue damage and infection, with a significant impact on the initiation and progression of CVD and cancer. Endothelial dysfunction, a hallmark in CVD, shares commonalities with the tumor microenvironment in cancer, emphasizing the parallel involvement of the immune system in both conditions. The adaptive immune system, particularly T cells, contributes to prolonged inflammation in both CVD and cancer. Regulatory T cells and the intricate balance between different T cell subtypes influence disease progression, wound healing, and the outcomes of ischemic injury and cancer immunosurveillance. Dysregulation of immune homeostasis can lead to chronic inflammation, contributing to the development and progression of both CVD and cancer. Thus, immunotherapy emerged as a promising avenue for preventing and managing these diseases, with strategies targeting immune cell modulation, cytokine manipulation, immune checkpoint blockade, and tolerance induction. The impact of gut microbiota on CVD and cancer too is explored in this chapter, highlighting the role of gut leakiness, microbial metabolites, and the potential for microbiome-based interventions in cardiovascular and cancer immunotherapies. In conclusion, immunomodulatory strategies and immunotherapy hold promise in reshaping the landscape of cardiovascular and cancer health. Additionally, harnessing the gut microbiota for immune modulation presents a novel approach to prevent and manage these complex diseases, emphasizing the importance of personalized and precision medicine in healthcare. Ongoing research and clinical trials are expected to further elucidate the complex immunological underpinnings of CVD and cancer thereby refining these innovative approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diksha Rani
- Laboratory for Structural Biology of Membrane Proteins, Dr. B.R. Ambedkar Center for Biomedical Research, University of Delhi, New Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Smaranjot Kaur
- Laboratory for Structural Biology of Membrane Proteins, Dr. B.R. Ambedkar Center for Biomedical Research, University of Delhi, New Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Shahjahan
- Laboratory for Structural Biology of Membrane Proteins, Dr. B.R. Ambedkar Center for Biomedical Research, University of Delhi, New Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Joy Kumar Dey
- Central Council for Research in Homoeopathy, Ministry of Ayush, Govt. of India, New Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Sanjay Kumar Dey
- Laboratory for Structural Biology of Membrane Proteins, Dr. B.R. Ambedkar Center for Biomedical Research, University of Delhi, New Delhi, Delhi, India.
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Guo Q, Jin Y, Chen X, Ye X, Shen X, Lin M, Zeng C, Zhou T, Zhang J. NF-κB in biology and targeted therapy: new insights and translational implications. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2024; 9:53. [PMID: 38433280 PMCID: PMC10910037 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-024-01757-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
NF-κB signaling has been discovered for nearly 40 years. Initially, NF-κB signaling was identified as a pivotal pathway in mediating inflammatory responses. However, with extensive and in-depth investigations, researchers have discovered that its role can be expanded to a variety of signaling mechanisms, biological processes, human diseases, and treatment options. In this review, we first scrutinize the research process of NF-κB signaling, and summarize the composition, activation, and regulatory mechanism of NF-κB signaling. We investigate the interaction of NF-κB signaling with other important pathways, including PI3K/AKT, MAPK, JAK-STAT, TGF-β, Wnt, Notch, Hedgehog, and TLR signaling. The physiological and pathological states of NF-κB signaling, as well as its intricate involvement in inflammation, immune regulation, and tumor microenvironment, are also explicated. Additionally, we illustrate how NF-κB signaling is involved in a variety of human diseases, including cancers, inflammatory and autoimmune diseases, cardiovascular diseases, metabolic diseases, neurological diseases, and COVID-19. Further, we discuss the therapeutic approaches targeting NF-κB signaling, including IKK inhibitors, monoclonal antibodies, proteasome inhibitors, nuclear translocation inhibitors, DNA binding inhibitors, TKIs, non-coding RNAs, immunotherapy, and CAR-T. Finally, we provide an outlook for research in the field of NF-κB signaling. We hope to present a stereoscopic, comprehensive NF-κB signaling that will inform future research and clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Guo
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, No. 270, Dong'an Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yizi Jin
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, No. 270, Dong'an Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xinyu Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji-Med-X Stem Cell Research Center, Shanghai Cancer Institute & Department of Urology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine and School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, PR China
| | - Xiaomin Ye
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, 58 Zhongshan 2nd Road, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Xin Shen
- Department of Neurology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Mingxi Lin
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, No. 270, Dong'an Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Cheng Zeng
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, No. 270, Dong'an Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Teng Zhou
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, No. 270, Dong'an Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, No. 270, Dong'an Road, Shanghai, 200032, China.
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
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Akkaya S, Cakmak U. Association between pan-immune-inflammation value and coronary slow flow phenomenon in patients with angiographically normal coronary arteries. Int J Cardiol 2024; 398:131631. [PMID: 38048881 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2023.131631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/06/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Coronary slow flow phenomenon (CSFP) is characterized by the delayed contrast filling of terminal vessels of coronary arteries in the presence of normal or nearly normal epicardial coronary arteries. Given that inflammation plays a role in cardiovascular disorders, including CSFP, using peripheral blood-derived compound prognostic indexes could be a feasible way to predict the presence of CSFP. Therefore, in the present study, we evaluated the association between pan-immune-inflammation value (PIV) and the CSFP. METHODS This single-center, retrospective study was composed of 612 patients aged over 18 years who underwent CAG for suspected stable ischemic heart disease. The association of clinical and laboratory parameters with the CSFP was evaluated with univariate and multivariate analyses. RESULTS The median age of the patients was 54 (IQR 46-63) and 61.3% of the patients were male. The 12.6% (84/612) of the patients had CSFP, while the coronary flow was normal in the remaining 87.4% of patients. The PIV levels had moderate success for the prediction of the CSFP (AUC: 0.675, 95% CI: 0.615-0.735, p < 0.001). In multivariate analyses, male gender (OR: 4.858, 95% CI: 2.851-8.277, p < 0.001), presence of diabetes (OR: 2.672, 95% CI: 1.396-5.113, p = 0.003), lower HDL-C values (OR: 2.120, 95% CI: 1.286-3.496, p = 0.003), and higher PIV levels (OR: 2.527, 95% CI: 1.519-4.203, p < 0.001) were associated with a higher risk of CSFP. CONCLUSION We demonstrated that a higher risk of CSFP in patients with PIV levels. If supported by prospective evidence, PIV levels could be used as a minimally invasive reflector of CSFP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suleyman Akkaya
- Department of Cardiology, Health Sciences University, Gazi Yasargil Research and Training Hospital, Diyarbakir, Turkey.
| | - Umit Cakmak
- Department of Nephrology, Health Sciences University, Gazi Yasargil Research and Training Hospital, Diyarbakir, Turkey
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Ganbaatar G, Okami Y, Kadota A, Ganbaatar N, Yano Y, Kondo K, Harada A, Okuda N, Yoshita K, Okamura T, Okayama A, Ueshima H, Miura K. Association of Pro-Inflammatory Diet with Long-Term Risk of All-Cause and Cardiovascular Disease Mortality: NIPPON DATA80. J Atheroscler Thromb 2024; 31:326-343. [PMID: 37813643 PMCID: PMC10918047 DOI: 10.5551/jat.64330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM A pro-inflammatory diet may increase the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and all-cause mortality. However, this remains inconclusive as there is yet no study using a dietary record method that has been conducted in a large general population. Furthermore, an underestimation of the pro-inflammatory diet may exist due to the unmeasured effect of salt intake. Thus, in this study, we aimed to examine how pro-inflammatory diet is associated with the long-term risk of all-cause and CVD mortality in a representative Japanese population. METHODS A national nutrition survey was conducted throughout Japan in 1980. After considering the exclusion criteria, 9284 individuals (56% women aged 30-92 years) were included in this study. In total, 20 dietary parameters derived from 3-day weighed dietary records were used to calculate the dietary inflammatory index (DII). The causes of death were monitored until 2009. The Cox proportional hazards model was used to determine multivariable-adjusted hazard ratios (HRs). Stratified analysis according to salt intake level was also performed. RESULTS Compared with the lowest quartile of DII, multivariable-adjusted HRs (95% confidence intervals) in the highest quartile were 1.28 (1.15, 1.41), 1.35 (1.14, 1.60), 1.48 (1.15, 1.92), 1.62 (1.11, 2.38), and 1.34 (1.03, 1.75) for all-cause mortality, CVD mortality, atherosclerotic CVD mortality, coronary heart disease mortality, and stroke mortality, respectively. Stratified analysis revealed stronger associations among individuals with higher salt intake. CONCLUSIONS As per our findings, a pro-inflammatory diet was determined to be positively associated with the long-term risk of all-cause and CVD mortality in a representative Japanese population. Thus, considering both salt intake and pro-inflammatory diet is deemed crucial for a comprehensive assessment of CVD risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gantsetseg Ganbaatar
- Department of Public Health, Shiga University of Medical Science, Shiga, Japan
- NCD Epidemiology Research Center (NERC), Shiga University of Medical Science, Shiga, Japan
| | - Yukiko Okami
- NCD Epidemiology Research Center (NERC), Shiga University of Medical Science, Shiga, Japan
| | - Aya Kadota
- Department of Public Health, Shiga University of Medical Science, Shiga, Japan
- NCD Epidemiology Research Center (NERC), Shiga University of Medical Science, Shiga, Japan
| | - Namuun Ganbaatar
- Department of Physical and Occupational therapy, Mongolian National University of Medical Sciences, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
| | - Yuichiro Yano
- NCD Epidemiology Research Center (NERC), Shiga University of Medical Science, Shiga, Japan
| | - Keiko Kondo
- Department of Public Health, Shiga University of Medical Science, Shiga, Japan
- NCD Epidemiology Research Center (NERC), Shiga University of Medical Science, Shiga, Japan
| | - Akiko Harada
- NCD Epidemiology Research Center (NERC), Shiga University of Medical Science, Shiga, Japan
| | - Nagako Okuda
- Department of Health Science, Kyoto Prefectural University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Katsushi Yoshita
- Department of Nutrition, Osaka Metropolitan University Graduate School of Human Life and Ecology, Osaka, Japan>
| | - Tomonori Okamura
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akira Okayama
- Research Institute of Strategy for Prevention, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hirotsugu Ueshima
- NCD Epidemiology Research Center (NERC), Shiga University of Medical Science, Shiga, Japan
| | - Katsuyuki Miura
- Department of Public Health, Shiga University of Medical Science, Shiga, Japan
- NCD Epidemiology Research Center (NERC), Shiga University of Medical Science, Shiga, Japan
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Xu C, Tsihlis G, Chau K, Trinh K, Rogers NM, Julovi SM. Novel Perspectives in Chronic Kidney Disease-Specific Cardiovascular Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2658. [PMID: 38473905 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25052658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Revised: 02/18/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) affects > 10% of the global adult population and significantly increases the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD), which remains the leading cause of death in this population. The development and progression of CVD-compared to the general population-is premature and accelerated, manifesting as coronary artery disease, heart failure, arrhythmias, and sudden cardiac death. CKD and CV disease combine to cause multimorbid cardiorenal syndrome (CRS) due to contributions from shared risk factors, including systolic hypertension, diabetes mellitus, obesity, and dyslipidemia. Additional neurohormonal activation, innate immunity, and inflammation contribute to progressive cardiac and renal deterioration, reflecting the strong bidirectional interaction between these organ systems. A shared molecular pathophysiology-including inflammation, oxidative stress, senescence, and hemodynamic fluctuations characterise all types of CRS. This review highlights the evolving paradigm and recent advances in our understanding of the molecular biology of CRS, outlining the potential for disease-specific therapies and biomarker disease detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cuicui Xu
- Kidney Injury Group, Centre for Transplant and Renal Research, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, 176 Hawkesbury Road, Westmead, NSW 2145, Australia
| | - George Tsihlis
- Renal and Transplantation Medicine, Westmead Hospital, Westmead, NSW 2145, Australia
| | - Katrina Chau
- Department of Renal Services, Blacktown Hospital, Blacktown, NSW 2148, Australia
- Blacktown Clinical School, School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Sydney, NSW 2148, Australia
| | - Katie Trinh
- Kidney Injury Group, Centre for Transplant and Renal Research, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, 176 Hawkesbury Road, Westmead, NSW 2145, Australia
- Department of Renal Services, Blacktown Hospital, Blacktown, NSW 2148, Australia
| | - Natasha M Rogers
- Kidney Injury Group, Centre for Transplant and Renal Research, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, 176 Hawkesbury Road, Westmead, NSW 2145, Australia
- Renal and Transplantation Medicine, Westmead Hospital, Westmead, NSW 2145, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Science Rd., Camperdown, NSW 2050, Australia
| | - Sohel M Julovi
- Kidney Injury Group, Centre for Transplant and Renal Research, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, 176 Hawkesbury Road, Westmead, NSW 2145, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Science Rd., Camperdown, NSW 2050, Australia
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Sabbour H, Bhatt DL, Elhenawi Y, Aljaberi A, Bennani L, Fiad T, Hasan K, Hashmani S, Hijazi RA, Khan Z, Shantouf R. A Practical Approach to the Management of Residual Cardiovascular Risk: United Arab Emirates Expert Consensus Panel on the Evidence for Icosapent Ethyl and Omega-3 Fatty Acids. Cardiovasc Drugs Ther 2024:10.1007/s10557-023-07519-z. [PMID: 38363478 DOI: 10.1007/s10557-023-07519-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/22/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Patients with hyperlipidemia treated with statins remain at a residual cardiovascular (CV) risk. Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids hold the potential to mitigate the residual CV risk in statin-treated patients, with persistently elevated triglyceride (TG) levels. METHOD We reviewed the current evidence on the use of icosapent ethyl (IPE), an omega-3 fatty acid yielding a pure form of eicosapentaenoic acid. RESULTS REDUCE-IT reported a significant 25% reduction in CV events, including the need for coronary revascularization, the risk of fatal/nonfatal myocardial infarction, stroke, hospitalization for unstable angina, and CV death in patients on IPE, unseen with other omega-3 fatty acids treatments. IPE was effective in all patients regardless of baseline CV risk enhancers (TG levels, type-2 diabetes status, weight status, prior revascularization, or renal function). Adverse events (atrial fibrillation/flutter) related to IPE have occurred mostly in patients with prior atrial fibrillation. Yet, the net clinical benefit largely exceeded potential risks. The combination with other omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, in particular DHA, eliminated the effect of EPA alone, as reported in the STRENGTH and OMEMI trials. Adding IPE to statin treatment seems to be cost-effective, especially in the context of secondary prevention of CVD, decreasing CV event frequency and subsequently the use of healthcare resources. CONCLUSION Importantly, IPE has been endorsed by 20 international medical societies as a statin add-on treatment in patients with dyslipidemia and high CV risk. Robust medical evidence supports IPE as a pillar in the management of dyslipidemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hani Sabbour
- Warren Alpert School of Medicine, Brown University, RI USA, Mediclinic Hospital, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.
| | - Deepak L Bhatt
- Mount Sinai Fuster Heart Hospital, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Yaser Elhenawi
- Heart And Vascular Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Asma Aljaberi
- Endocrine Division, Department of Medicine, Tawam Hospital, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Layal Bennani
- Medical Affairs, Biologix, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Tarek Fiad
- Centre Abu Dhabi, Sheikh Khalifa Medical City, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Khwaja Hasan
- Packer Hospital Guthrie, Sayre, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Shahrukh Hashmani
- Heart And Vascular Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Rabih A Hijazi
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Cleveland Clinic Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Zafar Khan
- Department of Cardiology, Sheikh Shakhbout Medical City, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Ronney Shantouf
- Heart And Vascular Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
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Higazi AAR, Maraga E, Baraghithy S, Udi S, Azar S, Saada A, Glaser B, Avrahami D, Abdeen S, Hamdan Z, Tam J, Fanne RA. Characterization of metabolic alterations in the lean metabolically unhealthy alpha defensin transgenic mice. iScience 2024; 27:108802. [PMID: 38318380 PMCID: PMC10839648 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.108802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Revised: 11/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Inflammation is consistently linked to dysmetabolism. In transgenic mice (Def+/+) model the neutrophilic peptide, alpha defensin, proved atherogenic. This phenotype occurred despite favorable cholesterol and glucose levels, and lower body weight and blood pressure. In this study, integration of metabolic&behavioral phenotyping system, endocrine, biochemical and mitochondrial assessment, pathological and immunohistochemical tests, and multiple challenge tests was established to explore the metabolic impact of alpha defensin. Compared to the control group, Def+/+ mice exhibited lower total energy expenditure and carbohydrate utilization, and higher fat oxidation. Their ACTH-cortisol and thyroid profiles were intact. Intriguingly, they had low levels of glucagon, with high ammonia, uric acid, triglyceride, and lactate. Mitochondrial evaluations were normal. Overall, defensin-induced hypoglucagonemia is associated with lipolysis, restricted glucose oxidation, and enhanced wasting. Def+/+ mice may be a useful model for studying the category of lean, apparently metabolically healthy, and atherosclerotic phenotype, with insight into a potential inflammatory-metabolic link.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abd Al-Roof Higazi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem 9112001, Israel
| | - Emad Maraga
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem 9112001, Israel
| | - Saja Baraghithy
- Obesity and Metabolism Laboratory, The Institute for Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9112001, Israel
| | - Shiran Udi
- Obesity and Metabolism Laboratory, The Institute for Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9112001, Israel
| | - Shahar Azar
- Obesity and Metabolism Laboratory, The Institute for Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9112001, Israel
| | - Ann Saada
- Department of Genetics, Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem, Isarel
- Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Isarel
- Department of Laboratory Sciences, Hadassah Academic College, Jerusalem, Isarel
| | - Benjamin Glaser
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Department, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem 91120, Israel
| | - Dana Avrahami
- Department of Developmental Biology and Cancer Research, The Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem 91120, Israel
| | - Suhair Abdeen
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem 9112001, Israel
| | - Zenab Hamdan
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Department, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem 91120, Israel
| | - Joseph Tam
- Obesity and Metabolism Laboratory, The Institute for Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9112001, Israel
| | - Rami Abu Fanne
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem 9112001, Israel
- Department of Cardiology, Hillel Yaffe Medical Center, Hadera, Israel
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Ji YZ, Jia LL, Liu SR. Inflammation and epigenetics of sporotrichosis disease. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2024; 154:193-198. [PMID: 36990829 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2023.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Revised: 02/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
Abstract
Sporotrichosis, a fungal disease, is caused by exposure to soil that harbors Sporothrix schenckii or through inhalation of fungal spores. Skin is the most frequently exposed organ making sporotrichosis a primarily dermal disease. Many described reports in the literature suggest a connection of sporotrichosis with cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma with some connection between initial sporotrichosis diagnosis and treatment followed by development of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma at the very site. Conversely, there is also evidence for sporotrichosis subsequent to skin cancer diagnosis, even after cancer chemotherapy, which points towards weakening of immune response by cancer chemotherapy leading to attack and infection by Sporothrix schenckii. We also propose and focus on inflammation as the connection between sporotrichosis, cancer and even the metastatic spread of cancer. Inflammation-associated IL-6, IFN-γ, natural killer cells and M2-macrophages possibly mechanistically link sporotrichosis with cancer, particularly cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma. These inflammation related factors/cells are regulated epigenetically raising the possibility of epigenetic regulation of sporotrichosis, which has not been described yet in the available literature. Clinical management of inflammation may thus be effective strategy not just against sporotrichosis but also the related onset of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma and possibly its metastasis to lymph nodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Zhi Ji
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Li-Li Jia
- Department of Dermatology, FAW General Hospital, Changchun, China
| | - Shi-Rui Liu
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China.
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Watral J, Formanowicz D, Perek B, Kostka-Jeziorny K, Podkowińska A, Tykarski A, Luczak M. Comprehensive proteomics of monocytes indicates oxidative imbalance functionally related to inflammatory response in chronic kidney disease-related atherosclerosis. Front Mol Biosci 2024; 11:1229648. [PMID: 38389898 PMCID: PMC10882078 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2024.1229648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis-induced cardiovascular events are the leading cause of mortality in chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients. Monocytes are involved in the formation of atherosclerotic plaques and mediate in the overproduction of ROS, promoting inflammation and oxidative stress. However, the relationship between monocytes, inflammation, and oxidative status in CKD-associated atherosclerosis has not been thoroughly investigated. Monocytes and plasma derived from two groups of CKD patients with varying degrees of atherosclerosis and two groups of patients with cardiovascular disease (CVD) and non-CKD atherosclerosis were analyzed. This study was designed to perform a comprehensive proteomic analysis of monocytes in combination with functional bioinformatics. In addition, a targeted investigation of oxidative stress- and inflammatory-related factors to explore CKD-associated atherosclerosis was applied. Dysregulation of proteins involved in lipid oxidation, cell survival, ROS synthesis and metabolism, and inflammatory responses has been revealed. The characteristic disturbances in the monocyte proteome changed with the progression of CKD. A closer examination of oxidative stress's triggers, mediators, and effects on protein and lipid levels showed alterations in the oxidative imbalance between CKD and CVD. CKD monocytes demonstrated a significant increase of oxidized glutathione without changing the level of its reduced form. Evaluation of enzymatic antioxidants, sources of ROS, and modifications caused by ROS also revealed significant alterations between the study groups. In CKD, inflammation and oxidative imbalance correlated and drove each other. However, in CVD, oxidative stress-related factors were associated with each other but not to inflammatory proteins. Moreover, lipid abnormalities were more specific to classical CVD and unrelated to CKD. Such a comprehensive characterization of monocytes and oxidative stress in CKD and CVD patients has never been presented so far. Obtained results support the involvement of distinct mechanisms underlying the acceleration of atherosclerotic and non-atherosclerotic CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Watral
- Department of Biomedical Proteomics, Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry Polish Academy of Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Dorota Formanowicz
- Chair and Department of Medical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Bartłomiej Perek
- Department of Cardiac Surgery and Transplantology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Kostka-Jeziorny
- Department of Hypertensiology, Angiology and Internal Medicine, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | | | - Andrzej Tykarski
- Department of Hypertensiology, Angiology and Internal Medicine, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Magdalena Luczak
- Department of Biomedical Proteomics, Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry Polish Academy of Sciences, Poznan, Poland
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Tan M, Andersen LJ, Bruun NE, Lindholm MG, Tan Q, Snoer M. Transcription Factor Regulation of Gene Expression Network by ZNF385D and HAND2 in Carotid Atherosclerosis. Genes (Basel) 2024; 15:213. [PMID: 38397203 PMCID: PMC10888454 DOI: 10.3390/genes15020213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) is a surrogate indicator for atherosclerosis and has been shown to predict cardiovascular risk in multiple large studies. Identification of molecular markers for carotid atheroma plaque formation can be critical for early intervention and prevention of atherosclerosis. This study performed transcription factor (TF) network analysis of global gene expression data focusing on two TF genes, ZNF385D and HAND2, whose polymorphisms have been recently reported to show association with CIMT. Genome-wide gene expression data were measured from pieces of carotid endarterectomy collected from 34 hypertensive patients (atheroma plaque of stages IV and above according to the Stary classification) each paired with one sample of distant macroscopically intact tissue (stages I and II). Transcriptional regulation networks or the regulons were reconstructed for ZNF385D (5644 target genes) and HAND2 (781 target genes) using network inference. Their association with the progression of carotid atheroma was examined using gene-set enrichment analysis with extremely high statistical significance for regulons of both ZNF385D and HAND2 (p < 6.95 × 10-7) suggesting the involvement of expression quantitative loci (eQTL). Functional annotation of the regulon genes found heavy involvement in the immune system's response to inflammation and infection in the development of atherosclerosis. Detailed examination of the regulation and correlation patterns suggests that activities of the two TF genes could have high clinical and interventional impacts on impairing carotid atheroma plaque formation and preventing carotid atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Tan
- Department of Cardiology, Zealand University Hospital, 4000 Roskilde, Denmark; (M.T.); (L.J.A.); (N.E.B.); (M.G.L.); (M.S.)
| | - Lars Juel Andersen
- Department of Cardiology, Zealand University Hospital, 4000 Roskilde, Denmark; (M.T.); (L.J.A.); (N.E.B.); (M.G.L.); (M.S.)
| | - Niels Eske Bruun
- Department of Cardiology, Zealand University Hospital, 4000 Roskilde, Denmark; (M.T.); (L.J.A.); (N.E.B.); (M.G.L.); (M.S.)
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Aalborg, 9260 Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Matias Greve Lindholm
- Department of Cardiology, Zealand University Hospital, 4000 Roskilde, Denmark; (M.T.); (L.J.A.); (N.E.B.); (M.G.L.); (M.S.)
| | - Qihua Tan
- Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Biodemography, Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health Science, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, 5230 Odense, Denmark
- Unit of Human Genetics, Department of Clinical Research, Faculty of Health Science, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, 5230 Odense, Denmark
| | - Martin Snoer
- Department of Cardiology, Zealand University Hospital, 4000 Roskilde, Denmark; (M.T.); (L.J.A.); (N.E.B.); (M.G.L.); (M.S.)
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Lai J, Pan Q, Chen G, Liu Y, Chen C, Pan Y, Liu L, Zeng B, Yu L, Xu Y, Tang J, Yang Y, Rao L. Triple Hybrid Cellular Nanovesicles Promote Cardiac Repair after Ischemic Reperfusion. ACS NANO 2024; 18:4443-4455. [PMID: 38193813 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c10784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
The management of myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) damage in the context of reperfusion treatment remains a significant hurdle in the field of cardiovascular disorders. The injured lesions exhibit distinctive features, including abnormal accumulation of necrotic cells and subsequent inflammatory response, which further exacerbates the impairment of cardiac function. Here, we report genetically engineered hybrid nanovesicles (hNVs), which contain cell-derived nanovesicles overexpressing high-affinity SIRPα variants (SαV-NVs), exosomes (EXOs) derived from human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), and platelet-derived nanovesicles (PLT-NVs), to facilitate the necrotic cell clearance and inhibit the inflammatory responses. Mechanistically, the presence of SαV-NVs suppresses the CD47-SIRPα interaction, leading to the promotion of the macrophage phagocytosis of dead cells, while the component of EXOs aids in alleviating inflammatory responses. Moreover, the PLT-NVs endow hNVs with the capacity to evade immune surveillance and selectively target the infarcted area. In I/R mouse models, coadministration of SαV-NVs and EXOs showed a notable synergistic effect, leading to a significant enhancement in the left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) on day 21. These findings highlight that the hNVs possess the ability to alleviate myocardial inflammation, minimize infarct size, and improve cardiac function in I/R models, offering a simple, safe, and robust strategy in boosting cardiac repair after I/R.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jialin Lai
- Institute of Biomedical Health Technology and Engineering, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen 518132, China
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Qi Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Cardiology, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100037, China
| | - Guihao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Cardiology, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100037, China
| | - Yu Liu
- Institute of Biomedical Health Technology and Engineering, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen 518132, China
- Department of Dermatovenereology, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China
| | - Cheng Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Cardiology, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100037, China
| | - Yuanwei Pan
- Institute of Biomedical Health Technology and Engineering, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen 518132, China
| | - Lujie Liu
- Institute of Biomedical Health Technology and Engineering, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen 518132, China
| | - Binglin Zeng
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Ling Yu
- Second Clinical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - Yunsheng Xu
- Department of Dermatovenereology, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China
| | - Jinyao Tang
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Yuejin Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Cardiology, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100037, China
| | - Lang Rao
- Institute of Biomedical Health Technology and Engineering, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen 518132, China
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Wang C, He J, Chen C, Luo W, Dang X, Mao L. A potential role of human esophageal cancer-related gene-4 in cardiovascular homeostasis. Gene 2024; 894:147977. [PMID: 37956966 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2023.147977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Human esophageal cancer related gene-4 (ECRG-4) encodes a 148-aminoacid pre-pro-peptide that can be processed tissue-dependently into multiple small peptides possessing multiple functions distinct from, similar to, or opposite to the tumor suppressor function of the full-length Ecrg4. Ecrg-4 is covalently bound to the cell surface through its signal peptide, colocalized with the innate immunity complex (TLR4-CD14-MD2), and functions as a 'sentinel' molecule in the maintenance of epithelium and leukocyte homeostasis, meaning that the presence of Ecrg-4 on the cell surface signals the maintained homeostasis, whereas the loss of Ecrg-4 due to tissue injury activates pro-inflammatory and tissue proliferative responses, and the level of Ecrg-4 gradually returns to its pre-injury level upon wound healing. Interestingly, Ecrg-4 is also highly expressed in the heart and its conduction system, endothelial cells, and vascular smooth muscle cells. Accumulating evidence has shown that Ecrg-4 is involved in cardiac rate/rhythm control, the development of atrial fibrillation, doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity, the ischemic response of the heart and hypoxic response in the carotid body, the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis, and likely the endemic incidence of idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy. These preliminary discoveries suggest that Ecrg-4 may function as a 'sentinel' molecule in cardiovascular system as well. Here, we briefly review the basic characteristics of ECRG-4 as a tumor suppressor gene and its regulatory functions on inflammation and apoptosis; summarize the discoveries about its distribution in cardiovascular system and involvement in the development of CVDs, and discuss its potential as a novel therapeutic target for the maintenance of cardiovascular system homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaoying Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology of Ministry of Education, Medical Electrophysiological Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Collaborative Innovation Center for Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular Disease of Sichuan Province, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Southwest Medical University, China
| | - Jianghui He
- The Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology of Ministry of Education, Medical Electrophysiological Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Collaborative Innovation Center for Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular Disease of Sichuan Province, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Southwest Medical University, China
| | - Chunyue Chen
- The Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology of Ministry of Education, Medical Electrophysiological Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Collaborative Innovation Center for Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular Disease of Sichuan Province, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Southwest Medical University, China
| | - Wenjun Luo
- The Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology of Ministry of Education, Medical Electrophysiological Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Collaborative Innovation Center for Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular Disease of Sichuan Province, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Southwest Medical University, China
| | - Xitong Dang
- The Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology of Ministry of Education, Medical Electrophysiological Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Collaborative Innovation Center for Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular Disease of Sichuan Province, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Southwest Medical University, China.
| | - Liang Mao
- The Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology of Ministry of Education, Medical Electrophysiological Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Collaborative Innovation Center for Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular Disease of Sichuan Province, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Southwest Medical University, China; Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China.
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Vassou C, Chrysohoou C, Georgousopoulou EN, Yannakoulia M, Pitsavos C, Cropley M, Panagiotakos DB. Cognitive vulnerability, anxiety, and physical well-being in relation to 10-year cardiovascular disease risk: The ATTICA epidemiological study. Appl Psychol Health Well Being 2024; 16:60-79. [PMID: 37435922 DOI: 10.1111/aphw.12469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the association between irrational beliefs and the 10-year cardiovascular disease (CVD) incidence among apparently healthy adults. The ATTICA study is a population-based, prospective cohort (2002-2012) consisting of 853 participants without evidence of CVD (453 men and 400 women) who underwent psychological evaluations. Participants completed the Irrational Beliefs Inventory (IBI, range 0-88), a self-reported measure consistent with the Ellis model of psychological disturbance. We conducted a factor analysis to develop irrational beliefs factors to evaluate the association between subcategories of irrational beliefs and CVD incidence. Demographic characteristics, detailed medical history, other psychological factors, and dietary and other lifestyle habits were also evaluated. The incidence of CVD was defined according to the International Coding Diseases (ICD)-10 criteria. The identified dominant irrational beliefs factor, "cognitive vulnerability to anxiety," consisted of demandingness, perfectionism, emotional irresponsibility, anxious overconcern, dependence on others, and overconcern for the welfare of others, was strongly associated with an increased 10-year CVD risk. Nested multi-adjusted regression analysis revealed that anxiety, as well as negative physical well-being, mediated this relationship, and subset of irrational beliefs predicted CVD risk directly and indirectly through anxiety and negative physical well-being. These findings further map the path through which irrational beliefs can contribute to CVDs and provide insights in favor of preventive healthcare.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Vassou
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Sciences and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece
| | - Christina Chrysohoou
- First Cardiology Clinic, School of Medicine, University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Ekavi N Georgousopoulou
- School of Medicine Sydney, University of Notre Dame, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Faculty of Health, University of Canberra, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Mary Yannakoulia
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Sciences and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece
| | - Christos Pitsavos
- First Cardiology Clinic, School of Medicine, University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Mark Cropley
- School of Psychology, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
| | - Demosthenes B Panagiotakos
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Sciences and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece
- Faculty of Health, University of Canberra, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
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Nkeck JR, Yondo Ndedi CJ, Mfeukeu Kuate L, Ndoumba Mintya A, Chemgne MI, Tchikapa J, Tchuisseu Kwangoua LA, Boukeu Yonta C, Zouague Zalbi C, Ntyam Abena A, Amazia F, Ama Moor VJ. Leukocyte ratios in non-diabetic hypertensive Cameroonians do not predict cardiovascular risk : preliminary results of the HYRICCA project. Ann Cardiol Angeiol (Paris) 2024; 73:101679. [PMID: 37984238 DOI: 10.1016/j.ancard.2023.101679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2023] [Revised: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Full blood count is routinely performed in the evaluation of hypertensive patients. However, usefulness of leukocyte ratios in cardiovascular risk (CVR) assessment hasn't yet been proven in Cameroonians. OBJECTIVE Evaluate the contribution of leukocyte ratios in CVR assessment of non-diabetic hypertensive adults. METHODOLOGY We carried out a cross sectional study including non-diabetic hypertensive patients followed up at the cardiology unit of the Yaoundé Central Hospital from November to June 2022. We collected relevant clinical data with a pre-established questionnaire and blood samples from each patient for different biological analyses. The spearman correlation test was used to assess on the one hand the relationship between leukocyte ratios, highly sensitive CRP and the WHO 2019 risk score as our primary end point, and on the other hand between leukocyte indices and the other risk estimators as our secondary outcome. The significant threshold level was set as 0.05. RESULTS We included 165 participants (102 females) with a mean age of 57.6 (10.4) years. The median duration of hypertension since diagnosis was 7 years and only 27% of participants on treatment had a controlled blood pressure. There was no significant correlation between leukocyte ratios and the WHO 2019 risk score. Highly sensitive CRP and the atherogenic index of plasma were significantly correlated respectively with the granulocyte to lymphocyte ratio (rho = 0.18, p = 0.03) and the eosinophil to lymphocyte ratio (rho = 0.28, p = 0.01). There exists a weak positive association between the granulocyte to lymphocyte ratio and the Reynolds risk score. CONCLUSION Leukocyte ratios are not useful for CVR assessment in hypertensive Cameroonians with respect to the WHO 2019 risk score. Prospective studies are needed to assess their usefulness in combination with conventional risk factors to improve prediction of cardiovascular events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan René Nkeck
- Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Yaoundé 1, Yaoundé, Cameroon; HYRICCA (Hypertension et Risque Cardiovasculaire des Camerounais) research team, Cameroon.
| | - Claudine Jessica Yondo Ndedi
- Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Yaoundé 1, Yaoundé, Cameroon; HYRICCA (Hypertension et Risque Cardiovasculaire des Camerounais) research team, Cameroon.
| | - Liliane Mfeukeu Kuate
- Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Yaoundé 1, Yaoundé, Cameroon; Cardiology department, Yaoundé Central Hospital, Yaoundé, Cameroon.
| | - Annick Ndoumba Mintya
- Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Yaoundé 1, Yaoundé, Cameroon; Hematology Laboratory, Yaoundé University Teaching Hospital, Yaoundé, Cameroon.
| | - Marie Ida Chemgne
- Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Yaoundé 1, Yaoundé, Cameroon; HYRICCA (Hypertension et Risque Cardiovasculaire des Camerounais) research team, Cameroon.
| | - Joachim Tchikapa
- Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Yaoundé 1, Yaoundé, Cameroon; HYRICCA (Hypertension et Risque Cardiovasculaire des Camerounais) research team, Cameroon.
| | - Larissa Ange Tchuisseu Kwangoua
- Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Yaoundé 1, Yaoundé, Cameroon; HYRICCA (Hypertension et Risque Cardiovasculaire des Camerounais) research team, Cameroon; Human Genetics and Genomic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom.
| | - Charelle Boukeu Yonta
- Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Yaoundé 1, Yaoundé, Cameroon; HYRICCA (Hypertension et Risque Cardiovasculaire des Camerounais) research team, Cameroon.
| | - Corine Zouague Zalbi
- Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Yaoundé 1, Yaoundé, Cameroon; HYRICCA (Hypertension et Risque Cardiovasculaire des Camerounais) research team, Cameroon.
| | - Andrée Ntyam Abena
- Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Yaoundé 1, Yaoundé, Cameroon; HYRICCA (Hypertension et Risque Cardiovasculaire des Camerounais) research team, Cameroon.
| | - Falmata Amazia
- Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Yaoundé 1, Yaoundé, Cameroon; HYRICCA (Hypertension et Risque Cardiovasculaire des Camerounais) research team, Cameroon.
| | - Vicky Jocelyne Ama Moor
- Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Yaoundé 1, Yaoundé, Cameroon; HYRICCA (Hypertension et Risque Cardiovasculaire des Camerounais) research team, Cameroon; Biochemistry Laboratory of the Yaoundé University Teaching Hospital, Yaoundé, Cameroon.
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Zaręba W, Krawiec P, Banaszkiewicz M, Batko K, Gołąb A, Plicner D, Żuber Z, Batko B. Newly developed cardiovascular risk factors in rheumatoid arthritis patients initiating biologic treatment. Reumatologia 2024; 61:424-431. [PMID: 38322099 PMCID: PMC10839918 DOI: 10.5114/reum/176554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a risk factor (RF) for cardiovascular (CV) disease, a leading cause of mortality in RA patients. Material and methods Consecutive records of RA patients with high disease activity screened upon biologic therapy initiation were reviewed between January 2001 and 2018. Patients with at least 6-month follow-up and baseline disease activity scores were enrolled (n = 353) and stratified into manifest CV disorder ("overt CVD"), any traditional CV risk factor ("atCVrisk") and no CV risk factor ("vlCVrisk") groups. Results Overall, mean (SD) patient age was 51.4 (±12.2) years, and 291 (82.4%) subjects were female. Median follow-up was 41.9 (IQR 18.6, 80) months. Overall, 89 (25.2%) individuals developed at least one new CV RF, of which 65 (18.4%) acquired one and 24 (6.8%) two or more. Incident lipid disorders (42, 11.9%), followed by hypertension (14, 4%), atrial fibrillation (17, 4.8%) and venous thromboembolism (VTE) (16, 4.5%), were common. Incident major adverse cardiac events (MACE) were not reported in the vlCVrisk group, in contrast to atCVrisk (n = 8, 4.2%) or overt CVD (n = 4, 18.2%). Age was a significant predictor of incident CV risk factor (HR 1.04, 95% CI: 1.02-1.07; p < 0.01). In age-adjusted analyses, only baseline body mass index (BMI) (HR 1.11, 95% CI: 1.04-1.18; p < 0.01), but not ever smoking (p = 0.93), male sex (p = 0.26), positive RF (p = 0.24), positive ACPA (p = 0.90), or baseline disease activity (p = 0.19), were independent predictor of incident CV risk factors. Conclusions Patients with RA initiating biologics should be screened for cardiometabolic risk factors, especially at an older age. The presence of at least one risk factor may be linked to a worse long-term prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wojciech Zaręba
- Department of Cardiology, Jozef Dietl Specialist Hospital, Krakow, Poland
| | - Piotr Krawiec
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Andrzej Frycz Modrzewski University, Krakow, Poland
- Department of Research and Development, Medicine Economy Law Science Foundation (MELS), Krakow, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Banaszkiewicz
- Department of Nephrology and Transplantology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Batko
- Department of Research and Development, Medicine Economy Law Science Foundation (MELS), Krakow, Poland
- Department of Nephrology and Transplantology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Gołąb
- Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Poland
| | - Dariusz Plicner
- Unit of Experimental Cardiology and Cardiac Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Andrzej Frycz Modrzewski University, Krakow, Poland
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery and Transplantation, John Paul II Hospital, Krakow, Poland
| | - Zbigniew Żuber
- Department of Research and Development, Medicine Economy Law Science Foundation (MELS), Krakow, Poland
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Andrzej Frycz Modrzewski University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Bogdan Batko
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Andrzej Frycz Modrzewski University, Krakow, Poland
- Department of Research and Development, Medicine Economy Law Science Foundation (MELS), Krakow, Poland
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Georgoulis M, Damigou E, Chrysohoou C, Barkas F, Anastasiou G, Kravvariti E, Tsioufis C, Liberopoulos E, Sfikakis PP, Pitsavos C, Panagiotakos DB. Mediterranean diet trajectories and 20-year incidence of cardiovascular disease: The ATTICA cohort study (2002-2022). Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2024; 34:153-166. [PMID: 38007352 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2023.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2023] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Only few studies have assessed longitudinal dietary trends in relation to cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. We aimed to evaluate the association between adherence to the Mediterranean diet, both baseline and longitudinal, and 20-year CVD incidence. METHODS AND RESULTS This was a prospective study among 1988 Greek adults (50% men, age: 45 ± 14years). Adherence to the Mediterranean diet was evaluated at baseline and 10 years through the MedDietScore, based on which longitudinal Mediterranean diet trajectories were identified. CVD incidence was recorded at 20 years. Each one-unit increase in baseline MedDietScore was associated with an 8% reduction in 20-year CVD incidence. Compared to subjects in the lowest tertile of baseline MedDietScore, those in the highest exhibited a 44% lower 20-year CVD risk (relative risk: 0.56, 95% confidence interval: 0.32, 0.97) adjusted for age, sex, baseline body mass index, smoking, physical activity, presence of hypercholesterolemia, hypertension and diabetes mellitus, and family history of CVD; further adjustment for high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, uric acid and estimated glomerular filtration rate attenuated this association. Results were similar in models adjusted for longitudinal changes in body weight, physical activity and smoking, and 10-year medical status. Mediterranean diet trajectory analysis revealed that 24.7%, 8.6%, 45.8% and 20.9% of participants longitudinally sustained a low adherence, moved closer, moved away or sustained a high adherence, respectively; among those, the corresponding CVD incidence was 63.3%, 65.5%, 28.1% and 9.4% (p-value<0.001). CONCLUSION The Mediterranean diet offers long-term protection against CVD, part of which is mediated by inflammation, uricemia and renal function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Georgoulis
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Sciences and Education, Harokopio University of Athens, 17676 Athens, Greece
| | - Evangelia Damigou
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Sciences and Education, Harokopio University of Athens, 17676 Athens, Greece
| | - Christina Chrysohoou
- First Cardiology Clinic, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Hippokration Hospital, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Fotios Barkas
- First Department of Propaedeutic Internal Medicine, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Laiko General Hospital, 15772 Athens, Greece
| | - Georgia Anastasiou
- First Department of Propaedeutic Internal Medicine, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Laiko General Hospital, 15772 Athens, Greece
| | - Evridiki Kravvariti
- First Department of Propaedeutic Internal Medicine, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Laiko General Hospital, 15772 Athens, Greece
| | - Costas Tsioufis
- First Cardiology Clinic, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Hippokration Hospital, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Evangelos Liberopoulos
- First Department of Propaedeutic Internal Medicine, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Laiko General Hospital, 15772 Athens, Greece
| | - Petros P Sfikakis
- First Department of Propaedeutic Internal Medicine, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Laiko General Hospital, 15772 Athens, Greece
| | - Christos Pitsavos
- First Cardiology Clinic, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Hippokration Hospital, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Demosthenes B Panagiotakos
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Sciences and Education, Harokopio University of Athens, 17676 Athens, Greece.
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Georgoulis M, Damigou E, Chrysohoou C, Barkas F, Kravvariti E, Tsioufis C, Pitsavos C, Liberopoulos E, Sfikakis PP, Panagiotakos DB. Increased body weight and central adiposity markers are positively associated with the 20-year incidence of cardiovascular disease: The ATTICA epidemiological study (2002-2022). Nutr Res 2024; 121:1-15. [PMID: 37995411 DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2023.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
Increased adiposity predisposes to cardiovascular disease (CVD). We hypothesized that the presence of obesity would be positively associated with CVD risk, and that the co-presence of central obesity would modify/enhance this association. This was a prospective study (2002-2022) among 1845 Greek adults (mean age, 44.8 ± 13.5 years; men, 49.8%). At baseline, the presence of overweight/obesity was assessed via body mass index (BMI), whereas central obesity was defined as waist circumference ≥102/88 cm, waist-to-hip-ratio ≥0.95/0.80, or waist-to-height-ratio ≥0.50 in men/women. BMI was reevaluated at 10 years and longitudinal BMI trajectories (2002-2012) were identified. CVD incidence was recorded at 20 years (ratio of new cases to the number of participants assessed). Compared with participants with normal weight at baseline, those with obesity exhibited a 27% higher 20-year CVD risk after adjustment for age, sex, lifestyle habits, and medical status (hazard ratio, 1.271; 95% confidence interval, 1.012-1.597). In similar multiadjusted models, compared with participants who were always non-overweight/obese, those who were always overweight/obese exhibited a 40% higher 20-year CVD risk (hazard ratio, 1.403; 95% confidence interval, 1.018-1.936). Additional control for high-sensitivity C-reactive protein attenuated the associations. In the combined baseline body weight classification analysis, CVD incidence was the lowest in participants with normal weight without central obesity, moderate in those with overweight/obesity without central obesity, and highest in those with normal weight and central obesity and overweight/obesity and central obesity (P < .001). Obesity leads to increased CVD risk, partly mediated by inflammation. The combination of BMI with simple measures of abdominal adiposity is superior for CVD risk screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Georgoulis
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Sciences and Education, Harokopio University of Athens, 17676 Athens, Greece
| | - Evangelia Damigou
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Sciences and Education, Harokopio University of Athens, 17676 Athens, Greece
| | - Christina Chrysohoou
- First Cardiology Clinic, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Hippokration Hospital, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Fotios Barkas
- Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Evrydiki Kravvariti
- First Department of Propaedeutic Internal Medicine, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Laiko General Hospital, 15772, Athens, Greece
| | - Costas Tsioufis
- First Cardiology Clinic, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Hippokration Hospital, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Christos Pitsavos
- First Cardiology Clinic, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Hippokration Hospital, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Evangelos Liberopoulos
- First Department of Propaedeutic Internal Medicine, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Laiko General Hospital, 15772, Athens, Greece
| | - Petros P Sfikakis
- First Department of Propaedeutic Internal Medicine, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Laiko General Hospital, 15772, Athens, Greece
| | - Demosthenes B Panagiotakos
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Sciences and Education, Harokopio University of Athens, 17676 Athens, Greece.
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Liu R, Guo Y, Yu J, Wei X, Zhou F, Yuan X, Cai L, Yu C. Protective effect of N-(E)-p-coumaroyltyrosine on LPS-induced acute inflammatory injury and signaling pathway analysis. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2024; 144:109242. [PMID: 37995893 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2023.109242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2023] [Revised: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
N-trans-p-coumaroyltyrosine (N-(E)-p-coumaroyltyrosine, NPCT), extracted and purified from Abri Mollis Herba, is an amino acid amide. The defense mechanism of NPCT against inflammatory response is still unknown. In this study, lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced zebrafish acute inflammatory injury model was established to observe the inhibitory effect of NPCT on the aggregation of inflammatory cells in the yolk sac of zebrafish, as well as the inhibitory effect of NPCT on inflammatory and gas signaling factors. Results show that NPCT could inhibit inflammatory cell infiltration in zebrafish yolk sac, the migration and aggregation of macrophages and neutrophils to the site of inflammation, and the release of Nitric Oxide (NO) and Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) in zebrafish, indicating that NPCT could substantially significantly prevent the development of LPS-induced acute systemic inflammation. In addition, the analysis results of RNA-seq showed that in the model group versus the administered group, the differentially expressed genes were mainly enriched to inflammatory signaling pathways, such as the NOD-like receptor signaling pathway and Toll-like receptor signaling pathway, which were down-regulated in the administered group. The TLR4, MyD88, IRAK4, NF-κB, IκB, NLRP3, Caspase-1, ASC, IL-1β, and IL-6 genes were significantly different in the transcripts, and the overall trend of the qPCR results was consistent with the transcriptome sequencing results. Therefore, NPCT had a significant inhibitory effect on LPS-induced acute inflammatory injury in zebrafish, and its anti-inflammatory mechanism may be through the regulation of key genes on the NOD-like receptor signaling pathway and Toll-like receptor signaling pathway, thereby affecting the release of relevant inflammatory cytokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roujia Liu
- Centre for Drug Research and Development, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Delivery Systems, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University; Guangdong Engineering & Technology Research Center of Topical Precise Drug Delivery System, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, East Waihuan Road 280, Guangzhou, PR China; Center of Human Microecology Engineering and Technology of Guangdong Province, Guangdong Longsee Biomedical Corporation, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Yuhai Guo
- Department of Orthopedics, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, PR China
| | | | - Xinru Wei
- Centre for Drug Research and Development, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Delivery Systems, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University; Guangdong Engineering & Technology Research Center of Topical Precise Drug Delivery System, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, East Waihuan Road 280, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Feirong Zhou
- Centre for Drug Research and Development, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Delivery Systems, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University; Guangdong Engineering & Technology Research Center of Topical Precise Drug Delivery System, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, East Waihuan Road 280, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Xujiang Yuan
- Centre for Drug Research and Development, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Delivery Systems, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University; Guangdong Engineering & Technology Research Center of Topical Precise Drug Delivery System, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, East Waihuan Road 280, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Lei Cai
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Laboratory Animals, Guangdong Laboratory Animals Monitoring Institute, Guangzhou, PR China.
| | - Chuqin Yu
- Centre for Drug Research and Development, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Delivery Systems, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University; Guangdong Engineering & Technology Research Center of Topical Precise Drug Delivery System, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, East Waihuan Road 280, Guangzhou, PR China.
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Macrì F, Vigorito I, Castiglione S, Faggiano S, Casaburo M, Fanotti N, Piacentini L, Vigetti D, Vinci MC, Raucci A. High Phosphate-Induced JAK-STAT Signalling Sustains Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Inflammation and Limits Calcification. Biomolecules 2023; 14:29. [PMID: 38254629 PMCID: PMC10813375 DOI: 10.3390/biom14010029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Vascular calcification (VC) is an age-related complication characterised by calcium-phosphate deposition in the arterial wall driven by the osteogenic transformation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). The JAK-STAT pathway is an emerging target in inflammation. Considering the relationship between VC and inflammation, we investigated the role of JAK-STAT signalling during VSMC calcification. Human aortic smooth muscle cells (HASMCs) were cultured in high-inorganic phosphate (Pi) medium for up to 7 days; calcium deposition was determined via Alizarin staining and colorimetric assay. Inflammatory factor secretion was evaluated via ELISA and JAK-STAT members' activation using Western blot or immunohistochemistry on HASMCs or calcified aortas of Vitamin D-treated C57BL6/J mice, respectively. The JAK-STAT pathway was blocked by JAK Inhibitor I and Von Kossa staining was used for calcium deposits in murine aortic rings. During Pi-induced calcification, HASMCs released IL-6, IL-8, and MCP-1 and activated JAK1-JAK3 proteins and STAT1. Phospho-STAT1 was detected in murine calcified aortas. Blocking of the JAK-STAT cascade reduced HASMC proliferation and pro-inflammatory factor expression and release while increasing calcium deposition and osteogenic transcription factor RUNX2 expression. Consistently, JAK-STAT pathway inhibition exacerbates mouse aortic ring calcification ex vivo. Intriguingly, our results suggest an alternative link between VSMC inflammation and VC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Macrì
- Unit of Experimental Cardio-Oncology and Cardiovascular Aging, Centro Cardiologico Monzino-IRCCS, 20138 Milan, Italy; (F.M.); (I.V.); (S.C.); (S.F.)
| | - Ilaria Vigorito
- Unit of Experimental Cardio-Oncology and Cardiovascular Aging, Centro Cardiologico Monzino-IRCCS, 20138 Milan, Italy; (F.M.); (I.V.); (S.C.); (S.F.)
| | - Stefania Castiglione
- Unit of Experimental Cardio-Oncology and Cardiovascular Aging, Centro Cardiologico Monzino-IRCCS, 20138 Milan, Italy; (F.M.); (I.V.); (S.C.); (S.F.)
| | - Stefano Faggiano
- Unit of Experimental Cardio-Oncology and Cardiovascular Aging, Centro Cardiologico Monzino-IRCCS, 20138 Milan, Italy; (F.M.); (I.V.); (S.C.); (S.F.)
| | - Manuel Casaburo
- Animal Facility, Centro Cardiologico Monzino-IRCCS, 20138 Milan, Italy; (M.C.); (N.F.)
| | - Nadia Fanotti
- Animal Facility, Centro Cardiologico Monzino-IRCCS, 20138 Milan, Italy; (M.C.); (N.F.)
| | - Luca Piacentini
- Bioinformatics and Artificial Intelligence Facility, Centro Cardiologico Monzino-IRCCS, 20138 Milan, Italy;
| | - Davide Vigetti
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, 21100 Varese, Italy;
| | - Maria Cristina Vinci
- Vascular Biology and Regenerative Medicine Unit, Centro Cardiologico Monzino-IRCCS, 20138 Milan, Italy;
| | - Angela Raucci
- Unit of Experimental Cardio-Oncology and Cardiovascular Aging, Centro Cardiologico Monzino-IRCCS, 20138 Milan, Italy; (F.M.); (I.V.); (S.C.); (S.F.)
- Animal Facility, Centro Cardiologico Monzino-IRCCS, 20138 Milan, Italy; (M.C.); (N.F.)
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Zhang J, Xiao X, Han T, Liu Y, Shuai P. Relationship between immune nutrition index and all-cause and cause-specific mortality in U.S. adults with chronic kidney disease. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1264618. [PMID: 38156280 PMCID: PMC10752924 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1264618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective The available evidence regarding the association of immune nutrition status with chronic kidney disease (CKD) is limited. Thus, the present study examined whether immunonutrition indices were associated with renal function and mortality among CKD individuals. Research design and methods This study enrolled 6,099 U.S. adults with CKD from the NHANES 2005-2018 database. Participants were matched with National Death Index records until 31 December 2019 to determine mortality outcomes. The time-dependent receiver operating characteristic was utilized to identify the most effective index among the prognostic nutritional index (PNI), system inflammation score (SIS), Naples prognostic score (NPS), and controlling nutritional status (CONUT) for predicting mortality. Cox regression models were employed to evaluate the associations of immunonutrition indices with mortality in participants with CKD. Results The PNI exhibited the strongest predictive power among the four indices evaluated and the restricted cubic spline analysis revealed a cutoff value of 51 for the PNI in predicting mortality. During a median follow-up of 72 months (39-115 months), a total of 1,762 (weighted 24.26%) CKD participants died from all causes. The Kaplan-Meier curve demonstrated a reduced risk of death for the subjects with a higher PNI compared to those in the lower group. Besides, after adjusting for multiple potential confounders, a higher PNI remained an independent predictor for lower risks of all-cause mortality (HR 0.80, 95%CI: 0.71-0.91, p < 0.001) and cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality (HR 0.69, 95%CI: 0.55-0.88, p = 0.002) in individuals with CKD. Conclusion In CKD, a higher PNI level was significantly associated with lower mortality from all causes and CVD. Thus, the clinical utility of this immunonutrition indicator may facilitate risk stratification and prevent premature death among patients with CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junlin Zhang
- Department of Health Management and Institute of Health Management, Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
- Department of Nephrology, The Third People’s Hospital of Chengdu, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiang Xiao
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
| | - Tianzhao Han
- Department of Nephrology, The Third People’s Hospital of Chengdu, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuping Liu
- Department of Health Management and Institute of Health Management, Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Ping Shuai
- Department of Health Management and Institute of Health Management, Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
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46
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Zhang K, Loong SSE, Yuen LZH, Venketasubramanian N, Chin HL, Lai PS, Tan BYQ. Genetics in Ischemic Stroke: Current Perspectives and Future Directions. J Cardiovasc Dev Dis 2023; 10:495. [PMID: 38132662 PMCID: PMC10743455 DOI: 10.3390/jcdd10120495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Ischemic stroke is a heterogeneous condition influenced by a combination of genetic and environmental factors. Recent advancements have explored genetics in relation to various aspects of ischemic stroke, including the alteration of individual stroke occurrence risk, modulation of treatment response, and effectiveness of post-stroke functional recovery. This article aims to review the recent findings from genetic studies related to various clinical and molecular aspects of ischemic stroke. The potential clinical applications of these genetic insights in stratifying stroke risk, guiding personalized therapy, and identifying new therapeutic targets are discussed herein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ka Zhang
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, National University Hospital, Singapore 119074, Singapore;
| | - Shaun S. E. Loong
- Cardiovascular-Metabolic Translational Research Program, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119077, Singapore;
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119077, Singapore
| | - Linus Z. H. Yuen
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119077, Singapore
| | | | - Hui-Lin Chin
- Khoo Teck Puat National University Children’s Medical Institute, National University Hospital, Singapore 119074, Singapore;
| | - Poh San Lai
- Department of Paediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119077, Singapore;
| | - Benjamin Y. Q. Tan
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, National University Hospital, Singapore 119074, Singapore;
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119077, Singapore
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47
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Wang T, Liu X, Zhu Y, Zhang Y, Zhang Z, Huang G, Xu J. Antithrombotic strategy in cancer patients comorbid with acute coronary syndrome and atrial fibrillation. Front Cardiovasc Med 2023; 10:1325488. [PMID: 38162143 PMCID: PMC10756915 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2023.1325488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
It has been shown that patients with cancer have a longer expected life duration, benefiting from advanced medical therapy. Meanwhile, the risk of suffering from cardiovascular disease (CVD) has been increasing with ageing. A growing number of studies have elucidated the association between cancer and CVD. Cancer, atrial fibrillation (AF) and coronary artery disease share some common factors and interact with each other, such as obesity, aging, diabetes, and inflammation, but the potential specific mechanism is still unclear. In addition, cancer-specific and therapy-related factors may increase the risk of embolism and bleeding in patients with cancer than in general population. However, current available embolic and bleeding risk scores applied in patients with CVD may not be applicable for risk assessment in cancer patients, which would be difficult for clinicians to select an appropriate antithrombotic regimen and ensure the balance between bleeding and embolism. Moreover, different types of cancer have distinct risks, which may increase the complexity of antithrombotic therapy. In this review, we review the literature related to cancer, AF, and acute coronary syndrome, focusing on the epidemiological status, physiological mechanism, embolism and bleeding risks, and strategies of antithrombotic therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianbo Wang
- Department of Cardiology, The Third People’s Hospital of Chengdu, Chengdu, China
- Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Jiaotong University, College of Medicine, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaohan Liu
- Department of Cardiology, The Third People’s Hospital of Chengdu, Chengdu, China
- Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Jiaotong University, College of Medicine, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuxin Zhu
- Department of Cardiology, The Third People’s Hospital of Chengdu, Chengdu, China
- Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Jiaotong University, College of Medicine, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, The Third People’s Hospital of Chengdu, Chengdu, China
- Cardiovascular Disease Research Institute of Chengdu, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhen Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, The Third People’s Hospital of Chengdu, Chengdu, China
- Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Jiaotong University, College of Medicine, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China
- Cardiovascular Disease Research Institute of Chengdu, Chengdu, China
| | - Gang Huang
- Department of Cardiology, The Third People’s Hospital of Chengdu, Chengdu, China
- Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Jiaotong University, College of Medicine, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China
- Cardiovascular Disease Research Institute of Chengdu, Chengdu, China
| | - Junbo Xu
- Department of Cardiology, The Third People’s Hospital of Chengdu, Chengdu, China
- Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Jiaotong University, College of Medicine, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China
- Cardiovascular Disease Research Institute of Chengdu, Chengdu, China
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Hu JR, Abdullah A, Nanna MG, Soufer R. The Brain-Heart Axis: Neuroinflammatory Interactions in Cardiovascular Disease. Curr Cardiol Rep 2023; 25:1745-1758. [PMID: 37994952 PMCID: PMC10908342 DOI: 10.1007/s11886-023-01990-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The role of neuroimmune modulation and inflammation in cardiovascular disease has been historically underappreciated. Physiological connections between the heart and brain, termed the heart-brain axis (HBA), are bidirectional, occur through a complex network of autonomic nerves/hormones and cytokines, and play important roles in common disorders. RECENT FINDINGS At the molecular level, advances in the past two decades reveal complex crosstalk mediated by the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems, the renin-angiotensin aldosterone and hypothalamus-pituitary axes, microRNA, and cytokines. Afferent pathways amplify proinflammatory signals via the hypothalamus and brainstem to the periphery, promoting neurogenic inflammation. At the organ level, while stress-mediated cardiomyopathy is the prototypical disorder of the HBA, cardiac dysfunction can result from a myriad of neurologic insults including stroke and spinal injury. Atrial fibrillation is not necessarily a causative factor for cardioembolic stroke, but a manifestation of an abnormal atrial substrate, which can lead to the development of stroke independent of AF. Central and peripheral neurogenic proinflammatory factors have major roles in the HBA, manifesting as complex bi-directional relationships in common conditions such as stroke, arrhythmia, and cardiomyopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiun-Ruey Hu
- Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, 789 Howard Ave, New Haven, CT, 06519, USA
| | - Ahmed Abdullah
- Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, 789 Howard Ave, New Haven, CT, 06519, USA
| | - Michael G Nanna
- Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, 789 Howard Ave, New Haven, CT, 06519, USA
| | - Robert Soufer
- Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, 789 Howard Ave, New Haven, CT, 06519, USA.
- VA Connecticut Healthcare System, 950 Campbell Ave, -111B, West Haven, CT, 06516, USA.
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Russo MA, Garaci E, Frustaci A, Fini M, Costantini C, Oikonomou V, Nunzi E, Puccetti P, Romani L. Host-microbe tryptophan partitioning in cardiovascular diseases. Pharmacol Res 2023; 198:106994. [PMID: 37972721 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2023.106994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
The functional interdependencies between the molecular components of a biological process demand for a network medicine platform that integrates systems biology and network science, to explore the interactions among biological components in health and disease. Access to large-scale omics datasets (genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, metabolomics, metagenomics, phenomics, etc.) has significantly advanced our opportunity along this direction. Studies utilizing these techniques have begun to provide us with a deeper understanding of how the interaction between the intestinal microbes and their host affects the cardiovascular system in health and disease. Within the framework of a multiomics network approach, we highlight here how tryptophan metabolism may orchestrate the host-microbes interaction in cardiovascular diseases and the implications for precision medicine and therapeutics, including nutritional interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Antonio Russo
- University San Raffaele and Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) San Raffaele, 00166 Rome, Italy
| | - Enrico Garaci
- University San Raffaele and Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) San Raffaele, 00166 Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Frustaci
- University San Raffaele and Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) San Raffaele, 00166 Rome, Italy
| | - Massimo Fini
- University San Raffaele and Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) San Raffaele, 00166 Rome, Italy
| | - Claudio Costantini
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, 06132 Perugia, Italy
| | - Vasileios Oikonomou
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, 06132 Perugia, Italy
| | - Emilia Nunzi
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, 06132 Perugia, Italy
| | - Paolo Puccetti
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, 06132 Perugia, Italy
| | - Luigina Romani
- University San Raffaele and Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) San Raffaele, 00166 Rome, Italy; Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, 06132 Perugia, Italy.
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50
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Raadsen R, Hansildaar R, Pouw LC, Hooijberg F, Boekel L, Wolbink GJ, van Kuijk AWR, Nurmohamed MT. Cardiovascular disease risk in patients with inflammatory arthritis nowadays still substantially elevated. RMD Open 2023; 9:e003485. [PMID: 38053460 DOI: 10.1136/rmdopen-2023-003485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aims to assess current cardiovascular disease risk and prevalence of risk factors in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), psoriatic arthritis (PsA) and axial spondyloarthritis (SpA). METHODS 2050 consecutive patients with inflammatory arthritis (IA) and 939 controls were included, with 1308 patients with RA, 356 patients with PsA and 386 patients with SpA. In a prospective cohort setting, questionnaires regarding previous cardiovascular events and risk factors were used to assess cardiovascular risk and prevalence in patients with IA by calculating ORs using logistic regression models. RESULTS 'Traditional' cardiovascular (CV) risk factors were significantly elevated in patients with IA compared with controls. Cardiovascular disease (CVD) ORs were increased in patients with RA and PsA compared with controls, 1.61 (95% CI: 1.04 to 2.48) and 2.12 (95% CI: 1.23 to 3.66), respectively, and a trend towards increased odds was observed in patients with SpA (OR 1.43; 95% CI: 0.79 to 2.59). After adjusting for traditional risk factors, CV risk was not increased in patients with RA (OR; 0.95, 95% CI: 0.58 to 1.55), PsA (OR 1.19; 95% CI: 0.64 to 2.22) and SpA (OR; 0.91, 95% CI: 0.47 to 1.77). CONCLUSION CVD is currently still more prevalent in patients with IA compared with healthy controls and, more importantly, this elevated risk is highly influenced by an increased prevalence of 'traditional' CV risk factors. More attention to, as well as improvements in, identification and treatment of 'traditional' risk factors, need to be made for not only RA, but other IA conditions as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reinder Raadsen
- Amsterdam Rheumatology and Immunology Center, Amsterdam, Noord-Holland, The Netherlands
| | - Romy Hansildaar
- Amsterdam Rheumatology and Immunology Center, Amsterdam, Noord-Holland, The Netherlands
| | - Lianne C Pouw
- Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam Faculteit der Betawetenschappen, Amsterdam, Noord-Holland, The Netherlands
| | - Femke Hooijberg
- Amsterdam Rheumatology and Immunology Center, Amsterdam, Noord-Holland, The Netherlands
| | - Laura Boekel
- Amsterdam Rheumatology and Immunology Center, Amsterdam, Noord-Holland, The Netherlands
| | - Gerrit Jan Wolbink
- Amsterdam Rheumatology and Immunology Center, Amsterdam, Noord-Holland, The Netherlands
| | - Arno W R van Kuijk
- Amsterdam Rheumatology and Immunology Center, Amsterdam, Noord-Holland, The Netherlands
| | - Michael T Nurmohamed
- Amsterdam Rheumatology and Immunology Center, Amsterdam, Noord-Holland, The Netherlands
- Department of Rheumatology, Amsterdam UMC Location VUmc, Amsterdam, Noord-Holland, The Netherlands
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