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Senevirathne CP, Katulanda P, de Silva P, Prashadika D, Senarathne L, Fernando M. Exploring the relationship between the food environment and preferences among schoolchildren in a low socioeconomic community in Sri Lanka: A GIS-based assessment. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0291893. [PMID: 39137225 PMCID: PMC11321566 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0291893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 08/15/2024] Open
Abstract
The food environment in school neighborhoods plays a crucial role in manipulating the food choices of schoolchildren. This study investigated the relationship between the food environment in neighborhoods and the dietary practices of government school students in a low socioeconomic setting in Sri Lanka. This cross-sectional study surveyed the neighborhood food environment of selected schools (n = 30) in the Monaragala District, Sri Lanka, using geographical information system (GIS) data and collected dietary information from a representative sample of schoolchildren (n = 603). Chi-square and Spearman correlation tests were performed using SPSS version 23.0 to estimate the associations between the food environment and BMI, while ArcGIS 10.4.1 was used to analyze the GIS data. The majority of the students (35.5%) were 15 years old, and approximately 51% were females. The mean BMI of the study participants was 18.14 (±3.28). More than 90% of outlets within proximity sold unhealthy foods. Consumption of confectionaries was 72.3% of the students, whereas healthy food choices ranged from 5% to 12%. A positive correlation between consuming unhealthy food and distance to outlets from school was observed (p<0.05). The risk of consuming low-nutrition food doubled (OR = 2.47, 95% CI: 1.52-3.89) among the students studying in schools where a larger proportion of energy-dense food was sold in closer proximity. In conclusion, the density and proximity of outlets that sell food with low nutrients in the school neighborhood environment were positively associated with students' unhealthy food item choices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chamil Priyanka Senevirathne
- Department of Health Promotion, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Rajarata University of Sri Lanka, Anuradhapura, Sri Lanka
| | - Prasad Katulanda
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Colombo, Colombo, Sri Lanka
| | - Padmal de Silva
- Department of Statistics, National Institute of Health Sciences, Kaluthara, Sri Lanka
| | - Dilini Prashadika
- Department of Computing Sciences, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Rajarata University of Sri Lanka, Anuradhapura, Sri Lanka
| | - Lalith Senarathne
- Department of Health Promotion, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Rajarata University of Sri Lanka, Anuradhapura, Sri Lanka
| | - Manoj Fernando
- Department of Health Promotion, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Rajarata University of Sri Lanka, Anuradhapura, Sri Lanka
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2
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Thomas TW, Cankurt M. Influence of Food Environments on Dietary Habits: Insights from a Quasi-Experimental Research. Foods 2024; 13:2013. [PMID: 38998519 PMCID: PMC11241560 DOI: 10.3390/foods13132013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2024] [Revised: 06/16/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Nutrition is a vital factor that exerts a profound and direct impact on health. Food environments significantly influence individuals' dietary behaviors, health outcomes, and overall food security. Individuals in food deserts and food swamps do not have access to healthier food options. And in both cases, the emphasis is primarily on the physical configuration of the environment as it relates to food availability. This quasi-experimental study aims to investigate the impact of two different food environments (defined to include a social component) on food choices. A total of 246 participants were surveyed by telephone, half of whom were primed with Scenario A (a food environment deficient in healthy options and cues that support and reinforce healthier choices) and half were primed with Scenario B (an environment with an abundance of healthy food options and cues that support and reinforce healthy eating). Ordered logit regression was used for analysis. The results show significant differences in likely food consumption between the groups. Individuals in Scenario B were found to be 4.48 times more likely to consume fruits and vegetables. In addition, it was determined that being a woman increases the probability of consuming more fruits and vegetables by 0.92 times (1/0.52-1), and adherence to a healthy diet increases by 3.64 times. Age and race were not significant predictors. This study highlights the crucial role of environmental factors in shaping dietary habits and underscores the importance of the social components of the food environment in promoting the adoption of healthier dietary habits. Based on these findings, policymakers should prioritize developing strategies that go beyond providing physical access and consider social aspects of the environment in promoting healthy eating habits to improve public health and bolster the food security of communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Terrence W Thomas
- Department of Agribusiness, Applied Economics and Agriscience Education, North Carolina A&T State University, Greensboro, NC 27411, USA
| | - Murat Cankurt
- Department of Agribusiness, Applied Economics and Agriscience Education, North Carolina A&T State University, Greensboro, NC 27411, USA
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3
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Alba C, An R. Using Mobile Phone Data to Assess Socio-Economic Disparities in Unhealthy Food Reliance during the COVID-19 Pandemic. HEALTH DATA SCIENCE 2023; 3:0101. [PMID: 38487207 PMCID: PMC10904071 DOI: 10.34133/hds.0101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
Background: Although COVID-19 has disproportionately affected socio-economically vulnerable populations, research on its impact on socio-economic disparities in unhealthy food reliance remains scarce. Methods: This study uses mobile phone data to evaluate the impact of COVID-19 on socio-economic disparities in reliance on convenience stores and fast food. Reliance is defined in terms of the proportion of visits to convenience stores out of the total visits to both convenience and grocery stores, and the proportion of visits to fast food restaurants out of the total visits to both fast food and full-service restaurants. Visits to each type of food outlet at the county level were traced and aggregated using mobile phone data before being analyzed with socio-economic demographics and COVID-19 incidence data. Results: Our findings suggest that a new COVID-19 case per 1,000 population decreased a county's odds of relying on convenience stores by 3.41% and increased its odds of fast food reliance by 0.72%. As a county's COVID-19 incidence rate rises by an additional case per 1,000 population, the odds of relying on convenience stores increased by 0.01%, 0.02%, and 0.06% for each additional percentage of Hispanics, college-educated residents, and every additional year in median age, respectively. For fast food reliance, as a county's COVID-19 incidence rate increases by one case per 1,000 population, the odds decreased by 0.003% for every additional percentage of Hispanics but increased by 0.02% for every additional year in the county's median age. Conclusion: These results complement existing literature to promote equitable food environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles Alba
- Division of Computational & Data Sciences,
Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Ruopeng An
- Division of Computational & Data Sciences,
Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO, USA
- Brown School,
Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO, USA
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4
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Shaw S, Barrett M, Shand C, Cooper C, Crozier S, Smith D, Barker M, Vogel C. Influences of the community and consumer nutrition environment on the food purchases and dietary behaviors of adolescents: A systematic review. Obes Rev 2023; 24:e13569. [PMID: 37081719 PMCID: PMC10909420 DOI: 10.1111/obr.13569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2022] [Revised: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/22/2023]
Abstract
Adolescence is a period of increased autonomy over decision-making, including food choices, and increased exposure to influences outside the home, including the food environment. This review aims to synthesize the evidence for the influence of community nutrition environments, spatial access to food outlets, and consumer nutrition environments, environments inside food outlets, on adolescent food purchasing and dietary behaviors in high-income countries. Six databases were searched for articles published before January 2023. Results were synthesized using a vote-counting technique and effect direction plots that record the direction of the effect in relation to the anticipated relationship with health. Thirty-four observational and two intervention studies met the inclusion criteria. In the 13 studies assessing adolescent exposure to healthy community nutrition environments, results did not show clear associations with dietary and purchasing outcomes. Thirty studies assessed adolescents' exposure to unhealthy community nutrition environments with the majority (n = 17/30, 57%) reporting results showing that greater exposure to food outlets classified as unhealthy was associated with less healthy food purchases and dietary intakes. Inconsistent results were observed across the seven studies investigating associations with the consumer environment. Further research in these areas, including more high-quality intervention studies, may help to develop policy strategies to improve adolescents' dietary behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Shaw
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology CentreUniversity of SouthamptonSouthamptonSO16 6YDUK
- NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research CentreUniversity of Southampton and University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation TrustSO16 6YDUK
| | - Millie Barrett
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology CentreUniversity of SouthamptonSouthamptonSO16 6YDUK
- NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research CentreUniversity of Southampton and University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation TrustSO16 6YDUK
- Centre for Food Policy, CityUniversity of LondonNorthampton SquareLondonEC1V0HBUK
| | - Calum Shand
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology CentreUniversity of SouthamptonSouthamptonSO16 6YDUK
| | - Cyrus Cooper
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology CentreUniversity of SouthamptonSouthamptonSO16 6YDUK
- NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research CentreUniversity of Southampton and University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation TrustSO16 6YDUK
| | - Sarah Crozier
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology CentreUniversity of SouthamptonSouthamptonSO16 6YDUK
- NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research CentreUniversity of Southampton and University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation TrustSO16 6YDUK
- NIHR Applied Research Collaboration Wessex, Southampton Science Park, Innovation Centre2 Venture Road, ChilworthSouthamptonSO16 7NPUK
| | - Dianna Smith
- NIHR Applied Research Collaboration Wessex, Southampton Science Park, Innovation Centre2 Venture Road, ChilworthSouthamptonSO16 7NPUK
- Geography and Environmental ScienceUniversity of SouthamptonSouthamptonSO17 1BJUK
| | - Mary Barker
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology CentreUniversity of SouthamptonSouthamptonSO16 6YDUK
- NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research CentreUniversity of Southampton and University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation TrustSO16 6YDUK
- School of Health SciencesFaculty of Environmental and Life SciencesUniversity of SouthamptonSouthamptonSO17 1BJUK
| | - Christina Vogel
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology CentreUniversity of SouthamptonSouthamptonSO16 6YDUK
- NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research CentreUniversity of Southampton and University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation TrustSO16 6YDUK
- Centre for Food Policy, CityUniversity of LondonNorthampton SquareLondonEC1V0HBUK
- NIHR Applied Research Collaboration Wessex, Southampton Science Park, Innovation Centre2 Venture Road, ChilworthSouthamptonSO16 7NPUK
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5
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Jiang J, Lau PWC, Li Y, Gao D, Chen L, Chen M, Ma Y, Ma T, Ma Q, Zhang Y, Liu J, Wang X, Dong Y, Song Y, Ma J. Association of fast-food restaurants with overweight and obesity in school-aged children and adolescents: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Obes Rev 2023; 24:e13536. [PMID: 36519593 DOI: 10.1111/obr.13536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
We aimed to explore associations between the accessibility of fast-food restaurants (FFRs) and weight-related outcomes in children and adolescents through a systematic review and meta-analysis of studies. We searched three databases for studies published before October 21, 2022. Study quality was assessed using the National Institutes of Health's Quality Assessment Tool for Observational Cohort and Cross-Sectional Studies. Meta-analysis was performed, and the leave-one-out method was used for sensitivity analysis. A total of 60 studies were included. According to our analysis, FFRs within a smaller buffer radius from residences or that provide unhealthy foods may have a more significant influence on children's and adolescents' weight. Children of younger ages and girls may have a higher possibility of being overweight due to FFRs. Though we could hardly avoid bias, the estimates in low-and middle-income countries (only six studies) are much higher than those in high-income countries (54 studies). More research analyses based on microscope data and individual economic levels are needed. This study yields quantitative results, provides policymakers and urban planners with a theoretical support for building resilient and sustainable human settlements, and promotes the translation of research findings from public health to environmental planning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Jiang
- Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, Beijing, China
| | - Patrick W C Lau
- Department of Sport, Physical Education & Health, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, China.,Laboratory of Exercise Science and Health, BNU-HKBU United International College, Zhuhai, China
| | - Yanhui Li
- Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, Beijing, China.,School of Nursing, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Di Gao
- Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, Beijing, China.,Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Li Chen
- Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, Beijing, China
| | - Manman Chen
- Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Ma
- Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, Beijing, China
| | - Tao Ma
- Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, Beijing, China
| | - Qi Ma
- Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, Beijing, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, Beijing, China
| | - Jieyu Liu
- Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, Beijing, China
| | - Xingxing Wang
- School of Public Health and Management, Ningxia Medical University, Key Laboratory of Environmental Factors and Chronic Disease Control, Yinchuan, China
| | - Yanhui Dong
- Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, Beijing, China
| | - Yi Song
- Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, Beijing, China
| | - Jun Ma
- Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, Beijing, China
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6
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Leveraging Food-Related Values for Impact in Community Nutrition Education Programs (Interventions). Foods 2023; 12:foods12040714. [PMID: 36832789 PMCID: PMC9956100 DOI: 10.3390/foods12040714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/28/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
This study draws attention to the potential benefits of leveraging food values to amplify the impact of nutrition education programs. The study has collected data via a telephone survey from 417 randomly selected residents in Guilford County in the state of North Carolina. In our analysis, we have identified and used three underlying dimensions (ethical, social environmental and sensory) that summarize and capture the meaning of food-related values instead of a list of food values commonly used in the literature. Researchers have then used these dimensions as clustering variables to produce three segments from the data: value-positive, value-negative, and hedonic. Results show that residents in the value positive segment had positive perceptions of all values, those in value negative segment had negative perception of all values, and those in the hedonic segment had only positive perception of sensory values. A key finding is that value-positive residents have healthier food-related lifestyles and food-related behaviors than residents in the other segments. Interventions should focus on value-negative and hedonic residents and emphasize value-based education tailored to strengthening social/environmental and ethical food values. To ensure success, interventions should graft healthier lifestyle habits and behaviors on familiar behaviors and lifestyle.
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7
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The Effects of Food Environment on Obesity in Children: A Systematic Review. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 10:children10010098. [PMID: 36670647 PMCID: PMC9857183 DOI: 10.3390/children10010098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Childhood obesity is an epidemic connected with poor eating. According to the United States Department of Agriculture's Economic Research Service (USDA-ERS), food deserts are geographical locations in which residents have restricted or nonexistent access to healthful and quality food. Restricted access to healthy food is commonly associated with poor nutrition-related health outcomes, including obesity. This review aims to highlight the relationship between residing in a food desert or a similar environment on body mass index (BMI) in school-aged children in North America, predominantly in the Midwest region of the United States and Mexico. In this study, 17 articles were included from PubMed/Medline, Google Scholar, and Crossref. Most of these studies showed no association between the food environment and increased BMI. This discrepancy emphasizes the need for further research; the lack of access to healthful foods in food deserts is an issue that deserves additional attention.
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8
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de França FCO, Andrade IDS, Zandonadi RP, Sávio KE, Akutsu RDCCDA. Food Environment around Schools: A Systematic Scope Review. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14235090. [PMID: 36501120 PMCID: PMC9739807 DOI: 10.3390/nu14235090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The present systematic scope review intended to compile state-of-the-art information about the food environment around schools, exploring the main methods used to describe the food environment around schools as well as the possible effects that this environment can promote on the health of children and adolescents. The preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses-extension for scoping reviews (PRISMA-ScR) checklist and guidelines were followed to ensure a robust and repeatable methodological process. A systematic search was performed in the following electronic databases: MEDLINE, Embase, Science Direct, Web of Science, LILACS, and Scopus, as well as in related articles, a manual search of reference lists and gray literature. Forty-six studies were selected. There was no standardization regarding distances from food establishments to schools, methods of analysis, and software used. The food environment around the schools was characterized by the wide availability of food establishments, especially fast food, convenience stores, supermarkets, and grocery stores known for offering a wide variety of unhealthy foods. Regarding the correlations with the health of children and adolescents, the evidence points to possible interferences of the food environment known as obesogenic, but it cannot be related only to the school environment since most of the acquisition and consumption of food usually happens around family homes. Conducting standardized and comprehensive studies evaluating food choices in the school environment and their interrelationships is very important to ensure children's food and nutrition security and minimize negative health outcomes in the medium and long term.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Iziane da Silva Andrade
- Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Reconcavo da Bahia-Rua Rui Barbosa, 710-Centro, Cruz das Almas 44574-490, BA, Brazil
| | | | | | - Rita de Cassia Coelho de Almeida Akutsu
- Nutrition School, Federal University of Bahia-Augusto Viana, s/n-Palácio da Reitoria, Canela, Salvador 40110-907, BA, Brazil
- Department of Nutrition, University of Brasilia, Brasilia 70910-900, DF, Brazil
- Correspondence:
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9
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Novaes TG, Mendes LL, Almeida LFF, Ribeiro AQ, Costa BVDL, Claro RM, Pessoa MC. Availability of food stores around Brazilian schools. CIENCIA & SAUDE COLETIVA 2022; 27:2373-2383. [PMID: 35649024 DOI: 10.1590/1413-81232022276.19372021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to analyze the availability of food stores in the territory of schools. Ecological study conducted in Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil, with all schools (N=42) and food stores (N=656). Data were collected through the objective evaluation of the environment, and the stores were categorized into healthy, unhealthy, mixed and supermarkets. Bivariate Ripley´s K function assessed the existence of clustering of categories of stores in the territory of schools. All the schools had at least one food store in their territory. Unhealthy stores were the most common and closest to the schools. There were more stores around private schools, offering high school education, located in the central region and in the highest per capita income tercile. The bivariate Ripley´s K function showed evidence of clustering of stores at all analyzed distances (400 to 1.5 km) with up to 3 times more establishments than would be expected if they were randomly distributed. Therefore, schoolchildren were likely exposed to unhealthy food environments, regardless of neighborhood income and location, which may contribute to inadequate food choices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taiane Gonçalves Novaes
- Departamento de Nutrição e Saúde, Universidade Federal de Viçosa. Av. Peter Henry Rolfs s/n, Campus Universitário. 36570-900 Viçosa MG Brasil.
| | - Larissa Loures Mendes
- Departamento de Nutrição, Escola de Enfermagem, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG). Belo Horizonte MG Brasil
| | | | - Andréia Queiroz Ribeiro
- Departamento de Nutrição e Saúde, Universidade Federal de Viçosa. Av. Peter Henry Rolfs s/n, Campus Universitário. 36570-900 Viçosa MG Brasil.
| | - Bruna Vieira de Lima Costa
- Departamento de Nutrição, Escola de Enfermagem, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG). Belo Horizonte MG Brasil
| | - Rafael Moreira Claro
- Departamento de Nutrição, Escola de Enfermagem, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG). Belo Horizonte MG Brasil
| | - Milene Cristine Pessoa
- Departamento de Nutrição, Escola de Enfermagem, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG). Belo Horizonte MG Brasil
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10
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Physical Activity and Food Environments in and around Schools: A Case Study in Regional North-West Tasmania. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19106238. [PMID: 35627775 PMCID: PMC9140536 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19106238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2022] [Revised: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
A better understanding of the physical activity (PA) infrastructure in schools, the walkability of neighborhoods close to schools, and the food environments around schools, particularly in rural, socioeconomically challenged areas such as the North-West (NW) of Tasmania, could be important in the wider effort to improve the health of school-age children. Accordingly, this research aimed to assess PA resources, walkability, and food environments in and around schools in three socioeconomically disadvantaged, regional/rural Local Government Areas (LGAs) of Tasmania, Australia. A census of schools (including assessment of the PA infrastructure quality within school grounds), a walkability assessment, and a census of food outlets surrounding schools (through geospatial mapping) were executed. Most of the schools in the study region had access to an oval, basketball/volleyball/netball court, and free-standing exercise equipment. In all instances (i.e., regardless of school type), the quality of the available infrastructure was substantially higher than the number of incivilities observed. Most schools also had good (i.e., within the first four deciles) walkability. Numerous food outlets were within the walking zones of all schools in the study region, with an abundance of food outlets that predominantly sold processed unhealthy food.
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11
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Mahmood N, Sanchez-Vaznaugh EV, Matsuzaki M, Sánchez BN. Racial/ethnic disparities in childhood obesity: The role of school segregation. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2022; 30:1116-1125. [PMID: 35470976 PMCID: PMC9097556 DOI: 10.1002/oby.23416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Revised: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Recent studies have observed that racial or ethnic adult health disparities revealed in national data dissipate in racially integrated communities, supporting the theory that "place, not race" shapes the nature and magnitude of racial/ethnic health disparities. This study tested this theory among children. METHODS In 2020, the racial/ethnic childhood obesity disparities within integrated schools and between segregated schools were estimated using statewide cross-sectional data collected in 2019 on fifth, seventh, and ninth grade students from California public schools. RESULTS School segregation accounted for a large part of the obesity disparities between White children and children of color (Latino, Black, and Filipino children). In racially integrated schools, obesity disparities were much smaller than those in statewide data, whereas racial or ethnic childhood obesity disparities were larger when comparing children in majority-White schools with those attending schools with a majority enrollment of children of color, except for Asian children, who generally had lower obesity rates than their White peers. CONCLUSIONS School-level racial segregation is a salient contributor to racial/ethnic childhood obesity disparities. Reducing obesity disparities may be particularly effective if place-level interventions target socioeconomically disadvantaged integrated schools and segregated schools attended primarily by children of color.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuha Mahmood
- The University of Michigan Medical School, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | | | - Mika Matsuzaki
- Johns Hopkins University School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Brisa N Sánchez
- Drexel University Dornsife School of Public Health, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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12
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Arango-Angarita A, Méndez-Gómez-Humarán I, Guerrero-López CM, Shamah-Levy T. Is store density associated with sugar-sweetened beverages consumption and overweight or obesity in Mexican adolescents? Pediatr Obes 2022; 17:e12838. [PMID: 34318602 DOI: 10.1111/ijpo.12838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Revised: 03/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) is a risk factor for obesity. In Mexico, SSBs are widely available and consumed daily by adolescents. OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study was to estimate the indirect association between store density (including grocery, convenience, non-alcoholic beverage stores and supermarkets) and overweight or obesity (OW/O) among Mexican adolescents, using SSB consumption as a mediator. METHODS We used cross-sectional data on adolescent SSB consumption, weight status (body mass index for age [BMI for age]), physical activity, screen time and sociodemographic factors from the 2016 Mexican Midway National Health and Nutrition Survey (ENSANUT MC 2016). The National Statistical Directory of Economic Units provided information on stores selling SSBs. We estimated structural equations models to test associations between store density and OW/O, using SSB consumption as a mediator. RESULTS We found a direct positive association between store density and SSB intake in adolescents (β =1.229), including density of supermarkets (β = 132.07), grocery stores (β = 1.170) and non-alcoholic beverage stores (β = 1.537). No significant association was observed for convenience stores. Direct association between store density and OW/O was strongest for supermarket density (β = 0.426). In addition, SSB intake was significantly associated with OW/O (p = 0.033). No significant indirect association between density of any store and OW/O was found. CONCLUSIONS Store density was directly associated with SSB consumption but not indirectly associated with OW/O mediated by SSB. Further research on food environment is required in order to design evidence-based strategies aimed at reducing SSB intake and OW/O in adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Arango-Angarita
- Center for Evaluation and Survey Research, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | | | | | - Teresa Shamah-Levy
- Center for Evaluation and Survey Research, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
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A Proposed Research Agenda for Promoting Healthy Retail Food Environments in the East Asia-Pacific Region. Curr Nutr Rep 2021; 10:267-281. [PMID: 34894342 DOI: 10.1007/s13668-021-00381-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW This paper aimed to summarise existing literature on strategies to improve the healthiness of retail food environments in the East Asia and Pacific (EAP) region, and propose a prioritised research agenda on this topic. RECENT FINDINGS Little research on retail food environments has been conducted in the EAP region. Several approaches for measuring retail food environments were identified, although none have been tailored to the EAP context. A small number of policies and initiatives to promote healthy retail food environments have been implemented in EAP. Lessons learnt from successful implementation of initiatives in other regions could be applied in EAP. Retail food environments have a strong influence on food choices and health outcomes. Research can contribute to efforts to improve the healthiness of retail food environments in EAP by (1) describing the current state of retail food environments to highlight areas of good practice and concern and (2) identifying policies and initiatives that are likely to be effective, and mechanisms for their successful implementation.
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14
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Buszkiewicz JH, Bobb JF, Hurvitz PM, Arterburn D, Moudon AV, Cook A, Mooney SJ, Cruz M, Gupta S, Lozano P, Rosenberg DE, Theis MK, Anau J, Drewnowski A. Does the built environment have independent obesogenic power? Urban form and trajectories of weight gain. Int J Obes (Lond) 2021; 45:1914-1924. [PMID: 33976378 PMCID: PMC8592117 DOI: 10.1038/s41366-021-00836-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine whether selected features of the built environment can predict weight gain in a large longitudinal cohort of adults. METHODS Weight trajectories over a 5-year period were obtained from electronic health records for 115,260 insured patients aged 18-64 years in the Kaiser Permanente Washington health care system. Home addresses were geocoded using ArcGIS. Built environment variables were population, residential unit, and road intersection densities captured using Euclidean-based SmartMaps at 800-m buffers. Counts of area supermarkets and fast food restaurants were obtained using network-based SmartMaps at 1600, and 5000-m buffers. Property values were a measure of socioeconomic status. Linear mixed effects models tested whether built environment variables at baseline were associated with long-term weight gain, adjusting for sex, age, race/ethnicity, Medicaid insurance, body weight, and residential property values. RESULTS Built environment variables at baseline were associated with differences in baseline obesity prevalence and body mass index but had limited impact on weight trajectories. Mean weight gain for the full cohort was 0.06 kg at 1 year (95% CI: 0.03, 0.10); 0.64 kg at 3 years (95% CI: 0.59, 0.68), and 0.95 kg at 5 years (95% CI: 0.90, 1.00). In adjusted regression models, the top tertile of density metrics and frequency counts were associated with lower weight gain at 5-years follow-up compared to the bottom tertiles, though the mean differences in weight change for each follow-up year (1, 3, and 5) did not exceed 0.5 kg. CONCLUSIONS Built environment variables that were associated with higher obesity prevalence at baseline had limited independent obesogenic power with respect to weight gain over time. Residential unit density had the strongest negative association with weight gain. Future work on the influence of built environment variables on health should also examine social context, including residential segregation and residential mobility.
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Affiliation(s)
- James H. Buszkiewicz
- Center for Public Health Nutrition, 305 Raitt Hall, #353410, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195-3410, USA,Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Jennifer F. Bobb
- Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, 1730 Minor Ave. Suite 1600, Seattle, WA, 98101, USA
| | - Philip M Hurvitz
- Urban Form Lab, Department of Urban Design and Planning, College of Built Environments, University of Washington, 4333 Brooklyn Ave NE, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA,Center for Studies in Demography and Ecology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195-3410, USA
| | - David Arterburn
- Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, 1730 Minor Ave. Suite 1600, Seattle, WA, 98101, USA
| | - Anne Vernez Moudon
- Urban Form Lab, Department of Urban Design and Planning, College of Built Environments, University of Washington, 4333 Brooklyn Ave NE, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | - Andrea Cook
- Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, 1730 Minor Ave. Suite 1600, Seattle, WA, 98101, USA
| | - Stephen J. Mooney
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Maricela Cruz
- Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, 1730 Minor Ave. Suite 1600, Seattle, WA, 98101, USA
| | - Shilpi Gupta
- Center for Public Health Nutrition, 305 Raitt Hall, #353410, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195-3410, USA,Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Paula Lozano
- Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, 1730 Minor Ave. Suite 1600, Seattle, WA, 98101, USA
| | - Dori E. Rosenberg
- Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, 1730 Minor Ave. Suite 1600, Seattle, WA, 98101, USA
| | - Mary Kay Theis
- Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, 1730 Minor Ave. Suite 1600, Seattle, WA, 98101, USA
| | - Jane Anau
- Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, 1730 Minor Ave. Suite 1600, Seattle, WA, 98101, USA
| | - Adam Drewnowski
- Center for Public Health Nutrition, 305 Raitt Hall, #353410, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195-3410, USA,Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
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15
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Operationalizing and Testing the Concept of a Physical Activity Desert. J Phys Act Health 2021; 18:533-540. [PMID: 33785659 DOI: 10.1123/jpah.2020-0382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prevalence of childhood obesity is higher in economically and socially deprived areas. Higher levels of physical activity reduce the risk of excessive weight gain in youth, and research has focused on environmental factors associated with children's physical activity, though the term "physical activity desert" has not come into wide use. METHODS This exploratory study operationalized the term "physical activity desert" and tested the hypothesis that children living in physical activity deserts would be less physically active than children who do not. A cross-sectional study design was applied with 992 fifth-grade students who had provided objectively measured physical activity data. Five of 12 possible elements of the built environment were selected as descriptors of physical activity deserts, including no commercial facilities, no parks, low play spaces, no cohesion, and the presence of incivilities. RESULTS Univariate and multivariate analyses showed that only the absence of parks was associated with less physical activity in children. CONCLUSION Children living in a "no park" zone were less active than their counterparts who lived near a park. This study contributes preliminary conceptual and operational definitions of "physical activity desert." Future studies of physical activity deserts should be undertaken in larger and more diverse samples.
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da Costa Peres CM, Gardone DS, Costa BVDL, Duarte CK, Pessoa MC, Mendes LL. Retail food environment around schools and overweight: a systematic review. Nutr Rev 2021; 78:841-856. [PMID: 31968100 DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuz110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
CONTEXT The presence of retail food establishments around schools can be a potentiating or protective factor for overweight in students, depending on access to these places as well as types of foods available therein. The hypothesis for this study was that a greater density and proximity of retail food establishments around schools influence the weight of students. OBJECTIVE To systematically review the available observational literature on the association between retail food establishments around schools and the occurrence of overweight and obesity in schoolchildren and adolescents. DATA SOURCES Observational studies were searched in the MEDLINE, EMBASE, and SCOPUS databases published until May 2019. DATA EXTRACTION Two independent reviewers extracted relevant data. DATA ANALYSIS Data on the 31 included studies were summarized with narrative synthesis according to meta-analyses of observational studies in epidemiology, exploring the type of food establishments around schools and analyzing qualitatively the impact of proximity or density on overweight and obesity rates. CONCLUSION Of the 31 articles, a direct association between proximity or density of establishments (mainly fast food restaurants, convenience stores, grocery stores) around schools and overweight and obesity in children and adolescents were found in 14 studies. However, authors of 13 papers found no association and inverse association was presented in 4 papers. The studies presented different methods of classification, location, and analysis of retail food establishments, making it difficult to conclude the real influence that the presence of these establishments near schools have on the nutritional status of children and adolescents. Therefore, future studies should consider the use of longitudinal designs and standardized analysis of the food environment around schools to better understand this food environment and its influence on health-related behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Marien da Costa Peres
- Post-Graduate Program in Nutrition and Health, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.,Department of Nutrition, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Danielle Soares Gardone
- Post-Graduate Program in Nutrition and Health, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Bruna Vieira de Lima Costa
- Post-Graduate Program in Nutrition and Health, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.,Department of Nutrition, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Camila Kümmel Duarte
- Department of Nutrition, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Milene Cristine Pessoa
- Department of Nutrition, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Larissa Loures Mendes
- Post-Graduate Program in Nutrition and Health, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.,Department of Nutrition, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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17
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Jia P, Luo M, Li Y, Zheng JS, Xiao Q, Luo J. Fast-food restaurant, unhealthy eating, and childhood obesity: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Obes Rev 2021; 22 Suppl 1:e12944. [PMID: 31507064 PMCID: PMC7988557 DOI: 10.1111/obr.12944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2019] [Revised: 08/13/2019] [Accepted: 08/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Excessive access to fast-food restaurants (FFRs) in the neighbourhood is thought to be a risk factor for childhood obesity by discouraging healthful dietary behaviours while encouraging the exposure to unhealthful food venues and hence the compensatory intake of unhealthy food option. A literature search was conducted in the PubMed, Web of Science, and Embase for articles published until 1 January 2019 that analysed the association between access to FFRs and weight-related behaviours and outcomes among children aged younger than 18. Sixteen cohort studies and 71 cross-sectional studies conducted in 14 countries were identified. While higher FFR access was not associated with weight-related behaviours (eg, dietary quality score and frequency of food consumption) in most studies, it was commonly associated with more fast-food consumption. Despite that, insignificant results were observed for all meta-analyses conducted by different measures of FFR access in the neighbourhood and weight-related outcomes, although 17 of 39 studies reported positive associations when using overweight/obesity as the outcome. This systematic review and meta-analysis revealed a rather mixed relationship between FFR access and weight-related behaviours/outcomes among children and adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Jia
- Faculty of Geo-information Science and Earth Observation, University of Twente, Enschede, the Netherlands.,International Institute of Spatial Lifecourse Epidemiology (ISLE), the Netherlands
| | - Miyang Luo
- International Institute of Spatial Lifecourse Epidemiology (ISLE), the Netherlands.,Department of Reproductive Immunology, Affiliated Shenzhen Maternity & Child Healthcare Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, China.,Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yamei Li
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ju-Sheng Zheng
- School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qian Xiao
- International Institute of Spatial Lifecourse Epidemiology (ISLE), the Netherlands.,Department of Health and Human Physiology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA.,Department of Epidemiology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Jiayou Luo
- International Institute of Spatial Lifecourse Epidemiology (ISLE), the Netherlands.,Department of Maternal and Child Health, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, China
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18
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Xin J, Zhao L, Wu T, Zhang L, Li Y, Xue H, Xiao Q, Wang R, Xu P, Visscher T, Ma X, Jia P. Association between access to convenience stores and childhood obesity: A systematic review. Obes Rev 2021; 22 Suppl 1:e12908. [PMID: 31274248 PMCID: PMC7988541 DOI: 10.1111/obr.12908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Revised: 05/21/2019] [Accepted: 05/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Childhood obesity increases the risk of adulthood obesity and is associated with other adverse health outcomes later in life. It may be influenced by environmental characteristics of neighborhoods where children live, particularly dietary supply-related environmental factors. This study aimed to systematically review the evidence on the association between access to convenience stores and childhood obesity. We searched and filtered relevant literature in PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library published before 1 January 2019. Data on the basic characteristics of studies, measures of access to convenience stores, and associations of convenience stores with weight-related behaviors and outcomes were extracted from 41 included studies. In general, the density of and proximity to convenience stores in children's residential and school neighborhoods were positively associated with unhealthy eating behaviors. However, their associations with children's weight status varied significantly by regions. The association between convenience store access and children's weight status was found to be negative in Canada, rather mixed in the United States and the United Kingdom, and not significant in East Asia. We suggest future research to clearly define the convenience store, better measure the access to convenience store, and also measure children's journey and food purchasing and consumption behaviors, to explain pathways from convenience store access to childhood obesity for designing effective interventions and policies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junguo Xin
- Department of Health-Related Social and Behavioral Sciences, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,School of Public Health, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China.,International Institute of Spatial Lifecourse Epidemiology (ISLE), Enschede, the Netherlands
| | - Li Zhao
- International Institute of Spatial Lifecourse Epidemiology (ISLE), Enschede, the Netherlands.,Department of Health Policy and Management, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Healthy Food Evaluation Research Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Tong Wu
- International Institute of Spatial Lifecourse Epidemiology (ISLE), Enschede, the Netherlands.,Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Longhao Zhang
- Office of "Double First Class" Construction, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Population Health Science and Policy, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, 10029.,Center for Health Innovation, The New York Academy of Medicine, New York, New York, 10029
| | - Hong Xue
- International Institute of Spatial Lifecourse Epidemiology (ISLE), Enschede, the Netherlands.,Department of Health Behavior and Policy, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, 23298
| | - Qian Xiao
- International Institute of Spatial Lifecourse Epidemiology (ISLE), Enschede, the Netherlands.,Department of Health and Human Physiology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, 52242.,Department of Epidemiology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, 52242
| | - Ruiou Wang
- Department of Health-Related Social and Behavioral Sciences, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Peiyao Xu
- Department of Health Policy and Management, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Tommy Visscher
- Research Center for Healthy Cities, Windesheim University of Applied Sciences, Zwolle, the Netherlands.,European Association for the Study of Obesity, Patient Council and Prevention and Public Health Taskforce, Founding Chair New Investigators United, London, UK.,JOGG (Youth at a Healthy Weight), Chair Scientific Advisory Board, The Hague, the Netherlands
| | - Xiao Ma
- Department of Health-Related Social and Behavioral Sciences, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Peng Jia
- International Institute of Spatial Lifecourse Epidemiology (ISLE), Enschede, the Netherlands.,Faculty of Geo-information Science and Earth Observation, University of Twente, Enschede, the Netherlands
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19
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Li Y, Luo M, Wu X, Xiao Q, Luo J, Jia P. Grocery store access and childhood obesity: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Obes Rev 2021; 22 Suppl 1:e12945. [PMID: 31650697 PMCID: PMC7988589 DOI: 10.1111/obr.12945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Accepted: 08/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Grocery store is usually considered to be a healthy food outlet as it provides access to a variety of healthy food, such as fruits and vegetables, which may potentially improve overall dietary quality and protect against obesity. However, findings of the association between grocery store and childhood obesity are controversial. This study aimed to systematically review the evidence on the association between access to grocery stores and childhood obesity. A literature search was conducted in the PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science for articles published before January 1, 2019, using the combinations of three groups of keywords separately for grocery store, children and adolescents, and weight-related behaviours and outcomes. A total of 27 cross-sectional and eight longitudinal studies were identified. Controversial results existed among 24 studies, which examined the association between the access to grocery stores and weight-related outcomes. A null association was observed in almost all meta-analyses conducted by different measures of grocery stores and weight status, except the analysis between presence of grocery stores and overweight, which reached borderline significance. For weight-related behaviours, mixed findings were reported between grocery stores and dietary behaviours, and no significant associations were found for physical activity. This systematic review and meta-analysis suggested that access to grocery stores may have a rather small influence on child weight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yamei Li
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Miyang Luo
- Department of Reproductive Immunology, Affiliated Shenzhen Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, China.,Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,International Institute of Spatial Lifecourse Epidemiology (ISLE), Enschede, the Netherlands
| | - Xinyin Wu
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Qian Xiao
- International Institute of Spatial Lifecourse Epidemiology (ISLE), Enschede, the Netherlands.,Department of Health and Human Physiology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA.,Department of Epidemiology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Jiayou Luo
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, China.,International Institute of Spatial Lifecourse Epidemiology (ISLE), Enschede, the Netherlands
| | - Peng Jia
- International Institute of Spatial Lifecourse Epidemiology (ISLE), Enschede, the Netherlands.,Faculty of Geo-information Science and Earth Observation, University of Twente, Enschede, the Netherlands
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20
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Sun D, Li H, Cao M, He S, Lei L, Peng J, Chen W. Cancer burden in China: trends, risk factors and prevention. Cancer Biol Med 2020; 17:879-895. [PMID: 33299641 PMCID: PMC7721090 DOI: 10.20892/j.issn.2095-3941.2020.0387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
As the most populous country in the world, China has made strides in health promotion in the past few decades. With the aging population, the burden of cancer in China continues to grow. Changes in risk factors for cancer, especially diet, obesity, diabetes, and air pollution, continue to fuel the shift of cancer transition in China. The burden of upper gastrointestinal cancer in China is decreasing, but still heavy. The rising burden of colorectal, prostate, and breast cancers is also significant. Lung cancer became the top cause of cancer-related deaths, together with smoking as the most important contributor to cancer deaths. The Chinese government has taken several approaches to control cancer and cancer-related risk factors. Many achievements have been made, but some challenges remain. Health China 2030 is ambitious and depicts a bright vision of the future for cancer control in China. The decrease in the cancer burden in China will require cross-sector collaboration and coordinated efforts on primary and secondary preventions by governments, public health organizations, and individuals. In this review, we describe the trends of cancer burden and discuss cancer-related risk factors in China, identifying strategies to reduce the burden of cancer in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dianqin Sun
- Department of Cancer Screening, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China
| | - He Li
- Department of Cancer Screening, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Maomao Cao
- Department of Cancer Screening, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Siyi He
- Department of Cancer Screening, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Lin Lei
- Department of Cancer Prevention and Control, Shenzhen Center for Chronic Disease Control, Shenzhen 518020, China
| | - Ji Peng
- Department of Cancer Prevention and Control, Shenzhen Center for Chronic Disease Control, Shenzhen 518020, China
| | - Wanqing Chen
- Department of Cancer Screening, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China
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21
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Unhealthy food options in the school environment are associated with diet quality and body weights of elementary school children in Canada. Public Health Nutr 2020; 24:4572-4581. [PMID: 33143804 DOI: 10.1017/s1368980020004437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Increasing evidence links unhealthy food environments with diet quality and overweight/obesity. Recent evidence has demonstrated that relative food environment measures outperform absolute measures. Few studies have examined the interplay between these two measures. We examined the separate and combined effects of the absolute and relative densities of unhealthy food outlets within 1600 m buffers around elementary schools on children's diet- and weight-related outcomes. DESIGN This is a cross-sectional study of 812 children from thirty-nine schools. The Youth Healthy Eating Index (Y-HEI) and daily vegetables and fruit servings were derived from the Harvard Food Frequency Questionnaire for Children and Youth. Measured heights and weights determined BMI Z-scores. Food outlets were ranked as healthy, somewhat healthy and unhealthy according to provincial paediatric nutrition guidelines. Multilevel mixed-effects regression models were used to assess the effect of absolute (number) and relative (proportion) densities of unhealthy food outlets within 1600 m around schools on diet quality and weight status. SETTING Two urban centres in the province of Alberta, Canada. PARTICIPANTS Grade 5 students (10-11 years). RESULTS For children attending schools with a higher absolute number (36+) of unhealthy food outlets within 1600 m, every 10 % increase in the proportion of unhealthy food outlets was associated with 4·1 lower Y-HEI score and 0·9 fewer daily vegetables and fruit. CONCLUSIONS Children exposed to a higher relative density of unhealthy food outlets around a school had lower diet quality, specifically in areas where the absolute density of unhealthy food outlets was also high.
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22
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La Niña weather impacts dietary patterns and dietary diversity among children in the Peruvian Amazon. Public Health Nutr 2020; 24:3477-3487. [PMID: 33106207 PMCID: PMC8314922 DOI: 10.1017/s1368980020003705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Objective: In 2011–2012, severe El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) conditions (La Niña) led to massive flooding and temporarily displacement in the Peruvian Amazon. Our aims were to examine the impact of this ENSO exposure on child diets, in particular: (1) frequency of food consumption patterns, (2) the amount of food consumed (g/d), (3) dietary diversity (DD), (4) consumption of donated foods, among children aged 9–36 months living in the outskirts of City of Iquitos in the Amazonian Peru. Design: This was a longitudinal study that used quantitative 24-h recall dietary data collection from children aged 9–36 months from 2010 to 2014 as part of the MAL-ED birth cohort study. Setting: Iquitos, Loreto, Peru. Participants: Two hundred and fifty-two mother–child dyads. Results: The frequency of grains, rice, dairy and sugar in meals reduced by 5–7 %, while the frequency of plantain in meals increased by 24 % after adjusting for covariates. ENSO exposure reduced girl’s intake of plantains and sugar. Despite seasonal fluctuations in the availability of fruits, vegetables and fish, DD remained constant across seasons and as children aged. However, DD was significantly reduced under moderate La Niña conditions by 0·32 (P < 0·05) food groups. Adaptive social strategies such as consumption of donated foods were significantly higher among households with girls. Conclusions: This is the first empirical study to show differential effect of the ENSO on the dietary patterns of children, highlighting differences by gender. Public health nutrition programmes should be climate- and gender-sensitive in their efforts to safeguard the diets of vulnerable populations.
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Misiaszek C, Kvit A, Burns C, Harding J, Buczynski A, Freishtat H, Bassarab K, Bilal U, Palmer A. Reliability of an Audit Tool to Measure Healthy Food Availability in Food Outlets across Baltimore City. JOURNAL OF HUNGER & ENVIRONMENTAL NUTRITION 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/19320248.2019.1658680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Caitlin Misiaszek
- Center for a Livable Future, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Anton Kvit
- Spatial Science for Public Health Center, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | - Jamie Harding
- Center for a Livable Future, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | - Holly Freishtat
- Baltimore City Department of Planning, Baltimore Food Policy Initiative, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Karen Bassarab
- Center for a Livable Future, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Usama Bilal
- Urban Health Collaborative, Drexel School of Public Health, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Anne Palmer
- Center for a Livable Future, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Bleich SN, Jones-Smith JC, Jarlenski MP, Wolfson JA, Frelier JM, Tao H, Hu Y, Zink A, Dunn CG, Soto MJ, Herring BJ. Impact of Changes in Chain Restaurant Calories over Time on Obesity Risk. J Gen Intern Med 2020; 35:1743-1750. [PMID: 32060717 PMCID: PMC7300171 DOI: 10.1007/s11606-020-05683-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2019] [Accepted: 01/26/2020] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prior research on the restaurant environment and obesity risk is limited by cross-sectional data and a focus on specific geographic areas. OBJECTIVE To measure the impact of changes in chain restaurant calories over time on body mass index (BMI). DESIGN We used a first-difference model to examine whether changes from 2012 to 2015 in chain restaurant calories per capita were associated with percent changes in BMI. We also examined differences by race and county income, restaurant type, and initial body weight categories. SETTING USA (207 counties across 39 states). PARTICIPANTS 447,873 adult patients who visited an athenahealth medical provider in 2012 and 2015 where BMI was measured. MAIN OUTCOMES MEASURED Percent change in objectively measured BMI from 2012 to 2015. RESULTS Across all patients, changes in chain restaurant calories per capita were not associated with percent changes in BMI. For Black or Hispanic adults, a 10% increase in exposure to chain restaurant calories per capita was associated with a 0.16 percentage-point increase in BMI (95% CI 0.03, 0.30). This translates into a predicted weight increase of 0.89 pounds (or a 0.53% BMI increase) for an average weight woman at the 90th percentile of increases in the restaurant environment from 2012 to 2015 versus an increase 0.39 pounds (or 0.23% BMI increase) at the 10th percentile. Greater increases in exposure to chain restaurant calories also significantly increased BMI for Black or Hispanic adults receiving healthcare services in lower-income counties (0.26, 95% CI 0.04, 0.49) and with overweight/obesity (0.16, 95% CI 0.04, 0.29). LIMITATIONS Generalizability to non-chain restaurants is unknown and the sample of athenahealth patients is relatively homogenous. CONCLUSIONS Increased exposure to chain restaurant calories per capita was associated with increased weight gain among Black or Hispanic adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara N Bleich
- Department of Health Policy and Management, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Jesse C Jones-Smith
- Department of Health Services, University of Washington School of Public Health, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Marian P Jarlenski
- Department of Health Policy and Management, University of Pittsburgh Graduate School of Public Health, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Julia A Wolfson
- Department of Health Management and Policy, Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Johannah M Frelier
- Department of Health Policy and Management, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Huiru Tao
- Department of Health Policy and Management, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yuchen Hu
- Department of Health Policy and Management, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Health Services, University of Washington School of Public Health, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Health Policy and Management, University of Pittsburgh Graduate School of Public Health, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Health Management and Policy, Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Health Policy and Management, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Anna Zink
- Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Caroline G Dunn
- Department of Health Policy and Management, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Mark J Soto
- Department of Health Policy and Management, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Bradley J Herring
- Department of Health Policy and Management, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Canalia C, Pinho MGM, Lakerveld J, Mackenbach JD. Field Validation of Commercially Available Food Retailer Data in the Netherlands. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17061946. [PMID: 32188152 PMCID: PMC7143735 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17061946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Revised: 03/12/2020] [Accepted: 03/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to validate a Dutch commercial dataset containing information on the types and locations of food retailers against field audit data. Field validation of a commercial dataset ("Locatus") was conducted in February 2019. Data on the location and classification of food retailers were collected through field audits in 152 streets from four urban and four rural neighborhoods in the Netherlands. The classification of food retailers included eight types of grocery stores (e.g., supermarkets, bakeries) and four types of food outlets (e.g., cafés, take away restaurants). The commercial dataset in the studied area listed 322 food retailers, whereas the field audit counted 315 food retailers. Overall, the commercially available data showed "good" to "excellent" agreement statistics (>0.71) with field audit data for all three levels of analysis (i.e., location, classification and both combined) and across urban as well as rural areas. The commercial dataset under study provided an accurate description of the measured food environment. Therefore, policymakers and researchers should feel confident in using this commercial dataset as a source of secondary data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cesare Canalia
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1117 de Boelelaan, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (C.C.); (M.G.M.P.); (J.L.)
| | - Maria Gabriela M. Pinho
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1117 de Boelelaan, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (C.C.); (M.G.M.P.); (J.L.)
- Upstream Team, Amsterdam UMC, 1117 de Boelelaan, The Netherlands
| | - Jeroen Lakerveld
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1117 de Boelelaan, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (C.C.); (M.G.M.P.); (J.L.)
- Upstream Team, Amsterdam UMC, 1117 de Boelelaan, The Netherlands
- Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Faculty of Geosciences, Department of Human Geography and Spatial Planning, Utrecht University, 3508 TC Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Joreintje D. Mackenbach
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1117 de Boelelaan, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (C.C.); (M.G.M.P.); (J.L.)
- Upstream Team, Amsterdam UMC, 1117 de Boelelaan, The Netherlands
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +031-20-444-8198
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26
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An R, He L, Shen MJ. Impact of neighbourhood food environment on diet and obesity in China: a systematic review. Public Health Nutr 2020; 23:457-473. [PMID: 31511114 PMCID: PMC10200541 DOI: 10.1017/s1368980019002167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2019] [Revised: 04/17/2019] [Accepted: 05/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study systematically reviewed literature on the neighbourhood food environment in relation to diet and obesity among residents in China. DESIGN A keyword search of peer-reviewed articles was performed in Cochrane Library, PubMed, and Web of Science. Eligibility criteria include study designs: longitudinal/cohort studies or cross-sectional studies; study participants: people of all ages; exposures: neighbourhood food environment (e.g. restaurants, supermarkets, wet markets, fast-food restaurants, or convenience stores); outcomes: diet and/or body weight status; and country: China. RESULTS Seventeen studies met all criteria and were included. Among the eight studies that assessed the neighbourhood food environment in relation to diet, six reported at least one statistically significant relationship in the expected direction, whereas the remaining two exclusively reported null effects. Among the eleven studies that assessed the neighbourhood food environment in relation to body weight or overweight/obesity, ten reported a significant association whereas the remaining one reported a null relationship. Variety, density, and proximity of food outlets were positively associated with local residents' dietary diversity, portion size, and daily caloric intake. Density and proximity of fast-food restaurants and convenience stores were positively associated with local residents' adiposity in some but not all studies. Evidence linking any specific food outlet type to diet/obesity remains lacking due to the small number of studies and heterogeneities in food environment measures, geographical locations, and population subgroups. CONCLUSIONS The neighbourhood food environment may influence diet and obesity among Chinese residents but the evidence remains preliminary. Future studies adopting an experimental study design and objective/validated environment and dietary measures are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruopeng An
- Guangzhou Sport University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510620China
- Brown School, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, 63130USA
| | - Li He
- College of Physical Education and Sports, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875China
| | - Ms Jing Shen
- Overseas Chinese College, Capital University of Economics and Business, Beijing, China
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27
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Shvetsov YB, Shariff-Marco S, Yang J, Conroy SM, Canchola AJ, Albright CL, Park SY, Monroe KR, Le Marchand L, Gomez SL, Wilkens LR, Cheng I. Association of change in the neighborhood obesogenic environment with colorectal cancer risk: The Multiethnic Cohort Study. SSM Popul Health 2020; 10:100532. [PMID: 31909167 PMCID: PMC6940713 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssmph.2019.100532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2019] [Revised: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Neighborhood environment has been associated with health behaviors. Despite the evidence of the influence of neighborhood social and physical factors on cancer risk, no research has evaluated whether changes in the neighborhood obesogenic environment, either by physical moves to different neighborhoods or experiencing neighborhood redevelopment or neglect, affect cancer risk. Methods The association of change in neighborhood environment attributes (socioeconomic status, population density, restaurant and retail food environments, numbers of recreational facilities and businesses, commute patterns, traffic density, and street connectivity) with colorectal cancer (CRC) risk was examined among 95,472 Los Angeles, CA, Multiethnic Cohort participants, including 2295 invasive CRC cases diagnosed between 1993 and 2010 using Cox proportional hazards regression, adjusting for age, race/ethnicity, other risk factors including BMI and physical activity, and baseline levels of neighborhood attributes. Stratified analyses were conducted by racial/ethnic group and moving status. Results 40% of participants moved (changed physical residence) during follow-up. Across all races/ethnicities, upward change in population density was statistically significantly associated with higher CRC risk among male and female non-movers (HR: 1.35 and 1.41, respectively). The same association was also observed separately among female African American and Japanese American non-movers, male Latino non-movers, female African American and male White movers. Downward change in population density was significantly related to higher CRC risk among female non-movers (HR: 1.33). Downward change in traffic density was associated with lower CRC risk among male non-movers but with higher CRC risk among female movers (HR: 0.66 and 1.43, respectively). Downward changes in street connectivity or the number of recreational facilities were associated with higher CRC risk (HR: 1.34 and 1.54, respectively). Upward change in the number of recreational facilities was associated with lower CRC risk among female non-movers (HR: 0.70). Changes in the other neighborhood attributes did not exhibit significant associations with CRC risk within more than one racial/ethnic group. Conclusion Changes over time in neighborhood attributes have an effect on the risk of colorectal cancer, which is separate from the baseline levels of the same attributes and individual-level risk factors, and differs between sexes, movers and non-movers and across racial/ethnic groups. A person's neighborhood environment can change due to physical moves or neighborhood redevelopment. Association of change in neighborhood environment with colorectal cancer risk was examined. The California part of the Multiethnic Cohort was used for the analysis. Upward change in population density was associated with higher colorectal cancer risk among non-movers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Salma Shariff-Marco
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Juan Yang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Shannon M Conroy
- Department of Public Health Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Alison J Canchola
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Cheryl L Albright
- University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI, USA.,University of Hawaii at Manoa, School of Nursing and Dental Hygiene, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - Song-Yi Park
- University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | | | | | - Scarlett Lin Gomez
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | - Iona Cheng
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
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Elbel B, Tamura K, McDermott ZT, Wu E, Schwartz AE. Childhood Obesity and the Food Environment: A Population-Based Sample of Public School Children in New York City. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2020; 28:65-72. [PMID: 31675159 PMCID: PMC6925337 DOI: 10.1002/oby.22663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2018] [Accepted: 09/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to examine the relationship between proximity to healthy and unhealthy food outlets around children's homes and their weight outcomes. METHODS A total of 3,507,542 student-year observations of height and weight data from the 2009-2013 annual FitnessGram assessment of New York City public school students were used. BMI z scores were calculated, student obesity or obesity/overweight was determined using Centers for Disease Control and Prevention growth charts, and these data were combined with the locations of four food outlet types (fast-food restaurants, wait-service restaurants, corner stores, and supermarkets) to calculate distance to the nearest outlet. Associations between weight status outcomes and distance to these food outlet types were examined using neighborhood (census tract) fixed effects. RESULTS Living farther than 0.025 mile (about half of a city block) from the nearest fast-food restaurant was associated with lower obesity and obesity/overweight risk and lower BMI z scores. Results ranged from 2.5% to 4.4% decreased obesity. Beyond this distance, there were generally no impacts of the food environment and little to no impact of other food outlet types. CONCLUSIONS Proximity to fast-food restaurants was inversely related to childhood obesity, but no relationships beyond that were seen. These findings can help better inform policies focused on food access, which could, in turn, reduce childhood obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian Elbel
- Department of Population Health, School of Medicine, New York University, New York, New York, USA
- Wagner Graduate School of Public Service, New York University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Kosuke Tamura
- Cardiovascular Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Zachary T McDermott
- Wagner Graduate School of Public Service, New York University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Erilia Wu
- Department of Population Health, School of Medicine, New York University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Amy Ellen Schwartz
- Center for Policy Research, Maxwell School for Citizenship and Public Affairs, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York, USA
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29
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Drewnowski A, Buszkiewicz J, Aggarwal A, Rose C, Gupta S, Bradshaw A. Obesity and the Built Environment: A Reappraisal. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2020; 28:22-30. [PMID: 31782242 PMCID: PMC6986313 DOI: 10.1002/oby.22672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2019] [Accepted: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The built environment (BE) has been viewed as an important determinant of health. Numerous studies have linked BE exposure, captured using a variety of methods, to diet quality and to area prevalence of obesity, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease. First-generation studies defined the neighborhood BE as the area around the home. Second-generation studies turned from home-centric to person-centric BE measures, capturing an individual's movements in space and time. Those studies made effective uses of global positioning system tracking devices and mobile phones, sometimes coupled with accelerometers and remote sensors. Activity space metrics explored travel paths, modes, and destinations to assess BE exposure that was both person and context specific. However, as measures of the contextual exposome have become ever more fine-grained and increasingly complex, connections to long-term chronic diseases with complex etiologies, such as obesity, are in danger of being lost. Furthermore, few studies on obesity and the BE have included intermediate energy balance behaviors, such as diet and physical activity, or explored the potential roles of social interactions or psychosocial pathways. Emerging survey-based applications that identify habitual destinations and associated travel patterns may become the third generation of tools to capture health-relevant BE exposures in the long term.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Drewnowski
- Center for Public Health Nutrition, School of Public Health, University of Washington
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Washington
| | - James Buszkiewicz
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Washington
| | - Anju Aggarwal
- Center for Public Health Nutrition, School of Public Health, University of Washington
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Washington
| | - Chelsea Rose
- Center for Public Health Nutrition, School of Public Health, University of Washington
| | - Shilpi Gupta
- Center for Public Health Nutrition, School of Public Health, University of Washington
| | - Annie Bradshaw
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Washington
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30
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Dornelles A. Impact of multiple food environments on body mass index. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0219365. [PMID: 31390365 PMCID: PMC6685601 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0219365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2018] [Accepted: 06/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Although the relationship between residential food environments and health outcomes have been extensively studied, the relationship between body mass index (BMI) and multiple food environments have not been fully explored. We examined the relationship between characteristics of three distinct food environments and BMI among elementary school employees in the metropolitan area of New Orleans, LA. We assessed the food environments around the residential and worksite neighborhoods and the commuting corridors. Research methodology/principal findings This study combined data from three different sources: individual and worksite data (ACTION), food retailer database (Dunn and Bradstreet), and the U.S. Census TIGER/Line Files. Spatial and hierarchical analyses were performed to explore the impact of predictors at the individual and environmental levels on BMI. When the three food environments were combined, the number of supermarkets and the number of grocery stores at residential food environment had a significant association with BMI (β = 0.56 and β = 0.24, p < 0.01), whereas the number of full-service restaurants showed an inverse relationship with BMI (β = -0.15, p < 0.001). For the commute corridor food environment, it was found that each additional fast-food restaurant in a vicinity of one kilometer traveled contributed to a higher BMI (β = 0.80, p <0.05), while adjusting for other factors. No statistical associations were found between BMI and worksite food environment. Conclusions The current study was the first to examine the relationship between BMI and food environments around residential neighborhoods, work neighborhoods, and the commuting corridor. Significant results were found between BMI and the availability of food stores around residential neighborhoods and the commuting corridor, adjusted for individual-level factors. This study expands the analysis beyond residential neighborhoods, illustrating the importance of multiple environmental factors in relation to BMI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Dornelles
- Department of Economics, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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31
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Jia P, Xue H, Cheng X, Wang Y. Effects of school neighborhood food environments on childhood obesity at multiple scales: a longitudinal kindergarten cohort study in the USA. BMC Med 2019; 17:99. [PMID: 31117993 PMCID: PMC6532159 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-019-1329-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2019] [Accepted: 04/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND School neighborhood food environment is recognized as an important contributor to childhood obesity; however, large-scale and longitudinal studies remain limited. This study aimed to examine this association and its variation across gender and urbanicity at multiple geographic scales. METHODS We used the US nationally representative Early Childhood Longitudinal Study-Kindergarten cohort data and included 7530 kindergarteners followed up from 1998 to 2007. The Census, road network, and Dun and Bradstreet commercial datasets were used to construct time-varying measurements of 11 types of food outlet within 800-m straight-line and road-network buffer zones of schools and school ZIP codes, including supermarket, convenience store, full-service restaurant, fast-food restaurant, retail bakery, dairy product store, health/dietetic food store, candy store, fruit/vegetable market, meat/fish market, and beverage store. Two-level mixed-effect and cluster-robust logistic regression models were performed to examine the association. RESULTS A higher body mass index (BMI) in 2007 was observed among children experiencing an increase of convenience stores in school neighborhoods during 1998-2007 (β = 0.39, p < 0.05), especially among girls (β = 0.50) and urban schoolchildren (β = 0.41), as well as among children with a decrease of dairy product stores (β = 0.39, p < 0.05), especially among boys (β = 1.86) and urban schoolchildren (β = 0.92). The higher obesity risk was associated with the increase of fast-food restaurants in urban schoolchildren (OR = 1.27 [95% CI = 1.02-1.59]) and of convenience stores in girls (OR = 1.41 [95% CI = 1.09-1.82]) and non-urban schoolchildren (OR = 1.60 [95% CI = 1.10-2.33]). The increase of full-service restaurants was related to lower obesity risk in boys (OR = 0.74 [95% CI = 0.57-0.95]). The decrease of dairy product stores was associated with the higher obesity risk (OR = 1.68 [95% CI = 1.07-2.65]), especially boys (OR = 2.92 [95% CI = 1.58-5.40]) and urban schoolchildren (OR = 1.67 [95% CI = 1.07-2.61]). The schoolchildren exposed to the decrease of meat/fish markets showed the lower obesity risk (OR = 0.57 [95% CI = 0.35-0.91]), especially urban schoolchildren (OR = 0.53 [95% CI = 0.32-0.87]). Results from analyses within 800-m straight-line buffer zones of schools were more consistent with our theory-based hypotheses than those from analyses within 800-m road-network buffer zones of schools and school ZIP codes. CONCLUSIONS National data in the USA suggest that long-term exposure to the food environment around schools could affect childhood obesity risk; this association varied across gender and urbanicity. This study has important public health implications for future school-based dietary intervention design and urban planning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Jia
- GeoHealth Initiative, Department of Earth Observation Science, Faculty of Geo-information Science and Earth Observation (ITC), University of Twente, 7500, Enschede, Netherlands. .,International Initiative on Spatial Lifecourse Epidemiology (ISLE), Enschede, Netherlands.
| | - Hong Xue
- Department of Health Behavior and Policy, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, 23298, USA
| | - Xi Cheng
- Department of Geography, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, 14261, USA
| | - Youfa Wang
- Systems-Oriented Global Childhood Obesity Intervention Program, Fisher Institute of Health and Well-Being, College of Health, Ball State University, Muncie, IN, 47306, USA. .,Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences, College of Health, Ball State University, Muncie, IN, 47306, USA.
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32
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Wilkins E, Radley D, Morris M, Hobbs M, Christensen A, Marwa WL, Morrin A, Griffiths C. A systematic review employing the GeoFERN framework to examine methods, reporting quality and associations between the retail food environment and obesity. Health Place 2019; 57:186-199. [PMID: 31060018 DOI: 10.1016/j.healthplace.2019.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2018] [Revised: 01/24/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
This systematic review quantifies methods used to measure the 'retail food environment' (RFE), appraises the quality of methodological reporting, and examines associations with obesity, accounting for differences in methods. Only spatial measures of the RFE, such as food outlet proximity were included. Across the 113 included studies, methods for measuring the RFE were extremely diverse, yet reporting of methods was poor (average reporting quality score: 58.6%). Null associations dominated across all measurement methods, comprising 76.0% of 1937 associations in total. Outcomes varied across measurement methods (e.g. narrow definitions of 'supermarket': 20.7% negative associations vs 1.7% positive; broad definitions of 'supermarket': 9.0% negative associations vs 10.4% positive). Researchers should report methods more clearly, and should articulate findings in the context of the measurement methods employed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Wilkins
- Carnegie School of Sport, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds, UK.
| | - Duncan Radley
- Carnegie School of Sport, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds, UK
| | - Michelle Morris
- Leeds Institute for Data Analytics, School of Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Matthew Hobbs
- Carnegie School of Sport, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds, UK; GeoHealth Laboratory, Geospatial Research Institute, University of Canterbury, Canterbury, New Zealand
| | | | | | - Adele Morrin
- Carnegie School of Sport, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds, UK
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Drewnowski A, Arterburn D, Zane J, Aggarwal A, Gupta S, Hurvitz P, Moudon A, Bobb J, Cook A, Lozano P, Rosenberg D. The Moving to Health (M2H) approach to natural experiment research: A paradigm shift for studies on built environment and health. SSM Popul Health 2019; 7:100345. [PMID: 30656207 PMCID: PMC6329830 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssmph.2018.100345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2018] [Revised: 12/22/2018] [Accepted: 12/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Improving the built environment (BE) is viewed as one strategy to improve community diets and health. The present goal is to review the literature on the effects of BE on health, highlight its limitations, and explore the growing use of natural experiments in BE research, such as the advent of new supermarkets, revitalized parks, or new transportation systems. Based on recent studies on movers, a paradigm shift in built-environment health research may be imminent. Following the classic Moving to Opportunity study in the US, the present Moving to Health (M2H) strategy takes advantage of the fact that changing residential location can entail overnight changes in multiple BE variables. The necessary conditions for applying the M2H strategy to Geographic Information Systems (GIS) databases and to large longitudinal cohorts are outlined below. Also outlined are significant limitations of this approach, including the use of electronic medical records in lieu of survey data. The key research question is whether documented changes in BE exposure can be linked to changes in health outcomes in a causal manner. The use of geo-localized clinical information from regional health care systems should permit new insights into the social and environmental determinants of health.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Drewnowski
- Center for Public Health Nutrition, 305 Raitt Hall, #353410, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195-03410, USA
| | - D. Arterburn
- Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, 1730 Minor Ave. Suite 1600, Seattle, WA 98101, USA
| | - J. Zane
- Center for Public Health Nutrition, 305 Raitt Hall, #353410, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195-03410, USA
| | - A. Aggarwal
- Center for Public Health Nutrition, 305 Raitt Hall, #353410, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195-03410, USA
| | - S. Gupta
- Center for Public Health Nutrition, 305 Raitt Hall, #353410, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195-03410, USA
| | - P.M. Hurvitz
- Urban Form Lab, Department of Urban Design and Planning, College of Built Environments, University of Washington, 1107 NE 45th Street, Suite 535, Seattle, WA 98195-4802, USA
| | - A.V. Moudon
- Urban Form Lab, Department of Urban Design and Planning, College of Built Environments, University of Washington, 1107 NE 45th Street, Suite 535, Seattle, WA 98195-4802, USA
| | - J. Bobb
- Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, 1730 Minor Ave. Suite 1600, Seattle, WA 98101, USA
| | - A. Cook
- Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, 1730 Minor Ave. Suite 1600, Seattle, WA 98101, USA
| | - P. Lozano
- Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, 1730 Minor Ave. Suite 1600, Seattle, WA 98101, USA
| | - D. Rosenberg
- Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, 1730 Minor Ave. Suite 1600, Seattle, WA 98101, USA
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Theall KP, Chaparro MP, Denstel K, Bilfield A, Drury SS. Childhood obesity and the associated roles of neighborhood and biologic stress. Prev Med Rep 2019; 14:100849. [PMID: 30956941 PMCID: PMC6434160 DOI: 10.1016/j.pmedr.2019.100849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2018] [Revised: 03/08/2019] [Accepted: 03/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Exposure to violence and obesity continues to be growing epidemics, particularly among children. Our objective was to increase our understanding of the association between neighborhood violence exposure and children's weight and how biologic stress may mediate this relation. A matched, community-recruited cross-sectional study of 90 children, ages 5–16 years, from 52 neighborhoods took place in the greater New Orleans, LA area between 2012 and 2013. Children were matched on their propensity for living in a high violence neighborhood and previous exposure to Hurricane Katrina. Primary neighborhood exposure included violent crime, operationalized as crime rates within specific radii of children's home. Rates of exposure within 500, 1000 and 2000 meter radii from the child's home were calculated. Primary outcomes were body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference, and the primary mediator was telomere length (TL), a marker of cellular aging. Significant variation in obesity and TL was observed at the neighborhood level and violent crime was significantly associated with weight status, with an increase of 1.24 units in BMI for each additional violent crime in the child's neighborhood and a significant mediated or indirect effect of TL in the crime-BMI relation (0.32, 95% bootstrapped CI = 0.05, 0.81; 32% total mediated effect). Findings strengthen existing evidence linking neighborhood violence to childhood health and identify biologic stress, indexed by TL, as one mechanistic pathway by which neighborhood violence may influence childhood obesity. Neighborhood violence may be an important target for interventions focused on reducing obesity and other stress related health outcomes in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine P Theall
- Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA, United States of America
| | - M Pia Chaparro
- Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA, United States of America
| | - Kara Denstel
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA, United States of America
| | - Alissa Bilfield
- Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA, United States of America
| | - Stacy S Drury
- Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, United States of America
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Morgan Hughey S, Kaczynski AT, Porter DE, Hibbert J, Turner-McGrievy G, Liu J. Development and testing of a multicomponent obesogenic built environment measure for youth using kernel density estimations. Health Place 2019; 56:174-183. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healthplace.2019.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2018] [Revised: 11/28/2018] [Accepted: 01/14/2019] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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Describing Food and Beverage Restaurants: Creating A Reliable Coding Tool. HEALTH BEHAVIOR AND POLICY REVIEW 2019; 6:152-165. [PMID: 33860065 DOI: 10.14485/hbpr.6.2.4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Objective To develop an informed, reliable data collection tool to code restaurants found within the youth food environment. Methods Registered Dietitians were surveyed and academic literature review was reviewed to determine health centric food environment features. Features were incorporated into an electronic data collection tool. Inter-rater reliability was tested across coders of varying nutrition training on all restaurants located within a half-mile of three high schools. Results Sixteen restaurant food environment codes were generated. Data collection had a mean inter-rater reliability of 90.7% agreement (range=81.3-100%), suggesting that regardless of nutrition training, the restaurant food environment can be reliability coded. Conclusions Academic and public health professionals can use this tool to collect reliable, informed local restaurant food environment data.
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Obesity and Urban Environments. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:ijerph16030464. [PMID: 30764541 PMCID: PMC6388392 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16030464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2019] [Accepted: 02/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is a major public health issue, affecting both developed and developing societies. Obesity increases the risk for heart disease, stroke, some cancers, and type II diabetes. While individual behaviours are important risk factors, impacts on obesity and overweight of the urban physical and social environment have figured large in the recent epidemiological literature, though evidence is incomplete and from a limited range of countries. Prominent among identified environmental influences are urban layout and sprawl, healthy food access, exercise access, and the neighbourhood social environment. This paper reviews the literature and highlights the special issue contributions within that literature.
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Neighborhoods and Breast Cancer Survival: The Case for an Archetype Approach. ENERGY BALANCE AND CANCER 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-18408-7_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Zhang H, Yin L. A Meta-analysis of the Literature on the Association of the Social and Built Environment With Obesity: Identifying Factors in Need of More In-Depth Research. Am J Health Promot 2018; 33:792-805. [DOI: 10.1177/0890117118817713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Objective: This study aims to identify groups of the social and built environment factors that have been studied substantially along with factors that need further attention, to guide the research, designing, and planning of the social and built environment for reducing obesity prevalence. Data Source: A systematic search of literature was undertaken from PubMed, Google Scholar, and Web of Knowledge. Study Inclusion and Exclusion Criteria: Keyword combination of “built environment,” “social environment,” and “obesity” were used to expand the search scope. Exclusion criteria included (1) any article with less than 50 citations from 2005 to 2010, and those with less than 25 citations from 2011 to 2015. In this way we included the most prominent peer-reviewed studies published in recent years while excluding less influential publications; (2) any article published in a language other than English; (3) literature review articles; (4) any article studying health outcomes not obesity related. We included research on eating behaviors since the studies contributed profoundly to food environment research. Data Synthesis: A meta-analysis of 153 empirical studies, selected from 2005 to 2015 based on a series of criteria, was conducted using factor analysis. The exploratory factor analysis was undertaken to group the prevalence and use of the social and built environment factors associated with obesity. Results: The findings suggested that the research community has gained a substantial understanding of the D variables of the built environment, including density, diversity, design, distance to transit, and destination access. Factors concerning different age groups, minority populations, groups with low socioeconomic status, food environment, and street-level urban design features have been less examined. Conclusions: The findings are important to guide future research directions, giving more attention to the factors in need of more in-depth research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Zhang
- Department of Urban and Regional Planning, School of Architecture and Planning, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Li Yin
- Department of Urban and Regional Planning, School of Architecture and Planning, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
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McGuirt JT, Jilcott Pitts SB, Gustafson A. Association between Spatial Access to Food Outlets, Frequency of Grocery Shopping, and Objectively-Assessed and Self-Reported Fruit and Vegetable Consumption. Nutrients 2018; 10:E1974. [PMID: 30551652 PMCID: PMC6316649 DOI: 10.3390/nu10121974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2018] [Revised: 12/04/2018] [Accepted: 12/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Because supermarkets are a critical part of the community food environment, the purpose of this paper is to examine the association between accessibility to the supermarket where participants were surveyed, frequency of shopping at the supermarket, and self-reported and objectively-assessed fruit and vegetable consumption. Accessibility was assessed using Geographic Information Systems (GIS) measured distance and multiple versions of the modified Retail Food Environment Index (mRFEI), including a localized road network buffer version. Frequency of shopping was assessed using self-report. The National Cancer Institute Fruit and Vegetable screener was used to calculate daily servings of fruits and vegetables. Skin carotenoids were assessed using the "Veggie Meter™" which utilizes reflection spectroscopy to non-invasively assess skin carotenoids as an objective measure of fruit and vegetable consumption. Bivariate and multivariable statistics were used to examine the associations in RStudio. There was a positive association between skin carotenoids and the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women Infants and Children (WIC) and mRFEI scores, suggesting that WIC participation and a healthier food environment were associated with objectively-assessed fruit and vegetable consumption (skin carotenoids). Future research should examine these associations using longitudinal study designs and larger sample sizes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jared T McGuirt
- Department of Nutrition, School of Health and Human Sciences, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, NC 27412, USA.
| | - Stephanie B Jilcott Pitts
- Department of Public Health, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27834, USA.
| | - Alison Gustafson
- Department of Dietetics and Human Nutrition, School of Human Environmental Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, USA.
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Associations between home and school neighbourhood food environments and adolescents’ fast-food and sugar-sweetened beverage intakes: findings from the Olympic Regeneration in East London (ORiEL) Study. Public Health Nutr 2018; 21:2842-2851. [DOI: 10.1017/s1368980018001477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
AbstractObjectiveTo examine associations between availability of fast-food restaurants and convenience stores in the home and school neighbourhoods, considered separately and together, and adolescents’ fast-food and sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) intakes.DesignCross-sectional observational study.SettingEast London, UK.SubjectsAdolescents (n3089; aged 13–15 years) from the Olympic Regeneration in East London (ORiEL) Study self-reported their weekly frequency of fast-food and SSB consumption. We used food business addresses collected from local authority registers to derive absolute (counts) and relative (proportions) exposure measures to fast-food restaurants and convenience stores within 800 m from home, school, and home and school combined. Associations between absolute and relative measures of the food environment and fast-food and SSB intakes were assessed using Poisson regression models with robust standard errors.ResultsAbsolute exposure to fast-food restaurants or convenience stores in the home, school, or combined home and school neighbourhoods was not associated with any of the outcomes. High SSB intake was associated with relative exposure to convenience stores in the residential neighbourhood (risk ratio=1·45; 95 % CI 1·08, 1·96) and in the home and school neighbourhoods combined (risk ratio=1·69; 95 % CI 1·11, 2·57).ConclusionsWe found no evidence of an association between absolute exposure to fast-food restaurants and convenience stores around home and school and adolescents’ fast-food and SSB intakes. Relative exposure, which measures the local diversity of the neighbourhood food environment, was positively associated with SSB intake. Relative measures of the food environment may better capture the environmental risks for poor diet than absolute measures.
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Shi Y, Cummins SE, Zhu SH. Medical Marijuana Availability, Price, and Product Variety, and Adolescents' Marijuana Use. J Adolesc Health 2018; 63:88-93. [PMID: 30060862 PMCID: PMC6070346 DOI: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2018.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2017] [Revised: 01/08/2018] [Accepted: 01/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE We aimed to examine the availability of medical marijuana dispensaries, price of medical marijuana products, and variety of medical marijuana products in school neighborhoods and their associations with adolescents' use of marijuana and susceptibility to use marijuana in the future. METHODS A representative sample of 8th, 10th, and 12th graders (N = 46,646) from 117 randomly selected schools in California participated in the cross-sectional 2015-2016 California Student Tobacco Survey (CSTS). Characteristics of medical marijuana dispensaries in California were collected and combined with school locations to compute availability, price, and product variety of medical marijuana in school neighborhoods. Multilevel logistic regressions with random intercepts at school level were conducted to test the associations, accounting for individual and school socioeconomic characteristics. RESULTS The distance from school to the nearest medical marijuana dispensary (within 0- to 1-mi and 1- to 3-mi bands) was not associated with adolescents' use of marijuana in the past month or susceptibility to use marijuana in the future, nor was the weighted count of medical marijuana dispensaries within the 3-mi band of school. Neither the product price nor the product variety in the dispensary nearest to school was associated with marijuana use or susceptibility to use. The results were robust to different specifications of medical marijuana measures. CONCLUSIONS There was no evidence supporting the associations of medical marijuana availability, price, or product variety around school with adolescents' marijuana use and susceptibility to use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuyan Shi
- Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, University of California, San Diego, California.
| | - Sharon E Cummins
- Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, University of California, San Diego, California
| | - Shu-Hong Zhu
- Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, University of California, San Diego, California
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How Do African-American Caregivers Navigate a Food Desert to Feed Their Children? A Photovoice Narrative. J Acad Nutr Diet 2018; 118:2045-2056. [PMID: 29934282 DOI: 10.1016/j.jand.2018.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2017] [Accepted: 04/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To determine how African-American caregivers living in a food desert navigate neighborhood resources to procure foods for their children and to identify actions to improve those resources. DESIGN Using the Photovoice approach, we conducted two sets of individual in-depth interviews with 16 African-American primary caregivers of children (total of 32 interviews) and one culminating workshop (n=10 participants). Data were systematically analyzed according to the Social Ecological Framework to evaluate the role of different environments in shaping individual decisions. SETTING Urban, low-income and geographically marginalized neighborhoods. RESULTS Despite the challenges of living in a food desert, caregivers perceived that they were providing the foods that they wanted for their children. These perceptions were based on their own health concerns, food customs, time and convenience, and responses to their children's food preferences. Caregivers were resourceful in how they procured these foods, searching for quality and better-priced foods. They relied on their friends, family, and local/national programs to mitigate the challenges of the food desert. Caregivers were interested in taking action to improve the underlying determinants of food access and choice (eg, affordable housing, job training, nutrition knowledge, food shopping experience). CONCLUSION These African-American caregivers procured foods they thought were best for their children by relying on their strong social relationships and national and local food programs to navigate the food desert. Public health nutrition interventions that aim to reduce diet-related disparities should look beyond the presence or absence of supermarkets in food deserts to address multisectoral determinants of access while shaping food choices.
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Gorski Findling MT, Wolfson JA, Rimm EB, Bleich SN. Differences in the Neighborhood Retail Food Environment and Obesity Among US Children and Adolescents by SNAP Participation. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2018; 26:1063-1071. [PMID: 29797558 PMCID: PMC5975976 DOI: 10.1002/oby.22184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2017] [Revised: 03/05/2018] [Accepted: 03/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The goal of this study was to understand the association between children's neighborhood food access and overweight/obesity in a national sample of US households, and whether this association differs by Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) participation or household purchases. METHODS Data were obtained from the National Household Food Acquisition and Purchase Survey (2012-2013; n = 3,748 children aged 2 to 18 years). Logistic regression was used to examine associations between neighborhood retail food access (≤1 mile from home), food purchases (including sugary beverages), and overweight/obesity, stratified by SNAP status (1,720 participants, 453 eligible nonparticipants, 1,575 SNAP ineligible). Store types included supermarkets/grocery, combination grocery/other (independent drug, dollar, and general stores), convenience, fast food, and non-fast food restaurants. RESULTS Odds of childhood overweight/obesity (OR [95% CI]) were higher with greater access to combination grocery/other stores overall (1.10 [1.03-1.17]) and for children in SNAP (1.14 [1.05-1.24]). Eligible non-SNAP children had higher odds of overweight/obesity with greater access to convenience stores (1.11 [1.04-1.18]). The average child lived in a household with 6.3% of total spending at food outlets on sugary beverages (SNAP: 8.3%, eligible non-SNAP: 7.7%, SNAP ineligible: 5.5%). CONCLUSIONS Greater neighborhood access to combination grocery/other stores is associated with higher obesity prevalence for children overall and those in SNAP.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Julia A. Wolfson
- Departments of Health Management and Policy and Nutritional Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Eric B. Rimm
- Departments of Epidemiology and Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts and Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sara N. Bleich
- Department of Health Policy and Management, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Timperio A, Crawford D, Leech RM, Lamb KE, Ball K. Patterning of neighbourhood food outlets and longitudinal associations with children's eating behaviours. Prev Med 2018; 111:248-253. [PMID: 29545161 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2018.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2017] [Revised: 02/27/2018] [Accepted: 03/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
This study examined cross-sectional and prospective associations between typologies of neighbourhood food environment and dietary patterns among 10-12 year-old children. Baseline data were collected in 2003 and follow-up data in 2006 from children in Melbourne or Geelong. Parents completed a food frequency questionnaire at both time points. 'Healthful' and 'energy-dense' dietary pattern scores were computed. A Geographic Information System was used to determine the presence or absence of food outlets (cafés/restaurant; fast food; supermarkets/grocery stores; convenience store; greengrocer; and butcher, seafood or poultry retailer) within an 800 m road network buffer of home. Three typologies were identified: 1-variety of food outlets, including those selling core/fresh foods (n = 96); 2-café/restaurant and convenience (n = 160); 3-few types of outlets (n = 208). Latent class analysis was used to identify underlying unobservable typologies of neighbourhood food outlet availability. Linear mixed models were fitted to determine cross-sectional (n = 439) and longitudinal (n = 173) associations between the three identified neighbourhood typologies and each (log-transformed) dietary pattern, accounting for clustering within families and schools. There was little evidence of cross-sectional associations. The longitudinal analyses showed that compared to those with a variety of food outlets, those with few types had 25% lower scores for the healthful dietary pattern (p < 0.05) three years later. For optimal dietary patterns, availability of a variety of food outlets close to home, particularly those where core/fresh foods are available, may be important.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Timperio
- Deakin University, Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), Geelong, Australia.
| | - David Crawford
- Deakin University, Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), Geelong, Australia
| | - Rebecca M Leech
- Deakin University, Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), Geelong, Australia
| | - Karen E Lamb
- Deakin University, Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), Geelong, Australia
| | - Kylie Ball
- Deakin University, Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), Geelong, Australia
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Green MA, Radley D, Lomax N, Morris MA, Griffiths C. Is adolescent body mass index and waist circumference associated with the food environments surrounding schools and homes? A longitudinal analysis. BMC Public Health 2018; 18:482. [PMID: 29716577 PMCID: PMC5930416 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-018-5383-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2017] [Accepted: 03/27/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There has been considerable interest in the role of access to unhealthy food options as a determinant of weight status. There is conflict across the literature as to the existence of such an association, partly due to the dominance of cross-sectional study designs and inconsistent definitions of the food environment. The aim of our study is to use longitudinal data to examine if features of the food environment are associated to measures of adolescent weight status. METHODS Data were collected from secondary schools in Leeds (UK) and included measurements at school years 7 (ages 11/12), 9 (13/14), and 11 (15/16). Outcome variables, for weight status, were standardised body mass index and standardised waist circumference. Explanatory variables included the number of fast food outlets, supermarkets and 'other retail outlets' located within a 1 km radius of an individual's home or school, and estimated travel route between these locations (with a 500 m buffer). Multi-level models were fit to analyse the association (adjusted for confounders) between the explanatory and outcome variables. We also examined changes in our outcome variables between each time period. RESULTS We found few associations between the food environment and measures of adolescent weight status. Where significant associations were detected, they mainly demonstrated a positive association between the number of amenities and weight status (although effect sizes were small). Examining changes in weight status between time periods produced mainly non-significant or inconsistent associations. CONCLUSIONS Our study found little consistent evidence of an association between features of the food environment and adolescent weight status. It suggests that policy efforts focusing on the food environment may have a limited effect at tackling the high prevalence of obesity if not supported by additional strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark A Green
- Department of Geography & Planning, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK.
| | - Duncan Radley
- Carnegie School of Sport, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds, UK
| | - Nik Lomax
- School of Geography, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK.,Leeds Institute of Data Analytics, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Michelle A Morris
- Leeds Institute of Data Analytics, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK.,Leeds Institute for Biomedical and Clinical Services, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
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Promoting Social Nurturance and Positive Social Environments to Reduce Obesity in High-Risk Youth. Clin Child Fam Psychol Rev 2018; 20:64-77. [PMID: 28229248 DOI: 10.1007/s10567-017-0230-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Nurturing environments within the context of families, schools, and communities all play an important role in enhancing youth's behavioral choices and health outcomes. The increasing prevalence rates of obesity among youth, especially among low income and ethnic minorities, highlight the need to develop effective and innovative intervention approaches that promote positive supportive environments across different contexts for at-risk youth. We propose that the integration of Social Cognitive Theory, Family Systems Theory, and Self-Determination Theory offers a useful framework for understanding how individual, family, and social-environmental-level factors contribute to the development of nurturing environments. In this paper, we summarize evidence-based randomized controlled trials that integrate positive parenting, motivational, and behavioral skills strategies in different contexts, including primary care, home, community, and school-based settings. Taken together, these studies suggest that youth and parents are most likely to benefit when youth receive individual-level behavioral skills, family-level support and communication, and autonomous motivational support from the broader social environment. Future investigators and healthcare providers should consider integrating these evidence-based approaches that support the effects of positive social climate-based interventions on promoting healthy eating, physical activity, and weight management in youth.
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Patterns of food and physical activity environments related to children's food and activity behaviors: A latent class analysis. Health Place 2017; 49:19-29. [PMID: 29156415 DOI: 10.1016/j.healthplace.2017.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2017] [Revised: 10/09/2017] [Accepted: 11/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Relationships between food and physical activity (PA) environments and children's related behaviors are complex. Latent class analyses derived patterns from proximity to healthy and unhealthy food outlets, PA facilities and parks, and counts of residential dwellings and intersections. Regression analyses examined whether derived classes were related to food consumption, PA, and overweight among 404 low-income children. Compared to children living in Low PA-Low Food environments, children in High Intersection&Parks-Moderate Density&Food, and High Density-Low Parks-High Food environments, had significantly greater sugar-sweetened beverage consumption (ps<0.01) and overweight/obesity (ps<0.001). Children in the High Density-Low Parks-High Food environments were more likely to walk to destinations (p = 0.01) Recognizing and leveraging beneficial aspects of neighborhood patterns may be more effective at positively influencing children's eating and PA behaviors compared to isolating individual aspects of the built environment.
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Wilde P, Steiner A, Ver Ploeg M. For Low-Income Americans, Living ≤1 Mile (≤1.6 km) from the Nearest Supermarket Is Not Associated with Self-Reported Household Food Security. Curr Dev Nutr 2017; 1:e001446. [PMID: 29955686 PMCID: PMC5998793 DOI: 10.3945/cdn.117.001446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2017] [Revised: 08/11/2017] [Accepted: 10/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Motivated by concern over lack of access to nutritious food in low-income neighborhoods, healthy food financing initiatives have encouraged the introduction of new supermarkets. Extensive research on the association between the food retail environment and nutrition outcomes has shown mixed results. There has been less research specifically on food security outcomes. Objective: We assessed the association between multiple food environment measures and food security for low-income US households. Methods: By using the USDA's nationally representative 2012-2013 Food Acquisition and Purchase Survey (FoodAPS; n = 4826 households), which provides unique information about neighborhood- and household-level food retailer access, we quantified cross-sectional associations between food environment characteristics and household-level outcomes, with and without regression controls. Logistic regression analysis was used for binary household food security outcomes. Results: Most households bypassed the nearest retailer to select a primary retailer farther from home. For low-income households, distance to the nearest supermarket and to the primary retailer was not associated with food security. In comparison to shopping with households' own automobile, the odds of being food secure were lower for households that used another automobile (OR: 0.59; 95% CI: 0.38, 0.90) or other transportation (OR: 0.32; 95% CI: 0.17, 0.61) to reach the primary retailer. Conclusions: Having a closest supermarket ≤1 mile from home was not associated with household food security. In contrast, the mode of transportation used to access the primary retailer was associated with household food security. In future research, it may be valuable to not only focus on the distance to the nearest supermarket but to investigate the qualities of the food retail environment at distances >1 mile that are most strongly associated with food security outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parke Wilde
- Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, MA
| | - Abigail Steiner
- Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, MA
| | - Michele Ver Ploeg
- Food Economics Division, Economic Research Service, USDA, Washington, DC
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50
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An R, Yang Y, Hoschke A, Xue H, Wang Y. Influence of neighbourhood safety on childhood obesity: a systematic review and meta-analysis of longitudinal studies. Obes Rev 2017; 18:1289-1309. [PMID: 28707426 PMCID: PMC6059962 DOI: 10.1111/obr.12585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2017] [Revised: 06/03/2017] [Accepted: 06/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Unsafe residential neighbourhoods are thought to be a risk factor for childhood obesity by discouraging physical activity while encouraging sedentary behaviours, but findings from cross-sectional studies are susceptible to selection bias (e.g. children who are obese disproportionately reside in unsafe neighbourhoods). A literature search was conducted in the Cochrane Library, PubMed, Web of Science and Google Scholar for articles published until January 2017 that used baseline neighbourhood safety levels to predict future weight-related behaviours and body-weight status among children aged 17 years and younger. Twenty-two prospective cohort studies conducted in seven countries were identified. The median sample size was 1,104, and the median follow-up was 3.5 years. Sixteen studies used parent-reported and/or child-reported neighbourhood safety measures, and six adopted some objective measures (e.g. county crime rate and interviewers' block observations). The meta-analysis found that living in unsafe neighbourhoods was associated with a reduction in children's physical activity by 0.13 h week-1 . Living in unsafe neighbourhoods predicted a trivial (but statistically significant) gain in body mass index but no change in childhood overweight/obesity risk. Current research indicates a limited influence of neighbourhood safety on childhood obesity; this finding could be partially due to measurement problems. Future longitudinal studies should adopt validated neighbourhood safety measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruopeng An
- Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL, USA
| | - Yan Yang
- Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL, USA
| | - Alaina Hoschke
- School of Public Health and Health Professions, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Hong Xue
- College of Health, Ball State University, Muncie, IN, USA
| | - Youfa Wang
- College of Health, Ball State University, Muncie, IN, USA
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