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Cheng TW, Mills KL, Pfeifer JH. Revisiting adolescence as a sensitive period for sociocultural processing. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2024; 164:105820. [PMID: 39032845 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2024.105820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 07/05/2024] [Accepted: 07/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024]
Abstract
Waves of research and public discourse have characterized adolescence as periods of developmental risk and opportunity. Underlying this discussion is the recognition that adolescence is a period of major biological and social transition when experience may have an outsized effect on development. This article updates and expands upon prior work suggesting that adolescence may be a sensitive period for sociocultural processing specifically. By integrating evidence from developmental psychology and neuroscience, we identify how trajectories of social and neurobiological development may relate to adolescents' ability to adapt to and learn from their social environments. However, we also highlight gaps in the literature, including challenges in attributing developmental change to adolescent experiences. We discuss the importance of better understanding variability in biology (e.g., pubertal development) and cultural environments, as well as distinguishing between sensitive periods and periods of heightened sensitivity. Finally, we look toward future directions and translational implications of this research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theresa W Cheng
- Department of Psychology, University of Oregon, 1227 University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403-1227, USA; Department of Psychology, Harvard University, 33 Kirkland St., Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.
| | - Kathryn L Mills
- Department of Psychology, University of Oregon, 1227 University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403-1227, USA.
| | - Jennifer H Pfeifer
- Department of Psychology, University of Oregon, 1227 University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403-1227, USA.
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2
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Davis MM, Modi HH, Skymba HV, Haigler K, Finnegan MK, Telzer EH, Rudolph KD. Neural Sensitivity to Peer Feedback and Depressive Symptoms: Moderation by Executive Function. Dev Psychobiol 2024; 66:e22515. [PMID: 38923470 DOI: 10.1002/dev.22515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Theories of adolescent development suggest that elevated neural sensitivity to social evaluation confers tradeoffs for adolescents' wellbeing, promoting adaptation to changing social contexts but increasing risk for emotional distress and depression. This study investigated whether the association between neural processing of peer feedback and depressive symptoms depends on teacher-reported executive function (EF) ability in adolescent girls. Girls showed activation to negative and positive peer feedback in regions implicated in social-emotional processing that interacted with EF to predict depressive symptoms. Specifically, activation predicted more depression in youth with poorer EF but less depression in youth with better EF, suggesting that the impact of increased social sensitivity may depend on youths' ability to regulate this sensitivity in adaptive ways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan M Davis
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Haina H Modi
- Department of Psychology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - Haley V Skymba
- Department of Psychology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - Katherine Haigler
- Human Development and Family Studies, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Texas, USA
| | - Megan K Finnegan
- Department of Psychology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - Eva H Telzer
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Karen D Rudolph
- Department of Psychology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
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3
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Lorenz C, Ferdinand NK. Combined Effects of Social Exclusion and Social Rank Feedback on Risky Decision-Making Across Adolescence. J Youth Adolesc 2024:10.1007/s10964-024-02072-w. [PMID: 39198345 DOI: 10.1007/s10964-024-02072-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 08/19/2024] [Indexed: 09/01/2024]
Abstract
Adolescents' need to belong and concerns about social status are thought to increase risk-taking, however, not much is known about how feedback about social rank and the effects of social exclusion moderate risky decision-making. To this end, the present study examined how social rank feedback moderates the effects of social exclusion on risky decisions during adolescence. The experimental study included a total of 122 participants (11-19 years; 44% female). Participants were randomly assigned to receive either individual or social rank feedback in the Columbia Card Task after social inclusion and exclusion via the Cyberball paradigm. Contrary to expectations, social exclusion led to more cautious decision-making. Mid-adolescents were most influenced by the combination of social exclusion and social rank feedback, while late adolescents became more cautious with individual feedback. These findings suggest that peer influences also have adaptive effects, increasing sensitivity to risk information, with developmental differences in the role of social rank.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corinna Lorenz
- Department of Psychology, University of Wuppertal, Wuppertal, Germany.
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4
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Leer J, Gaither SE, Gassman-Pines A. It's not what you say it's what you do: School diversity ideologies and adolescent mental health and academic engagement. JOURNAL OF RESEARCH ON ADOLESCENCE : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR RESEARCH ON ADOLESCENCE 2024. [PMID: 38989806 DOI: 10.1111/jora.12998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024]
Abstract
This study examined the relation between schools' color-evasive versus multicultural diversity ideologies, school characteristics, and adolescent development. Across two datasets linking individual-level survey data (N = 1692) and administrative records (N = 300,063; Mage = 12.4, 52% female, 48% male), schools' stated support for diversity (via a pro-diversity mission statement) was related to adolescent mental health and academic achievement, but in nuanced ways depending on individual racial/ethnic backgrounds, the racial/ethnic diversity of the student body and teachers, and the extent of racial disparities in discipline and gifted education. Findings suggest that communicating support for diversity without redressing systemic inequities in school discipline and academic tracking will not reduce racism-related achievement gaps and may instead exacerbate mental health disparities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jane Leer
- Department of Psychology, San Diego State University, San Diego, California, USA
- Carolyn A. And Peter S. Lynch School of Education and Human Development, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts, USA
- Sanford School of Public Policy, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- Department of Psychology & Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Sarah E Gaither
- Department of Psychology & Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Anna Gassman-Pines
- Sanford School of Public Policy, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- Department of Psychology & Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
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5
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Dauvermann MR, Moreno-Lopéz L, Vai B, González-García N, Orellana S, Jones PB, Bullmore E, Goodyer IM, van Harmelen AL. Early adolescent perceived friendship quality aids affective and neural responses to social inclusion and exclusion in young adults with and without adverse childhood experiences. Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci 2024; 19:nsae044. [PMID: 38902943 PMCID: PMC11219303 DOI: 10.1093/scan/nsae044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 05/17/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Friendships increase mental wellbeing and resilient functioning in young people with childhood adversity (CA). However, the mechanisms of this relationship are unknown. We examined the relationship between perceived friendship quality at age 14 after the experience of CA and reduced affective and neural responses to social exclusion at age 24. Resilient functioning was quantified as psychosocial functioning relative to the degree of CA severity in 310 participants at age 24. From this cohort, 62 young people with and without CA underwent functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging to assess brain responses to social inclusion and exclusion. We observed that good friendship quality was significantly associated with better resilient functioning. Both friendship quality and resilient functioning were related to increased affective responses to social inclusion. We also found that friendship quality, but not resilient functioning, was associated with increased dorsomedial prefrontal cortex responses to peer exclusion. Our findings suggest that friendship quality in early adolescence may contribute to the evaluation of social inclusion by increasing affective sensitivity to positive social experiences and increased brain activity in regions involved in emotion regulation to negative social experiences. Future research is needed to clarify this relationship with resilient functioning in early adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria R Dauvermann
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 8AH, United Kingdom
- Institute for Mental Health, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - Laura Moreno-Lopéz
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 8AH, United Kingdom
| | - Benedetta Vai
- Psychiatry & Clinical Psychobiology Unit, Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milano, 20127, Italy
| | - Nadia González-García
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 8AH, United Kingdom
- Laboratory of Neurosciences, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Mexico City, 06720, Mexico
| | - Sofia Orellana
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 8AH, United Kingdom
| | - Peter B Jones
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 8AH, United Kingdom
| | - Ed Bullmore
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 8AH, United Kingdom
- Department of Research and Development, Cambridgeshire & Peterborough NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, CB21 5EF, United Kingdom
| | - Ian M Goodyer
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 8AH, United Kingdom
| | - Anne-Laura van Harmelen
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 8AH, United Kingdom
- Institute of Education and Child Studies, Leiden University, Leiden, AK 2333, The Netherlands
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6
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Jovanović V, Lazić M, Gavrilov-Jerković V, Obradović V, Šakan D, Tomašević A, Zotović-Kostić M. Aspects of Identity Questionnaire-IV: An Examination of Structural Validity, Gender Invariance, and Relationships with Mental Health and Basic Psychological Needs Among Adolescents. J Pers Assess 2024:1-13. [PMID: 38924485 DOI: 10.1080/00223891.2024.2367546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
The present research evaluated evidence for structural and convergent validity and measurement invariance across gender of the Aspects of Identity Questionnaire-IV (AIQ-IV), which is designed to measure four identity orientations: Personal, Relational, Public, and Collective. We recruited two independent samples of Serbian adolescents aged 15-19 years (n1 = 436, n2 = 452). Both exploratory structural equation modeling (ESEM) and confirmatory factor analyses (CFA) were applied to examine the factor structure of the AIQ-IV. The ESEM model with four factors demonstrated a superior fit to the data in both samples and resulted in well-defined factors and deflated latent factor correlations compared to the CFA model. Multiple-group analysis supported the scalar invariance of the four-factor ESEM model across gender. The evidence for the convergent validity of the ESEM AIQ-IV factors was supported by meaningful correlations with various mental health indicators (life satisfaction, positive affect, negative affect, internalizing behaviors, and externalizing behaviors) and basic psychological needs (autonomy, relatedness, and competence) satisfaction and frustration. Our findings support the use of AIQ-IV as a multidimensional measure of identity orientations among adolescents and confirm the usefulness of applying the ESEM framework to evaluate the validity aspects of this scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veljko Jovanović
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Philosophy, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Milica Lazić
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Philosophy, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | | | - Vojana Obradović
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Philosophy, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Dušana Šakan
- Faculty of Law and Business Studies dr Lazar Vrkatić, Union University, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Aleksandar Tomašević
- Department of Sociology, Faculty of Philosophy, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Marija Zotović-Kostić
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Philosophy, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia
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7
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Andrews JL, Astle DE, Jones JS, Blakemore SJ. Mapping the role of sexuality in adolescent mental health and substance use. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2024; 11:230955. [PMID: 39092144 PMCID: PMC11293798 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.230955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Revised: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024]
Abstract
Individuals who belong to a sexual minority are at greater risk of adverse health and social outcomes. These effects are observed during adolescence when many mental health problems, such as depression, first emerge. Here, we used a network analytic approach to better understand the role that sexual minority status plays in the association between depression, interpersonal difficulties and substance use in a large sample of mid-adolescents. In doing so, we used data from 8017 fourteen year olds from the UK's Millennium Cohort Study, of which 490 self-identified as belonging to a sexual minority. We found that sexual minority status was highly central in the network and connected to multiple adverse outcomes, sometimes directly and sometimes indirectly. The largest single association was between sexual minority status and depression, and this link mediated multiple negative associations with being in a sexual minority. The shortest path to drinking, poor social support and closeness with parents and victimization occurred via depression. The shortest path to smoking and drug use occurred via conduct problems. We also identified three distinct profiles of adverse outcomes among those belonging to a sexual minority, highlighting the heterogeneous nature of this group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jack L. Andrews
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- University College, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Duncan E. Astle
- MRC Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Jonathan S. Jones
- MRC Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
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8
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Pink AE, Teo R, Chua B, Kong F, Nadarajan R, Pei JY, Tan CHY, Toh JY, Chong YS, Tan KH, Yap F, Meaney MJ, Broekman BFP, Cheon BK. The effects of acute social ostracism on subsequent snacking behavior and future body mass index in children. Int J Obes (Lond) 2024; 48:867-875. [PMID: 38413700 DOI: 10.1038/s41366-024-01489-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Ostracism may lead to increased food intake, yet it is unclear whether greater reactivity to ostracism contributes to higher body mass index (BMI). We investigated whether children who exhibited greater stress to social exclusion subsequently consume more energy and whether this predicts BMI 6- and 18-months later. SUBJECTS/METHODS Children (8.5 years-old) (N = 262, males = 50.4%; Chinese = 58.4%) completed a laboratory-based manipulation of social exclusion (the Cyberball task) prior to an ad-libitum snack. Heart rate variability (HRV) was measured during the inclusion and exclusion conditions and proportionate changes were calculated as a physiological measure of exclusion-related stress. Social anxiety and social-emotional assets were also measured as moderators. RESULTS Greater stress (as measured physiologically or by self-report) did not directly, or indirectly via energy intake, predict later BMI (at 9- and 10-years). However, among children reporting higher social anxiety, greater stress as measured by proportionate changes in HRV was associated with increased energy intake (B = 532.88, SE = 226.49, t(255) = 2.35, [CI95 = 86.85,978.92]). A significant moderated mediation was also observed (index: (b = 0.01, bootSE = 0.01, [CI95 = 0.001, 0.036]), such that among children reporting higher social anxiety, greater stress from social exclusion predicted increased energy intake from a subsequent snack, which in turn predicted higher BMI 1.5 years later. CONCLUSION This prospective study suggests that a pattern of greater snack intake in response to heightened vulnerability to the effects of ostracism may contribute to increases in child BMI scores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aimee E Pink
- Institute of High Performance Computing (IHPC), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 1 Fusionopolis Way, #16-16 Connexis, Singapore, 138632, Republic of Singapore.
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 30 Medical Drive, Brenner Centre for Molecular Medicine, Singapore, 117609, Republic of Singapore.
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences, Swansea University, Swansea, SA2 8PP, UK.
| | - Reena Teo
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 30 Medical Drive, Brenner Centre for Molecular Medicine, Singapore, 117609, Republic of Singapore
| | - Bob Chua
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 30 Medical Drive, Brenner Centre for Molecular Medicine, Singapore, 117609, Republic of Singapore
| | - Fabian Kong
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 30 Medical Drive, Brenner Centre for Molecular Medicine, Singapore, 117609, Republic of Singapore
| | - Ranjani Nadarajan
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 30 Medical Drive, Brenner Centre for Molecular Medicine, Singapore, 117609, Republic of Singapore
- Department of Psychiatry and Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Jia Ying Pei
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 30 Medical Drive, Brenner Centre for Molecular Medicine, Singapore, 117609, Republic of Singapore
| | - Charmaine H Y Tan
- Institute of High Performance Computing (IHPC), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 1 Fusionopolis Way, #16-16 Connexis, Singapore, 138632, Republic of Singapore
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 30 Medical Drive, Brenner Centre for Molecular Medicine, Singapore, 117609, Republic of Singapore
| | - Jia Ying Toh
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 30 Medical Drive, Brenner Centre for Molecular Medicine, Singapore, 117609, Republic of Singapore
| | - Yap-Seng Chong
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 30 Medical Drive, Brenner Centre for Molecular Medicine, Singapore, 117609, Republic of Singapore
- Department of Obsteterics & Gynaecology, Yoo Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Kok Hian Tan
- Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Maternal Fetal Medicine, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Fabian Yap
- Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Paediatric Endocrinology, KK's Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Michael J Meaney
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 30 Medical Drive, Brenner Centre for Molecular Medicine, Singapore, 117609, Republic of Singapore
- Department of Psychiatry and Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
- Brain-Body Strategic Research Program, Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, 117609, Republic of Singapore
| | - Birit F P Broekman
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 30 Medical Drive, Brenner Centre for Molecular Medicine, Singapore, 117609, Republic of Singapore
- Department of Psychiatry and Medical Psychology, OLVG, Amsterdam Public Health, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit van, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Bobby K Cheon
- Division of Intramural Population Health Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20847, USA.
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9
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Dickerson KL, Quas JA. Compensatory prosocial behavior in high-risk adolescents observing social exclusion: The effects of emotion feedback. J Exp Child Psychol 2024; 241:105840. [PMID: 38245916 DOI: 10.1016/j.jecp.2023.105840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
Although exposure to violence has been consistently associated with deficits in prosocial behavior among adolescents, effective methods of mitigating these deficits have yet to be identified. The current investigation tested whether prosocial behavior could be promoted by providing adolescents with feedback about the emotional states of others and whether the effects of feedback varied between adolescents who had versus had not experienced violence in the home or in the community. Adolescents aged 8 to 17 years with (n = 87) and without (n = 61) histories of violence exposure completed a virtual social exclusion ball-tossing paradigm in which information about an excluded peer's emotions (sad, angry, or neutral) was experimentally manipulated. Among adolescents with histories of violence exposure, those who received feedback that the peer was sad due to being excluded compensated by throwing the ball more often to that peer. In contrast, adolescents without histories of violence exposure did not engage in compensatory prosocial behavior, instead maintaining a relatively even number of tosses to all players. Findings offer new insight into simple potential methods of eliciting prosocial behavior in adolescents for whom such responding may be compromised and may provide a potential starting point for interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelli L Dickerson
- Department of Informatics, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA.
| | - Jodi A Quas
- Department of Psychological Science, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
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10
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Foulkes L, Andrews JL. Accounting for the adolescent social context in school mental health interventions. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2024:10.1007/s00787-024-02439-1. [PMID: 38642115 DOI: 10.1007/s00787-024-02439-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/22/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Lucy Foulkes
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
| | - Jack L Andrews
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- University College, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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11
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Ahmed SP, Piera Pi-Sunyer B, Moses-Payne ME, Goddings AL, Speyer LG, Kuyken W, Dalgleish T, Blakemore SJ. The role of self-referential and social processing in the relationship between pubertal status and difficulties in mental health and emotion regulation in adolescent girls in the UK. Dev Sci 2024:e13503. [PMID: 38576154 DOI: 10.1111/desc.13503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
Adolescence is marked by the onset of puberty, which is associated with an increase in mental health difficulties, particularly in girls. Social and self-referential processes also develop during this period: adolescents become more aware of others' perspectives, and judgements about themselves become less favourable. In the current study, data from 119 girls (from London, UK) aged 9-16 years were collected at two-time points (between 2019 and 2021) to investigate the relationship between puberty and difficulties in mental health and emotion regulation, as well as the role of self-referential and social processing in this relationship. Structural equation modelling showed that advanced pubertal status predicted greater mental health and emotion regulation difficulties, including depression and anxiety, rumination and overall difficulties in emotion regulation, and in mental health and behaviour. Advanced pubertal status also predicted greater perspective-taking abilities and negative self-schemas. Exploratory analyses showed that negative self-schemas mediated the relationships between puberty and rumination, overall emotion regulation difficulties, and depression (although these effects were small and would not survive correction for multiple comparisons). The results suggest that advanced pubertal status is associated with higher mental health and emotion regulation problems during adolescence and that negative self-schemas may play a role in this association. RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS: This study investigates the relationship between puberty, mental health, emotion regulation difficulties, and social and self-referential processing in girls aged 9-16 years. Advanced pubertal status was associated with worse mental health and greater emotion regulation difficulties, better perspective-taking abilities and negative self-schemas. Negative self-schemas may play a role in the relationships between advanced pubertal status and depression, and advanced pubertal status and emotion regulation difficulties, including rumination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saz P Ahmed
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, University College London, London, UK
| | | | | | - Anne-Lise Goddings
- Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Lydia G Speyer
- Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Willem Kuyken
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Tim Dalgleish
- Medical Research Council Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Sarah-Jayne Blakemore
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, University College London, London, UK
- Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
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12
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Rahal D, Huynh VW, Irwin MR, McCreath H, Fuligni AJ. Everyday discrimination, emotion, and daily interactions during adolescence. JOURNAL OF RESEARCH ON ADOLESCENCE : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR RESEARCH ON ADOLESCENCE 2024; 34:141-158. [PMID: 38058247 PMCID: PMC11298793 DOI: 10.1111/jora.12899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
The present study examined whether everyday discrimination relates to the frequency of adolescents' positive and negative daily social interactions and whether these associations are driven by anger and positive emotion. Adolescents (N = 334) participated in a three-wave longitudinal study, in which they completed surveys regarding everyday discrimination, anger, and positive emotion, as well as 15 daily reports of conflict and getting along with friends and family. Higher everyday discrimination was related to more daily conflicts and fewer experiences of getting along with other people. Longitudinal models also provided preliminary evidence that everyday discrimination was associated with daily conflicts 4 years later indirectly through anger. Overall, results suggest everyday discrimination relates to adolescents' daily experiences, potentially through differences in emotion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danny Rahal
- University of California, Santa Cruz, Department of Psychology, Santa Cruz, CA 95064
| | - Virginia W. Huynh
- California State University at Northridge, Department of Child and Adolescent Development, Northridge, CA 91330
| | - Michael R. Irwin
- University of California, Los Angeles, Cousins Center for Psychoneuroimmunology, Los Angeles, CA 90095
- University of California, Los Angeles, Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Los Angeles, CA 90095
| | - Heather McCreath
- University of California, Los Angeles, David Geffen School of Medicine, Division of Geriatrics, Los Angeles, CA 90095
| | - Andrew J. Fuligni
- University of California, Los Angeles, Cousins Center for Psychoneuroimmunology, Los Angeles, CA 90095
- University of California, Los Angeles, Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Los Angeles, CA 90095
- University of California, Los Angeles, Department of Psychology, Los Angeles, CA 90095
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13
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Cen YS, Li W, Xia LX. Resting-state neural correlates of individual differences in ignored experience and its deleterious effect. Cereb Cortex 2024; 34:bhad433. [PMID: 37991321 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhad433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Uncovering the neural mechanisms of ostracism experience (including its subclasses of excluded and ignored experiences) is important. However, the resting-state functional brain substrates responsible for individual differences in ostracism experience and its negative effects remain largely undefined. This study explored these issues in a sample of 198 Chinese college students by assessing the amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations and functional connectivity. The findings indicated a positive correlation between ignored experience and the amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations in the right superior frontal gyrus and the functional connectivity between the right superior frontal gyrus and left cerebellum posterior lobe. Additionally, a negative correlation was found between ignored experience and the functional connectivity between the right superior frontal gyrus and the bilateral insula as well as the bilateral inferior parietal lobule. Moreover, the mediation analysis demonstrated that the effects of the functional connectivities of right superior frontal gyrus-left cerebellum posterior lobe and right superior frontal gyrus-right inferior parietal lobule on revenge intention were mediated by ignored experience. Our study offers novel insights into the neural correlates of both individual variations in ignored experience and its typical deleterious effect. These results could deepen our understanding of individual differences in negative experiences and inspire the development of targeted interventions for social stress from the perspective of the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Shan Cen
- Research Center of Psychology and Social Development, Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Wei Li
- Research Center of Psychology and Social Development, Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Ling-Xiang Xia
- Research Center of Psychology and Social Development, Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, Chongqing 400715, China
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14
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Mu Y, Du B. Peer factors and prosocial behavior among Chinese adolescents from difficult families. Sci Rep 2024; 14:815. [PMID: 38191901 PMCID: PMC10774386 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-50292-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Adolescents from difficult families (ADF) is a vulnerable group in China, and there have been few studies focused on them at present. To improve the welfare system for vulnerable groups and gain a better understanding of the situation regarding ADF, it is important to identify the association between peer factors, family functioning, and prosocial behavior among ADF. 1047 adolescents aged 10-15 from difficult families were selected from 21 counties in 7 provinces across China based on the multistage stratified sampling method. Regression analysis and moderation analyses were performed to identify the association of prosocial behavior with peer factors and family functioning. Lower peer quality and poorer family functioning were significantly associated with less prosocial behavior. The was no significant association between peer quantity and prosocial behavior. Family functioning moderated the relationship between peer quality and prosocial behavior. ADF with higher quality peers are more likely to show more prosocial behavior, and poor family functioning would weaken the association between peer quality and prosocial behavior. The protection of ADF can begin by improving family functioning and guiding ADF to form relationships with high-quality peers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuexuan Mu
- School of Public Health, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Benfeng Du
- Interdisciplinary Innovation Platform of Public Health and Disease Prevention and Control for Health Policy, Renmin University of China, Beijing, China.
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15
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Corcoran E, Doucette H, Merrill JE, Pielech M, López G, Egbert A, Nelapati S, Gabrielli J, Colby SM, Jackson KM. A qualitative analysis of adolescents' perspectives on peer and influencer alcohol-related posts on social media. Drug Alcohol Rev 2024; 43:13-27. [PMID: 37533232 PMCID: PMC10834843 DOI: 10.1111/dar.13720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 06/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Adolescent exposure to alcohol-related content on social media is common and associated with alcohol use and perceived norms; however, little is known about how exposure differs by the source of the content (e.g., peer or 'influencer'). The purpose of this study was to utilise qualitative methods to compare adolescent perspectives on peer- versus influencer-generated alcohol content on social media. METHODS Nine virtual semi-structured focus groups were conducted with adolescents (aged 15-19 years), following a general script aimed at ascertaining adolescent comparative perspectives on peer and influencer alcohol-related media content and the contexts in which it occurs. RESULTS Five main themes emerged: (i) although both influencers and peers post predominantly positively-valenced alcohol content online, adolescents perceived some differences between these posts; (ii) adolescents perceived their peers to be more cautious and strategic when posting about alcohol than influencers are; (iii) the decision to engage with peer or influencer alcohol-related posts is influenced by a number of factors; (iv) both peer and influencer posts were perceived to send the message that drinking is acceptable, normal or cool; and (v) adolescents believed they are more likely to be influenced by peers' alcohol posts than influencers' alcohol posts, with some exceptions. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS Future studies should aim to further understand the unique attributes and circumstances in which exposure to peer and influencer alcohol-related posts impact adolescent alcohol-related cognitions and behaviours. This knowledge will inform prevention and intervention efforts, such as media literacy training and media-specific parenting practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin Corcoran
- Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, University of Florida, Gainesville, USA
| | - Hannah Doucette
- Center for Alcohol and Addiction Studies, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, USA
| | - Jennifer E. Merrill
- Center for Alcohol and Addiction Studies, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, USA
| | - Melissa Pielech
- Center for Alcohol and Addiction Studies, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, USA
| | - Gabriela López
- Center for Alcohol and Addiction Studies, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, USA
| | - Amy Egbert
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Connecticut College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, Storrs, USA
| | - Shimei Nelapati
- Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, University of Florida, Gainesville, USA
| | - Joy Gabrielli
- Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, University of Florida, Gainesville, USA
| | - Suzanne M. Colby
- Center for Alcohol and Addiction Studies, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, USA
| | - Kristina M. Jackson
- Center for Alcohol and Addiction Studies, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, USA
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16
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Byun Y, Noh J. Social play exclusion model in adolescent rats: Monitoring locomotor and emotional behavior associated with social play and examining c-Fos expression in the brain. Physiol Behav 2024; 273:114379. [PMID: 37858915 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2023.114379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Revised: 09/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
The exclusion of social play within an adolescent group interferes with learning and the acquisition of essential social behavior during development and can cause modulations in the social brain areas. However, despite the importance of social play in adolescence, an in-depth explanation of its physiological mechanisms is limited because of the lack of experimental animal models that embody social play exclusion in human society. To determine the mechanism of social play in adolescence, we identified differences in emotional behavior and brain activity in animal models of social play exclusion that mimicked human society. Emotional changes in the social play exclusion and non-exclusion groups were examined by tracking social play-related social interaction behavior, social play-related space preference, social play-related locomotor behavior, and anxiety-like behavior using a behavioral data analysis program. Differences in brain activity among groups were identified using immunohistochemical staining. During the social play exclusion model, the rats preferred the partition zone to the other areas in the test chamber. The exclusion group preferred the partition and the center zone over the non-exclusion group. When comparing before and after the social play exclusion, the exclusion group showed a decrease in mobility and an increase in anxiety-like behavior compared to the non-exclusion group. We found that c-Fos expression in the dentate gyrus (DG) of the exclusion group was lower than that in the non-exclusion group, whereas c-Fos expression in the lateral habenula (LHb) of the exclusion group was higher than that in the non-exclusion group. Taken together, in adolescence, exclusion from social play with peers can increase anxiety-like behavior in the exclusion group and change the neuronal activity of the DG and LHb, suggesting that exclusion from social play is linked to modifications in the DG and LHb, which are regions associated with mood regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Younsoo Byun
- Department of Science Education, Dankook University, 152 Jukjeon-ro, Suji-gu, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 16890, Republic of Korea
| | - Jihyun Noh
- Department of Science Education, Dankook University, 152 Jukjeon-ro, Suji-gu, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 16890, Republic of Korea.
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17
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Liotti M, Fiorini Bincoletto A, Bizzi F, Tironi M, Charpentier Mora S, Cavanna D, Giovanardi G, Jurist E, Speranza AM, Lingiardi V, Tanzilli A. The catcher in the mind: validation of the brief-mentalized affectivity scale for adolescents in the Italian population. RESEARCH IN PSYCHOTHERAPY (MILANO) 2023; 26:709. [PMID: 38189462 PMCID: PMC10849075 DOI: 10.4081/ripppo.2023.709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
The concept of mentalized affectivity (MA) encompasses the dimensions of identifying, processing, and expressing emotions and describes the process of making sense of and reevaluating one's affects in light of autobiographical memory. This construct was developed within the theoretical framework of mentalization and, due to its interpersonal nature, added further complexity to the emotion regulation construct. This research aimed to examine the factor structure and psychometric properties of the Brief-Mentalized Affectivity Scale for adolescents (B-MAS-A) on an Italian sample of young people (aged 13-19 years). Data were collected using non-probabilistic sampling and an online survey. Participants were asked to complete a large battery of instruments, including the B-MAS-A, the Toronto Alexithymia Scale, the Reflective Functioning Questionnaire, the Epistemic Trust, Mistrust, and Credulity Questionnaire, the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire, and the General Self-Efficacy Scale. In study 1, factor analyses carried out on a total sample of 566 adolescents identified 3 distinct dimensions of the same components of MA found in the adult population: i) identifying; ii) processing; iii) expressing emotions. The subscales showed excellent internal consistency. Study 2 (involving a subsample of 288 participants) demonstrated good levels of construct and criterion validity. These results confirm that the B-MAS-A represents a valid and robust instrument for assessing the complex and multifaceted characteristics of MA in adolescents. The B-MAS-A can make a significant contribution to clinical practice and research and encourage systematic studies on MA in psychotherapy, taking into account the developmental stage of adolescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianna Liotti
- Department of Dynamic and Clinical Psychology, and Health Studies, Sapienza University of Rome.
| | | | - Fabiola Bizzi
- Department of Educational Sciences, University of Genoa.
| | - Marta Tironi
- Department of Educational Sciences, University of Genoa.
| | | | | | - Guido Giovanardi
- Department of Dynamic and Clinical Psychology, and Health Studies, Sapienza University of Rome.
| | - Elliot Jurist
- Department of Psychology, City College of the City University of New York.
| | - Anna Maria Speranza
- Department of Dynamic and Clinical Psychology, and Health Studies, Sapienza University of Rome.
| | - Vittorio Lingiardi
- Department of Dynamic and Clinical Psychology, and Health Studies, Sapienza University of Rome.
| | - Annalisa Tanzilli
- Department of Dynamic and Clinical Psychology, and Health Studies, Sapienza University of Rome.
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18
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Pitman A, Lowther M, Pike A, Davies J, de Cates A, Buckman JEJ, Robinson O. The influence of peer non-suicidal self-harm on young adults' urges to self-harm: experimental study. Acta Neuropsychiatr 2023:1-13. [PMID: 38012834 DOI: 10.1017/neu.2023.51] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To test the hypothesis that exposure to peer self-harm induces adolescents' urges to self-harm and that this is influenced by individual suggestibility. METHODS We recruited 97 UK-based adults aged 18-25 years with a recent history of self-harm, measuring baseline suggestibility (Resistance to Peer Influence; RPI) and perceived ability to control urges to self-harm (using an adapted item from the Self-Efficacy to Resist Suicidal Action scale; SEASA) before and after two self-harm vignettes featuring named peers from the participant's social network (to simulate exposure to peer non-suicidal self-harm) and after a wash-out exposure. We used paired t-tests to compare mean SEASA scores pre- and post-exposure, and linear regression to test for an association between RPI and change in SEASA scores pre- and post-exposure. RESULTS Perceived ability to control urges to self-harm was significantly reduced following exposure to peer self-harm (t(96) = 4.02, p < 0.001, mean difference = 0.61; 95% CI = 0.31, 0.91), but was not significantly different from baseline after exposure to a wash-out. We found no association between suggestibility and change in urges to self-harm after exposure to peer self-harm. CONCLUSION Our findings support social influences on self-harm in a sample of young adults, regardless of their individual degree of suggestibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Pitman
- Division of Psychiatry, UCL, London, UK
- Camden and Islington NHS Foundation Trust, St Pancras Hospital, London, UK
| | | | - Alexandra Pike
- UCL Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, London, UK
- Department of Psychology and York Biomedical Research Institute, University of York, York, UK
| | - Jessica Davies
- Division of Psychiatry, UCL, London, UK
- St Andrew's Healthcare, Birmingham, UK
- Centre for Applied Psychology, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, UK
| | - Angharad de Cates
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Warneford Hospital, Oxford, UK
- Oxford Health NHS Foundation Trust, Littlemore Mental Health Centre, Oxford, UK
| | - Joshua E J Buckman
- Camden and Islington NHS Foundation Trust, St Pancras Hospital, London, UK
- Centre for Outcomes Research and Effectiveness (CORE), Research Department of Clinical, Educational & Health Psychology, University College London, London, UK
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19
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Politte-Corn M, Nick EA, Kujawa A. Age-related differences in social media use, online social support, and depressive symptoms in adolescents and emerging adults. Child Adolesc Ment Health 2023; 28:497-503. [PMID: 36751140 DOI: 10.1111/camh.12640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite growing concerns about the impact of social media use on the developing brain and associated mental health impacts, whether susceptibility to the benefits and harms of social media use changes across adolescence and young adulthood has yet to be empirically tested. METHOD Using a cross-sectional sample of participants aged 14-22 years (N = 254), we examined (a) linear and non-linear age-related changes in social media use and online social support and (b) age-related differences in the effects of social media use and online social support on depressive symptoms. RESULTS We found age differences in social media use, but not online social support, such that social media use increased across adolescence and peaked around age 20, followed by stable use into young adulthood. Age moderated the effect of online social support, but not overall social media use, on depressive symptoms, such that online social support was negatively associated with depressive symptoms for adolescents (age < 16.98), but the opposite pattern emerged for young adults (age > 19.04). CONCLUSIONS Results suggest overall developmental changes in social media use and that adolescents may be more susceptible than emerging adults to the beneficial effects of positive online interactions on mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madison Politte-Corn
- Department of Psychology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Elizabeth A Nick
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Autumn Kujawa
- Department of Psychology and Human Development, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
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20
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Capella J, Jorgensen NA, Kwon SJ, Maza MT, Prinstein MJ, Lindquist KA, Telzer EH. Adolescents' neural sensitivity to high and low popularity: Longitudinal links to risk-taking and prosocial behavior. Dev Cogn Neurosci 2023; 63:101290. [PMID: 37595321 PMCID: PMC10458690 DOI: 10.1016/j.dcn.2023.101290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Adolescents are particularly attuned to popularity within peer groups, which impacts behaviors such as risk-taking and prosocial behavior. Neurodevelopmental changes orient adolescents toward salient social cues in their environment. We examined whether neural regions that track popularity are associated with longitudinal changes in risk-taking and prosocial behavior. During an fMRI scan, adolescents (n = 109, Mage=13.59, SD=0.59) viewed pictures of their popular and unpopular classmates based on sociometric nominations from their social networks. Neural tracking of high popularity in the dorsomedial prefrontal cortex was associated with increases in risk-taking behavior, whereas tracking of low popularity in the right insula was associated with increases in prosocial behavior. Results suggest that individual differences in neural tracking of popularity relate to longitudinal changes in adolescents' social behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jimmy Capella
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, USA.
| | - Nathan A Jorgensen
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, USA
| | - Seh-Joo Kwon
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, USA
| | - Maria T Maza
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, USA
| | - Mitchell J Prinstein
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, USA
| | - Kristen A Lindquist
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, USA
| | - Eva H Telzer
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, USA
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21
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Minihan S, Orben A, Songco A, Fox E, Ladouceur CD, Mewton L, Moulds M, Pfeifer JH, Van Harmelen AL, Schweizer S. Social determinants of mental health during a year of the COVID-19 pandemic. Dev Psychopathol 2023; 35:1701-1713. [PMID: 35796203 PMCID: PMC7615306 DOI: 10.1017/s0954579422000396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Belonging is a basic human need, with social isolation signaling a threat to biological fitness. Sensitivity to ostracism varies across individuals and the lifespan, peaking in adolescence. Government-imposed restrictions upon social interactions during COVID-19 may therefore be particularly detrimental to young people and those most sensitive to ostracism. Participants (N = 2367; 89.95% female, 11-100 years) from three countries with differing levels of government restrictions (Australia, UK, and USA) were surveyed thrice at three-month intervals (May 2020 - April 2021). Young people, and those living under the tightest government restrictions, reported the worst mental health, with these inequalities in mental health remaining constant throughout the study period. Further dissection of these results revealed that young people high on social rejection sensitivity reported the most mental health problems at the final assessment. These findings help account for the greater impact of enforced social isolation on young people's mental health, and open novel avenues for intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Amy Orben
- MRC Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | | | - Elaine Fox
- University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Susanne Schweizer
- University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
- University of Cambridge, Department of Psychology, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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22
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Dziura SL, McNaughton KA, Giacobbe E, Yarger HA, Hickey AC, Shariq D, Redcay E. Neural sensitivity to social reward predicts links between social behavior and loneliness in youth during the COVID-19 pandemic. Dev Psychobiol 2023; 65:e22413. [PMID: 37607890 PMCID: PMC10454977 DOI: 10.1002/dev.22413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Revised: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023]
Abstract
Neural reward network sensitivity in youth is proposed to differentially impact the effects of social environments on social outcomes. The COVID-19 pandemic provided an opportunity to test this hypothesis within a context of diminished in-person social interaction. We examined whether neural sensitivity to interactive social reward moderates the relationship between a frequency of interactive or passive social activity and social satisfaction. Survey reports of frequency of interactions with friends, passive social media use, and loneliness and social satisfaction were gathered in 2020 during mandated precautions limiting in-person contact. A subset of participants (age = 10-17) previously participated in a functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) study examining social-interactive reward during a simulated peer interaction (survey n = 76; survey + fMRI n = 40). We found evidence of differential response to social context, such that youth with higher neural reward sensitivity showed a negative association between a frequency of interactive connections with friends and a combined loneliness and social dissatisfaction component (LSDC) score, whereas those with lower sensitivity showed the opposite effect. Further, high reward sensitivity was associated with greater LSDC as passive social media use increased, whereas low reward sensitivity showed the opposite. This indicates that youth with greater sensitivity to social-interactive reward may be more susceptible to negative effects of infrequent contact than their low reward-sensitive counterparts, who instead maintain social well-being through passive viewing of social content. These differential outcomes could have implications for supporting youth during times of major social disruption as well as ensuring mental health and well-being more broadly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah L Dziura
- Department of Psychology, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA
| | - Kathryn A McNaughton
- Department of Psychology, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA
- Neuroscience and Cognitive Science Program, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA
| | - Elizabeth Giacobbe
- Department of Psychology, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA
| | - Heather A Yarger
- Department of Psychology, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA
| | - Alexandra C Hickey
- Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, USA
| | - Deena Shariq
- Department of Psychology, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA
- Neuroscience and Cognitive Science Program, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA
| | - Elizabeth Redcay
- Department of Psychology, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA
- Neuroscience and Cognitive Science Program, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA
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23
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Wynn CJ, Barrett TS, Berisha V, Liss JM, Borrie SA. Speech Entrainment in Adolescent Conversations: A Developmental Perspective. JOURNAL OF SPEECH, LANGUAGE, AND HEARING RESEARCH : JSLHR 2023; 66:3132-3150. [PMID: 37071795 PMCID: PMC10569405 DOI: 10.1044/2023_jslhr-22-00263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Defined as the similarity of speech behaviors between interlocutors, speech entrainment plays an important role in successful adult conversations. According to theoretical models of entrainment and research on motoric, cognitive, and social developmental milestones, the ability to entrain should develop throughout adolescence. However, little is known about the specific developmental trajectory or the role of speech entrainment in conversational outcomes of this age group. The purpose of this study is to characterize speech entrainment patterns in the conversations of neurotypical early adolescents. METHOD This study utilized a corpus of 96 task-based conversations between adolescents between the ages of 9 and 14 years and a comparison corpus of 32 task-based conversations between adults. For each conversational turn, two speech entrainment scores were calculated for 429 acoustic features across rhythmic, articulatory, and phonatory dimensions. Predictive modeling was used to evaluate the degree of entrainment and relationship between entrainment and two metrics of conversational success. RESULTS Speech entrainment increased throughout early adolescence but did not reach the level exhibited in conversations between adults. Additionally, speech entrainment was predictive of both conversational quality and conversational efficiency. Furthermore, models that included all acoustic features and both entrainment types performed better than models that only included individual acoustic feature sets or one type of entrainment. CONCLUSIONS Our findings show that speech entrainment skills are largely developed during early adolescence with continued development possibly occurring across later adolescence. Additionally, results highlight the role of speech entrainment in successful conversation in this population, suggesting the import of continued exploration of this phenomenon in both neurotypical and neurodivergent adolescents. We also provide evidence of the value of using holistic measures that capture the multidimensionality of speech entrainment and provide a validated methodology for investigating entrainment across multiple acoustic features and entrainment types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camille J. Wynn
- Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, University of Houston, TX
| | - Tyson S. Barrett
- Department of Communicative Disorders and Deaf Education, Utah State University, Logan
| | - Visar Berisha
- Department of Speech and Hearing Science, Arizona State University, Tempe
- School of Electrical, Computer and Energy Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe
| | - Julie M. Liss
- Department of Speech and Hearing Science, Arizona State University, Tempe
| | - Stephanie A. Borrie
- Department of Communicative Disorders and Deaf Education, Utah State University, Logan
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24
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Weik E, Neuenschwander R, Edgington B, Jensen K, Tipper CM, Oberlander TF. Conditioning induced placebo-like and nocebo-like effects of thermal discomfort in adults but not in youth. Br J Pain 2023; 17:342-351. [PMID: 37538948 PMCID: PMC10395395 DOI: 10.1177/20494637231153364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Conditioning can be used to modulate the perception of pain, in the form of placebo and nocebo effects. Previous studies show inconsistent results as to whether adolescents show similar, weaker, or non-significant conditioned placebo and nocebo effects compared to effects found in adults. There are suggestions that such differences (if any) may dependent on the cues used in the thermal conditioning paradigms. Therefore, in this current study, we utilized novel, neutral 3D-shaped visual cues to implicitly induce conditioned placebo-like and nocebo-like effects in adolescents and adults. Methods During the conditioning paradigm, distinct cues (Fribbles) were paired with low and high temperatures in 24 adults and 20 adolescents (mean age = 25.5 years). In the testing phase, these conditioned cues as well as a neutral (unconditioned) cue were presented with moderate temperatures. Results Thermal discomfort of moderate temperatures was lower when presented with the conditioned low heat cue (placebo-like effect) and higher when thermal stimuli were presented with the high heat cue (nocebo-like effect) compared to the neutral cue. The effects were driven by adults, as neither the placebo-like nor the nocebo-like effect was significant in adolescents. The difference between adolescents and adults was not explained by differences in temperature or discomfort levels, as adults and adolescents had comparable calibrated temperatures and levels of discomfort during heat stimuli. Conclusion Our findings suggest that thermal perception in adolescents is less influenced by conditioning to an engaging novel visual cue, compared to adults. Our work may have implications for better understanding the scope and limitations of conditioning as a key mechanism of placebo and nocebo effects in youth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ella Weik
- Department of Psychiatry, BC Mental Health and Addictions Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Regula Neuenschwander
- Department of Pediatrics, BC Children’s Hospital Research Institute, University of British, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Brinn Edgington
- Department of Psychology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Karin Jensen
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Christine M Tipper
- Department of Pediatrics, BC Children’s Hospital Research Institute, University of British, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Tim F Oberlander
- Department of Psychiatry, BC Mental Health and Addictions Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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25
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Reynolds LM, Hernandez G, MacGowan D, Popescu C, Nouel D, Cuesta S, Burke S, Savell KE, Zhao J, Restrepo-Lozano JM, Giroux M, Israel S, Orsini T, He S, Wodzinski M, Avramescu RG, Pokinko M, Epelbaum JG, Niu Z, Pantoja-Urbán AH, Trudeau LÉ, Kolb B, Day JJ, Flores C. Amphetamine disrupts dopamine axon growth in adolescence by a sex-specific mechanism in mice. Nat Commun 2023; 14:4035. [PMID: 37419977 PMCID: PMC10329029 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-39665-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Initiating drug use during adolescence increases the risk of developing addiction or other psychopathologies later in life, with long-term outcomes varying according to sex and exact timing of use. The cellular and molecular underpinnings explaining this differential sensitivity to detrimental drug effects remain unexplained. The Netrin-1/DCC guidance cue system segregates cortical and limbic dopamine pathways in adolescence. Here we show that amphetamine, by dysregulating Netrin-1/DCC signaling, triggers ectopic growth of mesolimbic dopamine axons to the prefrontal cortex, only in early-adolescent male mice, underlying a male-specific vulnerability to enduring cognitive deficits. In adolescent females, compensatory changes in Netrin-1 protect against the deleterious consequences of amphetamine on dopamine connectivity and cognitive outcomes. Netrin-1/DCC signaling functions as a molecular switch which can be differentially regulated by the same drug experience as function of an individual's sex and adolescent age, and lead to divergent long-term outcomes associated with vulnerable or resilient phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren M Reynolds
- Integrated Program in Neuroscience, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Plasticité du Cerveau CNRS UMR8249, École supérieure de physique et de chimie industrielles de la Ville de Paris (ESPCI Paris), Paris, France
| | | | - Del MacGowan
- Integrated Program in Neuroscience, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Christina Popescu
- Integrated Program in Neuroscience, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Dominique Nouel
- Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Santiago Cuesta
- Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Samuel Burke
- CNS Research Group, Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Department of Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Katherine E Savell
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Janet Zhao
- Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Jose Maria Restrepo-Lozano
- Integrated Program in Neuroscience, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Michel Giroux
- Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Sonia Israel
- Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Taylor Orsini
- Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Susan He
- Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | | | - Radu G Avramescu
- Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Matthew Pokinko
- Integrated Program in Neuroscience, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Julia G Epelbaum
- Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Zhipeng Niu
- Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Andrea Harée Pantoja-Urbán
- Integrated Program in Neuroscience, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Louis-Éric Trudeau
- CNS Research Group, Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Department of Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Bryan Kolb
- Canadian Centre for Behavioural Neuroscience, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, AB, Canada
| | - Jeremy J Day
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Cecilia Flores
- Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montréal, QC, Canada.
- Department of Psychiatry and Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montréal, Canada.
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26
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Capitão LP, Chapman R, Filippini N, Wright L, Murphy SE, James A, Cowen PJ, Harmer CJ. Acute neural effects of fluoxetine on emotional regulation in depressed adolescents. Psychol Med 2023; 53:4799-4810. [PMID: 35903009 PMCID: PMC10388313 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291722001805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2020] [Revised: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adolescent major depressive disorder (MDD) is associated with disrupted processing of emotional stimuli and difficulties in cognitive reappraisal. Little is known however about how current pharmacotherapies act to modulate the neural mechanisms underlying these key processes. The current study therefore investigated the neural effects of fluoxetine on emotional reactivity and cognitive reappraisal in adolescent depression. METHODS Thirty-one adolescents with MDD were randomised to acute fluoxetine (10 mg) or placebo. Seventeen healthy adolescents were also recruited but did not receive any treatment for ethical reasons. During functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), participants viewed aversive images and were asked to either experience naturally the emotional state elicited ('Maintain') or to reinterpret the content of the pictures to reduce negative affect ('Reappraise'). Significant activations were identified using whole-brain analysis. RESULTS No significant group differences were seen when comparing Reappraise and Maintain conditions. However, when compared to healthy controls, depressed adolescents on placebo showed reduced visual activation to aversive pictures irrespective of the condition. The depressed adolescent group on fluoxetine showed the opposite pattern, i.e. increased visuo-cerebellar activity in response to aversive pictures, when compared to depressed adolescents on placebo. CONCLUSIONS These data suggest that depression in adolescence may be associated with reduced visual processing of aversive imagery and that fluoxetine may act to reduce avoidance of such cues. This could reflect a key mechanism whereby depressed adolescents engage with negative cues previously avoided. Future research combining fMRI with eye-tracking is nonetheless needed to further clarify these effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liliana P. Capitão
- Oxford University Department of Psychiatry and Oxford Health Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, UK
- Oxford Health NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
| | - Robert Chapman
- Oxford University Department of Psychiatry and Oxford Health Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, UK
- Oxford Health NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
| | | | - Lucy Wright
- Oxford University Department of Psychiatry and Oxford Health Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, UK
- Oxford Health NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
| | - Susannah E. Murphy
- Oxford University Department of Psychiatry and Oxford Health Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, UK
- Oxford Health NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
| | - Anthony James
- Oxford University Department of Psychiatry and Oxford Health Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, UK
- Oxford Health NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
| | - Philip J. Cowen
- Oxford University Department of Psychiatry and Oxford Health Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, UK
- Oxford Health NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
| | - Catherine J. Harmer
- Oxford University Department of Psychiatry and Oxford Health Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, UK
- Oxford Health NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
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27
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MacSweeney N, Louvet P, Zafar S, Chan SWY, Kwong ASF, Lawrie SM, Romaniuk L, Whalley HC. Keeping up with the kids: the value of co-production in the study of irritability in youth depression and its underlying neural circuitry. Front Behav Neurosci 2023; 17:1124940. [PMID: 37397127 PMCID: PMC10310302 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2023.1124940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Irritability is a core symptom of adolescent depression, characterized by an increased proneness to anger or frustration. Irritability in youth is associated with future mental health problems and impaired social functioning, suggesting that it may be an early indicator of emotion regulation difficulties. Adolescence is a period during which behavior is significantly impacted by one's environment. However, existing research on the neural basis of irritability typically use experimental paradigms that overlook the social context in which irritability occurs. Here, we bring together current findings on irritability in adolescent depression and the associated neurobiology and highlight directions for future research. Specifically, we emphasize the importance of co-produced research with young people as a means to improve the construct and ecological validity of research within the field. Ensuring that our research design and methodology accurately reflect to lives of young people today lays a strong foundation upon which to better understand adolescent depression and identify tractable targets for intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niamh MacSweeney
- Division of Psychiatry, Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- Department of Psychiatric Research, Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- PROMENTA Research Center, Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Perrine Louvet
- Division of Psychiatry, Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Simal Zafar
- School of Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Stella W. Y. Chan
- School of Psychology and Clinical Language Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom
| | - Alex S. F. Kwong
- Division of Psychiatry, Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen M. Lawrie
- Division of Psychiatry, Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Liana Romaniuk
- Division of Psychiatry, Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Heather C. Whalley
- Division of Psychiatry, Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- Generation Scotland, Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
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28
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Okobi OE, Egbujo U, Darke J, Odega AS, Okereke OP, Adisa OT, Salawu MA, Kimble R. Association of Bullying Victimization With Suicide Ideation and Attempt Among School-Going Adolescents in Post-conflict Liberia: Findings From the Global School-Based Health Survey. Cureus 2023; 15:e40077. [PMID: 37425537 PMCID: PMC10326865 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.40077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Background School-based bullying is a global problem that negatively impacts the victims' and perpetrators' health and well-being. There is a paucity of data regarding bullying in schools and its association with suicide behaviors among adolescents in Liberia. Objective The study investigated the impact of bullying victimization on suicidal thoughts and suicide attempts among adolescents in Liberia. It aimed to provide insights into the consequences of bullying victimization on adolescents' mental health regarding their thoughts of self-harm and suicide attempts. Methods The study utilized data from the 2017 Liberia Global School-based Health Survey (GSHS) to analyze information on 2744 students between the ages of 11 and 18 years, with 52.4% being males. Prevalence rates of bullying victimization and suicide behaviors were calculated using descriptive statistics. Multiple logistic regressions were used to model the relationship between being bullied and experiencing suicidal behaviors (ideation and attempts). Results Among the 2744 adolescents examined, 20% experienced suicidal thoughts, with about 30% of the adolescents reporting suicide attempts at some point in the year preceding the survey. Within 30 days prior to the survey, the prevalence of bullying victimization was 50%, with 44.9% experiencing frequent victimization (3 or more days). Bullying victimization was significantly linked to increased odds of suicidal ideation with planning (aOR: 1.86; P < 0.001), at least a suicide attempt (aOR: 2.16; P < 0.001), and multiple attempts at suicide (aOR: 2.67; P < 0.001). We also observed that a greater number of days bullied was dose-dependently associated with higher odds for suicide ideation and attempts. Conclusion These findings support and extend those from other developing countries, highlighting the association between school-based bullying and suicidal behaviors. The relatively high prevalence of bullying among adolescents in Liberia underscores the importance of implementing effective anti-bullying policies and suicide prevention strategies in schools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Okelue E Okobi
- Family Medicine, Medficient Health Systems, Laurel, USA
- Family Medicine, Lakeside Medical Center, Belle Glade, USA
| | - Uzoamaka Egbujo
- Internal Medicine, Lagos University Teaching Hospital, Lagos, NGA
| | - Jennifer Darke
- Education, Institute for Teacher Education and Continuing Professional Development (ITECPD), Kumasi, GHA
- Education, University of Education, Winneba, Kumasi, GHA
| | - Amaka S Odega
- Community and Family Medicine, Windsor University School of Medicine, Basseterre, KNA
- Public Health, University of South Wales, Cardiff, GBR
- Family Medicine, Olabisi Onabanjo University, Sagamu, NGA
- Psychiatry, PsycIME, London, CAN
| | | | - Olufunmilola T Adisa
- Internal Medicine and Psychiatry, Lagos State University College of Medicine, Lagos, NGA
| | - Mujeeb A Salawu
- Medicine and Surgery, University of Ilorin College of Health Sciences, Ilorin, NGA
- Internal Medicine and Psychiatry, Houston Health department, Houston, USA
| | - Rita Kimble
- Research and Development, University of Maryland, Laurel, USA
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29
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Patterson MW, Pivnick L, Mann FD, Grotzinger AD, Monahan KC, Steinberg LD, Oosterhoff B, Tackett JL, Tucker-Drob EM, Harden KP. A Mixed-Methods Approach to Refining and Measuring the Construct of Positive Risk-Taking in Adolescence. JOURNAL OF RESEARCH ON ADOLESCENCE : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR RESEARCH ON ADOLESCENCE 2023; 33:680-700. [PMID: 36358015 PMCID: PMC10464509 DOI: 10.1111/jora.12807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Adolescence is a peak period for risk-taking, but research has largely overlooked positive manifestations of adolescent risk-taking due to ambiguity regarding operationalization and measurement of positive risk-taking. We address this limitation using a mixed-methods approach. We elicited free responses from contemporary college students (N = 74, Mage = 20.1 years) describing a time they took a risk. Qualitative analysis informed the construction of a self-report positive risk-taking scale, which was administered to a population-based sample of adolescents (N = 1,249, Mage = 16 years) for quantitative validation and examination of associations with normative and impulsive personality. Sensation seeking predicted negative and positive risk-taking, whereas extraversion and openness were predominantly related to positive risk-taking. Results provide promising evidence for a valid measure of adolescents' engagement in positive risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan W. Patterson
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Colorado, Denver – Anschutz Medical Campus
| | - Lilla Pivnick
- Tennesee Department of Education
- Center for Education Policy Research, Harvard University
| | - Frank D. Mann
- Department of Family, Population, and Preventative Medicine, Stony Brook University
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Elliot M. Tucker-Drob
- Department of Psychology, University of Texas at Austin
- Population Research Center, University of Texas at Austin
| | - K. Paige Harden
- Department of Psychology, University of Texas at Austin
- Population Research Center, University of Texas at Austin
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30
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Zagaria A, Vacca M, Cerolini S, Terrasi M, Bacaro V, Ballesio A, Baglioni C, Spinhoven P, Lombardo C. Differential Associations of Cognitive Emotion Regulation Strategies with Depression, Anxiety, and Insomnia in Adolescence and Early Adulthood. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:ijerph20105857. [PMID: 37239583 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20105857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Revised: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
While difficulties with emotion regulation (ER) are consistently linked to poor mental health in adulthood, findings in adolescence have been more mixed. Cognitive ER strategies, which involve the ability to manage emotions through mental processes, may be particularly important during different stages of development due to age-specific adjustments. We conducted two exploratory and cross-sectional studies to examine the relationships between cognitive ER strategies and mental health (i.e., depressive, anxiety, and insomnia symptoms) in two samples: 431 young adults (Mage = 20.66 ± 2.21; 70% women and 30% men) and 271 adolescents (Mage = 14.80 ± 0.0.59; 44.6% girls and 55.4% boys). The participants completed a group of questionnaires, including the Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire, the Insomnia Severity Index, the Beck Depression Inventory-II, the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, and the Youth Self Report. We employed hierarchical multiple regressions to assess the unique contribution of cognitive ER strategies to mental health outcomes. Maladaptive strategies (such as rumination and catastrophizing) were consistently associated with impaired mental health in both samples, while adaptive strategies (such as positive refocusing and positive reappraisal) were only associated with better mental health in young adults. These findings support the importance of cognitive ER strategies as potential risk factors for psychopathology and suggest that interventions aimed at improving emotion regulation may be beneficial. The age-specific differences in the relationship between cognitive ER strategies and mental health may reflect the refinement of emotion regulation abilities across the lifespan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Zagaria
- Department of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | | | - Silvia Cerolini
- Department of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Michela Terrasi
- Department of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Valeria Bacaro
- Department of Psychology, University of Bologna, 40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - Andrea Ballesio
- Department of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Chiara Baglioni
- Department of Human Sciences, University of Rome Guglielmo Marconi, 00193 Rome, Italy
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, 79098 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Philip Spinhoven
- Department of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
- Institute of Psychology, Leiden University, 2333 AK Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Caterina Lombardo
- Department of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
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31
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van Drunen L, Toenders YJ, Wierenga LM, Crone EA. Effects of COVID-19 pandemic on structural brain development in early adolescence. Sci Rep 2023; 13:5600. [PMID: 37019914 PMCID: PMC10075168 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-32754-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic caused a global health crisis with large behavioral effects and serious stress and social consequences. Particularly, teenagers suffered pandemic-related social restrictions including school closures. This study examined whether and how structural brain development was influenced by the COVID-19 pandemic and whether pandemic length was associated with accumulating or resilience effects of brain development. We investigated structural changes in social brain regions (medial prefrontal cortex: mPFC; temporoparietal junction: TPJ) as well as the stress-related hippocampus and amygdala, using a longitudinal design of 2 MRI waves. We selected two age-matched subgroups (9-13 years old), one was tested before (n = 114) and the other during (peri-pandemic group, n = 204) the COVID-19 pandemic. Results indicated that teenagers in the peri-pandemic group showed accelerated development in the mPFC and hippocampus compared to the before-pandemic group. Furthermore, TPJ growth showed immediate effects followed by possibly subsequent recovery effects that returned to a typical developmental pattern. No effects were observed for the amygdala. The findings of this region-of-interest study suggest that experiencing the COVID-19 pandemic measures had accelerating effects on hippocampus and mPFC development but the TPJ showed resilience to negative effects. Follow-up MRI assessments are needed to test acceleration and recovery effects over longer periods.
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Affiliation(s)
- L van Drunen
- Leiden Consortium of Individual Development (L-CID), 2333 AK, Leiden, The Netherlands.
- Social and Behavioral Sciences, Erasmus University Rotterdam, 3062 PA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
- Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition (LIBC), 2333 AK, Leiden, The Netherlands.
- Institute of Psychology, Leiden University, 2333 AK, Leiden, The Netherlands.
- Brain and Development Research Center, Leiden University, Wassenaarseweg 52, 2333 AK, Leiden, The Netherlands.
| | - Y J Toenders
- Leiden Consortium of Individual Development (L-CID), 2333 AK, Leiden, The Netherlands.
- Social and Behavioral Sciences, Erasmus University Rotterdam, 3062 PA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
- Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition (LIBC), 2333 AK, Leiden, The Netherlands.
- Institute of Psychology, Leiden University, 2333 AK, Leiden, The Netherlands.
- Brain and Development Research Center, Leiden University, Wassenaarseweg 52, 2333 AK, Leiden, The Netherlands.
| | - L M Wierenga
- Leiden Consortium of Individual Development (L-CID), 2333 AK, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition (LIBC), 2333 AK, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Institute of Psychology, Leiden University, 2333 AK, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - E A Crone
- Leiden Consortium of Individual Development (L-CID), 2333 AK, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Social and Behavioral Sciences, Erasmus University Rotterdam, 3062 PA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition (LIBC), 2333 AK, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Institute of Psychology, Leiden University, 2333 AK, Leiden, The Netherlands
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32
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Neural Correlates of Antisocial Behavior: The Victim’s Perspective. Brain Sci 2023; 13:brainsci13030474. [PMID: 36979284 PMCID: PMC10045997 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci13030474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2023] [Revised: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Antisocial behavior involves actions that disregard the basic rights of others and may represent a threat to the social system. The neural processes associated with being subject to antisocial behavior, including social victimization, are still unknown. In this study, we used a social interaction task during functional magnetic resonance imaging to investigate the neural bases of social victimization. Brain activation and functional connectivity (FC) were estimated and correlated with the Big 5 Questionnaire, Temperament Evaluation in Memphis, Pisa and San Diego (TEMPS-M), and a Questionnaire of Daily Frustration scores. During social victimization, the right occipital and temporal cortex showed increased activation. The temporal cortex also had reduced FC with homotopic areas. Compared to the prosocial interaction, social victimization showed hyperactivation of the dorsomedial and lateral prefrontal cortex, putamen, and thalamus and increased FC of the medial-frontal–striatal–thalamic areas with the ventrolateral prefrontal cortex, insula, dorsal cingulate, and postcentral gyrus. Lastly, neuroticism, irritable temperament, and frustration scores were correlated with the magnitude of neural responses to social victimization. Our findings suggest that social victimization engages a set of regions associated with salience, emotional processing, and regulation, and these responses can be modulated by temperamental and personality traits.
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33
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Mason A, Crowe E, Haragan B, Smith S, Kyriakou A. Gender Dysphoria in Young People: A Model of Chronic Stress. Horm Res Paediatr 2023; 96:54-65. [PMID: 34673639 DOI: 10.1159/000520361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gender dysphoria (GD) refers to the distress that may accompany gender incongruence, often heightened at the onset of puberty, with the development of secondary sex characteristics. Children and adolescents may be especially vulnerable to severe stressors, including GD, with potentially irreversible effects if these exposures occur during critical periods of development and brain maturation. SUMMARY We describe the evidence for GD as a chronic stressor, drawing parallels to other established models of stress, activating both innate psychological and biological stress responses. As well as being an inherently distressing experience, a person who experiences GD may also experience minority stress. Minority stress has been demonstrated in young people who experience GD with higher rates of social rejection and internalized stigma and shame. The biological stress response in young people with GD is illustrated through the activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, autonomic nervous system, and pro-inflammatory response. The number of young people who report experiencing GD has increased exponentially worldwide in the past decade, demanding a change in the clinic infrastructure. Paediatric endocrinologists and specialists in mental health work together to both support psychosocial well-being and offer individualized treatment to align the phenotype with gender identity with the aim of alleviating the distress of GD. Medical interventions may include puberty suppression and gender-affirming hormones. Ongoing monitoring is required prior to initiation and during treatment to ensure that the goals of treatment are being achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avril Mason
- Department of Paediatric Endocrinology, Royal Hospital for Children, Glasgow, UK
| | - Eimear Crowe
- Young People's Gender Service, Sandyford Services, Glasgow, UK
| | - Beccy Haragan
- Young People's Gender Service, Sandyford Services, Glasgow, UK
| | - Simon Smith
- Young People's Gender Service, Sandyford Services, Glasgow, UK
| | - Andreas Kyriakou
- Department of Paediatric Endocrinology, Royal Hospital for Children, Glasgow, UK.,Department of Paediatric Endocrinology, Makarios Children's Hospital, Nicosia, Cyprus
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34
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Modi HH, Davis MM, Gordon WT, Telzer EH, Rudolph KD. Need for approval and antisocial behavior moderate the effect of socioemotional cues on adolescent girls' cognitive control. Child Dev 2023; 94:529-543. [PMID: 36437780 PMCID: PMC9991998 DOI: 10.1111/cdev.13875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
To examine whether need for approval (NFA) and antisocial behavior (ASB) moderate the effects of socioemotional stimuli on cognitive control, 88 girls (Mage = 16.31 years; SD = 0.84; 65.9% White) completed a socioemotional Go/No-go and questionnaires. At high approach NFA, girls responded more slowly during appetitive than control (b = -8.80, p < .01) and aversive (b = -5.58, p = .01) trials. At high ASB, girls responded more slowly (b = -6.12, p = .02) and less accurately (OR = 1.11, p = .03) during appetitive than aversive trials; at low ASB, girls responded more slowly during aversive than control trials (b = -4.42, p = .04). Thus, both context and individual differences influence adolescents' cognitive control.
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35
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Halldorsson B, Waite P, Harvey K, Pearcey S, Creswell C. In the moment social experiences and perceptions of children with social anxiety disorder: A qualitative study. BRITISH JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PSYCHOLOGY 2023; 62:53-69. [PMID: 36214425 PMCID: PMC10091697 DOI: 10.1111/bjc.12393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Revised: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Childhood social anxiety disorder (SAD) is a common and disabling condition. General forms of cognitive behavioural treatments have demonstrated poorer efficacy for childhood SAD when compared to other childhood anxiety disorders and further understanding of the psychological factors that contribute to the maintenance of childhood SAD is warranted. Examining the social experiences of children with SAD may help to identify relevant psychological factors and increase our understanding of what keeps childhood SAD going. METHODS The current study used reflexive thematic analysis to analyse the transcripts of interviews with 12 children aged 8-12 years with SAD who had been interviewed about their 'in the moment' social experiences during a social stress induction task. The interview topic guide included factors hypothesized to maintain SAD in adult cognitive models of the disorder. RESULTS The interviews revealed both variety and commonalities in the experiences and interpretations of social events in children with SAD, captured in three related main themes: (i) Discomfort being the centre of attention, (ii) (Lack of) awareness of cognitions and (iii) Managing social fears. Findings indicated likely developmental influences on which maintenance mechanisms apply at which point in time. CONCLUSIONS There is variation in the psychological mechanisms that children with SAD endorse and developmental factors are likely to influence when specific mechanisms are relevant. We now need further studies that take a developmentally informed approach to understand the nature of the association between the factors identified in this study and social anxiety in childhood to inform the development of more effective interventions for childhood SAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brynjar Halldorsson
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.,Oxford Health NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK.,Department of Psychology, Reykjavik University, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Polly Waite
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.,School of Psychology and Clinical Language Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, UK
| | - Kate Harvey
- School of Psychology and Clinical Language Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, UK
| | - Samantha Pearcey
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Cathy Creswell
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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36
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Adolescents' neural reactivity to acute psychosocial stress: dysfunctional regulation habits are linked to temporal gyrus response. Dev Psychopathol 2023; 35:332-344. [PMID: 34365995 DOI: 10.1017/s0954579421000572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Mid-adolescence is a critical time for the development of stress-related disorders and it is associated with significant social vulnerability. However, little is known about normative neural processes accompanying psychosocial stress at this time. Previous research found that emotion regulation strategies critically influence the relationship between stress and the development of psychiatric symptoms during adolescence. Using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), we examined neural responses to acute stress and analyzed whether the tendency to use adaptive or maladaptive emotion regulation strategies is related to neural and autonomic stress responses. Results show large linear activation increases from low to medium to high stress levels mainly in medial prefrontal, insulae and temporal areas. Caudate and subgenual anterior cingulate cortex, neural areas related to reward and affective valuations, showed linearly decreasing activation. In line with our hypothesis, the current adolescent neural stress profile resembled social rejection and was characterized by pronounced activation in insula, angular and temporal cortices. Moreover, results point to an intriguing role of the anterior temporal gyrus. Stress-related activity in the anterior temporal gyrus was positively related to maladaptive regulation strategies and stress-induced autonomic activity. Maladaptive coping might increase the social threat and reappraisal load of a stressor, relating to higher stress sensitivity of anterior temporal cortices.
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37
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Orben A, Blakemore SJ. How social media affects teen mental health: a missing link. Nature 2023; 614:410-412. [PMID: 36788371 DOI: 10.1038/d41586-023-00402-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
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38
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Minihan S, Kwok C, Schweizer S. Social rejection sensitivity and its role in adolescent emotional disorder symptomatology. Child Adolesc Psychiatry Ment Health 2023; 17:8. [PMID: 36647142 PMCID: PMC9843960 DOI: 10.1186/s13034-022-00555-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Most emotional disorders first emerge during adolescence, a time characterized by heightened sensitivity to social information, especially social rejection. Social rejection sensitivity (SRS), then, may be a promising intervention target. METHODS To explore this, 357 participants (M (SD) age = 19.40 (4.18), 63% female) completed self-report measures of SRS, its proposed antecedent, perceived parenting style, its proposed behavioral correlate, negative interpretation bias, and its proposed clinical correlate, emotional disorder symptoms. Participants additionally completed a single session of a social interpretation bias modification task, the ambiguous social scenarios task (ASST). RESULTS SRS was associated with perceived parental rejection, while controlling for other types of maladaptive parenting. SRS partially accounted for variance in the relationship between perceived parental rejection and emotional disorder symptomatology, as well as the relationship between negative interpretation bias and emotional disorder symptoms. Learning rates (i.e., change in reaction time across the task) on the ASST differed as a function of age and SRS, such that younger participants with higher SRS showed the slowest rate of learning. Moreover, individual differences in SRS accounted for the magnitude of change in negative interpretation bias before and after the ASST. Individuals with greater SRS showed less change in interpretation bias. CONCLUSIONS SRS appears strongly associated with emotional disorder symptoms in adolescents. Importantly, SRS was associated with the malleability of negative interpretation bias, which may help account for the mixed findings on the effectiveness of interpretation-bias-modification-paradigms in adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Savannah Minihan
- grid.1005.40000 0004 4902 0432Developmental Affective Science Lab, School of Psychology, University of New South Wales, Kensington, Australia
| | - Cassandra Kwok
- grid.1005.40000 0004 4902 0432Developmental Affective Science Lab, School of Psychology, University of New South Wales, Kensington, Australia
| | - Susanne Schweizer
- Developmental Affective Science Lab, School of Psychology, University of New South Wales, Kensington, Australia. .,Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience Group, Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
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39
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Marciano L, Viswanath K. Social media use and adolescents' well-being: A note on flourishing. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1092109. [PMID: 37089739 PMCID: PMC10116992 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1092109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Several large-scale studies and reviews have reported both negative and positive associations of social media use with well-being, suggesting that the findings are more complex and need more nuanced study. Moreover, there is little or no exploration of how social media use in adolescence influences flourishing, a more all-encompassing construct beyond well-being, including six sub-domains (i.e., happiness, meaning and purpose, physical and mental health, character, close social relationships, and financial stability). This paper aims to fill this gap by understanding how adolescents might flourish through social media activities by fulfilling the basic needs pointed out by the Self-Determination Theory, i.e., relatedness, autonomy, and competence. Methods The study is drawn on cross-sectional data collected from 1,429 Swiss adolescents (58.8% females, Mage = 15.84, SDage = 0.83) as part of the HappyB project in Spring 2022. Self-reported measures included the Harvard Adolescent Flourishing scale, positive and negative online social experiences, self-disclosure on social media, and social media inspiration. Control variables included, among others, self-esteem, ill-being, and personality. Results After applying Bonferroni's correction, results of the hierarchical regression analyses showed that positive social media experiences (β = 0.112, p < 0.001) and social media inspirations from others (β = 0.072, p < 0.001) and for others (β = 0.060, p = 0.003) were positively associated with flourishing. Flourishing was inversely associated with negative social media experiences (β = -0.076, p < 0.001). Among covariates, self-esteem (β = 0.350, p < 0.001), ill-being (β = -0.252, p < 0.001), perceived school environment (β = 0.138, p < 0.001), self-reported level of physical activity (β =0.109, p < 0.001), and perceived socio-economic status (β = -0.059, p = 0.001) were all related to flourishing. In contrast, gender, high school year, age, perceived stress, and personality (extraversion and neuroticism) were not. Conclusion Using a well-being framework to investigate social media use in adolescents is needed to go beyond the ill-being perspective. Our results align with the needs pointed out by the Self-Determination Theory. Carrying out social media activities in a way that promotes-rather than diminishes-flourishing should be included as an additional good habit influencing adolescents' development. We suggest that interventions aiming to foster adolescents' flourishing should include curricula aiming to promote a good use of social media through positive online social relationships and inspirational contents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Marciano
- Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Lee Kum Sheung Center for Health and Happiness, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, United States
- Institute of Public Health, USI Università della Svizzera italiana, Lugano, Switzerland
- *Correspondence: Laura Marciano,
| | - Kasisomayajula Viswanath
- Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Lee Kum Sheung Center for Health and Happiness, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, United States
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40
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Kim MJ, Sul S. On the relationship between the social brain, social connectedness, and wellbeing. Front Psychiatry 2023; 14:1112438. [PMID: 36911115 PMCID: PMC9998496 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1112438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The emergence of social neuroscience in the past two decades has offered a useful neurocognitive framework for understanding human social behavior. Of importance, social neuroscience research aimed to provide mechanistic explanations for the established link between wellbeing and social behavioral phenomena-particularly those reflective of social connectedness. Here, we provide an overview of the relevant literature focusing on recent work using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). In general, fMRI research demonstrated that aspects of social connectedness that are known to either positively (e.g., social acceptance) or negatively (e.g., social isolation) impact wellbeing also modulated the activity of subcortical reward system accordingly. Similar modulatory influence was found for the activity of other brain regions such as the medial prefrontal cortex, which are typically regarded as components of the "social brain" that support a wide range of functions related to social cognition and behavior. Elucidating such individual differences in brain activity may shed light onto the neural underpinnings of the link between social connectedness and wellbeing.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Justin Kim
- Department of Psychology, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Center for Neuroscience Imaging Research, Institute for Basic Science, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Sunhae Sul
- Department of Psychology, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
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41
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Rodman AM, Powers KE, Kastman EK, Kabotyanski KE, Stark AM, Mair P, Somerville LH. Physical Effort Exertion for Peer Feedback Reveals Evolving Social Motivations From Adolescence to Young Adulthood. Psychol Sci 2023; 34:60-74. [PMID: 36283029 PMCID: PMC9982232 DOI: 10.1177/09567976221121351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Peer relationships and social belonging are particularly important during adolescence. Using a willingness-to-work paradigm to quantify incentive motivation, we examined whether evaluative information holds unique value for adolescents. Participants (N = 102; 12-23 years old) rated peers, predicted how peers rated them, and exerted physical effort to view each peer's rating. We measured grip force, speed, and opt-out behavior to examine the motivational value of peer feedback, relative to money in a control condition, and to assess how peer desirability and participants' expectations modulated motivated effort across age. Overall, when compared with adolescents, adults were relatively less motivated for feedback than money. Whereas adults exerted less force and speed for feedback when expecting rejection, adolescents exerted greater force and speed when expecting to be more strongly liked or disliked. These findings suggest that the transition into adulthood is accompanied by a self-protective focus, whereas adolescents are motivated to consume highly informative feedback, even if negative.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Erik K. Kastman
- Department of Psychology and Center for Brain
Science, Harvard University
| | | | - Abigail M. Stark
- Department of Psychology and Center for Brain
Science, Harvard University
| | - Patrick Mair
- Department of Psychology and Center for Brain
Science, Harvard University
| | - Leah H. Somerville
- Department of Psychology and Center for Brain
Science, Harvard University
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42
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Cook C, Crucianelli L, Filippetti ML. Changes in self-other boundaries modulate children's body image attitudes. Front Hum Neurosci 2023; 17:1181395. [PMID: 37206310 PMCID: PMC10191255 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2023.1181395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023] Open
Abstract
One's own face is a key distinctive feature of our physical appearance, yet multisensory visuo-tactile stimulation can alter self-other boundaries, eliciting changes in adult's self-face representation and social cognition processes. This study tested whether changing self-face representation by altering self-other boundaries with the enfacement illusion modulates body image attitudes toward others in 6-11-year-old children (N = 51; 31 girls; predominantly White). Across all ages, congruent multisensory information led to stronger enfacement (η2p = 0.06). Participants who experienced a stronger enfacement illusion showed preference for larger body size, suggesting increased positive body size attitudes. This effect was stronger in 6-7-year-olds compared to 8-9-year-olds. Thus, blurring self-other boundaries successfully modulates self-face representation and body image attitudes toward others in children. Our results suggest that increased self-resemblance through self-other blurring resulting from the enfacement illusion may reduce social comparisons between self and other and result in positive body size attitudes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caryn Cook
- Department of Psychology, Centre for Brain Science, University of Essex, Colchester, United Kingdom
| | - Laura Crucianelli
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Maria Laura Filippetti
- Department of Psychology, Centre for Brain Science, University of Essex, Colchester, United Kingdom
- *Correspondence: Maria Laura Filippetti,
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43
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Bersia M, Koumantakis E, Berchialla P, Charrier L, Ricotti A, Grimaldi P, Dalmasso P, Comoretto RI. Suicide spectrum among young people during the COVID-19 pandemic: A systematic review and meta-analysis. EClinicalMedicine 2022; 54:101705. [PMID: 36338787 PMCID: PMC9621691 DOI: 10.1016/j.eclinm.2022.101705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Revised: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There are concerns that suicidal behaviors are arising among adolescents. The COVID-19 pandemic could have worsened the picture, however, studies on this topic reported contrasting results. This work aimed to summarise findings from the worldwide emerging literature on the rates of suicidality among young people during the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS A systematic review and meta-analysis were performed, searching five electronic databases for studies published from January 1, 2020 until July 27, 2022. Studies reporting rates for each of the three considered outcomes (suicide, suicidal behaviors, and suicidal ideation) among young people under 19 years old during the COVID-19 pandemic were included. Random-effects meta-analyses were conducted, and the intra-study risk of bias was assessed. When pre-COVID-19 data were available, incidence rate ratio (IRR) and prevalence ratio (PR) estimates were calculated between the two periods. All the analyses were performed according to the setting explored: general population, emergency department (ED), and psychiatric services. The review protocol was registered on PROSPERO (CRD42022308014). FINDINGS Forty-seven observational studies were selected for more than 65 million subjects. The results of the meta-analysis showed a pooled annual incidence rate of suicides of 4.9 cases/100,000 during 2020, accounting for a non-statistically significant increase of 10% compared to 2019 (IRR 1.10, 95% CI: 0.94-1.29). The suicidal behaviors pooled prevalence during the COVID-19 pandemic was higher in the psychiatric setting (25%; 95% CI: 17-36%) than in the general population (3%; 1-13%) and ED (1%; 0-9%). The pooled rate of suicidal ideation was 17% in the general population (11-25%), 36% in psychiatric setting (20-56%) and 2% in ED (0-12%). The heterogeneity level was over 97% for both outcomes in all settings considered. The comparison between before and during COVID-19 periods highlighted a non-statistically significant upward trend in suicidal behaviors among the general population and in ED setting. The only significant increase was found for suicidal ideation in psychiatric setting among studies conducted in 2021 (PR 1.15; 95% CI: 1.04-1.27), not observed exploring 2020 alone. INTERPRETATION During the pandemic, suicide spectrum issues seemed to follow the known pattern described in previous studies, with higher rates of suicidal ideation than of suicidal behaviors and suicide events. Governments and other stakeholders should be mindful that youth may have unique risks at the outset of large disasters like the COVID-19 pandemic and proactive steps are necessary to address the needs of youth to mitigate those risks. FUNDING The present study was funded by the University of Torino (CHAL_RILO_21_01).
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Affiliation(s)
- Michela Bersia
- Department of Public Health and Pediatrics, University of Torino, Via Santena 5 bis, 10126 Torino, Italy
| | - Emanuele Koumantakis
- Department of Public Health and Pediatrics, University of Torino, Via Santena 5 bis, 10126 Torino, Italy
| | - Paola Berchialla
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Torino, Regione Gonzole 43, 10043, Orbassano, Italy
| | - Lorena Charrier
- Department of Public Health and Pediatrics, University of Torino, Via Santena 5 bis, 10126 Torino, Italy
- Corresponding author.
| | - Andrea Ricotti
- Department of Public Health and Pediatrics, University of Torino, Via Santena 5 bis, 10126 Torino, Italy
| | - Piercesare Grimaldi
- Department of Public Health and Pediatrics, University of Torino, Via Santena 5 bis, 10126 Torino, Italy
| | - Paola Dalmasso
- Department of Public Health and Pediatrics, University of Torino, Via Santena 5 bis, 10126 Torino, Italy
| | - Rosanna I. Comoretto
- Department of Public Health and Pediatrics, University of Torino, Via Santena 5 bis, 10126 Torino, Italy
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44
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Layton D, Forst M, Broderick B. A Rights-Based Approach to Youth Inclusion in Public Health Policy. Am J Public Health 2022; 112:1120-1122. [PMID: 35709428 PMCID: PMC9342805 DOI: 10.2105/ajph.2022.306944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Danielle Layton
- Danielle Layton, Michael Forst, and Beth Broderick are with the Maine Youth Action Network, Portland
| | - Michael Forst
- Danielle Layton, Michael Forst, and Beth Broderick are with the Maine Youth Action Network, Portland
| | - Beth Broderick
- Danielle Layton, Michael Forst, and Beth Broderick are with the Maine Youth Action Network, Portland
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45
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Yamada J, Shou Q, Miyazaki A, Matsuda T, Takagishi H. Association between relational mobility, brain structure, and prosociality in adolescents. Int J Dev Neurosci 2022; 82:615-625. [PMID: 35840544 DOI: 10.1002/jdn.10214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2022] [Revised: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Trust plays a vital role in human society. Previous studies have suggested that trust comprises general trust and caution. General trust is a belief that others, in general, are trustworthy, and caution is a belief in the importance of vigilance in dealing with others. Adolescence is a critical period for establishing these psychological traits. It is a period of physical and mental development, and the social environment during this period influences adolescents' psychology, including their brain structures. In this study, we focus on relational mobility as a socio-environmental factor that influences the development of adolescents' psychology and the brain. Relational mobility refers to the degree of freedom to choose and replace social relationships and consists of two subfactors (the degree of freedom to choose and replace social relationships and the number of opportunities to meet new people). Accordingly, we analyzed each subfactor separately. Results showed that the degree of freedom to choose and replace social relationships was only negatively associated with caution and left posterior superior temporal gyrus (pSTG) volume in adolescents. Furthermore, the effect of the freedom to choose and replace social relationships on caution was significantly relevant to the left pSTG volume. In contrast, the degree of opportunities to meet new people was associated with neither general trust nor caution, whereas it was positively associated with the right supramarginal gyrus volume. This study suggests that the social environment during adolescence influences brain structures related to prosociality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junko Yamada
- Brain Science Institute, Tamagawa University, Machida, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Qiulu Shou
- Graduate School of Brain Sciences, Tamagawa University, Machida, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Atsushi Miyazaki
- Brain Science Institute, Tamagawa University, Machida, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Matsuda
- Brain Science Institute, Tamagawa University, Machida, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Haruto Takagishi
- Brain Science Institute, Tamagawa University, Machida, Tokyo, Japan
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46
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Wikman P, Moisala M, Ylinen A, Lindblom J, Leikas S, Salmela-Aro K, Lonka K, Güroğlu B, Alho K. Brain Responses to Peer Feedback in Social Media Are Modulated by Valence in Late Adolescence. Front Behav Neurosci 2022; 16:790478. [PMID: 35706832 PMCID: PMC9190756 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2022.790478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have examined the neural correlates of receiving negative feedback from peers during virtual social interaction in young people. However, there is a lack of studies applying platforms adolescents use in daily life. In the present study, 92 late-adolescent participants performed a task that involved receiving positive and negative feedback to their opinions from peers in a Facebook-like platform, while brain activity was measured using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Peer feedback was shown to activate clusters in the ventrolateral prefrontal cortex (VLPFC), medial prefrontal cortex (MPFC), superior temporal gyrus and sulcus (STG/STS), and occipital cortex (OC). Negative feedback was related to greater activity in the VLPFC, MPFC, and anterior insula than positive feedback, replicating previous findings on peer feedback and social rejection. Real-life habits of social media use did not correlate with brain responses to negative feedback.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrik Wikman
- Department of Psychology and Logopedics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Advanced Magnetic Imaging Centre, Aalto NeuroImaging, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland
| | - Mona Moisala
- Department of Psychology and Logopedics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Advanced Magnetic Imaging Centre, Aalto NeuroImaging, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland
| | - Artturi Ylinen
- Department of Psychology and Logopedics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jallu Lindblom
- Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Sointu Leikas
- Swedish School of Social Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Katariina Salmela-Aro
- Faculty of Educational Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- School of Education, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - Kirsti Lonka
- Faculty of Educational Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Optentia Research Focus Area, North-West University, Vanderbijlpark, South Africa
| | - Berna Güroğlu
- Institute of Psychology, Developmental and Educational Psychology Unit, Leiden University, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Kimmo Alho
- Department of Psychology and Logopedics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Advanced Magnetic Imaging Centre, Aalto NeuroImaging, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland
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47
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Charmaraman L, Cobas S, Weed J, Gu Q, Kiel E, Chin H, Gramajo A, Mueller MK. From Regulating Emotions to Less Lonely Screen Time: Parents’ Qualitative Perspectives of the Benefits and Challenges of Adolescent Pet Companionship. Behav Sci (Basel) 2022; 12:bs12050143. [PMID: 35621440 PMCID: PMC9137762 DOI: 10.3390/bs12050143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Revised: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Adolescence is a prime developmental period to explore human–pet relationships, particularly given that teens are often relying less on their families, and more on other attachment figures such as peers and pets. However, most research on pet companionship is conducted with adults and young children. Moreover, lived experiences around having pets in households with adolescents are underexplored, particularly from parents’ perspectives. This qualitative interview study of 31 parents/guardians in the Northeast U.S. explored perceptions of the benefits and challenges of having pets for their adolescent’s well-being as well as how adolescents affected their pet’s well-being. Our three main themes for perceived benefits of pets included social (e.g., reducing anxiety), physical (e.g., screen time companionship), and emotional (e.g., regulation of difficult emotions such as anger, loneliness). Challenges to adolescent well-being included such social topics as family tension around unevenly shared responsibilities, physical themes such as problematic animal behaviors, and emotional themes related to grieving the passing of pets. We offer a developmental systems approach to understanding pets within adolescent families, noting future directions for developing family interventions to improve pet–adolescent interactions given the demands of child and pet upbringing during adolescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda Charmaraman
- Wellesley Centers for Women, Wellesley College, Wellesley, MA 02481, USA; (S.C.); (J.W.); (Q.G.); (E.K.); (H.C.); (A.G.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Stephanie Cobas
- Wellesley Centers for Women, Wellesley College, Wellesley, MA 02481, USA; (S.C.); (J.W.); (Q.G.); (E.K.); (H.C.); (A.G.)
| | - Jules Weed
- Wellesley Centers for Women, Wellesley College, Wellesley, MA 02481, USA; (S.C.); (J.W.); (Q.G.); (E.K.); (H.C.); (A.G.)
| | - Quan Gu
- Wellesley Centers for Women, Wellesley College, Wellesley, MA 02481, USA; (S.C.); (J.W.); (Q.G.); (E.K.); (H.C.); (A.G.)
| | - Elizabeth Kiel
- Wellesley Centers for Women, Wellesley College, Wellesley, MA 02481, USA; (S.C.); (J.W.); (Q.G.); (E.K.); (H.C.); (A.G.)
| | - Holly Chin
- Wellesley Centers for Women, Wellesley College, Wellesley, MA 02481, USA; (S.C.); (J.W.); (Q.G.); (E.K.); (H.C.); (A.G.)
| | - Alyssa Gramajo
- Wellesley Centers for Women, Wellesley College, Wellesley, MA 02481, USA; (S.C.); (J.W.); (Q.G.); (E.K.); (H.C.); (A.G.)
| | - Megan K. Mueller
- Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine, Tufts University, North Grafton, MA 01536, USA;
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48
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Emotional maltreatment and neglect impact neural activation upon exclusion in early and mid-adolescence: An event-related fMRI study. Dev Psychopathol 2022; 34:573-585. [PMID: 35105412 DOI: 10.1017/s0954579421001681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Child maltreatment gives rise to atypical patterns of social functioning with peers which might be particularly pronounced in early adolescence when peer influence typically peaks. Yet, few neuroimaging studies in adolescents use peer interaction paradigms to parse neural correlates of distinct maltreatment exposures. This fMRI study examines effects of abuse, neglect, and emotional maltreatment (EM) among 98 youth (n = 58 maltreated; n = 40 matched controls) using an event-related Cyberball paradigm affording assessment of both social exclusion and inclusion across early and mid-adolescence (≤13.5 years, n = 50; >13.5 years, n = 48). Younger adolescents showed increased activation to social exclusion versus inclusion in regions implicated in mentalizing (e.g., superior temporal gyrus). Individual exposure-specific analyses suggested that neglect and EM coincided with less reduction of activation to social exclusion relative to inclusion in the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex/pre-supplementary motor area (dACC/pre-SMA) among younger versus older adolescents. Integrative follow-up analyses showed that EM accounted for this dACC/pre-SMA activation pattern over and above other exposures. Moreover, age-independent results within respective exposure groups revealed that greater magnitude of neglect predicted blunted exclusion-related activity in the parahippocampal gyrus, while EM predicted increased activation to social exclusion in the precuneus/posterior cingulate cortex.
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49
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Frontal EEG asymmetry moderates the relation between borderline personality disorder features and feelings of social rejection in adolescents. Dev Psychopathol 2022; 35:876-890. [PMID: 35440357 DOI: 10.1017/s0954579422000128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Although associations among borderline personality disorder (BPD), social rejection, and frontal EEG alpha asymmetry scores (FAA, a neural correlate of emotion regulation and approach-withdrawal motivations) have been explored in different studies, relatively little work has examined these relations during adolescence in the same study. We examined whether FAA moderated the relation between BPD features and rejection sensitivity following a validated social exclusion paradigm, Cyberball. A mixed, clinical-community sample of 64 adolescents (females = 62.5%; Mage = 14.45 years; SD = 1.6; range = 11-17 years) completed psychodiagnostic interviews and a self-report measure of BPD (Time 1). Approximately two weeks later (Time 2), participants completed a resting EEG recording followed by Cyberball. FAA moderated the relation between BPD features and overall feelings of rejection following Cyberball: individuals with greater relative left FAA had the highest and lowest feelings of social rejection depending on whether they had high and low BPD feature scores, respectively. Results remained after controlling for age, sex, gender, depression, and BPD diagnosis. These results suggest that FAA may moderate the relation between BPD features and social rejection, and that left frontal brain activity at rest may be differentially associated with those feelings in BPD. Findings are discussed in terms of the link between left frontal brain activity in the regulation and dysregulation of social approach behaviors, characteristic of BPD.
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50
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Haslam Z, Taylor EP. The relationship between child neglect and adolescent interpersonal functioning: A systematic review. CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT 2022; 125:105510. [PMID: 35078090 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2022.105510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neglect is a highly prevalent, yet historically understudied form of maltreatment. Recent research has revealed the far reaching and unique effects that neglect has on subsequent cognitive, behavioural and socio-emotional development, and on long-term physical and mental health outcomes. Adolescent interpersonal functioning is important to explore given the significant relational transitions that occur during this stage of development, and the known impact that these social changes can have on future life outcomes. OBJECTIVE This systematic review synthesises the literature exploring the relationship between neglect and adolescent interpersonal functioning in peer relationships. METHODS Seven databases and three grey literature sites were systematically searched, and identified records screened against inclusion criteria. RESULTS Twenty-one articles were included in the final sample, exploring five different indicators of adolescent interpersonal functioning. Around half of the papers investigating quality of peer relationships found that neglect, particularly emotional neglect, is associated with reduced relationship quality, and there is consistent evidence that neglect increases the risk of gang involvement and deviant peer affiliation. CONCLUSIONS These findings may be used to strengthen a trauma-informed approach to work with adolescents. Research on neglect and adolescent romantic relationships is sparse. Overall, the literature is varied and further research using longitudinal data and consistent measures of neglect would be of value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoe Haslam
- School of Health in Social Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland EH8 9AG, UK
| | - Emily P Taylor
- School of Health in Social Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland EH8 9AG, UK.
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