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Sukmak P, Kulworasreth P, Treveeravoot S, Arinno A, Anuwongworavet S, Wachiradejkul W, Kulworasreth P, Teansuk N, Thongnak L, Amonlerdpison D, Inchai J, Jakrachai C, Akrimajirachoote N, Aonbangkhen C, Muanprasat C, Poolsri W, Vaddhanaphuti CS, Pongkorpsakol P. Solanum melongena L. Extract Promotes Intestinal Tight Junction Re-Assembly via SIRT-1-Dependent Mechanisms. Mol Nutr Food Res 2024; 68:e2400230. [PMID: 39086054 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202400230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2024] [Revised: 06/30/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024]
Abstract
Tight junction disruption can lead to pathogenesis of various diseases without therapeutic strategy to recover intestinal barrier integrity. The main objective of this study is to demonstrate the effect of Solanum melongena L. extract (SMLE) on intestinal tight junction recovery and its underlying mechanism. Intestinal barrier function is attenuated by Ca2+ depletion. SMLE treatment increased TER value across T84 cell monolayers. Permeability assay reveals that Ca2+ depletion promotes 4-kDa FITC-dextran permeability, but not 70-kDa FITC-dextran. SMLE suppresses the rate of 4-kDa FITC-dextran permeability, indicating that SMLE inhibits paracellular leak pathway permeability. SMLE-mediated TER increase and leak pathway suppression are abolished by neither calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase kinase β (CaMKKβ) inhibitor nor AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) inhibitor. Furthermore, mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) inhibitors have no effects on SMLE-mediated TER increase and leak pathway suppression. Interestingly, SMLE is unable to enhance TER value and diminish leak pathway permeability in T84 cell monolayers pre-treated with sirtuin-1 (SIRT-1) inhibitor. Immunofluorescence staining reveals that SMLE enhances re-assembly of tight junction proteins, including occludin and ZO-1 to intercellular space but this effect is abolished by SIRT-1 inhibitor. These data suggest that SMLE promotes intestinal tight junction re-assembly via SIRT-1-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pichayapa Sukmak
- Princess Srisavangavadhana College of Medicine, Chulabhorn Royal Academy, Bangkok, Thailand
- Laboratory of Epithelial Tight Junction Pathophysiology, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Purisha Kulworasreth
- Princess Srisavangavadhana College of Medicine, Chulabhorn Royal Academy, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Supisara Treveeravoot
- Princess Srisavangavadhana College of Medicine, Chulabhorn Royal Academy, Bangkok, Thailand
- Laboratory of Epithelial Tight Junction Pathophysiology, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Apiwan Arinno
- Princess Srisavangavadhana College of Medicine, Chulabhorn Royal Academy, Bangkok, Thailand
- Laboratory of Epithelial Tight Junction Pathophysiology, Bangkok, Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Natural Products Chemistry (CENP), Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | | | - Wanapas Wachiradejkul
- Princess Srisavangavadhana College of Medicine, Chulabhorn Royal Academy, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Purit Kulworasreth
- Princess Srisavangavadhana College of Medicine, Chulabhorn Royal Academy, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Natnicha Teansuk
- Princess Srisavangavadhana College of Medicine, Chulabhorn Royal Academy, Bangkok, Thailand
- Laboratory of Epithelial Tight Junction Pathophysiology, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Laongdao Thongnak
- Princess Srisavangavadhana College of Medicine, Chulabhorn Royal Academy, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Doungporn Amonlerdpison
- Center of Excellence in Agricultural Innovation for Graduate Entrepreneur and Faculty of Fisheries Technology and Aquatic Resources, Maejo University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Jakkapong Inchai
- Innovative Research Unit of Epithelial Transport and Regulation (iETR), Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Chaiwet Jakrachai
- Innovative Research Unit of Epithelial Transport and Regulation (iETR), Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | | | - Chanat Aonbangkhen
- Center of Excellence in Natural Products Chemistry (CENP), Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Chatchai Muanprasat
- Chakri Naruebodindra Medical Institute, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Samut Prakan, Thailand
| | | | - Chutima S Vaddhanaphuti
- Innovative Research Unit of Epithelial Transport and Regulation (iETR), Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Pawin Pongkorpsakol
- Princess Srisavangavadhana College of Medicine, Chulabhorn Royal Academy, Bangkok, Thailand
- Laboratory of Epithelial Tight Junction Pathophysiology, Bangkok, Thailand
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Singla S, Jena G. Studies on the mechanism of local and extra-intestinal tissue manifestations in AOM-DSS-induced carcinogenesis in BALB/c mice: role of PARP-1, NLRP3, and autophagy. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2024; 397:4321-4337. [PMID: 38091080 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-023-02878-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/23/2024]
Abstract
Colitis-associated colorectal cancer (CACC) is one of the devastating complications of long-term inflammatory bowel disease and is associated with substantial morbidity and mortality. Combination of azoxymethane (AOM) and dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) has been extensively used for inflammation-mediated colon tumor development due to its reproducibility, potency, histological and molecular changes, and resemblance to human CACC. In the tumor microenvironment and extra-intestinal tissues, PARP-1, NLRP3 inflammasome, and autophagy's biological functions are complicated and encompass intricate interactions between these molecular components. The focus of the present investigation is to determine the colonic and extra-intestinal tissue damage induced by AOM-DSS and related molecular mechanisms. Azoxymethane (10 mg/kg, i.p.; single injection) followed by DSS (3 cycles, 7 days per cycle) over a period of 10 weeks induced colitis-associated colon cancer in male BALB/c mice. By initiating carcinogenesis with a single injection of azoxymethane (AOM) and then establishing inflammation with dextran sulfate sodium (DSS), a two-stage murine model for CACC was developed. Biochemical parameters, ELISA, histopathological and immunohistochemical analysis, and western blotting have been performed to evaluate the colonic, hepatic, testicular and pancreatic damage. In addition, the AOM/DSS-induced damage has been assessed by analyzing the expression of a variety of molecular targets, including proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), interleukin-10 (IL-10), AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP-1), cysteine-associated protein kinase-1 (caspase-1), NLR family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3), beclin-1, and interleukin-1β (IL-1β). Present findings revealed that AOM/DSS developed tumors in colon tissue followed by extra-intestinal hepatic, testicular, and pancreatic damages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shivani Singla
- Facility for Risk Assessment and Intervention Studies, Dept. of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, S.A.S, Nagar, Punjab, 160062, India
| | - Gopabandhu Jena
- Facility for Risk Assessment and Intervention Studies, Dept. of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, S.A.S, Nagar, Punjab, 160062, India.
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Bahavarnia F, Hasanzadeh M, Bahavarnia P, Shadjou N. Advancements in application of chitosan and cyclodextrins in biomedicine and pharmaceutics: recent progress and future trends. RSC Adv 2024; 14:13384-13412. [PMID: 38660530 PMCID: PMC11041621 DOI: 10.1039/d4ra01370k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
The global community is faced with numerous health concerns such as cancer, cardiovascular and neurological diseases, diabetes, joint pain, osteoporosis, among others. With the advancement of research in the fields of materials chemistry and medicine, pharmaceutical technology and biomedical analysis have entered a new stage of development. The utilization of natural oligosaccharides and polysaccharides in pharmaceutical/biomedical studies has gained significant attention. Over the past decade, several studies have shown that chitosan and cyclodextrin have promising biomedical implications in background analysis, ongoing development, and critical applications in biomedical and pharmaceutical research fields. This review introduces different types of saccharides/natural biopolymers such as chitosan and cyclodextrin and discusses their wide-ranging applications in the biomedical/pharmaceutical research area. Recent research advances in pharmaceutics and drug delivery based on cyclodextrin, and their response to smart stimuli, as well as the biological functions of cyclodextrin and chitosan, such as the immunomodulatory effects, antioxidant, and antibacterial properties, have also been discussed, along with their applications in tissue engineering, wound dressing, and drug delivery systems. Finally, the innovative applications of chitosan and cyclodextrin in the pharmaceutical/biomedicine were reviewed, and current challenges, research/technological gaps, and future development opportunities were surveyed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farnaz Bahavarnia
- Nutrition Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences Tabriz Iran
| | - Mohammad Hasanzadeh
- Pharmaceutical Analysis Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences Tabriz Iran
| | - Parinaz Bahavarnia
- Food and Drug Safety Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences Tabriz Iran
| | - Nasrin Shadjou
- Department of Nanotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry, Urmia University Urmia Iran
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Wang L, Zhang C, Fan S, Wang J, Zhou W, Zhou Z, Liu Y, Wang Q, Liu W, Dai X. Chitosan oligosaccharide improves intestinal homeostasis to achieve the protection for the epithelial barrier of female Drosophila melanogaster via regulating intestinal microflora. Microbiol Spectr 2024; 12:e0363923. [PMID: 38411050 PMCID: PMC10986574 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.03639-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Chitosan oligosaccharide (COS) is a new type of marine functional oligosaccharide with biological activities such as regulating intestinal microflora and improving intestinal immunity. In this study, female Drosophila melanogaster was used as a model organism to evaluate the effect of COS on intestinal injury by H2O2 induction, and its mechanism was explored through the analysis of intestinal homeostasis. The results showed that 0.25% of COS could effectively prolong the lifespan of stressed female D. melanogaster by increasing its antioxidant capacity and maintaining intestinal homeostasis, which included protecting the mechanical barrier, promoting the chemical barrier, and regulating the biological barrier by affecting its autophagy and the antioxidant signaling pathway. Additionally, the protective effect of COS on the intestinal barrier and homeostasis of D. melanogaster under oxidative stress status is directly related to its regulation of the intestinal microflora, which could decrease excessive autophagy and activate the antioxidant system to promote health. IMPORTANCE The epithelial barrier plays an important role in the organism's health. Chitosan oligosaccharide (COS), a new potential prebiotic, exhibits excellent antioxidant capacity and anti-inflammatory effects. Our study elucidated the protective mechanisms of COS on the intestinal barrier of Drosophila melanogaster under oxidative stress, which could provide new insights into COS application in various industries, such as food, agriculture, and medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Wang
- College of Life Sciences, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Cheng Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shuhang Fan
- College of Life Sciences, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | | | - Weihao Zhou
- College of Life Sciences, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhaohui Zhou
- College of Life Sciences, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yuhang Liu
- College of Life Sciences, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qianna Wang
- College of Life Sciences, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xianjun Dai
- College of Life Sciences, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Specialty Agri-Product Quality and Hazard Controlling Technology of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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Linh NV, Lubis AR, Dinh-Hung N, Wannavijit S, Montha N, Fontana CM, Lengkidworraphiphat P, Srinual O, Jung WK, Paolucci M, Doan HV. Effects of Shrimp Shell-Derived Chitosan on Growth, Immunity, Intestinal Morphology, and Gene Expression of Nile Tilapia ( Oreochromis niloticus) Reared in a Biofloc System. Mar Drugs 2024; 22:150. [PMID: 38667767 PMCID: PMC11050815 DOI: 10.3390/md22040150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Chitosan (CH) shows great potential as an immunostimulatory feed additive in aquaculture. This study evaluates the effects of varying dietary CH levels on the growth, immunity, intestinal morphology, and antioxidant status of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) reared in a biofloc system. Tilapia fingerlings (mean weight 13.54 ± 0.05 g) were fed diets supplemented with 0 (CH0), 5 (CH5), 10 (CH10), 20 (CH20), and 40 (CH40) mL·kg-1 of CH for 8 weeks. Parameters were assessed after 4 and 8 weeks. Their final weight was not affected by CH supplementation, but CH at 10 mL·kg-1 significantly improved weight gain (WG) and specific growth rate (SGR) compared to the control (p < 0.05) at 8 weeks. Skin mucus lysozyme and peroxidase activities were lower in the chitosan-treated groups at weeks 4 and 8. Intestinal villi length and width were enhanced by 10 and 20 mL·kg-1 CH compared to the control. However, 40 mL·kg-1 CH caused detrimental impacts on the villi and muscular layer. CH supplementation, especially 5-10 mL·kg-1, increased liver and intestinal expressions of interleukin 1 (IL-1), interleukin 8 (IL-8), LPS-binding protein (LBP), glutathione reductase (GSR), glutathione peroxidase (GPX), and glutathione S-transferase (GST-α) compared to the control group. Overall, dietary CH at 10 mL·kg-1 can effectively promote growth, intestinal morphology, innate immunity, and antioxidant capacity in Nile tilapia fingerlings reared in biofloc systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nguyen Vu Linh
- Department of Animal and Aquatic Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (N.V.L.); (S.W.); (N.M.); (C.M.F.); (O.S.)
- Functional Feed Innovation Center (FuncFeed), Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Anisa Rilla Lubis
- Department of Animal and Aquatic Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (N.V.L.); (S.W.); (N.M.); (C.M.F.); (O.S.)
| | - Nguyen Dinh-Hung
- Aquaculture Pathology Laboratory, School of Animal & Comparative Biochemical Sciences, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
| | - Supreya Wannavijit
- Department of Animal and Aquatic Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (N.V.L.); (S.W.); (N.M.); (C.M.F.); (O.S.)
| | - Napatsorn Montha
- Department of Animal and Aquatic Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (N.V.L.); (S.W.); (N.M.); (C.M.F.); (O.S.)
| | - Camilla Maria Fontana
- Department of Animal and Aquatic Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (N.V.L.); (S.W.); (N.M.); (C.M.F.); (O.S.)
| | - Phattawin Lengkidworraphiphat
- Multidisciplinary Research Institute, Chiang Mai University, 239 Huay Keaw Rd., Suthep, Muang, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand;
| | - Orranee Srinual
- Department of Animal and Aquatic Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (N.V.L.); (S.W.); (N.M.); (C.M.F.); (O.S.)
- Functional Feed Innovation Center (FuncFeed), Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Won-Kyo Jung
- Marine Integrated Biomedical Technology Center, The National Key Research Institutes in Universities, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea;
| | - Marina Paolucci
- Department of Science and Technologies, University of Sannio, 82100 Benevento, Italy;
| | - Hien Van Doan
- Department of Animal and Aquatic Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (N.V.L.); (S.W.); (N.M.); (C.M.F.); (O.S.)
- Functional Feed Innovation Center (FuncFeed), Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
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Yamabhai M, Khamphio M, Min TT, Soem CN, Cuong NC, Aprilia WR, Luesukprasert K, Teeranitayatarn K, Maneedaeng A, Tuveng TR, Lorentzen SB, Antonsen S, Jitprasertwong P, Eijsink VGH. Valorization of shrimp processing waste-derived chitosan into anti-inflammatory chitosan-oligosaccharides (CHOS). Carbohydr Polym 2024; 324:121546. [PMID: 37985116 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2023.121546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Revised: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
Bioconversion of chitosan into soluble anti-inflammatory chitosan oligosaccharides (CHOS) using a Bacillus chitosanase, BsCsn46A, was investigated, including food-grade approaches. After 48 h of enzymatic reaction, most of the final products were dimers and trimers. None of the CHOS products showed toxicity to human fibroblasts. Analysis of CHOS bioactivity against LPS-induced inflammation of human macrophages indicated that CHOS generated from different bioconversion processes have anti-inflammatory activity, the magnitude of which depends on the type of substrate and production process. Both lactic acid and HCl can be used to dissolve chitosan; however, the product generated from lactic acid solution was highly hygroscopic after lyophilization, hence not suitable for long-term storage. Downstream processes, i.e., centrifugation and filtration, affect its anti-inflammatory activity. Analysis of standard CHOS with known structure showed that an acetyl group at the reducing end and the degree of polymerization (DP) are critical for biological activity. Importantly, when applied at levels above the optimal concentrations, certain standard CHOS and CHOS mixtures could induce inflammation. These results support the potential of CHOS as anti-inflammatory agents but reveal batch-to-batch variation and possible side effects, indicating that careful quality assurance of CHOS preparations is essential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Montarop Yamabhai
- Molecular Biotechnology Laboratory, School of Biotechnology, Institute of Agricultural Technology, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand.
| | - Munthipha Khamphio
- Molecular Biotechnology Laboratory, School of Biotechnology, Institute of Agricultural Technology, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand
| | - Thae Thae Min
- Molecular Biotechnology Laboratory, School of Biotechnology, Institute of Agricultural Technology, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand
| | - Chai Noy Soem
- Molecular Biotechnology Laboratory, School of Biotechnology, Institute of Agricultural Technology, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand
| | - Nguyen Cao Cuong
- Molecular Biotechnology Laboratory, School of Biotechnology, Institute of Agricultural Technology, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand; Faculty of Engineering and Food Technology, Hue University of Agriculture and Forestry, Hue University, Thua Thien Hue 530000, Vietnam
| | - Waheni Rizki Aprilia
- Molecular Biotechnology Laboratory, School of Biotechnology, Institute of Agricultural Technology, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand
| | | | | | - Atthaphon Maneedaeng
- School of Chemical Engineering, Institute of Engineering, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand
| | - Tina R Tuveng
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), P.O. Box 5003, 1432 Ås, Norway
| | - Silje B Lorentzen
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), P.O. Box 5003, 1432 Ås, Norway
| | - Simen Antonsen
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), P.O. Box 5003, 1432 Ås, Norway
| | - Paiboon Jitprasertwong
- SUT Oral Health Center, Suranaree University of Technology Hospital (SUTH), Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand; School of Dentistry, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand
| | - Vincent G H Eijsink
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), P.O. Box 5003, 1432 Ås, Norway
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Meng T, Liu C, Chen Y, Yu M, He J, Tan B, Fu X, He J, Xiao D. Dietary Chito-oligosaccharide attenuates LPS-challenged intestinal inflammation via regulating mitochondrial apoptotic and MAPK signaling pathway. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 126:111153. [PMID: 37979451 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.111153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/29/2023] [Indexed: 11/20/2023]
Abstract
To investigate the regulatory effects of Chito-oligosaccharide (COS) on the anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory, and MAPK signaling pathways. A total of 40 28-day-old weaned piglets were randomly allotted to 4 equal groups [including the control group, lipopolysaccharide (LPS) group, COS group, and COS*LPS group]. On the morning of d 14 and 21, piglets were injected with saline or LPS. At 2 h post-injection, whole blood samples were collected on d 14 and 21, and small intestine and liver samples were collected and analyzed on d 21. The results showed that COS inhibited the LPS-induced increase of malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration and hepatic TNF-α cytokines. COS significantly increased the serum total antioxidant capability (T-AOC) value on d 14, and total superoxide dismutase (T-SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-PX) activities in both serum and liver on d 21. Furthermore, it increased hepatic catalase (CAT) activity. COS also increased the LPS-induced decrease in serum IgG concentrations. Immunohistochemical analysis results showed that COS significantly increased the jejunal and ileal Caspase 3, and ileal CD4+ values challenged by LPS. Dietary COS decreased the LPS-induced jejunal and ileal BAX and CCL2 mRNA levels, markedly decreased ileal COX2 and SOD1 mRNA levels, while increasing ileal iNOS. Furthermore, COS significantly increased the LPS-induced jejunal and ileal p-P38 and MyD88, as well as jejunal P38, while it effectively suppressed jejunal JNK1, and jejunal and ileal JNK2, p-JNK1, and p-JNK2 protein expressions. These results demonstrated that COS could be beneficial by attenuating LPS-challenged intestinal inflammation via regulating mitochondrial apoptotic and MAPK signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiantian Meng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; College of Life Science, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang 464000, China
| | - Chunming Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Yulian Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Manrong Yu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Jianfu He
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Bihui Tan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Xiaoqin Fu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Jianhua He
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Dingfu Xiao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China.
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Yuan Y, Wang F, Liu X, Shuai B, Fan H. The Role of AMPK Signaling in Ulcerative Colitis. Drug Des Devel Ther 2023; 17:3855-3875. [PMID: 38170149 PMCID: PMC10759424 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s442154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic non-specific inflammatory bowel disease characterized by inflammation and ulcer formation of the intestinal mucosa. Due to its high recurrence rate, prolonged course, limited curative options, and significant impact on patients' quality of life, along with a notable potential for malignant transformation, UC is designated as a refractory global health challenge by the World Health Organization (WHO). The elucidation of the pathogenesis and therapeutic strategies for UC requires further in-depth investigation. AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) serves as a central regulator of cellular energy metabolic homeostasis. Emerging evidence indicates that interventions involving traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) components, as well as other pharmacological measures, exert beneficial effects on the intestinal mucosal inflammation and epithelial barrier dysfunction in UC by modulating AMPK signaling, thereby influencing biological processes such as cellular autophagy, apoptosis, inflammatory responses, macrophage polarization, and NLRP3 inflammasome-mediated pyroptosis. The role of AMPK in UC is of significant importance. This manuscript provides a comprehensive overview of the mechanisms through which AMPK is involved in UC, as well as a compilation of pharmacological agents capable of activating the AMPK signaling pathway within the context of UC. The primary objective is to facilitate a deeper comprehension of the pivotal role of AMPK in UC among researchers and clinical practitioners, thereby advancing the identification of novel therapeutic targets for interventions in UC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuyi Yuan
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430022, People’s Republic of China
| | - Fang Wang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Jingshan Union Hospital, Union Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Jingshan, Hubei, 431800, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xingxing Liu
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430022, People’s Republic of China
| | - Bo Shuai
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430022, People’s Republic of China
| | - Heng Fan
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430022, People’s Republic of China
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Yang X, Zeng D, Li C, Yu W, Xie G, Zhang Y, Lu W. Therapeutic potential and mechanism of functional oligosaccharides in inflammatory bowel disease: a review. FOOD SCIENCE AND HUMAN WELLNESS 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fshw.2023.03.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/08/2023]
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Mavrogeni ME, Asadpoor M, Judernatz JH, van Ark I, Wösten MMSM, Strijbis K, Pieters RJ, Folkerts G, Braber S. Protective Effects of Alginate and Chitosan Oligosaccharides against Clostridioides difficile Bacteria and Toxin. Toxins (Basel) 2023; 15:586. [PMID: 37888617 PMCID: PMC10610568 DOI: 10.3390/toxins15100586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Revised: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Clostridioides difficile infection is expected to become the most common healthcare-associated infection worldwide. C. difficile-induced pathogenicity is significantly attributed to its enterotoxin, TcdA, which primarily targets Rho-GTPases involved in regulating cytoskeletal and tight junction (TJ) dynamics, thus leading to cytoskeleton breakdown and ultimately increased intestinal permeability. This study investigated whether two non-digestible oligosaccharides (NDOs), alginate (AOS) and chitosan (COS) oligosaccharides, possess antipathogenic and barrier-protective properties against C. difficile bacteria and TcdA toxin, respectively. Both NDOs significantly reduced C. difficile growth, while cell cytotoxicity assays demonstrated that neither COS nor AOS significantly attenuated the TcdA-induced cell death 24 h post-exposure. The challenge of Caco-2 monolayers with increasing TcdA concentrations increased paracellular permeability, as measured by TEER and LY flux assays. In this experimental setup, COS completely abolished, and AOS mitigated, the deleterious effects of TcdA on the monolayer's integrity. These events were not accompanied by alterations in ZO-1 and occludin protein levels; however, immunofluorescence microscopy revealed that both AOS and COS prevented the TcdA-induced occludin mislocalization. Finally, both NDOs accelerated TJ reassembly upon a calcium-switch assay. Overall, this study established the antipathogenic and barrier-protective capacity of AOS and COS against C. difficile and its toxin, TcdA, while revealing their ability to promote TJ reassembly in Caco-2 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Eleni Mavrogeni
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Mostafa Asadpoor
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Jo H Judernatz
- Structural Biochemistry Group, Bijvoet Centre for Biomolecular Research, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Ingrid van Ark
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Marc M S M Wösten
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Department of Biomolecular Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 1, 3584 CL Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Karin Strijbis
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Department of Biomolecular Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 1, 3584 CL Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Roland J Pieters
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Gert Folkerts
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Saskia Braber
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
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11
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Mehmood T, Pichyangkura R, Muanprasat C. Chitosan Oligosaccharide Promotes Junction Barrier through Modulation of PI3K/AKT and ERK Signaling Intricate Interplay in T84 Cells. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15071681. [PMID: 37050295 PMCID: PMC10096774 DOI: 10.3390/polym15071681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/19/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Chitosan oligosaccharide (COS) is a breakdown product of chitin, a polymer of N-acetyl-D-glucosamine. COS promotes barrier function in intestinal epithelial cells. However, the exact mechanism of COS-induced barrier function remains unknown. This study was aimed to explore the intricate signaling cascades in the junction barrier induced by COS (100 μg/mL) in human intestinal epithelial cells (T84 cells). COS (100 μg/mL) promoted tight junction assembly and increased transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER). COS inhibited FITC-dextran flux in T84 cell monolayers at 2 h, 4 h, 6 h and 24 h post treatment. In addition, the effect of COS on TEER and FITC-dextran flux was abrogated by pre-incubation of wortmannin (2 μM), an AKT (protein kinase B) inhibitor, at 2 h and 4 h post treatment, indicating that COS-induced tight junction integrity was mediated at least in part by AKT activation. COS-induced TEER was amplified at 24 h and 48 h post treatment by pre-incubation with SC79 (2.5 μM), an AKT activator. Moreover, COS induced inhibition of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) in T84 cells. Wortmannin and SC79 pre-incubation promoted ERK activation and ERK inhibition, respectively, suggesting that COS-induced ERK inhibition was mediated by AKT. Collectively, this study reveals that COS promotes junction barrier integrity via regulating PI3K/AKT and ERK signaling intricate interplay in T84 cell monolayers. COS may be beneficial in promoting junction barrier in intestinal disorders.
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12
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Kamal M, Kishk WH, Khalil HA, Abdel-Khalek AM, Ayoub MA, Swelum AA, Alqhtani AH, Ba-Awadh HA, Abd El-Hack ME. Effect of dietary chitosan supplementation on productive and physiological performance parameters of growing New Zealand white rabbits. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 230:123166. [PMID: 36623627 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.123166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2022] [Revised: 12/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the effects of dietary chitosan supplementation on the growth performance, carcass traits, and some physiological parameters of weaned New Zealand White rabbits (NZW). Sixty-four NZWs were randomly distributed into four dietary experimental groups (n = 16) and fed a basal diet ad libitum for eight weeks: under Egyptian conditions. The basal diet without chitosan served as the control group, while the other three groups were fed diets containing 0.2, 0.4 and 0.6 g chitosan/kg diet. We observed significant (P ≤ 0.05) differences among chitosan treatments. Specifically, groups supplemented with chitosan in their diets had significantly (P ≤ 0.05) higher final body weight and weight gain, as well as an improved feed conversion ratio compared to the control group. Rabbits fed chitosan at 0.2 g/kg diet performed the best in growth traits compared to other treatment groups. Rabbits fed chitosan at 0.4 g/kg diet had significantly (P ≤ 0.05) higher levels of total protein in their blood than in the control group. However, levels did not differ significantly from that in the 0.2 group. Likewise, the highest (P ≤ 0.05) levels of glucose and HDL concentrations were detected in rabbits fed chitosan at a 0.2 g/kg diet. All chitosan-supplemented groups (especially at 0.2 g/kg diet) had higher economic efficiency and relative profit levels than the control group. Moreover, morphometric evaluations of the small intestine revealed higher villi number and crypt depth values in chitosan-treated animals compared to the control group. We conclude that using chitosan at levels of 0.2 or 0.4 g/kg diet can effectively improve the body weight gain, feed conversion ratio and economic efficiency, as well as the overall health status of NZW under Egyptian conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud Kamal
- Animal Production Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Dokki, Giza 12618, Egypt
| | - Waleid H Kishk
- Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt
| | - Hassan A Khalil
- Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt
| | - Ahmed M Abdel-Khalek
- Animal Production Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Dokki, Giza 12618, Egypt
| | - Mostafa A Ayoub
- Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt
| | - Ayman A Swelum
- Department of Animal Production, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA).
| | - Abdulmohsen H Alqhtani
- Department of Animal Production, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA)
| | - Hani A Ba-Awadh
- Department of Animal Production, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA)
| | - Mohamed E Abd El-Hack
- Poultry Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt.
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Effects of chitosan oligosaccharides (COS) and FMT from COS-dosed mice on intestinal barrier function and cell apoptosis. Carbohydr Polym 2022; 297:120043. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2022.120043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2022] [Revised: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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14
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Mavrogeni ME, Asadpoor M, Henricks PAJ, Keshavarzian A, Folkerts G, Braber S. Direct Action of Non-Digestible Oligosaccharides against a Leaky Gut. Nutrients 2022; 14:4699. [PMID: 36364961 PMCID: PMC9655944 DOI: 10.3390/nu14214699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Revised: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The epithelial monolayer is the primary determinant of mucosal barrier function, and tight junction (TJ) complexes seal the paracellular space between the adjacent epithelial cells and represent the main "gate-keepers" of the paracellular route. Impaired TJ functionality results in increased permeation of the "pro-inflammatory" luminal contents to the circulation that induces local and systemic inflammatory and immune responses, ultimately triggering and/or perpetuating (chronic) systemic inflammatory disorders. Increased gut leakiness is associated with intestinal and systemic disease states such as inflammatory bowel disease and neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson's disease. Modulation of TJ dynamics is an appealing strategy aiming at inflammatory conditions associated with compromised intestinal epithelial function. Recently there has been a growing interest in nutraceuticals, particularly in non-digestible oligosaccharides (NDOs). NDOs confer innumerable health benefits via microbiome-shaping and gut microbiota-related immune responses, including enhancement of epithelial barrier integrity. Emerging evidence supports that NDOs also exert health-beneficial effects on microbiota independently via direct interactions with intestinal epithelial and immune cells. Among these valuable features, NDOs promote barrier function by directly regulating TJs via AMPK-, PKC-, MAPK-, and TLR-associated pathways. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the epithelial barrier-protective effects of different NDOs with a special focus on their microbiota-independent modulation of TJs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Eleni Mavrogeni
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Mostafa Asadpoor
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Paul A. J. Henricks
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Ali Keshavarzian
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Gert Folkerts
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Saskia Braber
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
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15
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Mehmood T, Pichyangkura R, Muanprasat C. Chitosan Oligosaccharide Prevents Afatinib-Induced Barrier Disruption and Chloride Secretion through Modulation of AMPK, PI3K/AKT, and ERK Signaling in T84 Cells. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14204255. [PMID: 36297833 PMCID: PMC9611671 DOI: 10.3390/polym14204255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Revised: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Diarrhea is an important adverse effect of epidermal growth factor receptor-tyrosine kinase inhibitors, especially afatinib. Novel antidiarrheal agents are needed to reduce epidermal growth factor receptor-tyrosine kinase inhibitor-associated diarrhea to improve the quality of life and treatment outcome in cancer patients. This study aimed to investigate the anti-diarrheal activity of chitosan oligosaccharide against afatinib-induced barrier disruption and chloride secretion in human intestinal epithelial cells (T84 cells). Chitosan oligosaccharide (100 μg/mL) prevented afatinib-induced barrier disruption determined by changes in transepithelial electrical resistance and FITC-dextran flux in the T84 cell monolayers. In addition, chitosan oligosaccharide prevented afatinib-induced potentiation of cAMP-induced chloride secretion measured by short-circuit current analyses in the T84 cell monolayers. Chitosan oligosaccharide induced the activation of AMPK, a positive regulator of epithelial tight junction and a negative regulator of cAMP-induced chloride secretion. Moreover, chitosan oligosaccharide partially reversed afatinib-induced AKT inhibition without affecting afatinib-induced ERK inhibition via AMPK-independent mechanisms. Collectively, this study reveals that chitosan oligosaccharide prevents the afatinib-induced diarrheal activities in T84 cells via both AMPK-dependent and AMPK-independent mechanisms. Chitosan oligosaccharide represents a promising natural polymer-derived compound for further development of treatment for afatinib-associated diarrheas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tahir Mehmood
- Chakri Naruebodindra Medical Institute, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bang Phli, Samut Prakan 10540, Thailand
| | - Rath Pichyangkura
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Patumwan, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Chatchai Muanprasat
- Chakri Naruebodindra Medical Institute, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bang Phli, Samut Prakan 10540, Thailand
- Correspondence:
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16
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Multifunctional role of chitosan in farm animals: a comprehensive review. ANNALS OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.2478/aoas-2022-0054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The deacetylation of chitin results in chitosan, a fibrous-like material. It may be produced in large quantities since the raw material (chitin) is plentiful in nature as a component of crustacean (shrimps and crabs) and insect hard outer skeletons, as well as the cell walls of some fungi. Chitosan is a nontoxic, biodegradable, and biocompatible polygluchitosanamine that contains two essential reactive functional groups, including amino and hydroxyl groups. This unique chemical structure confers chitosan with many biological functions and activities such as antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, antioxidative, antitumor, immunostimulatory and hypocholesterolemic, when used as a feed additive for farm animals. Studies have indicated the beneficial effects of chitosan on animal health and performance, aside from its safer use as an antibiotic alternative. This review aimed to highlight the effects of chitosan on animal health and performance when used as a promising feed additive.
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17
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Chitosan Oligosaccharide Attenuates Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Intestinal Barrier Dysfunction through Suppressing the Inflammatory Response and Oxidative Stress in Mice. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11071384. [PMID: 35883875 PMCID: PMC9312058 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11071384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Revised: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
This study was conducted to investigate the protective effect of chitosan oligosaccharide (COS) against lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced intestinal injury. The results demonstrated that COS improved the mucosal morphology of the jejunum and colon in LPS-challenged mice. COS alleviated the LPS-induced down-regulation of tight junction protein expressions and reduction of goblet cells number and mucin expression. The mRNA expressions of anti-microbial peptides secreted by the intestinal cells were also up-regulated by COS. Additionally, COS decreased pro-inflammatory cytokine production and neutrophil recruitment in the jejunum and colon of LPS-treated mice. COS ameliorated intestinal oxidative stress through up-regulating the mRNA expressions of nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 and downstream antioxidant enzymes genes. Correlation analysis indicated that the beneficial effects of COS on intestinal barrier function were associated with its anti-inflammatory activities and antioxidant capacity. Our study provides evidence for the application of COS to the prevention of intestinal barrier dysfunction caused by the stress of a LPS challenge.
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18
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Sutthasupha P, Promsan S, Thongnak L, Pengrattanachot N, Phengpol N, Jaruan O, Jaikumkao K, Muanprasat C, Pichyangkura R, Chatsudthipong V, Lungkaphin A. Chitosan oligosaccharide mitigates kidney injury in prediabetic rats by improving intestinal barrier and renal autophagy. Carbohydr Polym 2022; 288:119405. [PMID: 35450657 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2022.119405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Revised: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Consumption of a high-fat diet (HFD) not only increases the risk of metabolic syndrome but also initiates kidney injury. Lipid accumulation-induced systemic low-grade inflammation is an upstream mechanism of kidney injury associated with prediabetes. Chitosan oligosaccharide (COS) provides potent anti-obesity effects through several mechanisms including fecal lipid excretion. In this study, we investigated the effects of COS on the prevention of obesity-related complications and its ability to confer renoprotection in a prediabetic model. Rats fed on a HFD developed obesity, glucose intolerance and kidney dysfunction. COS intervention successfully ameliorated these conditions (p < 0.05) by attenuating intestinal lipid absorption and the renal inflammation-autophagy-apoptosis axis. A novel anti-inflammatory effect of COS had been demonstrated by the strengthening of intestinal barrier integrity via calcium-sensing receptor (p < 0.05). The use of COS as a supplement may be useful in reducing prediabetic complications especially renal injury and the risk of type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prempree Sutthasupha
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Sasivimon Promsan
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Laongdao Thongnak
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | | | - Nichakorn Phengpol
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Onanong Jaruan
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Krit Jaikumkao
- Department of Radiologic Technology, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Chatchai Muanprasat
- Chakri Naruebodindra Medical Institute, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Samut Prakan, Thailand
| | - Rath Pichyangkura
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Varanuj Chatsudthipong
- Research Center of Transport Protein for Medical Innovation, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Anusorn Lungkaphin
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand; Functional Food Research Center for Well-Being, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand.
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19
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Korbecka-Glinka G, Piekarska K, Wiśniewska-Wrona M. The Use of Carbohydrate Biopolymers in Plant Protection against Pathogenic Fungi. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:2854. [PMID: 35890629 PMCID: PMC9322042 DOI: 10.3390/polym14142854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2022] [Revised: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Fungal pathogens cause significant yield losses of many important crops worldwide. They are commonly controlled with fungicides which may have negative impact on human health and the environment. A more sustainable plant protection can be based on carbohydrate biopolymers because they are biodegradable and may act as antifungal compounds, effective elicitors or carriers of active ingredients. We reviewed recent applications of three common polysaccharides (chitosan, alginate and cellulose) to crop protection against pathogenic fungi. We distinguished treatments dedicated for seed sowing material, field applications and coating of harvested fruits and vegetables. All reviewed biopolymers were used in the three types of treatments, therefore they proved to be versatile resources for development of plant protection products. Antifungal activity of the obtained polymer formulations and coatings is often enhanced by addition of biocontrol microorganisms, preservatives, plant extracts and essential oils. Carbohydrate polymers can also be used for controlled-release of pesticides. Rapid development of nanotechnology resulted in creating new promising methods of crop protection using nanoparticles, nano-/micro-carriers and electrospun nanofibers. To summarize this review we outline advantages and disadvantages of using carbohydrate biopolymers in plant protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grażyna Korbecka-Glinka
- Department of Plant Breeding and Biotechnology, Institute of Soil Science and Plant Cultivation-State Research Institute, Czartoryskich 8, 24-100 Puławy, Poland
| | - Klaudia Piekarska
- Biomedical Engineering Center, Łukasiewicz Research Network-Łódź Institute of Technology, Skłodowskiej-Curie 19/27, 90-570 Łódź, Poland; (K.P.); (M.W.-W.)
| | - Maria Wiśniewska-Wrona
- Biomedical Engineering Center, Łukasiewicz Research Network-Łódź Institute of Technology, Skłodowskiej-Curie 19/27, 90-570 Łódź, Poland; (K.P.); (M.W.-W.)
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20
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Guan Z, Feng Q. Chitosan and Chitooligosaccharide: The Promising Non-Plant-Derived Prebiotics with Multiple Biological Activities. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23126761. [PMID: 35743209 PMCID: PMC9223384 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23126761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2022] [Revised: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Biodegradable chitin is the second-most abundant natural polysaccharide, widely existing in the exoskeletons of crabs, shrimps, insects, and the cell walls of fungi. Chitosan and chitooligosaccharide (COS, also named chitosan oligosaccharide) are the two most important deacetylated derivatives of chitin. Compared with chitin, chitosan and COS not only have more satisfactory physicochemical properties but also exhibit additional biological activities, which cause them to be widely applied in the fields of food, medicine, and agriculture. Additionally, due to their significant ability to improve gut microbiota, chitosan and COS are deemed prospective prebiotics. Here, we introduced the production, physicochemical properties, applications, and pharmacokinetic characteristics of chitosan and COS. Furthermore, we summarized the latest research on their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial activities. Research progress on the prebiotic functions of chitosan and COS is particularly reviewed. We creatively analyzed and discussed the mechanisms and correlations underlying these activities of chitosan and COS and their physicochemical properties. Our work enriched people's understanding of these non-plant-derived prebiotics. Based on this review, the future directions of research on chitosan and COS are explored. Collectively, optimizing the production technology of chitin derivatives and enriching understanding of their biological functions will shed more light on their capability to improve human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiwei Guan
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration, Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, Department of Human Microbiome, School of Stomatology, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China;
- School of Life Science, Qilu Normal University, Jinan 250200, China
| | - Qiang Feng
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration, Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, Department of Human Microbiome, School of Stomatology, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China;
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao 266347, China
- Correspondence:
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21
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Moonwiriyakit A, Pathomthongtaweechai N, Steinhagen PR, Chantawichitwong P, Satianrapapong W, Pongkorpsakol P. Tight junctions: from molecules to gastrointestinal diseases. Tissue Barriers 2022; 11:2077620. [PMID: 35621376 PMCID: PMC10161963 DOI: 10.1080/21688370.2022.2077620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Intestinal epithelium functions as a tissue barrier to prevent interaction between the internal compartment and the external milieu. Intestinal barrier function also determines epithelial polarity for the absorption of nutrients and the secretion of waste products. These vital functions require strong integrity of tight junction proteins. In fact, intestinal tight junctions that seal the paracellular space can restrict mucosal-to-serosal transport of hostile luminal contents. Tight junctions can form both an absolute barrier and a paracellular ion channel. Although defective tight junctions potentially lead to compromised intestinal barrier and the development and progression of gastrointestinal (GI) diseases, no FDA-approved therapies that recover the epithelial tight junction barrier are currently available in clinical practice. Here, we discuss the impacts and regulatory mechanisms of tight junction disruption in the gut and related diseases. We also provide an overview of potential therapeutic targets to restore the epithelial tight junction barrier in the GI tract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aekkacha Moonwiriyakit
- Chakri Naruebodindra Medical Institute, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Samut Prakan, Thailand
| | - Nutthapoom Pathomthongtaweechai
- Chakri Naruebodindra Medical Institute, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Samut Prakan, Thailand
| | - Peter R Steinhagen
- Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Charité Medical School, Berlin, Germany
| | | | | | - Pawin Pongkorpsakol
- Princess Srisavangavadhana College of Medicine, Chulabhorn Royal Academy, Bangkok, Thailand
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22
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Chang L, Ding Y, Wang Y, Song Z, Li F, He X, Zhang H. Effects of Different Oligosaccharides on Growth Performance and Intestinal Function in Broilers. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:852545. [PMID: 35433897 PMCID: PMC9011052 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.852545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
ObjectiveThis study was conducted to investigate the effects of different oligosaccharides on the growth performance and intestinal function in broilers.MethodsA total of 360 1-day-old yellow-feather chickens were randomly divided into 5 groups and fed with a basal diet supplemented with 50 mg/kg chlortetracycline (ANT), 3 g/kg isomalto-oligosaccharide (IMO), 3 g/kg raffinose oligosaccharide (RFO), and 30 mg/kg chitooligosaccharide (COS). The experiment lasted for 56 days, with 1–28 days as the starter phase and 29–56 days as the grower phase.ResultsThe results showed that dietary supplementation with RFO and COS significantly improved average daily gain (ADG) and average daily feed intake (ADFI) (p < 0.05). Relative to the control group, diets supplemented with oligosaccharides dramatically increased the level of serum IgM (RFO, COS), T-SOD (COS), and GSH-Px (IMO and RFO) and the expression of ZO-1(IMO) and claudin-1 (RFO) (p < 0.05). Adding antibiotics or oligosaccharides to the diet could remarkedly increase the villus height and villus height (VH)/crypt depth (CD) ratio of each group (p < 0.05). Through the ileum α-diversity analysis and comparison of OTU number in each group showed that the microbial richness of the IMO group increased in the starter phase, and that of the RFO and CSO group increased in the grower phase. Additionally, compared with the control group, IMO supplementation increased the level of ileum sIgA (p < 0.05) and the content of valeric acid (p < 0.05) in the cecum.ConclusionsIn summary, the addition of oligosaccharides in diet can improve the immune function and antioxidant capacity and improve intestinal health of broilers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Chang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
- Provincial and Ministerial Co-construction of Collaborative Innovation Center for High-quality Animal Products Production, Changsha, China
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Poultry Production Safety, Changsha, China
| | - Yanan Ding
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
- Provincial and Ministerial Co-construction of Collaborative Innovation Center for High-quality Animal Products Production, Changsha, China
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Poultry Production Safety, Changsha, China
| | - Yushi Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
- Provincial and Ministerial Co-construction of Collaborative Innovation Center for High-quality Animal Products Production, Changsha, China
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Poultry Production Safety, Changsha, China
| | - Zehe Song
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
- Provincial and Ministerial Co-construction of Collaborative Innovation Center for High-quality Animal Products Production, Changsha, China
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Poultry Production Safety, Changsha, China
| | - Fei Li
- Guangxi Fufeng Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Group Co., Ltd., Nanning, China
| | - Xi He
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
- Provincial and Ministerial Co-construction of Collaborative Innovation Center for High-quality Animal Products Production, Changsha, China
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Poultry Production Safety, Changsha, China
| | - Haihan Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
- Provincial and Ministerial Co-construction of Collaborative Innovation Center for High-quality Animal Products Production, Changsha, China
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Poultry Production Safety, Changsha, China
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Advances in the colon-targeted chitosan based drug delivery systems for the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease. Carbohydr Polym 2022; 288:119351. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2022.119351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Revised: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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24
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Chen J, Zhou Z, Zheng C, Liu Y, Hao R, Ji X, Xi Q, Shen J, Li Z. Chitosan oligosaccharide regulates AMPK and STAT1 pathways synergistically to mediate PD-L1 expression for cancer chemoimmunotherapy. Carbohydr Polym 2022; 277:118869. [PMID: 34893274 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2021.118869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Revised: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
After regular chemotherapy, the expression of programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) in almost all kinds of cancers is significantly increased, leading to reduced efficacy of T cell mediated immune killing in tumors. To solve this, a lot of PD-L1 antibodies were produced and used, but their high cost and serious toxic side effects still limit its usage. Recently, small molecule compounds that could effectively regulate PD-L1 expression possess the edges to solve the problems of PD-L1 antibodies. Chitosan oligosaccharide (COS), a biomaterial derived from the N-deacetylation product of chitin, has a broad spectrum of biological activities in treating tumors. However, the mechanism of its anti-cancer effect is still not well understood. Here, for the first time, we clearly identified that COS could inhibit the upregulated PD-L1 expression induced by interferon γ (IFN-γ) in various tumors via the AMPK activation and STAT1 inhibition. Besides, COS itself significantly restricted the growth of CT26 tumors by enhancing the T cell infiltration in tumors. Furthermore, we observed that combining COS with Gemcitabine (GEM), one of the typical chemotherapeutic drugs, leaded to a more remarkable tumor remission. Therefore, it was demonstrated that COS could be used as a useful way to improve the efficacy of existing chemotherapies by effective PD-L1 downregulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiashe Chen
- Department of the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Zaigang Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Optometry and Vision Science, School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, School of Biomedical Engineering, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China; Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenzhou 325000, China.
| | - Chunjuan Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Optometry and Vision Science, School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, School of Biomedical Engineering, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China
| | - Yu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Optometry and Vision Science, School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, School of Biomedical Engineering, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China
| | - Ruiqi Hao
- Department of the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Xiaolin Ji
- Department of the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Qiaoer Xi
- Department of the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Jianliang Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Optometry and Vision Science, School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, School of Biomedical Engineering, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China; Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenzhou 325000, China; Oujiang Laboratory (Zhejiang Lab for Regenerative Medicine, Vision and Brain Health), Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, China.
| | - Zhiming Li
- Department of the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China.
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25
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A REVIEW ON POTENTIAL ANTI-DIABETIC MECHANISMS OF CHITOSAN AND ITS DERIVATIVES. CARBOHYDRATE POLYMER TECHNOLOGIES AND APPLICATIONS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carpta.2022.100188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
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26
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Chitosan Oligosaccharides Alleviate Colitis by Regulating Intestinal Microbiota and PPARγ/SIRT1-Mediated NF-κB Pathway. Mar Drugs 2022; 20:md20020096. [PMID: 35200626 PMCID: PMC8880253 DOI: 10.3390/md20020096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Revised: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Chitosan oligosaccharides (COS) have been shown to have potential protective effects against colitis, but the mechanism underlying this effect has not been fully elucidated. In this study, COS were found to significantly attenuate dextran sodium sulfate-induced colitis in mice by decreasing disease activity index scores, downregulating pro-inflammatory cytokines, and upregulating Mucin-2 levels. COS also significantly inhibited the levels of nitric oxide (NO) and IL-6 in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. Importantly, COS inhibited the activation of the NF-κB signaling pathway via activating PPARγ and SIRT1, thus reducing the production of NO and IL-6. The antagonist of PPARγ could abolish the anti-inflammatory effects of COS in LPS-treated cells. COS also activated SIRT1 to reduce the acetylation of p65 protein at lysine 310, which was reversed by silencing SIRT1 by siRNA. Moreover, COS treatment increased the diversity of intestinal microbiota and partly restored the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio. COS administration could optimize intestinal microbiota composition by increasing the abundance of norank_f_Muribaculaceae, Lactobacillus and Alistipes, while decreasing the abundance of Turicibacte. Furthermore, COS could also increase the levels of propionate and butyrate. Overall, COS can improve colitis by regulating intestinal microbiota and the PPARγ/SIRT1-mediated NF-κB pathway.
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27
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Physiological, Transcriptomic Investigation on the Tea Plant Growth and Yield Motivation by Chitosan Oligosaccharides. HORTICULTURAE 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/horticulturae8010068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Chitosan oligosaccharides (COS) has been abundantly studied for its application on regulating plant growth of many horticultural and agricultural crops. We presented here the effect of COS on tea plant growth and yield by physiological and transcriptomic checking. The results showed that COS treatment can enhance the antioxidant activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and peroxidase (POD) and increase the content of chlorophyll and soluble sugar in tea plants. The field trail results show that COS treatment can increase tea buds’ density by 13.81–23.16%, the weight of 100 buds by 15.94–18.15%, and the yield by 14.22–21.08%. Transcriptome analysis found 5409 COS-responsive differentially expressed genes (DEGs), including 3149 up-regulated and 2260 down-regulated genes, and concluded the possible metabolism pathway that responsible for COS promoting tea plant growth. Our results provided fundamental information for better understanding the molecular mechanisms for COS’s acting on tea plant growth and yield promotion and offer academic support for its practical application in tea plant.
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Yu M, Meng T, He W, Huang H, Liu C, Fu X, He J, Yin Y, Xiao D. Dietary Chito-oligosaccharides Improve Intestinal Immunity via Regulating Microbiota and Th17/Treg Balance-Related Immune Signaling in Piglets Challenged by Enterotoxigenic E. coli. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2021; 69:15195-15207. [PMID: 34881888 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c06029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
This study was conducted to investigate how chito-oligosaccharides (COSs) affect the growth performance and immune stress response and to further explain their mechanisms. A total of 32 boars that were 28 days old and three-way weaned were randomly allotted to four equal groups [CON (basal diet) group, enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) group, COS group, and COS*ETEC group]. The results showed that COS partially reversed the negative changes in the average daily gain and average daily feed intake caused by the ETEC challenge and thereby alleviated the increase in the feed conversion ratio. Dietary COS increased the villus length as compared with the CON group and improved the ileal morphological structure. Additionally, it increased the bacterial diversity and Bacteroidetes abundance and lowered the Firmicutes abundance and Firmicutes-to-Bacteroidetes ratio at the phylum level. COS treatment lowered the abundance of Lactobacillus, Streptococcus, and Anarovovrio in the intestines of piglets, while it increased Muribaculaceae_unclassified and Prevotella at the genus level. COS had a significant inhibitory effect on the increase in the relative expression abundance of STAT3 mRNA caused by ETEC. The IL-10 and FOXP3 mRNAs were found to be significantly lower in the COS, ETEC, and COS*ETEC groups as compared to the CON group. These results demonstrate that COS could be beneficial for improving the growth performance and attenuating ETEC-challenged intestinal inflammation via regulating microbiota and Th17/Treg balance-related immune signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manrong Yu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Tiantian Meng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Wenxiang He
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Hui Huang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Chunming Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Xiaoqin Fu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Jianhua He
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Yulong Yin
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
- Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central China, Ministry of Agriculture, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Healthy Livestock Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Dingfu Xiao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
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29
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Gao N, Dou X, Yin T, Yang Y, Yan D, Ma Z, Bi C, Shan A. Tryptophan Promotes Intestinal Immune Defense through Calcium-Sensing Receptor (CaSR)-Dependent Metabolic Pathways. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2021; 69:13460-13473. [PMID: 34748328 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c05820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The gastrointestinal tract forms a robust line of defense against invading pathogens through the production of endogenous antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), which are crucial molecules of the innate defense system. Tryptophan could modulate intestinal immunity through promoting the expression of AMPs. However, the precise mechanism needs to be further clarified. In this study, we show that treatment with tryptophan for 24 h triggers (p < 0.05) the expression of porcine β-defensin (pBD) 1 (62.67 ± 3.10 pg/mL) and pBD2 (74.41 ± 1.33 pg/mL) in the porcine intestinal epithelial cells (IPEC-J2) though calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR)-tryptophan metabolic pathways. Meanwhile, tryptophan alleviates (p < 0.05) intestinal inflammation induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) through induction of the defensins and activation of the CaSR-AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) pathways in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, the activation of CaSR induces the expression of defensins and decreases the levels of IL-1β (75.26 ± 2.74 pg/mL) and TNF-α (449.8 ± 23.31 pg/mL) induced by LPS (p < 0.05). Importantly, tryptophan maintains kynurenine homeostasis through the activation of CaSR during the inflammatory response. To that end, the work identifies a regulatory circuit between CaSR signaling and tryptophan metabolic pathways involved in the tryptophan-trigged AMP expression, which contributes to improving intestinal immune defense.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Gao
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Xiujing Dou
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Ting Yin
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Di Yan
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Ziwen Ma
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Chongpeng Bi
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Anshan Shan
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
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30
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Liu G, Zheng J, Gu K, Wu C, Jia G, Zhao H, Chen X, Wang J. Calcium-sensing receptor protects intestinal integrity and alleviates the inflammatory response via the Rac1/PLCγ1 signaling pathway. Anim Biotechnol 2021:1-14. [PMID: 34762003 DOI: 10.1080/10495398.2021.1998090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to test the hypothesis that the calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR) can protect intestinal epithelial barrier integrity and decrease inflammatory response mediated by the Ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 1 (Rac1)/phospholipase Cγ1 (PLC-γ1) signaling pathway. IPEC-J2 monolayers were treated without or with TNF-α in the absence or presence of CaSR antagonist (NPS 2143), CaSR overexpression, and Rac1 silencing, PLCγ1 silencing or spermine. Results showed that spermine increased transepithelial electrical resistance (TER), tight junction protein levels, the protein concentration of Rac1/PLC-γ1 signaling pathway, and decreased paracellular permeability in the presence of TNF-α. NPS2143 inhibited spermine-induced change in above-mentioned parameters. CaSR overexpression increased TER, the levels of tight junction proteins and the protein concentration of CaSR, phosphorylated PLCγ1, Rac1, and IP3, and decreased paracellular permeability and contents of interleukin-8 (IL-8) and TNF-α after TNF-α challenge. Rac1 and PLCγ1 silencing inhibited CaSR-induced increase in barrier function and the protein concentration of phosphorylated PLCγ1, Rac1, and IP3, and decrease in contents of IL-8 and TNF-α after TNF-α challenge. These results suggest that CaSR activation protects intestinal integrity and alleviates the inflammatory response by activating Rac1 and PLCγ1 signaling after TNF-α challenge, and spermine can maintain barrier function via CaSR/Rac1/PLC-γ1 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangmang Liu
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.,Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.,Key laboratory of Animal Disease-resistant Nutrition and Feed, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Jie Zheng
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.,Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.,Key laboratory of Animal Disease-resistant Nutrition and Feed, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Ke Gu
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.,Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.,Key laboratory of Animal Disease-resistant Nutrition and Feed, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Caimei Wu
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.,Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.,Key laboratory of Animal Disease-resistant Nutrition and Feed, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Gang Jia
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.,Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.,Key laboratory of Animal Disease-resistant Nutrition and Feed, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Hua Zhao
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.,Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.,Key laboratory of Animal Disease-resistant Nutrition and Feed, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiaoling Chen
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.,Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.,Key laboratory of Animal Disease-resistant Nutrition and Feed, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Maize Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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31
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Upadhaya SD, Kim IH. The Impact of Weaning Stress on Gut Health and the Mechanistic Aspects of Several Feed Additives Contributing to Improved Gut Health Function in Weanling Piglets-A Review. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11082418. [PMID: 34438875 PMCID: PMC8388735 DOI: 10.3390/ani11082418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Revised: 08/07/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The current review aimed to provide an overview on the problems associated with weaning with a special focus on gut health, and also highlighted the nutritional approach using different kinds of feed additives and their mechanistic aspects in mitigating production inefficiencies and gut health dysfunction in weanling pigs. Abstract Newly weaned pig encounters psychosocial, physical, and nutritional stressors simultaneously when their immune system is not fully developed. These stressors have a cumulative effect on the immune response that contributes to the post-weaning growth lag which is characterized by depression in feed intake, reduced or negative growth rates, and increased susceptibility to pathogens in the first 24 to 48 h post-weaning. Consequently, the intestinal integrity, and digestive and absorptive capacity are impaired, and there is an increase in intestinal oxidative stress. It also causes the shifts in the taxonomic and functional properties of intestinal microbiome abruptly, thereby adversely affecting the health and performance of animals. It has been suggested that the effects of weaning stress on immune functions, intestinal barrier functions, and nervous system function in early weaned pigs extends into adulthood. The inclusion of different types of feed additives into the diet have been reported to alleviate the negative effects of weaning stress. The objective of this paper was to provide an overview on how the weaning stress affects gut health and the impact it has on production efficiencies, as well as the mechanistic aspects of several feed additives applied in reducing the weaning associated gut health problems and performance inefficiencies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - In-Ho Kim
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-41-550-3652; Fax: +82-41-565-2949
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32
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Zhang P, Liu S, Yang S, Wang Y, Jiang T, Yu M, Lv Z. Simultaneous determination of chito-oligosaccharides in rat plasma by the LC-MS/MS method: application to a pharmacokinetic study. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2021; 13:3242-3248. [PMID: 34184005 DOI: 10.1039/d1ay00772f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
A simple and sensitive method for the simultaneous determination of chito-oligosaccharides (COSs) with degrees of polymerization (DPs) from 2 to 7 was developed and used for COS quantification in rat plasma. Samples were separated on a Waters XBridge Amide column (3.5 μm, 2.1 × 150 mm) by isometric elution with 10 mM aqueous ammonium acetate (pH = 9) in acetonitrile and 10 mM aqueous ammonium acetate (pH = 9) (v/v, 50 : 50) employing multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) detection. Analytes and internal standards (IS) were extracted from rat plasma by protein precipitation with acetonitrile. The assay was linear over a concentration range of 20-10 000 ng mL-1 for COS2-7. The intra-day and inter-day precision of the investigated components exhibited an RSD within 15%, and the accuracy (RE%) ranged from -7.3% to 7.6%. The extraction recoveries of the six constituents were determined to be between 82.5% and 94.3%. No significant matrix effects for COS2-7 were observed in rat plasma. COS in plasma remained stable for 24 h at room temperature (short-term), after freeze-thaw cycles, and 30 days in a -40 °C freezer. In comparison to reported COS quantitation methods, this method is simple, sensitive and cost-effective and could be used for the simultaneous quantitation of COS2-7. This method meets the Food and Drug Administration guidelines and had been successfully applied to the analysis of pharmacokinetic samples collected from rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengpeng Zhang
- School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, People's Republic of China.
| | - Shuai Liu
- School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, People's Republic of China.
| | - Shuang Yang
- School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, People's Republic of China. and Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts of Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266003, People's Republic of China and Key Laboratory of Glycoscience & Glycotechnology of Shandong Province, Qingdao 266003, People's Republic of China and Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education of China, Qingdao 266003, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanhong Wang
- School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, People's Republic of China. and Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts of Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266003, People's Republic of China and Key Laboratory of Glycoscience & Glycotechnology of Shandong Province, Qingdao 266003, People's Republic of China and Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education of China, Qingdao 266003, People's Republic of China
| | - Tingfu Jiang
- School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, People's Republic of China. and Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts of Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266003, People's Republic of China and Key Laboratory of Glycoscience & Glycotechnology of Shandong Province, Qingdao 266003, People's Republic of China and Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education of China, Qingdao 266003, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingming Yu
- School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, People's Republic of China. and Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts of Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266003, People's Republic of China and Key Laboratory of Glycoscience & Glycotechnology of Shandong Province, Qingdao 266003, People's Republic of China and Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education of China, Qingdao 266003, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhihua Lv
- School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, People's Republic of China. and Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts of Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266003, People's Republic of China and Key Laboratory of Glycoscience & Glycotechnology of Shandong Province, Qingdao 266003, People's Republic of China and Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education of China, Qingdao 266003, People's Republic of China
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Cui T, Jia A, Yao M, Zhang M, Sun C, Shi Y, Liu X, Sun J, Liu C. Characterization and Caco-2 Cell Transport Assay of Chito-Oligosaccharides Nano-Liposomes Based on Layer-by-Layer Coated. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26144144. [PMID: 34299419 PMCID: PMC8306128 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26144144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Revised: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Chito-oligosaccharides (COSs) were encapsulated by the film-ultrasonic method into three nano-liposomes, which were uncoated liposomes (COSs-Lip), chitosan-coated liposomes (CH-COSs-Lip), and sodium alginate (SA)/chitosan (CH)-coated liposomes (SA/CH-COSs-Lip). The physicochemical and structural properties, as well as the stability and digestive characteristics, of all three nano-liposomes were assessed in the current study. Thereafter, the characteristics of intestinal absorption and transport of nano-liposomes were investigated by the Caco-2 cell monolayer. All nano-liposomes showed a smaller-sized distribution with a higher encapsulation efficiency. The ζ-potential, Z-average diameter (Dz), and polydispersity index (PDI) demonstrated that the stability of the SA/CH-COSs-Lip had much better stability than COSs-Lip and CH-COSs-Lip. In addition, the transport of the nano-liposomes via the Caco-2 cell monolayer indicated a higher transmembrane transport capacity. In summary, the chitosan and sodium alginate could serve as potential delivery systems for COSs to fortify functional foods and medicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Cui
- Biology Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250103, China; (T.C.); (M.Y.); (M.Z.); (Y.S.); (X.L.); (J.S.); (C.L.)
- China-Australia Joint Laboratory for Native Bioresource Industry Innovation, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250103, China
| | - Airong Jia
- Biology Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250103, China; (T.C.); (M.Y.); (M.Z.); (Y.S.); (X.L.); (J.S.); (C.L.)
- China-Australia Joint Laboratory for Native Bioresource Industry Innovation, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250103, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-531-82605355
| | - Mengke Yao
- Biology Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250103, China; (T.C.); (M.Y.); (M.Z.); (Y.S.); (X.L.); (J.S.); (C.L.)
- China-Australia Joint Laboratory for Native Bioresource Industry Innovation, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250103, China
| | - Miansong Zhang
- Biology Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250103, China; (T.C.); (M.Y.); (M.Z.); (Y.S.); (X.L.); (J.S.); (C.L.)
- China-Australia Joint Laboratory for Native Bioresource Industry Innovation, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250103, China
| | - Chanchan Sun
- College of Life Sciences, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China;
- Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety (Tianjin University of Science &Technology), Ministry of Education, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Yaping Shi
- Biology Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250103, China; (T.C.); (M.Y.); (M.Z.); (Y.S.); (X.L.); (J.S.); (C.L.)
- China-Australia Joint Laboratory for Native Bioresource Industry Innovation, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250103, China
| | - Xue Liu
- Biology Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250103, China; (T.C.); (M.Y.); (M.Z.); (Y.S.); (X.L.); (J.S.); (C.L.)
- China-Australia Joint Laboratory for Native Bioresource Industry Innovation, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250103, China
| | - Jimin Sun
- Biology Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250103, China; (T.C.); (M.Y.); (M.Z.); (Y.S.); (X.L.); (J.S.); (C.L.)
- China-Australia Joint Laboratory for Native Bioresource Industry Innovation, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250103, China
| | - Changheng Liu
- Biology Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250103, China; (T.C.); (M.Y.); (M.Z.); (Y.S.); (X.L.); (J.S.); (C.L.)
- China-Australia Joint Laboratory for Native Bioresource Industry Innovation, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250103, China
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Dietary supplementation of chitosan affects milk performance, markers of inflammatory response and antioxidant status in dairy cows. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2021.114952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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Rose EC, Odle J, Blikslager AT, Ziegler AL. Probiotics, Prebiotics and Epithelial Tight Junctions: A Promising Approach to Modulate Intestinal Barrier Function. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:6729. [PMID: 34201613 PMCID: PMC8268081 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22136729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Revised: 06/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Disruptions in the intestinal epithelial barrier can result in devastating consequences and a multitude of disease syndromes, particularly among preterm neonates. The association between barrier dysfunction and intestinal dysbiosis suggests that the intestinal barrier function is interactive with specific gut commensals and pathogenic microbes. In vitro and in vivo studies demonstrate that probiotic supplementation promotes significant upregulation and relocalization of interepithelial tight junction proteins, which form the microscopic scaffolds of the intestinal barrier. Probiotics facilitate some of these effects through the ligand-mediated stimulation of several toll-like receptors that are expressed by the intestinal epithelium. In particular, bacterial-mediated stimulation of toll-like receptor-2 modulates the expression and localization of specific protein constituents of intestinal tight junctions. Given that ingested prebiotics are robust modulators of the intestinal microbiota, prebiotic supplementation has been similarly investigated as a potential, indirect mechanism of barrier preservation. Emerging evidence suggests that prebiotics may additionally exert a direct effect on intestinal barrier function through mechanisms independent of the gut microbiota. In this review, we summarize current views on the effects of pro- and prebiotics on the intestinal epithelial barrier as well as on non-epithelial cell barrier constituents, such as the enteric glial cell network. Through continued investigation of these bioactive compounds, we can maximize their therapeutic potential for preventing and treating gastrointestinal diseases associated with impaired intestinal barrier function and dysbiosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth C. Rose
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27606, USA; (E.C.R.); (A.T.B.)
| | - Jack Odle
- Laboratory of Developmental Nutrition, Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27607, USA;
| | - Anthony T. Blikslager
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27606, USA; (E.C.R.); (A.T.B.)
| | - Amanda L. Ziegler
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27606, USA; (E.C.R.); (A.T.B.)
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Zhai X, Li C, Ren D, Wang J, Ma C, Abd El-Aty AM. The impact of chitooligosaccharides and their derivatives on the in vitro and in vivo antitumor activity: A comprehensive review. Carbohydr Polym 2021; 266:118132. [PMID: 34044948 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2021.118132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Revised: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Chitooligosaccharides (COS) are the degraded products of chitin or chitosan. COS is water-soluble, non-cytotoxic to organisms, readily absorbed through the intestine, and eliminated primarily through the kidneys. COS possess a wide range of biological activities, including immunomodulation, cholesterol-lowering, and antitumor activity. Although work on COS goes back at least forty years, several aspects remain unclear. This review narrates the recent developments in COS antitumor activities, while paying considerable attention to the impacts of physicochemical properties (such as molecular weight and degrees of deacetylation) and chemical modifications both in vitro and in vivo. COS derivatives not only improve some physicochemical properties, but also expand the range of applications in drug and gene delivery. COS (itself or as a drug carrier) can inhibit tumor cell proliferation and metastasis, which might be attributed to its ability to stimulate the immune response along with its anti-angiogenic activity. Further, an attempt has been made to report limitations and future research. The potential health benefits of COS and its derivatives against cancer may offer a new insight on their applications in food and medical fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingchen Zhai
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Forest Food Processing and Safety, College of Biological Science and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, 100083 Beijing, PR China.
| | - Chaonan Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Forest Food Processing and Safety, College of Biological Science and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, 100083 Beijing, PR China
| | - Difeng Ren
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Forest Food Processing and Safety, College of Biological Science and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, 100083 Beijing, PR China
| | - Jing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Product Quality and Safety, Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology for Agro-Product, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 100081 Beijing, PR China.
| | - Chao Ma
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Forest Food Processing and Safety, College of Biological Science and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, 100083 Beijing, PR China
| | - A M Abd El-Aty
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, 12211 Giza, Egypt; Department of Medical Pharmacology, Medical Faculty, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey.
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37
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Sutthasupha P, Lungkaphin A. The potential roles of chitosan oligosaccharide in prevention of kidney injury in obese and diabetic conditions. Food Funct 2021; 11:7371-7388. [PMID: 32839793 DOI: 10.1039/d0fo00302f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is closely associated with insulin resistance (IR). The most likely links between the two are obesity-mediated systemic low-grade chronic inflammation, endoplasmic reticulum stress and mitochondrial dysfunction, which are all known to contribute to the development of type 2 diabetes (T2DM) and eventually diabetic nephropathy (DN). Chitosan oligosaccharide (COS) is an oligomer of chitosan prepared by the deacetylation of chitin commonly found in exoskeletons of crustaceans such as shrimp and crab as well as the cell walls of fungi. COS has various biological effects including lipid lowering, anti-inflammation, anti-diabetes, and anti-oxidant effects. Therefore, COS is a potential new therapeutic agent for treatment of the obesity-induced DN condition. It is an abundant natural polymer and therefore freely available. This review includes information regarding the relationship between obesity, IR, T2DM, and DN as well as the potential usefulness of COS in controlling lipid and cholesterol metabolism, T2DM and kidney injury models in both in vivo and in vitro studies. However, evidence is limited regarding the effect of COS on the DN model. Further studies, especially in obesity-induced DN, are needed to support the mechanisms proposed in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prempree Sutthasupha
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand.
| | - Anusorn Lungkaphin
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand. and Functional Food Research Center for Well-being, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
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38
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Wang Y, Wen R, Liu D, Zhang C, Wang ZA, Du Y. Exploring Effects of Chitosan Oligosaccharides on the DSS-Induced Intestinal Barrier Impairment In Vitro and In Vivo. Molecules 2021; 26:2199. [PMID: 33920375 PMCID: PMC8070450 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26082199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Revised: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Intestinal barrier dysfunction is an essential pathological change in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). The mucus layer and the intestinal epithelial tight junction act together to maintain barrier integrity. Studies showed that chitosan oligosaccharide (COS) had a positive effect on gut health, effectively protecting the intestinal barrier in IBD. However, these studies usually focused on its impact on the intestinal epithelial tight junction. The influence of COS on the intestinal mucus layer is still poorly understood. In this study, we explored the effect of COS on intestinal mucus in vitro using human colonic mucus-secreted HT-29 cells. COS relieved DSS (dextran sulfate sodium)-induced mucus defects. Additionally, the structural characteristics of COS greatly influenced this activity. Finally, we evaluated the protective effect of COS on intestinal barrier function in mice with DSS-induced colitis. The results indicated that COS could manipulate intestinal mucus production, which likely contributed to its intestinal protective effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujie Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China; (Y.W.); (R.W.); (D.L.)
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Rong Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China; (Y.W.); (R.W.); (D.L.)
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu 610101, China
| | - Dongdong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China; (Y.W.); (R.W.); (D.L.)
| | - Chen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China; (Y.W.); (R.W.); (D.L.)
| | - Zhuo A. Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China; (Y.W.); (R.W.); (D.L.)
| | - Yuguang Du
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China; (Y.W.); (R.W.); (D.L.)
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39
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Li X, Xing R, Xu C, Liu S, Qin Y, Li K, Yu H, Li P. Immunostimulatory effect of chitosan and quaternary chitosan: A review of potential vaccine adjuvants. Carbohydr Polym 2021; 264:118050. [PMID: 33910752 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2021.118050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Revised: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Vaccines have always been the most effective preventive treatment. Advancements in the field of vaccine is inseparable from adjuvants. Adjuvants are substances added to vaccines to enhance immunogenicity and induce a stronger immune response. Chitosan fascinated considerable attention as vaccine adjuvant due to its unique physicochemical and biological properties. Many studies have shown that chitosan and its derivatives can effectively activate antigen-presenting cells and induce cytokine stimulation to produce an effective immune response and promote the balance of Th1/Th2 response. Among many derivatives, the quaternized chitosan performs better. This review presents the main factors affecting the adjuvant performance of chitosan and quaternized chitosan firstly. Then, we introduced not only the immune response they may cause, but also their metabolic research in detail. Furthermore, their future prospects are forecasted. Overall, chitosan and quaternized chitosan are both promising adjuvant materials, and quaternized chitosan shows greater potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomin Li
- CAS and Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China; Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), No. 1 Wenhai Road, Qingdao, 266237, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Ronge Xing
- CAS and Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China; Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), No. 1 Wenhai Road, Qingdao, 266237, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
| | - Chaojie Xu
- CAS and Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China; Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), No. 1 Wenhai Road, Qingdao, 266237, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Song Liu
- CAS and Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China; Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), No. 1 Wenhai Road, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Yukun Qin
- CAS and Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China; Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), No. 1 Wenhai Road, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Kecheng Li
- CAS and Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China; Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), No. 1 Wenhai Road, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Huahua Yu
- CAS and Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China; Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), No. 1 Wenhai Road, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Pengcheng Li
- CAS and Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China; Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), No. 1 Wenhai Road, Qingdao, 266237, China
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Bilal M, Nunes LV, Duarte MTS, Ferreira LFR, Soriano RN, Iqbal HMN. Exploitation of Marine-Derived Robust Biological Molecules to Manage Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Mar Drugs 2021; 19:md19040196. [PMID: 33808253 PMCID: PMC8067156 DOI: 10.3390/md19040196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2021] [Revised: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Naturally occurring biological entities with extractable and tunable structural and functional characteristics, along with therapeutic attributes, are of supreme interest for strengthening the twenty-first-century biomedical settings. Irrespective of ongoing technological and clinical advancement, traditional medicinal practices to address and manage inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) are inefficient and the effect of the administered therapeutic cues is limited. The reasonable immune response or invasion should also be circumvented for successful clinical translation of engineered cues as highly efficient and robust bioactive entities. In this context, research is underway worldwide, and researchers have redirected or regained their interests in valorizing the naturally occurring biological entities/resources, for example, algal biome so-called "treasure of untouched or underexploited sources". Algal biome from the marine environment is an immense source of excellence that has also been demonstrated as a source of bioactive compounds with unique chemical, structural, and functional features. Moreover, the molecular modeling and synthesis of new drugs based on marine-derived therapeutic and biological cues can show greater efficacy and specificity for the therapeutics. Herein, an effort has been made to cover the existing literature gap on the exploitation of naturally occurring biological entities/resources to address and efficiently manage IBD. Following a brief background study, a focus was given to design characteristics, performance evaluation of engineered cues, and point-of-care IBD therapeutics of diverse bioactive compounds from the algal biome. Noteworthy potentialities of marine-derived biologically active compounds have also been spotlighted to underlying the impact role of bio-active elements with the related pathways. The current review is also focused on the applied standpoint and clinical translation of marine-derived bioactive compounds. Furthermore, a detailed overview of clinical applications and future perspectives are also given in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Bilal
- School of Life Science and Food Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huaian 223003, China
- Correspondence: or (M.B.); (H.M.N.I.)
| | - Leonardo Vieira Nunes
- Department of Medicine, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora-MG 36036-900, Brazil;
| | | | - Luiz Fernando Romanholo Ferreira
- Graduate Program in Process Engineering, Tiradentes University (UNIT), Av. Murilo Dantas, 300, Farolândia, Aracaju-Sergipe 49032-490, Brazil;
- Institute of Technology and Research (ITP), Tiradentes University (UNIT), Av. Murilo Dantas, 300, Farolândia, Aracaju-Sergipe 49032-490, Brazil
| | - Renato Nery Soriano
- Division of Physiology and Biophysics, Department of Basic Life Sciences, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Governador Valadares-MG 35010-180, Brazil;
| | - Hafiz M. N. Iqbal
- School of Engineering and Sciences, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Monterrey 64849, Mexico
- Correspondence: or (M.B.); (H.M.N.I.)
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41
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Asadpoor M, Ithakisiou GN, Henricks PAJ, Pieters R, Folkerts G, Braber S. Non-Digestible Oligosaccharides and Short Chain Fatty Acids as Therapeutic Targets against Enterotoxin-Producing Bacteria and Their Toxins. Toxins (Basel) 2021; 13:175. [PMID: 33668708 PMCID: PMC7996226 DOI: 10.3390/toxins13030175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Enterotoxin-producing bacteria (EPB) have developed multiple mechanisms to disrupt gut homeostasis, and provoke various pathologies. A major part of bacterial cytotoxicity is attributed to the secretion of virulence factors, including enterotoxins. Depending on their structure and mode of action, enterotoxins intrude the intestinal epithelium causing long-term consequences such as hemorrhagic colitis. Multiple non-digestible oligosaccharides (NDOs), and short chain fatty acids (SCFA), as their metabolites produced by the gut microbiota, interact with enteropathogens and their toxins, which may result in the inhibition of the bacterial pathogenicity. NDOs characterized by diverse structural characteristics, block the pathogenicity of EPB either directly, by inhibiting bacterial adherence and growth, or biofilm formation or indirectly, by promoting gut microbiota. Apart from these abilities, NDOs and SCFA can interact with enterotoxins and reduce their cytotoxicity. These anti-virulent effects mostly rely on their ability to mimic the structure of toxin receptors and thus inhibiting toxin adherence to host cells. This review focuses on the strategies of EPB and related enterotoxins to impair host cell immunity, discusses the anti-pathogenic properties of NDOs and SCFA on EPB functions and provides insight into the potential use of NDOs and SCFA as effective agents to fight against enterotoxins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mostafa Asadpoor
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands; (M.A.); (G.-N.I.); (P.A.J.H.); (G.F.)
| | - Georgia-Nefeli Ithakisiou
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands; (M.A.); (G.-N.I.); (P.A.J.H.); (G.F.)
| | - Paul A. J. Henricks
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands; (M.A.); (G.-N.I.); (P.A.J.H.); (G.F.)
| | - Roland Pieters
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands;
| | - Gert Folkerts
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands; (M.A.); (G.-N.I.); (P.A.J.H.); (G.F.)
| | - Saskia Braber
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands; (M.A.); (G.-N.I.); (P.A.J.H.); (G.F.)
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42
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Jitprasertwong P, Khamphio M, Petsrichuang P, Eijsink VGH, Poolsri W, Muanprasat C, Rangnoi K, Yamabhai M. Anti-inflammatory activity of soluble chito-oligosaccharides (CHOS) on VitD3-induced human THP-1 monocytes. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0246381. [PMID: 33534833 PMCID: PMC7857634 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0246381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Chito-oligosaccharides (CHOS) are oligomers of D-glucosamine and N-acetyl-glucosamine. Anti-inflammatory activities of a wide variety of CHOS mixtures have previously been reported, mainly based on studies with mouse models and murine macrophages. Since the mouse and human immune systems are quite different, gaining insight into the activity of CHOS on human cell lines, using well-characterized CHOS mixtures, is of considerable interest. Bacillus subtilis chitosanase (BsCsn46A) can efficiently convert chitosan to mixtures of water soluble low molecular weight CHOS. Here, the anti-inflammatory activity of a properly characterized CHOS mixture was studied, using human THP-1 cells that were differentiated to mature monocytes using vitamin D3. Addition of CHOS reduced the production of multiple pro-inflammatory cytokines associated with bacterial lipopolyssacharide (LPS)-stimulated inflammation, in a dose-dependent manner and without affecting cell viability. Interestingly, only minimal effects of CHOS were observed in similar experiments with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate- (PMA-) differentiated, macrophage-like, THP-1 cells. Altogether, in addition to showing promising biological effects of well-characterized low molecular weight soluble CHOS in a human system, the present study also points at Vitamin D3-stimulated THP-1 cells as a favorable system for assessing the anti-inflammatory activity of bioactive compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paiboon Jitprasertwong
- School of Geriatric Oral Health, Institute of Dentistry, Suranaree University of Technology (SUT), Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand
| | - Munthipha Khamphio
- Molecular Biotechnology Laboratory, School of Biotechnology, Institute of Agricultural Technology, Suranaree University of Technology (SUT), Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand
| | - Phornsiri Petsrichuang
- Molecular Biotechnology Laboratory, School of Biotechnology, Institute of Agricultural Technology, Suranaree University of Technology (SUT), Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand
| | - Vincent G. H. Eijsink
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Ås, Norway
| | - Wanangkan Poolsri
- Faculty of Medicine, Chakri Naruebodindra Medical Institute, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Samutprakarn, Thailand
| | - Chatchai Muanprasat
- Faculty of Medicine, Chakri Naruebodindra Medical Institute, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Samutprakarn, Thailand
| | - Kuntalee Rangnoi
- Molecular Biotechnology Laboratory, School of Biotechnology, Institute of Agricultural Technology, Suranaree University of Technology (SUT), Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand
| | - Montarop Yamabhai
- Molecular Biotechnology Laboratory, School of Biotechnology, Institute of Agricultural Technology, Suranaree University of Technology (SUT), Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand
- * E-mail:
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Liang H, Cheng R, Wang J, Xie H, Li R, Shimizu K, Zhang C. Mogrol, an aglycone of mogrosides, attenuates ulcerative colitis by promoting AMPK activation. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 81:153427. [PMID: 33296813 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2020.153427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Revised: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a non-specific chronic inflammatory disease. The incidence of UC in China has been increasing in recent years. Mogrol is an aglycone of mogrosides. Studies have shown that mogrosides have anti-oxygenation, anti-inflammatory, and laxative effects as well as other biological activities. PURPOSE To investigate the beneficial effects of mogrol on UC and identify its underlying mechanisms. STUDY DESIGN We used the dextran sodium sulphate (DSS)-induced UC model in mice, TNF-α-damaged NCM460 colonic epithelial cells, macrophage cells THP-M stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) / adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and compound C (an AMPK inhibitor) to confirm the key role of AMPK (AMP-activated protein kinase) activation. METHODS Histological evaluation, immunohistochemical staining, Western blot analysis, immunofluorescence assay and quantitative real time-PCR were used in the study. RESULTS Oral administration of mogrol (5 mg/kg/daily) in vivo significantly attenuated pathological colonic damage, inhibited inflammatory infiltration and improved the abnormal expression of NLRP3 inflammasome in colonic mucosa via the AMPK and NF-κB signaling pathways. In vitro, mogrol protected against intestinal epithelial barrier dysfunction by activating AMPK in TNF-α-treated NCM460 cells and inhibited the production of inflammatory mediator in LPS-stimulated THP-M cells. Furthermore, mogrol's effects were reversed by compound C intervention in DSS-induced UC model. CONCLUSION Mogrol exerts protective effects in experimental UC and inhibits production of inflammatory mediators through activation of AMPK-mediated signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China; Sino-Jan Joint Lab of Natural Health Products Research, School of Traditional Chinese Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Rui Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jiaoyang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Haifeng Xie
- Research and Development Department, Chengdu Biopurify Phytochemicals Ltd., Chengdu, China
| | - Renshi Li
- Sino-Jan Joint Lab of Natural Health Products Research, School of Traditional Chinese Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Kuniyoshi Shimizu
- Sino-Jan Joint Lab of Natural Health Products Research, School of Traditional Chinese Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China; Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Chaofeng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China; Sino-Jan Joint Lab of Natural Health Products Research, School of Traditional Chinese Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China.
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Carvalho PLA, Andrade MER, Trindade LM, Leocádio PCL, Alvarez-Leite JI, Dos Reis DC, Cassali GD, Souza E Melo ÉLDS, Dos Santos Martins F, Fernandes SOA, Gouveia Peluzio MDC, Generoso SDV, Cardoso VN. Prophylactic and therapeutic supplementation using fructo-oligosaccharide improves the intestinal homeostasis after mucositis induced by 5- fluorouracil. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 133:111012. [PMID: 33254017 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.111012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Revised: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The beneficial effects of prebiotic, such as fructo-oligosaccharides (FOS), in intestinal inflammation have been demonstrated in several studies. Herein, we evaluate whether joint treatment with FOS, both before and during mucositis, had additional beneficial effects and investigated the mechanisms underlying in the action of FOS on the intestinal barrier. BALB/c mice were randomly divided into five groups: CTR (without mucositis + saline solution), FOS (without mucositis + 6 % FOS), MUC (mucositis + saline solution), PT (mucositis + 6 % FOS supplementation before disease induction), and TT (mucositis + 6 % FOS supplementation before and during disease induction). Mucositis was induced by intraperitoneal injection (300 mg/kg) of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU). After 72 h, the animals were euthanized and intestinal permeability (IP), tight junction, bacterial translocation (BT), histology and morphometry, and immunoglobulin A secretory (sIgA), inflammatory infiltrate, and production of short-chain fatty acids (acetate, butyrate and propionate) were evaluated. The MUC group showed an increase in the IP, BT, and inflammatory infiltrate but a decrease in the tight junction expression and butyrate and propionate levels (P < 0.05). In the PT and TT groups, FOS supplementation maintained the IP, tight junction expression, and propionate concentration within physiologic levels, increased butyrate levels, and reduced BT and inflammatory infiltrate (P < 0.05). Total treatment with FOS (TT group) was more effective in maintaining histological score, morphometric parameters, and sIgA production. Thus, total treatment (prophylactic and therapeutic supplementation) with FOS was more effective than pretreatment alone, in reducing 5-FU-induced damage to the intestinal barrier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Lopes Armond Carvalho
- Departamento de Alimentos, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Maria Emília Rabelo Andrade
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Luísa Martins Trindade
- Departamento de Alimentos, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Paola Caroline Lacerda Leocádio
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Jacqueline Isaura Alvarez-Leite
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Diego Carlos Dos Reis
- Departamento de Morfologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Geovanni Dantas Cassali
- Departamento de Morfologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | | | - Flaviano Dos Santos Martins
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Simone Odília Antunes Fernandes
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | | | | | - Valbert Nascimento Cardoso
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
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Benchamas G, Huang G, Huang S, Huang H. Preparation and biological activities of chitosan oligosaccharides. Trends Food Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2020.11.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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Satitsri S, Muanprasat C. Chitin and Chitosan Derivatives as Biomaterial Resources for Biological and Biomedical Applications. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25245961. [PMID: 33339290 PMCID: PMC7766609 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25245961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2020] [Revised: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Chitin is a long-chain polymer of N-acetyl-glucosamine, which is regularly found in the exoskeleton of arthropods including insects, shellfish and the cell wall of fungi. It has been known that chitin can be used for biological and biomedical applications, especially as a biomaterial for tissue repairing, encapsulating drug for drug delivery. However, chitin has been postulated as an inducer of proinflammatory cytokines and certain diseases including asthma. Likewise, chitosan, a long-chain polymer of N-acetyl-glucosamine and d-glucosamine derived from chitin deacetylation, and chitosan oligosaccharide, a short chain polymer, have been known for their potential therapeutic effects, including anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antidiarrheal, and anti-Alzheimer effects. This review summarizes potential utilization and limitation of chitin, chitosan and chitosan oligosaccharide in a variety of diseases. Furthermore, future direction of research and development of chitin, chitosan, and chitosan oligosaccharide for biomedical applications is discussed.
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Novel Potential Application of Chitosan Oligosaccharide for Attenuation of Renal Cyst Growth in the Treatment of Polycystic Kidney Disease. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25235589. [PMID: 33261193 PMCID: PMC7730275 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25235589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Revised: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Chitosan oligosaccharide (COS), a natural polymer derived from chitosan, exerts several biological activities including anti-inflammation, anti-tumor, anti-metabolic syndrome, and drug delivery enhancer. Since COS is vastly distributed to kidney and eliminated in urine, it may have a potential advantage as the therapeutics of kidney diseases. Polycystic kidney disease (PKD) is a common genetic disorder characterized by multiple fluid-filled cysts, replacing normal renal parenchyma and leading to impaired renal function and end-stage renal disease (ESRD). The effective treatment for PKD still needs to be further elucidated. Interestingly, AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) has been proposed as a drug target for PKD. This study aimed to investigate the effect of COS on renal cyst enlargement and its underlying mechanisms. We found that COS at the concentrations of 50 and 100 µg/mL decreased renal cyst growth without cytotoxicity, as measured by MTT assay. Immunoblotting analysis showed that COS at 100 µg/mL activated AMPK, and this effect was abolished by STO-609, a calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase kinase beta (CaMKKβ) inhibitor. Moreover, COS elevated the level of intracellular calcium. These results suggest that COS inhibits cyst progression by activation of AMPK via CaMKKβ. Therefore, COS may hold the potential for pharmaceutical application in PKD.
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Mei Q, Deng G, Huang Z, Yin Y, Li C, Hu J, Fu Y, Wang X, Zeng Y. Porous COS@SiO 2 Nanocomposites Ameliorate Severe Acute Pancreatitis and Associated Lung Injury by Regulating the Nrf2 Signaling Pathway in Mice. Front Chem 2020; 8:720. [PMID: 33134248 PMCID: PMC7579426 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2020.00720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) is associated with high rates of mortality and morbidity. Chitosan oligosaccharides (COSs) are agents with antioxidant properties. We developed porous COS@SiO2 nanocomposites to study the protective effects and mechanisms of COS nanomedicine for the treatment of acute pancreatitis. Porous COS@SiO2 nanocomposites released COSs slowly under pH control, enabling sustained release and maintaining the drug at a higher concentration. This study aimed to determine whether porous COS@SiO2 nanocomposites ameliorate SAP and associated lung injury. The SAP model was established in male C57BL/6 mice by intraperitoneal injection of caerulein. The expression levels of myeloperoxidase, malondialdehyde, superoxide dismutase, nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB), the NOD-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome, nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), and inflammatory cytokines were detected, and a histological analysis of mouse pancreatic and lung tissues was performed. In the SAP groups, systemic inflammation and oxidative stress occurred, and pathological damage to the pancreas and lung was obvious. Combined with porous COS@SiO2 nanocomposites before treatment, the systemic inflammatory response was obviously reduced, as were oxidative stress indicators in targeted tissues. It was found that Nrf2 was significantly activated in the COS@SiO2 treatment group, and the expressions of NF-κB and the NLRP3 inflammasome were notably decreased. In addition, this protective effect was significantly weakened when Nrf2 signaling was inhibited by ML385. This demonstrated that porous COS@SiO2 nanocomposites activate the Nrf2 signaling pathway to inhibit oxidative stress and reduce the expression of NF-κB and the NLRP3 inflammasome and the release of inflammatory factors, thus blocking the systemic inflammatory response and ultimately ameliorating SAP and associated lung injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qixiang Mei
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Guoying Deng
- Trauma Center, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zehua Huang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yue Yin
- Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chunlin Li
- Trauma Center, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Junhui Hu
- Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yang Fu
- Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xingpeng Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yue Zeng
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Yi Z, Luo X, Zhao L. Research Advances in Chitosan Oligosaccharides: From Multiple Biological Activities to Clinical Applications. Curr Med Chem 2020; 27:5037-5055. [PMID: 31309881 DOI: 10.2174/0929867326666190712180147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2018] [Revised: 04/12/2019] [Accepted: 06/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Chitosan oligosaccharides (COS), hydrolysed products of chitosan, are low-molecular weight polymers with a positive charge and good biocompatibility. COS have recently been reported to possess various biological activities, including hypoglycaemic, hypolipidaemic, antioxidantantioxidant, immune regulation, anti-inflammatory, antitumour, antibacterial, and tissue engineering activities, exhibiting extensive application prospects. Currently, the biological processes and mechanisms of COS are attractive topics of study, ranging from the genetic, molecular and protein levels. This article reviews the recent discoveries about COS, especially in metabolic regulation, immune function and tissue repair, providing important insights into their multiple biological activities, medical benefits, and therapeutic mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Yi
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Xiao Luo
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Lei Zhao
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
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50
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Wongkrasant P, Pongkorpsakol P, Ariyadamrongkwan J, Meesomboon R, Satitsri S, Pichyangkura R, Barrett KE, Muanprasat C. A prebiotic fructo-oligosaccharide promotes tight junction assembly in intestinal epithelial cells via an AMPK-dependent pathway. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 129:110415. [PMID: 32603892 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Revised: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Tight junctions play an important role in maintaining barrier integrity of intestinal epithelia. Activation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) promotes tight junction assembly in intestinal epithelial cells (IEC). Fructo-oligosaccharides (FOS), well-known prebiotics, have previously been shown to alleviate inflammation-associated intestinal epithelial disruption although the mechanisms were unclear. This study aimed to investigate any effect of FOS on AMPK activity and tight junction assembly under non-inflammatory and inflammatory conditions using T84 cells as an IEC model. As analyzed by western blot, FOS induced AMPK activation through a calcium sensing receptor (CaSR)-phospholipase C (PLC)- Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase kinase-β (CaMKKβ) pathway. Calcium switch assays and immunofluorescence staining of zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1) revealed that FOS induced tight junction assembly via an CaMKKβ-AMPK-dependent mechanism in IEC. Interestingly, FOS reversed the suppressive effect of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) on AMPK activity and tight junction assembly via a CaMKKβ pathway. Taken together, these findings uncover a prebiotic-independent effect of FOS in promoting intestinal epithelial tight junction assembly through AMPK activation, which may have implications for the treatment of diseases whose pathogenesis involves impaired intestinal barrier function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Preedajit Wongkrasant
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Rama VI Road, Rajathevi, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand; Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA; Chakri Naruebodindra Medical Institute, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangpla, Bangpli, Samutprakarn, 10540, Thailand
| | - Pawin Pongkorpsakol
- Translational Medicine Graduate Program, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Rama VI Road, Rajathevi, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand
| | - Jutharat Ariyadamrongkwan
- Chakri Naruebodindra Medical Institute, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangpla, Bangpli, Samutprakarn, 10540, Thailand
| | - Roojanaat Meesomboon
- Chakri Naruebodindra Medical Institute, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangpla, Bangpli, Samutprakarn, 10540, Thailand
| | - Saravut Satitsri
- Chakri Naruebodindra Medical Institute, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangpla, Bangpli, Samutprakarn, 10540, Thailand
| | - Rath Pichyangkura
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Payathai Road, Patumwan, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Kim E Barrett
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Chatchai Muanprasat
- Chakri Naruebodindra Medical Institute, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangpla, Bangpli, Samutprakarn, 10540, Thailand.
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