1
|
Wu M, Liang X, Dong S, Zhang J, Wang Z. Infants' cortisol reactivity and infant-mother cortisol synchrony in urban Chinese families: The role of maternal control strategy. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2024; 168:107108. [PMID: 38970857 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2024.107108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2023] [Revised: 06/17/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/08/2024]
Abstract
Maternal control strategy refers to a mother's practices used to impel, inhibit, guide, or shape their children's behaviors during mother-child interaction. The present study examined control strategies used by Chinese urban mothers and how they associated with infants' cortisol trajectory and infant-mother cortisol synchrony during a separation task. Participants were 115 infant-mother dyads. Maternal control strategy was assessed during mother-infant free-play when the infants were 6 months (T1) and 1 year (T2) old. Salivary cortisol samples were collected from both infants and mothers during a stress-inducing task at T2. The results indicated that mothers most frequently adopted the moderate power control strategy, at both T1 and T2. T1 maternal low control strategy significantly predicted infants' cortisol response curve, namely infants of mothers who predominantly adopted a low power control strategy had a more dynamic reactivity and recovery in their cortisol response to the separation task. Positive cortisol synchrony was observed between mothers and infants during the separation stress condition. In addition, T2 maternal high power control strategy accounted for inter-individual variations in infant-mother cortisol synchrony, such that mothers who predominantly adopted a high power control strategy exhibited a heightened level of cortisol synchrony with their infants. Our findings suggest that targeted training in maternal control strategies could help mothers calibrate their infants' adrenocortical regulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Meng Wu
- School of Psychology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, China
| | - Xi Liang
- Research Center of Child Development, Learning and Cognitive Key Laboratory, School of Psychology, Capital Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Shuyang Dong
- Faculty of Education, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China
| | - Jingyi Zhang
- School of Marxism, China University of Political Science and Law, Beijing, China
| | - Zhengyan Wang
- Research Center of Child Development, Learning and Cognitive Key Laboratory, School of Psychology, Capital Normal University, Beijing, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Fu S, Ke H, Yuan H, Xu H, Chen W, Zhao L. Dual role of pregnancy in breast cancer risk. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2024; 352:114501. [PMID: 38527592 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2024.114501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Revised: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024]
Abstract
Reproductive history is one of the strongest risk factors for breast cancer in women. Pregnancy can promote short-term breast cancer risk, but also reduce a woman's lifetime risk of breast cancer. Changes in hormone levels before and after pregnancy are one of the key factors in breast cancer risk. This article summarizes the changes in hormone levels before and after pregnancy, and the roles of hormones in mammary gland development and breast cancer progression. Other factors, such as changes in breast morphology and mammary gland differentiation, changes in the proportion of mammary stem cells (MaSCs), changes in the immune and inflammatory environment, and changes in lactation before and after pregnancy, also play key roles in the occurrence and development of breast cancer. This review discusses the dual effects and the potential mechanisms of pregnancy on breast cancer risk from the above aspects, which is helpful to understand the complexity of female breast cancer occurrence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shiting Fu
- Human Aging Research Institute (HARI) and School of Life Science, Nanchang University, and Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Human Aging, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Hao Ke
- Human Aging Research Institute (HARI) and School of Life Science, Nanchang University, and Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Human Aging, Nanchang 330031, China
| | | | - Huaimeng Xu
- Human Aging Research Institute (HARI) and School of Life Science, Nanchang University, and Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Human Aging, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Wenyan Chen
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Third Hospital of Nanchang, Nanchang 330009, China
| | - Limin Zhao
- Human Aging Research Institute (HARI) and School of Life Science, Nanchang University, and Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Human Aging, Nanchang 330031, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Anyim R, Li S, Armstrong D, Spathis R, James GD, Little MA, Wander K. Predictors of milk cortisol in North American women. Am J Hum Biol 2024; 36:e23985. [PMID: 37712627 DOI: 10.1002/ajhb.23985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Human milk content varies across mother-child dyads, environments, and populations. Among the hormones in milk is cortisol, a glucocorticoid; its impact on the breastfeeding child is unknown. Milk cortisol may constitute a signal to the child's developing physiology which can shape characteristics (e.g., growth, temperament) to prevailing environmental conditions. This exploratory study evaluated the maternal, breastfeeding, and infant characteristics associated with milk cortisol. METHODS We evaluated archived milk specimens for cortisol using enzyme immunoassay and employed an information-theoretic approach to assess associations between milk cortisol and participant characteristics with linear regression modeling. Because we employed secondary data, information for some variables likely to impact milk cortisol variation (e.g., time of day, socioeconomic status, maternal or infant body mass index, milk energy density) was unavailable. RESULTS Participants were 48 lactating mothers from upstate New York, aged 21-40 years. Milk cortisol ranged from 0.098 to 1.007 μg/dL. Child age ranged from 1 to 26 months. In linear regression employing best fit modeling criteria, milk cortisol increased with child age (B: 0.069; p: .000; a 7.1% increase in milk cortisol for each month of child age), while child symptoms of illness (B: -0.398; p: .057; a 33% decrease) and consumption of complementary foods (B: -.525; p: .020; a 41% decrease) were associated with lower milk cortisol. CONCLUSIONS We speculate that increasing milk cortisol with child age plays a role in signaling development (e.g., as increasing independence increases risk for injury and other negative health outcomes), independent of the maternal stressors we could capture.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rachael Anyim
- Department of Anthropology, Binghamton University (SUNY), Binghamton, New York, USA
| | - Shanita Li
- Department of Anthropology, Binghamton University (SUNY), Binghamton, New York, USA
| | - Daniel Armstrong
- Department of Anthropology, Binghamton University (SUNY), Binghamton, New York, USA
| | - Rita Spathis
- Department of Anthropology, Binghamton University (SUNY), Binghamton, New York, USA
| | - Gary D James
- Department of Anthropology, Binghamton University (SUNY), Binghamton, New York, USA
| | - Michael A Little
- Department of Anthropology, Binghamton University (SUNY), Binghamton, New York, USA
| | - Katherine Wander
- Department of Anthropology, Binghamton University (SUNY), Binghamton, New York, USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Liu F, van der Molen J, Kuipers F, van Leeuwen SS. Quantitation of bioactive components in infant formulas: Milk oligosaccharides, sialic acids and corticosteroids. Food Res Int 2023; 174:113589. [PMID: 37986455 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2023.113589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
Human milk is considered the optimal food for infants with abundant nutrients and bioactive components, which play key roles in infant health and development. Infant formulas represent appropriate substitutes for human milk. There are many brands of infant formula with different ingredient sources and functions on the market. The present study aims to quantify important bioactive components, i.e., milk oligosaccharides (MOS), sialic acids (Sia) and corticosteroids, in different infant formulas and compare these to human milk. In total, 12 different infant formulas available on the Dutch market were analyzed in this study. The concentrations of MOS and Sia were characterized by UHPLC-FLD and LC-MS, while corticosteroids were determined using established UHPLC-MS/MS methods. Among infant formulas, 15 structures of oligosaccharides were identified, of which 2'-Fucosyllactose (2'FL), 3'-Galactosyllactose (3'GL) and 6'-Galactosyllactose (6́'GL) were found in all infant formulas. The oligosaccharide concentrations differed between milk source and brands and were 3-5 times lower than in human milk. All infant formulas contained Sia, N-acetylneuraminic acid (Neu5Ac) was dominant in bovine milk-based formulas, while N-glycolylneuraminic acid (Neu5Gc) was major in goat milk-based formula. All infant formulas contained corticosteroids, yet, at lower concentrations than human milk. Insight in concentrations of bioactive components in infant formula compared to human milk may give direction to dietary advices and/or novel formula design.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fan Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Jan van der Molen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Folkert Kuipers
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ Groningen, the Netherlands; European Research Institute for the Biology of Ageing (ERIBA), University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Sander S van Leeuwen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ Groningen, the Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Schraw JM, Petridou ET, Bonaventure A, Dockerty JD, Karalexi M, Ntzani E, Infante-Rivard C, Clavel J, Bracci PM, McKean-Cowdin R, Roman E, Kane E, Erdmann F, Schüz J, Mueller BA, Scheurer ME. Breastfeeding and risk of childhood brain tumors: a report from the Childhood Cancer and Leukemia International Consortium. Cancer Causes Control 2023; 34:1005-1015. [PMID: 37421504 DOI: 10.1007/s10552-023-01746-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/10/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Studies report mixed findings regarding the association of breastfeeding with childhood brain tumors (CBT), the leading causes of cancer-related mortality in young people. Our objective was to determine whether breastfeeding is associated with CBT incidence. METHODS We pooled data on N = 2610 cases with CBT (including 697 cases with astrocytoma, 447 cases with medulloblastoma/primitive neuroectodermal tumor [PNET], 167 cases with ependymoma) and N = 8128 age- and sex-matched controls in the Childhood Cancer and Leukemia International Consortium. We computed unconditional logistic regression models to estimate the odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) of CBT, astrocytoma, medulloblastoma/PNET, and ependymoma according to breastfeeding status, adjusting for study, sex, mode of delivery, birthweight, age at diagnosis/interview, maternal age at delivery, maternal educational attainment, and maternal race/ethnicity. We evaluated any breastfeeding versus none and breastfeeding ≥ 6 months versus none. We subsequently performed random effects meta-analysis to confirm our findings, identify potential sources of heterogeneity, and evaluate for outliers or influential studies. RESULTS Breastfeeding was reported by 64.8% of control mothers and 64.5% of case mothers and was not associated with CBT (OR 1.04, 95% CI 0.94-1.15), astrocytoma (OR 1.01, 95% CI 0.87-1.17), medulloblastoma/PNET (OR 1.11, 95% CI 0.93-1.32), or ependymoma (OR 1.06, 95% CI 0.81-1.40). Results were similar when we restricted to breastfeeding ≥ 6 months and in meta-analyses. CONCLUSION Our data suggest that breastfeeding does not protect against CBT.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy M Schraw
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Hematology-Oncology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.
- Center for Epidemiology and Population Health, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.
| | - Eleni Th Petridou
- Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology, and Medical Statistics, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
- Hellenic Society for Social Pediatrics and Health Promotion, Athens, Greece
| | - Audrey Bonaventure
- UMR-1153, CRESS, Université de Paris, INSERM, Epidemiology of Childhood and Adolescent Cancers Team, Villejuif, France
| | - John D Dockerty
- Department of Preventative and Social Medicine, Dunedin School of Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Maria Karalexi
- Hellenic Society for Social Pediatrics and Health Promotion, Athens, Greece
| | - Evangelia Ntzani
- Center for Evidence-Based Medicine, Department of Health Services, Policy and Practice, School of Public Health, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
- Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, University of Ioannina School of Medicine, 45110, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Claire Infante-Rivard
- Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Occupational Health, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Jacqueline Clavel
- UMR-1153, CRESS, Université de Paris, INSERM, Epidemiology of Childhood and Adolescent Cancers Team, Villejuif, France
- National Registry of Childhood Cancers, APHP, Hôpital Paul-Brousse, Villejuif, and CHU de Nancy, Vandoeuvre-Lès-Nancy, France
| | - Paige M Bracci
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Hellen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | - Eve Roman
- Epidemiology and Cancer Statistics Group, Department of Health Sciences, University of York, York, UK
| | - Eleanor Kane
- Epidemiology and Cancer Statistics Group, Department of Health Sciences, University of York, York, UK
| | - Friederike Erdmann
- Environment and Lifestyle Epidemiology Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer, World Health Organization (IARC/WHO), Lyon, France
- Division of Childhood Cancer Epidemiology, Institute of Medical Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics (IMBEI), University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Joachim Schüz
- Section of Environment and Radiation, International Agency for Research On Cancer (IARC/WHO), Lyon, France
| | - Beth A Mueller
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Michael E Scheurer
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Hematology-Oncology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Center for Epidemiology and Population Health, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Pittet F, Hinde K. Meager Milk: Lasting Consequences for Adult Daughters of Primiparous Mothers Among Rhesus Macaques (Macaca mulatta). Integr Comp Biol 2023; 63:569-584. [PMID: 37170073 PMCID: PMC10503474 DOI: 10.1093/icb/icad022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2023] [Revised: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Among mammals, primipara who initiate reproduction before full maturity can be constrained in their maternal investment, both due to fewer somatic resources and tradeoffs between their own continued development and reproductive effort. Primipara are particularly limited in their capacity to synthesize milk during lactation, the costliest aspect of reproduction for most mammals, especially primates due to long periods of postnatal development. Due to reduced milk transfer, Firstborns may be at elevated risk for long-term consequences of deficits in early life endowment from their primiparous mothers. Here we investigated mass, growth, stature, and lactation performance among N = 273 adult daughters across N = 335 reproductions, who were their own mother's Firstborn or Laterborn progeny, among rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta) at the California National Primate Research Center. We further explored mass during infancy of the offspring of Firstborn and Laterborn mothers. Firstborns had accelerated growth during infancy, but had slowed growth during juvenility, compared to Laterborns. Although both Firstborns and Laterborns were the same age at reproductive debut, Firstborns had lower body mass, an effect that persisted throughout the reproductive career. Available milk energy, the product of milk energetic density and milk yield, was on average 16% lower for Firstborns compared to Laterborns, a difference that was only partially mediated by their lower mass. Despite differences in their mothers' energy provision through milk, the mass of infants of Firstborn and Laterborn mothers did not differ at peak lactation, suggesting that infants of Firstborns devote a higher proportion of milk energy to growth than infants of Laterborns. To date few studies have explored how early life conditions shape capacities to synthesize milk and milk composition. Our findings contribute new information among primates on how early life maternal endowments are associated with persistent effects long after the period of maternal dependence well into reproductive maturity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Florent Pittet
- Neuroscience and Behavior Unit, California National Primate Research Center, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Katie Hinde
- School of Human Evolution and Social Change, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA
- Center for Evolution and Medicine, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Wijenayake S, Martz J, Lapp HE, Storm JA, Champagne FA, Kentner AC. The contributions of parental lactation on offspring development: It's not udder nonsense! Horm Behav 2023; 153:105375. [PMID: 37269591 PMCID: PMC10351876 DOI: 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2023.105375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Revised: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The Developmental Origins of Health and Disease (DOHaD) hypothesis describes how maternal stress exposures experienced during critical periods of perinatal life are linked to altered developmental trajectories in offspring. Perinatal stress also induces changes in lactogenesis, milk volume, maternal care, and the nutritive and non-nutritive components of milk, affecting short and long-term developmental outcomes in offspring. For instance, selective early life stressors shape the contents of milk, including macro/micronutrients, immune components, microbiota, enzymes, hormones, milk-derived extracellular vesicles, and milk microRNAs. In this review, we highlight the contributions of parental lactation to offspring development by examining changes in the composition of breast milk in response to three well-characterized maternal stressors: nutritive stress, immune stress, and psychological stress. We discuss recent findings in human, animal, and in vitro models, their clinical relevance, study limitations, and potential therapeutic significance to improving human health and infant survival. We also discuss the benefits of enrichment methods and support tools that can be used to improve milk quality and volume as well as related developmental outcomes in offspring. Lastly, we use evidence-based primary literature to convey that even though select maternal stressors may modulate lactation biology (by influencing milk composition) depending on the severity and length of exposure, exclusive and/or prolonged milk feeding may attenuate the negative in utero effects of early life stressors and promote healthy developmental trajectories. Overall, scientific evidence supports lactation to be protective against nutritive and immune stressors, but the benefits of lactation in response to psychological stressors need further investigation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sanoji Wijenayake
- Department of Biology, The University of Winnipeg, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.
| | - Julia Martz
- School of Arts & Sciences, Health Psychology Program, Massachusetts College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Hannah E Lapp
- Deparment of Psychology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Jasmyne A Storm
- Department of Biology, The University of Winnipeg, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | | | - Amanda C Kentner
- School of Arts & Sciences, Health Psychology Program, Massachusetts College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Boston, MA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Beery AK, Jackson B, Halstead E, Windorski SM, Nnodim-Amadi C, Upin E. Acute decrease in mothers' cortisol following nursing and milk expression. Horm Behav 2023; 153:105387. [PMID: 37307679 DOI: 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2023.105387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The glucocorticoid hormone cortisol is an integral component of signaling pathways related to stress reactivity, energy balance, immune function, and other processes. In animal models, lactation is robustly associated with alterations in glucocorticoid signaling, and limited data suggest that similar changes may occur across human lactation. We asked whether milk letdown/secretion in breastfeeding mothers was associated with changes in cortisol, and whether such effects required presence of an infant. We measured changes in maternal salivary cortisol concentrations before and after nursing, the expression of breastmilk with an electric pump, or control activities. Participants conducted pre-session and post-session sampling (at 30 min) for all conditions, and provided a sample of pumped milk from one session. Both nursing and mechanical expression of breastmilk but not control were associated with equivalent declines in maternal cortisol concentration from pre-session values, indicating an effect of milk letdown on circulating cortisol independent of infant contact. Pre-session maternal salivary cortisol concentration was strongly and positively correlated with cortisol concentration in pumped milk samples, indicating that cortisol ingested by offspring provides a signal of maternal cortisol levels. Self-reported maternal stress was associated with higher pre-session cortisol concentrations, as well as with a larger drop in cortisol following nursing or pumping. These findings demonstrate that milk release-in the presence or absence of a suckling infant-regulates cortisol in mothers, and supports the potential for maternal signaling through breastmilk.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Annaliese K Beery
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, United States of America; Department of Psychology, Smith College, Northampton, MA 01063, United States of America; Department of Biology, Smith College, Northampton, MA 01063, United States of America; Program in Neuroscience, Smith College, Northampton, MA 01063, United States of America; Program in Culture, Health, and Science, Five College Consortium, Amherst, MA 01002, United States of America; Neuroscience and Behavior Program, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01002, United States of America.
| | - Benita Jackson
- Department of Psychology, Smith College, Northampton, MA 01063, United States of America; Program in Culture, Health, and Science, Five College Consortium, Amherst, MA 01002, United States of America
| | - Emily Halstead
- Program in Neuroscience, Smith College, Northampton, MA 01063, United States of America
| | - Sunny M Windorski
- Department of Psychology, Smith College, Northampton, MA 01063, United States of America
| | | | - Emily Upin
- Department of Psychology, Smith College, Northampton, MA 01063, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Toh P, Seale LA, Berry MJ, Torres DJ. Prolonged maternal exposure to glucocorticoids alters selenoprotein expression in the developing brain. Front Mol Neurosci 2023; 16:1115993. [PMID: 37033382 PMCID: PMC10080067 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2023.1115993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Aberrant activation of the stress-response system in early life can alter neurodevelopment and cause long-term neurological changes. Activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis releases glucocorticoids into the bloodstream, to help the organism adapt to the stressful stimulus. Elevated glucocorticoid levels can promote the accumulation of reactive oxygen species, and the brain is highly susceptible to oxidative stress. The essential trace element selenium is obtained through diet, is used to synthesize antioxidant selenoproteins, and can mitigate glucocorticoid-mediated oxidative damage. Glucocorticoids can impair antioxidant enzymes in the brain, and could potentially influence selenoprotein expression. We hypothesized that exposure to high levels of glucocorticoids would disrupt selenoprotein expression in the developing brain. C57 wild-type dams of recently birthed litters were fed either a moderate (0.25 ppm) or high (1 ppm) selenium diet and administered corticosterone (75 μg/ml) via drinking water during postnatal days 1 to 15, after which the brains of the offspring were collected for western blot analysis. Glutathione peroxidase 1 and 4 levels were increased by maternal corticosterone exposure within the prefrontal cortex, hippocampus, and hypothalamus of offspring. Additionally, levels of the glucocorticoid receptor were decreased in the hippocampus and selenoprotein W was elevated in the hypothalamus by corticosterone. Maternal consumption of a high selenium diet independently decreased glucocorticoid receptor levels in the hippocampus of offspring of both sexes, as well as in the prefrontal cortex of female offspring. This study demonstrates that early life exposure to excess glucocorticoid levels can alter selenoprotein levels in the developing brain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Daniel J. Torres
- Pacific Biosciences Research Center, School of Ocean and Earth Science and Technology, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI, United States
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Analysis of milk with liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry: a review. Eur Food Res Technol 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s00217-022-04197-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
AbstractAs a widely consumed foodstuff, milk and dairy products are increasingly studied over the years. At the present time, milk profiling is used as a benchmark to assess the properties of milk. Modern biomolecular mass spectrometers have become invaluable to fully characterize the milk composition. This review reports the analysis of milk and its components using liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (LC–MS). LC–MS analysis as a whole will be discussed subdivided into the major constituents of milk, namely, lipids, proteins, sugars and the mineral fraction.
Collapse
|
11
|
Maher JY, Gomez-Lobo V, Merke DP. The management of congenital adrenal hyperplasia during preconception, pregnancy, and postpartum. Rev Endocr Metab Disord 2023; 24:71-83. [PMID: 36399318 PMCID: PMC9884653 DOI: 10.1007/s11154-022-09770-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) is a group of autosomal recessive disorders of steroidogenesis of the adrenal cortex, most commonly due to 21-hydroxylase deficiency caused by mutations in the CYP21A2 gene. Although women with CAH have decreased fecundity, they are able to conceive; thus, if pregnancy is not desired, contraception options should be offered. If fertility is desired, women with classic CAH should first optimize glucocorticoid treatment, followed by ovulation induction medications and gonadotropins if needed. Due to the possible pregnancy complications and implications on the offspring, preconception genetic testing and counseling with a high-risk obstetrics specialist is recommended. For couples trying to avoid having a child with CAH, care with a reproductive endocrinology and infertility specialist to utilize in vitro fertilization can be offered, with or without preimplantation genetic testing for monogenic disorders. Prenatal screening and diagnosis options during pregnancy include maternal serum cell free-DNA for sex of the baby, and chorionic villus sampling and amniocentesis for diagnosis of CAH. Pregnant women with classic CAH need glucocorticoids to be adjusted during the pregnancy, at the time of delivery, and postpartum, and should be monitored for adrenal crisis. Maternal and fetal risks may include chorioamnionitis, maternal hypertension, gestational diabetes, cesarean section, and small for gestational age infants. This review on CAH due to 21-hydroxylase deficiency highlights reproductive health including genetic transmission, contraception options, glucocorticoid management, fertility treatments, as well as testing, antenatal monitoring, and management during pregnancy, delivery, and postpartum.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline Yano Maher
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Staff Clinician, 10 Central Drive, Room 8N248, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Veronica Gomez-Lobo
- Director of Pediatric and Adolescent Gynecology, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, 10 Central Drive, Room 8N248, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Deborah P Merke
- National Institutes of Health Clinical Center and Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, 10 Central Drive, Room 1-2740, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Hannan FM, Elajnaf T, Vandenberg LN, Kennedy SH, Thakker RV. Hormonal regulation of mammary gland development and lactation. Nat Rev Endocrinol 2023; 19:46-61. [PMID: 36192506 DOI: 10.1038/s41574-022-00742-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 51.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Lactation is critical to infant short-term and long-term health and protects mothers from breast cancer, ovarian cancer and type 2 diabetes mellitus. The mammary gland is a dynamic organ, regulated by the coordinated actions of reproductive and metabolic hormones. These hormones promote gland development from puberty onwards and induce the formation of a branched, epithelial, milk-secreting organ by the end of pregnancy. Progesterone withdrawal following placental delivery initiates lactation, which is maintained by increased pituitary secretion of prolactin and oxytocin, and stimulated by infant suckling. After weaning, local cytokine production and decreased prolactin secretion trigger large-scale mammary cell loss, leading to gland involution. Here, we review advances in the molecular endocrinology of mammary gland development and milk synthesis. We discuss the hormonal functions of the mammary gland, including parathyroid hormone-related peptide secretion that stimulates maternal calcium mobilization for milk synthesis. We also consider the hormonal composition of human milk and its associated effects on infant health and development. Finally, we highlight endocrine and metabolic diseases that cause lactation insufficiency, for example, monogenic disorders of prolactin and prolactin receptor mutations, maternal obesity and diabetes mellitus, interventions during labour and delivery, and exposure to endocrine-disrupting chemicals such as polyfluoroalkyl substances in consumer products and other oestrogenic compounds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fadil M Hannan
- Larsson-Rosenquist Foundation Oxford Centre for the Endocrinology of Human Lactation, Nuffield Department of Women's & Reproductive Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
| | - Taha Elajnaf
- Larsson-Rosenquist Foundation Oxford Centre for the Endocrinology of Human Lactation, Nuffield Department of Women's & Reproductive Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Laura N Vandenberg
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - Stephen H Kennedy
- Larsson-Rosenquist Foundation Oxford Centre for the Endocrinology of Human Lactation, Nuffield Department of Women's & Reproductive Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Rajesh V Thakker
- Academic Endocrine Unit, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Maternal childhood trauma is associated with offspring body size during the first year of life. Sci Rep 2022; 12:19619. [PMID: 36380091 PMCID: PMC9666509 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-23740-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Maternal childhood trauma (MCT) is an important factor affecting offspring size at birth. Whether the effect of MCT persists during the subsequent development remains unclear. We present the results of a semi-longitudinal investigation examining the physical growth of infants born to mothers with high (HCT) and low (LCT) childhood trauma during the first year of life. One hundred healthy mother-infant dyads were included based on following criteria: exclusive breastfeeding, birth on term with appropriate weight for gestational age. MCT was assessed using the Early Life Stress Questionnaire. The weight, length, and head circumference of the infant were taken at birth, 5 and 12 months postpartum. Separate MANCOVA models were run for infant size at each age. We found an association between MCT and infant size at 5 and 12 months. The children of mothers with HCT had higher weight and greater head circumference than the children of mothers with LCT. These results suggest that MCT might contribute to developmental programming of offspring growth during the first year of life. From an evolutionary perspective, the larger size of HCT mother's offspring might represent an adaptation to potentially harsh environmental conditions. This effect might be mediated by epigenetic changes to DNA and altered breast milk composition.
Collapse
|
14
|
Zielinska-Pukos MA, Bryś J, Kucharz N, Chrobak A, Wesolowska A, Grabowicz-Chądrzyńska I, Hamulka J. Factors Influencing Cortisol Concentrations in Breastmilk and Its Associations with Breastmilk Composition and Infant Development in the First Six Months of Lactation. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph192214809. [PMID: 36429527 PMCID: PMC9690377 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192214809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies provided contradictory results regarding the influence of maternal, seasonal, and infant factors on breastmilk cortisol, and its associations with breastmilk composition and infant development. This study aimed to assess breastmilk cortisol levels at the first, third, and sixth months of lactation and evaluate the associations with maternal psychosocial, seasonal, and infant factors, breastmilk composition, and infant anthropometric and psychomotor development and temperament. Cortisol concentrations were assessed by ELISA in 24 h breastmilk samples obtained from 38 healthy mothers. Maternal psychological status was assessed by EPDS and PSS-10 and infant psychomotor development was assessed using the Children's Development Scale (DSR). Breastmilk cortisol was 11.2 ± 6.2, 11.2 ± 4.3, and 12.7 ± 6.2 ng/mL at the first, third, and sixth months of lactation (p > 0.05), respectively. In the spring-summer season, we observed lower and higher levels of cortisol in the first and sixth months of lactation (p ≤ 0.05), respectively, but no other associations were detected regarding maternal or infant characteristics. In the third month of lactation, cortisol was related to breastmilk crude protein (β = 0.318, 0.007-0.630) and infant BMI z-score before adjustment for infant birthweight and sex (Model 2: β = 0.359, 0.021-0.697), but no other associations with breastmilk composition, infant development, or temperament were confirmed. Our results indicated that breastmilk cortisol is unrelated to maternal and infant factors and has limited influence on breastmilk crude protein, but not on infant anthropometric and psychomotor development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Monika A. Zielinska-Pukos
- Department of Human Nutrition, Institute of Human Nutrition Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences—SGGW, Nowoursynowska St. 159, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Joanna Bryś
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Food Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences—SGGW, Nowoursynowska St. 159, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Natalia Kucharz
- Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, 53-114 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Chrobak
- Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, 53-114 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Wesolowska
- Laboratory of Human Milk and Lactation Research at Regional Human Milk Bank in Holy Family Hospital, Department of Neonatology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Medical University of Warsaw, Litewska 14/16 Str., 00-575 Warsaw, Poland
| | | | - Jadwiga Hamulka
- Department of Human Nutrition, Institute of Human Nutrition Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences—SGGW, Nowoursynowska St. 159, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Muelbert M, Alexander T, Vickers MH, Harding JE, Galante L, Bloomfield FH. Glucocorticoids in preterm human milk. Front Nutr 2022; 9:965654. [PMID: 36238462 PMCID: PMC9552215 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.965654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Glucocorticoids (GCs), cortisol and cortisone, are essential regulators of many physiological responses, including immunity, stress and mammary gland function. GCs are present in human milk (HM), but whether maternal and infant factors are associated with HM GC concentration following preterm birth is unclear. Materials and methods HM samples were collected on postnatal day 5 and 10 and at 4 months’ corrected age (4m CA) in a cohort of moderate- and late-preterm infants. GCs in HM were measured by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Relationships between GCs in HM and both maternal and infant characteristics were investigated using Spearman’s correlations and linear mixed models. Results 170 mothers of 191 infants provided 354 HM samples. Cortisol concentrations in HM increased from postnatal day 5–4m CA (mean difference [MD] 0.6 ± 0.1 ng/ml, p < 0.001). Cortisone concentration did not change across lactation but was higher than cortisol throughout. Compared to no antenatal corticosteroid (ANS), a complete course of ANS was associated with lower GC concentrations in HM through to 4m CA (cortisol: MD –0.3 ± 0.1 ng/ml, p < 0.01; cortisone MD –1.8 ± 0.4 ng/ml, p < 0.001). At 4m CA, higher maternal perceived stress was negatively associated with GC concentrations in HM (cortisol adjusted beta-coefficient [aβ] –0.01 ± 0.01 ng/ml, p = 0.05; and cortisone aβ –0.1 ± 0.03 ng/ml, p = 0.01), whereas higher postpartum depression and maternal obesity were associated with lower cortisone concentrations (aβ –0.1 ± 0.04 ng/ml p < 0.05; MD [healthy versus obese] –0.1 ± 0.04 ng/ml p < 0.05, respectively). There was a weak positive correlation between GC concentrations in HM and gestational age at birth (r = 0.1, p < 0.05). Infant birth head circumference z-score was negatively associated with cortisol concentrations (aβ –0.01 ± 0.04 ng/ml, p < 0.05). At hospital discharge, fat-free mass showed a weak positive correlation with cortisol concentrations (r = 0.2, p = 0.03), while fat mass showed a weak negative correlation with cortisone concentrations (r = –0.25, p < 0.001). Conclusion The mammary gland appears to protect the infant from cortisol through inactivation into cortisone. Maternal and infant characteristics were associated with concentration of GCs in HM, including ANS, stress and depression scores, obesity, gestational age and infant size. The effects of HM glucocorticoids on long-term health outcomes requires further research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Muelbert
- Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Tanith Alexander
- Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- Neonatal Unit, Kidz First, Middlemore Hospital, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Mark H. Vickers
- Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Jane E. Harding
- Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Laura Galante
- Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Frank H. Bloomfield
- Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- *Correspondence: Frank H. Bloomfield,
| | - the DIAMOND study groupMuelbertMariana1AlexanderTanith12GalanteLaura1AsadiSharin1ChongClara Y.L.1AlsweilerJane M.34BekerFriederike56BloomfieldFrank H.13Cameron-SmithDavid1CrowtherCaroline A.1HardingJane E.1JiangYannan7MeyerMichael P.24MilanAmber18o’SullivanJustin M.1WallClare R.91Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand2Neonatal Unit, Kidz First, Middlemore Hospital, Auckland, New Zealand3Newborn Services, Auckland City Hospital, Auckland, New Zealand4Department of Paediatrics: Child and Youth Health.5Department of Newborn Services, Mater Mothers’ Hospital, Brisbane, QLD, Australia6Mater Research Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia7Department of Statistics, Faculty of Science, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand8Food and Bio-based Products, AgResearch Grasslands, Palmerston North, New Zealand9Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
de Weerth C, Aatsinki AK, Azad MB, Bartol FF, Bode L, Collado MC, Dettmer AM, Field CJ, Guilfoyle M, Hinde K, Korosi A, Lustermans H, Mohd Shukri NH, Moore SE, Pundir S, Rodriguez JM, Slupsky CM, Turner S, van Goudoever JB, Ziomkiewicz A, Beijers R. Human milk: From complex tailored nutrition to bioactive impact on child cognition and behavior. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 63:7945-7982. [PMID: 35352583 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2053058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Human milk is a highly complex liquid food tailor-made to match an infant's needs. Beyond documented positive effects of breastfeeding on infant and maternal health, there is increasing evidence that milk constituents also impact child neurodevelopment. Non-nutrient milk bioactives would contribute to the (long-term) development of child cognition and behavior, a process termed 'Lactocrine Programming'. In this review we discuss the current state of the field on human milk composition and its links with child cognitive and behavioral development. To promote state-of-the-art methodologies and designs that facilitate data pooling and meta-analytic endeavors, we present detailed recommendations and best practices for future studies. Finally, we determine important scientific gaps that need to be filled to advance the field, and discuss innovative directions for future research. Unveiling the mechanisms underlying the links between human milk and child cognition and behavior will deepen our understanding of the broad functions of this complex liquid food, as well as provide necessary information for designing future interventions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carolina de Weerth
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behavior, Radboud University Medical Center, EN Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Anna-Katariina Aatsinki
- FinnBrain Birth Cohort Study, Turku Brain and Mind Center, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Meghan B Azad
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Manitoba Interdisciplinary Lactation Centre, Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Frank F Bartol
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, USA
| | - Lars Bode
- Department of Pediatrics and Mother-Milk-Infant Center of Research Excellence (MOMI CORE), University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Maria Carmen Collado
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology-National Research Council (IATA-CSIC), Paterna, Valencia, Spain
| | - Amanda M Dettmer
- Yale Child Study Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Catherine J Field
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, College of Basic and Applied Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Meagan Guilfoyle
- Department of Anthropology, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana, USA
| | - Katie Hinde
- School of Human Evolution and Social Change, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, USA
| | - Aniko Korosi
- Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, Center for Neuroscience, Brain Plasticity group, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Hellen Lustermans
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behavior, Radboud University Medical Center, EN Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Nurul Husna Mohd Shukri
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Sophie E Moore
- Department of Women & Children's Health, King's College London, St Thomas' Hospital, London, UK
- School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Nutrition Theme, MRC Unit The Gambia and the London, Fajara, The GambiaBanjul
| | - Shikha Pundir
- The Liggins Institute, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Juan Miguel Rodriguez
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carolyn M Slupsky
- Department of Nutrition and Department of Food Science and Technology, University of California, Davis, California, USA
| | - Sarah Turner
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Manitoba Interdisciplinary Lactation Centre, Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Johannes B van Goudoever
- Department of Pediatrics, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Vrije Universiteit, Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Anna Ziomkiewicz
- Department of Anthropology, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Roseriet Beijers
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behavior, Radboud University Medical Center, EN Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Department of Social Development, Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Montgomery TM, Greenberg JR, Gunson JL, John K, Laubach ZM, Nonnamaker E, Person ES, Rogers H, Ronis EM, Smale L, Steinfield KR, Strong R, Holekamp KE, Beehner JC. Measuring salivary cortisol in wild carnivores. Horm Behav 2022; 137:105082. [PMID: 34798449 DOI: 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2021.105082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2021] [Revised: 09/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Salivary hormone analyses provide a useful alternative to fecal and urinary hormone analyses in non-invasive studies of behavioral endocrinology. Here, we use saliva to assess cortisol levels in a wild population of spotted hyenas (Crocuta crocuta), a gregarious carnivore living in complex social groups. We first describe a novel, non-invasive method of collecting saliva from juvenile hyenas and validate a salivary cortisol assay for use in this species. We then analyze over 260 saliva samples collected from nearly 70 juveniles to investigate the relationships between cortisol and temporal and social variables in these animals. We obtain some evidence of a bimodal daily rhythm with salivary cortisol concentrations dropping around dawn and dusk, times at which cub activity levels are changing substantially. We also find that dominant littermates have lower cortisol than singleton juveniles, but that cortisol does not vary with age, sex, or maternal social rank. Finally, we examine how social behaviors such as aggression or play affect salivary cortisol concentrations. We find that inflicting aggression on others was associated with lower cortisol concentrations. We hope that the detailed description of our methods provides wildlife researchers with the tools to measure salivary cortisol in other wild carnivores.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tracy M Montgomery
- Michigan State University, Department of Integrative Biology and Program in Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior, 288 Farm Lane, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA; Mara Hyena Project, Kenya; Max Planck Institute for Animal Behavior, Department for the Ecology of Animal Societies, Bücklestraße 5a, 78467 Konstanz, Germany.
| | - Julia R Greenberg
- Michigan State University, Department of Integrative Biology and Program in Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior, 288 Farm Lane, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA; Mara Hyena Project, Kenya; University of Wisconsin-Madison, Department of Psychology, 1202 West Johnson Street, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Jessica L Gunson
- Mara Hyena Project, Kenya; New York University, Department of Anthropology, 25 Waverly Place, New York, NY 10003, USA
| | | | - Zachary M Laubach
- Michigan State University, Department of Integrative Biology and Program in Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior, 288 Farm Lane, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA; Mara Hyena Project, Kenya; University of Colorado Boulder, Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, 1900 Pleasant Street, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
| | - Emily Nonnamaker
- Mara Hyena Project, Kenya; University of Notre Dame, Department of Biological Sciences, 175 Galvin Life Sciences Center, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
| | - Erin S Person
- Mara Hyena Project, Kenya; University of California Berkeley, Department of Integrative Biology, 3040 Valley Life Sciences Building, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Heidi Rogers
- Mara Hyena Project, Kenya; University of California Santa Cruz, Department of Statistical Science, 1156 High Street, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
| | | | - Laura Smale
- Michigan State University, Department of Psychology and Program in Neuroscience, 316 Physics Road, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Katherine R Steinfield
- Mara Hyena Project, Kenya; University College London, Division of Biosciences, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | | | - Kay E Holekamp
- Michigan State University, Department of Integrative Biology and Program in Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior, 288 Farm Lane, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA; Mara Hyena Project, Kenya
| | - Jacinta C Beehner
- University of Michigan, Department of Psychology, 530 Church Street, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; University of Michigan, Department of Anthropology, 1085 South University Avenue, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Zambrano E, Rodríguez-González GL, Reyes-Castro LA, Bautista CJ, Castro-Rodríguez DC, Juárez-Pilares G, Ibáñez CA, Hernández-Rojas A, Nathanielsz PW, Montaño S, Arredondo A, Huang F, Bolaños-Jiménez F. DHA Supplementation of Obese Rats throughout Pregnancy and Lactation Modifies Milk Composition and Anxiety Behavior of Offspring. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13124243. [PMID: 34959795 PMCID: PMC8706754 DOI: 10.3390/nu13124243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
We investigated if supplementing obese mothers (MO) with docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) improves milk long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid (LCPUFA) composition and offspring anxiety behavior. From weaning throughout pregnancy and lactation, female Wistar rats ate chow (C) or a high-fat diet (MO). One month before mating and through lactation, half the mothers received 400 mg DHA kg−1 d−1 orally (C+DHA or MO+DHA). Offspring ate C after weaning. Maternal weight, total body fat, milk hormones, and milk nutrient composition were determined. Pups’ milk nutrient intake was evaluated, and behavioral anxiety tests were conducted. MO exhibited increased weight and total fat, and higher milk corticosterone, leptin, linoleic, and arachidonic acid (AA) concentrations, and less DHA content. MO male and female offspring had higher ω-6/ ω-3 milk consumption ratios. In the elevated plus maze, female but not male MO offspring exhibited more anxiety. MO+DHA mothers exhibited lower weight, total fat, milk leptin, and AA concentrations, and enhanced milk DHA. MO+DHA offspring had a lower ω-6/ω-3 milk intake ratio and reduced anxiety vs. MO. DHA content was greater in C+DHA milk vs. C. Supplementing MO mothers with DHA improves milk composition, especially LCPUFA content and ω-6/ω-3 ratio reducing offspring anxiety in a sex-dependent manner.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elena Zambrano
- Reproductive Biology Department, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City 14080, Mexico; (G.L.R.-G.); (L.A.R.-C.); (C.J.B.); (D.C.C.-R.); (G.J.-P.); (C.A.I.); (A.H.-R.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +52-55-5487-0900 (ext. 2417)
| | - Guadalupe L. Rodríguez-González
- Reproductive Biology Department, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City 14080, Mexico; (G.L.R.-G.); (L.A.R.-C.); (C.J.B.); (D.C.C.-R.); (G.J.-P.); (C.A.I.); (A.H.-R.)
| | - Luis A. Reyes-Castro
- Reproductive Biology Department, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City 14080, Mexico; (G.L.R.-G.); (L.A.R.-C.); (C.J.B.); (D.C.C.-R.); (G.J.-P.); (C.A.I.); (A.H.-R.)
| | - Claudia J. Bautista
- Reproductive Biology Department, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City 14080, Mexico; (G.L.R.-G.); (L.A.R.-C.); (C.J.B.); (D.C.C.-R.); (G.J.-P.); (C.A.I.); (A.H.-R.)
| | - Diana C. Castro-Rodríguez
- Reproductive Biology Department, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City 14080, Mexico; (G.L.R.-G.); (L.A.R.-C.); (C.J.B.); (D.C.C.-R.); (G.J.-P.); (C.A.I.); (A.H.-R.)
- CONACyT-Cátedras, Reproductive Biology Department, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City 14080, Mexico
| | - Gimena Juárez-Pilares
- Reproductive Biology Department, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City 14080, Mexico; (G.L.R.-G.); (L.A.R.-C.); (C.J.B.); (D.C.C.-R.); (G.J.-P.); (C.A.I.); (A.H.-R.)
| | - Carlos A. Ibáñez
- Reproductive Biology Department, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City 14080, Mexico; (G.L.R.-G.); (L.A.R.-C.); (C.J.B.); (D.C.C.-R.); (G.J.-P.); (C.A.I.); (A.H.-R.)
| | - Alejandra Hernández-Rojas
- Reproductive Biology Department, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City 14080, Mexico; (G.L.R.-G.); (L.A.R.-C.); (C.J.B.); (D.C.C.-R.); (G.J.-P.); (C.A.I.); (A.H.-R.)
| | | | - Sara Montaño
- Department of Animal Nutrition, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City 14080, Mexico;
| | - Armando Arredondo
- Center for Health Systems Research, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Cuernavaca 62100, Mexico;
| | - Fengyang Huang
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Mexico City 06720, Mexico;
| | - Francisco Bolaños-Jiménez
- INRAE, UMR1280 Physiologie des Adaptations Nutritionnelles, Université de Nantes, Nantes Atlantique Université, 44096 Nantes, France;
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Geddes DT, Gridneva Z, Perrella SL, Mitoulas LR, Kent JC, Stinson LF, Lai CT, Sakalidis V, Twigger AJ, Hartmann PE. 25 Years of Research in Human Lactation: From Discovery to Translation. Nutrients 2021; 13:3071. [PMID: 34578947 PMCID: PMC8465002 DOI: 10.3390/nu13093071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Revised: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Researchers have recently called for human lactation research to be conceptualized as a biological framework where maternal and infant factors impacting human milk, in terms of composition, volume and energy content are studied along with relationships to infant growth, development and health. This approach allows for the development of evidence-based interventions that are more likely to support breastfeeding and lactation in pursuit of global breastfeeding goals. Here we summarize the seminal findings of our research programme using a biological systems approach traversing breast anatomy, milk secretion, physiology of milk removal with respect to breastfeeding and expression, milk composition and infant intake, and infant gastric emptying, culminating in the exploration of relationships with infant growth, development of body composition, and health. This approach has allowed the translation of the findings with respect to education, and clinical practice. It also sets a foundation for improved study design for future investigations in human lactation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Donna Tracy Geddes
- School of Molecular Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia; (Z.G.); (S.L.P.); (L.R.M.); (J.C.K.); (L.F.S.); (C.T.L.); (V.S.); (P.E.H.)
| | - Zoya Gridneva
- School of Molecular Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia; (Z.G.); (S.L.P.); (L.R.M.); (J.C.K.); (L.F.S.); (C.T.L.); (V.S.); (P.E.H.)
| | - Sharon Lisa Perrella
- School of Molecular Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia; (Z.G.); (S.L.P.); (L.R.M.); (J.C.K.); (L.F.S.); (C.T.L.); (V.S.); (P.E.H.)
| | - Leon Robert Mitoulas
- School of Molecular Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia; (Z.G.); (S.L.P.); (L.R.M.); (J.C.K.); (L.F.S.); (C.T.L.); (V.S.); (P.E.H.)
- Medela, AG, Lättichstrasse 4b, 6340 Baar, Switzerland
| | - Jacqueline Coral Kent
- School of Molecular Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia; (Z.G.); (S.L.P.); (L.R.M.); (J.C.K.); (L.F.S.); (C.T.L.); (V.S.); (P.E.H.)
| | - Lisa Faye Stinson
- School of Molecular Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia; (Z.G.); (S.L.P.); (L.R.M.); (J.C.K.); (L.F.S.); (C.T.L.); (V.S.); (P.E.H.)
| | - Ching Tat Lai
- School of Molecular Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia; (Z.G.); (S.L.P.); (L.R.M.); (J.C.K.); (L.F.S.); (C.T.L.); (V.S.); (P.E.H.)
| | - Vanessa Sakalidis
- School of Molecular Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia; (Z.G.); (S.L.P.); (L.R.M.); (J.C.K.); (L.F.S.); (C.T.L.); (V.S.); (P.E.H.)
| | | | - Peter Edwin Hartmann
- School of Molecular Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia; (Z.G.); (S.L.P.); (L.R.M.); (J.C.K.); (L.F.S.); (C.T.L.); (V.S.); (P.E.H.)
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Stead SM, Bădescu I, Boonstra R. Of mammals and milk: how maternal stress affects nursing offspring. Mamm Rev 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/mam.12267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Samantha M. Stead
- Department of Anthropology University of Toronto Scarborough 1265 Military Trail Scarborough ONM1C 1A4Canada
| | - Iulia Bădescu
- Département d’Anthropologie Université de Montréal 3150 Rue Jean‐Brillant Montréal QCH3T 1N8Canada
| | - Rudy Boonstra
- Department of Biological Sciences University of Toronto Scarborough 1265 Military Trail Scarborough ONM1C 1A4Canada
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Romijn M, van Tilburg LJL, Hollanders JJ, van der Voorn B, de Goede P, Dolman KM, Heijboer AC, Broekman BFP, Rotteveel J, Finken MJJ. The Association between Maternal Stress and Glucocorticoid Rhythmicity in Human Milk. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13051608. [PMID: 34064929 PMCID: PMC8151700 DOI: 10.3390/nu13051608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 05/02/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Chronic stress is often accompanied by alterations in the diurnal rhythm of hypothalamus–pituitary–adrenal activity. However, there are limited data on the diurnal rhythmicity of breast milk glucocorticoids (GCs) among women with psychological distress. We compared mothers who sought consultation at an expertise center for pregnant women with an increased risk of psychological distress with control mothers for GC diurnal rhythmicity in milk and saliva obtained at the same time. Methods: We included 19 mothers who sought consultation at the psychiatry–obstetric–pediatric (POP) outpatient clinic and 44 control mothers. One month postpartum, mothers collected on average eight paired milk and saliva samples during a 24 h period. GC levels were measured using liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. GC rhythmicity parameters were determined with specialized software. Results: For both milk and saliva, no group differences regarding GC rhythms were found. Milk cortisol area under the curve with respect to the ground was lower in the POP group than in the control group (p = 0.02). GC levels in human milk and saliva were highly correlated within each group (p < 0.001). Conclusion: Although there were no differences between groups in GC rhythmicity, the total amount of milk cortisol was lower in the POP group. Long-term follow-up is needed to address the impact of vertical transmission of breast milk GCs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Romijn
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Emma Children’s Hospital, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, location VUmc, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (L.J.L.v.T.); (J.J.H.); (J.R.); (M.J.J.F.)
- Department of Pediatrics, Amsterdam Reproduction & Development Research Institute, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +31-(0)20-444-3137
| | - Luca J. L. van Tilburg
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Emma Children’s Hospital, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, location VUmc, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (L.J.L.v.T.); (J.J.H.); (J.R.); (M.J.J.F.)
| | - Jonneke J. Hollanders
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Emma Children’s Hospital, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, location VUmc, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (L.J.L.v.T.); (J.J.H.); (J.R.); (M.J.J.F.)
| | - Bibian van der Voorn
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Endocrinology, Erasmus MC-Sophia Children’s Hospital, University Medical Center Rotterdam, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands;
| | - Paul de Goede
- Laboratory of Endocrinology, Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Gastroenterology & Metabolism, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands;
| | - Koert M. Dolman
- Department of Pediatrics, Onze Lieve Vrouwe Gasthuis (OLVG), 1006 AE Amsterdam, The Netherlands;
| | - Annemieke C. Heijboer
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Endocrine Laboratory, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands;
| | - Birit F. P. Broekman
- Department of Psychiatry, VU University Medical Centre, Amsterdam UMC, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands;
| | - Joost Rotteveel
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Emma Children’s Hospital, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, location VUmc, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (L.J.L.v.T.); (J.J.H.); (J.R.); (M.J.J.F.)
| | - Martijn J. J. Finken
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Emma Children’s Hospital, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, location VUmc, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (L.J.L.v.T.); (J.J.H.); (J.R.); (M.J.J.F.)
- Department of Pediatrics, Amsterdam Reproduction & Development Research Institute, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Kortesniemi M, Slupsky CM, Aatsinki AK, Sinkkonen J, Karlsson L, Linderborg KM, Yang B, Karlsson H, Kailanto HM. Human milk metabolome is associated with symptoms of maternal psychological distress and milk cortisol. Food Chem 2021; 356:129628. [PMID: 33836356 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.129628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Revised: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The composition of human milk is subject to considerable variation, but the effects of maternal stress are largely unknown. We studied differences in human milk metabolome between Finnish mothers (n = 120, secretors) with symptoms of prenatal symptoms of psychological distress and milk cortisol concentrations. Human milk samples acquired at 2.5 months postpartum were analyzed using targeted 1H NMR metabolomics. Self-reported scores for depression (EPDS), overall anxiety (SCL-90), and pregnancy-related anxiety (PRAQ) were used to evaluate psychological distress. Prenatal psychological distress was positively associated with concentrations of short-chain fatty acids, caprate, and hypoxanthine (q < 0.0012). Milk cortisol was positively associated with lactate concentration (q < 0.05). Changes in the human milk metabolome were shown to be associated with maternal psychological distress and concentration of milk cortisol in a dissimilarly, suggesting alterations in bacterial and energy metabolism of the mother, respectively.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maaria Kortesniemi
- Food Chemistry and Food Development, Department of Life Technologies, University of Turku, Finland; Department of Nutrition, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA.
| | - Carolyn M Slupsky
- Department of Nutrition, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA; Department of Food Science and Technology, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Anna-Katariina Aatsinki
- FinnBrain Birth Cohort Study, Turku Brain and Mind Center, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Turku, Finland
| | - Jari Sinkkonen
- Instrument Centre, Department of Chemistry, University of Turku, Finland
| | - Linnea Karlsson
- FinnBrain Birth Cohort Study, Turku Brain and Mind Center, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Turku, Finland; Department of Psychiatry, Turku University Hospital and University of Turku, Finland; Centre for Population Health Research, Turku University Hospital and University of Turku, Finland
| | - Kaisa M Linderborg
- Food Chemistry and Food Development, Department of Life Technologies, University of Turku, Finland
| | - Baoru Yang
- Food Chemistry and Food Development, Department of Life Technologies, University of Turku, Finland
| | - Hasse Karlsson
- FinnBrain Birth Cohort Study, Turku Brain and Mind Center, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Turku, Finland; Department of Psychiatry, Turku University Hospital and University of Turku, Finland; Centre for Population Health Research, Turku University Hospital and University of Turku, Finland
| | - Henna-Maria Kailanto
- FinnBrain Birth Cohort Study, Turku Brain and Mind Center, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Turku, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Lindberg M, Nolvi S, Härkönen J, Aatsinki AK, Karlsson L, Karlsson H, Uusitupa HM. Associations between maternal socioeconomic, psychosocial and seasonal factors, infant characteristics and human milk cortisol concentrations. Am J Hum Biol 2021; 33:e23561. [PMID: 33398927 DOI: 10.1002/ajhb.23561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Revised: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Glucocorticoids are one component of human milk (HM) potentially affecting offspring development. Previous studies have identified various maternal, obstetric and socioeconomic characteristics that are associated with HM cortisol concentration but the literature is still scarce concerning these determinants in human populations. We aimed to identify which factors are linked with HM cortisol concentration at 2 months postpartum. METHODS We analyzed data from 340 lactating Finnish mothers using ordinary least squares regression with log-transformed HM cortisol concentration as the dependent variable. Potential predictors included obstetric and maternal factors (maternal age, parity status, delivery mode, gestational age, pre-pregnancy obesity, and smoking in pregnancy), socioeconomic status (education and socioeconomic class), subjective economic well-being, maternal psychosocial factors (postpartum depression and anxiety symptoms), infant sex and age, and HM sample characteristics (time of the day and season of the year at sample collection). RESULTS The strongest and most robust predictors were season of the year of sample collection and parity status. HM cortisol concentration was significantly higher for primiparas than multiparas. HM samples collected in summer showed significantly higher cortisol concentrations than those collected in winter, spring or autumn. CONCLUSIONS The findings suggest that parity and season of the year at sample collection may be important factors to control for when examining HM cortisol. The strongest and most robust associations were related to maternal and sample characteristics and not to socioeconomic and psychosocial distress. This may be related to the fact that the study was conducted in a low-risk population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matti Lindberg
- Department of Social Research, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Saara Nolvi
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Turku Brain and Mind Center, FinnBrain Birth Cohort Study, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Department of Medical Psychology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Turku Institute for Advanced Studies, Department of Psychology and Speech-Language Pathology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Juho Härkönen
- Department of Political and Social Sciences, European University Institute, Florence, Italy.,Department of Sociology, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anna-Katariina Aatsinki
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Turku Brain and Mind Center, FinnBrain Birth Cohort Study, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Linnea Karlsson
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Turku Brain and Mind Center, FinnBrain Birth Cohort Study, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Centre for Population Health Research, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland.,Department of Child Psychiatry, Turku University Hospital and University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Hasse Karlsson
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Turku Brain and Mind Center, FinnBrain Birth Cohort Study, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Centre for Population Health Research, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland.,Department of Psychiatry, Turku University Hospital and University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Henna-Maria Uusitupa
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Turku Brain and Mind Center, FinnBrain Birth Cohort Study, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
el Manouni el Hassani S, Niemarkt HJ, Derikx JPM, Berkhout DJC, Ballón AE, de Graaf M, de Boode WP, Cossey V, Hulzebos CV, van Kaam AH, Kramer BW, van Lingen RA, Vijlbrief DC, van Weissenbruch MM, Benninga MA, de Boer NKH, de Meij TGJ. Predictive factors for surgical treatment in preterm neonates with necrotizing enterocolitis: a multicenter case-control study. Eur J Pediatr 2021; 180:617-625. [PMID: 33269424 PMCID: PMC7813726 DOI: 10.1007/s00431-020-03892-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Revised: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is one of the most common and lethal gastrointestinal diseases in preterm infants. Early recognition of infants in need for surgical intervention might enable early intervention. In this multicenter case-control study, performed in nine neonatal intensive care units, preterm born infants (< 30 weeks of gestation) diagnosed with NEC (stage ≥ IIA) between October 2014 and August 2017 were divided into two groups: (1) medical (conservative treatment) and (2) surgical NEC (sNEC). Perinatal, clinical, and laboratory parameters were collected daily up to clinical onset of NEC. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were applied to identify potential predictors for sNEC. In total, 73 preterm infants with NEC (41 surgical and 32 medical NEC) were included. A low gestational age (p value, adjusted odds ratio [95%CI]; 0.001, 0.91 [0.86-0.96]), no maternal corticosteroid administration (0.025, 0.19 [0.04-0.82]), early onset of NEC (0.003, 0.85 [0.77-0.95]), low serum bicarbonate (0.009, 0.85 [0.76-0.96]), and a hemodynamically significant patent ductus arteriosus for which ibuprofen was administered (0.003, 7.60 [2.03-28.47]) were identified as independent risk factors for sNEC.Conclusions: Our findings may support the clinician to identify infants with increased risk for sNEC, which may facilitate early decisive management and consequently could result in improved prognosis. What is Known: • In 27-52% of the infants with NEC, a surgical intervention is indicated during its disease course. • Absolute indication for surgical intervention is bowel perforation, whereas fixed bowel loop or clinical deterioration highly suggestive of bowel perforation or necrosi, is a relative indication. What is New: • Lower gestational age, early clinical onset, and no maternal corticosteroids administration are predictors for surgical NEC. • Low serum bicarbonate in the 3 days prior clinical onset and patent ductus arteriosus for which ibuprofen was administered predict surgical NEC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sofia el Manouni el Hassani
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Amsterdam UMC, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands ,Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Amsterdam UMC, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Hendrik J. Niemarkt
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Máxima Medical Center, Veldhoven, the Netherlands
| | - Joep P. M. Derikx
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Emma Children’s Hospital, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Daniel J. C. Berkhout
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Amsterdam UMC, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands ,Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Amsterdam UMC, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Andrea E. Ballón
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Amsterdam UMC, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Margot de Graaf
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Amsterdam UMC, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Willem P. de Boode
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Amalia Children’s Hospital, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Veerle Cossey
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Christian V. Hulzebos
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Beatrix Children’s Hospital, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Anton H. van Kaam
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Amsterdam UMC, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands ,Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Amsterdam UMC, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Boris W. Kramer
- Department of Pediatrics, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Richard A. van Lingen
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Amalia Children’s Center/Isala, Zwolle, the Netherlands
| | - Daniel C. Vijlbrief
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Wilhelmina Children’s Hospital/University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | | | - Marc A. Benninga
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Amsterdam UMC, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Nanne K. H. de Boer
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Amsterdam Gastroenterology and Metabolism Research Institute, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Tim G. J. de Meij
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Amsterdam UMC, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Assessing the Multivariate Relationship between the Human Infant Intestinal Exfoliated Cell Transcriptome (Exfoliome) and Microbiome in Response to Diet. Microorganisms 2020; 8:microorganisms8122032. [PMID: 33353204 PMCID: PMC7766018 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8122032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2020] [Revised: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Gut microbiota and the host exist in a mutualistic relationship, with the functional composition of the microbiota strongly influencing the health and well-being of the host. In addition to the standard differential expression analysis of host genes to assess the complex cross-talk between environment (diet), microbiome, and host intestinal physiology, data-driven integrative approaches are needed to identify potential biomarkers of both host genes and microbial communities that characterize these interactions. Our findings demonstrate that the complementary application of univariate differential gene expression analysis and multivariate approaches such as sparse Canonical Correlation Analysis (sCCA) and sparse Principal Components Analysis (sPCA) can be used to integrate data from both the healthy infant gut microbial community and host transcriptome (exfoliome) using stool derived exfoliated cells shed from the gut. These approaches reveal host genes and microbial functional categories related to the feeding phenotype of the infants. Our findings also confirm that combinatorial noninvasive -omic approaches provide an integrative genomics-based perspective of neonatal host-gut microbiome interactions.
Collapse
|
26
|
Piñeiro-Ramos JD, Parra-Llorca A, Ten-Doménech I, Gormaz M, Ramón-Beltrán A, Cernada M, Quintás G, Collado MC, Kuligowski J, Vento M. Effect of donor human milk on host-gut microbiota and metabolic interactions in preterm infants. Clin Nutr 2020; 40:1296-1309. [PMID: 32863061 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2020.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Revised: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Human milk is the gold standard for infant nutrition. Preterm infants whose mothers are unable to provide sufficient own mother's milk (OMM), receive pasteurized donor human milk (DHM). We studied metabolic signatures of OMM and DHM and their effect on the interplay of the developing microbiota and infant's metabolism. METHODS Metabolic fingerprinting of OMM and DHM as well as infant's urine was performed using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry and the infant's stool microbiota was analyzed by 16S rRNA sequencing. RESULTS Significant differences in the galactose and starch and sucrose metabolism pathways when comparing OMM and DHM, and alterations of the steroid hormone synthesis and pyrimidine metabolism pathways in urine were observed depending on the type of feeding. Differences in the gut-microbiota composition were also identified. CONCLUSION The composition of DHM differs from OMM and feeding of DHM has a significant impact on the metabolic phenotype and microbiota of preterm infants. Our data help to understand the origin of the observed changes generating new hypothesis: i) steroid hormones present in HM have a significant influence in the activity of the steroid hormone biosynthesis pathway in preterm infants; ii) the pyrimidine metabolism is modulated in preterm infants by the activity of gut-microbiota. Short- and long-term implications of the observed changes for preterm infants need to be assessed in further studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- José David Piñeiro-Ramos
- Neonatal Research Unit, Health Research Institute Hospital La Fe, Avda Fernando Abril Martorell 106, 46026 Valencia, Spain
| | - Anna Parra-Llorca
- Neonatal Research Unit, Health Research Institute Hospital La Fe, Avda Fernando Abril Martorell 106, 46026 Valencia, Spain
| | - Isabel Ten-Doménech
- Neonatal Research Unit, Health Research Institute Hospital La Fe, Avda Fernando Abril Martorell 106, 46026 Valencia, Spain
| | - María Gormaz
- Neonatal Research Unit, Health Research Institute Hospital La Fe, Avda Fernando Abril Martorell 106, 46026 Valencia, Spain; Division of Neonatology, University & Polytechnic Hospital La Fe, Avda Fernando Abril Martorell 106, 46026 Valencia, Spain
| | - Amparo Ramón-Beltrán
- Division of Neonatology, University & Polytechnic Hospital La Fe, Avda Fernando Abril Martorell 106, 46026 Valencia, Spain
| | - María Cernada
- Division of Neonatology, University & Polytechnic Hospital La Fe, Avda Fernando Abril Martorell 106, 46026 Valencia, Spain
| | - Guillermo Quintás
- Health and Biomedicine, Leitat Technological Center, Carrer de la Innovació, 2, 08225 Terrassa, Spain; Analytical Unit, Health Research Institute La Fe, Avda Fernando Abril Martorell 106, 46026 Valencia, Spain
| | - María Carmen Collado
- Instituto de Agroquímica y Tecnología de Alimentos (IATA-CSIC), Av. Agustin Escardino 7, 46980, Paterna, Spain
| | - Julia Kuligowski
- Neonatal Research Unit, Health Research Institute Hospital La Fe, Avda Fernando Abril Martorell 106, 46026 Valencia, Spain.
| | - Máximo Vento
- Neonatal Research Unit, Health Research Institute Hospital La Fe, Avda Fernando Abril Martorell 106, 46026 Valencia, Spain; Division of Neonatology, University & Polytechnic Hospital La Fe, Avda Fernando Abril Martorell 106, 46026 Valencia, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Linderborg KM, Kortesniemi M, Aatsinki AK, Karlsson L, Karlsson H, Yang B, Uusitupa HM. Interactions between cortisol and lipids in human milk. Int Breastfeed J 2020; 15:66. [PMID: 32690057 PMCID: PMC7370511 DOI: 10.1186/s13006-020-00307-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Human breast milk is one of the key early postnatal biological exposures for the developing child. It includes bioactive compounds, such as cortisol and fatty acids, which may be linked via the mother’s lipid metabolism. Methods This study investigated the associations between cortisol and lipids in human milk at the infant age of 2.5 months. Human milk cortisol concentrations were measured using luminescence immunoassay, and two groups of milks (n = 50 each) were formed based on either high (> 10 nmol/L) or low (< 3 nmol/L) cortisol levels. Lipids, as fatty acid content and composition of neutral (triacylglycerol-rich) and polar (phospholipid-rich) lipids, were measured with gas chromatography. The samples originated from the FinnBrain Birth Cohort Study. Results The percentage of phospholipid-rich lipids of total lipids was 33.08% ± 1.33%. In triacylglycerol-rich lipids, high cortisol level in milk was associated with higher lauric (12:0, mass % and mg/mL), myristic (14:0, mass % and mg/mL), eicosenoic (20:1n − 9, mass %), docosenoic (22:1n − 9, mass %, and mg/mL) acids, and to lower palmitic acid (16:0, mass %) compared with low cortisol levels in milk. In phospholipid-rich lipids, high cortisol level was associated with higher myristic (14:0, mass %) and docosenoic (22:1n − 9, mass %) acids. After adjusting for pre-pregnancy BMI and sampling time by linear regression, the milk cortisol remained a significant predictor for lauric and myristic acids in triacylglycerol-rich lipids, and myristic and docosenoic acid in phospholipid-rich lipids (β = 0.23 to 0.38 and p < 0.05 for each). Conclusions This study revealed certain significant associations between milk cortisol and the fatty acid composition of human milk, indicating that cortisol might be one of the factors affecting the origin of the lipids in human milk.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kaisa M Linderborg
- Department of Biochemistry, Food Chemistry and Food Development, University of Turku, Itäinen Pitkäkatu 4C, FI-20014, Turun yliopisto, Turku, Finland.
| | - Maaria Kortesniemi
- Department of Biochemistry, Food Chemistry and Food Development, University of Turku, Itäinen Pitkäkatu 4C, FI-20014, Turun yliopisto, Turku, Finland
| | - Anna-Katariina Aatsinki
- The FinnBrain Birth Cohort Study, Turku Brain and Mind Center, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Linnea Karlsson
- The FinnBrain Birth Cohort Study, Turku Brain and Mind Center, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Department of Child Psychiatry, Turku University Hospital and University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Hasse Karlsson
- The FinnBrain Birth Cohort Study, Turku Brain and Mind Center, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Department of Psychiatry, Turku University Hospital and University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Baoru Yang
- Department of Biochemistry, Food Chemistry and Food Development, University of Turku, Itäinen Pitkäkatu 4C, FI-20014, Turun yliopisto, Turku, Finland
| | - Henna-Maria Uusitupa
- The FinnBrain Birth Cohort Study, Turku Brain and Mind Center, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Abstract
Abstract
Lactation is a critical period during which maternal nutritional and environmental challenges affect milk composition and, therefore, organ differentiation, structure, and function in offspring during the early postnatal period. Evidence to date shows that lactation is a vulnerable time during which transient insults can have lasting effects, resulting in altered health outcomes in offspring in adult life. Despite the importance of the developmental programming that occurs during this plastic period of neonatal life, there are few comprehensive reviews of the multiple challenges—especially to the dam—during lactation. This review presents milk data from rodent studies involving maternal nutritional challenges and offspring outcome data from studies involving maternal manipulations during lactation. Among the topics addressed are maternal nutritional challenges and the effects of litter size and artificial rearing on offspring metabolism and neural and endocrine outcomes. The lactation period is an opportunity to correct certain functional deficits resulting from prenatal challenges to the fetus, but, if not personalized, can also lead to undesirable outcomes related to catch up-growth and overnutrition.
Collapse
|
29
|
Aparicio M, Browne PD, Hechler C, Beijers R, Rodríguez JM, de Weerth C, Fernández L. Human milk cortisol and immune factors over the first three postnatal months: Relations to maternal psychosocial distress. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0233554. [PMID: 32437424 PMCID: PMC7241837 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0233554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2019] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Many biologically active factors are present in human milk including proteins, lipids, immune factors, and hormones. The milk composition varies over time and shows large inter-individual variability. This study examined variations of human milk immune factors and cortisol concentrations in the first three months post-partum, and their potential associations with maternal psychosocial distress. Methods Seventy-seven healthy mothers with full term pregnancies were enrolled, of which 51 mothers collected morning milk samples at 2, 6 and 12 weeks post-delivery. Maternal psychosocial distress was assessed at 6 weeks post-delivery using questionnaires for stress, anxiety, and depressive symptoms. Immune factors were determined using multiplex immunoassays and included innate immunity factors (IL1β, IL6, IL12, IFNγ, TNFα), acquired immunity factors (IL2, IL4, IL10, IL13, IL17), chemokines (IL8, Groα, MCP1, MIP1β), growth factors (IL5, IL7, GCSF, GMCSF, TGFβ2) and immunoglobulins (IgA, total IgG, IgM). Cortisol was quantified using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. A linear mixed effects model was fit to test whether stress, anxiety, and depressive symptoms individually predicted human milk cortisol concentrations after accounting for covariates. Repeated measurement analyses were used to compare women with high (n = 13) versus low psychosocial distress (n = 13) for immune factors and cortisol concentrations. Results Virtually all immune factors and cortisol, with the exception of the granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GMCSF), were detected in the human milk samples. The concentrations of the immune factors decreased during the first 3 months, while cortisol concentrations increased over time. No correlation was observed between any of the immune factors and cortisol. No consistent relationship between postnatal psychosocial distress and concentrations of immune factors was found, whereas higher psychosocial distress was predictive of higher cortisol concentrations in human milk. Conclusion In the current study we found no evidence for an association between natural variations in maternal distress and immune factor concentrations in milk. It is uncertain if this lack of association would also be observed in studies with larger populations, with less uniform demographic characteristics, or with women with higher (clinical) levels of anxiety, stress and/or depressive symptoms. In contrast, maternal psychosocial distress was positively related to higher milk cortisol concentrations at week 2 post-delivery. Further investigation on maternal psychosocial distress in relation to human milk composition is warranted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marina Aparicio
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Pamela D. Browne
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Christine Hechler
- Developmental Psychology, Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Roseriet Beijers
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Developmental Psychology, Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Juan Miguel Rodríguez
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carolina de Weerth
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- * E-mail: (CdW); (LF)
| | - Leonides Fernández
- Departmental Section of Galenic Pharmacy and Food Technology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- * E-mail: (CdW); (LF)
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Hollanders JJ, van der Voorn B, de Goede P, Toorop AA, Dijkstra LR, Honig A, Rotteveel J, Dolman KM, Kalsbeek A, Finken MJJ. Biphasic Glucocorticoid Rhythm in One-Month-Old Infants: Reflection of a Developing HPA-Axis? J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2020; 105:5606942. [PMID: 31650172 PMCID: PMC9216505 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgz089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2019] [Accepted: 10/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT The hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis displays a diurnal rhythm. However, little is known about its development in early life. OBJECTIVE To describe HPA-axis activity and study possible influencing factors in 1-month-old infants. DESIGN Observational. SETTING Amsterdam University Medical Center, location VU University Medical Center (VUMC), and Onze Lieve Vrouwe Gasthuis (OLVG), Amsterdam. PARTICIPANTS Fifty-five mother-infant pairs. INTERVENTIONS Collection of breast milk and infants' saliva 1 month postpartum for analysis of glucocorticoids (GCs; ie, cortisol and cortisone) using liquid chromatography- tandem mass spectrometry. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE GC rhythm in infants' saliva and associations with vulnerability for maternal psychological distress (increased Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale [HADS] score) or consultation at the Psychiatric Obstetric Pediatric (POP clinic), season at sampling, sex, and breast milk GC rhythmicity analyzed with SigmaPlot 14.0 software (Systat Software, San Jose, CA, USA) and regression analyses. RESULTS A significant biphasic GC rhythm was detected in infants, with mean peaks [standard error of the mean, SEM] at 6:53 am [1:01] and 18:36 pm [1:49] for cortisol, and at 8:50 am [1:11] and 19:57 pm [1:13] for cortisone. HADS score, POP consultation, season at sampling, and sex were not associated with the infants' GC rhythm. Breast milk cortisol maximum was positively associated with infants' cortisol area-under-the-curve (AUC) increase and maximum. Higher breast milk cortisone AUC increase, AUC ground, and maximum were associated with an earlier maximum in infants. Breast milk and infant GC concentrations were associated between 6:00 am and 9:00 am. CONCLUSIONS A biphasic GC rhythm, peaking in the morning and evening, was seen in 1-month-old infants at a group level. Breast milk GC parameters might be associated with the infants' GC rhythm, possibly caused by a signaling effect of breast milk GCs, or as an associative effect of increased mother-infant synchrony. These results contribute to an increased understanding of early life HPA-axis development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jonneke J Hollanders
- Pediatric Endocrinology, Emma Children’s Hospital, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Correspondence: Jonneke J. Hollanders, MD, Emma Children’s Hospital, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Pediatrics, Room ZH 9 D 36, Postbus 7057, 1007 MB Amsterdam, The Netherlands. E-mail:
| | - Bibian van der Voorn
- Department of Paediatric Endocrinology, Obesity Center Centrum voor Gezond Gewicht (CGG), Sophia Children’s Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Paul de Goede
- Laboratory of Endocrinology, Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Gastroenterology & Metabolism, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience (NIN), Royal Dutch Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW), Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Alyssa A Toorop
- Pediatric Endocrinology, Emma Children’s Hospital, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Lisette R Dijkstra
- Pediatric Endocrinology, Emma Children’s Hospital, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Adriaan Honig
- Department of Psychiatry Obstetrics and Pediatrics (POP), Onze Lieve Vrouwe Gasthuis (OLVG), Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Joost Rotteveel
- Pediatric Endocrinology, Emma Children’s Hospital, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Koert M Dolman
- Department of Psychiatry Obstetrics and Pediatrics (POP), Onze Lieve Vrouwe Gasthuis (OLVG), Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Andries Kalsbeek
- Laboratory of Endocrinology, Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Gastroenterology & Metabolism, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience (NIN), Royal Dutch Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW), Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Martijn J J Finken
- Pediatric Endocrinology, Emma Children’s Hospital, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Dai J, Ji B, Zhao G, Lu Y, Liu Y, Mou Q, Sakurai R, Xie Y, Zhang Q, Xu S, Rehan VK. Developmental Timing Determines the Protective Effect of Maternal Electroacupuncture on Perinatal Nicotine Exposure-Induced Offspring Lung Phenotype. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 2020:8030972. [PMID: 32190681 PMCID: PMC7064824 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8030972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2019] [Accepted: 12/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Introduction. Environmental exposure of the developing offspring to cigarette smoke or nicotine is an important predisposing factor for many chronic respiratory conditions, such as asthma, emphysema, pulmonary fibrosis, and so forth, in the exposed offspring. Studies showed that electroacupuncture (EA) applied to maternal "Zusanli" (ST36) acupoints during pregnancy and lactation protects against perinatal nicotine exposure- (PNE-) induced lung damage. However, the most effective time period, that is, prenatal vs. postnatal, to attain this effect has not been determined. OBJECTIVE To determine the most effective developmental timing of EA's protective effect against PNE-induced lung phenotype in the exposed offspring. METHODS Pregnant rats were given (1) saline ("S" group); (2) nicotine ("N" group); (3) nicotine + EA, exclusively prenatally ("Pre-EA" group); (4) nicotine + EA, exclusively postnatally ("Post-EA," group); and (5) nicotine + EA, administered both prenatally and postnatally ("Pre- and Post-EA" group). Nicotine was injected once daily (1 mg/kg, 100 μl) and EA was administered to bilateral ST36 acupoints once daily during the specified time-periods. At the end of the experimental periods, key hypothalamic pituitary adrenal (HPA) axis markers in pups and dams, and lung function, morphometry, and the central molecular markers of lung development in the offspring were determined. RESULTS After nicotine exposure, alveolar mean linear intercept (MLI) increased, but mean alveolar number (MAN) decreased and lung PPARγ level decreased, but glucocorticoid receptor (GR) and serum corticosterone (Cort) levels increased, in line with the known PNE-induced lung phenotype. In the nicotine exposed group, maternal hypothalamic corticotropin releasing hormone (CRH) level decreased, but pituitary adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) and serum Cort levels increased. In the "Pre- and Post-EA" groups, PNE-induced alterations in lung morphometry, lung development markers, and HPA axis were blocked. In the "Pre-EA" group, PNE-induced changes in lung morphometry, GR, and maternal HPA axis improved; lung PPARγ level decreased, but glucocorticoid receptor (GR) and serum corticosterone (Cort) levels increased, in line with the known PNE-induced lung phenotype. In the nicotine exposed group, maternal hypothalamic corticotropin releasing hormone (CRH) level decreased, but pituitary adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) and serum Cort levels increased. In the "Pre- and Post-EA" groups, PNE-induced alterations in lung morphometry, lung development markers, and HPA axis were blocked. In the "Pre-EA" group, PNE-induced changes in lung morphometry, GR, and maternal HPA axis improved; lung PPAR. CONCLUSIONS Maternal EA applied to ST36 acupoints during both pre- and postnatal periods preserves offspring lung structure and function despite perinatal exposure to nicotine. EA applied during the "prenatal period" affords only limited benefits, whereas EA applied during the "postnatal period" is ineffective, suggesting that the EA's effects in modulating PNE-induced lung phenotype are limited to specific time-periods during lung development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jian Dai
- School of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Bo Ji
- School of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Guozhen Zhao
- School of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Yawen Lu
- School of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Yitian Liu
- School of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Qiujie Mou
- School of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Reiko Sakurai
- Department of Pediatrics, Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90502, USA
| | - Yana Xie
- School of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Qin Zhang
- School of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Shuang Xu
- School of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Virender K. Rehan
- Department of Pediatrics, Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90502, USA
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Canul-Medina G, Fernandez-Mejia C. Morphological, hormonal, and molecular changes in different maternal tissues during lactation and post-lactation. J Physiol Sci 2019; 69:825-835. [PMID: 31564033 PMCID: PMC10717399 DOI: 10.1007/s12576-019-00714-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2019] [Accepted: 09/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Milk supply and quality during lactation are critical for progeny survival. Maternal tissues and metabolism, influenced by hormonal changes, undergo modification during lactation to sustain breastfeeding. Two organs that suffer essential adjustment are the mammary glands and the bone; however, renal calcium conservation and calcium absorption from the intestine are also modified. Lactation leads to a transient loss of bone minerals to provide adequate amounts of minerals, including calcium for milk production. Physiological, metabolic, and molecular changes in different tissues participate in providing nutrients for milk production. After weaning, the histological, metabolic, and hormonal modifications that take place in lactation are reverted, and bone remineralization is a central function at this time. This study focuses on the hormonal, metabolic, molecular, and tissue modifications that occur in mammary glands, bone, intestine, and kidneys in the mother during lactation and post-weaning periods.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo Canul-Medina
- Unidad de Genética de la Nutrición, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México/Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Av. del Iman #1, 4th Floor, 04530, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Cristina Fernandez-Mejia
- Unidad de Genética de la Nutrición, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México/Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Av. del Iman #1, 4th Floor, 04530, Mexico City, Mexico.
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Considerations for Preterm Human Milk Feedings When Caring for Mothers Who Are Overweight or Obese. Adv Neonatal Care 2019; 19:361-370. [PMID: 31651470 DOI: 10.1097/anc.0000000000000650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mother's milk is the recommended source of nutrition for all newborns. Preterm infants may be further compromised by maternal factors that impede successful lactation and alter milk composition. PURPOSE To review and summarize the state of the science regarding implications of maternal overweight and obesity on successful lactation and associated alterations in preterm mother's milk composition. METHODS/SEARCH STRATEGY PubMed, EMBASE, and Web of Science searches were performed using relevant key words to identify references addressing maternal overweight or obesity, prematurity, human milk, and lactation. FINDINGS/RESULTS In the United States, more than half of women enter pregnancy with an overweight or obese body mass index. These women have increased risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes and obstetric complications that can undermine successful initiation and continuation of lactation, including preterm birth. Maternal overweight and obesity are also associated with alterations in mother's milk composition. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE Mother-preterm infant dyads affected by maternal overweight and obesity are at risk for barriers to initiation and continuation of lactation. Support for early initiation of milk expression is needed. Continued support, especially during the first weeks of lactation, can facilitate sustained milk production. IMPLICATIONS FOR RESEARCH Considerable knowledge gaps remain in this area of human milk science. Future research is needed to facilitate more comprehensive understanding of differences in milk composition associated with maternal overweight and obesity and their impact on clinical outcomes in the preterm infant.
Collapse
|
34
|
Petrullo L, Hinde K, Lu A. Steroid hormone concentrations in milk predict sex-specific offspring growth in a nonhuman primate. Am J Hum Biol 2019; 31:e23315. [PMID: 31468643 DOI: 10.1002/ajhb.23315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Revised: 07/09/2019] [Accepted: 08/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES In humans and other mammals, maternal hormones are transferred to offspring during lactation via milk and may regulate postnatal development, including the pace of early growth. Here, we used a nonhuman primate model to test the hypotheses that milk cortisol and dehydroepiandrosterone-sulfate (DHEAS) concentrations reflect maternal characteristics, and that changes in these hormones across lactation are associated with early postnatal growth rates. METHODS Demographic information, morphometrics, and milk samples were collected from rhesus macaque mothers and their infants at the California National Primate Research Center in Davis, California. Using linear models, we examined the relationship between maternal traits and milk hormone concentrations (N = 104 females) and explored the effect of milk hormones on the rate of offspring growth (N = 72 mother-infant dyads), controlling for available milk energy. RESULTS Contrary to previous studies, we found that milk cortisol concentrations were categorically higher in multiparous females than in primiparous females. However, milk DHEAS concentrations decreased with maternal parity. Neither milk cortisol nor DHEAS were related to maternal rank. Finally, changes in milk hormones predicted offspring growth in a sex-specific and temporal manner: increases in cortisol from peak to late lactation predicted faster female growth, and increases in DHEAS concentrations from early to peak and peak to late lactation predicted faster male growth. CONCLUSIONS Our findings shed light on how hormonal components of milk have sex-specific effects on offspring growth during early postnatal life with varying temporal windows of sensitivity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lauren Petrullo
- Interdepartmental Doctoral Program in Anthropological Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York
| | - Katie Hinde
- Center for Evolution and Medicine, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona.,School for Human Evolution and Social Change, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona.,Brain, Mind, and Behavior Unit, California National Primate Research Center, Davis, California
| | - Amy Lu
- Department of Anthropology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Hollanders JJ, Kouwenhoven SMP, van der Voorn B, van Goudoever JB, Rotteveel J, Finken MJJ. The Association between Breastmilk Glucocorticoid Concentrations and Macronutrient Contents Throughout the Day. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11020259. [PMID: 30682836 PMCID: PMC6412799 DOI: 10.3390/nu11020259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2018] [Revised: 01/11/2019] [Accepted: 01/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Glucocorticoids (GCs) in breastmilk follow the maternal hypothalamus–pituitary–adrenal axis activity and may affect the offspring’s growth and neurodevelopment. There is some evidence suggesting that macronutrients in breastmilk also fluctuate throughout the day. We aimed to research whether GCs and macronutrients are correlated in multiple breastmilk samples obtained over a 24-h period. Methods: A total of 10 mothers provided 45 breastmilk samples collected over a 24-h period. Cortisol and cortisone levels were determined by LC–MS/MS, and macronutrients were measured with mid-infrared spectroscopy. Correlations between breastmilk GCs and macronutrients were assessed with Pearson correlations and linear mixed models. Results: No associations were found between breastmilk GCs and macronutrients (cortisol: β-0.1 (95% confidence interval: −1.0 to 0.7), −4.9 (−12.9 to 3.1) for fat, protein, and carbohydrates, respectively; and −0.3 (−5.6 to 5.0) and cortisone: 0.0 (−2.5 to 2.5), −17.4 (−39.8 to 5.0), and −2.7 (−17.7 to 12.3)) for fat, protein, and carbohydrates, respectively. Adjusting for the time of collection to account for GC rhythmicity did not change the results. Conclusion: We found no associations between GCs and macronutrients in human breastmilk. The excretion of GCs in breastmilk and the effects of breastmilk GCs on offspring are, therefore, likely independent of the excretion and effects of the macronutrients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jonneke J Hollanders
- Room ZH 9 D 36, Department of Pediatrics, Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, P.O. Box 7057, 1007 MB Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Stefanie M P Kouwenhoven
- Room ZH 9 D 36, Department of Pediatrics, Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, P.O. Box 7057, 1007 MB Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Bibian van der Voorn
- Room ZH 9 D 36, Department of Pediatrics, Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, P.O. Box 7057, 1007 MB Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Sophia Children's Hospital, Erasmus MC, P.O. Box 2060, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Johannes B van Goudoever
- Room ZH 9 D 36, Department of Pediatrics, Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, P.O. Box 7057, 1007 MB Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Joost Rotteveel
- Room ZH 9 D 36, Department of Pediatrics, Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, P.O. Box 7057, 1007 MB Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Martijn J J Finken
- Room ZH 9 D 36, Department of Pediatrics, Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, P.O. Box 7057, 1007 MB Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Neurobiological characteristics underlying metabolic differences between males and females. Prog Neurobiol 2018; 176:18-32. [PMID: 30194984 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2018.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Revised: 08/22/2018] [Accepted: 09/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The hypothalamus is the main integrating center for metabolic control. Our understanding of how hypothalamic circuits function to control appetite and energy expenditure has increased dramatically in recent years, due to the rapid rise in the incidence of obesity and the search for effective treatments. Increasing evidence indicates that these treatments will most likely differ between males and females. Indeed, sex differences in metabolism have been demonstrated at various levels, including in two of the most studied neuronal populations involved in metabolic control: the anorexigenic proopiomelanocortin neurons and the orexigenic neuropeptide Y/Agouti-related protein neurons. Here we review what is known to date regarding the sex differences in these two neuronal populations, as well as other neuronal populations involved in metabolic control and glial cells.
Collapse
|
37
|
Ellsworth L, Harman E, Padmanabhan V, Gregg B. Lactational programming of glucose homeostasis: a window of opportunity. Reproduction 2018; 156:R23-R42. [PMID: 29752297 PMCID: PMC6668618 DOI: 10.1530/rep-17-0780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2017] [Accepted: 05/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The window of lactation is a critical period during which nutritional and environmental exposures impact lifelong metabolic disease risk. Significant organ and tissue development, organ expansion and maturation of cellular functions occur during the lactation period, making this a vulnerable time during which transient insults can have lasting effects. This review will cover current literature on factors influencing lactational programming such as milk composition, maternal health status and environmental endocrine disruptors. The underlying mechanisms that have the potential to contribute to lactational programming of glucose homeostasis will also be addressed, as well as potential interventions to reduce offspring metabolic disease risk.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lindsay Ellsworth
- Department of PediatricsUniversity of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Emma Harman
- Department of PediatricsUniversity of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | | | - Brigid Gregg
- Department of PediatricsUniversity of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| |
Collapse
|