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Hassan R, Ali M, Saha S, Akhter S, Amin MR. Geospatial variation in dietary patterns and their association with heart disease in Bangladeshi population: Evidence from a nationwide survey. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0307507. [PMID: 39024333 PMCID: PMC11257343 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0307507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Heart disease is a significant public health threat, and its burden is increasing worldwide. Recent evidence suggests that dietary pattern is a key modifiable factor for heart disease. Research regarding dietary patterns and heart disease in Bangladesh with their spatial variability is limited. In this study, the spatial variation and relationship between dietary patterns and heart disease among Bangladeshi people was investigated. The country-representative Household Income and Expenditure Survey 2016 dataset was used, and a total of 77,207 participants aged 30 years and over were included. A principal component analysis was conducted to derive the dietary patterns. Both statistical and spatial analyses were performed. The overall prevalence of heart disease was 3.6%, with a variation of 0.6% to 10.4% across districts of Bangladesh. Three major dietary patterns, named "festival pattern", "pickles and fast foods pattern", and "rice and vegetable pattern" were identified, accounting for 25.2% of the total dietary variance. Both the dietary pattern and heart disease rate varied across the region. A higher risk of heart disease was persistent in the western-south, southern, central, and eastern regions, as was greater adherence to the "festival pattern" and "pickles and fast foods pattern." After adjusting for confounders, participants with the highest adherence to the "rice and vegetable pattern" were associated with a lower likelihood of developing heart disease (AOR: 0.78, 95% CI: 0.64-0.95, p <0.05), while the highest adherence to the "pickles and fast foods pattern" was associated with a higher likelihood of developing heart disease (AOR: 1.50, 95% CI: 1.27-1.76, p <0.001). The spatial disparities in the prevalence of heart disease and dietary patterns underscore the significance of prioritizing intervention at the district level, especially in the western-south, southern, central, and eastern regions, to control the rising heart disease trends in Bangladesh.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafid Hassan
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Sciences, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh
- International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Masum Ali
- International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI), Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Sanjib Saha
- Department of Clinical Science (Malmö), Health Economics Unit, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Sadika Akhter
- International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka, Bangladesh
- Faculty of Health, School of Health and Social Development, Deakin University, Burwood, Australia
| | - Md. Ruhul Amin
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Sciences, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh
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Caffrey C, Leamy A, O’Sullivan E, Zabetakis I, Lordan R, Nasopoulou C. Cardiovascular Diseases and Marine Oils: A Focus on Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids and Polar Lipids. Mar Drugs 2023; 21:549. [PMID: 37999373 PMCID: PMC10672651 DOI: 10.3390/md21110549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/21/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) remain the leading cause of death across the globe, hence, establishing strategies to counteract CVD are imperative to reduce mortality and the burden on health systems. Dietary modification is an effective primary prevention strategy against CVD. Research regarding dietary supplementation has become increasingly popular. This review focuses on the current in vivo, in vitro, and epidemiological studies associated with that of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs) and polar lipids (PLs) and how they play a role against CVD. Furthermore, this review focuses on the results of several major clinical trials examining n-3 PUFAs regarding both primary and secondary prevention of CVD. Notably, we place a lens on the REDUCE-IT and STRENGTH trials. Finally, supplementation of PLs has recently been suggested as a potential alternative avenue for the reduction of CVD incidence versus neutral forms of n-3 PUFAs. However, the clinical evidence for this argument is currently rather limited. Therefore, we draw on the current literature to suggest future clinical trials for PL supplementation. We conclude that despite conflicting evidence, future human trials must be completed to confirm whether PL supplementation may be more effective than n-3 PUFA supplementation to reduce cardiovascular risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cliodhna Caffrey
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Limerick, V94 T9PX Limerick, Ireland; (C.C.); (A.L.); (E.O.); (I.Z.)
| | - Anna Leamy
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Limerick, V94 T9PX Limerick, Ireland; (C.C.); (A.L.); (E.O.); (I.Z.)
| | - Ellen O’Sullivan
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Limerick, V94 T9PX Limerick, Ireland; (C.C.); (A.L.); (E.O.); (I.Z.)
| | - Ioannis Zabetakis
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Limerick, V94 T9PX Limerick, Ireland; (C.C.); (A.L.); (E.O.); (I.Z.)
- Health Research Institute (HRI), University of Limerick, V94 T9PX Limerick, Ireland
- Bernal Institute, University of Limerick, V94 T9PX Limerick, Ireland
| | - Ronan Lordan
- Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA;
- Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Constantina Nasopoulou
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry—Technology and Quality of Food of Animal Origin, Department of Food Science and Nutrition, University of the Aegean, 814 00 Lemnos, Greece
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Gohil NV, Tanveer N, Makkena VK, Jaramillo AP, Awosusi BL, Ayyub J, Dabhi KN, Nath TS. Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and Its Association With Left Ventricular Diastolic Dysfunction: A Systematic Review. Cureus 2023; 15:e43013. [PMID: 37674936 PMCID: PMC10477932 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.43013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The commonest cause of hepatic illness globally is non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). This multisystemic disease affects extrahepatic organs, including the heart. It causes cardiac remodeling and a disruption of the systolic and diastolic functioning of the left ventricle. Numerous studies have investigated the connection between NAFLD and left ventricular diastolic dysfunction (LVDD). The results, nevertheless, are often contradictory. This systematic review looked at the relationship between NAFLD and LVDD generally and among different patient groups since it is a topic of interest. A thorough search approach was used to locate relevant publications published between 2003 and 2023 using major medical databases. Studies were chosen based on the pre-established eligibility criteria; the studies selected then underwent a critical evaluation using standardized quality assessment tools. For the systematic review, 13 articles were chosen, comprising nine cross-sectional studies, three narrative reviews, and one meta-analysis. There were a total of 13,341 NAFLD patients in these studies. Data extraction and qualitative synthesis from the selected research articles were conducted to determine the relationship between NAFLD and LVDD in various patient categories. We found a significant association between NAFLD and LVDD. Therefore, patients with NAFLD should be treated early to avoid complications since they are more likely to develop cardiac dysfunction in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Namra V Gohil
- Internal Medicine, Medical College Baroda, Vadodara, IND
- Internal Medicine, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, Fairfield, USA
| | - Nida Tanveer
- Internal Medicine, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, Fairfield, USA
- Internal Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, USA
| | - Vijaya Krishna Makkena
- Internal Medicine, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, Fairfield, USA
- Medicine, Osmania Medical College, Hyderabad, IND
| | - Arturo P Jaramillo
- General Practice, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, Fairfield, USA
| | - Babatope L Awosusi
- Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, Fairfield, USA
| | - Javaria Ayyub
- Internal Medicine, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, Fairfield, USA
| | - Karan Nareshbhai Dabhi
- Internal Medicine, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, Fairfield, USA
| | - Tuheen Sankar Nath
- Surgical Oncology, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, Fairfield, USA
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Salari N, Moradi S, Bagheri R, Talebi S, Wong A, Babavaisi B, Kermani MAH, Hemati N. Daytime napping and coronary heart disease risk in adults: a systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis. Sleep Breath 2023; 27:1255-1267. [PMID: 36480117 DOI: 10.1007/s11325-022-02759-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Revised: 11/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The present study investigated the association between daytime napping and coronary heart disease (CHD) risk among adults. METHODS Articles were detected by using PubMed, ISI Web of Science, and Scopus databases until November 8th, 2021. The relevant data were found among the eight included articles and were pooled for meta-analysis in adult participants via a random-effects model. RESULTS Among 167,025 adults, the results revealed that daytime napping was associated with an enhanced risk of CHD (risk ratios [RR] = 1.30; 95% CI: 1.06, 1.60; p < 0.001). Subgroup analysis by daytime napping duration also indicated that daytime napping for at least 1 h had three times higher influence on the enhanced risk of CHD (RR = 1.34; 95% CI: 1.14, 1.58; p < 0.001) than that of daytime napping for less than 1 h (RR = 1.10; 95% CI: 1.02, 1.19; p = 0.014). In addition, subgroup analysis by region illustrated that daytime napping was linked with an enhanced risk of CHD in Chinese (RR = 1.41; 95% CI: 1.19, 1.66; p < 0.001), but not in European or American populations. Furthermore, the subgroup analysis of napping duration and risk of CHD suggested that their relation was significant just in those studies that controlled for depressive symptoms (RR = 1.52; 95% CI: 1.29, 1.80; p < 0.001, n = 3) and night sleep duration (RR = 1.42; 95% CI: 1.21, 1.66; p < 0.001, n = 5). The linear dose-response meta-analysis revealed that each 15-min increase in daytime napping was related with a 5% higher risk of CHD (RR = 1.05; 95% CI: 1.02, 1.08; I2 = 58.7%; p < 0.001). Furthermore, nonlinear dose-response meta-analysis revealed a positive linear relationship between daytime napping and CHD risk in adults (p nonlinearity = 0.484, p dose-response = 0.003). CONCLUSION Results showed that daytime napping was related with an increased risk of CHD in adults. The evidence from this study suggests that the public should be made conscious of the adverse outcomes of long daytime napping for CHD, notably among the Chinese population. Additional studies are required to confirm potential links between CHD risk and daytime napping.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nader Salari
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Health, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Sajjad Moradi
- Nutritional Sciences Department, School of Nutritional Sciences and Food Technology, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Reza Bagheri
- Department of Exercise Physiology, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Sepide Talebi
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutritional Science, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alexei Wong
- Department of Health and Human Performance, Marymount University, Arlington, VA, USA
| | - Basir Babavaisi
- Internal Medicine Department, School of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Mohammad Ali Hojjati Kermani
- Clinical Tuberculosis and Epidemiology Research Center, National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (NRITLD), Masih Daneshvari Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Niloofar Hemati
- Internal Medicine Department, School of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.
- Sleep Disorders Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.
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Abate V, Vergatti A, Fiore A, Forte A, Attanasio A, Altavilla N, De Filippo G, Rendina D, D Elia L. Low Potassium Intake: A Common Risk Factor for Nephrolithiasis in Patients with High Blood Pressure. High Blood Press Cardiovasc Prev 2023:10.1007/s40292-023-00587-0. [PMID: 37330455 PMCID: PMC10403441 DOI: 10.1007/s40292-023-00587-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypertension (Htn) is a crucial cause of cardio-vascular and chronic kidney disease. Moreover, it is an independent risk factor for nephrolithiasis (NL). A diet rich in vegetables and fruits is indicated for both Htn and NL prevention, and the 24-h urinary potassium excretion can be used as a warning light for adherence. The aim of this study is to demonstrate the association between urinary potassium excretion and recurrent nephrolithiasis among patients affected by Htn. We have analyzed medical records of 119 patients affected by Htn and NL (SF-Hs) referring to Bone and Mineral Metabolism laboratory and 119 patients affected by Htn but without NL (nSF-Hs) referring to Hypertension and Organ Damage Hypertension related laboratory, both in Federico II University of Naples. The potassium 24-h urinary levels in SF-Hs were significantly lower compared to nSF-Hs. This difference was confirmed by the multivariable linear regression analysis in the unadjusted model and adjusted model for age, gender, metabolic syndrome, and body mass index. In conclusion, a higher potassium urinary excretion in 24-h is a protective factor against NL in patients affected by Htn and dietary interventions can be considered for kidney protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Abate
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University Federico II, Naples, Via Sergio Pansini, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Anita Vergatti
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University Federico II, Naples, Via Sergio Pansini, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Antonella Fiore
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University Federico II, Naples, Via Sergio Pansini, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Angelo Forte
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University Federico II, Naples, Via Sergio Pansini, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Alessia Attanasio
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University Federico II, Naples, Via Sergio Pansini, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Nadia Altavilla
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University Federico II, Naples, Via Sergio Pansini, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Gianpaolo De Filippo
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Robert-Debré, Service d'Endocrinologie-Diabétologie, 75019, Paris, France
| | - Domenico Rendina
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University Federico II, Naples, Via Sergio Pansini, 80131, Naples, Italy.
| | - Lanfranco D Elia
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University Federico II, Naples, Via Sergio Pansini, 80131, Naples, Italy
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Momiyama Y, Kishimoto Y, Saita E, Aoyama M, Ohmori R, Kondo K. Association between the Japanese Diet and Coronary Artery Disease in Patients Undergoing Coronary Angiography. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15102406. [PMID: 37242289 DOI: 10.3390/nu15102406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Revised: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Several cohort studies have reported that the Japanese diet is associated with reduced cardiovascular disease mortality. However, the results were not always consistent, and most of those studies conducted dietary surveys around 1990. We investigated the association between the Japanese diet and coronary artery disease (CAD) in 802 patients undergoing coronary angiography. The Japanese diet score was defined as the sum of scores of the intakes of fish, soy products, vegetables, seaweed, fruits, and green tea. CAD was found in 511 patients, of whom 173 had myocardial infarction (MI). Intakes of fish, soy products, vegetables, seaweed, fruits, and green tea were lower in patients with CAD, especially in those with MI, than in those without CAD. As a result, the Japanese diet score was significantly lower in patients with CAD than in those without CAD (p < 0.001). To clarify the association between the Japanese diet and CAD, the 802 study patients were divided into three tertiles by the Japanese diet score. The proportion of CAD decreased with the Japanese diet score, reaching 72% in patients at T1 (lowest score), 63% at T2, and 55% at T3 (highest) (p < 0.05). The proportion of MI also decreased with the Japanese diet score, reaching 25% at T1, 24% at T2, and 15% at T3 (p < 0.05). In a multivariate analysis, compared with T1, the adjusted odds ratios for CAD and MI were 0.41 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.26-0.63) and 0.61 (95% CI: 0.38-0.99) for T3, respectively. Thus, the Japanese diet was found to be inversely associated with CAD in Japanese patients undergoing coronary angiography.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukihiko Momiyama
- Department of Cardiology, National Hospital Organization Tokyo Medical Center, 2-5-1 Higashigaoka, Tokyo 152-8902, Japan
| | - Yoshimi Kishimoto
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Faculty of Agriculture, Setsunan University, Osaka 573-0101, Japan
| | - Emi Saita
- Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | - Masayuki Aoyama
- Department of Cardiology, National Hospital Organization Tokyo Medical Center, 2-5-1 Higashigaoka, Tokyo 152-8902, Japan
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Toho University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo 143-8540, Japan
| | - Reiko Ohmori
- Faculty of Regional Design, Utsunomiya University, Tochigi 321-8505, Japan
| | - Kazuo Kondo
- Ochanomizu University, Tokyo 112-8610, Japan
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Ye X, Xiong Z, Li J, Lin Y, Xie P, Zhong X, Huang R, Zhuang X, Liao X. Changes in Cardiovascular Health during Young Adulthood and Subclinical Atherosclerosis in Middle Age: The CARDIA Study. Glob Heart 2023; 18:14. [PMID: 36936251 PMCID: PMC10022532 DOI: 10.5334/gh.1179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 03/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and aims The benefits of reaching ideal cardiovascular health (CVH) are well known, but it is unclear whether positive CVH changes from young adulthood to middle age reduce subclinical atherosclerosis risk. This study examined associations of changes in CVH from young adulthood to middle age and CVH in young adulthood with subclinical atherosclerosis. Methods Data was analyzed from the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) study. CVH was examined at years 0 and 20 using Life Simple 7 metrics from AHA guideline. Coronary artery calcium (CAC) was identified at years 20 and 25. Carotid intima-media thickness (IMT) was identified at year 20. Results Among 2,935 participants (56.2% women, 46.7% black), the change of CVH score was -1.26 (2.13). For per 1-unit increase in CVH at baseline, the adjusted odds ratios (ORs) of presence of CAC and IMT were 0.81 (95% CI 0.78, 0.86) and 0.85 (95% CI 0.76, 0.94), respectively. For per 1-unit increase in CVH changes, the adjusted ORs of CAC and IMT were 0.86 (95% CI 0.82, 0.90) and 0.81 (95% CI 0.73, 0.90). Compared with stable moderate CVH, improvement from moderate to high was associated with a lower risk of CAC (0.64 [95% CI 0.43, 0.96]), while retrogression from moderate to low was associated with a higher risk of CAC (1.45 [95% CI 1.19, 1.76]). Conclusions Positive changes of CVH during young adulthood are associated with negative subclinical atherosclerosis risk in middle age, indicating the importance of reaching an ideal cardiovascular health status through young adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomin Ye
- The First affiliated hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, CN
- NHC Key Laboratory of Assisted Circulation, Sun Yat-sen University, CN
| | - Zhenyu Xiong
- The First affiliated hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, CN
- NHC Key Laboratory of Assisted Circulation, Sun Yat-sen University, CN
| | - Jiaying Li
- Guangdong Provincial Geriatrics Institute, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, CN
| | - Yifen Lin
- The First affiliated hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, CN
- NHC Key Laboratory of Assisted Circulation, Sun Yat-sen University, CN
| | - Peihan Xie
- The First affiliated hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, CN
- NHC Key Laboratory of Assisted Circulation, Sun Yat-sen University, CN
| | - Xiangbin Zhong
- The First affiliated hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, CN
- NHC Key Laboratory of Assisted Circulation, Sun Yat-sen University, CN
| | - Rihua Huang
- The First affiliated hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, CN
- NHC Key Laboratory of Assisted Circulation, Sun Yat-sen University, CN
| | - Xiaodong Zhuang
- The First affiliated hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, CN
- NHC Key Laboratory of Assisted Circulation, Sun Yat-sen University, CN
| | - Xinxue Liao
- The First affiliated hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, CN
- NHC Key Laboratory of Assisted Circulation, Sun Yat-sen University, CN
- Center for Information Technology & Statistics, the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, CN
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The Regulatory Effect of Phytochemicals on Chronic Diseases by Targeting Nrf2-ARE Signaling Pathway. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12020236. [PMID: 36829795 PMCID: PMC9952802 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12020236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 01/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Redox balance is essential to maintain the body's normal metabolism. Once disrupted, it may lead to various chronic diseases, such as diabetes, neurodegenerative diseases, cardiovascular diseases, inflammatory diseases, cancer, aging, etc. Oxidative stress can cause or aggravate a series of pathological processes. Inhibition of oxidative stress and related pathological processes can help to ameliorate these chronic diseases, which have been found to be associated with Nrf2 activation. Nrf2 activation can not only regulate the expression of a series of antioxidant genes that reduce oxidative stress and its damage, but also directly regulate genes related to the above-mentioned pathological processes to counter the corresponding changes. Therefore, targeting Nrf2 has great potential for the prevention or treatment of chronic diseases, and many natural phytochemicals have been reported as Nrf2 activators although the defined mechanisms remain to be elucidated. This review article focuses on the possible mechanism of Nrf2 activation by natural phytochemicals in the prevention or treatment of chronic diseases and the regulation of oxidative stress. Moreover, the current clinical trials of phytochemical-originated drug discovery by targeting the Nrf2-ARE pathway were also summarized; the outcomes or the relationship between phytochemicals and chronic diseases prevention are finally analyzed to propose the future research strategies and prospective.
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Ha AW, Kim WK, Kim SH. Cow's Milk Intake and Risk of Coronary Heart Disease in Korean Postmenopausal Women. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14051092. [PMID: 35268066 PMCID: PMC8912618 DOI: 10.3390/nu14051092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Revised: 02/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Numerous studies have reported conflicting results associated with cow’s milk intake and coronary heart disease (CHD). However, studies involving postmenopausal women are very limited. This study was therefore undertaken to identify the relationship between cow’s milk intake and CHD risk in postmenopausal women, using data from the 6th period of the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2013−2015). A total of 1825 postmenopausal women, aged 50−64 years old, were included in the final analysis. The frequency of cow’s milk consumption for each subject was determined using the semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire, and was classified into four groups (Q1−Q4): Q1, group that did not drink milk (no milk, n = 666); Q2, 0 < frequency of milk intake per week ≤ 1 (n = 453); Q3, 1 < frequency of milk intake per week ≤ 3 (n = 319); and Q4, frequency of milk intake >3 times per week (n = 387). General characteristics, such as education, living area, household income, and obesity level, were compared between the four groups. Percentages of daily nutrient intake compared to the dietary reference intake for Koreans (KDRIs) were determined, and the Framingham Risk Score (FRS), atherogenic index (AI), and atherogenic index of plasma (AIP) were determined as the CHD risk indicators. Except household income, no significant difference was obtained among the four groups with respect to age, education, living area, or obesity. Compared to KDRIs, the intake ratio of calcium, phosphorus, and riboflavin were significantly higher in the Q4 group than in the Q1−Q3 groups. Blood HDL-cholesterol was significantly higher in Q4 than in Q1. The CHD risk factors FRS (%), AI, and AIP were significantly lower in the Q4 group as compared to the other groups (CHD risk (%): Q1 9.4, Q4 8.5; AI: Q1 3.06, Q4 2.83; API: Q1 0.37, Q2 0.31, Q4 0.32). FRS was determined to be significantly and positively correlated to AI or AIP, and negatively correlated with the cow’s milk intake frequency and calcium intake. In conclusion, compared to women who do not consume cow’s milk, postmenopausal women who consume cow’s milk frequently have a better nutritional status of calcium, phosphorus, and vitamin B12, higher HDL levels, and a lower level of CHD risk indicators, such as FRS, AI, and AIP, contributing to decreased CHD risk in a 10-year period. Therefore, to prevent the risk of CHD in postmenopausal women, there needs to be a greater emphasis for cow’s milk consumption four or more times per week.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ae-Wha Ha
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Natural Science, Dankook University, Cheonan City 31116, Chungcheongnam-do, Korea; (A.-W.H.); (W.-K.K.)
| | - Woo-Kyoung Kim
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Natural Science, Dankook University, Cheonan City 31116, Chungcheongnam-do, Korea; (A.-W.H.); (W.-K.K.)
| | - Sun-Hyo Kim
- Department of Technology and Home Economics Education, Kongju National University, Gongju City 32588, Chungcheongnam-do, Korea
- Correspondence:
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Geraldo R, Santos CS, Pinto E, Vasconcelos MW. Widening the Perspectives for Legume Consumption: The Case of Bioactive Non-nutrients. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:772054. [PMID: 35222459 PMCID: PMC8866194 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.772054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Legume grains have provided essential nutrients in human diets for centuries, being excellent sources of proteins, carbohydrates, fatty acids, and fibers. They also contain several non-nutrients that historically have been connotated as toxic but that in recent years have been shown to have interesting bioactive properties. The discussion on the role of bioactive non-nutrients is becoming more important due to increasing science-based evidence on their potential antioxidant, hypoglycemic, hypolipidemic, and anticarcinogenic properties. At a time when legume-based products consumption is being strongly promoted by national governments and health authorities, there is a need to clearly define the recommended levels of such non-nutrients in human diets. However, there is insufficient data determining the ideal amount of non-nutrients in legume grains, which will exert the most positive health benefits. This is aligned with insufficient studies that clearly demonstrate if the positive health effects are due to the presence of specific non-nutrients or a result of a dietary balance. In fact, rather than looking directly at the individual food components, most nutritional epidemiology studies relate disease risk with the food and dietary patterns. The purpose of this perspective paper is to explore different types of non-nutrients present in legume grains, discuss the current evidence on their health benefits, and provide awareness for the need for more studies to define a recommended amount of each compound to identify the best approaches, either to enhance or reduce their levels.
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Gorgulho B, Alves MA, Teixeira JA, Santos RO, de Matos SA, Bittencourt MS, Benseñor I, Lotufo P, Marchioni DM. Dietary patterns associated with subclinical atherosclerosis: a cross-sectional analysis of the Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Adult Health (ELSA-Brasil) study. Public Health Nutr 2021; 24:5006-5014. [PMID: 33413712 PMCID: PMC11082815 DOI: 10.1017/s1368980020005340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2020] [Revised: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To identify dietary patterns associated with subclinical atherosclerosis measured as coronary artery calcification (CAC). DESIGN Cross-sectional analysis of data from the Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Adult Health. Dietary data were assessed using a FFQ, and a principal component factor analysis was used to derive the dietary patterns. Scree plot, eigenvalues > 1 and interpretability were considered to retain the factors. CAC was measured using a computed tomography scanner and an electrocardiography-gated prospective Ca score examination and was categorised into three groups based on the CAC score: 0, 1-100 and >100 Agatston units. Multinomial regression models were conducted for dietary patterns and CAC severity categories. SETTING Brazil, São Paulo, 2008-2010. PARTICIPANTS Active and retired civil servants who lived in São Paulo and underwent a CAC exam were included (n 4025). RESULTS Around 10 % of participants (294 men, 97 women) had a detectable CAC (>0), 6·5 % (182 men, 73 women) had a CAC of 1-100 and 3·5 % (110 men, 23 women) had a CAC > 100. Three dietary patterns were identified: convenience food, which was positively associated with atherosclerotic calcification; plant-based and dairy food, which showed no association with CAC; and the traditional Brazilian food pattern (rice, legumes and meats), which was inversely associated with atherosclerotic calcification. CONCLUSIONS Our results showed that a dietary pattern consisting of traditional Brazilian foods could be important to reducing the risk of atherosclerotic calcification and prevent future cardiovascular events, whereas a convenience dietary pattern was positively associated with this outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bartira Gorgulho
- Department of Food and Nutrition, School of Nutrition, Federal University of Mato Grosso, Cuiabá, MT, Brazil
| | - Mariane A Alves
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, University of São Paulo, Av. Dr. Arnaldo, 715 – Cerqueira César, São Paulo – SP, CEP 01246-904, Brazil
| | - Juliana A Teixeira
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, University of São Paulo, Av. Dr. Arnaldo, 715 – Cerqueira César, São Paulo – SP, CEP 01246-904, Brazil
| | - Roberta O Santos
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, University of São Paulo, Av. Dr. Arnaldo, 715 – Cerqueira César, São Paulo – SP, CEP 01246-904, Brazil
| | | | - Marcio Sommer Bittencourt
- Center for Clinical and Epidemiological Research, University Hospital, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Isabela Benseñor
- Center for Clinical and Epidemiological Research, University Hospital, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Paulo Lotufo
- Center for Clinical and Epidemiological Research, University Hospital, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Dirce Maria Marchioni
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, University of São Paulo, Av. Dr. Arnaldo, 715 – Cerqueira César, São Paulo – SP, CEP 01246-904, Brazil
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AKINDELE AKINWUMIOYEWOLE, ADEBAYO AYODEJIMATTHEW. Social connectedness and health risk behaviours among in-school adolescents in urban and rural areas of Oyo State, Nigeria. JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE AND HYGIENE 2021; 62:E689-E703. [PMID: 34909497 PMCID: PMC8639121 DOI: 10.15167/2421-4248/jpmh2021.62.3.2107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Adolescents are considered vulnerable due to their ability to venture into Health Risk Behaviours (HRBs) that may have a long-term detrimental effect on their total wellbeing. The major focus of previous adolescents' studies in Nigeria has been on parent-adolescent communication and the relationship it has with their academic performance and sexual behaviour; none has explored the association of social connectedness and HRBs among in-school adolescents. Thus, the aim of this study is to assess and compare social connectedness and HRBs among in-school adolescents in urban and rural areas of Oyo State. A school-based comparative cross-sectional design was employed wherein 2071 in-school adolescents were selected via a multistage cluster sampling in Ibarapa Central and Ibadan North Local Government Areas (LGAs) of Oyo State. The independent variables were socio-demographic characteristics, family characteristics and social connectedness while the dependent variable was HRBs. The data was analysed using descriptive statistics, chi square, t-test, ANOVA and logistic regression with level of statistical significance set at 5%. Overall, slightly over one-half of the respondents (51.9%) were from the urban LGA and 54.2% were females. The mean age of respondents was 13.7 ± 2.1 years and 46.7% were early adolescents aged 10-13 years. The prevalence of HRBs among in-school adolescents was high (91.8%) and the mean score of social connectedness among in-school adolescents was high, with a slightly higher mean in rural area (131.71 ± 16.43) compared to (131.04 ± 14.47) in urban area. However, this was not statistically significant (p = 0.322). The mean scores of the domains of religious connectedness (p = 0.176), school connectedness (p < 0.001), peer connectedness (p < 0.001) and social-media connectedness (p = 0.003) were higher in the rural areas. However, the mean score of family connectedness among respondents was higher in the urban area (p < 0.001). The odds of having engaged in HRBs were significantly 1.57 times more likely among respondents who were males than those who were females {AOR = 1.57, 95% CI: 1.12-2.19}. The odds of having engaged in HRBs was significantly 1.44 times more likely among respondents who live in an urban area than among those who live in a rural area {AOR = 1.44, 95% CI: 1.03-2.01}. For a unit increase in the total score of social-media connectedness of the students, the odds of having engaged in HRBs was reduced by 0.95 {AOR = 0.95, 95% CI: 0.92-0.99}. There were significantly lower mean scores for social connectedness among respondents who had engaged in HRBs compared to their counterpart who had not engaged in HRBs. Therefore, various efforts targeted at improving social connectedness with its domains could be recommended to prevent in-school adolescents from engaging in HRBs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - AYODEJI MATTHEW ADEBAYO
- Department of Community Medicine, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria
- Department of Community Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
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Chemical composition and biological activities of aqueous extracts and their sulfated derivatives of pea peel (Pisum sativum L.). BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2021.102077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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14
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Abaj F, Koohdani F, Rafiee M, Alvandi E, Yekaninejad MS, Mirzaei K. Interactions between Caveolin-1 (rs3807992) polymorphism and major dietary patterns on cardio-metabolic risk factors among obese and overweight women. BMC Endocr Disord 2021; 21:138. [PMID: 34210318 PMCID: PMC8247154 DOI: 10.1186/s12902-021-00800-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Caveolin-1 (CAV-1) is a cholesterol-dependent essential component located in caveolae. Several studies have been CAV-1 related to cardio-metabolic parameters in animal models, however, there are few studies in humans. Importantly, there is no study has investigated the interaction between CAV-1 rs3807992 gene and dietary patterns (DPs) on cardio-metabolic risk factors. METHODS The current cross-sectional study was conducted on 404 overweight and obese women. Dietary intake was obtained from FFQ with 147 items. The CAV-1 genotype was measured by the PCR-RFLP method. The anthropometric measurements, serum lipid profile, and inflammatory markers were measured by standard protocols. RESULTS There was a significant interaction between CAV-1 rs3807992 and healthy DP on high-density cholesterol (HDL) (P-interaction = 0.03), TC/HDL (P-interaction = 0.03) and high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) (P-interaction = 0.04); in A-allele carriers, higher following a healthy DP was related to a higher level of HDL and lower TC/HDL and hs-CRP. As well as, the significant interactions were observed between CAV-1 rs3807992 and unhealthy DP in relation to triglyceride (TG) (P-interaction = 0.001), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) (P-interaction = 0.01) and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1(MCP-1) (P-interaction = 0.01); A-allele carriers were more following the unhealthy DP had lower levels of TG, AST and MCP-1. CONCLUSIONS Our study revealed a significant gene-diet interaction between rs3807992 SNPs and DPs in relation to cardio-metabolic risk factors; A-allele carriers might be more sensitive to dietary composition compared to GG homozygotes. Following a healthy DP in A-allele-carriers may be improved their genetic association with cardio-metabolic risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faezeh Abaj
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Fariba Koohdani
- Department of Cellular, Molecular Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Masoumeh Rafiee
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Isfahan, Iran
| | - Ehsan Alvandi
- School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, NSW 2560, Australia
| | - Mir Saeed Yekaninejad
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Khadijeh Mirzaei
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
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Alencar SADS, Kiefer C, Nascimento KMRDS, Viana LH, Corassa A, Gomes MDNB, Marçal DA, Farias TVA. Dietary soybean oil modulates fatty acid composition of pork. Trop Anim Health Prod 2021; 53:357. [PMID: 34114089 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-021-02804-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
This study was conducted to evaluate the impact of soybean oil level on performance and fatty acid profile of backfat and longissimus lumborum muscle of gilts. Forty-eight gilts with an initial weight of 21.75 ± 0.138 kg and final weight of 98.65 ± 2.106 kg were subjected to one of the following six dietary soybean oil inclusions (0.00, 1.086, 2.173, 3.259, 4.345, and 5.432%). Experimental design was completely randomized block with six treatments and four replicates of two animals each. Lipid profile of backfat and longissimus lumborum muscle was analyzed by gas chromatography. Increasing dietary soybean oil levels did not influence final weight, daily weight gain, and feed intake (P > 0.05) but improved feed to gain ratio (P < 0.05). The inclusion of soybean oil modified the lipid profile of backfat and muscle, reduced saturated and monounsaturated fatty acids, and increased polyunsaturated fatty acids concentration, mainly linoleic and α-linolenic acids (P < 0.05). Increasing dietary soybean oil inclusion decreased atherogenic and thrombogenic indexes, and the omega-6:omega-3 ratio of the backfat and longissimus lumborum muscle (P < 0.05). The level of soybean oil in swine diets influenced backfat and longissimus lumborum lipid profile.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Charles Kiefer
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Federal University of Mato Grosso Do Sul, Campo Grande, MS, Brazil
| | | | - Luiz Henrique Viana
- Chemistry Institute, Federal University of Mato Grosso Do Sul, Campo Grande, MS, Brazil
| | - Anderson Corassa
- Sinop Campus, Federal University of Mato Grosso, Sinop, MT, Brazil
| | - Marina de Nadai Bonin Gomes
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Federal University of Mato Grosso Do Sul, Campo Grande, MS, Brazil
| | - Danilo Alves Marçal
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Federal University of Mato Grosso Do Sul, Campo Grande, MS, Brazil
| | - Taynah Vieira Aguiar Farias
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Federal University of Mato Grosso Do Sul, Campo Grande, MS, Brazil
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Nabrdalik K, Krzyżak K, Hajzler W, Drożdż K, Kwiendacz H, Gumprecht J, Lip GYH. Fat, Sugar or Gut Microbiota in Reducing Cardiometabolic Risk: Does Diet Type Really Matter? Nutrients 2021; 13:639. [PMID: 33669342 PMCID: PMC7920316 DOI: 10.3390/nu13020639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Revised: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The incidence of cardiometabolic diseases, such as obesity, diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases, is constantly rising. Successful lifestyle changes may limit their incidence, which is why researchers focus on the role of nutrition in this context. The outcomes of studies carried out in past decades have influenced dietary guidelines, which primarily recommend reducing saturated fat as a therapeutic approach for cardiovascular disease prevention, while limiting the role of sugar due to its harmful effects. On the other hand, a low-carbohydrate diet (LCD) as a method of treatment remains controversial. A number of studies on the effect of LCDs on patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus proved that it is a safe and effective method of dietary management. As for the risk of cardiovascular diseases, the source of carbohydrates and fats corresponds with the mortality rate and protective effect of plant-derived components. Additionally, some recent studies have focused on the gut microbiota in relation to cardiometabolic diseases and diet as one of the leading factors affecting microbiota composition. Unfortunately, there is still no precise answer to the question of which a single nutrient plays the most important role in reducing cardiometabolic risk, and this review article presents the current state of the knowledge in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Nabrdalik
- Liverpool Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Liverpool and Liverpool Heart & Chest Hospital, Liverpool L14 3PE, UK;
- Department of Internal Medicine, Diabetology and Nephrology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, 40-055 Katowice, Poland; (K.D.); (H.K.); (J.G.)
| | - Katarzyna Krzyżak
- Students’ Scientific Association by the Department of Internal Medicine, Diabetology and Nephrology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, 40-055 Katowice, Poland; (K.K.); (W.H.)
| | - Weronika Hajzler
- Students’ Scientific Association by the Department of Internal Medicine, Diabetology and Nephrology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, 40-055 Katowice, Poland; (K.K.); (W.H.)
| | - Karolina Drożdż
- Department of Internal Medicine, Diabetology and Nephrology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, 40-055 Katowice, Poland; (K.D.); (H.K.); (J.G.)
| | - Hanna Kwiendacz
- Department of Internal Medicine, Diabetology and Nephrology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, 40-055 Katowice, Poland; (K.D.); (H.K.); (J.G.)
| | - Janusz Gumprecht
- Department of Internal Medicine, Diabetology and Nephrology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, 40-055 Katowice, Poland; (K.D.); (H.K.); (J.G.)
| | - Gregory Y. H. Lip
- Liverpool Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Liverpool and Liverpool Heart & Chest Hospital, Liverpool L14 3PE, UK;
- Department of Internal Medicine, Diabetology and Nephrology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, 40-055 Katowice, Poland; (K.D.); (H.K.); (J.G.)
- Aalborg Thrombosis Research Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, 9100 Aalborg, Denmark
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Giannopoulos S, Armstrong EJ. Medical therapy for cardiovascular and limb-related risk reduction in critical limb ischemia. Vasc Med 2021; 26:210-224. [PMID: 33587692 DOI: 10.1177/1358863x20987612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Critical limb ischemia (CLI) constitutes the most advanced form of peripheral artery disease (PAD) and is characterized by ischemic rest pain, tissue loss and/or gangrene. Optimized medical care and risk factor modification in addition to revascularization could reduce the incidence of cardiovascular events and major adverse limb events, improving patients' quality of life and promising higher survival rates. Adequate adherence to cardioprotective medications, including antithrombotic therapy (e.g., antiplatelets, anticoagulants), cholesterol-lowering agents (e.g., statins, proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) inhibitors), angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors or angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs), and smoking cessation should be strongly encouraged for patients with CLI. This review examines these guideline-recommended therapies in terms of cardiovascular and limb-related risk reduction in patients with CLI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanos Giannopoulos
- Division of Cardiology, Rocky Mountain Regional VA Medical Center, University of Colorado, Denver, CO, USA
| | - Ehrin J Armstrong
- Division of Cardiology, Rocky Mountain Regional VA Medical Center, University of Colorado, Denver, CO, USA
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Dawczynski C. A Study Protocol for a Parallel-Designed Trial Evaluating the Impact of Plant-Based Diets in Comparison to Animal-Based Diets on Health Status and Prevention of Non-communicable Diseases-The Nutritional Evaluation (NuEva) Study. Front Nutr 2021; 7:608854. [PMID: 33604351 PMCID: PMC7884345 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2020.608854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Aims: Currently, there is a continuing upward trend for plant-based lifestyles in Germany and Europe. The implementation of vegetarian and vegan lifestyles is characterized by omitting defined food groups such as fish, meat, sausage (vegetarians), or dairy products and honey (vegans). This carries the risk of an undersupply of valuable nutrients. The NuEva study is designed to examine this hypothesis and to evaluate the impact of plant-based diets on health status and disease risk. Methods: The NuEva study is a parallel-designed trial with at least 55 participants for each diet (vegetarian, vegan, flexitarian [rare meat/sausage consumption, once or twice per week]), and participants who consume a traditional Western diet as the control group. In the screening period critical nutrients are identified for the studied diets by analysis of a broad spectrum of nutrients in the human samples (fatty acids, vitamins, minerals, trace elements, nutrient metabolites). Results: Based on the data from the screening period, defined menu plans, ensuring an adequate nutrient intake in accordance with the nutritional guidelines are prepared for each group. The plans are adapted and personalized to individual energy requirements based on the basal metabolic rate and physical activity level. The compliance with the NuEva concept and their impact on nutrient status and cardiovascular risk factors are validated during the intervention period of the NuEva study over 1 year. To investigate the impact of the studied diets on the microbiome, feces samples are collected at the beginning and after the 12 months intervention period (follow up: 12 months). Conclusion: The NuEva study is designed to investigate the impact of common diets on health and disease status, with focus on prevention of cardiovascular diseases. In addition, the effectiveness of the prepared nutritional coaching strategy, ensuring optimal nutrient intake in accordance with the guidelines, is validated during the intervention period of the NuEva study. Clinical Trial Registration: Registered under ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier no. NCT03582020.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Dawczynski
- Junior Research Group Nutritional Concepts, Institute of Nutritional Science, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany.,Competence Cluster for Nutrition and Cardiovascular Health (nutriCARD), Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
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Blondin SA, Cash SB, Griffin TS, Goldberg JP, Economos CD. Meatless Monday National School Meal Program Evaluation: Impact on Nutrition, Cost, and Sustainability. JOURNAL OF HUNGER & ENVIRONMENTAL NUTRITION 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/19320248.2020.1842283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stacy A. Blondin
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sean B. Cash
- Food Policy and Applied Nutrition, Tufts Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Timothy S. Griffin
- Food Policy and Applied Nutrition, Tufts Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jeanne P. Goldberg
- Food Policy and Applied Nutrition, Tufts Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Christina D. Economos
- Food Policy and Applied Nutrition, Tufts Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Boston, MA, USA
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Wine's Phenolic Compounds and Health: A Pythagorean View. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25184105. [PMID: 32911765 PMCID: PMC7570485 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25184105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Revised: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In support of the J curve that describes the association between wine consumption and all-cause mortality, researchers and the lay press often advocate the health benefits of (poly)phenol consumption via red wine intake and cite the vast amount of in vitro literature that would corroborate the hypothesis. Other researchers dismiss such evidence and call for total abstention. In this review, we take a skeptical, Pythagorean stance and we critically try to move the debate forward by pointing the readers to the many pitfalls of red wine (poly)phenol research, which we arbitrarily treat as if they were pharmacological agents. We conclude that, after 30 years of dedicated research and despite the considerable expenditure, we still lack solid, "pharmacological", human evidence to confirm wine (poly)phenols' biological actions. Future research will eventually clarify their activities and will back the current recommendations of responsibly drinking moderate amounts of wine with meals.
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Cruz-Chamorro I, Álvarez-Sánchez N, Santos-Sánchez G, Pedroche J, Fernández-Pachón MS, Millán F, Millán-Linares MC, Lardone PJ, Bejarano I, Guerrero JM, Carrillo-Vico A. Immunomodulatory and Antioxidant Properties of Wheat Gluten Protein Hydrolysates in Human Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12061673. [PMID: 32512720 PMCID: PMC7352691 DOI: 10.3390/nu12061673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Revised: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Peptides from several plant food proteins not only maintain the nutritional values of the original protein and decrease the environmental impact of animal agriculture, but also exert biological activities with significant health-beneficial effects. Wheat is the most important food grain source in the world. However, negative attention on wheat-based products has arose due to the role of gluten in celiac disease. A controlled enzymatic hydrolysis could reduce the antigenicity of wheat gluten protein hydrolysates (WGPHs). Therefore, the aims of the present study were to evaluate the effects of the in vitro administration of Alcalase-generated WGPHs on the immunological and antioxidant responses of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from 39 healthy subjects. WGPH treatment reduced cell proliferation and the production of the Type 1 T helper (Th1) and Th17 pro-inflammatory cytokines IFN-γ and IL-17, respectively. WPGHs also improved the cellular anti-inflammatory microenvironment, increasing Th2/Th1 and Th2/Th17 balances. Additionally, WGPHs improved global antioxidant capacity, increased levels of the reduced form of glutathione and reduced nitric oxide production. These findings, not previously reported, highlight the beneficial capacity of these vegetable protein hydrolysates, which might represent an effective alternative in functional food generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Cruz-Chamorro
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, IBiS (Universidad de Sevilla, HUVR, Junta de Andalucía, CSIC), 41013 Seville, Spain; (I.C.-C.); (N.Á.-S.); (G.S.-S.); (P.J.L.); (I.B.); (J.M.G.)
- Departamento de Bioquímica Médica y Biología Molecular e Inmunología, Universidad de Sevilla, 41009 Seville, Spain
| | - Nuria Álvarez-Sánchez
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, IBiS (Universidad de Sevilla, HUVR, Junta de Andalucía, CSIC), 41013 Seville, Spain; (I.C.-C.); (N.Á.-S.); (G.S.-S.); (P.J.L.); (I.B.); (J.M.G.)
| | - Guillermo Santos-Sánchez
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, IBiS (Universidad de Sevilla, HUVR, Junta de Andalucía, CSIC), 41013 Seville, Spain; (I.C.-C.); (N.Á.-S.); (G.S.-S.); (P.J.L.); (I.B.); (J.M.G.)
- Departamento de Bioquímica Médica y Biología Molecular e Inmunología, Universidad de Sevilla, 41009 Seville, Spain
| | - Justo Pedroche
- Plant Protein Group, Instituto de la Grasa, CSIC, 41013 Seville, Spain; (J.P.); (F.M.)
| | - María-Soledad Fernández-Pachón
- Área de Nutrición y Bromatología, Departamento de Biología Molecular e Ingeniería Bioquímica, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Ctra. Utrera Km 1, 41013 Sevilla, Spain;
| | - Francisco Millán
- Plant Protein Group, Instituto de la Grasa, CSIC, 41013 Seville, Spain; (J.P.); (F.M.)
| | | | - Patricia Judith Lardone
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, IBiS (Universidad de Sevilla, HUVR, Junta de Andalucía, CSIC), 41013 Seville, Spain; (I.C.-C.); (N.Á.-S.); (G.S.-S.); (P.J.L.); (I.B.); (J.M.G.)
- Departamento de Bioquímica Médica y Biología Molecular e Inmunología, Universidad de Sevilla, 41009 Seville, Spain
| | - Ignacio Bejarano
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, IBiS (Universidad de Sevilla, HUVR, Junta de Andalucía, CSIC), 41013 Seville, Spain; (I.C.-C.); (N.Á.-S.); (G.S.-S.); (P.J.L.); (I.B.); (J.M.G.)
- Departamento de Bioquímica Médica y Biología Molecular e Inmunología, Universidad de Sevilla, 41009 Seville, Spain
| | - Juan Miguel Guerrero
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, IBiS (Universidad de Sevilla, HUVR, Junta de Andalucía, CSIC), 41013 Seville, Spain; (I.C.-C.); (N.Á.-S.); (G.S.-S.); (P.J.L.); (I.B.); (J.M.G.)
- Departamento de Bioquímica Médica y Biología Molecular e Inmunología, Universidad de Sevilla, 41009 Seville, Spain
- Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Unidad de Gestión de Laboratorios, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, 41013 Seville, Spain
| | - Antonio Carrillo-Vico
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, IBiS (Universidad de Sevilla, HUVR, Junta de Andalucía, CSIC), 41013 Seville, Spain; (I.C.-C.); (N.Á.-S.); (G.S.-S.); (P.J.L.); (I.B.); (J.M.G.)
- Departamento de Bioquímica Médica y Biología Molecular e Inmunología, Universidad de Sevilla, 41009 Seville, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-955-923-106
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22
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Mumu SJ, Merom D, Ali L, Fahey PP, Hossain I, Rahman AKMF, Allman-Farinelli M. Validation of a food frequency questionnaire as a tool for assessing dietary intake in cardiovascular disease research and surveillance in Bangladesh. Nutr J 2020; 19:42. [PMID: 32410632 PMCID: PMC7227307 DOI: 10.1186/s12937-020-00563-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2018] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiovascular disease (CVD) has emerged as a major public health concern in Bangladesh. Diet is an established risk factor for CVD but a tool to assess dietary intake in Bangladesh is lacking. This study aimed to validate a food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) using the 24-h dietary recall method and corresponding nutritional biological markers among rural and urban populations of Bangladesh. METHOD Participants of both genders aged 18-60 years were included in the analysis (total n = 146, rural n = 94 and urban n = 52). Two FFQs of 166 items were administered three-months apart, during which time three 24-h dietary recalls were also completed. Participants were asked to recall their frequency of consumption over the preceding 3 months. Urine and blood samples were collected for comparison between FFQ-estimates of nutrients and their corresponding biomarkers. Methods were compared using unadjusted, energy-adjusted, de-attenuated correlation coefficients, 95% limits of agreement (LOA) and quartile classification. RESULTS Fair to moderate agreement for ranking energy, macro and micronutrients into quartiles was observed (weighted k value ranged from 0.22 to 0.58; p < 0.001 for unadjusted data) except for vitamin D (weighted k - 0.05) and zinc (weighted k 0.09). Correlation coefficients of crude energy, macronutrients and common micronutrients including vitamin E, thiamine, riboflavin, niacin, pyridoxine, folate, iron, magnesium, phosphorus, potassium, and sodium were moderately good, ranging from 0.42 to 0.78; p < 0.001 but only fair for vitamin A, β carotene and calcium (0.31 to 0.38; p < 0.001) and poor for vitamin D and zinc (0.02 and 0.16; p = ns, respectively). Energy-adjusted correlations were generally lower except for fat and vitamin E, and in range of - 0.017 (for calcium) to 0.686 (for fat). De-attenuated correlations were higher than unadjusted and energy- adjusted, and significant for all nutrients except for vitamin D (0.017) to 0.801 (for carbohydrate). The Bland Altman tests demonstrated that most of the coefficients were positive which indicated that FFQ provided a greater overestimation at higher intakes. More than one in three participants appeared to overestimate their food consumption based on the ratio of energy intake to basal metabolic rate cut points suggested by Goldberg. Absolute intake of macronutrients was 1.5 times higher and for micronutrients it ranged from 1.07 (sodium) to 26 times (Zinc). FFQ estimates correlated well for sodium (0.32; p < 0.001), and vitamin D (0.20; p = 0.017) with their corresponding biomarkers and iron (0.25; p = 0.003) with serum ferritin for unadjusted data. Folate, iron (with haemoglobin) and total protein showed inverse association; and fat and potassium showed poor correlation with their corresponding biomarkers for unadjusted data. However, folate showed significant positive correlation (0.189; p = 0.025) with biomarker after energy adjustment. CONCLUSION Although FFQ showed overestimation for absolute intake in comparison with 24-h recalls, the validation study demonstrated acceptable agreement for ranking dietary intakes from FFQ with 24-h recall methods and some biomarkers and therefore could be considered as a tool to measure dietary intake for research and CVD risk factors surveillance in Bangladesh. The instrument may not be appropriate for monitoring population adherence to recommended intakes because of the overestimation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shirin Jahan Mumu
- School of Health Science, Western Sydney University, Sydney, Australia. .,Dept of Epidemiology, Bangladesh University of Health Sciences (BUHS), Dhaka, 1216, Bangladesh.
| | - Dafna Merom
- School of Health Science, Western Sydney University, Sydney, Australia
| | - Liaquat Ali
- Pothikrit Centre for Health Studies, Dhaka, 1000, Bangladesh
| | - Paul P Fahey
- School of Health Science, Western Sydney University, Sydney, Australia
| | - Israt Hossain
- Dept of Biochemistry & Cell Biology, BUHS, Dhaka, 1216, Bangladesh
| | - A K M Fazlur Rahman
- Dept of Epidemiology, Bangladesh University of Health Sciences (BUHS), Dhaka, 1216, Bangladesh
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23
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Saleh-Ghadimi S, Alizadeh M, Jafari-Vayghan H, Darabi M, Golmohammadi A, Kheirouri S. Effect of flaxseed oil supplementation on the erythrocyte membrane fatty acid composition and endocannabinoid system modulation in patients with coronary artery disease: a double-blind randomized controlled trial. GENES AND NUTRITION 2020; 15:9. [PMID: 32370762 PMCID: PMC7201600 DOI: 10.1186/s12263-020-00665-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Accepted: 03/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Background The endocannabinoid system (ECS) overactivation, associated with increased inflammatory process, may act as a risk factor for coronary artery disease (CAD). Dietary fat may influence the ECS tone. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of flaxseed oil on the erythrocyte membrane fatty acid profile and ECS activity by the measurement of serum N-arachydonoil ethanolamine (AEA) and cannabinoid receptor type-1 (CB1), cannabinoid receptor type-2 (CB2), and fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) mRNA expression. Methods This clinical trial was performed on 44 patients with CAD. The intervention group received 1.5% fat milk supplemented with flaxseed oil (containing 2.5 g α-linolenic acid or ALA), while the placebo group received 1.5% fat milk for 10 weeks. The fatty acid profile of erythrocyte membrane phospholipids was measured by gas chromatography. The AEA level was determined using an ELISA kit, and real-time PCR was performed to measure CB1, CB2, and FAAH mRNA expression pre- and post-intervention. Results Flaxseed oil supplementation resulted in a significant increase in the ALA content and a significant reduction in linoleic acid (LA) content of membrane phospholipids, compared to the placebo group (MD = − 0.35 and 2.89, respectively; P < 0.05). The within group analysis showed that flaxseed oil supplementation caused a significant reduction in both LA and arachidonic acid (MD = − 4.84 and − 4.03, respectively; P < 0.05) and an elevation in the ALA (MD = 0.37, P < 0.001) content of membrane phospholipids compared with the baseline. In the intervention group, a marked reduction was observed in the serum AEA level after 10 weeks of intervention, compared with the placebo group (MD = 0.64, P = 0.016). Changes in CB2 mRNA expression in the flaxseed oil group were significant (fold change = 1.30, P = 0.003), compared with the placebo group. Conclusion Flaxseed oil supplementation could attenuate the ECS tone by decreasing the AEA level and increasing CB2 mRNA expression. Therefore, flaxseed oil may be considered a promising agent with cardioprotective properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sevda Saleh-Ghadimi
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Alizadeh
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
| | | | - Masoud Darabi
- Department of Biochemistry and Clinical Laboratories, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Ali Golmohammadi
- Cardiovascular Research Centre, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Sorayya Kheirouri
- Nutrition Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
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24
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Rohde A, Duensing A, Dawczynski C, Godemann J, Lorkowski S, Brombach C. An App to Improve Eating Habits of Adolescents and Young Adults (Challenge to Go): Systematic Development of a Theory-Based and Target Group-Adapted Mobile App Intervention. JMIR Mhealth Uhealth 2019; 7:e11575. [PMID: 30903746 PMCID: PMC6709564 DOI: 10.2196/11575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2018] [Revised: 01/23/2019] [Accepted: 03/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Due to the widespread use of mobile phones, dietary mobile apps are promising tools for preventing diet-related noncommunicable diseases early in life. However, most of the currently available nutrition apps lack scientific evaluation and user acceptance. Objective The objective of this study was the systematic design of a theory-driven and target group–adapted dietary mobile app concept to promote healthy eating habits with a focus on drinking habits as well as consumption of fruits and vegetables in adolescents and young adults, especially from disadvantaged backgrounds. Methods The design process was guided by the behavior change wheel (BCW). The development process comprised 3 stages. In stage 1, the target behavior was specified, and facilitators and barriers were identified. Furthermore, important insights into target group interests, needs, and values in the field of nutrition and apps were revealed. To this end, 2 empirical studies were conducted with the target group. In stage 2, results of stage 1 were translated into behavior change techniques (BCTs) and, finally, into app functionalities and features. Consequently, in stage 3, the concept was evaluated and optimized through expert interviews. Results Facilitators and barriers for achieving the target behavior were psychological capabilities (eg, self-efficacy), reflective motivation (eg, fitness), automatic motivation, social support, and physical opportunity (eg, time). Target group interests, needs, and values in the field of nutrition were translated into target group preferences for app usage, for example, low usage effort, visual feedback, or recipes. Education, training, incentives, persuasion, and enablement were identified as relevant intervention functions. Together with the target group preferences, these were translated via 14 BCTs, such as rewards, graded tasks, or self-monitoring into the app concept Challenge to go (C2go). The expert evaluation suggested changes of some app features for improving adherence, positive health effects, and technical feasibility. The C2go concept comprises 3 worlds: the (1) drinking, (2) vegetable, and (3) fruit worlds. In each world, the users are faced with challenges including feedback and a quiz. Tips were developed based on the health action process approach and to help users gain challenges and, thereby, achieve the target behavior. Challenges can be played alone or against someone in the community. Due to different activities, points can be collected, and levels can be achieved. Collected points open access to an Infothek (information section), where users can choose content that interests them. An avatar guides user through the app. Conclusions C2go is aimed at adolescents and young adults and aims to improve their fruit and vegetable consumption as well as drinking habits. It is a theory-driven and target group–adapted dietary mobile intervention concept that uses gamification and was systematically developed using the BCW.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Rohde
- Institute of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany.,Competence Cluster for Nutrition and Cardiovascular Health, Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Germany.,Department of Communication and Engagement in Agricultural, Nutritional and Environmental Sciences, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Anja Duensing
- Institute of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany.,Competence Cluster for Nutrition and Cardiovascular Health, Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Germany
| | - Christine Dawczynski
- Institute of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany.,Competence Cluster for Nutrition and Cardiovascular Health, Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Germany
| | - Jasmin Godemann
- Department of Communication and Engagement in Agricultural, Nutritional and Environmental Sciences, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Stefan Lorkowski
- Institute of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany.,Competence Cluster for Nutrition and Cardiovascular Health, Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Germany
| | - Christine Brombach
- Institute of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany.,Institute of Food and Beverage Innovation, Zurich University of Applied Sciences, Zurich, Switzerland
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25
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Abstract
Available evidence from clinical trials suggests the replacement of saturated fatty acids with polyunsaturated fatty acids as well as with essential fatty acids to reduce the risk of coronary heart disease. Thus, the importance of limiting of saturated fatty acid intake as well as the removal of trans-fatty acids from the diet have also emphasized. Conversely, recent studies have questioned the simple explanation of the relationship of dietary saturated fats and of individual saturated fatty acids to cardiovascular disease. Although, controversies continue to exist, current recommendations have highlighted that the importance of a critical look at the evaluation of scientific understanding about dietary fats and health. Therefore, manufacturers and scientists have focused on seeking alternative ways to modify or structure liquid oil without the use of saturated and trans-fats and hence to offer the functionality of fats to food products without changing the nutritional profile of liquid oil. However, since shortening as the essential component of bakery products affects dough structure and the desired final product attributes, the replacement of shortening creates a big challenge in bakery problems. The aim of this study was to provide an overview of the functions of shortening in bakery products and of the field of oleogels with special importance on the updates from recent years and their possible applications in bakery products. With the incorporation of oleogels or oleogel/shortening blends, rheological properties of dough/batters as well as physicochemical properties of resulted products may be resembled to those made with shortening. Conversely, the application of this technique had a role on retaining solid-like properties while possesses a healthier fatty acid profile. Very recent study indicated that gradual replacement of shortening with oleogels have potential for partial reduction of saturated fat without chancing physical properties of gluten free aerated products. Thus, the applications of oleogels may also present more alternatives for celiac sufferers' diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilkem Demirkesen
- Department of Animal Health, Food and Feed Research, General Directorate of Agricultural Research and Policies, Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Behic Mert
- Department of Food Engineering, Middle East Technical University, Ankara, Turkey
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26
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Conte MS, Bradbury AW, Kolh P, White JV, Dick F, Fitridge R, Mills JL, Ricco JB, Suresh KR, Murad MH, Aboyans V, Aksoy M, Alexandrescu VA, Armstrong D, Azuma N, Belch J, Bergoeing M, Bjorck M, Chakfé N, Cheng S, Dawson J, Debus ES, Dueck A, Duval S, Eckstein HH, Ferraresi R, Gambhir R, Gargiulo M, Geraghty P, Goode S, Gray B, Guo W, Gupta PC, Hinchliffe R, Jetty P, Komori K, Lavery L, Liang W, Lookstein R, Menard M, Misra S, Miyata T, Moneta G, Munoa Prado JA, Munoz A, Paolini JE, Patel M, Pomposelli F, Powell R, Robless P, Rogers L, Schanzer A, Schneider P, Taylor S, De Ceniga MV, Veller M, Vermassen F, Wang J, Wang S. Global Vascular Guidelines on the Management of Chronic Limb-Threatening Ischemia. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg 2019; 58:S1-S109.e33. [PMID: 31182334 PMCID: PMC8369495 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejvs.2019.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 756] [Impact Index Per Article: 151.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
GUIDELINE SUMMARY Chronic limb-threatening ischemia (CLTI) is associated with mortality, amputation, and impaired quality of life. These Global Vascular Guidelines (GVG) are focused on definition, evaluation, and management of CLTI with the goals of improving evidence-based care and highlighting critical research needs. The term CLTI is preferred over critical limb ischemia, as the latter implies threshold values of impaired perfusion rather than a continuum. CLTI is a clinical syndrome defined by the presence of peripheral artery disease (PAD) in combination with rest pain, gangrene, or a lower limb ulceration >2 weeks duration. Venous, traumatic, embolic, and nonatherosclerotic etiologies are excluded. All patients with suspected CLTI should be referred urgently to a vascular specialist. Accurately staging the severity of limb threat is fundamental, and the Society for Vascular Surgery Threatened Limb Classification system, based on grading of Wounds, Ischemia, and foot Infection (WIfI) is endorsed. Objective hemodynamic testing, including toe pressures as the preferred measure, is required to assess CLTI. Evidence-based revascularization (EBR) hinges on three independent axes: Patient risk, Limb severity, and ANatomic complexity (PLAN). Average-risk and high-risk patients are defined by estimated procedural and 2-year all-cause mortality. The GVG proposes a new Global Anatomic Staging System (GLASS), which involves defining a preferred target artery path (TAP) and then estimating limb-based patency (LBP), resulting in three stages of complexity for intervention. The optimal revascularization strategy is also influenced by the availability of autogenous vein for open bypass surgery. Recommendations for EBR are based on best available data, pending level 1 evidence from ongoing trials. Vein bypass may be preferred for average-risk patients with advanced limb threat and high complexity disease, while those with less complex anatomy, intermediate severity limb threat, or high patient risk may be favored for endovascular intervention. All patients with CLTI should be afforded best medical therapy including the use of antithrombotic, lipid-lowering, antihypertensive, and glycemic control agents, as well as counseling on smoking cessation, diet, exercise, and preventive foot care. Following EBR, long-term limb surveillance is advised. The effectiveness of nonrevascularization therapies (eg, spinal stimulation, pneumatic compression, prostanoids, and hyperbaric oxygen) has not been established. Regenerative medicine approaches (eg, cell, gene therapies) for CLTI should be restricted to rigorously conducted randomizsed clinical trials. The GVG promotes standardization of study designs and end points for clinical trials in CLTI. The importance of multidisciplinary teams and centers of excellence for amputation prevention is stressed as a key health system initiative.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael S Conte
- Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.
| | - Andrew W Bradbury
- Department of Vascular Surgery, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Philippe Kolh
- Department of Biomedical and Preclinical Sciences, University Hospital of Liège, Wallonia, Belgium
| | - John V White
- Department of Surgery, Advocate Lutheran General Hospital, Niles, IL, USA
| | - Florian Dick
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, St. Gallen, and University of Berne, Berne, Switzerland
| | - Robert Fitridge
- Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, The University of Adelaide Medical School, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Joseph L Mills
- Division of Vascular Surgery and Endovascular Therapy, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jean-Baptiste Ricco
- Department of Clinical Research, University Hospitalof Poitiers, Poitiers, France
| | | | - M Hassan Murad
- Mayo Clinic Evidence-Based Practice Center, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Victor Aboyans
- Department of Cardiology, Dupuytren, University Hospital, France
| | - Murat Aksoy
- Department of Vascular Surgery American, Hospital, Turkey
| | | | | | | | - Jill Belch
- Ninewells Hospital University of Dundee, UK
| | - Michel Bergoeing
- Escuela de Medicina Pontificia Universidad, Catolica de Chile, Chile
| | - Martin Bjorck
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Vascular Surgery, Uppsala University, Sweden
| | | | | | - Joseph Dawson
- Royal Adelaide Hospital & University of Adelaide, Australia
| | - Eike S Debus
- University Heart Center Hamburg, University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
| | - Andrew Dueck
- Schulich Heart Centre, Sunnybrook Health, Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, Canada
| | - Susan Duval
- Cardiovascular Division, University of, Minnesota Medical School, USA
| | | | - Roberto Ferraresi
- Interventional Cardiovascular Unit, Cardiology Department, Istituto Clinico, Città Studi, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Mauro Gargiulo
- Diagnostica e Sperimentale, University of Bologna, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Wei Guo
- 301 General Hospital of PLA, Beijing, China
| | | | | | - Prasad Jetty
- Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, The Ottawa Hospital and the University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | | | | | - Wei Liang
- Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, China
| | - Robert Lookstein
- Division of Vascular and Interventional Radiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Juan E Paolini
- Sanatorio Dr Julio Mendez, University of Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Manesh Patel
- Division of Cardiology, Duke University Health System, USA
| | | | | | | | - Lee Rogers
- Amputation Prevention Centers of America, USA
| | | | - Peter Schneider
- Kaiser Foundation Hospital Honolulu and Hawaii Permanente Medical Group, USA
| | - Spence Taylor
- Greenville Health Center/USC School of Medicine Greenville, USA
| | | | - Martin Veller
- University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | | | - Jinsong Wang
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shenming Wang
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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27
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Identification of texture parameters influencing commercial cheese matrix disintegration and lipid digestion using an in vitro static digestion model. Food Res Int 2019; 121:269-277. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2019.03.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2018] [Revised: 02/22/2019] [Accepted: 03/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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28
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Abstract
CVD are the main cause of death especially in high-income countries. Previously, research focused on single nutrients including saturated and MUFA, sodium and dietary fibre, or specific foods such as fish, fruit and vegetables, and olive oil, in the aetiology of CVD. In recent years, however, the effects of complete dietary patterns on the prevention of CVD have gained interest, to account for diet heterogeneity and food–nutrient interactions. Several dietary patterns have been investigated, such as the Paleolithic diet, the vegetarian and vegan diets, the Diet Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH), the Nordic and Mediterranean diets, with many contradictions remaining. The aim of this review is to give an overview of the effects of these dietary patterns on CVD risk, to discuss their overall nutrient adequacy and briefly discuss their environmental impact.
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29
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Conte MS, Bradbury AW, Kolh P, White JV, Dick F, Fitridge R, Mills JL, Ricco JB, Suresh KR, Murad MH. Global vascular guidelines on the management of chronic limb-threatening ischemia. J Vasc Surg 2019; 69:3S-125S.e40. [PMID: 31159978 PMCID: PMC8365864 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvs.2019.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 719] [Impact Index Per Article: 143.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Chronic limb-threatening ischemia (CLTI) is associated with mortality, amputation, and impaired quality of life. These Global Vascular Guidelines (GVG) are focused on definition, evaluation, and management of CLTI with the goals of improving evidence-based care and highlighting critical research needs. The term CLTI is preferred over critical limb ischemia, as the latter implies threshold values of impaired perfusion rather than a continuum. CLTI is a clinical syndrome defined by the presence of peripheral artery disease (PAD) in combination with rest pain, gangrene, or a lower limb ulceration >2 weeks duration. Venous, traumatic, embolic, and nonatherosclerotic etiologies are excluded. All patients with suspected CLTI should be referred urgently to a vascular specialist. Accurately staging the severity of limb threat is fundamental, and the Society for Vascular Surgery Threatened Limb Classification system, based on grading of Wounds, Ischemia, and foot Infection (WIfI) is endorsed. Objective hemodynamic testing, including toe pressures as the preferred measure, is required to assess CLTI. Evidence-based revascularization (EBR) hinges on three independent axes: Patient risk, Limb severity, and ANatomic complexity (PLAN). Average-risk and high-risk patients are defined by estimated procedural and 2-year all-cause mortality. The GVG proposes a new Global Anatomic Staging System (GLASS), which involves defining a preferred target artery path (TAP) and then estimating limb-based patency (LBP), resulting in three stages of complexity for intervention. The optimal revascularization strategy is also influenced by the availability of autogenous vein for open bypass surgery. Recommendations for EBR are based on best available data, pending level 1 evidence from ongoing trials. Vein bypass may be preferred for average-risk patients with advanced limb threat and high complexity disease, while those with less complex anatomy, intermediate severity limb threat, or high patient risk may be favored for endovascular intervention. All patients with CLTI should be afforded best medical therapy including the use of antithrombotic, lipid-lowering, antihypertensive, and glycemic control agents, as well as counseling on smoking cessation, diet, exercise, and preventive foot care. Following EBR, long-term limb surveillance is advised. The effectiveness of nonrevascularization therapies (eg, spinal stimulation, pneumatic compression, prostanoids, and hyperbaric oxygen) has not been established. Regenerative medicine approaches (eg, cell, gene therapies) for CLTI should be restricted to rigorously conducted randomizsed clinical trials. The GVG promotes standardization of study designs and end points for clinical trials in CLTI. The importance of multidisciplinary teams and centers of excellence for amputation prevention is stressed as a key health system initiative.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael S Conte
- Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, Calif.
| | - Andrew W Bradbury
- Department of Vascular Surgery, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Philippe Kolh
- Department of Biomedical and Preclinical Sciences, University Hospital of Liège, Wallonia, Belgium
| | - John V White
- Department of Surgery, Advocate Lutheran General Hospital, Niles, Ill
| | - Florian Dick
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Robert Fitridge
- Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, The University of Adelaide Medical School, Adelaide, South Australia
| | - Joseph L Mills
- Division of Vascular Surgery and Endovascular Therapy, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Tex
| | - Jean-Baptiste Ricco
- Department of Clinical Research, University Hospitalof Poitiers, Poitiers, France
| | | | - M Hassan Murad
- Mayo Clinic Evidence-Based Practice Center, Rochester, Minn
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30
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Shams-White MM, Chui K, Deuster PA, McKeown NM, Must A. Investigating Items to Improve the Validity of the Five-Item Healthy Eating Score Compared with the 2015 Healthy Eating Index in a Military Population. Nutrients 2019; 11:E251. [PMID: 30678099 PMCID: PMC6412234 DOI: 10.3390/nu11020251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2018] [Revised: 01/11/2019] [Accepted: 01/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Military researchers utilize a five-item healthy eating score (HES-5) in the Global Assessment Tool (GAT) questionnaire to quickly assess the overall diet quality of military personnel. This study aimed to modify the HES-5 to improve its validity relative to the 2015 Healthy Eating Index (HEI-2015) in active duty military personnel (n = 333). A food frequency questionnaire was used to calculate HEI-2015 scores and to assess sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) intake in 8-oz (SSB-8) and 12-oz servings. GAT nutrition questions were used to calculate HES-5 scores and capture breakfast and post-exercise recovery fueling snack (RFsnack) frequencies. Two scoring options were considered for the highest RFsnack category: "4" vs. "5" (RFsnack-5). Potential candidates were added alone and in combination to the HES-5 and compared to the HEI-2015 with a Pearson correlation coefficient. Scores with the highest correlations were compared via a z-score equation to identify the simplest modification to the HES-5. Correlations between HES-5 and HEI-2015 scores in total participants, males, and females were 0.41, 0.45 and 0.32, respectively. Correlations were most significantly improved in total participants by adding RFsnack-5, SSB-8, RFsnack-5 + SSB-8, and RFsnack-5 + SSB-8 + breakfast, though the addition of SSB-8 + RFsnack-5 performed best (r = 0.53). Future work should consider scoring mechanisms, serving sizes, and question wording.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marissa M Shams-White
- Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, 150 Harrison Avenue, Boston, MA 02111, USA.
- Cancer Prevention Fellowship Program, Division of Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health 9609 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, MD 20892, USA.
| | - Kenneth Chui
- Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, School of Medicine, Tufts University, 136 Harrison Avenue, Boston, MA 02111, USA.
| | - Patricia A Deuster
- Consortium for Health and Military Performance, A DoD Center of Excellence, Department of Military and Emergency Medicine, Uniformed Services University, 4301 Jones Bridge Road, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA.
| | - Nicola M McKeown
- Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, 150 Harrison Avenue, Boston, MA 02111, USA.
- Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, 711 Washington Street, Boston, MA 02111, USA.
| | - Aviva Must
- Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, 150 Harrison Avenue, Boston, MA 02111, USA.
- Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, School of Medicine, Tufts University, 136 Harrison Avenue, Boston, MA 02111, USA.
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Stinco CM, Benítez-González AM, Meléndez-Martínez AJ, Hernanz D, Vicario IM. Simultaneous determination of dietary isoprenoids (carotenoids, chlorophylls and tocopherols) in human faeces by Rapid Resolution Liquid Chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2019; 1583:63-72. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2018.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2018] [Revised: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 11/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Barolia R, Petrucka P, Higginbottom GA, Khan FFS, Clark AM. Motivators and Deterrents to Diet Change in Low Socio-Economic Pakistani Patients With Cardiovascular Disease. Glob Qual Nurs Res 2019; 6:2333393619883605. [PMID: 31819894 PMCID: PMC6882033 DOI: 10.1177/2333393619883605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2019] [Revised: 09/19/2019] [Accepted: 09/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
This study explores factors that affect the people of low socioeconomic status regarding food choices after diagnosis with cardiovascular disease. Qualitative approach was used to identify the important factors associated with dietary changes as a result of their disease. Twenty-four participants were interviewed from two cardiac facilities in Karachi, the largest metropolitan city of Pakistan. Data were analyzed to identify the themes using the interpretative description approach. While most participants understood the need for dietary changes, few were able to follow recommended diets. Their food choices were primarily influenced by financial constraints as well as cultural, familial, and religious values and practices. The challenge for health care providers lies in understanding the economical, sociocultural, and religious factors that influence behavioral changes which, in turn, affect dietary choices. It is apparent that cardiovascular risk and disease outcomes for the people of low socioeconomic status are likely to escalate. Thus, it is necessary to address the sociocultural, religious, and behavioral factors affecting dietary choices. Achieving this imperative requires an intersectorial, multilevel intervention for the prevention of cardiovascular diseases in people of low socioeconomic status.
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Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids and Their Potential Therapeutic Role in Cardiovascular System Disorders-A Review. Nutrients 2018; 10:nu10101561. [PMID: 30347877 PMCID: PMC6213446 DOI: 10.3390/nu10101561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 166] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2018] [Revised: 10/11/2018] [Accepted: 10/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases are described as the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in modern societies. Therefore, the importance of cardiovascular diseases prevention is widely reflected in the increasing number of reports on the topic among the key scientific research efforts of the recent period. The importance of essential fatty acids (EFAs) has been recognized in the fields of cardiac science and cardiac medicine, with the significant effects of various fatty acids having been confirmed by experimental studies. Polyunsaturated fatty acids are considered to be important versatile mediators for improving and maintaining human health over the entire lifespan, however, only the cardiac effect has been extensively documented. Recently, it has been shown that omega-3 fatty acids may play a beneficial role in several human pathologies, such as obesity and diabetes mellitus type 2, and are also associated with a reduced incidence of stroke and atherosclerosis, and decreased incidence of cardiovascular diseases. A reasonable diet and wise supplementation of omega-3 EFAs are essential in the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular diseases prevention and treatment.
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Gripeteg L, Arvidsson D, Johannesson E, Larsson C, Sjöberg A, Angerås O, Fagman E, Brandberg J, Ekblom Ö, Bergström G, Börjesson M. Concomitant Associations of Healthy Food Intake and Cardiorespiratory Fitness With Coronary Artery Calcium. Am J Cardiol 2018; 122:560-564. [PMID: 29958710 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjcard.2018.04.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2018] [Revised: 04/23/2018] [Accepted: 04/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Conflicting findings remain regarding associations between lifestyle behaviors and coronary artery calcium (CAC). We investigated concomitant associations of healthy food intake and cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) with CAC. Data from 706 men and women 50 to 64 years old from the Swedish SCAPIS pilot trial were analyzed. A CAC score was calculated using the Agatston method. A Healthy Food Index (HFI) was established using data from a web-based food frequency questionnaire. CRF was assessed from a bike exercise test. Regression analyses were performed with occurrence of CAC (dichotomous) and level of CAC score in patients with CAC (continuous) as outcomes. 58% had 0 CAC score. HFI was significantly associated with having no CAC (standardized coefficient β = 0.18, p <0.001) but not with level of CAC score (β = -0.09, p = 0.34). CRF showed no significant association with having no CAC (β = -0.08, p = 0.12) or with the level of CAC score (β = -0.04, p = 0.64). However, there was an interaction between HFI and CRF (β = -0.23, p = 0.02); for increasing levels of CRF there was stronger negative association between HFI and level of CAC score, reaching β = -0.48, p = 0.045 for the highest CRF level. In conclusion, these results emphasize the importance of a healthy food intake in combination with higher CRF to counteract CAC development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lena Gripeteg
- Department of Food and Nutrition and Sport Science, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Daniel Arvidsson
- Department of Food and Nutrition and Sport Science, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Elias Johannesson
- Department of Food and Nutrition and Sport Science, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Christel Larsson
- Department of Food and Nutrition and Sport Science, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Agneta Sjöberg
- Department of Food and Nutrition and Sport Science, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Oskar Angerås
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg and Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden; Department of Cardiology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Erika Fagman
- Department of Radiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg and Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - John Brandberg
- Department of Radiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg and Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Örjan Ekblom
- Åstrand Laboratory of Work Physiology, The Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Göran Bergström
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; Department of Clinical Physiology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Mats Börjesson
- Department of Food and Nutrition and Sport Science, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; Sahlgrenska University Hospital/Östra, Gothenburg, Sweden
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Vitamin C Deficiency, High-Sensitivity C-Reactive Protein, and Cardiac Event-Free Survival in Patients With Heart Failure. J Cardiovasc Nurs 2018; 33:6-12. [PMID: 27984333 DOI: 10.1097/jcn.0000000000000389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vitamin C is related to lower levels of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP), an inflammatory biomarker that predicts cardiovascular disease. Whether vitamin C deficiency is associated with hsCRP and cardiac events in heart failure (HF) patients has not been examined. PURPOSE The aim of this study is to determine the relationships among vitamin C intake, serum levels of hsCRP, and cardiac events. METHODS A total of 200 HF patients completed a 3-day food diary to determine vitamin C deficiency and provided blood to measure serum levels of hsCRP. Patients were followed for 2 years to obtain data on cardiac event-free survival. Moderation analyses with hierarchical logistic and Cox regressions were used for the data analysis. RESULTS Seventy-eight patients (39%) had vitamin C deficiency and 100 (50%) had an hsCRP level higher than 3 mg/L. Vitamin C deficiency was associated with an hsCRP level higher than 3 mg/L in the hierarchical logistic regression (odds ratio, 2.40; 95% confidence interval, [1.13-5.10]; P = .023). Vitamin C deficiency (hazard ratio, 1.68; 95% CI, 1.05-2.69, P = .029) and hsCRP level higher than 3 mg/L (hazard ratio, 1.79; 95% CI, 1.07-3.01; P = .027) predicted shorter cardiac event-free survival in hierarchical Cox regression. The interaction of hsCRP level higher than 3 mg/L and vitamin C deficiency produced a 2.3-fold higher risk for cardiac events (P = .002) in moderation analysis. Higher level of hsCRP predicted shorter cardiac event-free survival only in patients with vitamin C deficiency (P = .027), but not in those with vitamin C adequacy. CONCLUSION Vitamin C deficiency moderated the relationship between inflammation and cardiac events in patients with HF. Future study is required to determine whether adequate intake of vitamin C could play a protective role against the impact of inflammation on cardiac events in HF patients.
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Neelakantan N, Koh WP, Yuan JM, van Dam RM. Diet-Quality Indexes Are Associated with a Lower Risk of Cardiovascular, Respiratory, and All-Cause Mortality among Chinese Adults. J Nutr 2018; 148:1323-1332. [PMID: 29982724 PMCID: PMC6075575 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxy094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2018] [Accepted: 04/13/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Diet-quality indexes have been associated with a lower risk of chronic disease mortality in Western populations, but it is unclear whether these indexes reflect protective dietary patterns in Asian populations. Objective We examined the association between Alternative Healthy Eating Index-2010 (AHEI-2010), alternate Mediterranean diet (aMED), Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH), and Healthy Diet Indicator (HDI) scores and the risk of all-cause cardiovascular disease (CVD), cancer, and respiratory disease mortality. Methods We used data from a prospective cohort of 57,078 Singapore Chinese men and women (aged 45-74 y) who were free of cancer and CVD at baseline (1993-1998) and who were followed up through 2014. The diet-quality index scores were calculated on the basis of data from a validated 165-item food-frequency questionnaire. Cox regression models with adjustment for potential confounders including sociodemographic and lifestyle variables, body mass index, and medical history were used to estimate HRs and 95% CIs. Results During a total of 981,980 person-years of follow-up, 15,262 deaths (CVD: 4871; respiratory: 2690; and cancer: 5306) occurred. Comparing the highest with the lowest quintiles, the multivariable adjusted HRs (95% CIs) for all-cause mortality were 0.82 (0.78, 0.86) for AHEI-2010, 0.80 (0.76, 0.85) for aMED, 0.80 (0.75, 0.84) for DASH, and 0.88 (0.83, 0.92) for HDI scores (all P-trend < 0.001). Higher diet index scores were associated with a 14-28% lower risk of CVD and respiratory mortality, but only a 5-12% lower risk of cancer mortality. Higher consumption of vegetables, fruit, nuts, and long-chain n-3 (ω-3) fatty acids, lower consumption of red meat, and avoidance of high alcohol consumption were the diet index components associated with a lower risk of mortality. Conclusion Adherence to several recommended dietary patterns that emphasize healthy plant-based foods was associated with a substantially lower risk of chronic disease mortality in an Asian population. The Singapore Chinese Health Study was registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov as NCT03356340.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Woon-Puay Koh
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health,Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
| | - Jian-Min Yuan
- Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA,Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Rob M van Dam
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health,Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore,Department of Nutrition, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA,Address correspondence to RMvD (e-mail: )
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Eren SH, Korkmaz I, Guven FMK, Tekin YK, Ozdemir L. Serum Paraoxonase, Arylesterase, and Glutathione-S-Transferase Activities and Oxidative Stress Levels in Patients with Mushroom Poisoning. Clinics (Sao Paulo) 2018; 73:e16550. [PMID: 29995097 PMCID: PMC6027757 DOI: 10.6061/clinics/2018/e16-550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2017] [Accepted: 01/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Consumption of toxic species of mushrooms may have detrimental effects and increase oxidative stress. Paraoxonase, arylesterase and glutathione-S-transferase are antioxidants that resist oxidative stress. In this study, we analyzed the changes in these enzymes during intoxication due to mushrooms. METHODS The study enrolled 49 adult patients with a diagnosis of mushroom poisoning according to clinical findings and 49 healthy volunteers as the control group. The patients with mild clinical findings were hospitalized due to the possibility that the patient had also eaten the mushrooms and due to clinical findings in the late period, which could be fatal. Paraoxonase, arylesterase, and glutathione-S-transferase concentrations, as well as total antioxidant and oxidant status, were determined in the 49 patients and 49 healthy volunteers by taking blood samples in the emergency department. RESULTS While paraoxonase, arylesterase, and total antioxidant status were significantly decreased in the patient group (p<0.05), glutathione-S-transferase, total oxidant status and the oxidative stress index were significantly higher (p<0.05). There was a positive correlation between the hospitalization time and the oxidative stress index (r=0.752, p<0.001), whereas a negative correlation was found with glutathione-S-transferase (r=-0.420, p=0.003). CONCLUSION We observed a significant decrease in paraoxonase and arylesterase and an increase in glutathione-S-transferase and oxidative stress indexes in patients with mushroom poisoning, indicating that these patients had an oxidative status. In particular, a low total antioxidant status and high oxidative stress index may gain importance in terms of the assessment of hospitalization duration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sevki Hakan Eren
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Medicine Faculty, Gaziantep University, Gaziantep, Turkey
- *Corresponding author. E-mail:
| | - Ilhan Korkmaz
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Medicine Faculty, Cumhuriyet University, Sivas, Turkey
| | | | - Yusuf Kenan Tekin
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Medicine Faculty, Cumhuriyet University, Sivas, Turkey
| | - Levent Ozdemir
- Department of Public Health, Medicine Faculty, Cumhuriyet University, Sivas, Turkey
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Barrington WE, Beresford SAA. Applying Multiple Statistical Methods to Derive an Index of Dietary Behaviors Most Related to Obesity. Am J Epidemiol 2018. [PMID: 29538668 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwx370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
To evaluate the success of dietary interventions, we need measures that are more easily assessed and that closely align with intervention messaging. An index of obesogenic dietary behaviors (e.g., consumption of fast food and soft drinks, low fruit and vegetable consumption, and task eating (eating while engaging in other activities)) may serve this purpose and could be derived via data-driven methods typically used to describe nutrient intake. We used behavioral and physical measurement (i.e., body mass index, waist circumference) data from a subset of 2 independent cross-sectional samples of employees enrolled in the Promoting Activity and Changes in Eating (PACE) Study (Seattle, Washington) who were selected at baseline (2005-2007) (n = 561) and during follow-up (2007-2009) (n = 155). Index derivation methods, including principal components regression, partial least squares regression, and reduced rank regression, were compared. The best-fitting index for predicting physical measurements included consumption of fast food, French fries, and soft drinks. In linear mixed models, each 1-quartile increase in index score was associated with a 5% higher baseline body mass index (ratio of geometric means = 1.053, 95% confidence interval: 1.031, 1.075) and an approximately 4% higher baseline waist circumference (ratio = 1.036, 95% confidence interval: 1.019, 1.054) after adjustment for covariates. Results were similar at follow-up before and after adjustment for baseline measures. This index may be useful in evaluating public health or clinic-based dietary interventions to reduce obesity, especially given the ubiquity of these behaviors in the general population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wendy E Barrington
- Department of Psychosocial and Community Health, School of Nursing, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
- Cancer Prevention Program, Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington
| | - Shirley A A Beresford
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
- Cancer Prevention Program, Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington
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Merz B, Frommherz L, Rist MJ, Kulling SE, Bub A, Watzl B. Dietary Pattern and Plasma BCAA-Variations in Healthy Men and Women-Results from the KarMeN Study. Nutrients 2018; 10:E623. [PMID: 29762522 PMCID: PMC5985475 DOI: 10.3390/nu10050623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2018] [Revised: 05/08/2018] [Accepted: 05/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Branched-chain amino acids (BCAA) in plasma are discussed as risk factors for the onset of several diseases. Information about the contribution of the overall diet to plasma BCAA concentrations is controversial. Our objective was to investigate which dietary pattern is associated with plasma BCAA concentrations and whether other additional nutrients besides BCAA further characterize this dietary pattern. Based on the cross-sectional KarMeN study, fasting plasma amino acid (AA) concentrations, as well as current and habitual dietary intake were assessed in 298 healthy individuals. Using reduced rank regression, we derived a habitual dietary pattern that explained 32.5% of plasma BCAA variation. This pattern was high in meat, sausages, sauces, eggs, and ice cream but low in nuts, cereals, mushrooms, and pulses. The age, sex, and energy intake adjusted dietary pattern score was associated with an increase in animal-based protein together with a decrease in plant-based protein, dietary fiber, and an unfavorable fatty acid composition. Besides BCAA, alanine, lysine and the aromatic AA were positively associated with the dietary pattern score as well. All of these factors were reported to be associated with risk of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular diseases before. Our data suggest that rather than the dietary intake of BCAA, the overall dietary pattern that contributes to high BCAA plasma concentrations may modulate chronic diseases risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benedikt Merz
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry of Nutrition, Max Rubner-Institut, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany.
| | - Lara Frommherz
- Department of Safety and Quality of Fruit and Vegetables, Max Rubner-Institut, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany.
| | - Manuela J Rist
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry of Nutrition, Max Rubner-Institut, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany.
| | - Sabine E Kulling
- Department of Safety and Quality of Fruit and Vegetables, Max Rubner-Institut, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany.
| | - Achim Bub
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry of Nutrition, Max Rubner-Institut, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany.
| | - Bernhard Watzl
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry of Nutrition, Max Rubner-Institut, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany.
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Hein L, Sørensen L, Kargo M, Buitenhuis A. Genetic analysis of predicted fatty acid profiles of milk from Danish Holstein and Danish Jersey cattle populations. J Dairy Sci 2018; 101:2148-2157. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2017-13225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2017] [Accepted: 10/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Lopes LL, Rocha DMUP, Silva AD, Peluzio MDCG, Bressan J, Hermsdorff HHM. Postprandial Lipid Response to High-Saturated and High-Monounsaturated Fat Meals in Normal-Weight or Overweight Women. J Am Coll Nutr 2018; 37:308-315. [DOI: 10.1080/07315724.2017.1399835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lílian L. Lopes
- Department of Nutrition and Health, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | - Alessandra da Silva
- Department of Nutrition and Health, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | - Josefina Bressan
- Department of Nutrition and Health, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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Comparison between the Hypolipidemic Activity of Parsley and Carob in Hypercholesterolemic Male Rats. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 2017:3098745. [PMID: 29094044 PMCID: PMC5637854 DOI: 10.1155/2017/3098745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2017] [Accepted: 08/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Hypercholesterolemia is commonly associated with obesity that leads to heart diseases and diabetes. The hepatocardioprotective activity of parsley and carob methanol extract was tested in hypercholesterolemic male rats. Twenty-four male albino rats were divided into four groups (n = 6). Group 1 was the negative control group fed with fat rich diet, group 2 (G2) was hypercholesterolemic rats fed with fat rich diet with 2% cholesterol, and group 3 and group 4 (G3 and G4) were hypercholesterolemic rats supplemented with 2% cholesterol and cotreated with 20% w/w parsley seed methanol extract and 20% w/w carob legume methanol extract, respectively. The experiment was conducted for eight weeks. The positive hypercholesterolemic rats showed significant increase in serum levels of total cholesterol, triglycerides, low density lipoprotein (LDL), very low density lipoprotein (VLDL), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), creatine kinase-mb, liver function enzymes, and decrease in the high density lipoproteins (HDL). Moreover, heart and liver tissues were ameliorated and nearly restored their normal appearance. It could be concluded that both parsley and carob extracts supplementations have a protective effect against hyperlipidemia and improved the histological alteration in heart and liver tissues. The methanol extract of parsley appeared to be more efficient than that of carob in lowering hypercholesterolemia.
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Effectiveness of a Behavior Change Program on Physical Activity and Eating Habits in Patients With Hypertension: A Randomized Controlled Trial. J Phys Act Health 2017; 14:943-952. [PMID: 28682707 DOI: 10.1123/jpah.2016-0268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aimed to analyze the effect of a behavior change program, called Vida Ativa Melhorando a Saúde (VAMOS), on physical activity, eating habits, and quality of life in patients with hypertension. METHODS A randomized controlled trial was carried out in 90 patients with hypertension (57.8 ± 9.9 y). They were randomly assigned to 2 groups: VAMOS group (n = 45) and control group (n = 45). The VAMOS group participated in a behavioral change program aimed at motivating changes in physical activity and nutrition behavior for 12 weeks. Physical activity, eating habits, quality of life, self-efficacy, and social support were evaluated at preintervention and postintervention. RESULTS The control group increased sedentary time (407 ± 87 vs 303 ± 100 min/d; P < .05) and sedentary bouts (434 ± 86 vs 336 ± 98 min/d; P < .05) and reduced total physical activity (553 ± 87 vs 526 ± 86 min/d; P < .05). The VAMOS group improved the general healthy eating habits score (36.9 ± 6.6 vs 43.4 ± 5.8; P < .05) and quality of life (44% vs 92%; P < .05). CONCLUSION The VAMOS program was effective in improving eating habits and quality of life in patients with hypertension.
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Medina-Remón A, Kirwan R, Lamuela-Raventós RM, Estruch R. Dietary patterns and the risk of obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular diseases, asthma, and neurodegenerative diseases. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2017; 58:262-296. [PMID: 27127938 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2016.1158690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 169] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Diet and lifestyle play a significant role in the development chronic diseases; however the full complexity of this relationship is not yet understood. Dietary pattern investigation, which reflects the complexity of dietary intake, has emerged as an alternative and complementary approach for examining the association between diet and chronic diseases. Literature on this association has largely focused on individual nutrients, with conflicting outcomes, but individuals consume a combination of foods from many groups that form dietary patterns. Our objective was to systematically review the current findings on the effects of dietary patterns on chronic diseases. In this review, we describe and discuss the relationships between dietary patterns, such as the Mediterranean, the Dietary Approach to Stop Hypertension, Prudent, Seventh-day Adventists, and Western, with risk of obesity, type-2 diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular diseases, asthma, and neurodegenearive diseases. Evidence is increasing from both observational and clinical studies that plant-based dietary patterns, which are rich in fruits, vegetables, and whole grains, are valuable in preventing various chronic diseases, whereas a diet high in red and processed meat, refined grains and added sugar seems to increase said risk. Dietary pattern analysis might be especially valuable to the development and evaluation of food-based dietary guidelines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Medina-Remón
- a Department of Internal Medicine , Hospital Clinic, Biomedical Research Institute "August Pi i Sunyer" (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona , Barcelona , Spain.,b The Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN) . Institute of Health Carlos III , Madrid , Spain
| | - Richard Kirwan
- a Department of Internal Medicine , Hospital Clinic, Biomedical Research Institute "August Pi i Sunyer" (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona , Barcelona , Spain
| | - Rosa M Lamuela-Raventós
- b The Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN) . Institute of Health Carlos III , Madrid , Spain.,c Department of Nutrition, Food Science, and Gastronomy . School of Pharmacy and Food Science. INSA-UB. University of Barcelona , Barcelona , Spain
| | - Ramón Estruch
- a Department of Internal Medicine , Hospital Clinic, Biomedical Research Institute "August Pi i Sunyer" (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona , Barcelona , Spain.,b The Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN) . Institute of Health Carlos III , Madrid , Spain
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45
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Penny ME, Meza KS, Creed‐Kanashiro HM, Marin RM, Donovan J. Fruits and vegetables are incorporated into home cuisine in different ways that are relevant to promoting increased consumption. MATERNAL & CHILD NUTRITION 2017; 13:e12356. [PMID: 27507536 PMCID: PMC6866245 DOI: 10.1111/mcn.12356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2015] [Revised: 06/08/2016] [Accepted: 06/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Fruits and vegetables are essential for healthy life. We examined the fruits and vegetables consumption by 240 caregivers and their children aged 1-17 years in peri-urban Lima, and the ways that they were incorporated into local cuisine. A randomized cross-sectional household survey collected information on the weight of all foods eaten the previous day (24 h) including fruits and vegetables, their preparation and serving sizes. Fruit and vegetable consumption was low and very variable: fruit intake was mean 185.2 ± 171.5 g day-1 , median 138 g day-1 for caregivers and 203.6 ± 190.6 g day-1 and 159 g day-1 for children, vegetable intake was mean 116.9 ± 94.0 g day-1 median 92 g day-1 for caregivers, mean 89.3 ± 84.7 g day-1 median 60 g day-1 for children. Only 23.8% of children and 26.2% of caregivers met the recommended ≥400 g of fruit or vegetable/day. Vegetables were mainly eaten either as ingredients of the main course recipe, eaten by about 80% of caregivers and children, or as salads eaten by 47% of caregivers and 42% of children. Fruits were most commonly eaten as whole fresh fruits eaten by 68% of caregivers and 75% of children. In multivariate analysis of the extent to which different presentations contributed to daily fruit and vegetable consumption, main courses contributed most to determining vegetable intake for caregivers, and for children, main course and salads had similar contributions. For fruit intake, the amount eaten as whole fruit determined total fruit and total fruit plus vegetable intake for both caregivers and children. Local cuisine should be considered in interventions to promote fruit and vegetable consumption. © 2016 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
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Roccaldo R, Censi L, D'Addezio L, Berni Canani S, Gennaro L. A teachers' training program accompanying the "School Fruit Scheme" fruit distribution improves children's adherence to the Mediterranean diet: an Italian trial. Int J Food Sci Nutr 2017; 68:887-900. [PMID: 28335639 DOI: 10.1080/09637486.2017.1303826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The effects of a nutrition education program, led by trained teachers within the Italian School Fruit Scheme, were evaluated. Pre-post intervention children's adherence to the Mediterranean diet (MD) was assessed by the KIDMED test. A representative cluster sample of 494 fourth grade students from thirteen Italian schools in the three areas of low (North), medium (Centre) and high (South) prevalence of overweight and obesity was investigated. Within the same schools, the intervention group (n = 395) received the program, the control group (n = 99) did not. In the intervention group, the proportion of children with high adherence to the MD significantly increased in the total sample, females and South in the post-intervention; no significant changes in levels of adherence related to ponderal status were detected. A significant increase was found, particularly, in the proportion of children who improved their frequency of consumption of fruit and vegetables (FV) daily, especially in the South.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romana Roccaldo
- a Consiglio per la Ricerca in Agricoltura e l'Analisi dell'Economia Agraria , Centro di Ricerca per gli Alimenti e la Nutrizione , Roma , Italy
| | - Laura Censi
- a Consiglio per la Ricerca in Agricoltura e l'Analisi dell'Economia Agraria , Centro di Ricerca per gli Alimenti e la Nutrizione , Roma , Italy
| | - Laura D'Addezio
- a Consiglio per la Ricerca in Agricoltura e l'Analisi dell'Economia Agraria , Centro di Ricerca per gli Alimenti e la Nutrizione , Roma , Italy
| | - Sibilla Berni Canani
- a Consiglio per la Ricerca in Agricoltura e l'Analisi dell'Economia Agraria , Centro di Ricerca per gli Alimenti e la Nutrizione , Roma , Italy
| | - Laura Gennaro
- a Consiglio per la Ricerca in Agricoltura e l'Analisi dell'Economia Agraria , Centro di Ricerca per gli Alimenti e la Nutrizione , Roma , Italy
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Cheung W, Keski-Rahkonen P, Assi N, Ferrari P, Freisling H, Rinaldi S, Slimani N, Zamora-Ros R, Rundle M, Frost G, Gibbons H, Carr E, Brennan L, Cross AJ, Pala V, Panico S, Sacerdote C, Palli D, Tumino R, Kühn T, Kaaks R, Boeing H, Floegel A, Mancini F, Boutron-Ruault MC, Baglietto L, Trichopoulou A, Naska A, Orfanos P, Scalbert A. A metabolomic study of biomarkers of meat and fish intake. Am J Clin Nutr 2017; 105:600-608. [PMID: 28122782 DOI: 10.3945/ajcn.116.146639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2016] [Accepted: 12/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Meat and fish intakes have been associated with various chronic diseases. The use of specific biomarkers may help to assess meat and fish intake and improve subject classification according to the amount and type of meat or fish consumed.Objective: A metabolomic approach was applied to search for biomarkers of meat and fish intake in a dietary intervention study and in free-living subjects from the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) study.Design: In the dietary intervention study, 4 groups of 10 subjects consumed increasing quantities of chicken, red meat, processed meat, and fish over 3 successive weeks. Twenty-four-hour urine samples were collected during each period and analyzed by high-resolution liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Signals characteristic of meat or fish intake were replicated in 50 EPIC subjects for whom a 24-h urine sample and 24-h dietary recall were available and who were selected for their exclusive intake or no intake of any of the 4 same foods.Results: A total of 249 mass spectrometric features showed a positive dose-dependent response to meat or fish intake in the intervention study. Eighteen of these features best predicted intake of the 4 food groups in the EPIC urine samples on the basis of partial receiver operator curve analyses with permutation testing (areas under the curve ranging between 0.61 and 1.0). Of these signals, 8 metabolites were identified. Anserine was found to be specific for chicken intake, whereas trimethylamine-N-oxide showed good specificity for fish. Carnosine and 3 acylcarnitines (acetylcarnitine, propionylcarnitine, and 2-methylbutyrylcarnitine) appeared to be more generic indicators of meat and meat and fish intake, respectively.Conclusion: The meat and fish biomarkers identified in this work may be used to study associations between meat and fish intake and disease risk in epidemiologic studies. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT01684917.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Cheung
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | | | - Nada Assi
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Pietro Ferrari
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | | | - Sabina Rinaldi
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Nadia Slimani
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | | | - Milena Rundle
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Nutrition and Dietetic Research Group, and
| | - Gary Frost
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Nutrition and Dietetic Research Group, and
| | - Helena Gibbons
- Institute of Food and Health, School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Republic of Ireland
| | - Eibhlin Carr
- Institute of Food and Health, School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Republic of Ireland
| | - Lorraine Brennan
- Institute of Food and Health, School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Republic of Ireland
| | - Amanda J Cross
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Valeria Pala
- Department of Preventive and Predictive Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Salvatore Panico
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - Carlotta Sacerdote
- Unit of Cancer Epidemiology, Città della Salute e della Scienza University-Hospital and Center for Cancer Prevention (CPO), Turin, Italy
| | - Domenico Palli
- Cancer Risk Factors and Life-Style Epidemiology Unit, Cancer Research and Prevention Institute (ISPO), Florence, Italy
| | - Rosario Tumino
- Cancer Registry and Histopathology Unit, "Civic-M.P.Arezzo" Hospital, Provincial Health Unit, Ragusa, Italy
| | - Tilman Kühn
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Rudolf Kaaks
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Heiner Boeing
- German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Anna Floegel
- German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Francesca Mancini
- French National Institute of Health and Medical Research (INSERM), Centre for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health (CESP), Health across Generations Team, U1018, Villejuif, France
- Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Marie-Christine Boutron-Ruault
- French National Institute of Health and Medical Research (INSERM), Centre for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health (CESP), Health across Generations Team, U1018, Villejuif, France
- Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
- University Paris Sud, UMRS 1018, Villejuif, France
| | - Laura Baglietto
- Cancer Epidemiology Centre, Cancer Council of Victoria, Melbourne, Australia
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Antonia Trichopoulou
- Hellenic Health Foundation, Athens, Greece; and
- WHO Collaborating Center for Nutrition and Health, Unit of Nutritional Epidemiology and Nutrition in Public Health, Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology, and Medical Statistics, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Androniki Naska
- Hellenic Health Foundation, Athens, Greece; and
- WHO Collaborating Center for Nutrition and Health, Unit of Nutritional Epidemiology and Nutrition in Public Health, Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology, and Medical Statistics, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Philippos Orfanos
- Hellenic Health Foundation, Athens, Greece; and
- WHO Collaborating Center for Nutrition and Health, Unit of Nutritional Epidemiology and Nutrition in Public Health, Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology, and Medical Statistics, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
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Cawley J, Meyerhoefer C, Gillingham LG, Kris-Etherton P, Jones PJH. Estimates of the direct and indirect cost savings associated with heart disease that could be avoided through dietary change in the United States. J Med Econ 2017; 20:182-192. [PMID: 27724055 DOI: 10.1080/13696998.2016.1240084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Diets high in saturated fat are associated with elevated risk of heart disease. This study estimates the savings in direct (medical care) costs and indirect (job absenteeism) costs in the US from reductions in heart disease associated with substituting monounsaturated fats (MUFA) for saturated fats. MATERIALS AND METHODS A four-part model of the medical care cost savings from avoided heart disease was estimated using data on 247,700 adults from the 2000-2010 Medical Expenditure Panel Survey (MEPS). The savings from reduced job absenteeism due to avoided heart disease was estimated using a zero-inflated negative binomial model of the number of annual work loss days applied to data on 164,577 adults from the MEPS. RESULTS Estimated annual savings in medical care expenditures resulting from a switch from a diet high in saturated fat to a high-MUFA diet totaled ∼ $25.7 billion (95% CI = $6.0-$45.4 billion) in 2010, with private insurance plans saving $7.9 billion (95% CI = $1.8-$14.0 billion), Medicare saving $9.4 billion (95% CI = $2.1-$16.7 billion), Medicaid saving $1.4 billion (95% CI = $0.2-$2.5 billion), and patients saving $2.2 billion (95% CI = $0.5-$3.8 billion). The annual savings in terms of reduced job absenteeism ranges from a lower bound of $600 million (95% CI = $100 million to $1.0 billion) to an upper bound of $1.2 billion (95% CI = $0.2-$2.1 billion) for 2010. LIMITATIONS The data cover only the non-institutionalized population. Decreased costs due to any decreases in the severity of heart disease are not included. Cost savings do not include any reduction in informal care at home. CONCLUSIONS Diets high in saturated fat impose substantial medical care costs and job absenteeism costs, and substantial savings could be achieved by substituting MUFA for saturated fat.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Cawley
- a Department of Policy Analysis and Management, and Department of Economics , Cornell University , Ithaca , NY , USA
| | - Chad Meyerhoefer
- b Department of Economics , Lehigh University , Bethlehem , PA , USA
| | - Leah G Gillingham
- c Nutritional Fundamentals for Health Inc. , Vaudreuil-Dorion , QC , Canada
| | - Penny Kris-Etherton
- d Department of Nutritional Sciences , Pennsylvania State University, University Park , PA , USA
| | - Peter J H Jones
- e Richardson Centre for Functional Foods and Nutraceuticals , University of Manitoba , Winnipeg , MB , Canada
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49
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Mehrabani S, Mohammadifard N, Mehrabani S, Sadeghi M, Sajjadi F, Maghroun M, Maracy MR, Safavi SM. The Effect of Nutrition Consultation on Dietary Diversity Score of Cardiac Patients Referred to Cardiac Rehabilitation Research Center Isfahan Cardiovascular Research Institute during 2008-2013. Int J Prev Med 2016; 7:121. [PMID: 27994822 PMCID: PMC5139448 DOI: 10.4103/2008-7802.193464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2015] [Accepted: 09/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dietary diversity score (DDS) measurement was used to assessment of diet quality in different disease like cardiovascular disease. One way to improve the cardiovascular patient's ability is cardiac rehabilitation program that include exercise training, nutrition consultation and psychological treatment. No study was designed to compare the DDS before and after dietary consultation among cardiac rehabilitation patients, so this study was designed to examine this purpose. METHODS Subjects were participated in the 2-month cardiac rehabilitation program. All patients that completed the cardiac rehabilitation program and 2 dietary records (before and after nutritional counseling in cardiac rehabilitation program) enrolled in study. Kant et al method was used for scoring dietary diversity. Data were analyzed using the statistical package for social sciences (SPSS version 20). Wilcoxon test were used to compare DDS score for each subgroup and pair sample T test was used to compare total DDS after and before nutrition counseling. P < 0.05 was considered as statistically significant. RESULTS The differences between DDS of grain, fruit, vegetable and meat before and after nutrition counseling were not significant (P = 0.635, P = 0.423, P = 0.826, P = 0.207 respectively), but differences of DDS for dairy and total DDS before and after nutrition counseling were significant (P = 0, P = 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Dietary diversity was increased after nutrition counseling among patients with cardiac disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sepideh Mehrabani
- Food Security Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran; Department of clinical Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Noushin Mohammadifard
- Isfahan Cardiovascular Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Sanaz Mehrabani
- Food Security Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran; Department of clinical Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Masoumeh Sadeghi
- Cardiac Rehabilitation Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Firouzeh Sajjadi
- Interventional Cardiology Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Maryam Maghroun
- Hypertension Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Maracy
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of public Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Seyyed Morteza Safavi
- Food Security Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran; Department of clinical Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Isfahan, Iran
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50
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Atkins JL, Whincup PH, Morris RW, Lennon LT, Papacosta O, Wannamethee SG. Dietary patterns and the risk of CVD and all-cause mortality in older British men. Br J Nutr 2016; 116:1246-1255. [PMID: 27620002 PMCID: PMC5053073 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114516003147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2016] [Revised: 07/19/2016] [Accepted: 08/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Dietary patterns are a major risk factor for cardiovascular morbidity and mortality; however, few studies have examined this relationship in older adults. We examined prospective associations between dietary patterns and the risk of CVD and all-cause mortality in 3226 older British men, aged 60-79 years and free from CVD at baseline, from the British Regional Heart Study. Baseline FFQ data were used to generate thirty-four food groups. Principal component analysis identified dietary patterns that were categorised into quartiles, with higher quartiles representing higher adherence to the dietary pattern. Cox proportional hazards examined associations between dietary patterns and risk of all-cause mortality and cardiovascular outcomes. We identified three interpretable dietary patterns: 'high fat/low fibre' (high in red meat, meat products, white bread, fried potato, eggs), 'prudent' (high in poultry, fish, fruits, vegetables, legumes, pasta, rice, wholemeal bread, eggs, olive oil) and 'high sugar' (high in biscuits, puddings, chocolates, sweets, sweet spreads, breakfast cereals). During 11 years of follow-up, 899 deaths, 316 CVD-related deaths, 569 CVD events and 301 CHD events occurred. The 'high-fat/low-fibre' dietary pattern was associated with an increased risk of all-cause mortality only, after adjustment for confounders (highest v. lowest quartile; hazard ratio 1·44; 95 % CI 1·13, 1·84). Adherence to a 'high-sugar' diet was associated with a borderline significant trend for an increased risk of CVD and CHD events. The 'prudent' diet did not show a significant trend with cardiovascular outcomes or mortality. Avoiding 'high-fat/low-fibre' and 'high-sugar' dietary components may reduce the risk of cardiovascular events and all-cause mortality in older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janice L. Atkins
- Department of Primary Care and Population Health,
University College London, London NW3
2PF, UK
- Epidemiology and Public Health Group, Medical
School, University of Exeter, RILD
Building, Barrack Road, ExeterEX2 5DW, UK
| | - Peter H. Whincup
- Population Health Research Centre, Division of Population
Health Sciences and Education, St George’s, University of London,
London SW17 0RE, UK
| | - Richard W. Morris
- School of Social and Community Medicine, University of
Bristol, Bristol BS8 2PS, UK
| | - Lucy T. Lennon
- Department of Primary Care and Population Health,
University College London, London NW3
2PF, UK
| | - Olia Papacosta
- Department of Primary Care and Population Health,
University College London, London NW3
2PF, UK
| | - S. Goya Wannamethee
- Department of Primary Care and Population Health,
University College London, London NW3
2PF, UK
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