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Zloh M, Kutilek P, Hejda J, Fiserova I, Kubovciak J, Murakami M, Stofkova A. Visual stimulation and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) have protective effects in experimental autoimmune uveoretinitis. Life Sci 2024; 355:122996. [PMID: 39173995 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2024.122996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2024] [Revised: 07/26/2024] [Accepted: 08/18/2024] [Indexed: 08/24/2024]
Abstract
AIMS To investigate the therapeutic potential of visual stimulation (VS) and BDNF in murine experimental autoimmune uveoretinitis (EAU). MAIN METHODS Mice were immunized by subcutaneous injection of interphotoreceptor retinoid-binding protein in Freund's complete adjuvant and intravenous injection of pertussis toxin, and were then exposed to high-contrast VS 12 h/day (days 1-14 post-immunization). EAU severity was assessed by examining clinical score, visual acuity, inflammatory markers, and immune cells in the retina. The transcriptome of activated retinal cells was determined by RNA-seq using RNA immunoprecipitated in complex with phosphorylated ribosomal protein S6. The retinal levels of protein products of relevant upregulated genes were quantified. The effect of BDNF on EAU was tested in unstimulated mice by its daily topical ocular administration (days 8-14 post-immunization). KEY FINDINGS VS attenuated EAU development and decreased the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines/chemokines and numbers of immune cells in the retina (n = 10-20 eyes/group for each analysis). In activated retinal cells of control mice (n = 30 eyes/group), VS upregulated genes encoding immunomodulatory neuropeptides, of which BDNF and vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) also showed increased mRNA and protein levels in the retina of VS-treated EAU mice (n = 6-10 eyes/group for each analysis). In unstimulated EAU mice, BDNF treatment mimicked the protective effects of VS by modulating the inflammatory and stem cell properties of Müller cells (n = 5 eyes/group for each analysis). SIGNIFICANCE VS effectively suppresses EAU, at least through enhancing retinal levels of anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective factors, VIP and BDNF. Our findings also suggest BDNF as a promising therapeutic agent for uveitis treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miloslav Zloh
- Department of Physiology, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Patrik Kutilek
- Department of Health Care and Population Protection, Faculty of Biomedical Engineering, Czech Technical University in Prague, Kladno, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Hejda
- Department of Health Care and Population Protection, Faculty of Biomedical Engineering, Czech Technical University in Prague, Kladno, Czech Republic
| | - Ivana Fiserova
- Department of Physiology, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic; Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Kubovciak
- Laboratory of Genomics and Bioinformatics, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Masaaki Murakami
- Division of Molecular Psychoimmunology, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan; Group of Quantum Immunology, Institute for Quantum Life Science, National Institute for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology (QST), Chiba, Japan; Division of Molecular Neuroimmunology, Department of Homeostatic Regulation, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Aichi, Japan; Institute for Vaccine Research and Development (HU-IVReD), Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Andrea Stofkova
- Department of Physiology, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic.
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Husna N, Aiba T, Fujita SI, Saito Y, Shiba D, Kudo T, Takahashi S, Furukawa S, Muratani M. Release of CD36-associated cell-free mitochondrial DNA and RNA as a hallmark of space environment response. Nat Commun 2024; 15:4814. [PMID: 38862469 PMCID: PMC11166646 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-41995-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2024] Open
Abstract
A detailed understanding of how spaceflight affects human health is essential for long-term space exploration. Liquid biopsies allow for minimally-invasive multi-omics assessments that can resolve the molecular heterogeneity of internal tissues. Here, we report initial results from the JAXA Cell-Free Epigenome Study, a liquid biopsy study with six astronauts who resided on the International Space Station (ISS) for more than 120 days. Analysis of plasma cell-free RNA (cfRNA) collected before, during, and after spaceflight confirms previously reported mitochondrial dysregulation in space. Screening with 361 cell surface marker antibodies identifies a mitochondrial DNA-enriched fraction associated with the scavenger receptor CD36. RNA-sequencing of the CD36 fraction reveals tissue-enriched RNA species, suggesting the plasma mitochondrial components originated from various tissues. We compare our plasma cfRNA data to mouse plasma cfRNA data from a previous JAXA mission, which had used on-board artificial gravity, and discover a link between microgravity and the observed mitochondrial responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nailil Husna
- Department of Genome Biology, Institute of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8575, Japan
- Program in Humanics, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8573, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Aiba
- Human Spaceflight Technology Directorate, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Ibaraki, 305-8505, Japan
| | - Shin-Ichiro Fujita
- Department of Genome Biology, Institute of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8575, Japan
- Department of Neurobiology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60201, USA
| | - Yoshika Saito
- Faculty of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8303, Japan
| | - Dai Shiba
- Human Spaceflight Technology Directorate, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Ibaraki, 305-8505, Japan
| | - Takashi Kudo
- Transborder Medical Research Center, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8575, Japan
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Institute of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8575, Japan
| | - Satoru Takahashi
- Transborder Medical Research Center, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8575, Japan
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Institute of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8575, Japan
| | - Satoshi Furukawa
- Human Spaceflight Technology Directorate, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Ibaraki, 305-8505, Japan
| | - Masafumi Muratani
- Department of Genome Biology, Institute of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8575, Japan.
- Transborder Medical Research Center, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8575, Japan.
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3
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Kondo T, Okada Y, Shizuya S, Yamaguchi N, Hatakeyama S, Maruyama K. Neuroimmune modulation by tryptophan derivatives in neurological and inflammatory disorders. Eur J Cell Biol 2024; 103:151418. [PMID: 38729083 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2024.151418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2023] [Revised: 05/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The nervous and immune systems are highly developed, and each performs specialized physiological functions. However, they work together, and their dysfunction is associated with various diseases. Specialized molecules, such as neurotransmitters, cytokines, and more general metabolites, are essential for the appropriate regulation of both systems. Tryptophan, an essential amino acid, is converted into functional molecules such as serotonin and kynurenine, both of which play important roles in the nervous and immune systems. The role of kynurenine metabolites in neurodegenerative and psychiatric diseases has recently received particular attention. Recently, we found that hyperactivity of the kynurenine pathway is a critical risk factor for septic shock. In this review, we first outline neuroimmune interactions and tryptophan derivatives and then summarized the changes in tryptophan metabolism in neurological disorders. Finally, we discuss the potential of tryptophan derivatives as therapeutic targets for neuroimmune disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Kondo
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido 060-8636, Japan
| | - Yuka Okada
- Department of Ophthalmology, Wakayama Medical University School of Medicine, Wakayama 641-0012, Japan
| | - Saika Shizuya
- Department of Ophthalmology, Wakayama Medical University School of Medicine, Wakayama 641-0012, Japan
| | - Naoko Yamaguchi
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Aichi Medical University, Aichi 480-1195, Japan
| | - Shigetsugu Hatakeyama
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido 060-8636, Japan
| | - Kenta Maruyama
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Aichi Medical University, Aichi 480-1195, Japan.
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4
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Jarosz ŁS, Socała K, Michalak K, Wiater A, Ciszewski A, Majewska M, Marek A, Grądzki Z, Wlaź P. The effect of psychoactive bacteria, Bifidobacterium longum Rosell®-175 and Lactobacillus rhamnosus JB-1, on brain proteome profiles in mice. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2024; 241:925-945. [PMID: 38156998 PMCID: PMC11031467 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-023-06519-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
RATIONALE The gut microbiota may play an important role in the development and functioning of the mammalian central nervous system. The assumption of the experiment was to prove that the use of probiotic bacterial strains in the diet of mice modifies the expression of brain proteins involved in metabolic and immunological processes. OBJECTIVES AND RESULTS Albino Swiss mice were administered with Bifidobacterium longum Rosell®-175 or Lactobacillus rhamnosus JB-1 every 24 h for 28 days. Protein maps were prepared from hippocampal homogenates of euthanized mice. Selected proteins that were statistically significant were purified and concentrated and identified using MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry. Among the analysed samples, 13 proteins were identified. The mean volumes of calcyon, secreted frizzled-associated protein 3, and catalase in the hippocampus of mice from both experimental groups were statistically significantly higher than in the control group. In mice supplemented with Lactobacillus rhamnosus JB-1, a lower mean volume of fragrance binding protein 2, shadow of prion protein, and glycine receptor α4 subunit was observed compared to the control. CONCLUSION The psychobiotics Bifidobacterium longum Rosell®-175 and Lactobacillus rhamnosus JB-1enhances expression of proteins involved in the activation and maturation of nerve cells, as well as myelination and homeostatic regulation of neurogenesis in mice. The tested psychobiotics cause a decrease in the expression of proteins associated with CNS development and in synaptic transmission, thereby reducing the capacity for communication between nerve cells. The results of the study indicate that psychobiotic bacteria can be used in auxiliary treatment of neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Łukasz S Jarosz
- Department of Epizootiology and Clinic of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Głęboka 30, 20-612, Lublin, Poland.
| | - Katarzyna Socała
- Department of Animal Physiology and Pharmacology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, Akademicka 19, 20-033, Lublin, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Michalak
- Department of Epizootiology and Clinic of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Głęboka 30, 20-612, Lublin, Poland
| | - Adrian Wiater
- Department of Industrial and Environmental Microbiology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, Akademicka 19, 20-033, Lublin, Poland
| | - Artur Ciszewski
- Department of Epizootiology and Clinic of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Głęboka 30, 20-612, Lublin, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Majewska
- Department of Industrial and Environmental Microbiology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, Akademicka 19, 20-033, Lublin, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Marek
- Department of Preventive Veterinary and Avian Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Głęboka 30, 20-612, Lublin, Poland
| | - Zbigniew Grądzki
- Department of Epizootiology and Clinic of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Głęboka 30, 20-612, Lublin, Poland
| | - Piotr Wlaź
- Department of Animal Physiology and Pharmacology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, Akademicka 19, 20-033, Lublin, Poland
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5
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Hayashi Y. Signaling pathways regulating the immune function of cochlear supporting cells and their involvement in cochlear pathophysiology. Glia 2024; 72:665-676. [PMID: 37933494 DOI: 10.1002/glia.24476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2022] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023]
Abstract
The inner ear, including the cochlea, used to be regarded as an immune-privileged site because of its immunologically isolated environment caused by the blood-labyrinthine barrier. Cochlear resident macrophages, which originate from the yolk sac or fetal liver during the embryonic stage and are maintained after birth, are distributed throughout various regions of the cochlear duct. Intriguingly, these cells are absent in the organ of Corti, where hair cells (HCs) and supporting cells (SCs) are located, except for a limited number of ionized calcium-binding adapter molecule 1 (Iba1)-positive cells. Instead, SCs exert glial functions varying from a quiescent to an emergency state. Notably, SCs acquire the nature of macrophages and begin to secrete inflammatory cytokines during viral infection in the organ of Corti, which is ostensibly unprotected owing to the lack of general resident macrophages. This review provides an overview of both positive and negative functions of SCs enabled to acquire macrophage phenotypes upon viral infection focusing on the signaling pathways that regulate these functions. The former function protects HCs from viral infection by inducting type I interferons, and the latter function induces HC death by necroptosis, leading to sensorineural hearing loss. Thus, SCs play contradictory roles as immune cells with acquired macrophage phenotypes; thereby, they are favorable and unfavorable to HCs, which play a pivotal role in hearing function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yushi Hayashi
- Department of Molecular and Medical Genetics, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
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6
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Tanaka Y, Ohki I, Murakami K, Ozawa S, Wang Y, Murakami M. The gateway reflex regulates tissue-specific autoimmune diseases. Inflamm Regen 2024; 44:12. [PMID: 38449060 PMCID: PMC10919025 DOI: 10.1186/s41232-024-00325-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024] Open
Abstract
The dynamic interaction and movement of substances and cells between the central nervous system (CNS) and peripheral organs are meticulously controlled by a specialized vascular structure, the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Experimental and clinical research has shown that disruptions in the BBB are characteristic of various neuroinflammatory disorders, including multiple sclerosis. We have been elucidating a mechanism termed the "gateway reflex" that details the entry of immune cells, notably autoreactive T cells, into the CNS at the onset of such diseases. This process is initiated through local neural responses to a range of environmental stimuli, such as gravity, electricity, pain, stress, light, and joint inflammation. These stimuli specifically activate neural pathways to open gateways at targeted blood vessels for blood immune cell entry. The gateway reflex is pivotal in managing tissue-specific inflammatory diseases, and its improper activation is linked to disease progression. In this review, we present a comprehensive examination of the gateway reflex mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Tanaka
- Division of Molecular Psychoimmunology, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.
- Quantumimmunology Team, Institute for Quantum Life Science, National Institute for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan.
| | - Izuru Ohki
- Division of Molecular Psychoimmunology, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
- Quantumimmunology Team, Institute for Quantum Life Science, National Institute for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan
| | - Kaoru Murakami
- Division of Molecular Psychoimmunology, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Satoshi Ozawa
- Quantumimmunology Team, Institute for Quantum Life Science, National Institute for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yaze Wang
- Quantumimmunology Team, Institute for Quantum Life Science, National Institute for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan
| | - Masaaki Murakami
- Division of Molecular Psychoimmunology, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.
- Quantumimmunology Team, Institute for Quantum Life Science, National Institute for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan.
- Division of Molecular Neuroimmunology, Department of Homeostatic Regulation, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Okazaki, Aichi, Japan.
- Institute for Vaccine Research and Development (HU-IVReD), Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.
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7
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Chen BR, Wu T, Chen TH, Wang Y. Neuroimmune interactions and their roles in neurodegenerative diseases. FUNDAMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 4:251-261. [PMID: 38933502 PMCID: PMC11197660 DOI: 10.1016/j.fmre.2023.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The nervous system possesses bidirectional, sophisticated and delicate communications with the immune system. These neuroimmune interactions play a vitally important role in the initiation and development of many disorders, especially neurodegenerative diseases. Although scientific advancements have made tremendous progress in this field during the last few years, neuroimmune communications are still far from being elucidated. By organizing recent research, in this review, we discuss the local and intersystem neuroimmune interactions and their roles in Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Unveiling these will help us gain a better understanding of the process of interplay inside the body and how the organism maintains homeostasis. It will also facilitate a view of the diseases from a holistic, pluralistic and interconnected perspective, thus providing a basis of developing novel and effective methods to diagnose, intervene and treat diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bai-Rong Chen
- Neuroscience Research Institute and Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory for Neuroscience, Ministry of Education/National Health Commission and State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Ting Wu
- Neuroscience Research Institute and Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory for Neuroscience, Ministry of Education/National Health Commission and State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Ting-Hui Chen
- Neuroscience Research Institute and Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory for Neuroscience, Ministry of Education/National Health Commission and State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yun Wang
- Neuroscience Research Institute and Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory for Neuroscience, Ministry of Education/National Health Commission and State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University, Beijing 100083, China
- PKU-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
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8
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Rademeyer KM, R Nass S, Jones AM, Ohene-Nyako M, Hauser KF, McRae M. Fentanyl dysregulates neuroinflammation and disrupts blood-brain barrier integrity in HIV-1 Tat transgenic mice. J Neurovirol 2024; 30:1-21. [PMID: 38280928 PMCID: PMC11232468 DOI: 10.1007/s13365-023-01186-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2023] [Revised: 10/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/29/2024]
Abstract
Opioid overdose deaths have dramatically increased by 781% from 1999 to 2021. In the setting of HIV, opioid drug abuse exacerbates neurotoxic effects of HIV in the brain, as opioids enhance viral replication, promote neuronal dysfunction and injury, and dysregulate an already compromised inflammatory response. Despite the rise in fentanyl abuse and the close association between opioid abuse and HIV infection, the interactive comorbidity between fentanyl abuse and HIV has yet to be examined in vivo. The HIV-1 Tat-transgenic mouse model was used to understand the interactive effects between fentanyl and HIV. Tat is an essential protein produced during HIV that drives the transcription of new virions and exerts neurotoxic effects within the brain. The Tat-transgenic mouse model uses a glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP)-driven tetracycline promoter which limits Tat production to the brain and this model is well used for examining mechanisms related to neuroHIV. After 7 days of fentanyl exposure, brains were harvested. Tight junction proteins, the vascular cell adhesion molecule, and platelet-derived growth factor receptor-β were measured to examine the integrity of the blood brain barrier. The immune response was assessed using a mouse-specific multiplex chemokine assay. For the first time in vivo, we demonstrate that fentanyl by itself can severely disrupt the blood-brain barrier and dysregulate the immune response. In addition, we reveal associations between inflammatory markers and tight junction proteins at the blood-brain barrier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kara M Rademeyer
- Department of Pharmacotherapy and Outcomes Science, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, 23298, U.S.A
| | - Sara R Nass
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, U.S.A
| | - Austin M Jones
- Department of Pharmacotherapy and Outcomes Science, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, 23298, U.S.A
| | - Michael Ohene-Nyako
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, U.S.A
| | - Kurt F Hauser
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, U.S.A
| | - MaryPeace McRae
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, U.S.A..
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9
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Tanaka H, Hasebe R, Murakami K, Sugawara T, Yamasaki T, Murakami M. Gateway reflexes describe novel neuro-immune communications that establish immune cell gateways at specific vessels. Bioelectron Med 2023; 9:24. [PMID: 37936169 PMCID: PMC10631009 DOI: 10.1186/s42234-023-00126-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuroinflammation is an important biological process induced by complex interactions between immune cells and neuronal cells in the central nervous system (CNS). Recent research on the bidirectional communication between neuronal and immunological systems has provided evidence for how immune and inflammatory processes are regulated by nerve activation. One example is the gateway reflex, in which immune cells bypass the blood brain barrier and infiltrate the CNS to cause neuroinflammation. We have found several modes of the gateway reflex in mouse models, in which gateways for immune cells are established at specific blood vessels in the spinal cords and brain in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis and systemic lupus erythematosus models, at retinal blood vessels in an experimental autoimmune uveitis model, and the ankle joints in an inflammatory arthritis model. Several environmental stimulations, including physical and psychological stresses, activate neurological pathways that alter immunological responses via the gateway reflex, thus contributing to the development/suppression of autoimmune diseases. In the manuscript, we describe the discovery of the gateway reflex and recent insights on how they regulate disease development. We hypothesize that artificial manipulation of specific neural pathways can establish and/or close the gateways to control the development of autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Tanaka
- Division of Molecular Psychoimmunology, Institute for Genetic Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita-15, Nishi-7, Kita-Ku, Sapporo, 060-0815, Japan.
| | - Rie Hasebe
- Division of Molecular Psychoimmunology, Institute for Genetic Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita-15, Nishi-7, Kita-Ku, Sapporo, 060-0815, Japan
- Division of Molecular Neuroimmunology, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, national Institute for Natural Sciences, Nishi-38, Myodaiji-cho, Okazaki, 444-8585, Japan
| | - Kaoru Murakami
- Division of Molecular Psychoimmunology, Institute for Genetic Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita-15, Nishi-7, Kita-Ku, Sapporo, 060-0815, Japan
| | - Toshiki Sugawara
- Division of Molecular Psychoimmunology, Institute for Genetic Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita-15, Nishi-7, Kita-Ku, Sapporo, 060-0815, Japan
| | - Takeshi Yamasaki
- Division of Molecular Psychoimmunology, Institute for Genetic Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita-15, Nishi-7, Kita-Ku, Sapporo, 060-0815, Japan
- Division of Molecular Neuroimmunology, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, national Institute for Natural Sciences, Nishi-38, Myodaiji-cho, Okazaki, 444-8585, Japan
| | - Masaaki Murakami
- Division of Molecular Psychoimmunology, Institute for Genetic Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita-15, Nishi-7, Kita-Ku, Sapporo, 060-0815, Japan.
- Division of Molecular Neuroimmunology, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, national Institute for Natural Sciences, Nishi-38, Myodaiji-cho, Okazaki, 444-8585, Japan.
- Group of Quantum Immunology, Institute for Quantum Life Science, National Institute for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology (QST), Anagawa 4-9-1, Inage-Ku, Chiba, 263-8555, Japan.
- Institute for Vaccine Research and Development (HU-IVReD), Hokkaido University, Nishi-11, Kita-21, Kuta-Ku, Sapporo, 001-0020, Japan.
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10
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Ciryam P, Gerzanich V, Simard JM. Interleukin-6 in Traumatic Brain Injury: A Janus-Faced Player in Damage and Repair. J Neurotrauma 2023; 40:2249-2269. [PMID: 37166354 PMCID: PMC10649197 DOI: 10.1089/neu.2023.0135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a common and often devastating illness, with wide-ranging public health implications. In addition to the primary injury, victims of TBI are at risk for secondary neurological injury by numerous mechanisms. Current treatments are limited and do not target the profound immune response associated with injury. This immune response reflects a convergence of peripheral and central nervous system-resident immune cells whose interaction is mediated in part by a disruption in the blood-brain barrier (BBB). The diverse family of cytokines helps to govern this communication and among these, Interleukin (IL)-6 is a notable player in the immune response to acute neurological injury. It is also a well-established pharmacological target in a variety of other disease contexts. In TBI, elevated IL-6 levels are associated with worse outcomes, but the role of IL-6 in response to injury is double-edged. IL-6 promotes neurogenesis and wound healing in animal models of TBI, but it may also contribute to disruptions in the BBB and the progression of cerebral edema. Here, we review IL-6 biology in the context of TBI, with an eye to clarifying its controversial role and understanding its potential as a target for modulating the immune response in this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prajwal Ciryam
- Shock Trauma Neurocritical Care, Program in Trauma, R Adams Cowley Shock Trauma Center, University of Maryland Medical System, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Volodymyr Gerzanich
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - J. Marc Simard
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of Physiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of Pathology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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Sonkodi B, Marsovszky L, Csorba A, Balog A, Kopper B, Keller-Pintér A, Nagy ZZ, Resch MD. Disrupted Neural Regeneration in Dry Eye Secondary to Ankylosing Spondylitis-With a Theoretical Link between Piezo2 Channelopathy and Gateway Reflex, WDR Neurons, and Flare-Ups. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15455. [PMID: 37895134 PMCID: PMC10607705 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242015455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2023] [Revised: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed at analyzing the corneal neural regeneration in ankylosing spondylitis patients using in vivo corneal confocal microscopy in correlation with Langerhans cell density, morphology, and dry eye parameters. Approximately 24 ankylosing spondylitis subjects and 35 age- and gender-matched control subjects were enrolled. Data analysis showed that all corneal nerve-fiber descriptives were lower in the ankylosing spondylitis group, implicating disrupted neural regeneration. Peripheral Langerhans cell density showed a negative correlation with nerve fiber descriptions. A negative correlation between tear film break-up time and corneal nerve fiber total branch density was detected. The potential role of somatosensory terminal Piezo2 channelopathy in the pathogenesis of dry eye disease and ankylosing spondylitis is highlighted in our study, exposing the neuroimmunological link between these diseases. We hypothesized earlier that spinal neuroimmune-induced sensitization due to this somatosensory terminal primary damage could lead to Langerhans cell activation in the cornea, in association with downregulated Piezo1 channels on these cells. This activation could lead to a Th17/Treg imbalance in dry eye secondary to ankylosing spondylitis. Hence, the corneal Piezo2 channelopathy-induced impaired Piezo2-Piezo1 crosstalk could explain the disrupted neural regeneration. Moreover, the translation of our findings highlights the link between Piezo2 channelopathy-induced gateway to pathophysiology and the gateway reflex, not to mention the potential role of spinal wide dynamic range neurons in the evolution of neuropathic pain and the flare-ups in ankylosing spondylitis and dry eye disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Balázs Sonkodi
- Department of Health Sciences and Sport Medicine, Hungarian University of Sports Science, 1123 Budapest, Hungary
| | - László Marsovszky
- Department of Ophthalmology, Semmelweis University, 1085 Budapest, Hungary; (L.M.)
| | - Anita Csorba
- Department of Ophthalmology, Semmelweis University, 1085 Budapest, Hungary; (L.M.)
| | - Attila Balog
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Albert Szent-Györgyi Medical School, University of Szeged, 6725 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Bence Kopper
- Faculty of Kinesiology, Hungarian University of Sports Science, 1123 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Anikó Keller-Pintér
- Department of Biochemistry, Albert Szent-Györgyi Medical School, University of Szeged, 6725 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Zoltán Zsolt Nagy
- Department of Ophthalmology, Semmelweis University, 1085 Budapest, Hungary; (L.M.)
| | - Miklós D. Resch
- Department of Ophthalmology, Semmelweis University, 1085 Budapest, Hungary; (L.M.)
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12
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Althobity AA, Khan N, Sandrock CJ, Woodruff TM, Cowin GJ, Brereton IM, Kurniawan ND. Multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging for detection of pathological changes in the central nervous system of a mouse model of multiple sclerosis in vivo. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2023; 36:e4964. [PMID: 37122101 PMCID: PMC10909458 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.4964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Revised: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune disease involving demyelination and axonal damage in the central nervous system (CNS). In this study, we investigated pathological changes in the lumbar spinal cord of C57BL/6 mice induced with progressive experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) disease using 9.4-T magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Multiparametric MRI measurements including MR spectroscopy, diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and volumetric analyses were applied to detect metabolic changes in the CNS of EAE mice. Compared with healthy mice, EAE mice showed a significant reduction in N-acetyl aspartate and increases in choline, glycine, taurine and lactate. DTI revealed a significant reduction in fractional anisotropy and axial diffusivity and an increase in radial diffusivity in the lumbar spinal cord white matter (WM), while in the grey matter (GM), fractional anisotropy increased. High-resolution structural imaging also revealed lumbar spinal cord WM hypertrophy and GM atrophy. Importantly, these MRI changes were strongly correlated with EAE disease scoring and pathological changes in the lumbar (L2-L6), particularly WM demyelination lesions and aggregation of immune cells (microglia/macrophages and astrocytes) in this region. This study identified changes in MRI biomarker signatures that can be useful for evaluating the efficacy of novel drugs using EAE models in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdullah A. Althobity
- Centre for Advanced ImagingThe University of QueenslandBrisbaneAustralia
- Al Azhar HospitalRiyadhSaudi Arabia
- Society of Artificial Intelligence in HealthcareRiyadhSaudi Arabia
- Department of Radiological Sciences and Medical Imaging, College of Applied Medical SciencesMajmaah UniversityMajmaahSaudi Arabia
| | - Nemat Khan
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Biomedical SciencesThe University of QueenslandBrisbaneAustralia
| | - Cheyenne J. Sandrock
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Biomedical SciencesThe University of QueenslandBrisbaneAustralia
| | - Trent M. Woodruff
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Biomedical SciencesThe University of QueenslandBrisbaneAustralia
- Queensland Brain InstituteThe University of QueenslandBrisbaneAustralia
| | - Gary J. Cowin
- Centre for Advanced ImagingThe University of QueenslandBrisbaneAustralia
- NCRIS Australian National Imaging FacilityThe University of QueenslandBrisbaneAustralia
| | - Ian M. Brereton
- Centre for Advanced ImagingThe University of QueenslandBrisbaneAustralia
- NCRIS Australian National Imaging FacilityThe University of QueenslandBrisbaneAustralia
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13
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Yamamoto R, Yamada S, Atsumi T, Murakami K, Hashimoto A, Naito S, Tanaka Y, Ohki I, Shinohara Y, Iwasaki N, Yoshimura A, Jiang JJ, Kamimura D, Hojyo S, Kubota SI, Hashimoto S, Murakami M. Computer model of IL-6-dependent rheumatoid arthritis in F759 mice. Int Immunol 2023; 35:403-421. [PMID: 37227084 DOI: 10.1093/intimm/dxad016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The interleukin-6 (IL-6) amplifier, which describes the simultaneous activation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) and NF-κb nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), in synovial fibroblasts causes the infiltration of immune cells into the joints of F759 mice. The result is a disease that resembles human rheumatoid arthritis. However, the kinetics and regulatory mechanisms of how augmented transcriptional activation by STAT3 and NF-κB leads to F759 arthritis is unknown. We here show that the STAT3-NF-κB complex is present in the cytoplasm and nucleus and accumulates around NF-κB binding sites of the IL-6 promoter region and established a computer model that shows IL-6 and IL-17 (interleukin 17) signaling promotes the formation of the STAT3-NF-κB complex followed by its binding on promoter regions of NF-κB target genes to accelerate inflammatory responses, including the production of IL-6, epiregulin, and C-C motif chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2), phenotypes consistent with in vitro experiments. The binding also promoted cell growth in the synovium and the recruitment of T helper 17 (Th17) cells and macrophages in the joints. Anti-IL-6 blocking antibody treatment inhibited inflammatory responses even at the late phase, but anti-IL-17 and anti-TNFα antibodies did not. However, anti-IL-17 antibody at the early phase showed inhibitory effects, suggesting that the IL-6 amplifier is dependent on IL-6 and IL-17 stimulation at the early phase, but only on IL-6 at the late phase. These findings demonstrate the molecular mechanism of F759 arthritis can be recapitulated in silico and identify a possible therapeutic strategy for IL-6 amplifier-dependent chronic inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reiji Yamamoto
- Molecular Psychoneuroimmunology, Institute of Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Satoshi Yamada
- Faculty of Information Science and Engineering, Okayama University of Science, Okayama, Japan
| | - Toru Atsumi
- Molecular Psychoneuroimmunology, Institute of Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Kaoru Murakami
- Molecular Psychoneuroimmunology, Institute of Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Ari Hashimoto
- Department of Molecular Biology, Hokkaido University Faculty of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Seiichiro Naito
- Molecular Psychoneuroimmunology, Institute of Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yuki Tanaka
- Molecular Psychoneuroimmunology, Institute of Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
- Team of Quantum immunology, Institute for Quantum Life Science, National Institute for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology (QST), Chiba, Japan
| | - Izuru Ohki
- Team of Quantum immunology, Institute for Quantum Life Science, National Institute for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology (QST), Chiba, Japan
| | - Yuta Shinohara
- Molecular Psychoneuroimmunology, Institute of Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Norimasa Iwasaki
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Akihiko Yoshimura
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Jing-Jing Jiang
- Molecular Psychoneuroimmunology, Institute of Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Daisuke Kamimura
- Molecular Psychoneuroimmunology, Institute of Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Shintaro Hojyo
- Molecular Psychoneuroimmunology, Institute of Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Shimpei I Kubota
- Molecular Psychoneuroimmunology, Institute of Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Shigeru Hashimoto
- Molecular Psychoneuroimmunology, Institute of Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Masaaki Murakami
- Molecular Psychoneuroimmunology, Institute of Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
- Team of Quantum immunology, Institute for Quantum Life Science, National Institute for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology (QST), Chiba, Japan
- Neuroimmunology, Department of Homeostatic Regulation, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Aichi 444-8585, Japan
- Institute for Vaccine Research and Development (HU-IVReD), Hokkaido University, Sapporo 001-0020, Japan
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14
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Liu X, Zhao Z, Dai W, Liao K, Sun Q, Chen D, Pan X, Feng L, Ding Y, Wei S. The Development of Immunotherapy for the Treatment of Recurrent Glioblastoma. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:4308. [PMID: 37686584 PMCID: PMC10486426 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15174308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Recurrent glioblastoma (rGBM) is a highly aggressive form of brain cancer that poses a significant challenge for treatment in neuro-oncology, and the survival status of patients after relapse usually means rapid deterioration, thus becoming the leading cause of death among patients. In recent years, immunotherapy has emerged as a promising strategy for the treatment of recurrent glioblastoma by stimulating the body's immune system to recognize and attack cancer cells, which could be used in combination with other treatments such as surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy to improve outcomes for patients with recurrent glioblastoma. This therapy combines several key methods such as the use of monoclonal antibodies, chimeric antigen receptor T cell (CAR-T) therapy, checkpoint inhibitors, oncolytic viral therapy cancer vaccines, and combination strategies. In this review, we mainly document the latest immunotherapies for the treatment of glioblastoma and especially focus on rGBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xudong Liu
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; (X.L.); (Y.D.)
| | - Zihui Zhao
- School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200011, China;
| | - Wufei Dai
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering Research, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200011, China;
| | - Kuo Liao
- School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China;
| | - Qi Sun
- School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; (Q.S.); (L.F.)
| | - Dongjiang Chen
- Division of Neuro-Oncology, USC Keck Brain Tumor Center, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA;
| | - Xingxin Pan
- Department of Oncology, Livestrong Cancer Institutes, Dell Medical School, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA;
| | - Lishuang Feng
- School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; (Q.S.); (L.F.)
| | - Ying Ding
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; (X.L.); (Y.D.)
| | - Shiyou Wei
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
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15
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Teoh YB, Jiang JJ, Yamasaki T, Nagata N, Sugawara T, Hasebe R, Ohta H, Sasaki N, Yokoyama N, Nakamura K, Kagawa Y, Takiguchi M, Murakami M. An inflammatory bowel disease-associated SNP increases local thyroglobulin expression to develop inflammation in miniature dachshunds. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1192888. [PMID: 37519997 PMCID: PMC10375717 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1192888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory colorectal polyp (ICRP) in miniature dachshunds (MDs) is a chronic inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) characterized by granulomatous inflammation that consists of neutrophil infiltration and goblet cell hyperplasia in the colon. Recently, we identified five MD-associated single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), namely PLG, TCOF1, TG, COL9A2, and COL4A4, by whole-exome sequencing. Here, we investigated whether TG c.4567C>T (p.R1523W) is associated with the ICRP pathology. We found that the frequency of the T/T SNP risk allele was significantly increased in MDs with ICRP. In vitro experiments showed that TG expression in non-immune cells was increased by inducing the IL-6 amplifier with IL-6 and TNF-α. On the other hand, a deficiency of TG suppressed the IL-6 amplifier. Moreover, recombinant TG treatment enhanced the activation of the IL-6 amplifier, suggesting that TG is both a positive regulator and a target of the IL-6 amplifier. We also found that TG expression together with two NF-κB targets, IL6 and CCL2, was increased in colon samples isolated from MDs with the T/T risk allele compared to those with the C/C non-risk allele, but serum TG was not increased. Cumulatively, these results suggest that the T/T SNP is an expression quantitative trait locus (eQTL) of TG mRNA in the colon, and local TG expression triggered by this SNP increases the risk of ICRP in MDs via the IL-6 amplifier. Therefore, TG c.4567C>T is a diagnostic target for ICRP in MDs, and TG-mediated IL-6 amplifier activation in the colon is a possible therapeutic target for ICRP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Bin Teoh
- Division of Molecular Psychoneuroimmunology, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Jing-Jing Jiang
- Division of Molecular Psychoneuroimmunology, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Takeshi Yamasaki
- Division of Molecular Psychoneuroimmunology, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
- Division of Molecular Neuroimmunology, Department of Homeostatic Regulation, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Okazaki, Japan
| | - Noriyuki Nagata
- Division of Molecular Psychoneuroimmunology, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
- Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Toshiki Sugawara
- Division of Molecular Psychoneuroimmunology, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Rie Hasebe
- Division of Molecular Psychoneuroimmunology, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
- Division of Molecular Neuroimmunology, Department of Homeostatic Regulation, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Okazaki, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Ohta
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, Ebetsu, Japan
| | - Noboru Sasaki
- Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Nozomu Yokoyama
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Kensuke Nakamura
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | | | - Mitsuyoshi Takiguchi
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Masaaki Murakami
- Division of Molecular Psychoneuroimmunology, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
- Division of Molecular Neuroimmunology, Department of Homeostatic Regulation, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Okazaki, Japan
- Group of Quantum Immunology, Institute for Quantum Life Science, National Institute for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology (QST), Chiba, Japan
- Institute for Vaccine Research and Development (HU-IVReD), Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
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16
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Kida H, Jiang JJ, Matsui Y, Takahashi I, Hasebe R, Kawamura D, Endo T, Shibayama H, Kondo M, Nishio Y, Nishida K, Matsuno Y, Oikawa T, Kubota SI, Hojyo S, Iwasaki N, Hashimoto S, Tanaka Y, Murakami M. Dupuytren's contracture-associated SNPs increase SFRP4 expression in non-immune cells including fibroblasts to enhance inflammation development. Int Immunol 2023; 35:303-312. [PMID: 36719100 DOI: 10.1093/intimm/dxad004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Dupuytren's contracture (DC) is an inflammatory fibrosis characterized by fibroproliferative disorders of the palmar aponeurosis, for which there is no effective treatment. Although several genome-wide association studies have identified risk alleles associated with DC, the functional linkage between these alleles and the pathogenesis remains elusive. We here focused on two single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with DC, rs16879765 and rs17171229, in secreted frizzled related protein 4 (SFRP4). We investigated the association of SRFP4 with the IL-6 amplifier, which amplifies the production of IL-6, growth factors and chemokines in non-immune cells and aggravates inflammatory diseases via NF-κB enhancement. Knockdown of SFRP4 suppressed activation of the IL-6 amplifier in vitro and in vivo, whereas the overexpression of SFRP4 induced the activation of NF-κB-mediated transcription activity. Mechanistically, SFRP4 induced NF-κB activation by directly binding to molecules of the ubiquitination SFC complex, such as IkBα and βTrCP, followed by IkBα degradation. Furthermore, SFRP4 expression was significantly increased in fibroblasts derived from DC patients bearing the risk alleles. Consistently, fibroblasts with the risk alleles enhanced activation of the IL-6 amplifier. These findings indicate that the IL-6 amplifier is involved in the pathogenesis of DC, particularly in patients harboring the SFRP4 risk alleles. Therefore, SFRP4 is a potential therapeutic target for various inflammatory diseases and disorders, including DC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroaki Kida
- Division of Molecular Psychoimmunology, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Jing-Jing Jiang
- Division of Molecular Psychoimmunology, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yuichiro Matsui
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
- Section for Clinical Education, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Ikuko Takahashi
- Division of Molecular Psychoimmunology, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Rie Hasebe
- Division of Molecular Psychoimmunology, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
- Division of Molecular Neuroimmunology, Department of Homeostatic Regulation, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Okazaki, Aichi, Japan
| | - Daisuke Kawamura
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Takeshi Endo
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Hiroki Shibayama
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Makoto Kondo
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Hokkaido Orthopedic Memorial Hospital, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yasuhiko Nishio
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Hokkaido Orthopedic Memorial Hospital, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Kinya Nishida
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Teine Keijinkai Hospital, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Matsuno
- Department of Surgical Pathology, Hokkaido University Hospital, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Tsukasa Oikawa
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Shimpei I Kubota
- Division of Molecular Psychoimmunology, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Shintaro Hojyo
- Division of Molecular Psychoimmunology, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Norimasa Iwasaki
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Shigeru Hashimoto
- Division of Molecular Psychoimmunology, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yuki Tanaka
- Division of Molecular Psychoimmunology, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
- Group of Quantum immunology, Institute for Quantum Life Science, National Institute for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology (QST), Chiba, Chiba, Japan
| | - Masaaki Murakami
- Division of Molecular Psychoimmunology, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
- Division of Molecular Neuroimmunology, Department of Homeostatic Regulation, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Okazaki, Aichi, Japan
- Group of Quantum immunology, Institute for Quantum Life Science, National Institute for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology (QST), Chiba, Chiba, Japan
- Institute for Vaccine Research and Development (HU-IVReD), Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
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17
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Mizuno Y, Nakanishi Y, Kumanogoh A. Pathophysiological functions of semaphorins in the sympathetic nervous system. Inflamm Regen 2023; 43:30. [PMID: 37291626 DOI: 10.1186/s41232-023-00281-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Upon exposure to external stressors, the body senses them and activates the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) to maintain the homeostasis, which is known as the "fight-or-flight" response. Recent studies have revealed that the SNS also plays pivotal roles in regulating immune responses, such as hematopoiesis, leukocyte mobilization, and inflammation. Indeed, overactivation of the SNS causes many inflammatory diseases, including cardiovascular diseases, metabolic disorders, and autoimmune diseases. However, the molecular basis essential for SNS-mediated immune regulation is not completely understood. In this review, we focus on axon guidance cues, semaphorins, which play multifaceted roles in neural and immune systems. We summarize the functions of semaphorins in the crosstalk between the SNS and the immune system, exploring its pathophysiological roles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumiko Mizuno
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Clinical Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
- Department of Immunopathology, World Premier International Research Center Initiative Immunology Frontier Research Center (WPI-IFReC), Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yoshimitsu Nakanishi
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Clinical Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
- Department of Immunopathology, World Premier International Research Center Initiative Immunology Frontier Research Center (WPI-IFReC), Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
- Department of Advanced Clinical and Translational Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
- Integrated Frontier Research for Medical Science Division, Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives (OTRI), Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Atsushi Kumanogoh
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Clinical Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan.
- Department of Immunopathology, World Premier International Research Center Initiative Immunology Frontier Research Center (WPI-IFReC), Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan.
- Integrated Frontier Research for Medical Science Division, Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives (OTRI), Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan.
- Center for Infectious Diseases for Education and Research (CiDER), Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan.
- Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development - Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (AMED-CREST), Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan.
- Center for Advanced Modalities and DDS (CAMaD), Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan.
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18
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Ma YF, Lin YA, Huang CL, Hsu CC, Wang S, Yeh SR, Tsai YC. Lactiplantibacillus plantarum PS128 Alleviates Exaggerated Cortical Beta Oscillations and Motor Deficits in the 6-Hydroxydopamine Rat Model of Parkinson's Disease. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2023; 15:312-325. [PMID: 34449056 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-021-09828-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by midbrain dopaminergic neuronal loss and subsequent physical impairments. Levodopa manages symptoms best, while deep brain stimulation (DBS) is effective for advanced PD patients; however, side effects occur with the diminishing therapeutic window. Recently, Lactiplantibacillus plantarum PS128 (PS128) was found to elevate dopamine levels in rodent brains, suggesting its potential to prevent PD. Here, the therapeutic efficacy of PS128 was examined in the 6-hydroxydopamine rat PD model. Suppression of the power spectral density of beta oscillations (beta PSD) in the primary motor cortex (M1) was recorded as the indicator of disease progression. We found that 6 weeks of daily PS128 supplementation suppressed M1 beta PSD as well as did levodopa and DBS. Long-term normalization of M1 beta PSD was found in PS128-fed rats, whereas levodopa and DBS showed only temporal effects. PS128 + levodopa and PS128 + DBS exhibited better therapeutic effects than did levodopa + DBS or either alone. Significantly improved motor functions in PS128-fed rats were correlated with normalization of M1 beta PSD. Brain tissue analyses further demonstrated the role of PS128 in dopaminergic neuroprotection and the enhanced availability of neurotransmitters. These findings suggest that psychobiotic PS128 might be used alongside conventional therapies to treat PD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Fan Ma
- Biomedical Industry Ph.D. Program, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, 112, Taiwan
- Microbiome Research Center, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, 112, Taiwan
| | - Yi-An Lin
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 300, Taiwan
- EzInstrument Technology Co., Ltd., Hsinchu, 300, Taiwan
| | - Chin-Lin Huang
- Microbiome Research Center, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, 112, Taiwan
- Bened Biomedical Co., Ltd., Taipei, 104, Taiwan
| | | | - Sabrina Wang
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, 112, Taiwan.
| | - Shih-Rung Yeh
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 300, Taiwan.
| | - Ying-Chieh Tsai
- Biomedical Industry Ph.D. Program, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, 112, Taiwan.
- Microbiome Research Center, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, 112, Taiwan.
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, 112, Taiwan.
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19
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Ahmadi M, Eidi A, Ahmadvand H, Khaksarian M, Sotoodehnejadnematalahi F. Effect of Carvacrol on histological analysis and expression of genes involved in an animal model of multiple sclerosis. Mult Scler Relat Disord 2023; 70:104471. [PMID: 36580874 DOI: 10.1016/j.msard.2022.104471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The most common non-traumatic neurological disease in young- and middle-aged adults is multiple sclerosis (MS), leading to central nervous system (CNS) atrophy and neurological disorders with loss of myelin and axonal degeneration. Due to the inadequate efficiency of common treatments, some natural products with antioxidant properties such as Carvacrol have been considered. OBJECTIVE the present study aimed to investigate carvacrol's anti-inflammatory and therapeutic effects on MS symptoms in healthy and experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) induced female Lewis rats. METHODS The study was performed in three groups of Lewis rats: control group, EAE model, and EAE treated with carvacrol (carvacrol-treated group). The treatment group received 25 mg/kg of carvacrol intraperitoneally daily. Histologic examination and expression analysis of pro-inflammatory genes (Interleukin-1 and 17 (IL-1 and IL-17), Nuclear Factor Kappa B Cells (NF-κB) and Tumor Necrosis Factor-α (TNF-α)), myelin repair, and also regeneration genes (Myelin basic protein (MBP), Oligodendrocyte Transcription Factor 2 (OLIG2) and Platelet-Derived Growth Factor Receptor α (PDGFR-α)) were carried out. Gene studies, Hematoxylin and Eosin (H&E), and Luxol fast blue stain were performed in the lumbar region of the spinal cord. RESULTS The EAE clinical scores in the carvacrol-treated group were lower than in untreated rats (P < 0.001). The expression of two genes, IL-17 and MBP, was confirmed using fluorescence immunohistochemistry (FIHC). A significant decrease was observed in NF-κB and IL-17, and IL-1 gene expression. The MBP and OLIG2 gene expression was increased in the carvacrol-treated group (p < 0.001). In EAE, PDGFR-α expression increased about four times. However, carvacrol administration did not affect PDGFR-α and TNF-α gene expression. In this treatment, H&E staining of spinal cord regions showed a significant decrease in inflammatory cell infiltration. Moreover, immunostaining analysis demonstrated a considerable increase in MBP and a reduction in IL-17 secretion. CONCLUSION The results showed that carvacrol administration reduces the entry of inflammatory cells into the CNS by stimulating myelination-related processes employing increasing the expression of genes involved in myelin repair and reducing the expression of inflammatory genes. Our findings confirm that carvacrol improves the clinical and pathological symptoms of EAE through its therapeutic and modification properties as a potential adjunctive therapy and needs to be studied more.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahdieh Ahmadi
- Department of Biology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Akram Eidi
- Department of Biology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hassan Ahmadvand
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad 68138-33946, Iran.
| | - Mojtaba Khaksarian
- Razi Herbal Medicine Research Center and Department of physiology, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran.
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20
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Augustin A, Guennec AL, Umamahesan C, Kendler‐Rhodes A, Tucker RM, Chekmeneva E, Takis P, Lewis M, Balasubramanian K, DeSouza N, Mullish BH, Taylor D, Ryan S, Whelan K, Ma Y, Ibrahim MAA, Bjarnason I, Hayee BH, Charlett A, Dobbs SM, Dobbs RJ, Weller C. Faecal metabolite deficit, gut inflammation and diet in Parkinson's disease: Integrative analysis indicates inflammatory response syndrome. Clin Transl Med 2023; 13:e1152. [PMID: 36588088 PMCID: PMC9806009 DOI: 10.1002/ctm2.1152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gut-brain axis is widely implicated in the pathophysiology of Parkinson's disease (PD). We take an integrated approach to considering the gut as a target for disease-modifying intervention, using continuous measurements of disease facets irrespective of diagnostic divide. METHODS We characterised 77 participants with diagnosed-PD, 113 without, by dietary/exogenous substance intake, faecal metabolome, intestinal inflammation, serum cytokines/chemokines, clinical phenotype including colonic transit time. Complete-linkage hierarchical cluster analysis of metabolites discriminant for PD-status was performed. RESULTS Longer colonic transit was linked to deficits in faecal short-chain-fatty acids outside PD, to a 'tryptophan-containing metabolite cluster' overall. Phenotypic cluster analysis aggregated colonic transit with brady/hypokinesia, tremor, sleep disorder and dysosmia, each individually associated with tryptophan-cluster deficit. Overall, a faster pulse was associated with deficits in a metabolite cluster including benzoic acid and an imidazole-ring compound (anti-fungals) and vitamin B3 (anti-inflammatory) and with higher serum CCL20 (chemotactic for lymphocytes/dendritic cells towards mucosal epithelium). The faster pulse in PD was irrespective of postural hypotension. The benzoic acid-cluster deficit was linked to (well-recognised) lower caffeine and alcohol intakes, tryptophan-cluster deficit to higher maltose intake. Free-sugar intake was increased in PD, maltose intake being 63% higher (p = .001). Faecal calprotectin was 44% (95% CI 5%, 98%) greater in PD [p = .001, adjusted for proton-pump inhibitors (p = .001)], with 16% of PD-probands exceeding a cut-point for clinically significant inflammation compatible with inflammatory bowel disease. Higher maltose intake was associated with exceeding this calprotectin cut-point. CONCLUSIONS Emerging picture is of (i) clinical phenotype being described by deficits in microbial metabolites essential to gut health; (ii) intestinal inflammation; (iii) a systemic inflammatory response syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aisha Augustin
- Institute of Pharmaceutical ScienceKing's College LondonLondonUK
- The Maudsley HospitalLondonUK
| | | | - Chianna Umamahesan
- Institute of Pharmaceutical ScienceKing's College LondonLondonUK
- The Maudsley HospitalLondonUK
| | | | - Rosalind M. Tucker
- Institute of Pharmaceutical ScienceKing's College LondonLondonUK
- The Maudsley HospitalLondonUK
| | - Elena Chekmeneva
- National Phenome CentreImperial College LondonLondonUK
- Section of Bioanalytical ChemistryImperial College LondonLondonUK
| | - Panteleimon Takis
- National Phenome CentreImperial College LondonLondonUK
- Section of Bioanalytical ChemistryImperial College LondonLondonUK
| | - Matthew Lewis
- National Phenome CentreImperial College LondonLondonUK
- Section of Bioanalytical ChemistryImperial College LondonLondonUK
| | | | | | - Benjamin H Mullish
- Department of MetabolismDigestion and ReproductionImperial College, LondonUK
| | - David Taylor
- Institute of Pharmaceutical ScienceKing's College LondonLondonUK
- The Maudsley HospitalLondonUK
| | | | - Kevin Whelan
- Nutritional SciencesKing's College LondonLondonUK
| | - Yun Ma
- Institute of Liver StudiesKing's College HospitalLondonUK
| | | | | | | | - André Charlett
- Institute of Pharmaceutical ScienceKing's College LondonLondonUK
- Statistics, Modelling and EconomicsUK Health Security AgencyLondonUK
| | - Sylvia M. Dobbs
- Institute of Pharmaceutical ScienceKing's College LondonLondonUK
- GastroenterologyKing's College HospitalLondonUK
| | - R. John Dobbs
- Institute of Pharmaceutical ScienceKing's College LondonLondonUK
- GastroenterologyKing's College HospitalLondonUK
| | - Clive Weller
- Institute of Pharmaceutical ScienceKing's College LondonLondonUK
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21
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Akabane K, Murakami K, Murakami M. Gateway reflexes are neural circuits that establish the gateway of immune cells to regulate tissue specific inflammation. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2023; 27:469-477. [PMID: 37318003 DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2023.2225215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Tissue-specific inflammatory diseases are regulated by several mechanisms. The gateway reflex and IL-6 amplifier are two mechanisms involved in diseases that depend on the inflammatory cytokine IL-6. The gateway reflex activates specific neural pathways that cause autoreactive CD4+ T cells to pass through gateways in blood vessels toward specific tissues in tissue-specific inflammatory diseases. These gateways are mediated by the IL-6 amplifier, which describes enhanced NF-κB activation in nonimmune cells including endothelial cells at specific sites. In total, we have reported six gateway reflexes defined by their triggering stimulus: gravity, pain, electric stimulation, stress, light, and joint inflammation. AREAS COVERED This review summarizes the gateway reflex and IL-6 amplifier for the development of tissue-specific inflammatory diseases. EXPERT OPINION We expect that the IL-6 amplifier and gateway reflex will lead to novel therapeutic and diagnostic methods for inflammatory diseases, particularly tissue-specific ones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keiichiroh Akabane
- Molecular Psychoimmunology, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Kaoru Murakami
- Molecular Psychoimmunology, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
- Group of Quantum Immunology, Institute for Quantum Life Science, National Institute for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology (QST), Chiba, Japan
| | - Masaaki Murakami
- Molecular Psychoimmunology, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
- Group of Quantum Immunology, Institute for Quantum Life Science, National Institute for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology (QST), Chiba, Japan
- Division of Molecular Neuroimmunology, Department of Homeostatic Regulation, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Okazaki, Aichi, Japan
- Institute for Vaccine Research and Development(HU-IVRed), Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
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22
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Dyatlova AS, Novikova NS, Yushkov BG, Korneva EA, Chereshnev VA. The Blood-Brain Barrier in Neuroimmune Interactions and Pathological Processes. HERALD OF THE RUSSIAN ACADEMY OF SCIENCES 2022; 92:590-599. [PMID: 36340326 PMCID: PMC9628516 DOI: 10.1134/s1019331622050100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Revised: 03/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is a kind of filter, highly selective in relation to various types of substances. The BBB supports the immune status of the brain and is an important regulator of neuroimmune interactions. Some of the molecular and cellular features of the BBB, as well as the five main pathways of neuroimmune communication mediated by the BBB, are analyzed in this article. The functions of the BBB in neuroimmune interactions in various diseases are discussed: multiple sclerosis and Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases. The latest data on BBB dysfunction in COVID-19 coronavirus infection caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus are considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. S. Dyatlova
- Institute of Experimental Medicine (IEM), St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - N. S. Novikova
- Institute of Experimental Medicine (IEM), St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - B. G. Yushkov
- Institute of Immunology and Physiology (IIP), Ural Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Yekaterinburg, Russia
| | - E. A. Korneva
- Institute of Experimental Medicine (IEM), St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - V. A. Chereshnev
- Institute of Immunology and Physiology (IIP), Ural Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Yekaterinburg, Russia
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23
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Fu CC, Huang L, Xu LF, Jiang LH, Li HL, Liao S, Yue J, Lian C, Yang XG, Long YM. Serological biomarkers in autoimmune GFAP astrocytopathy. Front Immunol 2022; 13:957361. [PMID: 35983033 PMCID: PMC9378990 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.957361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Autoimmune glial fibrillary acidic protein astrocytopathy (GFAP-A) is a newly defined meningoencephalomyelitis. The pathogenesis of GFAP-A is not well understood. The present study measured the expression levels of 200 serological cytokines in GFAP-A patients, NMOSD patients and healthy controls (HCs). The correlations between serum cytokine levels and clinical information in GFAP-A patients were analyzed. A total of 147 serological proteins were differentially expressed in GFAP-A patients compared to HCs, and 33 of these proteins were not observed in NMOSD patients. Serum levels of EG-VEGF negatively correlated with GFAP antibody titers, MIP-3 alpha positively correlated with clinical severity in GFAP-A patients, and LIGHT positively correlated with WBC counts and protein levels in the CSF of GFAP-A patients. These results suggest that GFAP and AQP4 astrocytopathy share some common pathology related to TNF signaling. Serum MIP 3 alpha may be a biomarker to assess clinical severity and a potential target for therapy of autoimmune GFAP astrocytopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong-Cong Fu
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Neuroscience, Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of China, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lu Huang
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Neuroscience, Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of China, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lu-Fen Xu
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Neuroscience, Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of China, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Li-Hong Jiang
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Neuroscience, Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of China, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hui-Lu Li
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Neuroscience, Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of China, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Sha Liao
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Neuroscience, Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of China, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiajia Yue
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Neuroscience, Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of China, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chun Lian
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Neuroscience, Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of China, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xin-Guang Yang
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Neuroscience, Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of China, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Neurology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: You-Ming Long, ; Xin-Guang Yang,
| | - You-Ming Long
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Neuroscience, Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of China, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: You-Ming Long, ; Xin-Guang Yang,
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24
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Hasebe R, Murakami K, Harada M, Halaka N, Nakagawa H, Kawano F, Ohira Y, Kawamoto T, Yull FE, Blackwell TS, Nio-Kobayashi J, Iwanaga T, Watanabe M, Watanabe N, Hotta H, Yamashita T, Kamimura D, Tanaka Y, Murakami M. ATP spreads inflammation to other limbs through crosstalk between sensory neurons and interneurons. J Exp Med 2022; 219:213221. [PMID: 35579694 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20212019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Revised: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Neural circuits between lesions are one mechanism through which local inflammation spreads to remote positions. Here, we show the inflammatory signal on one side of the joint is spread to the other side via sensory neuron-interneuron crosstalk, with ATP at the core. Surgical ablation or pharmacological inhibition of this neural pathway prevented inflammation development on the other side. Mechanistic analysis showed that ATP serves as both a neurotransmitter and an inflammation enhancer, thus acting as an intermediary between the local inflammation and neural pathway that induces inflammation on the other side. These results suggest blockade of this neural pathway, which is named the remote inflammation gateway reflex, may have therapeutic value for inflammatory diseases, particularly those, such as rheumatoid arthritis, in which inflammation spreads to remote positions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rie Hasebe
- Division of Molecular Psychoimmunology, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.,Division of Molecular Neuroimmunology, Department of Homeostatic Regulation, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Aichi, Japan
| | - Kaoru Murakami
- Division of Molecular Psychoimmunology, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Masaya Harada
- Laboratory of Developmental Immunology, Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Graduate School of Medicine, and World Premier International Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Nada Halaka
- Division of Molecular Psychoimmunology, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Nakagawa
- Department of Molecular Neurosciences, Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Graduate School of Medicine, and World Premier International Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Fuminori Kawano
- Department of Health and Sports Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, and Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yoshinobu Ohira
- Department of Health and Sports Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, and Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tadafumi Kawamoto
- Radioisotope Research Institute, Department of Dental Medicine, Tsurumi University, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Fiona E Yull
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN
| | | | - Junko Nio-Kobayashi
- Laboratory of Histology and Cytology, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Toshihiko Iwanaga
- Laboratory of Histology and Cytology, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Masahiko Watanabe
- Department of Anatomy, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Nobuhiro Watanabe
- Department of Autonomic Neuroscience, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Harumi Hotta
- Department of Autonomic Neuroscience, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshihide Yamashita
- Department of Molecular Neurosciences, Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Graduate School of Medicine, and World Premier International Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Daisuke Kamimura
- Division of Molecular Psychoimmunology, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yuki Tanaka
- Division of Molecular Psychoimmunology, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.,Group of Quantumimmunology, Institute for Quantum Life Science, National Institute for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan
| | - Masaaki Murakami
- Division of Molecular Psychoimmunology, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.,Division of Molecular Neuroimmunology, Department of Homeostatic Regulation, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Aichi, Japan.,Group of Quantumimmunology, Institute for Quantum Life Science, National Institute for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan
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25
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Heng AHS, Han CW, Abbott C, McColl SR, Comerford I. Chemokine-Driven Migration of Pro-Inflammatory CD4 + T Cells in CNS Autoimmune Disease. Front Immunol 2022; 13:817473. [PMID: 35250997 PMCID: PMC8889115 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.817473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Pro-inflammatory CD4+ T helper (Th) cells drive the pathogenesis of many autoimmune conditions. Recent advances have modified views of the phenotype of pro-inflammatory Th cells in autoimmunity, extending the breadth of known Th cell subsets that operate as drivers of these responses. Heterogeneity and plasticity within Th1 and Th17 cells, and the discovery of subsets of Th cells dedicated to production of other pro-inflammatory cytokines such as GM-CSF have led to these advances. Here, we review recent progress in this area and focus specifically upon evidence for chemokine receptors that drive recruitment of these various pro-inflammatory Th cell subsets to sites of autoimmune inflammation in the CNS. We discuss expression of specific chemokine receptors by subsets of pro-inflammatory Th cells and highlight which receptors may be tractable targets of therapeutic interventions to limit pathogenic Th cell recruitment in autoimmunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron H S Heng
- The Chemokine Biology Laboratory, Department of Molecular and Biomedical Science, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Caleb W Han
- The Chemokine Biology Laboratory, Department of Molecular and Biomedical Science, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Caitlin Abbott
- The Chemokine Biology Laboratory, Department of Molecular and Biomedical Science, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Shaun R McColl
- The Chemokine Biology Laboratory, Department of Molecular and Biomedical Science, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Iain Comerford
- The Chemokine Biology Laboratory, Department of Molecular and Biomedical Science, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
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26
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Responses of neuromuscular properties to unloading and potential countermeasures during space exploration missions. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2022; 136:104617. [PMID: 35283170 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2022.104617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Revised: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We reviewed the responses of the neuromuscular properties of mainly the soleus and possible mechanisms. Sensory nervous activity in response to passive shortening and/or active contraction, associated with plantar-flexion or dorsi-flexion of the ankle joints, may play an essential role in the regulation of muscle properties. Passive shortening of the muscle fibers and sarcomeres inhibits the development of tension, electromyogram (EMG), and afferent neurogram. Remodeling of the sarcomeres, which decreases the total sarcomere number in a single muscle fiber causing recovery of the length in each sarcomere, is induced in the soleus following chronic unloading. Although EMG activity and tension development in each sarcomere are increased, the total tension produced by the whole muscle is still less owing to the lower sarcomere number. Therefore, muscle atrophy continues to progress. Moreover, walking or slow running by rear-foot strike landing with the application of greater ground reaction force, which stimulates soleus mobilization, could be an effective countermeasure. Periodic, but not chronic, passive stretching of the soleus may also be effective.
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27
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Ramos-Vega M, Kjellman P, Todorov MI, Kylkilahti TM, Bäckström BT, Ertürk A, Madsen CD, Lundgaard I. Mapping of neuroinflammation-induced hypoxia in the spinal cord using optoacoustic imaging. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2022; 10:51. [PMID: 35410629 PMCID: PMC8996517 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-022-01337-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies suggest that metabolic changes and oxygen deficiency in the central nervous system play an important role in the pathophysiology of multiple sclerosis (MS). In our present study, we investigated the changes in oxygenation and analyzed the vascular perfusion of the spinal cord in a rodent model of MS. We performed multispectral optoacoustic tomography of the lumbar spinal cord before and after an oxygen enhancement challenge in mice with experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), a model for MS. In addition, mice were transcardially perfused with lectin to label the vasculature and their spinal columns were optically cleared, followed by light sheet fluorescence microscopy. To analyze the angioarchitecture of the intact spine, we used VesSAP, a novel deep learning-based framework. In EAE mice, the spinal cord had lower oxygen saturation and hemoglobin concentration compared to healthy mice, indicating compromised perfusion of the spinal cord. Oxygen administration reversed hypoxia in the spinal cord of EAE mice, although the ventral region remained hypoxic. Additionally, despite the increased vascular density, we report a reduction in length and complexity of the perfused vascular network in EAE. Taken together, these findings highlight a new aspect of neuroinflammatory pathology, revealing a significant degree of hypoxia in EAE in vivo that is accompanied by changes in spinal vascular perfusion. The study also introduces optoacoustic imaging as a tractable technique with the potential to further decipher the role of hypoxia in EAE and to monitor it in MS patients.
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28
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Ho J, Koshibu K, Xia W, Luettich K, Kondylis A, Garcia L, Phillips B, Peitsch M, Hoeng J. Effects of cigarette smoke exposure on a mouse model of multiple sclerosis. Toxicol Rep 2022; 9:597-610. [PMID: 35392156 PMCID: PMC8980708 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2022.03.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2021] [Revised: 02/06/2022] [Accepted: 03/26/2022] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an inflammatory autoimmune disease associated with genetic and environmental factors. Cigarette smoking is harmful to health and may be one of the risk factors for MS. However, there have been no systematic investigations under controlled experimental conditions linking cigarette smoke (CS) and MS. The present study is the first inhalation study to correlate the pre-clinical and pathological manifestations affected by different doses of CS exposure in a mouse experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) model. Female C57BL/6 mice were whole-body exposed to either fresh air (sham) or three concentrations of CS from a reference cigarette (3R4F) for 2 weeks before and 4 weeks after EAE induction. The effects of exposure on body weight, clinical symptoms, spinal cord pathology, and serum biochemicals were then assessed. Exposure to low and medium concentrations of CS exacerbated the severity of symptoms and spinal cord pathology, while the high concentration had no effect relative to sham exposure in mice with EAE. Interestingly, the clinical chemistry parameters for metabolic profile as well as liver and renal function (e.g. triglycerides and creatinine levels, alkaline phosphatase activity) were lower in these mice than in naïve controls. Although the mouse EAE model does not fully recapitulate the pathology or symptoms of MS in humans, these findings largely corroborate previous epidemiological findings that exposure to CS can worsen the symptoms and pathology of MS. Furthermore, the study newly highlights the possible correlation of clinical chemistry findings such as metabolism and liver and renal function between MS patients and EAE mice.
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Key Words
- AAALAC, Assessment and Accreditation of Laboratory Animal Care
- BBB, Blood-brain barrier
- CFA, Freund’s complete adjuvant
- CNS, Central nervous system
- CO, Carbon monoxide
- CS, Cigarette smoke
- Cigarette smoke
- Clinical chemistry
- DAPI, 4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole
- EAE, Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis
- Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis
- GAM, generalized additive model
- IACUC, Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee
- ISO, International Organization for Standardization
- Inhalation
- MOG, Myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein
- MS, Multiple sclerosis
- Multiple sclerosis
- OCT, Optimal cutting temperature
- PFA, Paraformaldehyde
- PMI, Philip Morris International
- PTX, Pertussis toxin
- QC, Quality control
- STAT3, signal transducer and activator of transcription 3
- TPM, Total particulate matter
- US, United States
- eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate
- nAChR, nicotinic acetylcholine receptors
- s.c., Subcutaneous
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenny Ho
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris International Research Laboratories Pte. Ltd., Science Park II, 117406, Singapore
| | - Kyoko Koshibu
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, CH-2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Wenhao Xia
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris International Research Laboratories Pte. Ltd., Science Park II, 117406, Singapore
| | - Karsta Luettich
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, CH-2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Athanasios Kondylis
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, CH-2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Llenalia Garcia
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, CH-2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Blaine Phillips
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris International Research Laboratories Pte. Ltd., Science Park II, 117406, Singapore
| | - Manuel Peitsch
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, CH-2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Julia Hoeng
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, CH-2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
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Matsuyama S, Tanaka Y, Hasebe R, Hojyo S, Murakami M. Gateway Reflex and Mechanotransduction. Front Immunol 2022; 12:780451. [PMID: 35003096 PMCID: PMC8728022 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.780451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The gateway reflex explains how autoreactive CD4+ T cells cause inflammation in tissues that have blood-barriers, such as the central nervous system and retina. It depends on neural activations in response to specific external stimuli, such as gravity, pain, stress, and light, which lead to the secretion of noradrenaline at specific vessels in the tissues. Noradrenaline activates NFkB at these vessels, followed by an increase of chemokine expression as well as a reduction of tight junction molecules to accumulate autoreactive CD4+ T cells, which breach blood-barriers. Transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) molecules on sensory neurons are critical for the gateway reflex, indicating the importance of mechano-sensing. In this review, we overview the gateway reflex with a special interest in mechanosensory transduction (mechanotransduction).
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiina Matsuyama
- Molecular Psychoimmunology, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yuki Tanaka
- Molecular Psychoimmunology, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.,Group of Quantum Immunology, Institute for Quantum Life Science, National Institute for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology (QST), Chiba, Japan
| | - Rie Hasebe
- Molecular Psychoimmunology, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Shintaro Hojyo
- Molecular Psychoimmunology, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.,Group of Quantum Immunology, Institute for Quantum Life Science, National Institute for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology (QST), Chiba, Japan
| | - Masaaki Murakami
- Molecular Psychoimmunology, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.,Group of Quantum Immunology, Institute for Quantum Life Science, National Institute for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology (QST), Chiba, Japan.,Division of Neurommunology, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Okazaki, Japan
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Makusheva Y, Chung SH, Akitsu A, Maeda N, Maruhashi T, Ye XQ, Kaifu T, Saijo S, Sun H, Han W, Tang C, Iwakura Y. The C-type lectin receptor Clec1A plays an important role in the development of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis by enhancing antigen presenting ability of dendritic cells and inducing inflammatory cytokine IL-17. Exp Anim 2022; 71:288-304. [PMID: 35135958 PMCID: PMC9388343 DOI: 10.1538/expanim.21-0191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Clec1A, a member of C-type lectin receptor family, has a carbohydrate recognition domain in its extracellular region, but no known signaling motif in the cytoplasmic domain.
Clec1a is highly expressed in endothelial cells and weakly in dendritic cells. Although this molecule was reported to play an important role in the host defense against
Aspergillus fumigatus by recognizing 1,8-dihydroxynaphthalene-melanin on the fungal surface, the roles of this molecule in un-infected animals remain to be elucidated. In
this study, we found that Clec1a−/− mice develop milder symptoms upon induction of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), an animal model for multiple
sclerosis. The maximum disease score was significantly lower, and demyelination and inflammation of the spinal cord were much milder in Clec1a−/− mice compared to
wild-type mice. No abnormality was detected in the immune cell composition in the draining lymph nodes and spleen on day 10 and 16 after EAE induction. Recall memory T cell proliferation
after restimulation with myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein peptide (MOG35–55) in vitro was decreased in Clec1a−/− mice, and antigen
presenting ability of Clec1a−/− dendritic cells was impaired. Interestingly, RNA-Seq and RT-qPCR analyses clearly showed that the expression of inflammatory
cytokines including Il17a, Il6 and Il1b was greatly decreased in Clec1a−/− mice after induction of EAE,
suggesting that this reduced cytokine production is responsible for the amelioration of EAE in Clec1a−/− mice. These observations suggest a novel function of
Clec1A in the immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulia Makusheva
- Center for Animal Disease Models, Research Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science
| | - Soo-Hyun Chung
- Center for Animal Disease Models, Research Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science
| | - Aoi Akitsu
- Center for Animal Disease Models, Research Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science.,Present address: Laboratory of Immunobiology, Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School
| | - Natsumi Maeda
- Center for Animal Disease Models, Research Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science.,Present address: Laboratory for Prediction of Cell Systems Dynamics, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research
| | - Takumi Maruhashi
- Center for Animal Disease Models, Research Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science.,Present address: Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, The University of Tokyo
| | - Xiao-Qi Ye
- Center for Animal Disease Models, Research Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science.,Institute of Precision Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University
| | - Tomonori Kaifu
- Center for Animal Disease Models, Research Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science.,Present address: Division of Immunology Faculty of Medicine, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University
| | | | - Haiyang Sun
- Center for Animal Disease Models, Research Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science
| | - Wei Han
- Center for Animal Disease Models, Research Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science
| | - Ce Tang
- Center for Animal Disease Models, Research Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science.,Present address: Laboratory for Prediction of Cell Systems Dynamics, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research
| | - Yoichiro Iwakura
- Center for Animal Disease Models, Research Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science
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Somatosensory and autonomic neuronal regulation of the immune response. Nat Rev Neurosci 2022; 23:157-171. [PMID: 34997214 DOI: 10.1038/s41583-021-00555-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Bidirectional communication between the peripheral nervous system (PNS) and the immune system is a crucial part of an effective but balanced mammalian response to invading pathogens, tissue damage and inflammatory stimuli. Here, we review how somatosensory and autonomic neurons regulate immune cellular responses at barrier tissues and in peripheral organs. Immune cells express receptors for neuronal mediators, including neuropeptides and neurotransmitters, allowing neurons to influence their function in acute and chronic inflammatory diseases. Distinct subsets of peripheral sensory, sympathetic, parasympathetic and enteric neurons are able to signal to innate and adaptive immune cells to modulate their cellular functions. In this Review, we highlight recent studies defining the molecular mechanisms by which neuroimmune signalling mediates tissue homeostasis and pathology. Understanding the neural circuitry that regulates immune responses can offer novel targets for the treatment of a wide array of diseases.
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Stofkova A, Zloh M, Andreanska D, Fiserova I, Kubovciak J, Hejda J, Kutilek P, Murakami M. Depletion of Retinal Dopaminergic Activity in a Mouse Model of Rod Dysfunction Exacerbates Experimental Autoimmune Uveoretinitis: A Role for the Gateway Reflex. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 23:ijms23010453. [PMID: 35008877 PMCID: PMC8745287 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23010453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 12/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The gateway reflex is a mechanism by which neural inputs regulate chemokine expression at endothelial cell barriers, thereby establishing gateways for the invasion of autoreactive T cells into barrier-protected tissues. In this study, we hypothesized that rod photoreceptor dysfunction causes remodeling of retinal neural activity, which influences the blood–retinal barrier and the development of retinal inflammation. We evaluated this hypothesis using Gnat1rd17 mice, a model of night blindness with late-onset rod-cone dystrophy, and experimental autoimmune uveoretinitis (EAU). Retinal remodeling and its effect on EAU development were investigated by transcriptome profiling, target identification, and functional validation. We showed that Gnat1rd17 mice primarily underwent alterations in their retinal dopaminergic system, triggering the development of an exacerbated EAU, which was counteracted by dopamine replacement with L-DOPA administered either systemically or locally. Remarkably, dopamine acted on retinal endothelial cells to inhibit NF-κB and STAT3 activity and the expression of downstream target genes such as chemokines involved in T cell recruitment. These results suggest that rod-mediated dopamine release functions in a gateway reflex manner in the homeostatic control of immune cell entry into the retina, and the loss of retinal dopaminergic activity in conditions associated with rod dysfunction increases the susceptibility to autoimmune uveitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Stofkova
- Department of Physiology, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Ke Karlovu 4, 120 00 Prague, Czech Republic; (M.Z.); (D.A.); (I.F.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +420-224-902-718
| | - Miloslav Zloh
- Department of Physiology, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Ke Karlovu 4, 120 00 Prague, Czech Republic; (M.Z.); (D.A.); (I.F.)
| | - Dominika Andreanska
- Department of Physiology, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Ke Karlovu 4, 120 00 Prague, Czech Republic; (M.Z.); (D.A.); (I.F.)
| | - Ivana Fiserova
- Department of Physiology, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Ke Karlovu 4, 120 00 Prague, Czech Republic; (M.Z.); (D.A.); (I.F.)
- Department of Pathophysiology, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Ruska 87, 100 00 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Kubovciak
- Laboratory of Genomics and Bioinformatics, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, 142 20 Prague, Czech Republic;
| | - Jan Hejda
- Department of Health Care and Population Protection, Faculty of Biomedical Engineering, Czech Technical University in Prague, Sitna Sq. 3105, 272 01 Kladno, Czech Republic; (J.H.); (P.K.)
| | - Patrik Kutilek
- Department of Health Care and Population Protection, Faculty of Biomedical Engineering, Czech Technical University in Prague, Sitna Sq. 3105, 272 01 Kladno, Czech Republic; (J.H.); (P.K.)
| | - Masaaki Murakami
- Division of Molecular Psychoimmunology, Institute for Genetic Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita-15, Nishi-7, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0815, Japan;
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Murayama MA, Chi HH, Matsuoka M, Ono T, Iwakura Y. The CTRP3-AdipoR2 Axis Regulates the Development of Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis by Suppressing Th17 Cell Differentiation. Front Immunol 2021; 12:607346. [PMID: 34925309 PMCID: PMC8674836 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.607346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
C1q/TNF-related proteins (CTRP) including CTRP3 are a group of secreted proteins which have a complement C1q-like domain in common, and play versatile roles in lipid metabolism, inflammation, tumor metastasis and bone metabolism. Previously, we showed that the expression of C1qtnf3, encoding CTRP3, is highly augmented in joints of autoimmune arthritis models and CTRP3-deficiency exacerbates collagen-induced arthritis in mice. However, the mechanisms how CTRP3-deficiency exacerbates arthritis still remain to be elucidated. In this study, we showed that CTRP3 was highly expressed in Th17 cell, a key player for the development of autoimmune diseases, and Th17 cell differentiation was augmented in C1qtnf3–/– mice. Th17 cell differentiation, but not Th1 cell differentiation, was suppressed by CTRP3 and this suppression was abolished by the treatment with a receptor antagonist against AdipoR2, but not AdipoR1, associated with suppression of Rorc and Stat3 expression. Furthermore, AdipoR1 and AdipoR2 agonist, AdipoRon suppressed Th17 cell differentiation via AdipoR2, but not AdipoR1. The development of myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG)-induced experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis was enhanced in C1qtnf3–/– mice associated with increase of Th17 cell population. CTRP3 inhibited MOG-induced IL-17 production from T cells by affecting both T cells and dendritic cells. These results show that CTRP3 is an endogenous regulator of Th17 differentiation, suggesting that the CTRP3-AdipoR2 axis is a good target for the treatment of Th17 cell-mediated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masanori A Murayama
- Center for Animal Disease Models, Research Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Chiba, Japan.,Department of Animal Models for Human Diseases, Institute of Biomedical Science, Kansai Medical University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hsi-Hua Chi
- Center for Animal Disease Models, Research Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Chiba, Japan
| | - Mako Matsuoka
- Center for Animal Disease Models, Research Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Chiba, Japan
| | - Takahiro Ono
- Center for Animal Disease Models, Research Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yoichiro Iwakura
- Center for Animal Disease Models, Research Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Chiba, Japan
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Serizawa K, Tomizawa-Shinohara H, Miyake S, Yogo K, Matsumoto Y. Interleukin-6: evolving role in the management of neuropathic pain in neuroimmunological disorders. Inflamm Regen 2021; 41:34. [PMID: 34724990 PMCID: PMC8561956 DOI: 10.1186/s41232-021-00184-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 10/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Neuropathic pain in neuroimmunological disorders refers to pain caused by a lesion or disease of the somatosensory system such as multiple sclerosis (MS) and neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD). MS and NMOSD are autoimmune disorders of the central nervous system, and ≥ 50% of patients with these disorders experience chronic neuropathic pain. The currently available medications for the management of neuropathic pain have limited effectiveness in patients with MS and NMOSD, and there is an unmet medical need to identify novel therapies for the management of chronic neuropathic pain in these patients. In this review article, we summarize the role of interleukin-6 (IL-6) in the pathogenesis of MS and NMOSD and the ameliorative effects of anti–IL-6 therapies in mouse models of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). Main body Intraperitoneal injection of MR16-1, an anti–IL-6 receptor (IL-6R) antibody, reduced mechanical allodynia and spontaneous pain in EAE mice, which was attributed to a reduction in microglial activation and inhibition of the descending pain inhibitory system. The effect of anti–IL-6 therapies in ameliorating neuropathic pain in the clinical setting is controversial; a reduction in pain intensity has been reported with an anti–IL-6 antibody in four studies, namely a case report, a pilot study, a retrospective observational study, and a case series. Pain intensity was evaluated using a numerical rating scale (NRS), with a lower score indicating lesser pain. A reduction in the NRS score was reported in all four studies. However, in two randomized controlled trials of another anti–IL-6R antibody, the change in the visual analog scale pain score was not statistically significantly different when compared with placebo. This was attributed to the low mean pain score at baseline in both the trials and the concomitant use of medications for pain in one of the trials, which may have masked the effects of the anti–IL-6R antibody on neuropathic pain. Conclusion Thus, anti–IL-6 therapies might have a potential to reduce neuropathic pain, but further investigations are warranted to clarify the effect of inhibition of IL-6 signaling on neuropathic pain associated with MS and NMOSD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenichi Serizawa
- Product Research Department, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 200, Kajiwara, Kamakura, Kanagawa, 247-8530, Japan.
| | - Haruna Tomizawa-Shinohara
- Product Research Department, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 200, Kajiwara, Kamakura, Kanagawa, 247-8530, Japan
| | - Shota Miyake
- Product Research Department, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 200, Kajiwara, Kamakura, Kanagawa, 247-8530, Japan
| | - Kenji Yogo
- Research Planning Department, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., -135, Komakado, Gotemba, Shizuoka, 412-8513, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Matsumoto
- Product Research Department, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 200, Kajiwara, Kamakura, Kanagawa, 247-8530, Japan
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Kim J, Chuang HC, Wolf NK, Nicolai CJ, Raulet DH, Saijo K, Bilder D. Tumor-induced disruption of the blood-brain barrier promotes host death. Dev Cell 2021; 56:2712-2721.e4. [PMID: 34496290 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2021.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Cancer patients often die from symptoms that manifest at a distance from any tumor. Mechanisms underlying these systemic physiological perturbations, called paraneoplastic syndromes, may benefit from investigation in non-mammalian systems. Using a non-metastatic Drosophila adult model, we find that malignant-tumor-produced cytokines drive widespread host activation of JAK-STAT signaling and cause premature lethality. STAT activity is particularly high in cells of the blood-brain barrier (BBB), where it induces aberrant BBB permeability. Remarkably, inhibiting STAT in the BBB not only rescues barrier function but also extends the lifespan of tumor-bearing hosts. We identify BBB damage in other pathological conditions that cause elevated inflammatory signaling, including obesity and infection, where BBB permeability also regulates host survival. IL-6-dependent BBB dysfunction is further seen in a mouse tumor model, and it again promotes host morbidity. Therefore, BBB alterations constitute a conserved lethal tumor-host interaction that also underlies other physiological morbidities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung Kim
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Hsiu-Chun Chuang
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Natalie K Wolf
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Christopher J Nicolai
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - David H Raulet
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Kaoru Saijo
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - David Bilder
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.
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Kamimura D, Tanaka Y, Hasebe R, Murakami M. Bidirectional communication between neural and immune systems. Int Immunol 2021; 32:693-701. [PMID: 31875424 DOI: 10.1093/intimm/dxz083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Accepted: 12/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The immune and nervous systems share many features, including receptor and ligand expression, enabling efficient communication between the two. Accumulating evidence suggests that the communication is bidirectional, with the neural system regulating immune cell functions and vice versa. Steroid hormones from the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal gland axis are examples of systemic regulators for this communication. Neural reflexes describe regional regulation mechanisms that are a historically new concept that helps to explain how the neural and body systems including immune system communicate. Several recently identified neural reflexes, including the inflammatory reflex and gateway reflex, significantly impact the activation status of the immune system and are associated with inflammatory diseases and disorders. Either pro-inflammatory or anti-inflammatory effects can be elicited by these neural reflexes. On the other hand, the activities of immune cells during inflammation, for example the secretion of inflammatory mediators, can affect the functions of neuronal systems via neural reflexes and modulate biological outputs via specific neural pathways. In this review article, we discuss recent advances in the understanding of bidirectional neuro-immune interactions, with a particular focus on neural reflexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Kamimura
- Molecular Psychoimmunology, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita-15, Nishi-7, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Yuki Tanaka
- Molecular Psychoimmunology, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita-15, Nishi-7, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Rie Hasebe
- Biomedical Animal Research Laboratory, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita-15, Nishi-7, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Masaaki Murakami
- Molecular Psychoimmunology, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita-15, Nishi-7, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
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37
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Leijs M, Fietkau K, Merk HF, Schettgen T, Kraus T, Esser A. Upregulation of CCL7, CCL20, CXCL2, IL-1β, IL-6 and MMP-9 in Skin Samples of PCB Exposed Individuals-A Preliminary Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18189711. [PMID: 34574641 PMCID: PMC8468641 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18189711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are well known immunotoxic and carcinogenic compounds. Although cutaneous symptoms are the hallmark of exposure to these compounds, exact pathophysiologic mechanisms are not well understood. We took skin biopsies from moderately high PCB exposed workers (n = 25) after an informed consent and investigated the expression of immunological markers such as CCL-7, CCL-20, CXCL2, IL-1β and IL-6, as well as the matrix metalloproteinase MMP-9, EPGN and NRF2 by RT-qPCR, and compared expression levels with plasma PCB levels. Statistical analyses showed a significant correlation between CCL-20, CXCL2, IL-6, IL-1β, CCL-7 and MMP-9 and PCB serum levels. EPGN and NRF2 were not correlated to PCB levels in the blood. We found a significant correlation of genes involved in autoimmune, auto-inflammatory and carcinogenesis in skin samples of PCB exposed individuals with elevated plasma PCB levels. Confirmation of these findings needs to be performed in bigger study groups and larger gen-sets, including multiple housekeeping genes. Further study needs to be performed to see whether a chronical exposure to these and similar compounds can cause higher incidence of malignancies and inflammatory disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marike Leijs
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, 52072 Aachen, Germany; (K.F.); (H.F.M.)
- Department of Dermatology, St. Nikolaus Hospital Eupen, 4700 Eupen, Belgium
- Correspondence:
| | - Katharina Fietkau
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, 52072 Aachen, Germany; (K.F.); (H.F.M.)
| | - Hans F. Merk
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, 52072 Aachen, Germany; (K.F.); (H.F.M.)
| | - Thomas Schettgen
- Institute for Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, 52072 Aachen, Germany; (T.S.); (T.K.); (A.E.)
| | - Thomas Kraus
- Institute for Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, 52072 Aachen, Germany; (T.S.); (T.K.); (A.E.)
| | - André Esser
- Institute for Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, 52072 Aachen, Germany; (T.S.); (T.K.); (A.E.)
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Murakami K, Tanaka Y, Murakami M. The gateway reflex: breaking through the blood barriers. Int Immunol 2021; 33:743-748. [PMID: 34505147 DOI: 10.1093/intimm/dxab064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
We have been studying inflammatory diseases, with a special focus on IL-6, and discovered two concepts related to inflammation development. One is the gateway reflex, which is induced by the activation of specific neural circuits followed by establishing gateways for autoreactive CD4 + T cells to pass through blood barriers toward the central nervous system (CNS) and retina during tissue-specific inflammatory diseases. We found that the formation of these gateways is dependent on the IL-6 amplifier, which is machinery for enhanced NF-κB activation in endothelial cells at specific sites. We have found five gateway reflexes in total. Here, we introduce the gateway reflex and the IL-6 amplifier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaoru Murakami
- Division of Psychoimmunology, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University, Nishi 7, Kita 15 jo, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0808, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Yuki Tanaka
- Division of Psychoimmunology, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University, Nishi 7, Kita 15 jo, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0808, Hokkaido, Japan.,Group of Quantum Immunology, Institute for Quantum Life Science, 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba-shi, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
| | - Masaaki Murakami
- Division of Psychoimmunology, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University, Nishi 7, Kita 15 jo, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0808, Hokkaido, Japan.,Group of Quantum Immunology, Institute for Quantum Life Science, 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba-shi, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
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Dauchez A, Hankard A, Lacroix S. [Interleukin-1 neuronal receptor induces pain in chronic inflammatory diseases]. Med Sci (Paris) 2021; 37:817-819. [PMID: 34491196 DOI: 10.1051/medsci/2021128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Astrid Dauchez
- Master 2 Immunologie Intégrative et Systémique (I2S), Parcours Immunologie, Mention BMC, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Antoine Hankard
- Master 2 Immunologie Intégrative et Systémique (I2S), Parcours Immunologie, Mention BMC, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Steve Lacroix
- Axe Neurosciences du Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval et Département de médecine moléculaire de l'Université Laval, Québec, Canada
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40
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Morichi S, Suzuki S, Nishimata S, Yamanaka G, Kashiwagi Y, Kawashima H. Increased Platelet-Derived Growth Factor and Cytokine Levels in the Cerebrospinal Fluid of Patients of Sudden Unexpected Death with or without Viral Infection. Indian J Pediatr 2021; 88:879-884. [PMID: 33400135 DOI: 10.1007/s12098-020-03588-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To clarify the pathogenesis of sudden unexpected natural death (SUD) as well as biomarkers to differentiate the underlying diseases, by performing cytokine analysis in the acute phase of pediatric patients in whom viral infection led to SUD. METHODS An acute phase cytokine analysis of pediatric patients in whom viral infection led to SUD was performed, and the data obtained were compared with those from SUD patients not associated with viral infections. Subjects included 4 boys aged 1-16 mo who died of cardiopulmonary arrest associated with viral infections. The causative viruses were identified as enterovirus, parainfluenza virus, respiratory syncytial virus, and rotavirus. The 4 other infants/children (aged 2-12 mo) died of non-infectious episodes, i.e., 1, 2, and 1 died of drowning, falling, and a traffic accident, respectively. Cerebrospinal fluid samples (CSF) of the subjects were collected during cardiopulmonary resuscitation or within 24 h of the events. RESULTS The infection-induced sudden death group showed elevated CSF levels of inflammatory cytokines and chemokines. No increase was observed in interleukin-10 levels. Furthermore, in the infection-induced sudden death group, platelet-derived growth factor levels correlated with inflammatory cytokine levels. CONCLUSIONS Infection-associated SUD may be differentiated from noninfectious SUD by measuring the levels of acute phase-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines at the onset of SUD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinichiro Morichi
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Tokyo Medical University, 6-7-1 Nishishinjuku, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-0023, Japan.
| | - Shinji Suzuki
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Tokyo Medical University, 6-7-1 Nishishinjuku, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-0023, Japan
| | - Shigeo Nishimata
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Tokyo Medical University, 6-7-1 Nishishinjuku, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-0023, Japan
| | - Gaku Yamanaka
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Tokyo Medical University, 6-7-1 Nishishinjuku, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-0023, Japan
| | - Yasuyo Kashiwagi
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Tokyo Medical University, 6-7-1 Nishishinjuku, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-0023, Japan
| | - Hisashi Kawashima
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Tokyo Medical University, 6-7-1 Nishishinjuku, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-0023, Japan
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Balzano T, Leone P, Ivaylova G, Castro MC, Reyes L, Ramón C, Malaguarnera M, Llansola M, Felipo V. Rifaximin Prevents T-Lymphocytes and Macrophages Infiltration in Cerebellum and Restores Motor Incoordination in Rats with Mild Liver Damage. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9081002. [PMID: 34440206 PMCID: PMC8393984 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9081002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Revised: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
In patients with liver cirrhosis, minimal hepatic encephalopathy (MHE) is triggered by a shift in peripheral inflammation, promoting lymphocyte infiltration into the brain. Rifaximin improves neurological function in MHE by normalizing peripheral inflammation. Patients who died with steatohepatitis showed T-lymphocyte infiltration and neuroinflammation in the cerebellum, suggesting that MHE may already occur in these patients. The aims of this work were to assess, in a rat model of mild liver damage similar to steatohepatitis, whether: (1) the rats show impaired motor coordination in the early phases of liver damage; (2) this is associated with changes in the immune system and infiltration of immune cells into the brain; and (3) rifaximin improves motor incoordination, associated with improved peripheral inflammation, reduced infiltration of immune cells and neuroinflammation in the cerebellum, and restoration of the alterations in neurotransmission. Liver damage was induced by carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) injection over four weeks. Peripheral inflammation, immune cell infiltration, neuroinflammation, and neurotransmission in the cerebellum and motor coordination were assessed. Mild liver damage induces neuroinflammation and altered neurotransmission in the cerebellum and motor incoordination. These alterations are associated with increased TNFa, CCL20, and CX3CL1 in plasma and cerebellum, IL-17 and IL-15 in plasma, and CCL2 in cerebellum. This promotes T-lymphocyte and macrophage infiltration in the cerebellum. Early treatment with rifaximin prevents the shift in peripheral inflammation, immune cell infiltration, neuroinflammation, and motor incoordination. This report provides new clues regarding the mechanisms of the beneficial effects of rifaximin, suggesting that early rifaximin treatment could prevent neurological impairment in patients with steatohepatitis.
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Acharjee S, Gordon PMK, Lee BH, Read J, Workentine ML, Sharkey KA, Pittman QJ. Characterization of microglial transcriptomes in the brain and spinal cord of mice in early and late experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis using a RiboTag strategy. Sci Rep 2021; 11:14319. [PMID: 34253764 PMCID: PMC8275680 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-93590-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Microglia play an important role in the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis and the mouse model of MS, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). To more fully understand the role of microglia in EAE we characterized microglial transcriptomes before the onset of motor symptoms (pre-onset) and during symptomatic EAE. We compared the transcriptome in brain, where behavioral changes are initiated, and spinal cord, where damage is revealed as motor and sensory deficits. We used a RiboTag strategy to characterize ribosome-bound mRNA only in microglia without incurring possible transcriptional changes after cell isolation. Brain and spinal cord samples clustered separately at both stages of EAE, indicating regional heterogeneity. Differences in gene expression were observed in the brain and spinal cord of pre-onset and symptomatic animals with most profound effects in the spinal cord of symptomatic animals. Canonical pathway analysis revealed changes in neuroinflammatory pathways, immune functions and enhanced cell division in both pre-onset and symptomatic brain and spinal cord. We also observed a continuum of many pathways at pre-onset stage that continue into the symptomatic stage of EAE. Our results provide additional evidence of regional and temporal heterogeneity in microglial gene expression patterns that may help in understanding mechanisms underlying various symptomology in MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaona Acharjee
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, AB, T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Paul M K Gordon
- Centre for Health Genomics and Informatics, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Benjamin H Lee
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, AB, T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Justin Read
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, AB, T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Matthew L Workentine
- Department of Comparative Biology and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Keith A Sharkey
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, AB, T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Quentin J Pittman
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, AB, T2N 4N1, Canada.
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Hasegawa S, Inoue T, Nakamura Y, Fukaya D, Uni R, Wu CH, Fujii R, Peerapanyasut W, Taguchi A, Kohro T, Yamada S, Katagiri M, Ko T, Nomura S, Nakanishi Ozeki A, Susaki EA, Ueda HR, Akimitsu N, Wada Y, Komuro I, Nangaku M, Inagi R. Activation of Sympathetic Signaling in Macrophages Blocks Systemic Inflammation and Protects against Renal Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury. J Am Soc Nephrol 2021; 32:1599-1615. [PMID: 33875568 PMCID: PMC8425643 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2020121723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The sympathetic nervous system regulates immune cell dynamics. However, the detailed role of sympathetic signaling in inflammatory diseases is still unclear because it varies according to the disease situation and responsible cell types. This study focused on identifying the functions of sympathetic signaling in macrophages in LPS-induced sepsis and renal ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI). METHODS We performed RNA sequencing of mouse macrophage cell lines to identify the critical gene that mediates the anti-inflammatory effect of β2-adrenergic receptor (Adrb2) signaling. We also examined the effects of salbutamol (a selective Adrb2 agonist) in LPS-induced systemic inflammation and renal IRI. Macrophage-specific Adrb2 conditional knockout (cKO) mice and the adoptive transfer of salbutamol-treated macrophages were used to assess the involvement of macrophage Adrb2 signaling. RESULTS In vitro, activation of Adrb2 signaling in macrophages induced the expression of T cell Ig and mucin domain 3 (Tim3), which contributes to anti-inflammatory phenotypic alterations. In vivo, salbutamol administration blocked LPS-induced systemic inflammation and protected against renal IRI; this protection was mitigated in macrophage-specific Adrb2 cKO mice. The adoptive transfer of salbutamol-treated macrophages also protected against renal IRI. Single-cell RNA sequencing revealed that this protection was associated with the accumulation of Tim3-expressing macrophages in the renal tissue. CONCLUSIONS The activation of Adrb2 signaling in macrophages induces anti-inflammatory phenotypic alterations partially via the induction of Tim3 expression, which blocks LPS-induced systemic inflammation and protects against renal IRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sho Hasegawa
- Division of Nephrology and Endocrinology, University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan,Division of CKD Pathophysiology, University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Inoue
- Division of CKD Pathophysiology, University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan,Department of Physiology of Visceral Function and Body Fluid, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Yasuna Nakamura
- Division of Nephrology and Endocrinology, University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan,Department of Physiology of Visceral Function and Body Fluid, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Daichi Fukaya
- Division of CKD Pathophysiology, University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan,Department of Nephrology, Saitama Medical University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Rie Uni
- Division of Nephrology and Endocrinology, University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan,Division of CKD Pathophysiology, University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Chia-Hsien Wu
- Division of Nephrology and Endocrinology, University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan,Department of Physiology of Visceral Function and Body Fluid, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Rie Fujii
- Division of Nephrology and Endocrinology, University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan,Division of CKD Pathophysiology, University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Wachirasek Peerapanyasut
- Division of CKD Pathophysiology, University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan,Mahidol University, Nakhonsawan Campus, Nakhonsawan, Thailand
| | - Akashi Taguchi
- Isotope Science Center, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takahide Kohro
- Department of Clinical Informatics/Cardiology, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Shintaro Yamada
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan,Genome Science Division, Research Center for Advanced Science and Technologies, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mikako Katagiri
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Ko
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan,Genome Science Division, Research Center for Advanced Science and Technologies, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Seitaro Nomura
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan,Genome Science Division, Research Center for Advanced Science and Technologies, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Etsuo A. Susaki
- Department of Systems Pharmacology, The University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan,Laboratory for Synthetic Biology, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Suita, Japan
| | - Hiroki R. Ueda
- Department of Systems Pharmacology, The University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan,Laboratory for Synthetic Biology, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Suita, Japan
| | | | - Youichiro Wada
- Isotope Science Center, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Issei Komuro
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masaomi Nangaku
- Division of Nephrology and Endocrinology, University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Reiko Inagi
- Division of CKD Pathophysiology, University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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Une H, Yamasaki R, Nagata S, Yamaguchi H, Nakamuta Y, Indiasari UC, Cui Y, Shinoda K, Masaki K, Götz M, Kira JI. Brain gray matter astroglia-specific connexin 43 ablation attenuates spinal cord inflammatory demyelination. J Neuroinflammation 2021; 18:126. [PMID: 34090477 PMCID: PMC8180177 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-021-02176-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Brain astroglia are activated preceding the onset of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), an animal model of multiple sclerosis (MS). We characterized the effects of brain astroglia on spinal cord inflammation, focusing on astroglial connexin (Cx)43, because we recently reported that Cx43 has a critical role in regulating neuroinflammation. Methods Because glutamate aspartate transporter (GLAST)+ astroglia are enriched in the brain gray matter, we generated Cx43fl/fl;GLAST-CreERT2/+ mice that were brain gray matter astroglia-specific Cx43 conditional knockouts (Cx43 icKO). EAE was induced by immunization with myelin oligodendroglia glycoprotein (MOG) 35–55 peptide 10 days after tamoxifen injection. Cx43fl/fl mice were used as controls. Results Acute and chronic EAE signs were significantly milder in Cx43 icKO mice than in controls whereas splenocyte MOG-specific responses were unaltered. Histologically, Cx43 icKO mice showed significantly less demyelination and fewer CD45+ infiltrating immunocytes, including F4/80+ macrophages, and Iba1+ microglia in the spinal cord than controls. Microarray analysis of the whole cerebellum revealed marked upregulation of anti-inflammatory A2-specific astroglia gene sets in the pre-immunized phase and decreased proinflammatory A1-specific and pan-reactive astroglial gene expression in the onset phase in Cx43 icKO mice compared with controls. Astroglia expressing C3, a representative A1 marker, were significantly decreased in the cerebrum, cerebellum, and spinal cord of Cx43 icKO mice compared with controls in the peak phase. Isolated Cx43 icKO spinal microglia showed more anti-inflammatory and less proinflammatory gene expression than control microglia in the pre-immunized phase. In particular, microglial expression of Ccl2, Ccl5, Ccl7, and Ccl8 in the pre-immunized phase and of Cxcl9 at the peak phase was lower in Cx43 icKO than in controls. Spinal microglia circularity was significantly lower in Cx43 icKO than in controls in the peak phase. Significantly lower interleukin (IL)-6, interferon-γ, and IL-10 levels were present in cerebrospinal fluid from Cx43 icKO mice in the onset phase compared with controls. Conclusions The ablation of Cx43 in brain gray matter astroglia attenuates EAE by promoting astroglia toward an anti-inflammatory phenotype and suppressing proinflammatory activation of spinal microglia partly through depressed cerebrospinal fluid proinflammatory cytokine/chemokine levels. Brain astroglial Cx43 might be a novel therapeutic target for MS. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12974-021-02176-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayato Une
- Department of Neurology, Neurological Institute, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1, Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Ryo Yamasaki
- Department of Neurology, Neurological Institute, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1, Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Satoshi Nagata
- Department of Neurology, Neurological Institute, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1, Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Hiroo Yamaguchi
- Department of Neurology, Neurological Institute, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1, Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Yuko Nakamuta
- Department of Neurology, Neurological Institute, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1, Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Ulfa Camelia Indiasari
- Department of Neurology, Neurological Institute, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1, Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Yiwen Cui
- Department of Neurology, Neurological Institute, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1, Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Koji Shinoda
- Department of Neurology, Neurological Institute, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1, Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Katsuhisa Masaki
- Department of Neurology, Neurological Institute, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1, Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Magdalena Götz
- Physiological Genomics, Biomedical Center, Ludwig-Maximilians University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Jun-Ichi Kira
- Department of Neurology, Neurological Institute, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1, Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan. .,Translational Neuroscience Center, Graduate School of Medicine, and School of Pharmacy at Fukuoka, International University of Health and Welfare, 137-1 Enokizu, Ookawa, Fukuoka, 831-8501, Japan. .,Department of Neurology, Brain and Nerve Center, Fukuoka Central Hospital, International University of Health and Welfare, 2-6-11 Yakuin, Chuo-ku, Fukuoka, 810-0022, Japan.
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Nakahara K, Nakane S, Nagaishi A, Narita T, Matsuo H, Ando Y. Very late onset neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders. Eur J Neurol 2021; 28:2574-2581. [PMID: 33960076 DOI: 10.1111/ene.14901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Revised: 04/24/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) often presents in the elderly with an insidious onset of symptoms and aggressive progression. There have been anecdotal cases of very late onset (VLO)-NMOSD, but case series reports are rare. The aim of this retrospective study was to clarify the clinical features of VLO-NMOSD. METHODS According to the age at onset, we classified patients with NMOSD into three subgroups: ≤49 years, early onset NMOSD (EO-NMOSD); 50-69 years, late onset NMOSD (LO-NMOSD); and ≥70 years, VLO-NMOSD. We evaluated the clinical characteristics, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings, laboratory data, and immunotherapies of the groups. RESULTS Overall, 12 men and 64 women with a median (interquartile range) age at onset and duration of disease of 42.0 (29.0-55.8) years and 70.0 (16.3-143.0) months, respectively, were included. Eight (11%) patients had VLO-NMOSD, 22 (29%) had LO-NMOSD, and 46 (61%) had EO-NMOSD. Patients with EO-NMOSD had a significantly longer interval between episodes as well as time between the first symptom and diagnosis of NMOSD than did those with VLO-NMOSD and LO-NMOSD (p = 0.046). Optic neuritis and nerve lesions on MRI were significantly less frequent in patients with VLO-NMOSD than in those with LO-NMOSD and EO-NMOSD (p = 0.002 and p = 0.028, respectively). In contrast, patients with VLO-NMOSD had higher nadir Expanded Disability Status Scale and Nurick scale scores and a significantly longer spinal lesion length than did those with LO-NMOSD and EO-NMOSD (p = 0.029, p = 0.049, and p = 0.032, respectively). CONCLUSIONS Patients with VLO-NMOSD tend to develop severe myelitis with long cord lesions but not optic neuritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keiichi Nakahara
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Shunya Nakane
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan.,Department of Molecular Neurology and Therapeutics, Kumamoto University Hospital, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Akiko Nagaishi
- Department of Neurology, National Hospital Organization Nagasaki Kawatana Medical Center, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Tomoko Narita
- Department of Neurology, National Hospital Organization Nagasaki Kawatana Medical Center, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Hidenori Matsuo
- Department of Neurology, National Hospital Organization Nagasaki Kawatana Medical Center, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Yukio Ando
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
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Shimoyama S, Nakagawa I, Jiang JJ, Matsumoto I, Chiorini JA, Hasegawa Y, Ohara O, Hasebe R, Ota M, Uchida M, Kamimura D, Hojyo S, Tanaka Y, Atsumi T, Murakami M. Sjögren's syndrome-associated SNPs increase GTF2I expression in salivary gland cells to enhance inflammation development. Int Immunol 2021; 33:423-434. [PMID: 34036345 DOI: 10.1093/intimm/dxab025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Sjögren's syndrome (SS) is an autoimmune disease characterized by inflammation with lymphoid infiltration and destruction of the salivary glands. Although many genome-wide association studies have revealed disease-associated risk alleles, the functions of the majority of these alleles are unclear. Here, we show previously unrecognized roles of GTF2I molecules by using two SS-associated single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), rs73366469 and rs117026326 (GTF2I SNPs). We found that the risk alleles of GTF2I SNPs increased GTF2I expression and enhanced nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) activation in human salivary gland cells via the NF-κB p65 subunit. Indeed, the knockdown of GTF2I suppressed inflammatory responses in mouse endothelial cells and in vivo. Conversely, the over-expression of GTF2I enhanced NF-κB reporter activity depending on its p65-binding N-terminal leucine zipper domain. GTF2I is highly expressed in the human salivary gland cells of SS patients expressing the risk alleles. Consistently, the risk alleles of GTF2I SNPs were strongly associated with activation of the IL-6 amplifier, which is hyperactivation machinery of the NF-κB pathway, and lymphoid infiltration in the salivary glands of SS patients. These results demonstrated that GTF2I expression in salivary glands is increased in the presence of the risk alleles of GTF2I SNPs, resulting in activation of the NF-κB pathway in salivary gland cells. They also suggest that GTF2I could be a new therapeutic target for SS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuhei Shimoyama
- Division of Molecular Psychoimmunology, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 0600815, Japan.,Department of Rheumatology, Endocrinology and Nephrology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo 0600815, Japan
| | - Ikuma Nakagawa
- Division of Molecular Psychoimmunology, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 0600815, Japan.,Department of Rheumatology, Endocrinology and Nephrology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo 0600815, Japan
| | - Jing-Jing Jiang
- Division of Molecular Psychoimmunology, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 0600815, Japan.,Institute of Preventive Genomic Medicine, School of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xian 710069, China
| | - Isao Matsumoto
- Division of Clinical Immunology, Major of Advanced Biological Applications, Graduate School Comprehensive Human Science, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 3050006, Japan
| | - John A Chiorini
- AAV Biology Section, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Yoshinori Hasegawa
- Laboratory of Clinical Omics Research, Department of Applied Genomics, Kazusa DNA Research Institute, 2-6-7 Kazusa-kamatari, Kisarazu, Chiba 2920818, Japan
| | - Osamu Ohara
- Laboratory of Clinical Omics Research, Department of Applied Genomics, Kazusa DNA Research Institute, 2-6-7 Kazusa-kamatari, Kisarazu, Chiba 2920818, Japan
| | - Rie Hasebe
- Biomedical Animal Research Laboratory, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 0600815, Japan
| | - Mitsutoshi Ota
- Division of Molecular Psychoimmunology, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 0600815, Japan
| | - Mona Uchida
- Division of Molecular Psychoimmunology, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 0600815, Japan
| | - Daisuke Kamimura
- Division of Molecular Psychoimmunology, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 0600815, Japan
| | - Shintaro Hojyo
- Division of Molecular Psychoimmunology, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 0600815, Japan
| | - Yuki Tanaka
- Division of Molecular Psychoimmunology, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 0600815, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Atsumi
- Department of Rheumatology, Endocrinology and Nephrology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo 0600815, Japan
| | - Masaaki Murakami
- Division of Molecular Psychoimmunology, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 0600815, Japan
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47
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Uchida M, Yamamoto R, Matsuyama S, Murakami K, Hasebe R, Hojyo S, Tanaka Y, Murakami M. Gateway reflexes, neuronal circuits that regulate the gateways for autoreactive T cells in organs that have blood barriers. Int Immunol 2021; 34:59-65. [PMID: 33978730 DOI: 10.1093/intimm/dxab022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Gateway reflexes are neural circuits that maintain homeostasis of the immune system. They form gateways for autoreactive T cells to infiltrate the central nervous system in a noradrenaline-dependent manner despite the blood-brain barrier. This mechanism is critical not only for maintaining organ homeostasis but also for inflammatory disease development. Gateway reflexes can be regulated by environmental or artificial stimuli including electrical stimulation, suggesting that the infiltration of immune cells can be controlled by bioelectronic medicine. In this review, we describe the discovery of gateway reflexes and their future directions with special focus on bioelectronic medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona Uchida
- Molecular Psychoimmunology, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University
| | - Reiji Yamamoto
- Molecular Psychoimmunology, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University
| | - Shiina Matsuyama
- Molecular Psychoimmunology, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University
| | - Kaoru Murakami
- Molecular Psychoimmunology, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University
| | - Rie Hasebe
- Infectious Cancer, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University
| | - Shintaro Hojyo
- Molecular Psychoimmunology, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University
| | - Yuki Tanaka
- Molecular Psychoimmunology, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University
| | - Masaaki Murakami
- Molecular Psychoimmunology, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University
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48
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A peripheral inflammatory signature discriminates bipolar from unipolar depression: A machine learning approach. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2021; 105:110136. [PMID: 33045321 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2020.110136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Revised: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mood disorders (major depressive disorder, MDD, and bipolar disorder, BD) are considered leading causes of life-long disability worldwide, where high rates of no response to treatment or relapse and delays in receiving a proper diagnosis (~60% of depressed BD patients are initially misdiagnosed as MDD) contribute to a growing personal and socio-economic burden. The immune system may represent a new target to develop novel diagnostic and therapeutic procedures but reliable biomarkers still need to be found. METHODS In our study we predicted the differential diagnosis of mood disorders by considering the plasma levels of 54 cytokines, chemokines and growth factors of 81 BD and 127 MDD depressed patients. Clinical diagnoses were predicted also against 32 healthy controls. Elastic net models, including 5000 non-parametric bootstrapping procedure and inner and outer 10-fold nested cross-validation were performed in order to identify the signatures for the disorders. RESULTS Results showed that the immune-inflammatory signature classifies the two disorders with a high accuracy (AUC = 97%), specifically 92% and 86% respectively for MDD and BD. MDD diagnosis was predicted by high levels of markers related to both pro-inflammatory (i.e. IL-1β, IL-6, IL-7, IL-16) and regulatory responses (IL-2, IL-4, and IL-10), whereas BD by high levels of inflammatory markers (CCL3, CCL4, CCL5, CCL11, CCL25, CCL27, CXCL11, IL-9 and TNF-α). CONCLUSIONS Our findings provide novel tools for early diagnosis of BD, strengthening the impact of biomarkers research into clinical practice, and new insights for the development of innovative therapeutic strategies for depressive disorders.
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49
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Nakai A, Leach S, Suzuki K. Control of immune cell trafficking through inter-organ communication. Int Immunol 2021; 33:327-335. [PMID: 33751050 DOI: 10.1093/intimm/dxab009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell migration is a cardinal feature of the immune system. Immune cell trafficking is orchestrated principally by chemokines and adhesion molecules, which guide the cells to the right place and at the right time to efficiently induce immune responses. Recent studies have demonstrated that signals from other organ systems influence the expression of and responsiveness to these guidance cues and consequentially immune cell migration. Neuronal inputs control entry and exit of immune cells to and from lymphoid and non-lymphoid tissues. The circadian clock helps establish diurnal variations in immune cell distribution among tissues. Nutritional status also alters immune cell homing to the bone marrow. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge about inter-organ control of immune cell trafficking and discuss the physiological and pathological significance of these mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akiko Nakai
- Laboratory of Immune Response Dynamics, WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.,Department of Immune Response Dynamics, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Sarah Leach
- Laboratory of Immune Response Dynamics, WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Suzuki
- Laboratory of Immune Response Dynamics, WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.,Department of Immune Response Dynamics, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
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50
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Mailhot B, Christin M, Tessandier N, Sotoudeh C, Bretheau F, Turmel R, Pellerin È, Wang F, Bories C, Joly-Beauparlant C, De Koninck Y, Droit A, Cicchetti F, Scherrer G, Boilard E, Sharif-Naeini R, Lacroix S. Neuronal interleukin-1 receptors mediate pain in chronic inflammatory diseases. J Exp Med 2021; 217:151879. [PMID: 32573694 PMCID: PMC7478735 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20191430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Revised: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic pain is a major comorbidity of chronic inflammatory diseases. Here, we report that the cytokine IL-1β, which is abundantly produced during multiple sclerosis (MS), arthritis (RA), and osteoarthritis (OA) both in humans and in animal models, drives pain associated with these diseases. We found that the type 1 IL-1 receptor (IL-1R1) is highly expressed in the mouse and human by a subpopulation of TRPV1+ dorsal root ganglion neurons specialized in detecting painful stimuli, termed nociceptors. Strikingly, deletion of the Il1r1 gene specifically in TRPV1+ nociceptors prevented the development of mechanical allodynia without affecting clinical signs and disease progression in mice with experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis and K/BxN serum transfer–induced RA. Conditional restoration of IL-1R1 expression in nociceptors of IL-1R1–knockout mice induced pain behavior but did not affect joint damage in monosodium iodoacetate–induced OA. Collectively, these data reveal that neuronal IL-1R1 signaling mediates pain, uncovering the potential benefit of anti–IL-1 therapies for pain management in patients with chronic inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benoit Mailhot
- Axe Neurosciences du Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval et Département de médecine moléculaire de l'Université Laval, Québec, Canada
| | - Marine Christin
- Department of Physiology and Cell Information Systems Group, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Nicolas Tessandier
- Axe Maladies infectieuses et immunitaires du Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval et Département de microbiologie-infectiologie et d'immunologie de l'Université Laval, Québec, Canada
| | - Chaudy Sotoudeh
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA
| | - Floriane Bretheau
- Axe Neurosciences du Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval et Département de médecine moléculaire de l'Université Laval, Québec, Canada
| | - Roxanne Turmel
- Axe Neurosciences du Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval et Département de médecine moléculaire de l'Université Laval, Québec, Canada
| | - Ève Pellerin
- Axe Neurosciences du Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval et Département de médecine moléculaire de l'Université Laval, Québec, Canada
| | - Feng Wang
- Centre de recherche CERVO, Québec, Canada
| | | | - Charles Joly-Beauparlant
- Axe Endocrinologie-néphrologie du Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval et Département de médecine moléculaire de l'Université Laval, Québec, Canada
| | | | - Arnaud Droit
- Axe Endocrinologie-néphrologie du Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval et Département de médecine moléculaire de l'Université Laval, Québec, Canada
| | - Francesca Cicchetti
- Axe Neurosciences du Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval et Département de psychiatrie et de neurosciences de l'Université Laval, Québec, Canada
| | - Grégory Scherrer
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina Neuroscience Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC.,New York Stem Cell Foundation - Robertson Investigator, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Eric Boilard
- Axe Maladies infectieuses et immunitaires du Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval et Département de microbiologie-infectiologie et d'immunologie de l'Université Laval, Québec, Canada
| | - Reza Sharif-Naeini
- Department of Physiology and Cell Information Systems Group, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Steve Lacroix
- Axe Neurosciences du Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval et Département de médecine moléculaire de l'Université Laval, Québec, Canada
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