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Braunwald E. Triglycerides: the past, the present, and the future. Eur Heart J 2024; 45:3780-3781. [PMID: 39162355 DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehae515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/21/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Eugene Braunwald
- TIMI Study Group, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Hale Building, Suite 7022, 60 Fenwood Road, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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Ghiasi Hafezi S, Behkamal B, Rashidmayvan M, Hosseini M, Yadegari M, Ghoflchi S, Mansoori A, Ghamsary M, Ferns G, Saberi MR, Esmaily H, Ghayour-Mobarhan M. Comparison between statistical and machine learning methods to detect the hematological indices with the greatest influence on elevated serum levels of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol. Chem Phys Lipids 2024; 265:105446. [PMID: 39369864 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphyslip.2024.105446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2024] [Revised: 09/29/2024] [Accepted: 09/30/2024] [Indexed: 10/08/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Elevated levels of low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) is a significant risk factor for the development of cardiovascular diseases (CVD)s. Furthermore, studies have revealed an association between indices of the complete blood count (CBC) and dyslipidemia. We aimed to investigate the relationship between CBC parameters and serum levels of LDL. METHOD In a prospective study involving 9704 participants aged 35-65 years, comprehensive screening was conducted to estimate LDL-C levels and CBC indicators. The association between these biomarkers and high LDL-C (LDL-C≥130 mg/dL (3.25 mmol/L)) was investigated using various analytical methods, including Logistic Regression (LR), Decision Tree (DT), Random Forest (RF), Neural Network (NN), and Support Vector Machine (SVM) methodologies. RESULT The present study found that age, hemoglobin (HGB), hematocrit (HCT), platelet count (PLT), lymphocyte (LYM), PLT-LYM ratio (PLR), PLT-High-Density Lipoprotein (HDL) ratio (PHR), HGB-LYM ratio (HLR), red blood cell count (RBC), Neutrophil-HDL ratio (NHR), and PLT-RBC ratio (PRR) were all statistically significant between the two groups (p<0.05). Another important finding was that red cell distribution width (RDW) was a significant predictor for higher LDL levels in women. Furthermore, in men, RDW-PLT ratio (RPR) and PHR were the most important indicators for assessing the elevated LDL levels. CONCLUSION The study found that sex increases LDL-C odds in females by 52.9 %, while age and HCT increase it by 4.1 % and 5.5 %, respectively. RPR and PHR were the most influential variables for both genders. Elevated RPR and PHR were negatively correlated with increased LDL levels in men, and RDW levels was a statistically significant factor for women. Moreover, RDW was a significant factor in women for high levels of HDL-C. The study revealed that females have higher LDL-C levels (16 % compared to 14 % of males), with significant differences across variables like age, HGB, HCT, PLT, RLR, PHR, RBC, LYM, NHR, RPR, and key factors like RDW and SII.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somayeh Ghiasi Hafezi
- International UNESCO center for Health-Related Basic Sciences and Human Nutrition, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Department of Biostatistics, School of Health, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Bahareh Behkamal
- Medicinal Chemistry Department, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Student Research Committee, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Medicinal, Chemistry Department, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mohammad Rashidmayvan
- Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences and Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Gonabad University of Medical Sciences, Gonabad, Iran
| | - Marzieh Hosseini
- Department of Biostatistics, College of health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mehran Yadegari
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Sahar Ghoflchi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Amin Mansoori
- Department of Applied Mathematics, School of Mathematical Sciences, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mark Ghamsary
- School of Public Health, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - Gordon Ferns
- Brighton and Sussex Medical School, Division of Medical Education, Brighton, United Kingdom
| | - Mohammad Reza Saberi
- Medicinal Chemistry Department, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Bioinformatics Research Group, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
| | - Habibollah Esmaily
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Health, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
| | - Majid Ghayour-Mobarhan
- International UNESCO center for Health-Related Basic Sciences and Human Nutrition, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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Ference BA, Braunwald E, Catapano AL. The LDL cumulative exposure hypothesis: evidence and practical applications. Nat Rev Cardiol 2024; 21:701-716. [PMID: 38969749 DOI: 10.1038/s41569-024-01039-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/07/2024]
Abstract
The trapping of LDL and other apolipoprotein B-containing lipoproteins within the artery wall causes atherosclerosis. As more LDL becomes trapped within the artery wall over time, the atherosclerotic plaque burden gradually increases, raising the risk of an acute cardiovascular event. Therefore, the biological effect of LDL on the risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) depends on both the magnitude and duration of exposure. Maintaining low levels of LDL-cholesterol (LDL-C) over time decreases the number of LDL particles trapped within the artery wall, slows the progression of atherosclerosis and, by delaying the age at which mature atherosclerotic plaques develop, substantially reduces the lifetime risk of ASCVD events. Summing LDL-C measurements over time to calculate cumulative exposure to LDL generates a unique biomarker that captures both the magnitude and duration of exposure, which facilitates the estimation of the absolute risk of having an acute cardiovascular event at any point in time. Titrating LDL-C lowering to keep cumulative exposure to LDL below the threshold at which acute cardiovascular events occur can effectively prevent ASCVD. In this Review, we provide the first comprehensive overview of how the LDL cumulative exposure hypothesis can guide the prevention of ASCVD. We also discuss the benefits of maintaining lower LDL-C levels over time and how this knowledge can be used to inform clinical practice guidelines as well as to design novel primary prevention trials and ASCVD prevention programmes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian A Ference
- DeepCausalAI Institute for Clinical Translation, Cambridge, UK.
| | - Eugene Braunwald
- TIMI Study Group, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Alberico L Catapano
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milano, Milan, Italy.
- Multimedica IRCCS, Milan, Italy.
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Shubhrasmita Sahu S, Sarkar P, Chattopadhyay A. Quantitation of F-actin in cytoskeletal reorganization: Context, methodology and implications. Methods 2024; 230:44-58. [PMID: 39074540 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymeth.2024.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2024] [Revised: 07/08/2024] [Accepted: 07/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/31/2024] Open
Abstract
The actin cytoskeleton is involved in a large number of cellular signaling events in addition to providing structural integrity to the cell. Actin polymerization is a key event during cellular signaling. Although the role of actin cytoskeleton in cellular processes such as trafficking and motility has been extensively studied, the reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton upon signaling has been rarely explored due to lack of suitable assays. Keeping in mind this lacuna, we developed a confocal microscopy based approach that relies on high magnification imaging of cellular F-actin, followed by image reconstruction using commercially available software. In this review, we discuss the context and relevance of actin quantitation, followed by a detailed hands-on approach of the methodology involved with specific points on troubleshooting and useful precautions. In the latter part of the review, we elucidate the method by discussing applications of actin quantitation from our work in several important problems in contemporary membrane biology ranging from pathogen entry into host cells, to GPCR signaling and membrane-cytoskeleton interaction. We envision that future discovery of cell-permeable novel fluorescent probes, in combination with genetically encoded actin-binding reporters, would allow real-time visualization of actin cytoskeleton dynamics to gain deeper insights into active cellular processes in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subhashree Shubhrasmita Sahu
- CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Uppal Road, Hyderabad 500 007, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201 002, India
| | - Parijat Sarkar
- CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Uppal Road, Hyderabad 500 007, India; Department of Biochemistry, Stanford University, School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Amitabha Chattopadhyay
- CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Uppal Road, Hyderabad 500 007, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201 002, India.
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Shen CP, Bagsic SRS, Jaravata A, Schatz RA, Price MJ, Stinis CT, Teirstein PS, Pandey AC. LDL to HDL ratio predicts an association with percutaneous coronary interventions. Am J Med Sci 2024; 368:405-407. [PMID: 38944204 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjms.2024.05.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2023] [Revised: 05/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 07/01/2024]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Richard A Schatz
- Division of Cardiology, Scripps Clinic, La Jolla, CA, USA; Scripps Research Translational Institute, Scripps Research, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | | | | | | | - Amitabh C Pandey
- Division of Cardiology, Scripps Clinic, La Jolla, CA, USA; Scripps Research Translational Institute, Scripps Research, La Jolla, CA, USA; Section of Cardiology, John W. Deming Department of Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, Tulane Univesity Heart and Vascular Institute, New Orleans, LA, USA; Southeast Louisiana Veterans Health Care System, New Orleans, LA, USA.
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Yan G, Qin Z, Liu A, Huang Z, Wang X, Zhang S, Xie X, Huang X, Chen J, Li Y, Xie Q, Liu Y, Su Z, Xie J. Sulfonation metabolism in the gut microbiota is the main metabolic pathway of cholesterol in hypercholesterolemic mice. Food Funct 2024; 15:9750-9765. [PMID: 39238326 DOI: 10.1039/d4fo02312a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/07/2024]
Abstract
The interactions between dietary cholesterol and intestinal microbiota strongly affect host health. Sulfonation is a major conjugating pathway responsible for regulating the chemical and functional homeostasis of endogenous and exogenous molecules. However, the role of cholesterol sulfonation metabolism in the host remains unclear. This work was designed to profile cholesterol-specific host-microbe interaction and conversion focusing on cholesterol sulfonation metabolism. Results indicated that the serum and fecal cholesterol sulfate (CHS) levels were significantly higher than those of total bile acid (TBA) levels in hypercholesterolemic mice. Deletion of the gut microbiota by antibiotics could dramatically increase total cholesterol (TC) levels but it decreased CHS levels in a pseudo-germ-free (PGF) mouse host. 16S rRNA gene sequencing assay and correlation analysis between the abundance of various intestinal bacteria (phylum and class) and the CHS/TC ratio showed that the intestinal genera Bacteroides contributed essentially to cholesterol sulfonation metabolism. These results were further confirmed in an in situ and ex vivo mouse intestinal model, which indicated that the sulfonation metabolism rate of cholesterol could reach 42% under high cholesterol conditions. These findings provided new evidence that the sulfonation metabolic pathway dominated cholesterol metabolism in hypercholesterolemic mice and microbial conversion of cholesterol-to-CHS was of vital importance for cholesterol-lowering by Bacteroides. This suggested that the gut microbiota could regulate cholesterol metabolism and that it was feasible to reduce cholesterol levels by dietary interventions involving the gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangtao Yan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, PR China.
| | - Zehui Qin
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, PR China.
- School of Chinese Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong SAR, PR China
| | - Aitong Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, PR China.
| | - Ziwei Huang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, PR China.
| | - Xinhong Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, PR China.
| | - Shanli Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, PR China.
| | - Xiaolin Xie
- The Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510120, PR China
| | - Xiaoqi Huang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, PR China.
| | - Jiannan Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, PR China.
| | - Yucui Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, PR China.
| | - Qingfeng Xie
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510120, PR China.
| | - Yuhong Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, PR China.
| | - Ziren Su
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, PR China.
- State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510120, PR China
| | - Jianhui Xie
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510120, PR China.
- State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510120, PR China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Research on Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, Guangzhou 510120, PR China
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Yang D, Cherian L, Arfanakis K, Schneider JA, Aggarwal NT, Gutierrez J. Intracranial atherosclerotic disease and neurodegeneration: a narrative review and plausible mechanisms. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis 2024; 33:108015. [PMID: 39303868 DOI: 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2024.108015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2024] [Revised: 09/10/2024] [Accepted: 09/16/2024] [Indexed: 09/22/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Intracranial atherosclerotic disease (ICAD) of the large cerebral arteries, a leading cause of stroke worldwide, is increasingly implicated in cognitive impairment and neurodegeneration among the general population; however, the underlying pathophysiologic mechanisms in this relationship remain unknown. METHODS In this narrative review, we aim to provide an overview of the epidemiology and pathophysiology of ICAD, the evidence that relates ICAD to neurodegeneration, putative mechanisms, and future research directions. We synthesized available evidence on PubMed up to August 2024. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS ICAD, a common cause of stroke, is characterized as a chronic, inflammatory, fibroproliferative disease of the cerebral large arteries. Numerous lines of evidence have related ICAD to clinical, neuroimaging, and pathology-based markers of cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease; however, little data exists on plausible pathophysiological links. Based on ongoing and adjacent work, we hypothesize hypoperfusion, arterial stiffness, and inflammation to play a role, but further research is needed. Conventional classification of ICAD often infers from symptomatic coronary artery disease and relies on degree of luminal stenosis, but unique anatomic features of the intracranial circulation may be relevant and a more comprehensive description that includes arterial wall features and plaque morphology may be needed to fully understand its relationship with cognitive impairment and neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dixon Yang
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA.
| | - Laurel Cherian
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Konstantinos Arfanakis
- Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA; Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Julie A Schneider
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA; Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA; Department of Pathology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Neelum T Aggarwal
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA; Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Jose Gutierrez
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
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Lu J, Zhang H, Chen B, Yang Y, Cui J, Xu W, Song L, Yang H, He W, Zhang Y, Peng W, Li X. Association and its population heterogeneities between low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and all-cause and cardiovascular mortality: A population-based cohort study. Chin Med J (Engl) 2024; 137:2075-2083. [PMID: 39075633 PMCID: PMC11374287 DOI: 10.1097/cm9.0000000000003199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 07/31/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The association and its population heterogeneities between low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and all-cause and cardiovascular mortality remain unknown. We aimed to examine the dose-dependent associations of LDL-C levels with specific types of cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality and heterogeneities in the associations among different population subgroups. METHODS A total of 2,968,462 participants aged 35-75 years from China Health Evaluation And risk Reduction through nationwide Teamwork (ChinaHEART) (2014-2019) were included. Cox proportional hazard models and Fine-Gray subdistribution hazard models were used to estimate associations between LDL-C categories (<70.0, 70.0-99.9, 100.0-129.9 [reference group], 130.0-159.9, 160.0-189.9, and ≥190.0 mg/dL) and all-cause and cause-specific mortality. RESULTS During a median follow-up of 3.7 years, 57,391 and 23,241 deaths from all-cause and overall CVD were documented. We observed J-shaped associations between LDL-C and death from all-cause, overall CVD, coronary heart disease (CHD), and ischemic stroke, and an L-shaped association between LDL-C and hemorrhagic stroke (HS) mortality ( P for non-linearity <0.001). Compared with the reference group (100.0-129.9 mg/dL), very low LDL-C levels (<70.0 mg/dL) were significantly associated with increased risk of overall CVD (hazard ratio [HR]: 1.10, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.06-1.14) and HS mortality (HR: 1.37, 95% CI: 1.29-1.45). Very high LDL-C levels (≥190.0 mg/dL) were associated with increased risk of overall CVD (HR: 1.51, 95% CI: 1.40-1.62) and CHD mortality (HR: 2.08, 95% CI: 1.92-2.24). The stronger associations of very low LDL-C with risk of CVD mortality were observed in individuals with older age, low or normal body mass index, low or moderate 10-year atherosclerotic CVD risk, and those without diagnosed CVD or taking statins. Stronger associations between very high LDL-C levels and all-cause and CVD mortality were observed in younger people. CONCLUSIONS People with very low LDL-C had a higher risk of all-cause, CVD, and HS mortality; those with very high LDL-C had a higher risk of all-cause, CVD, and CHD mortality. On the basis of our findings, comprehensive health assessment is needed to evaluate cardiovascular risk and implement appropriate lipid-lowering therapy for people with very low LDL-C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiapeng Lu
- National Clinical Research Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100037, China
| | - Haibo Zhang
- National Clinical Research Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100037, China
| | - Bowang Chen
- National Clinical Research Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100037, China
| | - Yang Yang
- National Clinical Research Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100037, China
| | - Jianlan Cui
- National Clinical Research Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100037, China
| | - Wei Xu
- National Clinical Research Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100037, China
| | - Lijuan Song
- National Clinical Research Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100037, China
| | - Hao Yang
- National Clinical Research Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100037, China
| | - Wenyan He
- National Clinical Research Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100037, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- National Clinical Research Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100037, China
| | - Wenyao Peng
- National Clinical Research Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100037, China
| | - Xi Li
- National Clinical Research Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100037, China
- Shenzhen Clinical Research Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Fuwai Hospital Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518057, China
- Central China Sub-center of the National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhengzhou, Henan 451460, China
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Zhang S, Guo L, Tao R, Liu S. Ferroptosis-targeting drugs in breast cancer. J Drug Target 2024:1-18. [PMID: 39225187 DOI: 10.1080/1061186x.2024.2399181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2024] [Revised: 07/07/2024] [Accepted: 08/26/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
In 2020, breast cancer surpassed lung cancer as the most common cancer in the world for the first time. Due to the resistance of some breast cancer cell lines to apoptosis, the therapeutic effect of anti-breast cancer drugs is limited. According to recent report, the susceptibility of breast cancer cells to ferroptosis affects the progress, prognosis and drug resistance of breast cancer. For instance, roblitinib induces ferroptosis of trastuzumab-resistant human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-positive breast cancer cells by diminishing fibroblast growth factor receptor 4 (FGFR4) expression, thereby augmenting the susceptibility of these cells to HER2-targeted therapies. In tamoxifen-resistant breast cancer cells, Fascin exacerbates their resistance by repressing solute carrier family 7 member 11 (SLC7A11) expression, which in turn heightens their responsiveness to tamoxifen. In recent years, Chinese herbs extracts and therapeutic drugs have been demonstrated to elicit ferroptosis in breast cancer cells by modulating a spectrum of regulatory factors pertinent to ferroptosis, including SLC7A11, glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4), acyl-CoA synthetase long chain family member 4 (ACSL4), and haem oxygenase 1 (HO-1). Here, we review the roles and mechanisms of Chinese herbal extracts and therapeutic drugs in regulating ferroptosis in breast cancer, providing potential therapeutic options for anti-breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuxian Zhang
- Chronic Disease Research Center, Medical College, Dalian University, Dalian, China
| | - Lijuan Guo
- Chronic Disease Research Center, Medical College, Dalian University, Dalian, China
| | - Ran Tao
- Department of Anatomy, Medical College, Dalian University, Dalian, China
| | - Shuangping Liu
- Chronic Disease Research Center, Medical College, Dalian University, Dalian, China
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Ahmad P, Shah A, Waiz M, Chaturvedi CP, Alvi SS, Khan MS. Organosulfur Compounds, S-Allyl-L-Cysteine and S-Ethyl-L-Cysteine, Target PCSK-9/LDL-R-Axis to Ameliorate Cardiovascular, Hepatic, and Metabolic Changes in High Carbohydrate and High Fat Diet-Induced Metabolic Syndrome in Rats. Phytother Res 2024. [PMID: 39225240 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.8323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2024] [Revised: 05/28/2024] [Accepted: 07/12/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is an ever-evolving set of diseases that poses a serious health risk in many countries worldwide. Existing evidence illustrates that individuals with MetS have a 30%-40% higher chance of acquiring type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), cardiovascular disease (CVD), or both. This study was undertaken to uncover the regulatory role of natural organosulfur compounds (OSCs), S-allyl-L-cysteine (SAC), and S-ethyl-L-cysteine (SEC), in targeting high carbohydrate high fat (HCHF)-diet-induced MetS-associated risk management. Our findings suggested that SAC and SEC ameliorated HCHF-diet-induced diabetic profiles, plasma lipid and lipoprotein level, liver function, oxidative-stress, inflammatory cytokines, and chemokines including monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), lipid peroxidation, plasma proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type-9 (PCSK-9), and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP). Moreover, the assessment of the hepatic mRNA expression of the key genes involved in cholesterol homeostasis depicted that SAC and SEC downregulated the PCSK-9 mRNA expression via targeting the expression of HNF-1α, a transcriptional activator of PCSK-9. On the other hand, the LDL-receptor (LDL-R) expression was upregulated through the activation of its transcriptional regulator sterol regulatory element binding protein-2 (SREBP-2). In addition, the activity and the mRNA expression of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme-A reductases (HMG-R) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) were also improved by the treatment of SAC and SEC. We concluded that SAC and SEC can protect against MetS via improving the lipid and lipoprotein content, glycemic indices, hepatic function, targeting the inflammatory cascades, and oxidative imbalance, regulation of the mRNA expression of PCSK-9, LDL-R, SREBP-2, HNF-1α, PPARs, and inflammatory biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parvej Ahmad
- Integral Information & Research Center (IIRC-5), Clinical Biochemistry & Natural Product Research Lab, Department of Biosciences, Integral University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
- Stem Cell Research Center, Department of Hematology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences (SGPGIMS), Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Arunim Shah
- Stem Cell Research Center, Department of Hematology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences (SGPGIMS), Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Mohd Waiz
- Integral Information & Research Center (IIRC-5), Clinical Biochemistry & Natural Product Research Lab, Department of Biosciences, Integral University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Chandra P Chaturvedi
- Stem Cell Research Center, Department of Hematology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences (SGPGIMS), Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Sahir Sultan Alvi
- Integral Information & Research Center (IIRC-5), Clinical Biochemistry & Natural Product Research Lab, Department of Biosciences, Integral University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
- Department of Medicine and Oncology ISU, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, McAllen, Texas, USA
- South Texas Center of Excellence for Cancer Research, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, McAllen, Texas, USA
| | - M Salman Khan
- Integral Information & Research Center (IIRC-5), Clinical Biochemistry & Natural Product Research Lab, Department of Biosciences, Integral University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
- Department of Biotechnology, Era University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
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11
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Maury E, Brouyère S, Jansen M. Characteristics of Patients With Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease in Belgium and Current Treatment Patterns for the Management of Elevated LDL-C Levels. Clin Cardiol 2024; 47:e24330. [PMID: 39206747 PMCID: PMC11358763 DOI: 10.1002/clc.24330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2024] [Accepted: 07/18/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dyslipidemia remains the major cause of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). Lipid management in patients with increased cardiovascular (CV) risk needs improvement across Europe, and data gaps are noticeable at the country level. HYPOTHESIS We described the current treatment landscape in Belgium, hypothesizing that lipid management in patients with ASCVD remains inadequate and aiming to understand the reasons. METHODS Using data from an anonymized primary care database in Belgium derived from 494 750 individuals, we identified those with any CV risk factor between November 2019 and October 2022 and described the clinical features of patients with ASCVD. The main outcomes were the proportion of patients (i) receiving lipid-lowering therapies (LLTs), (ii) per low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) threshold, stratified per LLT, (iii) reaching the 2021 ESC recommended LDL-C goals, and (iv) LDL-C reduction per type of LLT was also determined. RESULTS Among 40 888 patients with very high CV risk, 24 859 had established ASCVD. Most patients with ASCVD were either receiving monotherapy (59.6%) or had no documented LLT (25.1%). Further, 64.2% of those with no documented LLT exhibited LDL-C levels ≥ 100 mg/dL. Among common treatment options, one of the greatest improvements in LDL-C levels was achieved with combination therapy of statin and ezetimibe, reducing LDL-C levels by 41.5% (p < 0.0001). Yet, in this group, 24.8% of patients had still LDL-C levels ≥ 100 mg/dL and only 20.7% were at goal. CONCLUSION Our study emphasizes the importance of developing strategies to help patients achieve their LDL-C goals, with a focus on supporting the implementation of combination LLT in routine clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Mieke Jansen
- Medical DepartmentNovartis PharmaVilvoordeBelgium
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12
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Wang X, Zhou C, Li Y, Yang H, Sun X, Li S, Li J. Sex-dependent associations of serum BDNF, glycolipid metabolism and cognitive impairments in Parkinson's disease with depression: a comprehensive analysis. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2024; 131:1047-1057. [PMID: 38967809 DOI: 10.1007/s00702-024-02802-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024]
Abstract
Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and glycolipid metabolism have been implicated in cognitive impairments and depression among Parkinson's disease (PD). However, the role of sex differences in this relationship remains elusive. This study aimed to investigate the potential sex differences in the link between serum BDNF levels, glycolipid metabolism and cognitive performance among depressive PD patients. PD patients comprising 108 individuals with depression and 108 without depression were recruited for this study. Cognitive function was assessed using the Montreal Cognitive Assessment Beijing version (MOCA-BJ). The severity of depressive symptoms was assessed using the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAMD-17), while motor symptoms were evaluated using the Revised Hoehn and Yahr rating scale (H-Y) and the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale Part III (UPDRS-III). Laboratory testing and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) are used to measure serum levels of glycolipid metabolism and BDNF. Females showed superior performance in delayed recall (all p < 0.05), male PD patients exhibited higher scores in naming tasks compared to females in non-depression group. There was no sex differences in serum BDNF levels between depression and non-depression groups. Liner regression analysis indicated BDNF as an independent risk factor for language deficits in male PD patients with depression (p < 0.05), while cholesterol (CHOL) emerged as a cognitive influencing factor, particularly in delayed recall among male PD patients with depression (p < 0.05). Our study reveals extensive cognitive impairments in PD patients with depression. Moreover, BDNF and CHOL may contribute to the pathological mechanisms underlying cognitive deficits, particularly in male patients with depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinxu Wang
- Institute of Mental Health, Tianjin Anding Hospital, Mental Health Center of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300222, China
- Brain Assessment & Intervention Laboratory, Tianjin Anding Hospital, Mental Health Center of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300222, China
| | - Chi Zhou
- Institute of Mental Health, Tianjin Anding Hospital, Mental Health Center of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300222, China
- Tongling Third People's Hospital, Tongling, 244000, China
| | - Yanzhe Li
- Institute of Mental Health, Tianjin Anding Hospital, Mental Health Center of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300222, China
- Brain Assessment & Intervention Laboratory, Tianjin Anding Hospital, Mental Health Center of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300222, China
| | - Hechao Yang
- Brain Assessment & Intervention Laboratory, Tianjin Anding Hospital, Mental Health Center of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300222, China
- Department of Psychiatry, Tianjin Huanhu Hospital, Tianjin, 300222, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Sun
- Institute of Mental Health, Tianjin Anding Hospital, Mental Health Center of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300222, China
| | - Shen Li
- Institute of Mental Health, Tianjin Anding Hospital, Mental Health Center of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300222, China.
- Brain Assessment & Intervention Laboratory, Tianjin Anding Hospital, Mental Health Center of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300222, China.
| | - Jie Li
- Institute of Mental Health, Tianjin Anding Hospital, Mental Health Center of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300222, China.
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13
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Chao TH, Lin TH, Cheng CI, Wu YW, Ueng KC, Wu YJ, Lin WW, Leu HB, Cheng HM, Huang CC, Wu CC, Lin CF, Chang WT, Pan WH, Chen PR, Ting KH, Su CH, Chu CS, Chien KL, Yen HW, Wang YC, Su TC, Liu PY, Chang HY, Chen PW, Juang JMJ, Lu YW, Lin PL, Wang CP, Ko YS, Chiang CE, Hou CJY, Wang TD, Lin YH, Huang PH, Chen WJ. 2024 Guidelines of the Taiwan Society of Cardiology on the Primary Prevention of Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease --- Part I. ACTA CARDIOLOGICA SINICA 2024; 40:479-543. [PMID: 39308649 PMCID: PMC11413940 DOI: 10.6515/acs.202409_40(5).20240724a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 07/24/2024] [Indexed: 09/25/2024]
Abstract
Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) is one of the leading causes of death worldwide and in Taiwan. It is highly prevalent and has a tremendous impact on global health. Therefore, the Taiwan Society of Cardiology developed these best-evidence preventive guidelines for decision-making in clinical practice involving aspects of primordial prevention including national policies, promotion of health education, primary prevention of clinical risk factors, and management and control of clinical risk factors. These guidelines cover the full spectrum of ASCVD, including chronic coronary syndrome, acute coronary syndrome, cerebrovascular disease, peripheral artery disease, and aortic aneurysm. In order to enhance medical education and health promotion not only for physicians but also for the general public, we propose a slogan (2H2L) for the primary prevention of ASCVD on the basis of the essential role of healthy dietary pattern and lifestyles: "Healthy Diet and Healthy Lifestyles to Help Your Life and Save Your Lives". We also propose an acronym of the modifiable risk factors/enhancers and relevant strategies to facilitate memory: " ABC2D2EFG-I'M2 ACE": Adiposity, Blood pressure, Cholesterol and Cigarette smoking, Diabetes mellitus and Dietary pattern, Exercise, Frailty, Gout/hyperuricemia, Inflammation/infection, Metabolic syndrome and Metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease, Atmosphere (environment), Chronic kidney disease, and Easy life (sleep well and no stress). Some imaging studies can be risk enhancers. Some risk factors/clinical conditions are deemed to be preventable, and healthy dietary pattern, physical activity, and body weight control remain the cornerstone of the preventive strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting-Hsing Chao
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chung-Shan Medical University Hospital; School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung
| | - Tsung-Hsien Lin
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital
- Faculty of Medicine and Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University
| | - Cheng-I Cheng
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung; School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan
| | - Yen-Wen Wu
- Division of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Medical Center, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, New Taipei City
- School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, Yuan Ze University, Taoyuan
| | - Kwo-Chang Ueng
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chung-Shan Medical University Hospital; School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung
| | - Yih-Jer Wu
- Department of Medicine and Institute of Biomedical Sciences, MacKay Medical College, New Taipei City
- Cardiovascular Center, Department of Internal Medicine, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei
| | - Wei-Wen Lin
- Cardiovascular Center, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung
| | - Hsing-Ban Leu
- School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei
- Cardiovascular Research Center, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University
- Healthcare and Management Center
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital
| | - Hao-Min Cheng
- Ph.D. Program of Interdisciplinary Medicine (PIM), National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University College of Medicine; Division of Faculty Development; Center for Evidence-based Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital; Institute of Public Health; Institute of Health and Welfare Policy, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University College of Medicine
| | - Chin-Chou Huang
- School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital
- Institute of Pharmacology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei
| | - Chih-Cheng Wu
- Center of Quality Management, National Taiwan University Hospital Hsinchu Branch, Hsinchu; College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei; Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Tsing-Hua University, Hsinchu; Institute of Cellular and System Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan
| | - Chao-Feng Lin
- Department of Medicine, MacKay Medical College, New Taipei City; Department of Cardiology, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei
| | - Wei-Ting Chang
- School of Medicine and Doctoral Program of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, College of Medicine and Center of Excellence for Metabolic Associated Fatty Liver Disease, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung; Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan
| | - Wen-Han Pan
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei; Institute of Population Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli; and Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, National Taiwan University
| | - Pey-Rong Chen
- Department of Dietetics, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei
| | - Ke-Hsin Ting
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yunlin Christian Hospital, Yunlin
| | - Chun-Hung Su
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chung-Shan Medical University Hospital; School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung
| | - Chih-Sheng Chu
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Municipal Ta-Tung Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung
| | - Kuo-Liong Chien
- Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University; Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine; Population Health Research Center, National Taiwan University, Taipei
| | - Hsueh-Wei Yen
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital
| | - Yu-Chen Wang
- Division of Cardiology, Asia University Hospital; Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, Asia University; Division of Cardiology, China Medical University College of Medicine and Hospital, Taichung
| | - Ta-Chen Su
- Cardiovascular Center, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Medicine, National Taiwan University College of Medicine
| | - Pang-Yen Liu
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center
| | - Hsien-Yuan Chang
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan
| | - Po-Wei Chen
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan
| | - Jyh-Ming Jimmy Juang
- Heart Failure Center and Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, and National Taiwan University Hospital
| | - Ya-Wen Lu
- Cardiovascular Center, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung
- Cardiovascular Research Center, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei
| | - Po-Lin Lin
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Hsinchu MacKay Memorial Hospital, Hsinchu
| | - Chao-Ping Wang
- Division of Cardiology, E-Da Hospital; School of Medicine for International Students, College of Medicine, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung
| | - Yu-Shien Ko
- Cardiovascular Division, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital; College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan
| | - Chern-En Chiang
- General Clinical Research Center and Division of Cardiology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital and National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University
| | - Charles Jia-Yin Hou
- Cardiovascular Center, Department of Internal Medicine, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei
| | - Tzung-Dau Wang
- Cardiovascular Center and Divisions of Hospital Medicine and Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine
| | - Yen-Hung Lin
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei
| | - Po-Hsun Huang
- Cardiovascular Research Center, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital
| | - Wen-Jone Chen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Min-Sheng General Hospital, Taoyuan; Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
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14
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Suryan V, Chandra NC. Cholesterol and Cytokines: Molecular Links to Atherosclerosis and Carcinogenesis. Cell Biochem Biophys 2024; 82:1837-1844. [PMID: 38943010 DOI: 10.1007/s12013-024-01383-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/30/2024]
Abstract
An increase of cholesterol concentration within the artery obstructs arterial blood flow once it deposits alongside the arterial wall. This results in atherosclerosis. Carcinogenesis causes a quicker clearance of vascular cholesterol to meet the demands of tumour cell development. Both illnesses have an increased concentration of pro-inflammatory cytokines in the blood. To search the comparative characteristics of cholesterol and pro-inflammatory cytokines in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis and carcinogenesis, a comprehensive online survey using MEDLINE, Scopus, PubMed, and Google Scholar was conducted for relevant journals with key search term cholesterol and cytokines in atherosclerotic and cancerous patients. According to reports, hypercholesterolaemia related dyslipidemia causes atherosclerosis in blood arteries and hypercholesterolaemia in cell nucleus is a reason for developing carcinogenesis. It is also noted that pro-inflammatory cytokines are involved in both of the aforementioned pathogenesis. Changes in anti-inflammatory cytokines are only the characteristic features of each kind. Thus, Cholesterol and pro-inflammatory cytokines are intensely interlinked in the genesis of atherosclerotic and carcinogenic consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Varsha Suryan
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, Shree Guru Gobind Singh Tricentenary University, Budhera, Gurugram (Delhi-NCR), Haryana, 122505, India
- Department of Paramedical Science, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Shree Guru Gobind Singh Tricentenary University, Budhera, Gurugram (Delhi-NCR), Haryana, 122505, India
| | - Nimai Chand Chandra
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, Shree Guru Gobind Singh Tricentenary University, Budhera, Gurugram (Delhi-NCR), Haryana, 122505, India.
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15
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Ding Y, Chen QB, Xu H, Adi D, Ding YW, Luo WJ, Zhu WZ, Xu JC, Zhao X, Shi XJ, Luo J, Yin H, Lu XY. siRNA nanoparticle targeting Usp20 lowers lipid levels and ameliorates metabolic syndrome in mice. J Lipid Res 2024; 65:100626. [PMID: 39173829 PMCID: PMC11418111 DOI: 10.1016/j.jlr.2024.100626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 08/07/2024] [Accepted: 08/12/2024] [Indexed: 08/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease is closely correlated with elevated low density lipoprotein-cholesterol. In feeding state, glucose and insulin activate mammalian target of rapamycin 1 that phosphorylates the deubiquitylase ubiquitin-specific peptidase 20 (USP20). USP20 then stabilizes HMG-CoA reductase, thereby increasing lipid biosynthesis. In this study, we applied clinically approved lipid nanoparticles to encapsulate the siRNA targeting Usp20. We demonstrated that silencing of hepatic Usp20 by siRNA decreased body weight, improved insulin sensitivity, and increased energy expenditure through elevating UCP1. In Ldlr-/- mice, silencing Usp20 by siRNA decreased lipid levels and prevented atherosclerosis. This study suggests that the RNAi-based therapy targeting hepatic Usp20 has a translational potential to treat metabolic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Ding
- College of Life Sciences, Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, Taikang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, Taikang Medical School, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Qiu-Bing Chen
- Department of Urology, Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism Medical Research Institute, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Hui Xu
- College of Life Sciences, Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, Taikang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, Taikang Medical School, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Dilare Adi
- Heart Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Yi-Wen Ding
- College of Life Sciences, Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, Taikang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, Taikang Medical School, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Wen-Jun Luo
- College of Life Sciences, Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, Taikang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, Taikang Medical School, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Wen-Zhuo Zhu
- College of Life Sciences, Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, Taikang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, Taikang Medical School, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jia-Chen Xu
- College of Life Sciences, Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, Taikang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, Taikang Medical School, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaolu Zhao
- College of Life Sciences, Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, Taikang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, Taikang Medical School, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiong-Jie Shi
- College of Life Sciences, Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, Taikang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, Taikang Medical School, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jie Luo
- College of Life Sciences, Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, Taikang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, Taikang Medical School, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Hao Yin
- College of Life Sciences, Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, Taikang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, Taikang Medical School, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China; Department of Urology, Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism Medical Research Institute, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiao-Yi Lu
- College of Life Sciences, Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, Taikang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, Taikang Medical School, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
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16
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Arcay R, Barceló-Nicolau M, Suárez L, Martín L, Reigada R, Höring M, Liebisch G, Garrido C, Cabot G, Vílchez H, Cortés-Lara S, González de Herrero E, López-Causapé C, Oliver A, Barceló-Coblijn G, Mena A. Gut microbiome and plasma lipidome analysis reveals a specific impact of Clostridioides difficile infection on intestinal bacterial communities and sterol metabolism. mBio 2024:e0134724. [PMID: 39189787 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.01347-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2024] [Accepted: 07/15/2024] [Indexed: 08/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) causes alterations in the intestinal microbiota, frequently associated with changes in the gut metabolism of bile acids and cholesterol. In addition to the impact on microbiome composition and given the metabolic changes occurring during CDI, our work focuses on the importance to know the effects at the local and systemic levels, both during the infection and its treatment, by paying particular attention to plasma lipid metabolism due to its relationship with CDI pathogenesis. Specific changes, characterized by a loss of microbial richness and diversity and related to a reduction in short-chain acid-producing bacteria and an increase in bile salt hydrolase-producing bacteria, were observed in the gut microbiota of CDI patients, especially in those suffering from recurrent CDI (RCDI). However, gut microbiota showed its ability to restore itself after treatment, resembling healthy individuals, in those patients treated by fecal microbiome transfer (FMT), in contrast with those treated with antibiotics, and displaying increased levels of Eubacterium coprostanoligenes, a cholesterol-reducing anaerobe. Interestingly, changes in plasma lipidome revealed a global depletion in circulating lipids in CDI, with the largest impact on cholesteryl esters. CDI patients also showed a specific and consistent decrease in the levels of lipid species containing linoleic acid-an essential fatty acid-which were only partially recovered after antibiotic treatment. Analysis of the plasma lipidome reflects CDI impact on the gut microbiota and its metabolism, evidencing changes in sterol and fatty acid metabolism that are possibly related to specific alterations observed in gut microbial communities of CDI patients. IMPORTANCE There is increasing evidence about the influence the changes in microbiota and its metabolism has on numerous diseases and infections such as Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI). The knowledge of these changes at local and systemic levels can help us manage this infection to avoid recurrences and apply the best therapies, such as fecal microbiota transfer (FMT). This study shows a better restoration of the gut in FMT-treated patients than in antibiotic-treated patients, resembling healthy controls and showing increased levels of cholesterol-reducing bacteria. Furthermore, it evidences the CDI impact on plasma lipidome. We observed in CDI patients a global depletion in circulating lipids, particularly cholesteryl esters, and a specific decrease in linoleic acid-containing lipids, an essential fatty acid. Our observations could impact CDI management because the lipid content was only partially recovered after treatment, suggesting that continued nutritional support, aiming to restore healthy lipid levels, could be essential for a full recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Arcay
- Microbiology Department, Hospital Universitari Son Espases, Palma, Balearic Islands, Spain
- Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Illes Balears (IdISBa, Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands), Palma, Balearic Islands, Spain
| | - Maria Barceló-Nicolau
- Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Illes Balears (IdISBa, Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands), Palma, Balearic Islands, Spain
- Research Unit, University Hospital Son Espases, Palma, Balearic Islands, Spain
| | - Loreto Suárez
- Microbiology Department, Hospital Universitari Son Espases, Palma, Balearic Islands, Spain
- Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Illes Balears (IdISBa, Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands), Palma, Balearic Islands, Spain
| | - Luisa Martín
- Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Illes Balears (IdISBa, Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands), Palma, Balearic Islands, Spain
- Internal Medicine Department, Hospital Universitari Son Espases, Palma, Balearic Islands, Spain
| | - Rebeca Reigada
- Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Illes Balears (IdISBa, Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands), Palma, Balearic Islands, Spain
- Research Unit, University Hospital Son Espases, Palma, Balearic Islands, Spain
| | - Marcus Höring
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Bavaria, Germany
| | - Gerhard Liebisch
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Bavaria, Germany
| | - Carmen Garrido
- Gastroenterology Department, Hospital Universitari Son Espases, Palma, Balearic Islands, Spain
| | - Gabriel Cabot
- Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Illes Balears (IdISBa, Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands), Palma, Balearic Islands, Spain
- Research Unit, University Hospital Son Espases, Palma, Balearic Islands, Spain
| | - Helem Vílchez
- Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Illes Balears (IdISBa, Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands), Palma, Balearic Islands, Spain
- Internal Medicine Department, Hospital Universitari Son Espases, Palma, Balearic Islands, Spain
| | - Sara Cortés-Lara
- Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Illes Balears (IdISBa, Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands), Palma, Balearic Islands, Spain
- Research Unit, University Hospital Son Espases, Palma, Balearic Islands, Spain
| | - Elisa González de Herrero
- Microbiology Department, Hospital Universitari Son Espases, Palma, Balearic Islands, Spain
- Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Illes Balears (IdISBa, Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands), Palma, Balearic Islands, Spain
| | - Carla López-Causapé
- Microbiology Department, Hospital Universitari Son Espases, Palma, Balearic Islands, Spain
- Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Illes Balears (IdISBa, Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands), Palma, Balearic Islands, Spain
- Research Unit, University Hospital Son Espases, Palma, Balearic Islands, Spain
| | - Antonio Oliver
- Microbiology Department, Hospital Universitari Son Espases, Palma, Balearic Islands, Spain
- Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Illes Balears (IdISBa, Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands), Palma, Balearic Islands, Spain
- Research Unit, University Hospital Son Espases, Palma, Balearic Islands, Spain
| | - Gwendolyn Barceló-Coblijn
- Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Illes Balears (IdISBa, Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands), Palma, Balearic Islands, Spain
- Research Unit, University Hospital Son Espases, Palma, Balearic Islands, Spain
| | - Ana Mena
- Microbiology Department, Hospital Universitari Son Espases, Palma, Balearic Islands, Spain
- Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Illes Balears (IdISBa, Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands), Palma, Balearic Islands, Spain
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17
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Zhang L, Wang X, Chen XW. The biogenesis and transport of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2024:S1043-2760(24)00196-6. [PMID: 39164120 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2024.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2024] [Revised: 07/16/2024] [Accepted: 07/19/2024] [Indexed: 08/22/2024]
Abstract
Triglyceride-rich lipoproteins (TRLs) play essential roles in human health and disease by transporting bulk lipids into the circulation. This review summarizes the fundamental mechanisms and diverse factors governing lipoprotein production, secretion, and regulation. Emphasizing the broader implications for human health, we outline the intricate landscape of lipoprotein research and highlight the potential coordination between the biogenesis and transport of TRLs in physiology, particularly the unexpected coupling of metabolic enzymes and transport machineries. Challenges and opportunities in lipoprotein biology with respect to inherited diseases and viral infections are also discussed. Further characterization of the biogenesis and transport of TRLs will advance both basic research in lipid biology and translational medicine for metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linqi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Peking University, Beijing 100871, PR China; Institute of Molecular Medicine, College of Future Technology, Peking University, Beijing 100871, PR China
| | - Xiao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Peking University, Beijing 100871, PR China; Institute of Molecular Medicine, College of Future Technology, Peking University, Beijing 100871, PR China.
| | - Xiao-Wei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Peking University, Beijing 100871, PR China; Institute of Molecular Medicine, College of Future Technology, Peking University, Beijing 100871, PR China; Peking University (PKU)-Tsinghua University (THU) Joint Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, PR China.
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18
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Jiang C, Tan X, Liu N, Yan P, Hou T, Wei W. Nutrient Sensing of mTORC1 signaling in cancer and aging. Semin Cancer Biol 2024; 106-107:S1044-579X(24)00059-2. [PMID: 39153724 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2024.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2024] [Revised: 08/08/2024] [Accepted: 08/09/2024] [Indexed: 08/19/2024]
Abstract
The mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) is indispensable for preserving cellular and organismal homeostasis by balancing the anabolic and catabolic processes in response to various environmental cues, such as nutrients, growth factors, energy status, oxygen levels, and stress. Dysregulation of mTORC1 signaling is associated with the progression of many types of human disorders including cancer, age-related diseases, neurodegenerative disorders, and metabolic diseases. The way mTORC1 senses various upstream signals and converts them into specific downstream responses remains a crucial question with significant impacts for our perception of the related physiological and pathological process. In this review, we discuss the recent molecular and functional insights into the nutrient sensing of the mTORC1 signaling pathway, along with the emerging role of deregulating nutrient-mTORC1 signaling in cancer and age-related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong Jiang
- Tongji University Cancer Center, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China.
| | - Xiao Tan
- Tongji University Cancer Center, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Ning Liu
- International Research Center for Food and Health, College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, 201306 Shanghai, China
| | - Peiqiang Yan
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Tao Hou
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Wenyi Wei
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
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19
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Lee KJ, Lee YM, Yang SB, Lee JH, Kim HR, Lim JH, Park J. A novel chemically engineered multifunctional statin conjugate as self-assembled nanoparticles inhibiting bile acid transporters. J Control Release 2024; 372:885-900. [PMID: 38971425 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2024.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2024] [Revised: 07/01/2024] [Accepted: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/08/2024]
Abstract
Statins are widely used to treat hyperlipidemia; however, their mechanism-inhibiting cholesterol production without promoting its utilization-causes problems, such as inducing diabetes. In our research, we develop, for the first time, a chemically engineered statin conjugate that not only inhibits cholesterol production but also enhances its consumption through its multifunctional properties. The novel rosuvastatin (RO) and ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) conjugate (ROUA) is designed to bind to and inhibit the core of the apical sodium-dependent bile acid transporter (ASBT), effectively blocking ASBT's function in the small intestine, maintaining the effect of rosuvastatin. Consequently, ROUA not only preserves the cholesterol-lowering function of statins but also prevents the reabsorption of bile acids, thereby increasing cholesterol consumption. Additionally, ROUA's ability to self-assemble into nanoparticles in saline-attributable to its multiple hydroxyl groups and hydrophobic nature-suggests its potential for a prolonged presence in the body. The oral administration of ROUA nanoparticles in animal models using a high-fat or high-fat/high-fructose diet shows remarkable therapeutic efficacy in fatty liver, with low systemic toxicity. This innovative self-assembling multifunctional molecule design approach, which boosts a variety of therapeutic effects while minimizing toxicity, offers a significant contribution to the advancement of drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyeong-Ju Lee
- BK21 Program, Department of Applied Life Science, Konkuk University, Chungju 27478, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon-Mi Lee
- Department of Biomedical Chemistry, College of Biomedical & Health Science, Konkuk University, Chungju 27478, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong-Bin Yang
- BK21 Program, Department of Applied Life Science, Konkuk University, Chungju 27478, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun-Hyuck Lee
- BK21 Program, Department of Applied Life Science, Konkuk University, Chungju 27478, Republic of Korea
| | - Ha Rin Kim
- School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, United States
| | - Ji-Hong Lim
- BK21 Program, Department of Applied Life Science, Konkuk University, Chungju 27478, Republic of Korea; Department of Biomedical Chemistry, College of Biomedical & Health Science, Konkuk University, Chungju 27478, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jooho Park
- BK21 Program, Department of Applied Life Science, Konkuk University, Chungju 27478, Republic of Korea; Department of Biomedical Chemistry, College of Biomedical & Health Science, Konkuk University, Chungju 27478, Republic of Korea.
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20
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Tarugi P, Bertolini S, Calandra S, Arca M, Angelico F, Casula M, Cefalù AB, D'Erasmo L, Fortunato G, Perrone-Filardi P, Rubba P, Suppressa P, Averna M, Catapano AL. Consensus document on diagnosis and management of familial hypercholesterolemia from the Italian Society for the Study of Atherosclerosis (SISA). Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2024; 34:1819-1836. [PMID: 38871496 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2024.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
AIMS Familial Hypercholesterolemia (FH) is a genetic disorder of lipoprotein metabolism that causes an increased risk of premature atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). Although early diagnosis and treatment of FH can significantly improve the cardiovascular prognosis, this disorder is underdiagnosed and undertreated. For these reasons the Italian Society for the Study of Atherosclerosis (SISA) assembled a Consensus Panel with the task to provide guidelines for FH diagnosis and treatment. DATA SYNTHESIS Our guidelines include: i) an overview of the genetic complexity of FH and the role of candidate genes involved in LDL metabolism; ii) the prevalence of FH in the population; iii) the clinical criteria adopted for the diagnosis of FH; iv) the screening for ASCVD and the role of cardiovascular imaging techniques; v) the role of molecular diagnosis in establishing the genetic bases of the disorder; vi) the current therapeutic options in both heterozygous and homozygous FH. Treatment strategies and targets are currently based on low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels, as the prognosis of FH largely depends on the magnitude of LDL-C reduction achieved by lipid-lowering therapies. Statins with or without ezetimibe are the mainstay of treatment. Addition of novel medications like PCSK9 inhibitors, ANGPTL3 inhibitors or lomitapide in homozygous FH results in a further reduction of LDL-C levels. LDL apheresis is indicated in FH patients with inadequate response to cholesterol-lowering therapies. CONCLUSION FH is a common, treatable genetic disorder and, although our understanding of this disease has improved, many challenges still remain with regard to its identification and management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrizia Tarugi
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy.
| | | | - Sebastiano Calandra
- Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Marcello Arca
- Department of Translational and Precision Medicine (DTPM), Sapienza University of Rome, Policlinico Umberto I, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Manuela Casula
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences (DisFeB), Epidemiology and Preventive Pharmacology Service (SEFAP), University of Milan, Milan, Italy; IRCCS Multimedica, Sesto San Giovanni (Milan), Italy
| | - Angelo B Cefalù
- Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (PROMISE), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Laura D'Erasmo
- Department of Translational and Precision Medicine (DTPM), Sapienza University of Rome, Policlinico Umberto I, Rome, Italy
| | - Giuliana Fortunato
- Department of Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, University of Naples Federico II and CEINGE Biotecnologie avanzate "Franco Salvatore", Naples, Italy
| | | | - Paolo Rubba
- Department of Internal Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - Patrizia Suppressa
- Department of Internal Medicine and Rare Diseases Centre "C. Frugoni", University of Bari A. Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Maurizio Averna
- Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (PROMISE), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy; Biophysical Institute CNR, Palermo, Italy
| | - Alberico L Catapano
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milan, Milano, Italy; IRCCS Multimedica, Milano, Italy
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21
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Khayatan D, Zare K, Khanahmadi M, Momtaz S, Butler AE, Jamialahmadi T, Almahmeed W, Abdolghaffari AH, Sahebkar A. The role of natural products as PCSK9 modulators: A review. Phytother Res 2024; 38:4081-4098. [PMID: 38899632 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.8260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Revised: 04/25/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
A variety of mechanisms and drugs have been shown to attenuate cardiovascular disease (CVD) onset and/or progression. Recent researchers have identified a potential role of proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) in modulating lipid metabolism and reducing plasma low density lipoprotein (LDL) levels. PCSK9 is the central protein in the metabolism of LDL cholesterol (LDL-C) owing to its major function in LDL receptor (LDLR) degradation. Due to the close correlation of cardiovascular disease with lipid levels, many in vivo and in vitro investigations are currently underway studying the physiological role of PCSK9. Furthermore, many studies are actively investigating the mechanisms of various compounds that influence lipid associated-disorders and their associated cardiovascular diseases. PCSK9 inhibitors have been shown to have significant impact in the prevention of emerging cardiovascular diseases. Natural products can effectively be used as PCSK9 inhibitors to control lipid levels through various mechanisms. In this review, we evaluate the role of phytochemicals and natural products in the regulation of PCSK9, and their ability to prevent cardiovascular diseases. Moreover, we describe their mechanisms of action, which have not to date been delineated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danial Khayatan
- Department of Toxicology & Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
- GI Pharmacology Interest Group (GPIG), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Kimia Zare
- School of Medicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences and Health Services, Yazd, Iran
| | - Maryam Khanahmadi
- Department of Toxicology & Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
- GI Pharmacology Interest Group (GPIG), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Saeideh Momtaz
- Medicinal Plants Research Center, Institute of Medicinal Plants, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, and Toxicology and Diseases Group, Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center (PSRC), The Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (TIPS), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Tannaz Jamialahmadi
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Medical Toxicology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Wael Almahmeed
- Heart and Vascular Institute, Cleveland Clinic Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Amir Hossein Abdolghaffari
- Department of Toxicology & Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
- GI Pharmacology Interest Group (GPIG), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Center for Global Health Research, Saveetha Medical College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, India
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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22
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Shah R, Kong A, De Melo S, Boktor M, Henriquez R, Mandalia A, Samant H, Alvarez CA, Mansi IA. Association of statins with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in patients with diabetes. J Investig Med 2024; 72:497-510. [PMID: 38594224 DOI: 10.1177/10815589241248076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common cause of chronic liver disease in patients with diabetes; limited data suggested that statins may reduce the risk of NAFLD progression. This study aimed to examine the association between statins and the development or progression of NAFLD in veterans with diabetes. In a new-user negative control design, we conducted a retrospective propensity score (PS)-matched cohort study of patients with diabetes between 2003 and 2015. After excluding patients with other causes of liver disease, we formed PS using 85 characteristics. The primary outcome was a composite NAFLD progression outcome. Primary analysis examined odds of outcome in PS-matched cohort. Post-hoc analysis included a PS-matched cohort of statin users with intensive lowering of low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) vs low-intensity lowering. We matched 34,102 pairs from 300,739 statin users and 38,038 non-users. The composite outcome occurred in 8.8% of statin users and 8.6% of non-users (odds ratio (OR) 1.02, 95% confidence interval (95% CI) 0.97-1.08). In the post-hoc analysis, intensive lowering of LDL-C compared to low-intensity showed increased NAFLD progression (OR 1.21, 95% CI 1.13-1.30). This study showed that statin use in patients with diabetes was not associated with decreased or increased risk of NAFLD progression. Intensive LDL-C lowering, compared to low-intensity LDL-C lowering, was associated with an increased risk of NAFLD progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raj Shah
- Education Services, Orlando VA Healthcare System, Orlando, FL, USA
- University of Central Florida/HCA Florida Healthcare, Greater Orlando, FL, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Central Florida College of Medicine, Orlando, FL, USA
| | - Alexander Kong
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Central Florida College of Medicine, Orlando, FL, USA
| | - Silvio De Melo
- Section of Gastroenterology, Orlando VA Healthcare System, Orlando, FL, USA
| | - Moheb Boktor
- Digestive and Liver Diseases Division. University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| | - Richard Henriquez
- Education Services, Orlando VA Healthcare System, Orlando, FL, USA
- University of Central Florida/HCA Florida Healthcare, Greater Orlando, FL, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Central Florida College of Medicine, Orlando, FL, USA
| | - Amar Mandalia
- Section of Gastroenterology, Orlando VA Healthcare System, Orlando, FL, USA
| | - Hrishikesh Samant
- Department of Hepatology, Ochsner Medical Clinic, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Carlos A Alvarez
- Department of Pharmacy Practice and Center of Excellence in Real-world Evidence, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Ishak A Mansi
- Education Services, Orlando VA Healthcare System, Orlando, FL, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Central Florida College of Medicine, Orlando, FL, USA
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23
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Liepinsh E, Zvejniece L, Clemensson L, Ozola M, Vavers E, Cirule H, Korzh S, Skuja S, Groma V, Briviba M, Grinberga S, Liu W, Olszewski P, Gentreau M, Fredriksson R, Dambrova M, Schiöth HB. Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA reductase activity is essential for mitochondrial β-oxidation of fatty acids to prevent lethal accumulation of long-chain acylcarnitines in the mouse liver. Br J Pharmacol 2024; 181:2750-2773. [PMID: 38641905 DOI: 10.1111/bph.16363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 04/21/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Statins are competitive inhibitors of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase (HMGCR), and exert adverse effects on mitochondrial function, although the mechanisms underlying these effects remain unclear. We used a tamoxifen-induced Hmgcr-knockout (KO) mouse model, a multi-omics approach and mitochondrial function assessments to investigate whether decreased HMGCR activity impacts key liver energy metabolism pathways. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH We established a new mouse strain using the Cre/loxP system, which enabled whole-body deletion of Hmgcr expression. These mice were crossed with Rosa26Cre mice and treated with tamoxifen to delete Hmgcr in all cells. We performed transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses and thus evaluated time-dependent changes in metabolic functions to identify the pathways leading to cell death in Hmgcr-KO mice. KEY RESULTS Lack of Hmgcr expression resulted in lethality, due to acute liver damage caused by rapid disruption of mitochondrial fatty acid β-oxidation and very high accumulation of long-chain (LC) acylcarnitines in both male and female mice. Gene expression and KO-related phenotype changes were not observed in other tissues. The progression to liver failure was driven by diminished peroxisome formation, which resulted in impaired mitochondrial and peroxisomal fatty acid metabolism, enhanced glucose utilization and whole-body hypoglycaemia. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS Our findings suggest that HMGCR is crucial for maintaining energy metabolism balance, and its activity is necessary for functional mitochondrial β-oxidation. Moreover, statin-induced adverse reactions might be rescued by the prevention of LC acylcarnitine accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edgars Liepinsh
- Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, Riga, Latvia
- Riga Stradins University, Riga, Latvia
| | | | | | - Melita Ozola
- Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, Riga, Latvia
- Riga Stradins University, Riga, Latvia
| | - Edijs Vavers
- Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, Riga, Latvia
| | - Helena Cirule
- Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, Riga, Latvia
| | | | | | | | - Monta Briviba
- Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Centre, Riga, Latvia
| | | | - Wen Liu
- Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | | | | | | | - Maija Dambrova
- Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, Riga, Latvia
- Riga Stradins University, Riga, Latvia
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24
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Chen T, Liu N. How safe are proprotein convertase subtilisinekexin type 9 inhibitors in diabetes? Curr Opin Lipidol 2024; 35:187-194. [PMID: 38527426 DOI: 10.1097/mol.0000000000000934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/27/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW To examine the safety of proprotein convertase subtilisinekexin type 9 (PCSK9) inhibitors in patients with diabetes, specifically focusing on their impact on glucose metabolism. RECENT FINDINGS Patients with diabetes often require intensified lipid-lowering therapy. PCSK9 inhibitors can reduce low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) concentrations by approximately 60%, and significantly reduce cardiovascular risk when added to statin therapy. Some studies have suggested an association between low LDL-C levels and an increased risk of new-onset diabetes, and genetics has almost consistently shown an increased glucose concentration and risk of diabetes. Most clinical trials have not demonstrated a deterioration in glycaemic control in patients with diabetes after the use of PCSK9 inhibitors, and they do not lead to other significant treatment-emergent adverse events. SUMMARY Although the majority of patients with diabetes are undergoing background statin therapy, which may mask potential adverse effects of PCSK9 inhibitors on glycaemic control, current data suggest that the benefits outweigh the risks for diabetic patients using PCSK9 inhibitors. Considering the different nature of genetic studies and of clinical trials, close monitoring of glucose parameters is necessary, especially in individuals with prediabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
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25
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Cheshire MD, Akbar UA. Akira Endo: Father of Statins. Cureus 2024; 16:e68198. [PMID: 39347268 PMCID: PMC11439472 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.68198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/30/2024] [Indexed: 10/01/2024] Open
Abstract
There was an unprecedented increase in cardiovascular mortality during the 20th century, which ultimately led to a deeper understanding of cholesterol and its role in cardiovascular disease. Akira Endo is a medical innovator who sought to change the tide of this epidemic. He is often referred to as the "Father of Statins" because of his identification of the first 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) inhibitor, which fostered a new era in cholesterol treatment. The offspring of this discovery - statin medications - changed the landscape of cardiovascular prevention and improved outcomes for millions of patients across the globe. Arika Endo used his prior research experience in biochemistry and fungi to create a new way to meet the objective of reducing cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. In this way, he should be recognized not only for this discovery of statins but as a role model for researchers at any stage of their careers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael D Cheshire
- Internal Medicine/Clinical Lipidology, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Parkersburg, USA
| | - Usman A Akbar
- Internal Medicine, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Parkersburg, USA
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26
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Taqiuddin R, Gupta H, Sufian Z, Kamaluddin K, El Rashid Mohamed YA, Khan A, Orfali HA, Lohana N, Ibrahim Mohamed MM, Mateen MA. Cardiovascular risk evaluation using lipid profile and blood pressure among obese and non-obese individuals in India. Bioinformation 2024; 20:723-727. [PMID: 39309567 PMCID: PMC11414334 DOI: 10.6026/973206300200723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2024] [Revised: 07/31/2024] [Accepted: 07/31/2024] [Indexed: 09/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are a group of disorders that affect the heart and blood vessels. Identifying high-risk individuals is a primary goal of cardiovascular disease prevention. The aim is to examine risk factor on assessing lipid profiles and blood pressure, both in obese and non-obese individuals. This study took place over a year at a Tertiary Care Hospital, were investigated the lipid profile and blood pressure of obese and non-obese participants aged 30-60 years. The obese group had an average age of 43.2±6.3 years compared to 45.1±5.8 years in the non-obese group, indicating a slightly older population in the obese group. The non-obese group had an average total cholesterol level of 193.7 mg/dL, with a total cholesterol (TC) level of 209.3 mg/dL. When it came to LDL cholesterol, the obese group had a higher level of 137.4 mg/dL compared to the non-obese group with 121.3 mg/dL. Conversely, HDL cholesterol levels were lower in the obese group at 44.1 mg/dL than in the non-obese group at 49.1 mg/dL. Obesity is associated with lipid metabolism and hypertension disturbances, especially with effect on HDL-C reduction and TC, TG, LDL cholesterol to high level. Thus, lipid profile and blood pressure among obese and non-obese individuals help in cardiovascular risk evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafae Taqiuddin
- Shadan Institute of Medical Sciences, Teaching Hospital and Research Centre, Hyderabad, India
| | - Hemaakshi Gupta
- American University of the Carribean, Jordan Dr, Cupecoy, Sint Maarten
| | - Zoha Sufian
- Dr.VRK Womens Medical College, Hyderabad, India
| | | | | | - Ariyan Khan
- Deccan College of Medical Sciences, Hyderabad, India
| | | | - Nimerta Lohana
- Liaquat University of Medical and Health Sciences, Jamshoro, Sindh, Pakistan
| | | | - Mohammed Abdul Mateen
- Shadan Institute of Medical Sciences Teaching Hospital and Research Centre, Hyderabad, India
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27
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Abdirashid M, Barbero U, Cavallino C, Maltese L, Bacci E, Reale D, Marengo G, De Benedictis M, Rametta F, Ugo F. Coronary Artery Calcium and Aging: Physiological Basis, Assessment, and Treatment Options in Percutaneous Coronary Intervention. J Cardiovasc Dev Dis 2024; 11:224. [PMID: 39057644 PMCID: PMC11277957 DOI: 10.3390/jcdd11070224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2024] [Revised: 06/26/2024] [Accepted: 06/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Coronary artery calcification is a complex anatomical and histological pathology with different pathways that contribute to calcium deposit and calcification progression. As part of the atherosclerotic process, extensive calcifications are becoming more common and are associated with poorer PCI outcomes if not properly addressed. Since no drug has shown to be effective in changing this process once it is started, proper knowledge of the underlying pathogenesis and how to diagnose and manage it is essential in contemporary coronary intervention. Atherosclerosis is a pandemic disease, quickly spreading across the world and not limited anymore to the industrialized Western world. In this paper, we review the role of intracoronary imaging and the main technologies available and propose a simple and rational algorithm for the choice of a preferential first strategy in the treatment of severely calcified coronary atherosclerosis, followed by three emblematic cases on how we successively applied it.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Umberto Barbero
- Santissima Annunziata Hospital, 12038 Savigliano, Italy; (U.B.)
| | | | | | | | | | - Giorgio Marengo
- Santissima Annunziata Hospital, 12038 Savigliano, Italy; (U.B.)
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28
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Gao W, Guo X, Sun L, Gai J, Cao Y, Zhang S. PKMYT1 knockdown inhibits cholesterol biosynthesis and promotes the drug sensitivity of triple-negative breast cancer cells to atorvastatin. PeerJ 2024; 12:e17749. [PMID: 39011373 PMCID: PMC11249011 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.17749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) as the most aggressive molecular subtype of breast cancer is characterized by high cancer cell proliferation and poor patient prognosis. Abnormal lipid metabolism contributes to the malignant process of cancers. Study observed significantly enhanced cholesterol biosynthesis in TNBC. However, the mechanisms underlying the abnormal increase of cholesterol biosynthesis in TNBC are still unclear. Hence, we identified a member of the serine/threonine protein kinase family PKMYT1 as a key driver of cholesterol synthesis in TNBC cells. Aberrantly high-expressed PKMYT1 in TNBC was indicative of unfavorable prognostic outcomes. In addition, PKMYT1 promoted sterol regulatory element-binding protein 2 (SREBP2)-mediated expression of enzymes related to cholesterol biosynthesis through activating the TNF/ TNF receptor-associated factor 1 (TRAF1)/AKT pathway. Notably, downregulation of PKMYT1 significantly inhibited the feedback upregulation of statin-mediated cholesterol biosynthesis, whereas knockdown of PKMYT1 promoted the drug sensitivity of atorvastatin in TNBC cells. Overall, our study revealed a novel function of PKMYT1 in TNBC cholesterol biosynthesis, providing a new target for targeting tumor metabolic reprogramming in the cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Gao
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Xin Guo
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Linlin Sun
- Day Surgery Center, Dalian Municipal Central Hospital, Dalian, China
| | - Jinwei Gai
- Day Surgery Center, Dalian Municipal Central Hospital, Dalian, China
| | - Yinan Cao
- Graduate School of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Shuqun Zhang
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
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Hassen H, Škvorová P, Pokhrel K, Kulma M, Piątkowska E, Kostogrys RB, Kouřimská L, Tarko T, Franczyk-Żarów M. Effect of Diets with the Addition of Edible Insects on the Development of Atherosclerotic Lesions in ApoE/LDLR -/- Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:7256. [PMID: 39000363 PMCID: PMC11242574 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25137256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2024] [Revised: 06/22/2024] [Accepted: 06/29/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Foods enriched with insects can potentially prevent several health disorders, including cardiovascular diseases, by reducing inflammation and improving antioxidant status. In this study, Tenebrio molitor and Gryllus assimilis were selected to determine the effect on the development of atherosclerosis in ApoE/LDLR-/- mice. Animals were fed AIN-93G-based diets (control) with 10% Tenebrio molitor (TM) and 10% Gryllus assimilis (GA) for 8 weeks. The nutritional value as well as antioxidant activity of selected insects were determined. The lipid profile, liver enzyme activity, and the fatty acid composition of liver and adipose tissue of model mice were evaluated. Quantitative analysis of atherosclerotic lesions in the entire aorta was performed using the en face method, and for aortic roots, the cross-section method was used. The antioxidant status of the GA cricket was significantly higher compared to the TM larvae. The results showed that the area of atherosclerosis (en face method) was not significantly different between groups. Dietary GA reduced plaque formation in the aortic root; additionally, significant differences were observed in sections at 200 and 300 µm compared to other groups. Furthermore, liver enzyme ALT activity was lower in insect-fed groups compared to the control group. The finding suggests that a diet containing edible insect GA potentially prevents atherosclerotic plaque development in the aortic root, due to its high antioxidant activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayat Hassen
- Department of Human Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Food Technology, University of Agriculture in Krakow, A. Mickiewicz Av. 21, 31-120 Kraków, Poland; (H.H.); (E.P.); (R.B.K.)
- Department of Human Nutrition, Faculty of Chemical and Food Engineering, Bahir Dar Institute of Technology, Bahir Dar P.O. Box 26, Ethiopia
| | - Petra Škvorová
- Department of Microbiology, Nutrition and Dietetics, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, 165 00 Praha-Suchdol, Czech Republic; (P.Š.); (K.P.); (L.K.)
| | - Kshitiz Pokhrel
- Department of Microbiology, Nutrition and Dietetics, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, 165 00 Praha-Suchdol, Czech Republic; (P.Š.); (K.P.); (L.K.)
| | - Martin Kulma
- Department of Zoology and Fisheries, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, 165 00 Praha-Suchdol, Czech Republic;
| | - Ewa Piątkowska
- Department of Human Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Food Technology, University of Agriculture in Krakow, A. Mickiewicz Av. 21, 31-120 Kraków, Poland; (H.H.); (E.P.); (R.B.K.)
| | - Renata B. Kostogrys
- Department of Human Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Food Technology, University of Agriculture in Krakow, A. Mickiewicz Av. 21, 31-120 Kraków, Poland; (H.H.); (E.P.); (R.B.K.)
| | - Lenka Kouřimská
- Department of Microbiology, Nutrition and Dietetics, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, 165 00 Praha-Suchdol, Czech Republic; (P.Š.); (K.P.); (L.K.)
| | - Tomasz Tarko
- Department of Fermentation Technology and Microbiology, Faculty of Food Technology, University of Agriculture in Krakow, A. Mickiewicz Av. 21, 31-120 Kraków, Poland
| | - Magdalena Franczyk-Żarów
- Department of Human Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Food Technology, University of Agriculture in Krakow, A. Mickiewicz Av. 21, 31-120 Kraków, Poland; (H.H.); (E.P.); (R.B.K.)
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30
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Li X, Morel JD, Sulc J, De Masi A, Lalou A, Benegiamo G, Poisson J, Liu Y, Von Alvensleben GVG, Gao AW, Bou Sleiman M, Auwerx J. Systems genetics of metabolic health in the BXD mouse genetic reference population. Cell Syst 2024; 15:497-509.e3. [PMID: 38866010 DOI: 10.1016/j.cels.2024.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
Susceptibility to metabolic syndrome (MetS) is dependent on genetics, environment, and gene-by-environment interactions, rendering the study of underlying mechanisms challenging. The majority of experiments in model organisms do not incorporate genetic variation and lack specific evaluation criteria for MetS. Here, we derived a continuous metric, the metabolic health score (MHS), based on standard clinical parameters and defined its molecular signatures in the liver and circulation. In human UK Biobank, the MHS associated with MetS status and was predictive of future disease incidence, even in individuals without MetS. Using quantitative trait locus analyses in mice, we found two MHS-associated genetic loci and replicated them in unrelated mouse populations. Through a prioritization scheme in mice and human genetic data, we identified TNKS and MCPH1 as candidates mediating differences in the MHS. Our findings provide insights into the molecular mechanisms sustaining metabolic health across species and uncover likely regulators. A record of this paper's transparent peer review process is included in the supplemental information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxu Li
- Laboratory of Integrative Systems Physiology, Institute of Bioengineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Jean-David Morel
- Laboratory of Integrative Systems Physiology, Institute of Bioengineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Jonathan Sulc
- Laboratory of Integrative Systems Physiology, Institute of Bioengineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Alessia De Masi
- Laboratory of Integrative Systems Physiology, Institute of Bioengineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Amélia Lalou
- Laboratory of Integrative Systems Physiology, Institute of Bioengineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Giorgia Benegiamo
- Laboratory of Integrative Systems Physiology, Institute of Bioengineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Johanne Poisson
- Laboratory of Integrative Systems Physiology, Institute of Bioengineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Yasmine Liu
- Laboratory of Integrative Systems Physiology, Institute of Bioengineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Giacomo V G Von Alvensleben
- Laboratory of Integrative Systems Physiology, Institute of Bioengineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Arwen W Gao
- Laboratory of Integrative Systems Physiology, Institute of Bioengineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Maroun Bou Sleiman
- Laboratory of Integrative Systems Physiology, Institute of Bioengineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Johan Auwerx
- Laboratory of Integrative Systems Physiology, Institute of Bioengineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.
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Yoon YS, Chung KS, Lee SY, Heo SW, Kim YR, Lee JK, Kim H, Park S, Shin YK, Lee KT. Anti-obesity effects of a standardized ethanol extract of Eisenia bicyclis by regulating the AMPK signaling pathway in 3T3-L1 cells and HFD-induced mice. Food Funct 2024; 15:6424-6437. [PMID: 38771619 DOI: 10.1039/d4fo00759j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
Obesity requires treatment to mitigate the potential development of further metabolic disorders, including diabetes, hyperlipidemia, tumor growth, and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. We investigated the anti-obesity effect of a 30% ethanol extract of Eisenia bicyclis (Kjellman) Setchell (EEB) on 3T3-L1 preadipocytes and high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obese C57BL/6 mice. Adipogenesis transcription factors including peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)γ, CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein-alpha (C/EBPα), and sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1 (SREBP-1) were ameliorated through the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) pathway by EEB treatment in differentiated 3T3-L1 cells. EEB attenuated mitotic clonal expansion by upregulating cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors (CDKIs) while downregulating cyclins and CDKs. In HFD-fed mice, EEB significantly decreased the total body weight, fat tissue weight, and fat in the tissue. The protein expression of PPARγ, C/EBPα, and SREBP-1 was increased in the subcutaneous fat and liver tissues, while EEB decreased the expression levels of these transcription factors. EEB also inhibited lipogenesis by downregulating acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) and fatty acid synthase (FAS) expression in the subcutaneous fat and liver tissues. Moreover, the phosphorylation of AMPK and ACC was downregulated in the HFD-induced mouse group, whereas the administration of EEB improved AMPK and ACC phosphorylation; thus, EEB treatment may be related to the AMPK pathway. Histological analysis showed that EEB reduced the adipocyte size and fat accumulation in subcutaneous fat and liver tissues, respectively. EEB promotes thermogenesis in brown adipose tissue and improves insulin and leptin levels and blood lipid profiles. Our results suggest that EEB could be used as a potential agent to prevent obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Seo Yoon
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Sook Chung
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea.
| | - Su-Yeon Lee
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea.
| | - So-Won Heo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Ye-Rin Kim
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Fundamental Pharmaceutical Science, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Kil Lee
- Department of Fundamental Pharmaceutical Science, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, 26 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunjae Kim
- Department of New Material Development, COSMAXBIO, Gyeonggi, 13486, Republic of Korea
| | - Soyoon Park
- Department of New Material Development, COSMAXBIO, Gyeonggi, 13486, Republic of Korea
| | - Yu-Kyong Shin
- Department of New Material Development, COSMAXBIO, Gyeonggi, 13486, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Tae Lee
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
- Department of Fundamental Pharmaceutical Science, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
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32
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Wang X, Zhou X, Zhang X. Effects of Ellagic Acid on Glucose and Lipid Metabolism: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. J Nutr Metab 2024; 2024:5558665. [PMID: 38915316 PMCID: PMC11196188 DOI: 10.1155/2024/5558665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Abnormal glucose and lipid metabolism (GALM) serve as both a cause and an inducer for the development of the disease. Improvement and treatment of GALM are an important stage to prevent the occurrence and development of the disease. However, current clinical treatment for GALM is limited. Ellagic acid (EA), a common polyphenol present in foods, has been shown to improve abnormalities in GALM observed in patients suffering from metabolic diseases. Objective This study used a meta-analysis method to systematically assess the effects of EA on GALM. Method As of November 8, 2023, a comprehensive search was conducted across 5 databases, namely, PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar to identify randomized controlled trials (RCTs) in which EA served as the primary intervention for diseases related to GALM. The risk of bias within the included studies was assessed according to the Cochrane Handbook. All statistical analyzes were performed using RevMan 5.4 software. Results In this study, a total of 482 articles were retrieved, resulting in the inclusion of 10 RCTs in the meta-analysis. The results showed that EA could reduce fasting blood glucose (FBG) (p = 0.008), increase insulin secretion (p = 0.01), improve insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR) (p = 0.003), decrease triglyceride (TG) (p = 0.004), and reduce cholesterol (Chol) (p = 0.04) and low-density lipoprotein (LDL-c) (p = 0.0004). EA had no significant effect on waist circumference (WC), body weight (BW), body mass index (BMI), 2 hours after prandial blood glucose (2 h-PG), total cholesterol (TC), and high-density lipoprotein (HDL-c). Conclusions The effect of improvement in glucose and lipids of EA was closely related to the dose and the intervention time. EA can improve GALM caused by diseases. To corroborate the findings of this study and improve the reliability of the results, EA is imperative to refine the research methodology and increase the sample size in future investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuelian Wang
- Clinical School of Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiaotao Zhou
- Clinical School of Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xinxia Zhang
- Clinical School of Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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33
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Yang B, Hang S, Xu S, Gao Y, Yu W, Zang G, Zhang L, Wang Z. Macrophage polarisation and inflammatory mechanisms in atherosclerosis: Implications for prevention and treatment. Heliyon 2024; 10:e32073. [PMID: 38873669 PMCID: PMC11170185 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e32073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2023] [Revised: 05/11/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease characterised by plaque accumulation in the arteries. Macrophages are immune cells that are crucial in the development of atherosclerosis. Macrophages can adopt different phenotypes, with the M1 phenotype promoting inflammation while the M2 phenotype counteracting it. This review focuses on the factors that drive the polarisation of M1 macrophages towards a pro-inflammatory phenotype during AS. Additionally, we explored metabolic reprogramming mechanisms and cytokines secretion by M1 macrophages. Hyperlipidaemia is widely recognised as a major risk factor for atherosclerosis. Modified lipoproteins released in the presence of hyperlipidaemia can trigger the release of cytokines and recruit circulating monocytes, which adhere to the damaged endothelium and differentiate into macrophages. Macrophages engulf lipids, leading to the formation of foam cells. As atherosclerosis progresses, foam cells become the necrotic core within the atherosclerotic plaques, destabilising them and triggering ischaemic disease. Furthermore, we discuss recent research focusing on targeting macrophages or inflammatory pathways for preventive or therapeutic purposes. These include statins, PCSK9 inhibitors, and promising nanotargeted drugs. These new developments hold the potential for the prevention and treatment of atherosclerosis and its related complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Yang
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212001, China
| | - Sanhua Hang
- Department of Hematology, Affiliated Danyang Hospital of Nantong University, Danyang, 212300, China
| | - Siting Xu
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212001, China
| | - Yun Gao
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212001, China
| | - Wenhua Yu
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212001, China
| | - Guangyao Zang
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212001, China
| | - Lili Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212001, China
| | - Zhongqun Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212001, China
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Wang HY, Nguyen TP, Sternisha AC, Carroll CL, Cross B, Morlock L, Williams NS, McBrayer S, Nijhawan D, De Brabander JK. Discovery and Optimization of N-Arylated Tetracyclic Dicarboximides That Target Primary Glioma Stem-like Cells. J Med Chem 2024; 67:9277-9301. [PMID: 38804887 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.4c00402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
We recently discovered a novel N-aryl tetracyclic dicarboximide MM0299 (1) with robust activity against glioma stem-like cells that potently and selectively inhibits lanosterol synthase leading to the accumulation of the toxic shunt metabolite 24(S),25-epoxycholesterol. Herein, we delineate a systematic and comprehensive SAR study that explores the structural space surrounding the N-aryl tetracyclic dicarboximide scaffold. A series of 100 analogs were synthesized and evaluated for activity against the murine glioma stem-like cell line Mut6 and for metabolic stability in mouse liver S9 fractions. This study led to several analogs with single-digit nanomolar activity in Mut6 glioblastoma cells that were metabolically stable in S9 fractions. In vivo pharmacokinetic analysis of selected analogs identified compound 52a (IC50 = 63 nM; S9 T1/2 > 240 min) which was orally available (39% plasma; 58% brain) and displayed excellent brain exposure. Chronic oral dosing of 52a during a 2-week tolerability study indicated no adverse effect on body weight nor signs of hematologic, liver, or kidney toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua-Yu Wang
- Department of Biochemistry, UT Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, Texas 75390, United States
| | - Thu P Nguyen
- Department of Biochemistry, UT Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, Texas 75390, United States
| | - Alex C Sternisha
- Children's Medical Center Research Institute and Department of Pediatrics, UT Southwestern, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, Texas 75390, United States
| | - Christopher L Carroll
- Department of Biochemistry, UT Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, Texas 75390, United States
| | - Bethany Cross
- Department of Biochemistry, UT Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, Texas 75390, United States
| | - Lorraine Morlock
- Department of Biochemistry, UT Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, Texas 75390, United States
| | - Noelle S Williams
- Department of Biochemistry, UT Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, Texas 75390, United States
| | - Samuel McBrayer
- Children's Medical Center Research Institute and Department of Pediatrics, UT Southwestern, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, Texas 75390, United States
| | - Deepak Nijhawan
- Department of Biochemistry, UT Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, Texas 75390, United States
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology and Program in Molecular Medicine, UT Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, Texas 75390, United States
| | - Jef K De Brabander
- Department of Biochemistry, UT Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, Texas 75390, United States
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Bucci T, Gue Y, Dobson R, Palmieri C, Pignatelli P, Lip GYH. Statin use is associated with a lower risk of all-cause death in patients with breast cancer treated with anthracycline containing regimens: a global federated health database analysis. Clin Exp Med 2024; 24:124. [PMID: 38865021 PMCID: PMC11168976 DOI: 10.1007/s10238-024-01395-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024]
Abstract
Anthracyclines are associated with enhanced oxidative stress responsible for adverse events in patients with breast cancer. However, no study has investigated the potential anti-inflammatory role of statins in counteracting anthracycline toxicity. In this retrospective study utilizing a federated health network (TriNetX), patients with breast cancer (ICD code C50) treated with anthracyclines were categorized into two groups: statin users (for at least 6 months); and statin non-users. The primary outcome was the 5-year risk of all-cause death. Secondary outcomes were the risk of myocardial infarction, stroke, atrial fibrillation, ventricular arrhythmias, heart failure, and pulmonary embolism. Cox-regression analyses were used to produce hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) following 1:1 propensity score matching (PSM). We identified 3,701 statin users (68.8 ± 10.4 years) and 37,185 statin non-users (59.6 ± 12.8 years). After PSM, the 5-year risk of all-cause death was significantly lower in statin users (HR 0.82, 95% CI 0.74-0.91) compared to statins non-users. Analyzing the risk for secondary outcomes, only the risk of stroke was significantly increased in statin users (HR 1.27, 95% CI 1.01-1.61), while no associations were found for the other cardiovascular events. The risk of all-cause death in statin users was the lowest during the first year after the anthracycline's initiation. No significant difference was found between lipophilic and hydrophilic statins. In patients with breast cancer treated with anthracyclines, statin use is associated with a reduced risk of all-cause death. Prospective studies are needed to investigate the potential beneficial effect of statin initiation in cancer patients without other indications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tommaso Bucci
- Liverpool Centre of Cardiovascular Science at University of Liverpool, Liverpool John Moores University and Liverpool Heart and Chest Hospital, Liverpool, UK.
- Department of Clinical Internal, Anesthesiologic and Cardiovascular Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
| | - Ying Gue
- Liverpool Centre of Cardiovascular Science at University of Liverpool, Liverpool John Moores University and Liverpool Heart and Chest Hospital, Liverpool, UK
| | - Rebecca Dobson
- Liverpool Centre of Cardiovascular Science at University of Liverpool, Liverpool John Moores University and Liverpool Heart and Chest Hospital, Liverpool, UK
| | - Carlo Palmieri
- Liverpool Centre of Cardiovascular Science at University of Liverpool, Liverpool John Moores University and Liverpool Heart and Chest Hospital, Liverpool, UK
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
- The Clatterbridge Cancer Centre NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, UK
| | - Pasquale Pignatelli
- Department of Clinical Internal, Anesthesiologic and Cardiovascular Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Gregory Y H Lip
- Liverpool Centre of Cardiovascular Science at University of Liverpool, Liverpool John Moores University and Liverpool Heart and Chest Hospital, Liverpool, UK.
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Danish Center for Health Services Research, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark.
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Sun H. Manganese ions acts as a messenger to regulate serum lipid levels. Metabol Open 2024; 22:100268. [PMID: 39011160 PMCID: PMC11247199 DOI: 10.1016/j.metop.2023.100268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/17/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Honglin Sun
- Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Chao-yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100020, China
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37
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Mhaimeed O, Burney ZA, Schott SL, Kohli P, Marvel FA, Martin SS. The importance of LDL-C lowering in atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease prevention: Lower for longer is better. Am J Prev Cardiol 2024; 18:100649. [PMID: 38576462 PMCID: PMC10992711 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpc.2024.100649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 02/25/2024] [Accepted: 03/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Cumulative exposure to low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) is a key driver of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) risk. An armamentarium of therapies to achieve robust and sustained reduction in LDL-C can reduce ASCVD risk. The gold standard for LDL-C assessment is ultracentrifugation but in routine clinical practice LDL-C is usually calculated and the most accurate calculation is the Martin/Hopkins equation. For primary prevention, consideration of estimated ASCVD risk frames decision making regarding use of statins and other therapies, and tools such as risk enhancing factors and coronary artery calcium enable tailoring of risk assessment and decision making. In patients with diabetes, lipid lowering therapy is recommended in most patients to reduce ASCVD risk with an opportunity to tailor therapy based on other risk factors. Patients with primary hypercholesterolemia and familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) with baseline LDL-C greater than or equal to 190 mg/dL are at elevated risk, and LDL-C lowering with high-intensity statin therapy is often combined with non-statin therapies to prevent ASCVD. Secondary prevention of ASCVD, including in patients with prior myocardial infarction or stroke, requires intensive lipid lowering therapy and lifestyle modification approaches. There is no established LDL-C level below which benefit ceases or safety concerns arise. When further LDL-C lowering is required beyond lifestyle modifications and statin therapy, additional medications include oral ezetimibe and bempedoic acid, or injectables such as PCSK9 monoclonal antibodies or siRNA therapy. A novel agent that acts independently of hepatic LDL receptors is evinacumab, which is approved for patients with homozygous FH. Other emerging agents are targeted at Lp(a) and CETP. In light of the expanding lipid treatment landscape, this manuscript reviews the importance of early, intensive, and sustained LDL-C-lowering for primary and secondary prevention of ASCVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omar Mhaimeed
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Zain A Burney
- Department of Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Stacey L Schott
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Ciccarone Center for the Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease, Division of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Payal Kohli
- Department of Cardiology, University of Colorado Anschutz, Aurora, CO, United States
- Department of Cardiology, Veterans Affairs Hospital, Aurora, CO, United States
- Cherry Creek Heart, Aurora, CO, United States
- Tegna Broadcasting, MD, United States
| | - Francoise A Marvel
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Ciccarone Center for the Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease, Division of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Seth S Martin
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Ciccarone Center for the Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease, Division of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
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38
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Moledina M, Damato EM, Lee V. The changing landscape of thyroid eye disease: current clinical advances and future outlook. Eye (Lond) 2024; 38:1425-1437. [PMID: 38374366 PMCID: PMC11126416 DOI: 10.1038/s41433-024-02967-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2023] [Revised: 01/07/2024] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024] Open
Abstract
AIMS This review aims to provide an overview of the current understanding of TED and its pathophysiology. To describe the evidence base for current consensus treatment recommendations and newer biological therapies available as well as to present future therapeutic research. METHODS We reviewed and assessed the peer-reviewed literature placing particular emphasis on recent studies evaluating the pathophysiology of TED, landmark trials forming the basis of current management and recent clinical trials informing future therapeutics. Searched were made in MEDLINE Ovid, Embase Ovid, US National Institutes of Health Ongoing Trials Register and EU Clinical Trials Register. Keywords included: "Thyroid Eye Disease", "Graves Orbitopathy", "Thyroid Orbitopathy" and "Graves' Ophthalmopathy". RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS The pathophysiology of TED involves a complex array of cellular and humoral based autoimmune dysfunction. Previous therapies have been broad-based acting as a blunt instrument on this mechanism with varying efficacy but often accompanied with a significant side effect profile. The recent development of targeted therapy, spearheaded by Teprotumumab has led to an array of treatments focusing on specific components of the molecular pathway optimising their impact whilst possibly minimising their side effect profile. Future challenges involve identifying the most effective target for each patient rather than any single agent being a panacea. Long-term safety profiles will require clarification as unintended immunological consequence downstream may become manifest as seen in other diseases. Finally, future novel therapeutics will entail significant expenditure and may lead to a divergence of available treatment modalities between healthcare systems due to funding disparities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malik Moledina
- Oculoplastics Service, Western Eye Hospital, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Erika M Damato
- Department of Ophthalmology, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
| | - Vickie Lee
- Oculoplastics Service, Western Eye Hospital, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK.
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Zhou W, Feng W, Chang J, Hu J, Li F, Hu K, Jiao J, Xue X, Lan T, Wan W, Chen ZJ, Cui L. Metabolic profiles of children aged 2-5 years born after frozen and fresh embryo transfer: A Chinese cohort study. PLoS Med 2024; 21:e1004388. [PMID: 38843150 PMCID: PMC11156393 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pmed.1004388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Frozen embryo transfer (FET) has become a widely employed assisted reproductive technology technique. There have historically been concerns regarding the long-term metabolic safety of FET technology in offspring due to pregnancy-induced hypertension and large for gestational age, both of which are well-recognized factors for metabolic dysfunction of children. Therefore, we aimed to compare the metabolic profiles of children born after frozen versus fresh embryo transfer at 2 to 5 years of age. METHODS AND FINDINGS This was a prospective cohort study. Using data from the "Assisted Reproductive Technology borned KIDs (ARTKID)," a birth cohort of offspring born from assisted reproductive technology at the Institute of Women, Children and Reproductive Health, Shandong University, China. We included 4,246 singletons born after FET (n = 2,181) and fresh embryo transfer (n = 2,065) enrolled between 2008 and 2019 and assessed the glucose and lipid variables until the age of 2 to 5 years. During a mean follow-up of 3.6 years, no significant differences were observed in fasting blood glucose, fasting insulin, Homeostatic Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance Index, total cholesterol, triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol, and high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol levels between offspring conceived by fresh and frozen embryo transfer in the crude model and adjusted model (adjusted for parental age, parental body mass index, parental education level, paternal smoking, parity, offspring age and sex). These results remained consistent across subgroup analyses considering offspring age, the stage of embryo transfer, and the mode of fertilization. Results from sensitivity analysis on children matched for age within the cohort remains the same. The main limitation of our study is the young age of the offspring. CONCLUSIONS In this study, the impact of FET on glucose and lipid profiles during early childhood was comparable to fresh embryo transfer. Long-term studies are needed to evaluate the metabolic health of offspring born after FET.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Offspring Health, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Institute of Women, Children and Reproductive Health, the Second Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- National Research Center for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Reproductive Genetics, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Key laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology (Shandong University), Ministry of Education, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Shandong Technology Innovation Center for Reproductive Health, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Reproductive Health, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Research Unit of Gametogenesis and Health of ART-Offspring, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (No.2021RU001), Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Wanbing Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Offspring Health, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Institute of Women, Children and Reproductive Health, the Second Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- National Research Center for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Reproductive Genetics, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Key laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology (Shandong University), Ministry of Education, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Shandong Technology Innovation Center for Reproductive Health, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Reproductive Health, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Research Unit of Gametogenesis and Health of ART-Offspring, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (No.2021RU001), Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Jinli Chang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Offspring Health, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Institute of Women, Children and Reproductive Health, the Second Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- National Research Center for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Reproductive Genetics, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Key laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology (Shandong University), Ministry of Education, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Shandong Technology Innovation Center for Reproductive Health, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Reproductive Health, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Research Unit of Gametogenesis and Health of ART-Offspring, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (No.2021RU001), Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Jingmei Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Offspring Health, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Institute of Women, Children and Reproductive Health, the Second Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- National Research Center for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Reproductive Genetics, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Key laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology (Shandong University), Ministry of Education, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Shandong Technology Innovation Center for Reproductive Health, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Reproductive Health, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Research Unit of Gametogenesis and Health of ART-Offspring, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (No.2021RU001), Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Fuxia Li
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Offspring Health, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Institute of Women, Children and Reproductive Health, the Second Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- National Research Center for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Reproductive Genetics, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Key laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology (Shandong University), Ministry of Education, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Shandong Technology Innovation Center for Reproductive Health, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Reproductive Health, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Research Unit of Gametogenesis and Health of ART-Offspring, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (No.2021RU001), Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Kuona Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Offspring Health, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Institute of Women, Children and Reproductive Health, the Second Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- National Research Center for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Reproductive Genetics, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Key laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology (Shandong University), Ministry of Education, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Shandong Technology Innovation Center for Reproductive Health, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Reproductive Health, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Research Unit of Gametogenesis and Health of ART-Offspring, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (No.2021RU001), Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Jiejing Jiao
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Offspring Health, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Institute of Women, Children and Reproductive Health, the Second Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- National Research Center for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Reproductive Genetics, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Key laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology (Shandong University), Ministry of Education, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Shandong Technology Innovation Center for Reproductive Health, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Reproductive Health, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Research Unit of Gametogenesis and Health of ART-Offspring, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (No.2021RU001), Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Xinyi Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Offspring Health, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Institute of Women, Children and Reproductive Health, the Second Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- National Research Center for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Reproductive Genetics, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Key laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology (Shandong University), Ministry of Education, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Shandong Technology Innovation Center for Reproductive Health, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Reproductive Health, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Research Unit of Gametogenesis and Health of ART-Offspring, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (No.2021RU001), Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Ting Lan
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Offspring Health, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Institute of Women, Children and Reproductive Health, the Second Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- National Research Center for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Reproductive Genetics, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Key laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology (Shandong University), Ministry of Education, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Shandong Technology Innovation Center for Reproductive Health, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Reproductive Health, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Research Unit of Gametogenesis and Health of ART-Offspring, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (No.2021RU001), Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Wenjing Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Offspring Health, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Institute of Women, Children and Reproductive Health, the Second Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- National Research Center for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Reproductive Genetics, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Key laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology (Shandong University), Ministry of Education, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Shandong Technology Innovation Center for Reproductive Health, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Reproductive Health, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Research Unit of Gametogenesis and Health of ART-Offspring, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (No.2021RU001), Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Zi-Jiang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Offspring Health, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Institute of Women, Children and Reproductive Health, the Second Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- National Research Center for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Reproductive Genetics, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Key laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology (Shandong University), Ministry of Education, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Shandong Technology Innovation Center for Reproductive Health, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Reproductive Health, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Research Unit of Gametogenesis and Health of ART-Offspring, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (No.2021RU001), Jinan, Shandong, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Assisted Reproduction and Reproductive Genetics, Shanghai, China
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Linlin Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Offspring Health, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Institute of Women, Children and Reproductive Health, the Second Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- National Research Center for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Reproductive Genetics, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Key laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology (Shandong University), Ministry of Education, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Shandong Technology Innovation Center for Reproductive Health, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Reproductive Health, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Research Unit of Gametogenesis and Health of ART-Offspring, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (No.2021RU001), Jinan, Shandong, China
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Terao R, Lee TJ, Colasanti J, Pfeifer CW, Lin JB, Santeford A, Hase K, Yamaguchi S, Du D, Sohn BS, Sasaki Y, Yoshida M, Apte RS. LXR/CD38 activation drives cholesterol-induced macrophage senescence and neurodegeneration via NAD + depletion. Cell Rep 2024; 43:114102. [PMID: 38636518 PMCID: PMC11223747 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2024.114102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Although dysregulated cholesterol metabolism predisposes aging tissues to inflammation and a plethora of diseases, the underlying molecular mechanism remains poorly defined. Here, we show that metabolic and genotoxic stresses, convergently acting through liver X nuclear receptor, upregulate CD38 to promote lysosomal cholesterol efflux, leading to nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) depletion in macrophages. Cholesterol-mediated NAD+ depletion induces macrophage senescence, promoting key features of age-related macular degeneration (AMD), including subretinal lipid deposition and neurodegeneration. NAD+ augmentation reverses cellular senescence and macrophage dysfunction, preventing the development of AMD phenotype. Genetic and pharmacological senolysis protect against the development of AMD and neurodegeneration. Subretinal administration of healthy macrophages promotes the clearance of senescent macrophages, reversing the AMD disease burden. Thus, NAD+ deficit induced by excess intracellular cholesterol is the converging mechanism of macrophage senescence and a causal process underlying age-related neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryo Terao
- John F. Hardesty, MD Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA; Department of Ophthalmology, Graduate School of Medicine, the University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tae Jun Lee
- John F. Hardesty, MD Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Jason Colasanti
- John F. Hardesty, MD Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Charles W Pfeifer
- John F. Hardesty, MD Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Joseph B Lin
- John F. Hardesty, MD Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Andrea Santeford
- John F. Hardesty, MD Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Keitaro Hase
- John F. Hardesty, MD Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA; Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Shinobu Yamaguchi
- John F. Hardesty, MD Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Daniel Du
- John F. Hardesty, MD Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Brian S Sohn
- John F. Hardesty, MD Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Yo Sasaki
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Mitsukuni Yoshida
- John F. Hardesty, MD Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA; Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.
| | - Rajendra S Apte
- John F. Hardesty, MD Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA; Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA; Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.
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Göbel A, Pählig S, Motz A, Breining D, Traikov S, Hofbauer LC, Rachner TD. Overcoming statin resistance in prostate cancer cells by targeting the 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA-reductase. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2024; 710:149841. [PMID: 38588613 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2024.149841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2024] [Revised: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
Prostate cancer is the most prevalent malignancy in men. While diagnostic and therapeutic interventions have substantially improved in recent years, disease relapse, treatment resistance, and metastasis remain significant contributors to prostate cancer-related mortality. Therefore, novel therapeutic approaches are needed. Statins are inhibitors of the 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase (HMGCR), the rate-limiting enzyme of the mevalonate pathway which plays an essential role in cholesterol homeostasis. Numerous preclinical studies have provided evidence for the pleiotropic antitumor effects of statins. However, results from clinical studies remain controversial and have shown substantial benefits to even no effects on human malignancies including prostate cancer. Potential statin resistance mechanisms of tumor cells may account for such discrepancies. In our study, we treated human prostate cancer cell lines (PC3, C4-2B, DU-145, LNCaP) with simvastatin, atorvastatin, and rosuvastatin. PC3 cells demonstrated high statin sensitivity, resulting in a significant loss of vitality and clonogenic potential (up to - 70%; p < 0.001) along with an activation of caspases (up to 4-fold; p < 0.001). In contrast, C4-2B and DU-145 cells were statin-resistant. Statin treatment induced a restorative feedback in statin-resistant C4-2B and DU-145 cells through upregulation of the HMGCR gene and protein expression (up to 3-folds; p < 0.01) and its transcription factor sterol-regulatory element binding protein 2 (SREBP-2). This feedback was absent in PC3 cells. Blocking the feedback using HMGCR-specific small-interfering (si)RNA, the SREBP-2 activation inhibitor dipyridamole or the HMGCR degrader SR12813 abolished statin resistance in C4-2B and DU-145 and induced significant activation of caspases by statin treatment (up to 10-fold; p < 0.001). Consistently, long-term treatment with sublethal concentrations of simvastatin established a stable statin resistance of a PC3SIM subclone accompanied by a significant upregulation of both baseline as well as post-statin HMGCR protein (gene expression up to 70-fold; p < 0.001). Importantly, the statin-resistant phenotype of PC3SIM cells was reversible by HMGCR-specific siRNA and dipyridamole. Our investigations reveal a key role of a restorative feedback driven by the HMGCR/SREBP-2 axis in statin resistance mechanisms of prostate cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andy Göbel
- Mildred Scheel Early Career Center, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolic Bone Diseases, Department of Medicine III, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany; Center for Healthy Ageing, Department of Medicine III, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany; German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Dresden and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Sophie Pählig
- Mildred Scheel Early Career Center, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolic Bone Diseases, Department of Medicine III, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany; Center for Healthy Ageing, Department of Medicine III, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany; German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Dresden and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Anja Motz
- Mildred Scheel Early Career Center, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolic Bone Diseases, Department of Medicine III, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Dorit Breining
- Mildred Scheel Early Career Center, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolic Bone Diseases, Department of Medicine III, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Sofia Traikov
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Dresden, Germany
| | - Lorenz C Hofbauer
- Mildred Scheel Early Career Center, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolic Bone Diseases, Department of Medicine III, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany; Center for Healthy Ageing, Department of Medicine III, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany; German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Dresden and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Tilman D Rachner
- Mildred Scheel Early Career Center, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolic Bone Diseases, Department of Medicine III, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany; Center for Healthy Ageing, Department of Medicine III, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany; German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Dresden and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
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Honoré B, Hajari JN, Pedersen TT, Ilginis T, Al-Abaiji HA, Lønkvist CS, Saunte JP, Olsen DA, Brandslund I, Vorum H, Slidsborg C. Proteomic analysis of diabetic retinopathy identifies potential plasma-protein biomarkers for diagnosis and prognosis. Clin Chem Lab Med 2024; 62:1177-1197. [PMID: 38332693 DOI: 10.1515/cclm-2023-1128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To identify molecular pathways and prognostic- and diagnostic plasma-protein biomarkers for diabetic retinopathy at various stages. METHODS This exploratory, cross-sectional proteomics study involved plasma from 68 adults, including 15 healthy controls and 53 diabetes patients for various stages of diabetic retinopathy: non-diabetic retinopathy, non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy, proliferative diabetic retinopathy and diabetic macular edema. Plasma was incubated with peptide library beads and eluted proteins were tryptic digested, analyzed by liquid chromatography-tandem mass-spectrometry followed by bioinformatics. RESULTS In the 68 samples, 248 of the 731 identified plasma-proteins were present in all samples. Analysis of variance showed differential expression of 58 proteins across the five disease subgroups. Protein-Protein Interaction network (STRING) showed enrichment of various pathways during the diabetic stages. In addition, stage-specific driver proteins were detected for early and advanced diabetic retinopathy. Hierarchical clustering showed distinct protein profiles according to disease severity and disease type. CONCLUSIONS Molecular pathways in the cholesterol metabolism, complement system, and coagulation cascade were enriched in patients at various stages of diabetic retinopathy. The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor signaling pathway and systemic lupus erythematosus pathways were enriched in early diabetic retinopathy. Stage-specific proteins for early - and advanced diabetic retinopathy as determined herein could be 'key' players in driving disease development and potential 'target' proteins for future therapies. For type 1 and 2 diabetes mellitus, the proteomic profiles were especially distinct during the early disease stage. Validation studies should aim to clarify the role of the detected molecular pathways, potential biomarkers, and potential 'target' proteins for future therapies in diabetic retinopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bent Honoré
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Javad Nouri Hajari
- Department of Ophthalmology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Tobias Torp Pedersen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Tomas Ilginis
- Department of Ophthalmology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Hajer Ahmad Al-Abaiji
- Department of Ophthalmology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Claes Sepstrup Lønkvist
- Department of Ophthalmology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jon Peiter Saunte
- Department of Ophthalmology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Dorte Aalund Olsen
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, University of Southern Denmark, Vejle Hospital, Southern Denmark, Denmark
| | - Ivan Brandslund
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, University of Southern Denmark, Vejle Hospital, Southern Denmark, Denmark
| | - Henrik Vorum
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
- Department of Ophthalmology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Carina Slidsborg
- Department of Ophthalmology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
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La R, Yin Y, Ding W, He Z, Lu L, Xu B, Jiang D, Huang L, Jiang J, Zhou L, Wu Q. Is inflammation a missing link between relative handgrip strength with hyperlipidemia? Evidence from a large population-based study. Lipids Health Dis 2024; 23:159. [PMID: 38802799 PMCID: PMC11131302 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-024-02154-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Relative handgrip strength (RHGS) was positively correlated with healthy levels of cardiovascular markers and negatively correlated with metabolic disease risk. However, its association with hyperlipidemia remains unknown. The present study investigated the link between RHGS and hyperlipidemia, utilizing data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) and further examined the hypothesis that inflammation may serve a mediating role within this relationship. METHODS Data were extracted from 4610 participants in the NHANES database spanning 2011-2014 to explore the correlation between RHGS and hyperlipidemia using multivariate logistic regression models. Subgroup analyses were conducted to discern the correlation between RHGS and hyperlipidemia across diverse populations. Additionally, smooth curve fitting and threshold effect analysis were conducted to validate the association between RHGS and hyperlipidemia. Furthermore, the potential mediating effect of inflammation on this association was also explored. RESULTS According to the fully adjusted model, RHGS was negatively correlated with hyperlipidemia [odds ratio (OR) = 0.575, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.515 to 0.643], which was consistently significant across all populations, notably among women. Smooth curve fitting and threshold effect analysis substantiated the negative association between RHGS and hyperlipidemia. Moreover, the mediating effects analysis indicated the white blood cell (WBC) count, neutrophil (Neu) count, and lymphocyte (Lym) count played roles as the mediators, with mediation ratios of 7.0%, 4.3%, and 5.0%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS This study identified a prominent negative correlation between RHGS and hyperlipidemia. Elevated RHGS may serve as a protective factor against hyperlipidemia, potentially through mechanisms underlying the modulation of inflammatory processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui La
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Institute of Orthopedics at Soochow University, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yunfei Yin
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wenquan Ding
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Institute of Orthopedics at Soochow University, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhiyuan He
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Institute of Orthopedics at Soochow University, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lingchen Lu
- Department of Pediatric Surgery and Rehabilitation, Kunshan Maternity and Children's Health Care Hospital, Jiangsu, China
| | - Bin Xu
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Dinghua Jiang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Institute of Orthopedics at Soochow University, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lixin Huang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Institute of Orthopedics at Soochow University, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Jian Jiang
- Department of Translational Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
| | - Liyu Zhou
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Institute of Orthopedics at Soochow University, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Qian Wu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Institute of Orthopedics at Soochow University, Jiangsu, China.
- Research Institute of Clinical Medicine, Jeonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Korea.
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44
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Yang J, Zhou J, Liu H, Hao J, Hu S, Zhang P, Wu H, Gao Y, Tang W. Blood lipid levels mediating the effects of sex hormone-binding globulin on coronary heart disease: Mendelian randomization and mediation analysis. Sci Rep 2024; 14:11993. [PMID: 38796576 PMCID: PMC11127952 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-62695-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Observational studies indicate that serum sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) levels are inversely correlated with blood lipid levels and coronary heart disease (CHD) risk. Given that dyslipidemia is an established risk factor for CHD, we aim to employ Mendelian randomization (MR) in conjunction with mediation analysis to confirm the mediating role of blood lipid levels in the association between SHBG and CHD. First, we assessed the causality between serum SHBG levels and five cardiovascular diseases using univariable MR. The results revealed causality between SHBG levels and reduced risk of CHD, myocardial infarction, as well as hypertension. Specifically, the most significant reduction was observed in CHD risk, with an odds ratio of 0.73 (95% CI 0.63-0.86) for each one-standard-deviation increase in SHBG. The summary-level data of serum SHBG levels and CHD are derived from a sex-specific genome-wide association study (GWAS) conducted by UK Biobank (sample size = 368,929) and a large-scale GWAS meta-analysis (60,801 cases and 123,504 controls), respectively. Subsequently, we further investigated the mediating role of blood lipid level in the association between SHBG and CHD. Mediation analysis clarified the mediation proportions for four mediators: high cholesterol (48%), very low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (25.1%), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (18.5%), and triglycerides (44.3%). Summary-level data for each mediator were sourced from the UK Biobank and publicly available GWAS. The above results confirm negative causality between serum SHBG levels and the risk of CHD, myocardial infarction, and hypertension, with the causal effect on reducing CHD risk largely mediated by the improvement of blood lipid profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juntao Yang
- School of Medicine, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, Zhejiang, China
- Department of Cardiology, Shaoxing People's Hospital, 568 Zhongxing North Road, Shaoxing, 312000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jiedong Zhou
- Department of Cardiology, Shaoxing People's Hospital, 568 Zhongxing North Road, Shaoxing, 312000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hanxuan Liu
- School of Medicine, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jinjin Hao
- School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Songqing Hu
- School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Peipei Zhang
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Haowei Wu
- School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yefei Gao
- School of Medicine, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, Zhejiang, China
| | - Weiliang Tang
- Department of Cardiology, Shaoxing People's Hospital, 568 Zhongxing North Road, Shaoxing, 312000, Zhejiang, China.
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45
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Nair L, Asuzu P, Dagogo-Jack S. Ethnic Disparities in the Risk Factors, Morbidity, and Mortality of Cardiovascular Disease in People With Diabetes. J Endocr Soc 2024; 8:bvae116. [PMID: 38911352 PMCID: PMC11192623 DOI: 10.1210/jendso/bvae116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death in people with diabetes. Compared with European Americans, African Americans have more favorable lipid profiles, as indicated by higher high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, lower triglycerides, and less dense low-density lipoprotein particles. The less atherogenic lipid profile translates to lower incidence and prevalence of CVD in African Americans with diabetes, despite higher rates of hypertension and obesity. However, African Americans with CVD experience worse clinical outcomes, including higher mortality, compared with European Americans. This mini-review summarizes the epidemiology, pathophysiology, mechanisms, and management of CVD in people with diabetes, focusing on possible factors underlying the "African American CVD paradox" (lower CVD incidence/prevalence but worse outcomes). Although the reasons for the disparities in CVD outcomes remain to be fully elucidated, we present a critical appraisal of the roles of suboptimal control of risk factors, inequities in care delivery, several biological factors, and psychosocial stress. We identify gaps in current knowledge and propose areas for future investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lekshmi Nair
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - Peace Asuzu
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - Sam Dagogo-Jack
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
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46
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Gbelcová H, Rimpelová S, Jariabková A, Macášek P, Priščáková P, Ruml T, Šáchová J, Kubovčiak J, Kolář M, Vítek L. Highly variable biological effects of statins on cancer, non-cancer, and stem cells in vitro. Sci Rep 2024; 14:11830. [PMID: 38782983 PMCID: PMC11116523 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-62615-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Statins, the drugs used for the treatment of hypercholesterolemia, have come into the spotlight not only as chemoadjuvants, but also as potential stem cell modulators in the context of regenerative therapy. In our study, we compared the in vitro effects of all clinically used statins on the viability of human pancreatic cancer (MiaPaCa-2) cells, non-cancerous human embryonic kidney (HEK 293) cells and adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADMSC). Additionally, the effect of statins on viability of MiaPaCa-2 and ADMSC cells spheroids was tested. Furthermore, we performed a microarray analysis on ADMSCs treated with individual statins (12 μM) and compared the importance of the effects of statins on gene expression between stem cells and pancreatic cancer cells. Concentrations of statins that significantly affected cancer cells viability (< 40 μM) did not affect stem cells viability after 24 h. Moreover, statins that didn´t affect viability of cancer cells grown in a monolayer, induce the disintegration of cancer cell spheroids. The effect of statins on gene expression was significantly less pronounced in stem cells compared to pancreatic cancer cells. In conclusion, the low efficacy of statins on non-tumor and stem cells at concentrations sufficient for cancer cells growth inhibition, support their applicability in chemoadjuvant tumor therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena Gbelcová
- Institute of Medical Biology, Genetics and Clinical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Bratislava, 813 72, Slovak Republic.
| | - Silvie Rimpelová
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, 166 28, Czech Republic
| | - Adriana Jariabková
- Institute of Medical Biology, Genetics and Clinical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Bratislava, 813 72, Slovak Republic
| | - Patrik Macášek
- Institute of Medical Biology, Genetics and Clinical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Bratislava, 813 72, Slovak Republic
| | - Petra Priščáková
- Institute of Medical Biology, Genetics and Clinical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Bratislava, 813 72, Slovak Republic
| | - Tomáš Ruml
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, 166 28, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Šáchová
- Laboratory of Genomics and Bioinformatics, Institute of Molecular Genetics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, 142 20, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Kubovčiak
- Laboratory of Genomics and Bioinformatics, Institute of Molecular Genetics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, 142 20, Czech Republic
| | - Michal Kolář
- Laboratory of Genomics and Bioinformatics, Institute of Molecular Genetics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, 142 20, Czech Republic
- Department of Informatics and Chemistry, University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, 166 28, Czech Republic
| | - Libor Vítek
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, and 4Th Department of Internal Medicine, 1St Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Prague, 121 08, Czech Republic
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Kuptawach K, Noitung S, Buakeaw A, Puthong S, Sawangkeaw R, Sangtanoo P, Srimongkol P, Reamtong O, Choowongkomon K, Karnchanatat A. Lemon basil seed-derived peptide: Hydrolysis, purification, and its role as a pancreatic lipase inhibitor that reduces adipogenesis by downregulating SREBP-1c and PPAR-γ in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0301966. [PMID: 38776280 PMCID: PMC11111035 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0301966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/24/2024] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to assess the bioactive peptides derived from the defatted lemon basil seeds hydrolysate (DLSH) for their ability to inhibit pancreatic lipase, decrease intracellular lipid accumulation, and reduce adipogenesis. Response surface methodology (RSM) was employed to optimize trypsin hydrolysis conditions for maximizing lipase inhibitory activity (LI). A hydrolysis time of 387.06 min, a temperature of 49.03°C, and an enzyme concentration of 1.61% w/v, resulted in the highest LI with an IC50 of 368.07 μg/mL. The ultrafiltration of the protein hydrolysate revealed that the fraction below 0.65kDa exhibited the greatest LI potential. Further purification via RP-HPLC identified the Gly-Arg-Ser-Pro-Asp-Thr-His-Ser-Gly (GRSPDTHSG) peptide in the HPLC fraction F1 using mass spectrometry. The peptide was synthesized and demonstrated LI with an IC50 of 0.255 mM through a non-competitive mechanism, with a constant (Ki) of 0.61 mM. Docking studies revealed its binding site with the pancreatic lipase-colipase complex. Additionally, GRSPDTHSG inhibited lipid accumulation in 3T3-L1 cells in a dose-dependent manner without cytotoxic effects. Western blot analysis indicated downregulation of PPAR-γ and SREBP-1c levels under GRSPDTHSG treatment, while an increase in AMPK-α phosphorylation was observed, suggesting a role in regulating cellular lipid metabolism. Overall, GRSPDTHSG demonstrates potential in attenuating lipid absorption and adipogenesis, suggesting a prospective application in functional foods and nutraceuticals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kittisak Kuptawach
- Program in Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Sajee Noitung
- Center of Excellence in Bioconversion and Bioseparation for Platform Chemical Production, Institute of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Anumart Buakeaw
- Center of Excellence in Bioconversion and Bioseparation for Platform Chemical Production, Institute of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Songchan Puthong
- Center of Excellence in Bioconversion and Bioseparation for Platform Chemical Production, Institute of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Ruengwit Sawangkeaw
- Center of Excellence in Bioconversion and Bioseparation for Platform Chemical Production, Institute of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Papassara Sangtanoo
- Center of Excellence in Bioconversion and Bioseparation for Platform Chemical Production, Institute of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Piroonporn Srimongkol
- Center of Excellence in Bioconversion and Bioseparation for Platform Chemical Production, Institute of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Onrapak Reamtong
- Department of Molecular Tropical Medicine and Genetics, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | | | - Aphichart Karnchanatat
- Center of Excellence in Bioconversion and Bioseparation for Platform Chemical Production, Institute of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
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48
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Ding J, Nguyen AT, Lohman K, Hensley MT, Parker D, Hou L, Taylor J, Voora D, Sawyer JK, Boudyguina E, Bancks MP, Bertoni A, Pankow JS, Rotter JI, Goodarzi MO, Tracy RP, Murdoch DM, Duprez D, Rich SS, Psaty BM, Siscovick D, Newgard CB, Herrington D, Hoeschele I, Shea S, Stein JH, Patel M, Post W, Jacobs D, Parks JS, Liu Y. LXR signaling pathways link cholesterol metabolism with risk for prediabetes and diabetes. J Clin Invest 2024; 134:e173278. [PMID: 38747290 PMCID: PMC11093600 DOI: 10.1172/jci173278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUNDPreclinical studies suggest that cholesterol accumulation leads to insulin resistance. We previously reported that alterations in a monocyte cholesterol metabolism transcriptional network (CMTN) - suggestive of cellular cholesterol accumulation - were cross-sectionally associated with obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D). Here, we sought to determine whether the CMTN alterations independently predict incident prediabetes/T2D risk, and correlate with cellular cholesterol accumulation.METHODSMonocyte mRNA expression of 11 CMTN genes was quantified among 934 Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA) participants free of prediabetes/T2D; cellular cholesterol was measured in a subset of 24 monocyte samples.RESULTSDuring a median 6-year follow-up, lower expression of 3 highly correlated LXR target genes - ABCG1 and ABCA1 (cholesterol efflux) and MYLIP (cholesterol uptake suppression) - and not other CMTN genes, was significantly associated with higher risk of incident prediabetes/T2D. Lower expression of the LXR target genes correlated with higher cellular cholesterol levels (e.g., 47% of variance in cellular total cholesterol explained by ABCG1 expression). Further, adding the LXR target genes to overweight/obesity and other known predictors significantly improved prediction of incident prediabetes/T2D.CONCLUSIONThese data suggest that the aberrant LXR/ABCG1-ABCA1-MYLIP pathway (LAAMP) is a major T2D risk factor and support a potential role for aberrant LAAMP and cellular cholesterol accumulation in diabetogenesis.FUNDINGThe MESA Epigenomics and Transcriptomics Studies were funded by NIH grants 1R01HL101250, 1RF1AG054474, R01HL126477, R01DK101921, and R01HL135009. This work was supported by funding from NIDDK R01DK103531 and NHLBI R01HL119962.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingzhong Ding
- Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | | | - Kurt Lohman
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, and
| | | | - Daniel Parker
- Department of Medicine, Division of Geriatrics, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Li Hou
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, and
| | - Jackson Taylor
- Department of Biological, Geological, and Environmental Sciences, Cleveland State University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Deepak Voora
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, and
| | - Janet K. Sawyer
- Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - Elena Boudyguina
- Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - Michael P. Bancks
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - Alain Bertoni
- Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - James S. Pankow
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Jerome I. Rotter
- The Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, The Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, California, USA
| | - Mark O. Goodarzi
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Russell P. Tracy
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, USA
| | - David M. Murdoch
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Daniel Duprez
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Stephen S. Rich
- Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Bruce M. Psaty
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Departments of Medicine, Epidemiology, and Health Systems and Population Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | | | - Christopher B. Newgard
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - David Herrington
- Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - Ina Hoeschele
- Fralin Life Sciences Institute, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA
| | - Steven Shea
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - James H. Stein
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Manesh Patel
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, and
| | - Wendy Post
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - David Jacobs
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - John S. Parks
- Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - Yongmei Liu
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, and
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Zhang Y, Kong X, Liang L, Xu D. Regulation of vascular remodeling by immune microenvironment after the establishment of autologous arteriovenous fistula in ESRD patients. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1365422. [PMID: 38807593 PMCID: PMC11130379 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1365422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Autogenous arteriovenous fistula (AVF) is the preferred dialysis access for receiving hemodialysis treatment in end-stage renal disease patients. After AVF is established, vascular remodeling occurs in order to adapt to hemodynamic changes. Uremia toxins, surgical injury, blood flow changes and other factors can induce inflammatory response, immune microenvironment changes, and play an important role in the maintenance of AVF vascular remodeling. This process involves the infiltration of pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory immune cells and the secretion of cytokines. Pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory immune cells include neutrophil (NEUT), dendritic cell (DC), T lymphocyte, macrophage (Mφ), etc. This article reviews the latest research progress and focuses on the role of immune microenvironment changes in vascular remodeling of AVF, in order to provide a new theoretical basis for the prevention and treatment of AVF failure.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Liming Liang
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong Institute of Nephrology, Jinan, Shandong, China
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50
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Wang Y, Li X, Huang R, Chen XW, Wang X. Apolipoprotein B Secretion Assay from Primary Hepatocytes. Bio Protoc 2024; 14:e4982. [PMID: 38737509 PMCID: PMC11082783 DOI: 10.21769/bioprotoc.4982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Apolipoprotein B (APOB) is the primary structural protein of atherogenic lipoproteins, which drive atherogenesis and thereby lead to deadly cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Plasma levels of APOB-containing lipoproteins are tightly modulated by LDL receptor-mediated endocytic trafficking and cargo receptor-initiated exocytic route; the latter is much less well understood. This protocol aims to present an uncomplicated yet effective method for detecting APOB/lipoprotein secretion. We perform primary mouse hepatocyte isolation and culture coupled with well-established techniques such as immunoblotting for highly sensitive, specific, and semi-quantitative analysis of the lipoprotein secretion process. Its inherent simplicity facilitates ease of operation, rendering it a valuable tool widely utilized to explore the intricate landscape of cellular lipid metabolism and unravel the mechanistic complexities underlying lipoprotein-related diseases. Key features • A pipeline for the isolation and subsequent culture of mouse primary hepatocytes. • A procedure for tracking the secretion of APOB-containing lipoproteins. • A rapid and sensitive assay for detecting the APOB level based on immunoblotting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yawei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Peking University, Beijing, China
- PKU-THU Joint Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Peking University, Beijing, China
- College of Future Technology, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Runze Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Peking University, Beijing, China
- College of Future Technology, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao-Wei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Peking University, Beijing, China
- PKU-THU Joint Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
- College of Future Technology, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Peking University, Beijing, China
- PKU-THU Joint Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
- College of Future Technology, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Peking University, Beijing, China
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