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Osorio M J, Mitchell SE, Hambly C, Allison DB, Speakman JR. Not feeling the heat? Effects of dietary protein on satiation and satiety in mice are not due to its impact on body temperature. Appetite 2024; 200:107421. [PMID: 38759755 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2024.107421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Revised: 05/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024]
Abstract
Dietary protein modulates food intake (FI) via unclear mechanism(s). One possibility is that higher protein leads to greater post-ingestive heat production (Specific dynamic action: SDA) leading to earlier meal termination (increased satiation), and inhibition of further intake (increased satiety). The influence of dietary protein on feeding behaviour in C57BL/6J mice was tested using an automated FI monitoring system (BioDAQ), simultaneous to body temperature (Tb). Total FI, inter meal intervals (IMI, satiety) and meal size (MS, satiation) were related to changes in Tb after consuming low (5%, LP), moderate (15%, MP) and high (30%, HP) protein diets. Diets were tested over three conditions: 1) room temperature (RT, 21 ± 1 °C), 2) room temperature and running wheels (RTRW) and 3) low temperature (10 °C) and running wheels (LTRW). The differences between diets and conditions were also compared using mixed models. Mice housed at RT fed HP diet, reduced total FI compared with LP and MP due to earlier meal termination (satiation effect). FI was lowered in RTRW conditions with no differences between diets. FI significantly increased under LTRW conditions for all diets, with protein content leading to earlier meal termination (satiation) but not the intervals between feeding bouts (satiety). Tb fell immediately after feeding in all conditions. Despite a reduction in total FI in mice fed HP, mediated via increased satiation, this effect was not linked to increased Tb during meals. We conclude effects of dietary protein on intake are not mediated via SDA and Tb.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jazmin Osorio M
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Aberdeen, AB24 2TZ, Scotland, UK; Institute of Neurobiology, University of Lübeck, 23562, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Sharon E Mitchell
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Aberdeen, AB24 2TZ, Scotland, UK
| | - Catherine Hambly
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Aberdeen, AB24 2TZ, Scotland, UK
| | - David B Allison
- Indiana University School of Public Health - Bloomington, Indiana, 47405, USA
| | - John R Speakman
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Aberdeen, AB24 2TZ, Scotland, UK; Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Metabolic Health, Center for Energy Metabolism and Reproduction, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China; State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China; China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China.
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2
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Della Guardia L, Shin AC. Obesity-induced tissue alterations resist weight loss: A mechanistic review. Diabetes Obes Metab 2024; 26:3045-3057. [PMID: 38720199 DOI: 10.1111/dom.15637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Revised: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/10/2024]
Abstract
Interventions aimed at weight control often have limited effectiveness in combating obesity. This review explores how obesity-induced dysfunction in white (WAT) and brown adipose tissue (BAT), skeletal muscle, and the brain blunt weight loss, leading to retention of stored fat. In obesity, increased adrenergic stimulation and inflammation downregulate β-adrenoreceptors and impair catecholaminergic signalling in adipocytes. This disrupts adrenergic-mediated lipolysis, diminishing lipid oxidation in both white and brown adipocytes, lowering thermogenesis and blunting fat loss. Emerging evidence suggests that WAT fibrosis is associated with worse weight loss outcomes; indeed, limiting collagen and laminin-α4 deposition mitigates WAT accumulation, enhances browning, and protects against high-fat-diet-induced obesity. Obesity compromises mitochondrial oxidative capacity and lipid oxidation in skeletal muscle, impairing its ability to switch between glucose and lipid metabolism in response to varying nutrient levels and exercise. This dysfunctional phenotype in muscle is exacerbated in the presence of obesity-associated sarcopenia. Additionally, obesity suppresses sarcolipin-induced sarcoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPase (SERCA) activation, resulting in reduced oxidative capacity, diminished energy expenditure, and increased adiposity. In the hypothalamus, obesity and overnutrition impair insulin and leptin signalling. This blunts central satiety signals, favouring a shift in energy balance toward energy conservation and body fat retention. Moreover, both obese animals and humans demonstrate impaired dopaminergic signalling and diminished responses to nutrient intake in the striatum, which tend to persist after weight loss. This may result in enduring inclinations toward overeating and a sedentary lifestyle. Collectively, the tissue adaptations described pose significant challenges to effectively achieving and sustaining weight loss in obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucio Della Guardia
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Andrew C Shin
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas, USA
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3
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Hysenaj F, Lauber M, Bast-Habersbrunner A, List M, Klingenspor M. Single-cell transcriptome analysis reveals secretin as a hallmark of human enteroendocrine cell maturation. Sci Rep 2024; 14:13525. [PMID: 38866945 PMCID: PMC11169271 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-63699-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The traditional nomenclature of enteroendocrine cells (EECs), established in 1977, applied the "one cell - one hormone" dogma, which distinguishes subpopulations based on the secretion of a specific hormone. These hormone-specific subpopulations included S cells for secretin (SCT), K cells for glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP), N cells producing neurotensin (NTS), I cells producing cholecystokinin (CCK), D cells producing somatostatin (SST), and others. In the past 15 years, reinvestigations into murine and human organoid-derived EECs, however, strongly questioned this dogma and established that certain EECs coexpress multiple hormones. Using the Gut Cell Atlas, the largest available single-cell transcriptome dataset of human intestinal cells, this study consolidates that the original dogma is outdated not only for murine and human organoid-derived EECs, but also for primary human EECs, showing that the expression of certain hormones is not restricted to their designated cell type. Moreover, specific analyses into SCT-expressing cells reject the presence of any cell population that exhibits significantly elevated secretin expression compared to other cell populations, previously referred to as S cells. Instead, this investigation indicates that secretin production is realized jointly by other enteroendocrine subpopulations, validating corresponding observations in murine EECs also for human EECs. Furthermore, our findings corroborate that SCT expression peaks in mature EECs, in contrast, progenitor EECs exhibit markedly lower expression levels, supporting the hypothesis that SCT expression is a hallmark of EEC maturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franc Hysenaj
- Chair of Experimental Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, 85354, Freising, Germany
| | - Michael Lauber
- Chair of Experimental Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, 85354, Freising, Germany
| | - Andrea Bast-Habersbrunner
- Chair of Molecular Nutritional Medicine, School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, 85354, Freising, Germany
| | - Markus List
- Data Science in Systems Biology, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, 85354, Freising, Germany
- Munich Data Science Institute (MDSI), Technical University of Munich, 85748, Garching, Germany
| | - Martin Klingenspor
- Chair of Molecular Nutritional Medicine, School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, 85354, Freising, Germany.
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Yao Z, Liang S, Chen J, Dai Y, Zhang H, Li H, Chen W. A Combination of Exercise and Yogurt Intake Protects Mice against Obesity by Synergistic Promotion of Adipose Browning. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024. [PMID: 38857171 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.4c00982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2024]
Abstract
Exercise exerts many beneficial effects on obesity, but the mechanism remains elusive. Here, we report a previously unidentified role of the lactate receptor GPR81 in exercise. We observed that GPR81 was significantly up-regulated in white adipose tissues (WAT) upon exercise training in both lean and obese mice. Exercise could induce thermogenesis and beige adipocyte development, whereas such an effect was markedly impaired by the deficiency of GPR81. Furthermore, the activation of GPR81 by exercise and lactate supplementation (250 or 500 mg/kg) yielded a synergistic enhancement of WAT browning and thermogenesis. Yogurt is a dairy product enriched with lactate. A combination of exercise and yogurt intake (20 g/kg) synergistically protected mice against high-fat-diet-induced obesity, as evidenced by decreased body weight, ameliorative dyslipidemia, improved glucose tolerance, and reduced hepatic steatosis. Mechanistically, lactate-GPR81 axis might aid in the norepinephrine-stimulated beige adipocyte biogenesis cascade via the Ca2+/CaMK pathway. Together, these findings reveal the critical role of lactate-GPR81 signaling in exercise-induced WAT browning and provide a new strategy for personalized diet and lifestyle interventions for obesity management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhijie Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Shuxiao Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Jinxiang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Yufeng Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Haitao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Wei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
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Antasouras G, Dakanalis A, Chrysafi M, Papadopoulou SK, Trifonidi I, Spanoudaki M, Alexatou O, Pritsa A, Louka A, Giaginis C. Could Insulin Be a Better Regulator of Appetite/Satiety Balance and Body Weight Maintenance in Response to Glucose Exposure Compared to Sucrose Substitutes? Unraveling Current Knowledge and Searching for More Appropriate Choices. Med Sci (Basel) 2024; 12:29. [PMID: 38921683 PMCID: PMC11205552 DOI: 10.3390/medsci12020029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2024] [Revised: 06/04/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Insulin exerts a crucial impact on glucose control, cellular growing, function, and metabolism. It is partially modulated by nutrients, especially as a response to the intake of foods, including carbohydrates. Moreover, insulin can exert an anorexigenic effect when inserted into the hypothalamus of the brain, in which a complex network of an appetite/hunger control system occurs. The current literature review aims at thoroughly summarizing and scrutinizing whether insulin release in response to glucose exposure may be a better choice to control body weight gain and related diseases compared to the use of sucrose substitutes (SSs) in combination with a long-term, well-balanced diet. METHODS This is a comprehensive literature review, which was performed through searching in-depth for the most accurate scientific databases and applying effective and relevant keywords. RESULTS The insulin action can be inserted into the hypothalamic orexigenic/anorexigenic complex system, activating several anorexigenic peptides, increasing the hedonic aspect of food intake, and effectively controlling the human body weight. In contrast, SSs appear not to affect the orexigenic/anorexigenic complex system, resulting in more cases of uncontrolled body weight maintenance while also increasing the risk of developing related diseases. CONCLUSIONS Most evidence, mainly derived from in vitro and in vivo animal studies, has reinforced the insulin anorexigenic action in the hypothalamus of the brain. Simultaneously, most available clinical studies showed that SSs during a well-balanced diet either maintain or even increase body weight, which may indirectly be ascribed to the fact that they cannot cover the hedonic aspect of food intake. However, there is a strong demand for long-term longitudinal surveys to effectively specify the impact of SSs on human metabolic health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgios Antasouras
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, School of Environment, University of Aegean, 81400 Lemnos, Greece; (G.A.); (M.C.); (O.A.); (A.L.)
| | - Antonios Dakanalis
- Department of Mental Health, Fondazione IRCCS San Gerardo dei Tintori, Via G.B. Pergolesi 33, 20900 Monza, Italy;
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milan Bicocca, Via Cadore 38, 20900 Monza, Italy
| | - Maria Chrysafi
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, School of Environment, University of Aegean, 81400 Lemnos, Greece; (G.A.); (M.C.); (O.A.); (A.L.)
| | - Sousana K. Papadopoulou
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, School of Health Sciences, International Hellenic University, 57400 Thessaloniki, Greece; (S.K.P.); (M.S.); (A.P.)
| | - Ioulia Trifonidi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, KAT General Hospital, 14561 Athens, Greece;
| | - Maria Spanoudaki
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, School of Health Sciences, International Hellenic University, 57400 Thessaloniki, Greece; (S.K.P.); (M.S.); (A.P.)
| | - Olga Alexatou
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, School of Environment, University of Aegean, 81400 Lemnos, Greece; (G.A.); (M.C.); (O.A.); (A.L.)
| | - Agathi Pritsa
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, School of Health Sciences, International Hellenic University, 57400 Thessaloniki, Greece; (S.K.P.); (M.S.); (A.P.)
| | - Aikaterini Louka
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, School of Environment, University of Aegean, 81400 Lemnos, Greece; (G.A.); (M.C.); (O.A.); (A.L.)
| | - Constantinos Giaginis
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, School of Environment, University of Aegean, 81400 Lemnos, Greece; (G.A.); (M.C.); (O.A.); (A.L.)
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6
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Zhong H, Zhang X, Wu Y, Li L, Zhang Z, Chi X, Cui X, Ji C. The dairy-derived peptide Miltin exerts anti-obesity effects by increasing adipocyte thermogenesis. Food Funct 2024; 15:5300-5314. [PMID: 38669145 DOI: 10.1039/d3fo05704f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
Growing research has highlighted that the consumption of dairy products improves the metabolic health in obese individuals by functioning as regulatory modulators. However, the molecular basis of this effect remains largely unknown. Herein, we report a dairy-derived peptide, which we named Miltin, that activates the thermogenesis of brown adipocytes and increases white adipocyte browning. Previously, Miltin was merely identified for its antioxidant capacity, although it is commonly present in different dairy products. In this study, we revealed the effect of Miltin in modulating adipose thermogenesis and further explored its potential in treating obesity through in vivo and in vitro strategies. The administration of Miltin in mice fed with a high-fat diet resulted in enhanced thermogenesis, improved glucose homeostasis, and reduced body mass and lipid accumulation, indicating the anti-obesity effect of Miltin. Genomic analysis revealed that Miltin modulates thermogenesis by inducing the activation of the MAPK signaling pathway by preferentially interacting with GADD45γ to promote its stability. Together, our findings indicate that Miltin's role in initiating the thermogenesis of adipocytes makes it a potential anti-obesity therapy for future development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Zhong
- Nanjing Maternal and Child Health Institute, Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Women and Children's Healthcare Hospital, 123 Tianfei Alley, Mochou Road, Nanjing, China.
| | - Xiaoxiao Zhang
- Nanjing Maternal and Child Health Institute, Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Women and Children's Healthcare Hospital, 123 Tianfei Alley, Mochou Road, Nanjing, China.
| | - Yangyang Wu
- Nanjing Maternal and Child Health Institute, Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Women and Children's Healthcare Hospital, 123 Tianfei Alley, Mochou Road, Nanjing, China.
| | - Lu Li
- Nanjing Maternal and Child Health Institute, Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Women and Children's Healthcare Hospital, 123 Tianfei Alley, Mochou Road, Nanjing, China.
| | - Zhuo Zhang
- Nanjing Maternal and Child Health Institute, Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Women and Children's Healthcare Hospital, 123 Tianfei Alley, Mochou Road, Nanjing, China.
| | - Xia Chi
- Nanjing Maternal and Child Health Institute, Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Women and Children's Healthcare Hospital, 123 Tianfei Alley, Mochou Road, Nanjing, China.
| | - Xianwei Cui
- Nanjing Maternal and Child Health Institute, Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Women and Children's Healthcare Hospital, 123 Tianfei Alley, Mochou Road, Nanjing, China.
| | - Chenbo Ji
- Nanjing Maternal and Child Health Institute, Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Women and Children's Healthcare Hospital, 123 Tianfei Alley, Mochou Road, Nanjing, China.
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7
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Berg P, Svendsen SL, Ayasse N, Sorensen MV, Leipziger J. Secretin: a hormone for HCO 3- homeostasis. Pflugers Arch 2024; 476:545-554. [PMID: 38221598 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-024-02906-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
Secretin is a key hormone of the intestinal phase of digestion which activates pancreatic, bile duct and Brunner gland HCO3- secretion. Recently, the secretin receptor (SCTR) was also found in the basolateral membrane of the beta-intercalated cell (B-IC) of the collecting duct. Experimental addition of secretin triggers a pronounced activation of urinary HCO3- excretion, which is fully dependent on key functional proteins of the B-IC, namely apical pendrin and CFTR and the basolateral SCTR. Recent studies demonstrated that the SCTR knock-out mouse is unable to respond to an acute base load. Here, SCTR KO mice could not rapidly increase urine base excretion, developed prolonged metabolic alkalosis and exhibited marked compensatory hypoventilation. Here, we review the physiological effects of secretin with distinct focus on how secretin activates renal HCO3- excretion. We describe its new function as a hormone for HCO3- homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peder Berg
- Department of Biomedicine, Physiology, Health, Aarhus University, Høegh-Guldbergsgade 10, Bld. 1115, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Samuel L Svendsen
- Department of Biomedicine, Physiology, Health, Aarhus University, Høegh-Guldbergsgade 10, Bld. 1115, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Niklas Ayasse
- Vth Department of Medicine, University Hospital Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim of the University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Mads Vaarby Sorensen
- Department of Biomedicine, Physiology, Health, Aarhus University, Høegh-Guldbergsgade 10, Bld. 1115, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Jens Leipziger
- Department of Biomedicine, Physiology, Health, Aarhus University, Høegh-Guldbergsgade 10, Bld. 1115, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark.
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8
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Wang Y, Ye L. The Afferent Function of Adipose Innervation. Diabetes 2024; 73:348-354. [PMID: 38377447 PMCID: PMC10882147 DOI: 10.2337/dbi23-0002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
Adipose tissue innervation is critical for regulating metabolic and energy homeostasis. While the sympathetic efferent innervation of fat is well characterized, the role of sensory or afferent innervation remains less explored. This article reviews previous work on adipose innervation and recent advances in the study of sensory innervation of adipose tissues. We discuss key open questions, including the physiological implications of adipose afferents in homeostasis as well as potential cross talk with sympathetic neurons, the immune system, and hormonal pathways. We also outline the general technical challenges of studying dorsal root ganglia innervating fat, along with emerging technologies that may overcome these barriers. Finally, we highlight areas for further research to deepen our understanding of the afferent function of adipose innervation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Wang
- Department of Neuroscience and Dorris Neuroscience Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA
| | - Li Ye
- Department of Neuroscience and Dorris Neuroscience Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA
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9
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Ramasamy I. Physiological Appetite Regulation and Bariatric Surgery. J Clin Med 2024; 13:1347. [PMID: 38546831 PMCID: PMC10932430 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13051347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2024] [Revised: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 02/24/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Obesity remains a common metabolic disorder and a threat to health as it is associated with numerous complications. Lifestyle modifications and caloric restriction can achieve limited weight loss. Bariatric surgery is an effective way of achieving substantial weight loss as well as glycemic control secondary to weight-related type 2 diabetes mellitus. It has been suggested that an anorexigenic gut hormone response following bariatric surgery contributes to weight loss. Understanding the changes in gut hormones and their contribution to weight loss physiology can lead to new therapeutic treatments for weight loss. Two distinct types of neurons in the arcuate hypothalamic nuclei control food intake: proopiomelanocortin neurons activated by the anorexigenic (satiety) hormones and neurons activated by the orexigenic peptides that release neuropeptide Y and agouti-related peptide (hunger centre). The arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus integrates hormonal inputs from the gut and adipose tissue (the anorexigenic hormones cholecystokinin, polypeptide YY, glucagon-like peptide-1, oxyntomodulin, leptin, and others) and orexigeneic peptides (ghrelin). Replicating the endocrine response to bariatric surgery through pharmacological mimicry holds promise for medical treatment. Obesity has genetic and environmental factors. New advances in genetic testing have identified both monogenic and polygenic obesity-related genes. Understanding the function of genes contributing to obesity will increase insights into the biology of obesity. This review includes the physiology of appetite control, the influence of genetics on obesity, and the changes that occur following bariatric surgery. This has the potential to lead to the development of more subtle, individualised, treatments for obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Indra Ramasamy
- Department of Blood Sciences, Conquest Hospital, Hastings TN37 7RD, UK
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10
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Zhang F, Qiao W, Wei JA, Tao Z, Chen C, Wu Y, Lin M, Ng KMC, Zhang L, Yeung KWK, Chow BKC. Secretin-dependent signals in the ventromedial hypothalamus regulate energy metabolism and bone homeostasis in mice. Nat Commun 2024; 15:1030. [PMID: 38310104 PMCID: PMC10838336 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-45436-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Secretin, though originally discovered as a gut-derived hormone, is recently found to be abundantly expressed in the ventromedial hypothalamus, from which the central neural system controls satiety, energy metabolism, and bone homeostasis. However, the functional significance of secretin in the ventromedial hypothalamus remains unclear. Here we show that the loss of ventromedial hypothalamus-derived secretin leads to osteopenia in male and female mice, which is primarily induced by diminished cAMP response element-binding protein phosphorylation and upregulation in peripheral sympathetic activity. Moreover, the ventromedial hypothalamus-secretin inhibition also contributes to hyperphagia, dysregulated lipogenesis, and impaired thermogenesis, resulting in obesity in male and female mice. Conversely, overexpression of secretin in the ventromedial hypothalamus promotes bone mass accrual in mice of both sexes. Collectively, our findings identify an unappreciated secretin signaling in the central neural system for the regulation of energy and bone metabolism, which may serve as a new target for the clinical management of obesity and osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengwei Zhang
- School of Biological Sciences, the University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Wei Qiao
- Applied Oral Sciences & Community Dental Care, Faculty of Dentistry, the University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Innovative Technology in Orthopaedic Trauma, the University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China.
| | - Ji-An Wei
- School of Biological Sciences, the University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Key Laboratory of CNS Regeneration (Ministry of Education), GHM Institute of CNS Regeneration, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhengyi Tao
- School of Biological Sciences, the University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Congjia Chen
- School of Biological Sciences, the University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yefeng Wu
- Applied Oral Sciences & Community Dental Care, Faculty of Dentistry, the University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Minghui Lin
- School of Biological Sciences, the University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ka Man Carmen Ng
- School of Biological Sciences, the University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Key Laboratory of CNS Regeneration (Ministry of Education), GHM Institute of CNS Regeneration, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- Neuroscience and Neurorehabilitation Institute, University of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Kelvin Wai-Kwok Yeung
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Innovative Technology in Orthopaedic Trauma, the University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China.
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, the University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
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11
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Jeon YG, Nahmgoong H, Oh J, Lee D, Kim DW, Kim JE, Kim YY, Ji Y, Han JS, Kim SM, Sohn JH, Lee WT, Kim SW, Park J, Huh JY, Jo K, Cho JY, Park J, Kim JB. Ubiquitin ligase RNF20 coordinates sequential adipose thermogenesis with brown and beige fat-specific substrates. Nat Commun 2024; 15:940. [PMID: 38296968 PMCID: PMC10831072 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-45270-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/02/2024] Open
Abstract
In mammals, brown adipose tissue (BAT) and inguinal white adipose tissue (iWAT) execute sequential thermogenesis to maintain body temperature during cold stimuli. BAT rapidly generates heat through brown adipocyte activation, and further iWAT gradually stimulates beige fat cell differentiation upon prolonged cold challenges. However, fat depot-specific regulatory mechanisms for thermogenic activation of two fat depots are poorly understood. Here, we demonstrate that E3 ubiquitin ligase RNF20 orchestrates adipose thermogenesis with BAT- and iWAT-specific substrates. Upon cold stimuli, BAT RNF20 is rapidly downregulated, resulting in GABPα protein elevation by controlling protein stability, which stimulates thermogenic gene expression. Accordingly, BAT-specific Rnf20 suppression potentiates BAT thermogenic activity via GABPα upregulation. Moreover, upon prolonged cold stimuli, iWAT RNF20 is gradually upregulated to promote de novo beige adipogenesis. Mechanistically, iWAT RNF20 mediates NCoR1 protein degradation, rather than GABPα, to activate PPARγ. Together, current findings propose fat depot-specific regulatory mechanisms for temporal activation of adipose thermogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Geun Jeon
- Center for Adipocyte Structure and Function, Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
| | - Hahn Nahmgoong
- Center for Adipocyte Structure and Function, Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
| | - Jiyoung Oh
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Information and Bioengineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan, 44919, South Korea
| | - Dabin Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, BK21 PLUS Program for Creative Veterinary Science Research and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
| | - Dong Wook Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, BK21 PLUS Program for Creative Veterinary Science Research and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
| | - Jane Eunsoo Kim
- Center for Adipocyte Structure and Function, Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
| | - Ye Young Kim
- Center for Adipocyte Structure and Function, Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
| | - Yul Ji
- Center for Adipocyte Structure and Function, Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
| | - Ji Seul Han
- Center for Adipocyte Structure and Function, Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
| | - Sung Min Kim
- Center for Adipocyte Structure and Function, Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
| | - Jee Hyung Sohn
- Center for Adipocyte Structure and Function, Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
| | - Won Taek Lee
- Center for Adipocyte Structure and Function, Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
| | - Sun Won Kim
- Center for Adipocyte Structure and Function, Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
| | - Jeu Park
- Center for Adipocyte Structure and Function, Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
| | - Jin Young Huh
- Center for Adipocyte Structure and Function, Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
- Department of Life Science, Sogang University, Seoul, 04107, South Korea
| | - Kyuri Jo
- Department of Computer Engineering, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, 28644, South Korea
| | - Je-Yoel Cho
- Department of Biochemistry, BK21 PLUS Program for Creative Veterinary Science Research and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
| | - Jiyoung Park
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Information and Bioengineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan, 44919, South Korea
| | - Jae Bum Kim
- Center for Adipocyte Structure and Function, Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea.
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12
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Fan Z, Wang S, Meng Y, Wen C, Xu M, Li X. Butyrate Alleviates High-Fat-Induced Metabolic Disorders Partially through Increasing Systematic Glutamine. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:449-460. [PMID: 38109504 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c08926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2023]
Abstract
Obesity has emerged as a worldwide epidemic. Both butyrate and glutamine counteract obesity-related metabolic disorders; however, whether and how they synergistically cooperate with each other remains a mystery. In the study, a high-fat diet (HFD, 60% calories from fat) was used to develop a model of obesity-related metabolic disorder and compared with administrated saline and sodium butyrate (SB, 300 mg/kg body weight) daily by gavage. Compared with HFD counterparts, oral administration of SB in mice exhibited significantly reduced body weight and fat mass and decreased hepatic triglyceride content. The targeted mass spectrum revealed that SB restored serum contents of glutamine, which were significantly decreased by HFD. Furthermore, SB significantly elevated the expression of glutamine synthetase (GS, encoded by GLUL) in the liver, accompanied by more enrichment of H3K27ac modifications within its promoter. In summary, the study verified the contribution of elevated glutamine to the beneficial effects of butyrate on metabolic disorders induced by a high-fat diet, providing a novel pathway for understanding how butyrate benefits metabolic homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeyu Fan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Livestock Biology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Shaonan Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Livestock Biology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yingying Meng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Livestock Biology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Chenglong Wen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Livestock Biology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Meixue Xu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Livestock Biology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiao Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Livestock Biology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
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13
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Sun L, Nuutila P. Hormone-induced body-brain interaction and the impact on cognition. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2024; 51:340-341. [PMID: 37943338 DOI: 10.1007/s00259-023-06491-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/21/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lihua Sun
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.
- Turku PET Centre, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland.
| | - Pirjo Nuutila
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Department of Endocrinology, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
- Turku PET Centre, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
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14
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Bany Bakar R, Reimann F, Gribble FM. The intestine as an endocrine organ and the role of gut hormones in metabolic regulation. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2023; 20:784-796. [PMID: 37626258 DOI: 10.1038/s41575-023-00830-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
Gut hormones orchestrate pivotal physiological processes in multiple metabolically active tissues, including the pancreas, liver, adipose tissue, gut and central nervous system, making them attractive therapeutic targets in the treatment of obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Most gut hormones are derived from enteroendocrine cells, but bioactive peptides that are derived from other intestinal epithelial cell types have also been implicated in metabolic regulation and can be considered gut hormones. A deeper understanding of the complex inter-organ crosstalk mediated by the intestinal endocrine system is a prerequisite for designing more effective drugs that are based on or target gut hormones and their receptors, and extending their therapeutic potential beyond obesity and diabetes mellitus. In this Review, we present an overview of gut hormones that are involved in the regulation of metabolism and discuss their action in the gastrointestinal system and beyond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rula Bany Bakar
- Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science Metabolic Research Laboratories, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Frank Reimann
- Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science Metabolic Research Laboratories, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Fiona M Gribble
- Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science Metabolic Research Laboratories, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
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15
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Chi S, Zhang T, Pan Y, Niu S, Zhao L, Gu Z, Liu Q, Jin A, Wang W, Tan S. Time-restricted feeding alleviates metabolic implications of circadian disruption by regulating gut hormone release and brown fat activation. Food Funct 2023; 14:10443-10458. [PMID: 37916301 DOI: 10.1039/d3fo02063k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
Individuals with rotating and night shift work are highly susceptible to developing metabolic disorders such as obesity and diabetes. This is primarily attributed to disruptions in the circadian rhythms caused by activities and irregular eating habits. Time-restricted feeding (tRF) limits the daily eating schedules and has been demonstrated to markedly improve several metabolic disorders. Although an intricate relationship exists between tRF and circadian rhythms, the underlying specific mechanism remains elusive. We used a sleep disruption device for activity interference and established a model of circadian rhythm disorder in mice with different genetic backgrounds. We found that circadian rhythm disruption led to abnormal hormone secretion in the gut and elevated insulin resistance. tRF improved metabolic abnormalities caused by circadian rhythm disruption, primarily by restoring the gut hormone secretion rhythm and activating brown fat thermogenesis. The crucial function of brown fat in tRF was confirmed using a mouse model with brown fat removal. We demonstrated that chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA) effectively improved circadian rhythm disruption-induced metabolic disorders by restoring brown fat activation. Our findings demonstrate the potential benefits of CDCA in reversing metabolic disadvantages associated with irregular circadian rhythms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sensen Chi
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medicine Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400010, China.
| | - Taoyuan Zhang
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medicine Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400010, China.
| | - Yu Pan
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medicine Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400010, China.
| | - Shenghui Niu
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Department of Paediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Lin Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Department of Paediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Zili Gu
- Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333ZA, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Qi Liu
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA.
| | - Aishun Jin
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medicine Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400010, China.
| | - Wang Wang
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medicine Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400010, China.
| | - Shuai Tan
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medicine Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400010, China.
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA.
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16
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Gilliam-Vigh H, Jorsal T, Nielsen SW, Forman JL, Pedersen J, Poulsen SS, Vilsbøll T, Knop FK. Expression of Secretin and its Receptor Along the Intestinal Tract in Type 2 Diabetes Patients and Healthy Controls. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2023; 108:e1597-e1602. [PMID: 37335970 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgad372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Revised: 06/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT The hormone secretin (SCT) is released from intestinal S cells and acts via the SCT receptor (SCTR). Circulating SCT levels increase after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery and have been associated with massive weight loss and high remission rates of type 2 diabetes (T2D) linked to these operations. Exogenous SCT was recently shown to reduce ad libitum food intake in healthy volunteers. OBJECTIVE To understand SCT biology and its potential role in T2D pathophysiology, we examined the intestinal mucosal expression profile of SCT and SCTR and evaluated the density of S cells along the intestinal tract of individuals with T2D and healthy controls. METHODS Using immunohistochemistry and messenger RNA (mRNA) sequencing, we analyzed intestinal mucosa biopsies sampled along the small intestine at 30-cm intervals and from 7 well-defined anatomical sites along the large intestine (during 2 sessions of double-balloon enteroscopy) in 12 individuals with T2D and 12 healthy controls. RESULTS Both groups exhibited a progressive and similar decrease in SCT and SCTR mRNA expression and S-cell density along the small intestine, with reductions of 14, 100, and 50 times, respectively, in the ileum compared to the duodenum (used as reference). Negligible amounts of SCTR and SCT mRNA, as well as low S-cell density, were found in the large intestine. No significant differences were observed between the groups. CONCLUSION SCT and SCTR mRNA expression and S-cell density were abundant in the duodenum and decreased along the small intestine. Very low SCT and SCTR mRNA levels and S-cell numbers were observed in the large intestine, without aberrations in individuals with T2D compared to healthy controls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Gilliam-Vigh
- Center for Clinical Metabolic Research, Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, 2900 Hellerup, Denmark
| | - Tina Jorsal
- Center for Clinical Metabolic Research, Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, 2900 Hellerup, Denmark
| | - Sophie W Nielsen
- Center for Clinical Metabolic Research, Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, 2900 Hellerup, Denmark
| | - Julie L Forman
- Section of Biostatistics, Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 1353 Copenhagen K, Denmark
| | - Jens Pedersen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Steen S Poulsen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Tina Vilsbøll
- Center for Clinical Metabolic Research, Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, 2900 Hellerup, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
- Clinical Research, Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, 2730 Herlev, Denmark
| | - Filip K Knop
- Center for Clinical Metabolic Research, Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, 2900 Hellerup, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
- Clinical Research, Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, 2730 Herlev, Denmark
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
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17
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Cheng L, Shi L, He C, Wang C, Lv Y, Li H, An Y, Duan Y, Dai H, Zhang H, Huang Y, Fu W, Sun W, Zhao B. Mulberry leaf flavonoids activate BAT and induce browning of WAT to improve type 2 diabetes via regulating the AMPK/SIRT1/PGC-1α signaling pathway. Chin J Nat Med 2023; 21:812-829. [PMID: 38035937 DOI: 10.1016/s1875-5364(23)60481-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
Mulberry (Morus alba L.) leaf is a well-established traditional Chinese botanical and culinary resource. It has found widespread application in the management of diabetes. The bioactive constituents of mulberry leaf, specifically mulberry leaf flavonoids (MLFs), exhibit pronounced potential in the amelioration of type 2 diabetes (T2D). This potential is attributed to their ability to safeguard pancreatic β cells, enhance insulin resistance, and inhibit α-glucosidase activity. Our antecedent research findings underscore the substantial therapeutic efficacy of MLFs in treating T2D. However, the precise mechanistic underpinnings of MLF's anti-T2D effects remain the subject of inquiry. Activation of brown/beige adipocytes is a novel and promising strategy for T2D treatment. In the present study, our primary objective was to elucidate the impact of MLFs on adipose tissue browning in db/db mice and 3T3-L1 cells and elucidate its underlying mechanism. The results manifested that MLFs reduced body weight and food intake, alleviated hepatic steatosis, improved insulin sensitivity, and increased lipolysis and thermogenesis in db/db mice. Moreover, MLFs activated brown adipose tissue (BAT) and induced the browning of inguinal white adipose tissue (IWAT) and 3T3-L1 adipocytes by increasing the expressions of brown adipocyte marker genes and proteins such as uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) and beige adipocyte marker genes such as transmembrane protein 26 (Tmem26), thereby promoting mitochondrial biogenesis. Mechanistically, MLFs facilitated the activation of BAT and the induction of WAT browning to ameliorate T2D primarily through the activation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK)/sirtuin 1 (SIRT1)/peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma coactivator 1α (PGC-1α) signaling pathway. These findings highlight the unique capacity of MLF to counteract T2D by enhancing BAT activation and inducing browning of IWAT, thereby ameliorating glucose and lipid metabolism disorders. As such, MLFs emerge as a prospective and innovative browning agent for the treatment of T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Cheng
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China; Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China
| | - Lu Shi
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Changhao He
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Chen Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Yinglan Lv
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Huimin Li
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Yongcheng An
- College of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Yuhui Duan
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Hongyu Dai
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Huilin Zhang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Yan Huang
- College of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Wanxin Fu
- College of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Weiguang Sun
- GuangZhou Baiyunshan Xingqun Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Guangzhou 510288, China.
| | - Baosheng Zhao
- Beijing Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China.
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18
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Wang C, Wang X, Hu W. Molecular and cellular regulation of thermogenic fat. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1215772. [PMID: 37465124 PMCID: PMC10351381 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1215772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Thermogenic fat, consisting of brown and beige adipocytes, dissipates energy in the form of heat, in contrast to the characteristics of white adipocytes that store energy. Increasing energy expenditure by activating brown adipocytes or inducing beige adipocytes is a potential therapeutic strategy for treating obesity and type 2 diabetes. Thus, a better understanding of the underlying mechanisms of thermogenesis provides novel therapeutic interventions for metabolic diseases. In this review, we summarize the recent advances in the molecular regulation of thermogenesis, focusing on transcription factors, epigenetic regulators, metabolites, and non-coding RNAs. We further discuss the intercellular and inter-organ crosstalk that regulate thermogenesis, considering the heterogeneity and complex tissue microenvironment of thermogenic fat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cuihua Wang
- GMU-GIBH Joint School of Life Sciences, The Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Joint Laboratory for Cell Fate Regulation and Diseases, Guangzhou Laboratory, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangdong, China
| | - Xianju Wang
- GMU-GIBH Joint School of Life Sciences, The Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Joint Laboratory for Cell Fate Regulation and Diseases, Guangzhou Laboratory, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenxiang Hu
- GMU-GIBH Joint School of Life Sciences, The Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Joint Laboratory for Cell Fate Regulation and Diseases, Guangzhou Laboratory, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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Ricci M, De Feo MS, Granese GM, Frantellizzi V, Carabellese B, Lubrano E, Cimini A. 18F-FDG PET/CT technology for the assessment of brown adipose tissue: an updated review. Expert Rev Med Devices 2023; 20:1143-1156. [PMID: 37965719 DOI: 10.1080/17434440.2023.2283618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This review provides an update of 18 F-fluorodeoxyglucose ([18F] FDG) for Brown adipose tissue (BAT) activity quantification, whose role is not completely understood. AREAS COVERED We conducted an unstructured search of the literature for any studies employing the [18F] FDG PET in BAT assessment. We explored BAT quantification both in healthy individuals and in different pathologies, after cold exposure and as a metabolic biomarker. The assessment of possible BAT modulators by using [18F] FDG PET is shown. Further PET tracers and novel developments for BAT assessments are also described. EXPERT OPINION Further PET tracers and imaging modalities are under investigation, but the [18F] FDG PET is currently the method of choice for the evaluation of BAT and further multicentric trials are needed for a better understanding of the BAT physiopathology, also after cold stimuli. The modulation of BAT activity, assessed by [18F] FDG PET imaging, seems a promising tool for the management of conditions such as obesity and type 2 diabetes. Moreover, an interesting possible correlation of BAT activation with prognostic [18F] FDG PET indices in cancer patients should be assessed with further multicentric trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Ricci
- Nuclear Medicine Unit, Cardarelli Hospital, Campobasso, Italy
| | - Maria Silvia De Feo
- Department of Radiological Sciences Oncology and Anatomo-Pathology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Giorgia Maria Granese
- Department of Radiological Sciences Oncology and Anatomo-Pathology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Viviana Frantellizzi
- Department of Radiological Sciences Oncology and Anatomo-Pathology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Ennio Lubrano
- Dipartimento di Medicina e Scienze della Salute, Università degli Studi del Molise, Italy
- Department of Development and Regeneration, Skeletal Biology and Engineering Research Center, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Andrea Cimini
- Nuclear Medicine Unit, St. Salvatore Hospital, L'Aquila, Italy
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Liu L, Wess J. Adipocyte G Protein-Coupled Receptors as Potential Targets for Novel Antidiabetic Drugs. Diabetes 2023; 72:825-834. [PMID: 37339353 PMCID: PMC10281224 DOI: 10.2337/db23-0095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/22/2023]
Abstract
The functional state of adipocytes plays a central role in regulating numerous important metabolic functions, including energy and glucose homeostasis. While white adipocytes store excess calories as fat (triglycerides) and release free fatty acids as a fuel source in times of need, brown and beige adipocytes (so-called thermogenic adipocytes) convert chemical energy stored in substrates (e.g., fatty acids or glucose) into heat, thus promoting energy expenditure. Like all other cell types, adipocytes express many G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) that are linked to four major functional classes of heterotrimeric G proteins (Gs, Gi/o, Gq/11, and G12/13). During the past few years, novel experimental approaches, including the use of chemogenetic strategies, have led to a series of important new findings regarding the metabolic consequences of activating or inhibiting distinct GPCR/G protein signaling pathways in white, brown, and beige adipocytes. This novel information should guide the development of novel drugs capable of modulating the activity of specific adipocyte GPCR signaling pathways for the treatment of obesity, type 2 diabetes, and related metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liu Liu
- Molecular Signaling Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Bethesda, MD
| | - Jürgen Wess
- Molecular Signaling Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Bethesda, MD
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Klein Hazebroek M, Laterveer R, Kutschke M, Ramšak Marčeta V, Barthem CS, Keipert S. Hyperphagia of female UCP1-deficient mice blunts anti-obesity effects of FGF21. Sci Rep 2023; 13:10288. [PMID: 37355753 PMCID: PMC10290677 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-37264-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Increasing energy expenditure through uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) activity in thermogenic adipose tissue is widely investigated to correct diet-induced obesity (DIO). Paradoxically, UCP1-deficient male mice are resistant to DIO at room temperature. Recently, we uncovered a key role for fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21), a promising drug target for treatment of metabolic disease, in this phenomenon. As the metabolic action of FGF21 is so far understudied in females, we aim to investigate potential sexual dimorphisms. Here, we confirm that male UCP1 KO mice display resistance to DIO in mild cold, without significant changes in metabolic parameters. Surprisingly, females gained the same amount of body fat as WT controls. Molecular regulation was similar between UCP1 KO males and females, with an upregulation of serum FGF21, coinciding with beiging of inguinal white adipose tissue and induced lipid metabolism. While energy expenditure did not display significant differences, UCP1 KO females significantly increased their food intake. Altogether, our results indicate that hyperphagia is likely counteracting the beneficial effects of FGF21 in female mice. This underlines the importance of sex-specific studies in (pre)clinical research for personalized drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marlou Klein Hazebroek
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, 106 91, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Rutger Laterveer
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, 106 91, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Maria Kutschke
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, 106 91, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Vida Ramšak Marčeta
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, 106 91, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Clarissa S Barthem
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, 106 91, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Susanne Keipert
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, 106 91, Stockholm, Sweden.
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22
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Wang S, Liu Y, Chen J, He Y, Ma W, Liu X, Sun X. Effects of multi-organ crosstalk on the physiology and pathology of adipose tissue. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1198984. [PMID: 37383400 PMCID: PMC10293893 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1198984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023] Open
Abstract
In previous studies, adipocytes were found to play an important role in regulating whole-body nutrition and energy balance, and are also important in energy metabolism, hormone secretion, and immune regulation. Different adipocytes have different contributions to the body, with white adipocytes primarily storing energy and brown adipocytes producing heat. Recently discovered beige adipocytes, which have characteristics in between white and brown adipocytes, also have the potential to produce heat. Adipocytes interact with other cells in the microenvironment to promote blood vessel growth and immune and neural network interactions. Adipose tissue plays an important role in obesity, metabolic syndrome, and type 2 diabetes. Dysfunction in adipose tissue endocrine and immune regulation can cause and promote the occurrence and development of related diseases. Adipose tissue can also secrete multiple cytokines, which can interact with organs; however, previous studies have not comprehensively summarized the interaction between adipose tissue and other organs. This article reviews the effect of multi-organ crosstalk on the physiology and pathology of adipose tissue, including interactions between the central nervous system, heart, liver, skeletal muscle, and intestines, as well as the mechanisms of adipose tissue in the development of various diseases and its role in disease treatment. It emphasizes the importance of a deeper understanding of these mechanisms for the prevention and treatment of related diseases. Determining these mechanisms has enormous potential for identifying new targets for treating diabetes, metabolic disorders, and cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sufen Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, The First Dongguan Affiliated Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
- Institute of Aging Research, School of Medical Technology, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Yifan Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, The First Dongguan Affiliated Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
- Institute of Aging Research, School of Medical Technology, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Jiaqi Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, The First Dongguan Affiliated Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
- Institute of Aging Research, School of Medical Technology, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Yuejing He
- Clinical Laboratory, Dongguan Eighth People’s Hospital, Dongguan, China
| | - Wanrui Ma
- Department of General Medicine, The First Dongguan Affiliated Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Xinguang Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, The First Dongguan Affiliated Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
- Institute of Aging Research, School of Medical Technology, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Xuerong Sun
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, The First Dongguan Affiliated Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
- Institute of Aging Research, School of Medical Technology, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
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23
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Zhao L, Zhou J, Chen J, Zhang X, Zhang H, Guo L, Li D, Ning J, Wang X, Jin W, Mai K, Abraham E, Butcher R, Sun J. A chemical signal that promotes insect survival via thermogenesis. RESEARCH SQUARE 2023:rs.3.rs-2756320. [PMID: 37214941 PMCID: PMC10197781 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-2756320/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Cold-activated thermogenesis of brown adipose tissues (BAT) is vital for the survival of animals under cold stress and also inhibits the development of tumours. The development of small-molecule tools that target thermogenesis pathways could lead to novel therapies against cold, obesity, and even cancer. Here, we identify a chemical signal that is produced in beetles in the winter to activate fat thermogenesis. This hormone elevates the basal body temperature by increasing cellular mitochondrial density and uncoupling in order to promote beetle survival. We demonstrate that this hormone activates UCP4- mediated uncoupled respiration through adipokinetic hormone receptor (AKHR). This signal serves as a novel fat-burning activator that utilizes a conserved mechanism to promote thermogenesis not only in beetles, nematode and flies, but also in mice, protecting the mice against cold and tumor growth. This hormone represents a new strategy to manipulate fat thermogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lilin Zhao
- Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences
| | - Jiao Zhou
- Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences
| | - Junxian Chen
- Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences
| | | | | | | | - Defeng Li
- Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences
| | - Jing Ning
- Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences
| | - Xinchen Wang
- Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences
| | - Wanzhu Jin
- Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences
| | - Kevin Mai
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida
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24
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Sun L, Laurila S, Lahesmaa M, Rebelos E, Virtanen KA, Schnabl K, Klingenspor M, Nummenmaa L, Nuutila P. Secretin modulates appetite via brown adipose tissue-brain axis. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2023; 50:1597-1606. [PMID: 36764966 PMCID: PMC10119257 DOI: 10.1007/s00259-023-06124-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 01/21/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Secretin activates brown adipose tissue (BAT) and induces satiation in both mice and humans. However, the exact brain mechanism of this satiety inducing, secretin-mediated gut-BAT-brain axis is largely unknown. METHODS AND RESULTS In this placebo-controlled, single-blinded neuroimaging study, firstly using [18F]-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) PET measures (n = 15), we established that secretin modulated brain glucose consumption through the BAT-brain axis. Predominantly, we found that BAT and caudate glucose uptake levels were negatively correlated (r = -0.54, p = 0.037) during secretin but not placebo condition. Then, using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI; n = 14), we found that secretin improved inhibitory control and downregulated the brain response to appetizing food images. Finally, in a PET-fMRI fusion analysis (n = 10), we disclosed the patterned correspondence between caudate glucose uptake and neuroactivity to reward and inhibition, showing that the secretin-induced neurometabolic coupling patterns promoted satiation. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that secretin may modulate the BAT-brain metabolic crosstalk and subsequently the neurometabolic coupling to induce satiation. The study advances our understanding of the secretin signaling in motivated eating behavior and highlights the potential role of secretin in treating eating disorders and obesity. TRIAL REGISTRATION EudraCT no. 2016-002373-35, registered 2 June 2016; Clinical Trials no. NCT03290846, registered 25 September 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihua Sun
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Pudong Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.
- Turku PET Centre, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland.
| | - Sanna Laurila
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Heart Center, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
- Department of Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Minna Lahesmaa
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Turku PET Centre, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Eleni Rebelos
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Turku PET Centre, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Kirsi A Virtanen
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Turku PET Centre, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
- Department of Endocrinology, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Katharina Schnabl
- Chair for Molecular Nutritional Medicine, Technical University of Munich, TUM School of Life Sciences, Freising, Germany
- EKFZ-Else Kröner Fresenius Center for Nutritional Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
- ZIEL-Institute for Food & Health, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Martin Klingenspor
- Chair for Molecular Nutritional Medicine, Technical University of Munich, TUM School of Life Sciences, Freising, Germany
- EKFZ-Else Kröner Fresenius Center for Nutritional Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
- ZIEL-Institute for Food & Health, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Lauri Nummenmaa
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Turku PET Centre, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
- Department of Psychology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Pirjo Nuutila
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Department of Endocrinology, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
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25
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Della Guardia L, Wang L. Fine particulate matter induces adipose tissue expansion and weight gain: Pathophysiology. Obes Rev 2023; 24:e13552. [PMID: 36700515 DOI: 10.1111/obr.13552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Revised: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Dysregulations in energy balance represent a major driver of obesity. Recent evidence suggests that environmental factors also play a pivotal role in inducing weight gain. Chronic exposure to fine particulate matter (PM2.5 ) is associated with white adipose tissue (WAT) expansion in animals and higher rates of obesity in humans. This review discusses metabolic adaptions in central and peripheral tissues that promote energy storage and WAT accumulation in PM2.5 -exposed animals and humans. Chronic PM2.5 exposure produces inflammation and leptin resistance in the hypothalamus, decreasing energy expenditure and increasing food intake. PM2.5 promotes the conversion of brown adipocytes toward the white phenotype, resulting in decreased energy expenditure. The development of inflammation in WAT can stimulate adipogenesis and hampers catecholamine-induced lipolysis. PM2.5 exposure affects the thyroid, reducing the release of thyroxine and tetraiodothyronine. In addition, PM2.5 exposure compromises skeletal muscle fitness by inhibiting Nitric oxide (NO)-dependent microvessel dilation and impairing mitochondrial oxidative capacity, with negative effects on energy expenditure. This evidence suggests that pathological alterations in the hypothalamus, brown adipose tissue, WAT, thyroid, and skeletal muscle can alter energy homeostasis, increasing lipid storage and weight gain in PM2.5 -exposed animals and humans. Further studies will enrich this pathophysiological model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucio Della Guardia
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Ling Wang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Environmental and Health Effects of Persistent Toxic Substances, School of Environment and Health, Jianghan University, Wuhan, China
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26
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Thermogenic Capacity of Human Supraclavicular Brown Fat and Cold-Stimulated Brain Glucose Metabolism. Metabolites 2023; 13:metabo13030387. [PMID: 36984827 PMCID: PMC10055954 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13030387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Human brain metabolism is susceptible to temperature changes. It has been suggested that the supraclavicular brown adipose tissue (BAT) protects the brain from these fluctuations by regulating heat production through the presence of uncoupling protein 1 (UCP-1). It remains unsolved whether inter-individual variation in the expression of UCP-1, which represents the thermogenic capacity of the supraclavicular BAT, is linked with brain metabolism during cold stress. Ten healthy human participants underwent 18F-FDG PET scanning of the brain under cold stimulus to determine brain glucose uptake (BGU). On a separate day, an excision biopsy of the supraclavicular fat—the fat proximal to the carotid arteries supplying the brain with warm blood—was performed to determine the mRNA expression of the thermogenic protein UCP-1. Expression of UCP-1 in supraclavicular BAT was directly related to the whole brain glucose uptake rate determined under cold stimulation (rho = 0.71, p = 0.03). In sub-compartmental brain analysis, UCP-1 expression in supraclavicular BAT was directly related to cold-stimulated glucose uptake rates in the hypothalamus, medulla, midbrain, limbic system, frontal lobe, occipital lobe, and parietal lobe (all rho ≥ 0.67, p < 0.05). These relationships were independent of body mass index and age. When analysing gene expressions of BAT secretome, we found a positive correlation between cold-stimulated BGU and DIO2. These findings provide evidence of functional links between brain metabolism under cold stimulation and UCP-1 and DIO2 expressions in BAT in humans. More research is needed to evaluate the importance of these findings in clinical outcomes, for instance, in examining the supporting role of BAT in cognitive functions under cold stress.
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27
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Abstract
Brown adipose tissue (BAT) displays the unique capacity to generate heat through uncoupled oxidative phosphorylation that makes it a very attractive therapeutic target for cardiometabolic diseases. Here, we review BAT cellular metabolism, its regulation by the central nervous and endocrine systems and circulating metabolites, the plausible roles of this tissue in human thermoregulation, energy balance, and cardiometabolic disorders, and the current knowledge on its pharmacological stimulation in humans. The current definition and measurement of BAT in human studies relies almost exclusively on BAT glucose uptake from positron emission tomography with 18F-fluorodeoxiglucose, which can be dissociated from BAT thermogenic activity, as for example in insulin-resistant states. The most important energy substrate for BAT thermogenesis is its intracellular fatty acid content mobilized from sympathetic stimulation of intracellular triglyceride lipolysis. This lipolytic BAT response is intertwined with that of white adipose (WAT) and other metabolic tissues, and cannot be independently stimulated with the drugs tested thus far. BAT is an interesting and biologically plausible target that has yet to be fully and selectively activated to increase the body's thermogenic response and shift energy balance. The field of human BAT research is in need of methods able to directly, specifically, and reliably measure BAT thermogenic capacity while also tracking the related thermogenic responses in WAT and other tissues. Until this is achieved, uncertainty will remain about the role played by this fascinating tissue in human cardiometabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- André C Carpentier
- Correspondence: André C. Carpentier, MD, Division of Endocrinology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sherbrooke, 3001, 12th Ave N, Sherbrooke, Quebec, J1H 5N4, Canada.
| | - Denis P Blondin
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier universitaire de Sherbrooke, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, J1H 5N4, Canada
| | | | - Denis Richard
- Centre de recherche de l’Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec, Université Laval, Quebec City, Quebec, G1V 4G5, Canada
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28
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Kreissl FK, Banki MA, Droujinine IA. Molecular methods to study protein trafficking between organs. Proteomics 2023; 23:e2100331. [PMID: 36478633 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.202100331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Interorgan communication networks are key regulators of organismal homeostasis, and their dysregulation is associated with a variety of pathologies. While mass spectrometry proteomics identifies circulating proteins and can correlate their abundance with disease phenotypes, the tissues of origin and destinations of these secreted proteins remain largely unknown. In vitro approaches to study protein secretion are valuable, however, they may not mimic the complexity of in vivo environments. More recently, the development of engineered promiscuous BirA* biotin ligase derivatives has enabled tissue-specific tagging of cellular secreted proteomes in vivo. The use of biotin as a molecular tag provides information on the tissue of origin and destination, and enables the enrichment of low-abundance hormone proteins. Therefore, promiscuous protein biotinylation is a valuable tool to study protein secretion in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix K Kreissl
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Scripps Research, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Michael A Banki
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Scripps Research, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Ilia A Droujinine
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Scripps Research, La Jolla, California, USA
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29
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Fasoula NA, Karlas A, Prokopchuk O, Katsouli N, Bariotakis M, Liapis E, Goetz A, Kallmayer M, Reber J, Novotny A, Friess H, Ringelhan M, Schmid R, Eckstein HH, Hofmann S, Ntziachristos V. Non-invasive multispectral optoacoustic tomography resolves intrahepatic lipids in patients with hepatic steatosis. PHOTOACOUSTICS 2023; 29:100454. [PMID: 36794122 PMCID: PMC9922962 DOI: 10.1016/j.pacs.2023.100454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Hepatic steatosis is characterized by intrahepatic lipid accumulation and may lead to irreversible liver damage if untreated. Here, we investigate whether multispectral optoacoustic tomography (MSOT) can offer label-free detection of liver lipid content to enable non-invasive characterization of hepatic steatosis by analyzing the spectral region around 930 nm, where lipids characteristically absorb. In a pilot study, we apply MSOT to measure liver and surrounding tissues in five patients with liver steatosis and five healthy volunteers, revealing significantly higher absorptions at 930 nm in the patients, while no significant difference was observed in the subcutaneous adipose tissue of the two groups. We further corroborated the human observations with corresponding MSOT measurements in high fat diet (HFD) - and regular chow diet (CD)-fed mice. This study introduces MSOT as a potential non-invasive and portable technique for detecting/monitoring hepatic steatosis in clinical settings, providing justification for larger studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolina-Alexia Fasoula
- Chair of Biological Imaging at the Central Institute for Translational Cancer Research (TranslaTUM), School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Germany
- Institute of Biological and Medical Imaging, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Angelos Karlas
- Chair of Biological Imaging at the Central Institute for Translational Cancer Research (TranslaTUM), School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Germany
- Institute of Biological and Medical Imaging, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
- Department for Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - Olga Prokopchuk
- Department of Visceral Surgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Munich, Germany
| | - Nikoletta Katsouli
- Chair of Biological Imaging at the Central Institute for Translational Cancer Research (TranslaTUM), School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Germany
- Institute of Biological and Medical Imaging, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Michail Bariotakis
- Chair of Biological Imaging at the Central Institute for Translational Cancer Research (TranslaTUM), School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Germany
- Institute of Biological and Medical Imaging, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Evangelos Liapis
- Chair of Biological Imaging at the Central Institute for Translational Cancer Research (TranslaTUM), School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Germany
- Institute of Biological and Medical Imaging, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Anna Goetz
- Institute for Diabetes and Regeneration Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Michael Kallmayer
- Department for Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Josefine Reber
- Chair of Biological Imaging at the Central Institute for Translational Cancer Research (TranslaTUM), School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Germany
- Institute of Biological and Medical Imaging, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Alexander Novotny
- Department of Visceral Surgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Munich, Germany
| | - Helmut Friess
- Department of Visceral Surgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Munich, Germany
| | - Marc Ringelhan
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Roland Schmid
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Hans-Henning Eckstein
- Department for Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - Susanna Hofmann
- Institute for Diabetes and Regeneration Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine IV, Klinikum der Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Vasilis Ntziachristos
- Chair of Biological Imaging at the Central Institute for Translational Cancer Research (TranslaTUM), School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Germany
- Institute of Biological and Medical Imaging, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
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30
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Meng JJ, Shen JW, Li G, Ouyang CJ, Hu JX, Li ZS, Zhao H, Shi YM, Zhang M, Liu R, Chen JT, Ma YQ, Zhao H, Xue T. Light modulates glucose metabolism by a retina-hypothalamus-brown adipose tissue axis. Cell 2023; 186:398-412.e17. [PMID: 36669474 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2022.12.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Revised: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Public health studies indicate that artificial light is a high-risk factor for metabolic disorders. However, the neural mechanism underlying metabolic modulation by light remains elusive. Here, we found that light can acutely decrease glucose tolerance (GT) in mice by activation of intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells (ipRGCs) innervating the hypothalamic supraoptic nucleus (SON). Vasopressin neurons in the SON project to the paraventricular nucleus, then to the GABAergic neurons in the solitary tract nucleus, and eventually to brown adipose tissue (BAT). Light activation of this neural circuit directly blocks adaptive thermogenesis in BAT, thereby decreasing GT. In humans, light also modulates GT at the temperature where BAT is active. Thus, our work unveils a retina-SON-BAT axis that mediates the effect of light on glucose metabolism, which may explain the connection between artificial light and metabolic dysregulation, suggesting a potential prevention and treatment strategy for managing glucose metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Jun Meng
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, CAS Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, Biomedical Sciences and Health Laboratory of Anhui Province, School of Life Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Jia-Wei Shen
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, CAS Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, Biomedical Sciences and Health Laboratory of Anhui Province, School of Life Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Guang Li
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, CAS Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, Biomedical Sciences and Health Laboratory of Anhui Province, School of Life Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Chang-Jie Ouyang
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, CAS Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, Biomedical Sciences and Health Laboratory of Anhui Province, School of Life Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Jia-Xi Hu
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, CAS Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, Biomedical Sciences and Health Laboratory of Anhui Province, School of Life Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Zi-Shuo Li
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, CAS Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, Biomedical Sciences and Health Laboratory of Anhui Province, School of Life Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Hang Zhao
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, CAS Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, Biomedical Sciences and Health Laboratory of Anhui Province, School of Life Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Yi-Ming Shi
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, CAS Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, Biomedical Sciences and Health Laboratory of Anhui Province, School of Life Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Mei Zhang
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, CAS Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, Biomedical Sciences and Health Laboratory of Anhui Province, School of Life Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Rong Liu
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, CAS Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, Biomedical Sciences and Health Laboratory of Anhui Province, School of Life Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Ju-Tao Chen
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, CAS Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, Biomedical Sciences and Health Laboratory of Anhui Province, School of Life Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Yu-Qian Ma
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, CAS Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, Biomedical Sciences and Health Laboratory of Anhui Province, School of Life Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Huan Zhao
- College of Biology, Food and Environment, Hefei University, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Tian Xue
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, CAS Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, Biomedical Sciences and Health Laboratory of Anhui Province, School of Life Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China; Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China.
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31
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Saito M, Okamatsu-Ogura Y. Thermogenic Brown Fat in Humans: Implications in Energy Homeostasis, Obesity and Metabolic Disorders. World J Mens Health 2023:41.e26. [PMID: 36792089 DOI: 10.5534/wjmh.220224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
In mammals including humans, there are two types of adipose tissue, white and brown adipose tissues (BATs). White adipose tissue is the primary site of energy storage, while BAT is a specialized tissue for non-shivering thermogenesis to dissipate energy as heat. Although BAT research has long been limited mostly in small rodents, the rediscovery of metabolically active BAT in adult humans has dramatically promoted the translational studies on BAT in health and diseases. It is now established that BAT, through its thermogenic and energy dissipating activities, plays a role in the regulation of body temperature, whole-body energy expenditure, and body fatness. Moreover, increasing evidence has demonstrated that BAT secretes various paracrine and endocrine factors, which influence other peripheral tissues and control systemic metabolic homeostasis, suggesting BAT as a metabolic regulator, other than for thermogenesis. In fact, clinical studies have revealed an association of BAT not only with metabolic disorders such as insulin resistance, diabetes, dyslipidemia, and fatty liver, but also with cardiovascular diseases including hypertension and atherosclerosis. Thus, BAT is an intriguing tissue combating obesity and related metabolic diseases. In this review, we summarize current knowledge on human BAT, focusing its patho-physiological roles in energy homeostasis, obesity and related metabolic disorders. The effects of aging and sex on BAT are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masayuki Saito
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.
| | - Yuko Okamatsu-Ogura
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
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Sun L, Aarnio R, Herre EA, Kärnä S, Palani S, Virtanen H, Liljenbäck H, Virta J, Honkaniemi A, Oikonen V, Han C, Laurila S, Bucci M, Helin S, Yatkin E, Nummenmaa L, Nuutila P, Tang J, Roivainen A. [ 11C]carfentanil PET imaging for studying the peripheral opioid system in vivo: effect of photoperiod on mu-opioid receptor availability in brown adipose tissue. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2023; 50:266-274. [PMID: 36166079 PMCID: PMC9816189 DOI: 10.1007/s00259-022-05969-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Photoperiod determines the metabolic activity of brown adipose tissue (BAT) and affects the food intake and body mass of mammals. Sympathetic innervation of the BAT controls thermogenesis and facilitates physiological adaption to seasonal changes, but the exact mechanism remains elusive. Previous studies have shown that central opioid signaling regulates BAT thermogenesis, and that the expression of the brain mu-opioid receptor (MOR) varies seasonally. Therefore, it is important to know whether MOR expression in BAT shows seasonal variation. METHODS We determined the effect of photoperiod on BAT MOR availability using [11C]carfentanil positron emission tomography (PET). Adult rats (n = 9) were repeatedly imaged under various photoperiods in order to simulate seasonal changes. RESULTS Long photoperiod was associated with low MOR expression in BAT (β = - 0.04, 95% confidence interval: - 0.07, - 0.01), but not in muscles. We confirmed the expression of MOR in BAT and muscle using immunofluorescence staining. CONCLUSION Photoperiod affects MOR availability in BAT. Sympathetic innervation of BAT may influence thermogenesis via the peripheral MOR system. The present study supports the utility of [11C]carfentanil PET to study the peripheral MOR system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihua Sun
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, 20520, Turku, Finland.
| | - Richard Aarnio
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, 20520, Turku, Finland
| | - Erika Atencio Herre
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, 20520, Turku, Finland
| | - Salli Kärnä
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, 20520, Turku, Finland
| | - Senthil Palani
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, 20520, Turku, Finland
| | - Helena Virtanen
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, 20520, Turku, Finland
| | - Heidi Liljenbäck
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, 20520, Turku, Finland
- Turku Center for Disease Modeling, University of Turku, 20520, Turku, Finland
| | - Jenni Virta
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, 20520, Turku, Finland
| | - Aake Honkaniemi
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, 20520, Turku, Finland
| | - Vesa Oikonen
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, 20520, Turku, Finland
| | - Chunlei Han
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, 20520, Turku, Finland
| | - Sanna Laurila
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, 20520, Turku, Finland
- Heart Center, Turku University Hospital, 20520, Turku, Finland
| | - Marco Bucci
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, 20520, Turku, Finland
- Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Center for Alzheimer Research, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institute, 17177, Stockholm, Sweden
- Theme Inflammation and Aging, Karolinska University Hospital, 14186, Stockholm, Sweden
- Turku PET Centre, Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
| | - Semi Helin
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, 20520, Turku, Finland
| | - Emrah Yatkin
- Central Animal Laboratory, University of Turku, 20520, Turku, Finland
| | - Lauri Nummenmaa
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, 20520, Turku, Finland
- Department of Psychology, University of Turku, 20520, Turku, Finland
| | - Pirjo Nuutila
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, 20520, Turku, Finland
- Department of Endocrinology, Turku University Hospital, 20520, Turku, Finland
- InFLAMES Research Flagship Center, University of Turku, 20520, Turku, Finland
| | - Jing Tang
- Research Program in Systems Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, 00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Anne Roivainen
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, 20520, Turku, Finland
- Turku Center for Disease Modeling, University of Turku, 20520, Turku, Finland
- InFLAMES Research Flagship Center, University of Turku, 20520, Turku, Finland
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Koçberber Z, Willemsen N, Bartelt A. The role of proteasome activators PA28αβ and PA200 in brown adipocyte differentiation and function. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1176733. [PMID: 37201100 PMCID: PMC10187037 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1176733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Brown adipocytes produce heat through non shivering thermogenesis (NST). To adapt to temperature cues, they possess a remarkably dynamic metabolism and undergo substantial cellular remodeling. The proteasome plays a central role in proteostasis and adaptive proteasome activity is required for sustained NST. Proteasome activators (PAs) are a class of proteasome regulators but the role of PAs in brown adipocytes is unknown. Here, we studied the roles of PA28α (encoded by Psme1) and PA200 (encoded by Psme4) in brown adipocyte differentiation and function. Methods We measured gene expression in mouse brown adipose tissue. In cultured brown adipocytes, we silenced Psme1 and/or Psme4 expression through siRNA transfection. We then assessed impact on the ubiquitin proteasome system, brown adipocyte differentiation and function. Results We found that Psme1 and Psme4 are expressed in brown adipocytes in vivo and in vitro. Through silencing of Psme1 and/or Psme4 expression in cultured brown adipocytes, we found that loss of PAs did not impair proteasome assembly or activity, and that PAs were not required for proteostasis in this model. Loss of Psme1 and/or Psme4 did not impair brown adipocyte development or activation, suggesting that PAs are neither required for brown adipogenesis nor NST. Discussion In summary, we found no role for Psme1 and Psme4 in brown adipocyte proteostasis, differentiation, or function. These findings contribute to our basic understanding of proteasome biology and the roles of proteasome activators in brown adipocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeynep Koçberber
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Nienke Willemsen
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Alexander Bartelt
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research, Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Hospital, Munich, Germany
- Institute for Diabetes and Cancer (IDC), Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- Department of Molecular Metabolism and Sabri Ülker Center for Metabolic Research, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States
- *Correspondence: Alexander Bartelt,
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Shin KC, Huh JY, Ji Y, Han JS, Han SM, Park J, Nahmgoong H, Lee WT, Jeon YG, Kim B, Park C, Kang H, Choe SS, Kim JB. VLDL-VLDLR axis facilitates brown fat thermogenesis through replenishment of lipid fuels and PPARβ/δ activation. Cell Rep 2022; 41:111806. [PMID: 36516764 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.111806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Revised: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
In mammals, brown adipose tissue (BAT) is specialized to conduct non-shivering thermogenesis for survival under cold acclimation. Although emerging evidence suggests that lipid metabolites are essential for heat generation in cold-activated BAT, the underlying mechanisms of lipid uptake in BAT have not been thoroughly understood. Here, we show that very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) uptaken by VLDL receptor (VLDLR) plays important roles in thermogenic execution in BAT. Compared with wild-type mice, VLDLR knockout mice exhibit impaired thermogenic features. Mechanistically, VLDLR-mediated VLDL uptake provides energy sources for mitochondrial oxidation via lysosomal processing, subsequently enhancing thermogenic activity in brown adipocytes. Moreover, the VLDL-VLDLR axis potentiates peroxisome proliferator activated receptor (PPAR)β/δ activity with thermogenic gene expression in BAT. Accordingly, VLDL-induced thermogenic capacity is attenuated in brown-adipocyte-specific PPARβ/δ knockout mice. Collectively, these data suggest that the VLDL-VLDLR axis in brown adipocytes is a key factor for thermogenic execution during cold exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyung Cheul Shin
- Center for Adipocyte Structure and Function, Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Jin Young Huh
- Center for Adipocyte Structure and Function, Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Yul Ji
- Center for Adipocyte Structure and Function, Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Ji Seul Han
- Center for Adipocyte Structure and Function, Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Sang Mun Han
- Center for Adipocyte Structure and Function, Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Jeu Park
- Center for Adipocyte Structure and Function, Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Hahn Nahmgoong
- Center for Adipocyte Structure and Function, Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Won Taek Lee
- Center for Adipocyte Structure and Function, Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Yong Geun Jeon
- Center for Adipocyte Structure and Function, Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Bohyeon Kim
- Center for Adipocyte Structure and Function, Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Chanyoon Park
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Genetic Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Heonjoong Kang
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Genetic Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea; School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Genetic Engineering, Research Institute of Oceanography, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Sung Sik Choe
- Center for Adipocyte Structure and Function, Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Jae Bum Kim
- Center for Adipocyte Structure and Function, Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea.
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Wang Y, Li T, Liu Y, Yang C, Liu L, Zhang X, Yang X. Heimao tea polysaccharides ameliorate obesity by enhancing gut microbiota-dependent adipocytes thermogenesis in mice fed with high fat diet. Food Funct 2022; 13:13014-13027. [PMID: 36449351 DOI: 10.1039/d2fo02415b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Heimao tea (HMT) is a kind of fermented dark tea that has various health benefits. However, the available information regarding the anti-obesity effect of HMT and its active ingredients is still limited. Herein, we extracted the polysaccharides from Heimao tea (HMTP) and evaluated the anti-obesity effect and the underlying mechanism of HMTP. 12-Week administration of HMTP ameliorated lipid accumulation in the adipose tissue and improved glucolipid metabolism in high-fat diet (HFD)-fed mice. HMTP also induced browning of inguinal white adipose tissue (iWAT) and enhanced the thermogenic activity of interscapular brown adipose tissue (iBAT) by upregulating the expression of a series of thermogenic genes, such as Ucp1, Prdm16, and Pgc1α. Interestingly, the anti-obesity effect of HMTP was closely associated with altered relative abundance of the gut microbes, especially Dubosiella and Romboutsia, with significant increases, in which the abundance of Dubosiella and Romboutsia was negatively correlated with the body weight (r = -0.567, p < 0.05; r = -0.407, p < 0.05) and positively correlated with the iBAT index (r = 0.520, p < 0.05; r = 0.315, p < 0.05). Our data suggest that the alteration of the gut microbiota may play a critical role in HMTP-induced iWAT browning and iBAT activation, and our findings may provide a promising way for preventing obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Wang
- Shaanxi Engineering Laboratory for Food Green Processing and Safety Control, and Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Hazard Factors Assessment in Processing and Storage of Agricultural Products, College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China.
| | - Ting Li
- Shaanxi Engineering Laboratory for Food Green Processing and Safety Control, and Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Hazard Factors Assessment in Processing and Storage of Agricultural Products, College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China.
| | - Yueyue Liu
- Shaanxi Engineering Laboratory for Food Green Processing and Safety Control, and Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Hazard Factors Assessment in Processing and Storage of Agricultural Products, College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China.
| | - Chengcheng Yang
- Shaanxi Engineering Laboratory for Food Green Processing and Safety Control, and Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Hazard Factors Assessment in Processing and Storage of Agricultural Products, College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China.
| | - Lei Liu
- Shaanxi Engineering Laboratory for Food Green Processing and Safety Control, and Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Hazard Factors Assessment in Processing and Storage of Agricultural Products, College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China.
| | - Xiangnan Zhang
- Shaanxi Engineering Laboratory for Food Green Processing and Safety Control, and Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Hazard Factors Assessment in Processing and Storage of Agricultural Products, College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China.
| | - Xingbin Yang
- Shaanxi Engineering Laboratory for Food Green Processing and Safety Control, and Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Hazard Factors Assessment in Processing and Storage of Agricultural Products, College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China.
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36
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Brain-to-BAT - and Back?: Crosstalk between the Central Nervous System and Thermogenic Adipose Tissue in Development and Therapy of Obesity. Brain Sci 2022; 12:brainsci12121646. [PMID: 36552107 PMCID: PMC9775239 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci12121646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The body of mammals harbors two distinct types of adipose tissue: while cells within the white adipose tissue (WAT) store surplus energy as lipids, brown adipose tissue (BAT) is nowadays recognized as the main tissue for transforming chemical energy into heat. This process, referred to as 'non-shivering thermogenesis', is facilitated by the uncoupling of the electron transport across mitochondrial membranes from ATP production. BAT-dependent thermogenesis acts as a safeguarding mechanism under reduced ambient temperature but also plays a critical role in metabolic and energy homeostasis in health and disease. In this review, we summarize the evolutionary structure, function and regulation of the BAT organ under neuronal and hormonal control and discuss its mutual interaction with the central nervous system. We conclude by conceptualizing how better understanding the multifaceted communicative links between the brain and BAT opens avenues for novel therapeutic approaches to treat obesity and related metabolic disorders.
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Zhang F, Mak SOK, Liu Y, Ke Y, Rao F, Yung WH, Zhang L, Chow BKC. Secretin receptor deletion in the subfornical organ attenuates the activation of excitatory neurons under dehydration. Curr Biol 2022; 32:4832-4841.e5. [PMID: 36220076 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2022.09.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2022] [Revised: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
In mammals, thirst is strongly influenced by the subfornical organ (SFO), a forebrain structure that integrates circulating signals including osmotic pressure and sodium contents. Secretin (SCT), a classical gastrointestinal hormone, has been implicated as a humoral factor regulating body-fluid homeostasis. However, the neural mechanism of secretin in the central nervous system in managing thirst remains unclear. In this study, we report that the local ablation of SCT receptor (SCTR) in the SFO reduces water but not salt intake in dehydrated mice and this effect could not be rescued by exogenous SCT administration. Electrophysiology with single-cell RT-PCR indicates that SCT elicits inward currents in the SFO neuronal nitric oxide synthase (SFOnNOS) neurons via SCTR in the presence of glutamate receptor antagonists. We further show that the SCTR in the SFO permits the activation of SFOnNOS neurons under distinct thirst types. Projection-specific gene deletion of SCTR in SFO to the median preoptic nucleus (MnPO) pathway also reduces water intake in dehydrated animals. SCT signaling thus plays an indispensable role in driving thirst. These data not only expand the functional boundaries of SCTR but also provide insights into the central mechanisms of homeostatic regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengwei Zhang
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Sarah O K Mak
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yuchu Liu
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ya Ke
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China; Gerald Choa Neuroscience Centre, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Feng Rao
- School of Life Sciences, Department of Biology, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Wing Ho Yung
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China; Gerald Choa Neuroscience Centre, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Li Zhang
- Key Laboratory of CNS Regeneration (Ministry of Education), GHM Institute of CNS Regeneration, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China; Neuroscience and Neurorehabilitation Institute, University of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Qingdao, China.
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Aita S, Matsushita M, Yoneshiro T, Hatano T, Kameya T, Ohkubo I, Saito M. Brown fat-associated postprandial thermogenesis in humans: Different effects of isocaloric meals rich in carbohydrate, fat, and protein. Front Nutr 2022; 9:1040444. [DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.1040444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The increase of whole-body energy expenditure seen after a single meal ingestion, referred to as diet-induced thermogenesis (DIT), substantially varies depending on the meal’s macronutrient composition. Brown adipose tissue (BAT), a site of non-shivering thermogenesis, was reported to be involved in DIT. To examine the effects of meal composition on BAT-associated DIT in humans, healthy male participants underwent fluorodeoxyglucose–positron emission tomography to assess BAT activity, and respiratory gas analysis for 2 h after ingestion of a carbohydrate-, protein-, or fat-rich meal (C-meal, P-meal, and F-meal, respectively). The calculated DIT at 2 h was 6.44 ± 2.01%, 3.49 ± 2.00%, and 2.32 ± 0.90% of the ingested energy after the P-meal, C-meal, and F-meal, respectively. The DIT after C-meal ingestion correlated positively with BAT activity (P = 0.011), and was approximately twice greater in the group with high-BAT activity than in the group with low-BAT activity (4.35 ± 1.74% vs. 2.12 ± 1.76%, P < 0.035). Conversely, the DIT after F-meal or P-meal ingestion did not correlate with BAT activity, with no difference between the two groups. Thus, BAT has a significant role in DIT after ingestion of a carbohydrate-rich meal, but hardly after ingestion either protein- or fat-rich meal.
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Begemann K, Oster H. Snack timing affects tissue clock and metabolic responses in male mice. Front Nutr 2022; 9:956641. [PMID: 36034915 PMCID: PMC9410699 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.956641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Snacking of small quantities of palatable food items throughout the day is common in modern societies and is promoted by 24/7 lifestyles. Long-term mistimed high-caloric food intake disrupts endogenous circadian rhythms and supports the development of obesity and other metabolic disorders. However, less is known about the time-of-day dependent effects of snacking. We hypothesized that already a single snacking episode may affect the circadian regulation of metabolic parameters, in particular when the snack is consumed during the daily rest phase. We performed an acute snack experiment in mice by providing access to chow or chocolate either at day- or nighttime and assessed snack effects on core body temperature, locomotor activity, and gene expression in metabolic tissues. Our results show that daytime chocolate snacking leads to a higher body temperature and locomotor activity increase compared to chow and nighttime intake. This goes along with altered clock and metabolic gene expression in peripheral tissues. Changes in nutrient uptake transporter gene expression in the small intestine suggest increased glucose resorption after daytime snacking. Our results indicate an early mechanism for the adipogenic effect of mistimed high-calorie snacking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly Begemann
- Institute of Neurobiology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.,Center of Brain, Behavior, and Metabolism, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Henrik Oster
- Institute of Neurobiology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.,Center of Brain, Behavior, and Metabolism, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
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40
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The Role and Regulatory Mechanism of Brown Adipose Tissue Activation in Diet-Induced Thermogenesis in Health and Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23169448. [PMID: 36012714 PMCID: PMC9408971 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23169448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Brown adipose tissue (BAT) has been considered a vital organ in response to non-shivering adaptive thermogenesis, which could be activated during cold exposure through the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) or under postprandial conditions contributing to diet-induced thermogenesis (DIT). Humans prefer to live within their thermal comfort or neutral zone with minimal energy expenditure created by wearing clothing, making shelters, or using an air conditioner to regulate their ambient temperature; thereby, DIT would become an important mechanism to counter-regulate energy intake and lipid accumulation. In addition, there has been a long interest in the intriguing possibility that a defect in DIT predisposes one to obesity and other metabolic diseases. Due to the recent advances in methodology to evaluate the functional activity of BAT and DIT, this updated review will focus on the role and regulatory mechanism of BAT biology in DIT in health and diseases and whether these mechanisms are applicable to humans.
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Huang Y, Chen H, Zhang K, Lu Y, Wu Q, Chen J, Li Y, Wu Q, Chen Y. Extraction, purification, structural characterization, and gut microbiota relationship of polysaccharides: A review. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 213:967-986. [PMID: 35697165 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.06.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Revised: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Intestinal dysbiosis is one of the major causes of the occurrence of metabolic syndromes, such as obesity, diabetes, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, and cardiovascular diseases. Polysaccharide-based microbial therapeutic strategies have excellent potential in the treatment of metabolic syndromes, but the underlying regulatory mechanisms remain elusive. Identification of the internal regulatory mechanism of the gut microbiome and the interaction mechanisms involving bacteria and the host are essential to achieve precise control of the gut microbiome and obtain valuable clinical data. Polysaccharides cannot be directly digested; the behavior in the intestinal tract is considered a "bridge" between microbiota and host communication. To provide a relatively comprehensive reference for researchers in the field, we will discuss the polysaccharide extraction and purification processes and chemical and structural characteristics, focusing on the polysaccharides in gut microbiota through the immune system, gut-liver axis, gut-brain axis, energy axis interactions, and potential applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuzhe Huang
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, Anhui, China; Key Laboratory of Ecological Engineering and Biotechnology of Anhui Province and Anhui Key Laboratory of Modern Biomanufacturing, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Hao Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, Anhui, China; Key Laboratory of Ecological Engineering and Biotechnology of Anhui Province and Anhui Key Laboratory of Modern Biomanufacturing, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Kunfeng Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, Anhui, China; Key Laboratory of Ecological Engineering and Biotechnology of Anhui Province and Anhui Key Laboratory of Modern Biomanufacturing, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Yongming Lu
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, Anhui, China; Key Laboratory of Ecological Engineering and Biotechnology of Anhui Province and Anhui Key Laboratory of Modern Biomanufacturing, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Qianzheng Wu
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, Anhui, China; Key Laboratory of Ecological Engineering and Biotechnology of Anhui Province and Anhui Key Laboratory of Modern Biomanufacturing, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Jielin Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, Anhui, China; Key Laboratory of Ecological Engineering and Biotechnology of Anhui Province and Anhui Key Laboratory of Modern Biomanufacturing, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Yong Li
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, Anhui, China; Key Laboratory of Ecological Engineering and Biotechnology of Anhui Province and Anhui Key Laboratory of Modern Biomanufacturing, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Qingxi Wu
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, Anhui, China; Key Laboratory of Ecological Engineering and Biotechnology of Anhui Province and Anhui Key Laboratory of Modern Biomanufacturing, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Yan Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, Anhui, China; Key Laboratory of Ecological Engineering and Biotechnology of Anhui Province and Anhui Key Laboratory of Modern Biomanufacturing, Hefei, Anhui, China.
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Xue L, Sun J, Liu J, Hu C, Wu D, Nie C, Zhang K, Wang Y, Zhao L, Li X, Lu Y, Zhang L, Zhang D, Fan M, Qian H, Jiang H, Wong J, Li Y, Ying H, Chow BKC, Wang L, Li Y. Maternal secretin ameliorates obesity by promoting white adipose tissue browning in offspring. EMBO Rep 2022; 23:e54132. [PMID: 35652247 PMCID: PMC9253765 DOI: 10.15252/embr.202154132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2021] [Revised: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Our knowledge of the coordination of intergenerational inheritance and offspring metabolic reprogramming by gastrointestinal endocrine factors is largely unknown. Here, we showed that secretin (SCT), a brain-gut peptide, is downregulated by overnutrition in pregnant mice and women. More importantly, genetic loss of SCT in the maternal gut results in undesirable phenotypes developed in offspring including enhanced high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity and attenuated browning of inguinal white adipose tissue (iWAT). Mechanistically, loss of maternal SCT represses iWAT browning in offspring by a global change in genome methylation pattern through upregulation of DNMT1. SCT functions to facilitate ubiquitination and degradation of DNMT1 by activating AMPKα, which contributes to the observed alteration of DNMT1 in progeny. Lastly, we showed that SCT treatment during pregnancy can reduce the development of obesity and improve glucose tolerance and insulin resistance in offspring of HFD-fed females, suggesting that SCT may serve as a novel biomarker or a strategy for preventing metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lamei Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and TechnologySchool of Food Science and TechnologyJiangnan UniversityWuxiChina
| | - Juan Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and TechnologySchool of Food Science and TechnologyJiangnan UniversityWuxiChina
| | - Jinxin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and TechnologySchool of Food Science and TechnologyJiangnan UniversityWuxiChina
| | - Chaoping Hu
- Department of Neuromuscular DiseaseChildren’s Hospital of Fudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Dandan Wu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of StomatologyDepartment of Oral & Cranio‐maxillofacial ScienceShanghai 9th People's HospitalCollege of StomatologySchool of MedicineShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Chenzhipeng Nie
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and TechnologySchool of Food Science and TechnologyJiangnan UniversityWuxiChina
| | - Kuiliang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and TechnologySchool of Food Science and TechnologyJiangnan UniversityWuxiChina
| | - Yu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and TechnologySchool of Food Science and TechnologyJiangnan UniversityWuxiChina
| | - Lei Zhao
- Department of Neuromuscular DiseaseChildren’s Hospital of Fudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Xihua Li
- Department of Neuromuscular DiseaseChildren’s Hospital of Fudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Yan Lu
- Department of Endocrinology and MetabolismZhongshan HospitalFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Li Zhang
- Joint International Research Laboratory of CNS RegenerationGuangdong‐Hong Kong‐Macau Institute of CNS RegenerationJinan UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Duo Zhang
- Clinical and Experimental TherapeuticsCollege of PharmacyUniversity of Georgia and Charlie Norwood VA Medical CenterAugustaGAUSA
| | - Mingcong Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and TechnologySchool of Food Science and TechnologyJiangnan UniversityWuxiChina
| | - Haifeng Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and TechnologySchool of Food Science and TechnologyJiangnan UniversityWuxiChina
| | - Haowen Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug ResearchShanghai Institute of Materia MedicaChinese Academy of SciencesShanghaiChina
| | - Jiemin Wong
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory BiologyFengxian District Central Hospital‐ECNU Joint Center of Translational MedicineInstitute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life SciencesEast China Normal UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Yuying Li
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food SafetyShanghai Institutes for Biological SciencesChinese Academy of SciencesShanghaiChina
| | - Hao Ying
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food SafetyShanghai Institutes for Biological SciencesChinese Academy of SciencesShanghaiChina
| | - Billy KC Chow
- School of Biological SciencesUniversity of Hong KongHong KongChina
| | - Li Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and TechnologySchool of Food Science and TechnologyJiangnan UniversityWuxiChina
| | - Yan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and TechnologySchool of Food Science and TechnologyJiangnan UniversityWuxiChina
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Onogi Y, Ussar S. Regulatory networks determining substrate utilization in brown adipocytes. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2022; 33:493-506. [PMID: 35491296 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2022.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Revised: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Brown adipose tissue (BAT) is often considered as a sink for nutrients to generate heat. However, when the complex hormonal and nervous inputs and intracellular signaling networks regulating substrate utilization are considered, BAT appears much more as a tightly controlled rheostat, regulating body temperature and balancing circulating nutrient levels. Here we provide an overview of key regulatory circuits, including the diurnal rhythm, determining glucose, fatty acid, and amino acid utilization and the interdependency of these nutrients in thermogenesis. Moreover, we discuss additional factors mediating sympathetic BAT activation beyond β-adrenergic signaling and the limitations of glucose-based BAT activity measurements to foster a better understanding and interpretation of BAT activity data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuhiro Onogi
- RG Adipocytes & Metabolism, Institute for Diabetes & Obesity, Helmholtz Diabetes Center, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health GmbH, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764 Neuherberg, Germany.
| | - Siegfried Ussar
- RG Adipocytes & Metabolism, Institute for Diabetes & Obesity, Helmholtz Diabetes Center, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health GmbH, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; Department of Medicine, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany.
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Münzker J, Haase N, Till A, Sucher R, Haange SB, Nemetschke L, Gnad T, Jäger E, Chen J, Riede SJ, Chakaroun R, Massier L, Kovacs P, Ost M, Rolle-Kampczyk U, Jehmlich N, Weiner J, Heiker JT, Klöting N, Seeger G, Morawski M, Keitel V, Pfeifer A, von Bergen M, Heeren J, Krügel U, Fenske WK. Functional changes of the gastric bypass microbiota reactivate thermogenic adipose tissue and systemic glucose control via intestinal FXR-TGR5 crosstalk in diet-induced obesity. MICROBIOME 2022; 10:96. [PMID: 35739571 PMCID: PMC9229785 DOI: 10.1186/s40168-022-01264-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bariatric surgery remains the most effective therapy for adiposity reduction and remission of type 2 diabetes. Although different bariatric procedures associate with pronounced shifts in the gut microbiota, their functional role in the regulation of energetic and metabolic benefits achieved with the surgery are not clear. METHODS To evaluate the causal as well as the inherent therapeutic character of the surgery-altered gut microbiome in improved energy and metabolic control in diet-induced obesity, an antibiotic cocktail was used to eliminate the gut microbiota in diet-induced obese rats after gastric bypass surgery, and gastric bypass-shaped gut microbiota was transplanted into obese littermates. Thorough metabolic profiling was combined with omics technologies on samples collected from cecum and plasma to identify adaptions in gut microbiota-host signaling, which control improved energy balance and metabolic profile after surgery. RESULTS In this study, we first demonstrate that depletion of the gut microbiota largely reversed the beneficial effects of gastric bypass surgery on negative energy balance and improved glucolipid metabolism. Further, we show that the gastric bypass-shaped gut microbiota reduces adiposity in diet-induced obese recipients by re-activating energy expenditure from metabolic active brown adipose tissue. These beneficial effects were linked to improved glucose homeostasis, lipid control, and improved fatty liver disease. Mechanistically, these effects were triggered by modulation of taurine metabolism by the gastric bypass gut microbiota, fostering an increased abundance of intestinal and circulating taurine-conjugated bile acid species. In turn, these bile acids activated gut-restricted FXR and systemic TGR5 signaling to stimulate adaptive thermogenesis. CONCLUSION Our results establish the role of the gut microbiome in the weight loss and metabolic success of gastric bypass surgery. We here identify a signaling cascade that entails altered bile acid receptor signaling resulting from a collective, hitherto undescribed change in the metabolic activity of a cluster of bacteria, thereby readjusting energy imbalance and metabolic disease in the obese host. These findings strengthen the rationale for microbiota-targeted strategies to improve and refine current therapies of obesity and metabolic syndrome. Video Abstract Bariatric Surgery (i.e. RYGB) or the repeated fecal microbiota transfer (FMT) from RYGB donors into DIO (diet-induced obesity) animals induces shifts in the intestinal microbiome, an effect that can be impaired by oral application of antibiotics (ABx). Our current study shows that RYGB-dependent alterations in the intestinal microbiome result in an increase in the luminal and systemic pool of Taurine-conjugated Bile acids (TCBAs) by various cellular mechanisms acting in the intestine and the liver. TCBAs induce signaling via two different receptors, farnesoid X receptor (FXR, specifically in the intestines) and the G-protein-coupled bile acid receptor TGR5 (systemically), finally resulting in metabolic improvement and advanced weight management. BSH, bile salt hydrolase; BAT brown adipose tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Münzker
- Medical Department III, Endocrinology, Nephrology, Rheumatology, University Hospital of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Nadine Haase
- Medical Department III, Endocrinology, Nephrology, Rheumatology, University Hospital of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Andreas Till
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University Medical Center Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Robert Sucher
- Department of Visceral-, Transplant-, Thoracic- and Vascular Surgery, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Sven-Bastiaan Haange
- Department of Molecular Systems Biology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research Leipzig-UFZ, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Linda Nemetschke
- Medical Department III, Endocrinology, Nephrology, Rheumatology, University Hospital of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Thorsten Gnad
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Hospital, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Elisabeth Jäger
- Medical Department III, Endocrinology, Nephrology, Rheumatology, University Hospital of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Department for Pathology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center Los Angeles, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Jiesi Chen
- Medical Department III, Endocrinology, Nephrology, Rheumatology, University Hospital of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Sjaak J Riede
- Medical Department III, Endocrinology, Nephrology, Rheumatology, University Hospital of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Rima Chakaroun
- Medical Department III, Endocrinology, Nephrology, Rheumatology, University Hospital of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Lucas Massier
- Medical Department III, Endocrinology, Nephrology, Rheumatology, University Hospital of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Peter Kovacs
- Medical Department III, Endocrinology, Nephrology, Rheumatology, University Hospital of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Mario Ost
- Department of Neuropathology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke (DIfE), Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Ulrike Rolle-Kampczyk
- Department of Molecular Systems Biology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research Leipzig-UFZ, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Nico Jehmlich
- Department of Molecular Systems Biology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research Leipzig-UFZ, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Juliane Weiner
- Medical Department III, Endocrinology, Nephrology, Rheumatology, University Hospital of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - John T Heiker
- Helmholtz Institute for Metabolic, Obesity and Vascular Research (HI-MAG) of the Helmholtz Zentrum München at the University of Leipzig and University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Nora Klöting
- Helmholtz Institute for Metabolic, Obesity and Vascular Research (HI-MAG) of the Helmholtz Zentrum München at the University of Leipzig and University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Gudrun Seeger
- Paul Flechsig Institute of Brain Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Markus Morawski
- Paul Flechsig Institute of Brain Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Verena Keitel
- Clinic for Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Alexander Pfeifer
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Hospital, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Martin von Bergen
- Department of Molecular Systems Biology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research Leipzig-UFZ, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Joerg Heeren
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ute Krügel
- Rudolf Boehm Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Wiebke K Fenske
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University Medical Center Bonn, Bonn, Germany.
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Kukačka J, Metz S, Dehner C, Muckenhuber A, Paul-Yuan K, Karlas A, Fallenberg EM, Rummeny E, Jüstel D, Ntziachristos V. Image processing improvements afford second-generation handheld optoacoustic imaging of breast cancer patients. PHOTOACOUSTICS 2022; 26:100343. [PMID: 35308306 PMCID: PMC8931444 DOI: 10.1016/j.pacs.2022.100343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Revised: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Since the initial breast transillumination almost a century ago, breast cancer imaging using light has been considered in different implementations aiming to improve diagnostics, minimize the number of available biopsies, or monitor treatment. However, due to strong photon scattering, conventional optical imaging yields low resolution images, challenging quantification and interpretation. Optoacoustic imaging addresses the scattering limitation and yields high-resolution visualization of optical contrast, offering great potential value for breast cancer imaging. Nevertheless, the image quality of experimental systems remains limited due to a number of factors, including signal attenuation with depth and partial view angle and motion effects, particularly in multi-wavelength measurements. METHODS We developed data analytics methods to improve the accuracy of handheld optoacoustic breast cancer imaging, yielding second-generation optoacoustic imaging performance operating in tandem with ultrasonography. RESULTS We produced the most advanced images yet with handheld optoacoustic examinations of the human breast and breast cancer, in terms of resolution and contrast. Using these advances, we examined optoacoustic markers of malignancy, including vasculature abnormalities, hypoxia, and inflammation, on images obtained from breast cancer patients. CONCLUSIONS We achieved a new level of quality for optoacoustic images from a handheld examination of the human breast, advancing the diagnostic and theranostic potential of the hybrid optoacoustic-ultrasound (OPUS) examination over routine ultrasonography.
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Key Words
- 2G-OPUS, 2nd generation Multispectral Optoacoustic-Ultrasound Tomography
- Breast cancer
- CNR, Contrast-to-noise ratio
- DCIS, Ductal carcinoma in situ
- FOV, Field of view
- FWHM, Full width at half maximum
- ILC, Invasive lobular carcinoma
- Image quality enhancement
- In vivo imaging
- LCO, Lower cut-off
- MSOT, Multispectral Optoacoustic Tomography
- Multispectral optoacoustic tomography
- NAT, Neoadjuvant chemotherapy
- NST, No special type
- OA, Optoacoustics
- SoS, Speed-of-sound
- TIR, Total impulse response
- Tumor-associated microvasculature
- US, Ultrasound
- Ultrasound
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Kukačka
- Helmholtz Zentrum München (GmbH), Institute of Biological and Medical Imaging, Neuherberg, Germany
- Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine, Chair of Biological Imaging at the Central Institute for Translational Cancer Research (TranslaTUM), Munich, Germany
| | - Stephan Metz
- Technical University of Munich, Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Munich, Germany
| | - Christoph Dehner
- Helmholtz Zentrum München (GmbH), Institute of Biological and Medical Imaging, Neuherberg, Germany
- Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine, Chair of Biological Imaging at the Central Institute for Translational Cancer Research (TranslaTUM), Munich, Germany
| | - Alexander Muckenhuber
- Technical University of Munich, Institute of General and Surgical Pathology, Munich, Germany
| | - Korbinian Paul-Yuan
- Helmholtz Zentrum München (GmbH), Institute of Biological and Medical Imaging, Neuherberg, Germany
- Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine, Chair of Biological Imaging at the Central Institute for Translational Cancer Research (TranslaTUM), Munich, Germany
| | - Angelos Karlas
- Helmholtz Zentrum München (GmbH), Institute of Biological and Medical Imaging, Neuherberg, Germany
- Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine, Chair of Biological Imaging at the Central Institute for Translational Cancer Research (TranslaTUM), Munich, Germany
- Klinikum rechts der Isar, Clinic for Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Munich, Germany
| | - Eva Maria Fallenberg
- Technical University of Munich, Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Munich, Germany
| | - Ernst Rummeny
- Technical University of Munich, Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Munich, Germany
| | - Dominik Jüstel
- Helmholtz Zentrum München (GmbH), Institute of Biological and Medical Imaging, Neuherberg, Germany
- Helmholtz Zentrum München (GmbH), Institute of Computational Biology, Neuherberg, Germany
- Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine, Chair of Biological Imaging at the Central Institute for Translational Cancer Research (TranslaTUM), Munich, Germany
| | - Vasilis Ntziachristos
- Helmholtz Zentrum München (GmbH), Institute of Biological and Medical Imaging, Neuherberg, Germany
- Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine, Chair of Biological Imaging at the Central Institute for Translational Cancer Research (TranslaTUM), Munich, Germany
- Technical University of Munich, Munich Institute of Robotics and Machine Intelligence (MIRMI), Munich, Germany
- Correspondence to: Helmholtz Zentrum München, Institute of Biological and Medical Imaging, Building 56, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany.
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Angelidi AM, Belanger MJ, Kokkinos A, Koliaki CC, Mantzoros CS. Novel Noninvasive Approaches to the Treatment of Obesity: From Pharmacotherapy to Gene Therapy. Endocr Rev 2022; 43:507-557. [PMID: 35552683 PMCID: PMC9113190 DOI: 10.1210/endrev/bnab034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Recent insights into the pathophysiologic underlying mechanisms of obesity have led to the discovery of several promising drug targets and novel therapeutic strategies to address the global obesity epidemic and its comorbidities. Current pharmacologic options for obesity management are largely limited in number and of modest efficacy/safety profile. Therefore, the need for safe and more efficacious new agents is urgent. Drugs that are currently under investigation modulate targets across a broad range of systems and tissues, including the central nervous system, gastrointestinal hormones, adipose tissue, kidney, liver, and skeletal muscle. Beyond pharmacotherapeutics, other potential antiobesity strategies are being explored, including novel drug delivery systems, vaccines, modulation of the gut microbiome, and gene therapy. The present review summarizes the pathophysiology of energy homeostasis and highlights pathways being explored in the effort to develop novel antiobesity medications and interventions but does not cover devices and bariatric methods. Emerging pharmacologic agents and alternative approaches targeting these pathways and relevant research in both animals and humans are presented in detail. Special emphasis is given to treatment options at the end of the development pipeline and closer to the clinic (ie, compounds that have a higher chance to be added to our therapeutic armamentarium in the near future). Ultimately, advancements in our understanding of the pathophysiology and interindividual variation of obesity may lead to multimodal and personalized approaches to obesity treatment that will result in safe, effective, and sustainable weight loss until the root causes of the problem are identified and addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angeliki M Angelidi
- Section of Endocrinology, VA Boston Healthcare System, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Matthew J Belanger
- Department of Medicine Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Alexander Kokkinos
- First Department of Propaedeutic Medicine, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Laiko General Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Chrysi C Koliaki
- First Department of Propaedeutic Medicine, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Laiko General Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Christos S Mantzoros
- Section of Endocrinology, VA Boston Healthcare System, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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Wang J, Onogi Y, Krueger M, Oeckl J, Karlina R, Singh I, Hauck SM, Feederle R, Li Y, Ussar S. PAT2 regulates vATPase assembly and lysosomal acidification in brown adipocytes. Mol Metab 2022; 61:101508. [PMID: 35513259 PMCID: PMC9114668 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2022.101508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Brown adipocytes play a key role in maintaining body temperature as well as glucose and lipid homeostasis. However, brown adipocytes need to adapt their thermogenic activity and substrate utilization to changes in nutrient availability. Amongst the multiple factors influencing brown adipocyte activity, autophagy is an important regulatory element of thermogenic capacity and activity. Nevertheless, a specific sensing mechanism of extracellular amino acid availability linking autophagy to nutrient availability in brown adipocytes is unknown. METHODS To characterize the role of the amino acid transporter PAT2/SLC36A2 in brown adipocytes, loss or gain of function of PAT2 were studied with respect to differentiation, subcellular localization, lysosomal activity and autophagy. Activity of vATPase was evaluated by quenching of EGFP fused to LC3 or FITC-dextran loaded lysosomes in brown adipocytes upon amino acid starvation, whereas the effect of PAT2 on assembly of the vATPase was investigated by Native-PAGE. RESULTS We show that PAT2 translocates from the plasma membrane to the lysosome in response to amino acid withdrawal. Loss or overexpression of PAT2 impair lysosomal acidification and starvation induced S6K re-phosphorylation, as PAT2 facilitates the assembly of the lysosomal vATPase, by recruitment of the cytoplasmic V1 subunit to the lysosome. CONCLUSION PAT2 is an important sensor of extracellular amino acids and regulator of lysosomal acidification in brown adipocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiefu Wang
- RG Adipocytes & Metabolism, Institute for Diabetes & Obesity, Helmholtz Diabetes Center, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health GmbH, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Yasuhiro Onogi
- RG Adipocytes & Metabolism, Institute for Diabetes & Obesity, Helmholtz Diabetes Center, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health GmbH, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Martin Krueger
- Institute for Anatomy, University of Leipzig, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Josef Oeckl
- Chair for Molecular Nutritional Medicine TUM School for Life Sciences,Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Ruth Karlina
- RG Adipocytes & Metabolism, Institute for Diabetes & Obesity, Helmholtz Diabetes Center, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health GmbH, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Inderjeet Singh
- RG Adipocytes & Metabolism, Institute for Diabetes & Obesity, Helmholtz Diabetes Center, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health GmbH, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Stefanie M Hauck
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764, Neuherberg, Germany; Research Unit Protein Science, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health GmbH, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Regina Feederle
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764, Neuherberg, Germany; Monoclonal Antibody Core Facility, Institute for Diabetes & Obesity, Helmholtz Diabetes Center, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health GmbH, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Yongguo Li
- Chair for Molecular Nutritional Medicine TUM School for Life Sciences,Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Siegfried Ussar
- RG Adipocytes & Metabolism, Institute for Diabetes & Obesity, Helmholtz Diabetes Center, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health GmbH, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764, Neuherberg, Germany; Department of Medicine, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany.
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Zhang XY, Wang DH. Gut Microbial Community and Host Thermoregulation in Small Mammals. Front Physiol 2022; 13:888324. [PMID: 35480035 PMCID: PMC9035535 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.888324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The endotherms, particularly the small mammals living in the polar region and temperate zone, are faced with extreme challenges for maintaining stable core body temperatures in harsh cold winter. The non-hibernating small mammals increase metabolic rate including obligatory thermogenesis (basal/resting metabolic rate, BMR/RMR) and regulatory thermogenesis (mainly nonshivering thermogenesis, NST, in brown adipose tissue and skeletal muscle) to maintain thermal homeostasis in cold conditions. A substantial amount of evidence indicates that the symbiotic gut microbiota are sensitive to air temperature, and play an important function in cold-induced thermoregulation, via bacterial metabolites and byproducts such as short-chain fatty acids and secondary bile acids. Cold signal is sensed by specific thermosensitive transient receptor potential channels (thermo-TRPs), and then norepinephrine (NE) is released from sympathetic nervous system (SNS) and thyroid hormones also increase to induce NST. Meanwhile, these neurotransmitters and hormones can regulate the diversity and compositions of the gut microbiota. Therefore, cold-induced NST is controlled by both Thermo-TRPs—SNS—gut microbiota axis and thyroid—gut microbiota axis. Besides physiological thermoregulation, small mammals also rely on behavioral regulation, such as huddling and coprophagy, to maintain energy and thermal homeostasis, and the gut microbial community is involved in these processes. The present review summarized the recent progress in the gut microbiota and host physiological and behavioral thermoregulation in small mammals for better understanding the evolution and adaption of holobionts (host and symbiotic microorganism). The coevolution of host-microorganism symbionts promotes individual survival, population maintenance, and species coexistence in the ecosystems with complicated, variable environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Ying Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - De-Hua Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: De-Hua Wang,
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Silvério R, Barth R, Heimann AS, Reckziegel P, dos Santos GJ, Romero-Zerbo SY, Bermúdez-Silva FJ, Rafacho A, Ferro ES. Pep19 Has a Positive Effect on Insulin Sensitivity and Ameliorates Both Hepatic and Adipose Tissue Phenotype of Diet-Induced Obese Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23084082. [PMID: 35456900 PMCID: PMC9030859 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23084082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Revised: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Peptide DIIADDEPLT (Pep19) has been previously suggested to improve metabolic parameters, without adverse central nervous system effects, in a murine model of diet-induced obesity. Here, we aimed to further evaluate whether Pep19 oral administration has anti-obesogenic effects, in a well-established high-fat diet-induced obesity model. Male Swiss mice, fed either a standard diet (SD) or high-fat diet (HFD), were orally administrated for 30 consecutive days, once a day, with saline vehicle or Pep19 (1 mg/kg). Next, several metabolic, morphological, and behavioral parameters were evaluated. Oral administration of Pep19 attenuated HFD body-weight gain, reduced in approximately 40% the absolute mass of the endocrine pancreas, and improved the relationship between circulating insulin and peripheral insulin sensitivity. Pep19 treatment of HFD-fed mice attenuated liver inflammation, hepatic fat distribution and accumulation, and lowered plasma alanine aminotransferase activity. The inguinal fat depot from the SD group treated with Pep19 showed multilocular brown-fat-like cells and increased mRNA expression of uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1), suggesting browning on inguinal white adipose cells. Morphological analysis of brown adipose tissue (BAT) from HFD mice showed the presence of larger white-like unilocular cells, compared to BAT from SD, Pep19-treated SD or HFD mice. Pep19 treatment produced no alterations in mice behavior. Oral administration of Pep19 ameliorates some metabolic traits altered by diet-induced obesity in a Swiss mice model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renata Silvério
- Graduate Program in Pharmacology, Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis 88040-900, Brazil;
- Laboratory of Investigation in Chronic Diseases, Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis 88040-900, Brazil; (R.B.); (G.J.d.S.)
| | - Robson Barth
- Laboratory of Investigation in Chronic Diseases, Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis 88040-900, Brazil; (R.B.); (G.J.d.S.)
- Multicenter Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis 88040-900, Brazil
| | - Andrea S. Heimann
- Proteimax BioTechnology Israel LTD, 4 Duvdevan Street, Pardes Hana, Haifa 3708973, Israel;
| | - Patrícia Reckziegel
- Department of Pharmacology, Biomedical Science Institute, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil;
| | - Gustavo J. dos Santos
- Laboratory of Investigation in Chronic Diseases, Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis 88040-900, Brazil; (R.B.); (G.J.d.S.)
- Multicenter Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis 88040-900, Brazil
| | - Silvana Y. Romero-Zerbo
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga-IBIMA, UGC Endocrinología y Nutrición Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, Universidad de Málaga, 29009 Málaga, Spain; (S.Y.R.-Z.); (F.J.B.-S.)
- Biomedical Research Center for Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Diseases (CIBERDEM), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco J. Bermúdez-Silva
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga-IBIMA, UGC Endocrinología y Nutrición Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, Universidad de Málaga, 29009 Málaga, Spain; (S.Y.R.-Z.); (F.J.B.-S.)
- Biomedical Research Center for Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Diseases (CIBERDEM), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Alex Rafacho
- Graduate Program in Pharmacology, Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis 88040-900, Brazil;
- Laboratory of Investigation in Chronic Diseases, Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis 88040-900, Brazil; (R.B.); (G.J.d.S.)
- Multicenter Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis 88040-900, Brazil
- Correspondence: (A.R.); (E.S.F.)
| | - Emer S. Ferro
- Department of Pharmacology, Biomedical Science Institute, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil;
- Correspondence: (A.R.); (E.S.F.)
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Johansen OS, Ma T, Gerhart-Hines Z. Leveraging GPCR signaling in thermogenic fat to counteract metabolic diseases. Mol Metab 2022; 60:101474. [PMID: 35339729 PMCID: PMC9046952 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2022.101474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Revised: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Thermogenic brown and beige adipocytes are recognized for their unique capacity to consume extraordinary levels of metabolites and lipids from the blood to fuel heat-producing catabolic processes [[1], [2], [3], [4], [5], [6], [7]]. In humans, the functions of thermogenic adipocytes are associated with cardiometabolic protection and improved glycemic control [[8], [9], [10], [11], [12], [13]]. Consequently, engaging these macronutrient-consuming and energy-dissipating activities has gained attention as a promising therapeutic strategy for counteracting metabolic diseases, such as obesity and diabetes. Scope of review In this review, we highlight new advances in our understanding of the physiological role of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) in controlling thermogenic adipocyte biology. We further extend our discussion to the opportunities and challenges posed by pharmacologically targeting different elements of GPCR signaling in these highly specialized fat cells. Major conclusions GPCRs represent appealing candidates through which to harness adipose thermogenesis. Yet safely and effectively targeting these druggable receptors on brown and beige adipocytes has thus far proven challenging. Therefore, continued interrogation across the GPCR landscape is necessary for future leaps within the field of thermogenic fat biology to unlock the therapeutic potential of adipocyte catabolism. Brown and beige thermogenic adipocytes robustly consume and catabolize macronutrients. The catabolic activity of thermogenic adipocytes promotes organismal energy balance. Thermogenic adipocyte functions are tightly controlled by G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). GPCRs can be potentially targeted at multiple levels to therapeutically harness thermogenic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivia Sveidahl Johansen
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, DK
| | - Tao Ma
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, DK; Embark Biotech ApS, Copenhagen, DK
| | - Zachary Gerhart-Hines
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, DK; Embark Biotech ApS, Copenhagen, DK; Center for Adipocyte Signaling, Odense, DK.
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