1
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Huang F, Gao J, Li A, Mizokami A, Matsuda M, Aoki K, Katagiri T, Kawakubo-Yasukochi T, Jimi E. Activation of NF-κB signaling regulates ovariectomy-induced bone loss and weight gain. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2024; 1870:167320. [PMID: 38936515 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2024.167320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2024] [Revised: 06/13/2024] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
Postmenopausal women experience bone loss and weight gain. To date, crosstalk between estrogen receptor signals and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) has been reported, and estrogen depletion enhances bone resorption by osteoclasts via NF-κB activation. However, it is unclear when and in which tissues NF-κB is activated after menopause, and how NF-κB acts as a common signaling molecule for postmenopausal weight gain and bone loss. Therefore, we examined the role of NF-κB in bone and energy metabolism following menopause. NF-κB reporter mice, which can be used to measure NF-κB activation in vivo, were ovariectomized (OVX) and the luminescence intensity after OVX increased in the metaphyses of the long bones and perigonadal white adipose tissue, but not in the other tissues. OVX was performed on wild-type (WT) and p65 mutant knock-in (S534A) mice, whose mutation enhances the transcriptional activity of NF-κB. Weight gain with worsening glucose tolerance was significant in S534A mice after OVX compared with those of WT mice. The bone density of the sham group in WT or S534A mice did not change, whereas in the S534A-OVX group it significantly decreased due to the suppression of bone formation and increase in bone marrow adipocytes. Disulfiram, an anti-alcoholic drug, suppressed OVX-induced activation of NF-κB in the metaphyses of long bones and white adipose tissue (WAT), as well as weight gain and bone loss. Overall, the activation of NF-κB in the metaphyses of long bones and WAT after OVX regulates post-OVX weight gain and bone loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Huang
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Division of Oral Biological Sciences, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Jing Gao
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Division of Oral Biological Sciences, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Aonan Li
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Division of Oral Biological Sciences, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Akiko Mizokami
- Oral Health/Brain Health/Total Health Research Center, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Miho Matsuda
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Division of Oral Biological Sciences, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Aoki
- Department of Basic Oral Health Engineering, Graduate School, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45, Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8549, Japan
| | - Takenobu Katagiri
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, Research Center for Genomic Medicine, Saitama Medical University, Hidaka-shi, Saitama 350-1241, Japan
| | - Tomoyo Kawakubo-Yasukochi
- Oral Health/Brain Health/Total Health Research Center, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Eijiro Jimi
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Division of Oral Biological Sciences, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan; Oral Health/Brain Health/Total Health Research Center, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan.
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2
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Lee AS, Parsons ES, Chang I, Dunham D, Chinthrajah RS, Nadeau KC. Quantitative analysis of urinary cytokines in food-allergic and healthy individuals. Allergy 2023; 78:2523-2526. [PMID: 36905306 DOI: 10.1111/all.15707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 02/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra S Lee
- Department of Medicine, Sean N. Parker Center for Allergy and Asthma Research, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Ella S Parsons
- Department of Medicine, Sean N. Parker Center for Allergy and Asthma Research, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Iris Chang
- Department of Medicine, Sean N. Parker Center for Allergy and Asthma Research, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Diane Dunham
- Department of Medicine, Sean N. Parker Center for Allergy and Asthma Research, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - R Sharon Chinthrajah
- Department of Medicine, Sean N. Parker Center for Allergy and Asthma Research, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Kari C Nadeau
- Department of Medicine, Sean N. Parker Center for Allergy and Asthma Research, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
- Department of Environmental Studies, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
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3
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The Role of IL-13 and IL-4 in Adipose Tissue Fibrosis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24065672. [PMID: 36982747 PMCID: PMC10051142 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
White adipose tissue (WAT) fibrosis, characterized by an excess of extracellular (ECM) matrix components, is strongly associated with WAT inflammation and dysfunction due to obesity. Interleukin (IL)-13 and IL-4 were recently identified as critical mediators in the pathogenesis of fibrotic diseases. However, their role in WAT fibrosis is still ill-defined. We therefore established an ex vivo WAT organotypic culture system and demonstrated an upregulation of fibrosis-related genes and an increase of α-smooth muscle actin (αSMA) and fibronectin abundance upon dose-dependent stimulation with IL-13/IL-4. These fibrotic effects were lost in WAT lacking il4ra, which encodes for the underlying receptor controlling this process. Adipose tissue macrophages were found to play a key role in mediating IL-13/IL-4 effects in WAT fibrosis as their depletion through clodronate dramatically decreased the fibrotic phenotype. IL-4-induced WAT fibrosis was partly confirmed in mice injected intraperitoneally with IL-4. Furthermore, gene correlation analyses of human WAT samples revealed a strong positive correlation of fibrosis markers with IL-13/IL-4 receptors, whereas IL13 and IL4 correlations failed to confirm this association. In conclusion, IL-13 and IL-4 can induce WAT fibrosis ex vivo and partly in vivo, but their role in human WAT remains to be further elucidated.
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4
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Guha Ray A, Odum OP, Wiseman D, Weinstock A. The diverse roles of macrophages in metabolic inflammation and its resolution. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1147434. [PMID: 36994095 PMCID: PMC10041730 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1147434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Macrophages are one of the most functionally diverse immune cells, indispensable to maintain tissue integrity and metabolic health. Macrophages perform a myriad of functions ranging from promoting inflammation, through inflammation resolution to restoring and maintaining tissue homeostasis. Metabolic diseases encompass a growing list of diseases which develop from a mix of genetics and environmental cues leading to metabolic dysregulation and subsequent inflammation. In this review, we summarize the contributions of macrophages to four metabolic conditions-insulin resistance and adipose tissue inflammation, atherosclerosis, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and neurodegeneration. The role of macrophages is complex, yet they hold great promise as potential therapies to address these growing health concerns.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Ada Weinstock
- Section of Genetic Medicine, Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
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5
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Hildebrandt X, Ibrahim M, Peltzer N. Cell death and inflammation during obesity: "Know my methods, WAT(son)". Cell Death Differ 2023; 30:279-292. [PMID: 36175539 PMCID: PMC9520110 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-022-01062-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Revised: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a state of low-grade chronic inflammation that causes multiple metabolic diseases. During obesity, signalling via cytokines of the TNF family mediate cell death and inflammation within the adipose tissue, eventually resulting in lipid spill-over, glucotoxicity and insulin resistance. These events ultimately lead to ectopic lipid deposition, glucose intolerance and other metabolic complications with life-threatening consequences. Here we review the literature on how inflammatory responses affect metabolic processes such as energy homeostasis and insulin signalling. This review mainly focuses on the role of cell death in the adipose tissue as a key player in metabolic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ximena Hildebrandt
- University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine, Centre for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC); Department of Translational Genomics and; Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), Cologne, Germany
| | - Mohamed Ibrahim
- University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine, Centre for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC); Department of Translational Genomics and; Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), Cologne, Germany
| | - Nieves Peltzer
- University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine, Centre for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC); Department of Translational Genomics and; Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), Cologne, Germany.
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6
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Lee DK, Kim T, Byeon J, Park M, Kim S, Kim J, Choi S, Lee G, Park C, Lee KW, Kwon YJ, Lee JH, Kwon YG, Kim YM. REDD1 promotes obesity-induced metabolic dysfunction via atypical NF-κB activation. Nat Commun 2022; 13:6303. [PMID: 36272977 PMCID: PMC9588012 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-34110-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Regulated in development and DNA damage response 1 (REDD1) expression is upregulated in response to metabolic imbalance and obesity. However, its role in obesity-associated complications is unclear. Here, we demonstrate that the REDD1-NF-κB axis is crucial for metabolic inflammation and dysregulation. Mice lacking Redd1 in the whole body or adipocytes exhibited restrained diet-induced obesity, inflammation, insulin resistance, and hepatic steatosis. Myeloid Redd1-deficient mice showed similar results, without restrained obesity and hepatic steatosis. Redd1-deficient adipose-derived stem cells lost their potential to differentiate into adipocytes; however, REDD1 overexpression stimulated preadipocyte differentiation and proinflammatory cytokine expression through atypical IKK-independent NF-κB activation by sequestering IκBα from the NF-κB/IκBα complex. REDD1 with mutated Lys219/220Ala, key amino acid residues for IκBα binding, could not stimulate NF-κB activation, adipogenesis, and inflammation in vitro and prevented obesity-related phenotypes in knock-in mice. The REDD1-atypical NF-κB activation axis is a therapeutic target for obesity, meta-inflammation, and metabolic complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Keon Lee
- grid.412010.60000 0001 0707 9039Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341 Republic of Korea
| | - Taesam Kim
- grid.412010.60000 0001 0707 9039Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341 Republic of Korea
| | - Junyoung Byeon
- grid.412010.60000 0001 0707 9039Department of Biochemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341 Republic of Korea
| | - Minsik Park
- grid.412010.60000 0001 0707 9039Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341 Republic of Korea
| | - Suji Kim
- grid.412010.60000 0001 0707 9039Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341 Republic of Korea
| | - Joohwan Kim
- grid.412010.60000 0001 0707 9039Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341 Republic of Korea
| | - Seunghwan Choi
- grid.412010.60000 0001 0707 9039Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341 Republic of Korea
| | - Gihwan Lee
- grid.256681.e0000 0001 0661 1492Division of Life Sciences, Division of Applied Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828 Republic of Korea
| | - Chanin Park
- grid.256681.e0000 0001 0661 1492Division of Life Sciences, Division of Applied Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828 Republic of Korea
| | - Keun Woo Lee
- grid.256681.e0000 0001 0661 1492Division of Life Sciences, Department of Bio & Medical Big Data (BK4 Program), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828 Republic of Korea
| | | | - Jeong-Hyung Lee
- grid.412010.60000 0001 0707 9039Department of Biochemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341 Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Guen Kwon
- grid.15444.300000 0004 0470 5454Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722 Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Myeong Kim
- grid.412010.60000 0001 0707 9039Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341 Republic of Korea
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7
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Silva VRR, Molinaro A, Gaudi AU, Fryk E, Sardi C, Hammarlund M, Mjörnstedt F, Johansson ME, Becattini B, Jansson PA, Solinas G. Somatic ablation of IKKβ in liver and leukocytes is not tolerated in obese mice but hepatic IKKβ deletion improves fatty liver and insulin sensitivity. FASEB J 2022; 36:e22512. [PMID: 36001064 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202200694r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Revised: 07/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The kinase IKKβ controls pro-inflammatory gene expression, and its activity in the liver and leukocytes was shown to drive metabolic inflammation and insulin resistance in obesity. However, it was also proposed that liver IKKβ signaling protects obese mice from insulin resistance and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress by increasing XBP1s protein stability. Furthermore, mice lacking IKKβ in leukocytes display increased lethality to lipopolysaccharides. This study aims at improving our understanding of the role of IKKβ signaling in obesity. We induced IKKβ deletion in hematopoietic cells and liver of obese mice by Cre-LoxP recombination, using an INF-inducible system, or a liver-specific IKKβ deletion in obese mice by adenovirus delivery of the Cre recombinase. The histopathological, immune, and metabolic phenotype of the mice was characterized. IKKβ deletion in the liver and hematopoietic cells was not tolerated in mice with established obesity exposed to the TLR3 agonist poly(I:C) and exacerbated liver damage and ER-stress despite elevated XBP1s. By contrast, liver-specific ablation of IKKβ in obese mice reduced steatosis and improved insulin sensitivity in association with increased XBP1s protein abundance and reduced expression of de-novo lipogenesis genes. We conclude that IKKβ blockage in liver and leukocytes is not tolerated in obese mice exposed to TLR3 agonists. However, selective hepatic IKKβ ablation improves fatty liver and insulin sensitivity in association with increased XBP1s protein abundance and reduced expression of lipogenic genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vagner Ramon R Silva
- The Wallenberg Laboratory and Sahlgrenska Center for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research, Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Angela Molinaro
- The Wallenberg Laboratory and Sahlgrenska Center for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research, Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Andrea Usseglio Gaudi
- The Wallenberg Laboratory and Sahlgrenska Center for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research, Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Emanuel Fryk
- The Wallenberg Laboratory and Sahlgrenska Center for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research, Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Claudia Sardi
- The Wallenberg Laboratory and Sahlgrenska Center for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research, Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Maria Hammarlund
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Filip Mjörnstedt
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Maria E Johansson
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Barbara Becattini
- The Wallenberg Laboratory and Sahlgrenska Center for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research, Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Per-Anders Jansson
- The Wallenberg Laboratory and Sahlgrenska Center for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research, Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Giovanni Solinas
- The Wallenberg Laboratory and Sahlgrenska Center for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research, Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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8
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Davis JL, Pokhrel NK, Cox L, Rohatgi N, Faccio R, Veis DJ. Conditional loss of IKKα in Osterix + cells has no effect on bone but leads to age-related loss of peripheral fat. Sci Rep 2022; 12:4915. [PMID: 35318397 PMCID: PMC8940989 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-08914-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
NF-κB has been reported to both promote and inhibit bone formation. To explore its role in osteolineage cells, we conditionally deleted IKKα, an upstream kinase required for non-canonical NF-κB activation, using Osterix (Osx)-Cre. Surprisingly, we found no effect on either cancellous or cortical bone, even following mechanical loading. However, we noted that IKKα conditional knockout (cKO) mice began to lose body weight after 6 months of age with severe reductions in fat mass and lower adipocyte size in geriatric animals. qPCR analysis of adipogenic markers in fat pads of cKO mice indicated no difference in early differentiation, but instead markedly lower leptin with age. We challenged young mice with a high fat diet finding that cKO mice gained less weight and showed improved glucose metabolism. Low levels of recombination at the IKKα locus were detected in fat pads isolated from old cKO mice. To determine whether recombination occurs in adipocytes, we examined fat pads in Osx-Cre;TdT reporter mice; these showed increasing Osx-Cre-mediated expression in peripheral adipocytes from 6 weeks to 18 months. Since Osx-Cre drives recombination in peripheral adipocytes with age, we conclude that fat loss in cKO mice is most likely caused by progressive deficits of IKKα in adipocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer L Davis
- Musculoskeletal Research Center, Division of Bone and Mineral Diseases, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Nitin Kumar Pokhrel
- Musculoskeletal Research Center, Division of Bone and Mineral Diseases, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Linda Cox
- Musculoskeletal Research Center, Division of Bone and Mineral Diseases, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Nidhi Rohatgi
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Roberta Faccio
- Musculoskeletal Research Center, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA.,Shriners Hospitals for Children, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Deborah J Veis
- Musculoskeletal Research Center, Division of Bone and Mineral Diseases, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA. .,Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA. .,Shriners Hospitals for Children, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA.
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9
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Abstract
Two decades of research have established that Nuclear Factor-κB (NF-κB) signaling plays a critical role in reprogramming the fat cell transcriptome towards inflammation in response to overnutrition and metabolic stress. Several groups have suggested that inhibition of NF-κB signaling could have metabolic benefits for obesity-associated adipose tissue inflammation. However, two significant problems arise with this approach. The first is how to deliver general NF-κB inhibitors into adipocytes without allowing these compounds to disrupt normal functioning in cells of the immune system. The second issue is that general inhibition of canonical NF-κB signaling in adipocytes will likely lead to a massive increase in adipocyte apoptosis under conditions of metabolic stress, leading full circle into a secondary inflammation (However, this problem may not be true for non-canonical NF-κB signaling.). This review will focus on the research that has examined canonical and non-canonical NF-κB signaling in adipocytes, focusing on genetic studies that examine loss-of-function of NF-κB specifically in fat cells. Although the development of general inhibitors of canonical NF-κB signaling seems unlikely to succeed in alleviating adipose tissue inflammation in humans, the door remains open for more targeted therapeutics. In principle, these would include compounds that interrogate NF-κB DNA binding, protein-protein interactions, or post-translational modifications that partition NF-κB activity towards some genes and away from others in adipocytes. I also discuss the possibility for inhibitors of non-canonical NF-κB signaling to realize success in mitigating fat cell dysfunction in obesity. To plant the seeds for such approaches, much biochemical “digging” in adipocytes remains; this includes identifying—in an unbiased manner–NF-κB direct and indirect targets, genomic DNA binding sites for all five NF-κB subunits, NF-κB protein-protein interactions, and post-translational modifications of NF-κB in fat cells.
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10
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Hernandez R, Zhou C. Recent Advances in Understanding the Role of IKKβ in Cardiometabolic Diseases. Front Cardiovasc Med 2021; 8:752337. [PMID: 34957242 PMCID: PMC8692734 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.752337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiometabolic diseases, including cardiovascular disease, obesity, and diabetes, are the leading cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide. Cardiometabolic diseases are associated with many overlapping metabolic syndromes such as hypertension, hyperlipidemia, insulin resistance, and central adiposity. However, the underlying causes of cardiometabolic diseases and associated syndromes remain poorly understood. Within the past couple of decades, considerable progresses have been made to understand the role of inflammatory signaling in the pathogenesis of cardiometabolic diseases. The transcription factor, NF-κB, a master regulator of the innate and adaptive immune responses, is highly active in cardiometabolic diseases. IκB kinase β (IKKβ), the predominant catalytic subunit of the IKK complex, is required for canonical activation of NF-κB, and has been implicated as the critical molecular link between inflammation and cardiometabolic diseases. Recent studies have revealed that IKKβ has diverse and unexpected roles in mediating adiposity, insulin sensitivity, glucose homeostasis, vascular function, and atherogenesis through complex mechanisms. IKKβ has been demonstrated as a critical player in the development of cardiometabolic diseases and is implicated as a promising therapeutic target. This review summarizes current knowledge of the functions of IKKβ in mediating the development and progression of cardiometabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Hernandez
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, United States
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11
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Ackermann J, Arndt L, Kirstein M, Hobusch C, Brinker G, Klöting N, Braune J, Gericke M. Myeloid Cell-Specific IL-4 Receptor Knockout Partially Protects from Adipose Tissue Inflammation. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2021; 207:3081-3089. [PMID: 34789558 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2100699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
IL-4 receptor signaling is supposed to play a major role in anti-inflammatory polarization and proliferation of adipose tissue macrophages. In this study, we examined the metabolic and inflammatory phenotype of C57BL/6J mice (IIl4ra) with LysM-dependent knockout (IIl4ra Δmyel) of the IL-4 receptor α-chain (IL-4Rα), the mandatory signaling component of IL-4 and IL-13, on chow and high-fat diet. Lean IIl4ra Δmyel mice showed decreased insulin sensitivity, no divergent adipose tissue macrophage polarization, but an increased percentage of CD8+ T cells in visceral adipose tissue. After 20 wk of a high-fat diet, IIl4ra Δmyel mice exhibited higher glucose tolerance, no changes in the lymphocyte compartment and fewer M1 macrophages in visceral adipose tissue. In vivo adipose tissue macrophage proliferation measured by BrdU incorporation was unaffected by Il4ra knockout. Interestingly, we show that IL-4Rα signaling directly augmented Itgax (Cd11c) gene expression in bone marrow-derived macrophages and increased the amount of CD11c+ macrophages in adipose tissue explants. Myeloid cell-specific knockout of Il4ra deteriorated insulin sensitivity in lean mice but improved parameters of glucose homeostasis and partially protected from adipose tissue inflammation in obese mice. Hence, IL-4Rα signaling probably plays a minor role in maintaining the macrophage M2 population and proliferation rates in vivo. Moreover, our data indicate that IL-4 signaling plays a proinflammatory role in adipose tissue inflammation by directly upregulating CD11c on adipose tissue macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Ackermann
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany.,Institute of Anatomy, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Lilli Arndt
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - Michaela Kirstein
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | | | - Georg Brinker
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany.,Institute of Anatomy, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Nora Klöting
- Helmholtz Institute for Metabolic, Obesity and Vascular Research of the Helmholtz Zentrum München at the University of Leipzig; and.,Medical Department III, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Julia Braune
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany.,Institute of Anatomy, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Martin Gericke
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany; .,Institute of Anatomy, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
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12
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Heeran AB, McCready J, Dunne MR, Donlon NE, Nugent TS, Bhardwaj A, Mitchelson KAJ, Buckley AM, Ravi N, Roche HM, Reynolds JV, Lynam-Lennon N, O’Sullivan J. Opposing Immune-Metabolic Signature in Visceral Versus Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue in Patients with Adenocarcinoma of the Oesophagus and the Oesophagogastric Junction. Metabolites 2021; 11:metabo11110768. [PMID: 34822426 PMCID: PMC8624269 DOI: 10.3390/metabo11110768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Revised: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Oesophageal adenocarcinoma (OAC) is an exemplar model of obesity-associated cancer. Previous work in our group has demonstrated that overweight/obese OAC patients have better responses to neoadjuvant therapy, but the underlying mechanisms are unknown. Unravelling the immune-metabolic signatures of adipose tissue may provide insight for this observation. We hypothesised that different metabolic pathways predominate in visceral (VAT) and subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) and inflammatory secretions will differ between the fat depots. Real-time ex vivo metabolic profiles of VAT and SAT from 12 OAC patients were analysed. These samples were screened for the secretion of 54 inflammatory mediators, and data were correlated with patient body composition. Oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) was significantly higher in VAT when compared to SAT. OXPHOS was significantly higher in the SAT of patients receiving neoadjuvant treatment. VEGF-A, VEGF-C, P1GF, Flt-1, bFGF, IL-15, IL-16, IL-17A, CRP, SAA, ICAM-1, VCAM-1, IL-2, IL-13, IFN-γ, and MIP-1β secretions were significantly higher from VAT than SAT. Higher levels of bFGF, Eotaxin-3, and TNF-α were secreted from the VAT of obese patients, while higher levels of IL-23 and TARC were secreted from the SAT of obese patients. The angiogenic factors, bFGF and VEGF-C, correlated with visceral fat area. Levels of OXPHOS are higher in VAT than SAT. Angiogenic, vascular injury and inflammatory cytokines are elevated in VAT versus SAT, indicating that VAT may promote inflammation, linked to regulating treatment response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aisling B. Heeran
- Trinity St. James’s Cancer Institute, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Department of Surgery, Trinity College Dublin, St. James’s Hospital, D08 W9RT Dublin, Ireland; (A.B.H.); (M.R.D.); (N.E.D.); (T.S.N.); (A.B.); (A.M.B.); (N.R.); (J.V.R.); (N.L.-L.)
| | - Jessica McCready
- Department of Biological and Physical Sciences, Assumption University, Worcester, MA 01609, USA;
| | - Margaret R. Dunne
- Trinity St. James’s Cancer Institute, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Department of Surgery, Trinity College Dublin, St. James’s Hospital, D08 W9RT Dublin, Ireland; (A.B.H.); (M.R.D.); (N.E.D.); (T.S.N.); (A.B.); (A.M.B.); (N.R.); (J.V.R.); (N.L.-L.)
| | - Noel E. Donlon
- Trinity St. James’s Cancer Institute, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Department of Surgery, Trinity College Dublin, St. James’s Hospital, D08 W9RT Dublin, Ireland; (A.B.H.); (M.R.D.); (N.E.D.); (T.S.N.); (A.B.); (A.M.B.); (N.R.); (J.V.R.); (N.L.-L.)
| | - Timothy S. Nugent
- Trinity St. James’s Cancer Institute, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Department of Surgery, Trinity College Dublin, St. James’s Hospital, D08 W9RT Dublin, Ireland; (A.B.H.); (M.R.D.); (N.E.D.); (T.S.N.); (A.B.); (A.M.B.); (N.R.); (J.V.R.); (N.L.-L.)
| | - Anshul Bhardwaj
- Trinity St. James’s Cancer Institute, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Department of Surgery, Trinity College Dublin, St. James’s Hospital, D08 W9RT Dublin, Ireland; (A.B.H.); (M.R.D.); (N.E.D.); (T.S.N.); (A.B.); (A.M.B.); (N.R.); (J.V.R.); (N.L.-L.)
| | - Kathleen A. J. Mitchelson
- Nutrigenomics Research Group, School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Sports Science, UCD Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Belfield, D04 V1W8 Dublin, Ireland; (K.A.J.M.); (H.M.R.)
| | - Amy M. Buckley
- Trinity St. James’s Cancer Institute, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Department of Surgery, Trinity College Dublin, St. James’s Hospital, D08 W9RT Dublin, Ireland; (A.B.H.); (M.R.D.); (N.E.D.); (T.S.N.); (A.B.); (A.M.B.); (N.R.); (J.V.R.); (N.L.-L.)
| | - Narayanasamy Ravi
- Trinity St. James’s Cancer Institute, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Department of Surgery, Trinity College Dublin, St. James’s Hospital, D08 W9RT Dublin, Ireland; (A.B.H.); (M.R.D.); (N.E.D.); (T.S.N.); (A.B.); (A.M.B.); (N.R.); (J.V.R.); (N.L.-L.)
| | - Helen M. Roche
- Nutrigenomics Research Group, School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Sports Science, UCD Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Belfield, D04 V1W8 Dublin, Ireland; (K.A.J.M.); (H.M.R.)
- Institute for Global Food Security, Queens University Belfast, Belfast BT9 5DL, UK
| | - John V. Reynolds
- Trinity St. James’s Cancer Institute, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Department of Surgery, Trinity College Dublin, St. James’s Hospital, D08 W9RT Dublin, Ireland; (A.B.H.); (M.R.D.); (N.E.D.); (T.S.N.); (A.B.); (A.M.B.); (N.R.); (J.V.R.); (N.L.-L.)
| | - Niamh Lynam-Lennon
- Trinity St. James’s Cancer Institute, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Department of Surgery, Trinity College Dublin, St. James’s Hospital, D08 W9RT Dublin, Ireland; (A.B.H.); (M.R.D.); (N.E.D.); (T.S.N.); (A.B.); (A.M.B.); (N.R.); (J.V.R.); (N.L.-L.)
| | - Jacintha O’Sullivan
- Trinity St. James’s Cancer Institute, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Department of Surgery, Trinity College Dublin, St. James’s Hospital, D08 W9RT Dublin, Ireland; (A.B.H.); (M.R.D.); (N.E.D.); (T.S.N.); (A.B.); (A.M.B.); (N.R.); (J.V.R.); (N.L.-L.)
- Correspondence: ; Fax: +353-(0)18964122
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13
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Moon JS, da Cunha FF, Huh JY, Andreyev AY, Lee J, Mahata SK, Reis FC, Nasamran CA, Lee YS. ANT2 drives proinflammatory macrophage activation in obesity. JCI Insight 2021; 6:147033. [PMID: 34676827 PMCID: PMC8564915 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.147033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophage proinflammatory activation is an important etiologic component of the development of insulin resistance and metabolic dysfunction in obesity. However, the underlying mechanisms are not clearly understood. Here, we demonstrate that a mitochondrial inner membrane protein, adenine nucleotide translocase 2 (ANT2), mediates proinflammatory activation of adipose tissue macrophages (ATMs) in obesity. Ant2 expression was increased in ATMs of obese mice compared with lean mice. Myeloid-specific ANT2-knockout (ANT2-MKO) mice showed decreased adipose tissue inflammation and improved insulin sensitivity and glucose tolerance in HFD/obesity. At the molecular level, we found that ANT2 mediates free fatty acid–induced mitochondrial permeability transition, leading to increased mitochondrial reactive oxygen species production and damage. In turn, this increased HIF-1α expression and NF-κB activation, leading to proinflammatory macrophage activation. Our results provide a previously unknown mechanism for how obesity induces proinflammatory activation of macrophages with propagation of low-grade chronic inflammation (metaflammation).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Su Moon
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Flavia Franco da Cunha
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Jin Young Huh
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Alexander Yu Andreyev
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Jihyung Lee
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Sushil K Mahata
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA.,VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Felipe Cg Reis
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Chanond A Nasamran
- Center for Computational Biology & Bioinformatics, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Yun Sok Lee
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
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14
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Role of Inflammatory Cytokines, Growth Factors and Adipokines in Adipogenesis and Insulin Resistance. Inflammation 2021; 45:31-44. [PMID: 34536157 PMCID: PMC8449520 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-021-01559-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Revised: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Obesity, manifested by increased adiposity, represents a main cause of morbidity in the developed countries, causing increased risk of insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Recruitment of macrophages and activation of innate immunity represent the initial insult, which can be further exacerbated through secretion of chemokines and adipocytokines from activated macrophages and other cells within the adipose tissue. These events can impact adipogenesis, causing dysfunction of the adipose tissue and increased risk of insulin resistance. Various factors mediate adiposity and related insulin resistance including inflammatory and non-inflammatory factors such as pro and anti-inflammatory cytokines, adipokines and growth factors. In this review we will discuss the role of these factors in adipogenesis and development of insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes mellitus in the context of obesity. Understanding the molecular mechanisms that mediate adipogenesis and insulin resistance could help the development of novel therapeutic strategies for individuals at higher risk of insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes mellitus.
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15
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Winn NC, Cottam MA, Wasserman DH, Hasty AH. Exercise and Adipose Tissue Immunity: Outrunning Inflammation. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2021; 29:790-801. [PMID: 33899336 DOI: 10.1002/oby.23147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Revised: 01/02/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Chronic inflammation is considered a precipitating factor and possibly an underlying cause of many noncommunicable diseases, including cardiovascular disease, metabolic diseases, and some cancers. Obesity, which manifests in more than 650 million people worldwide, is the most common chronic inflammatory condition, with visceral adiposity thought to be the major inflammatory hub that links obesity and chronic disease. Adipose tissue (AT) inflammation is triggered or heightened in large part by (1) accelerated immune cell recruitment, (2) reshaping of the AT stromal-immuno landscape (e.g., immune cells, endothelial cells, fibroblasts, adipocyte progenitors), and (3) perturbed AT immune cell function. Exercise, along with diet management, is a cornerstone in promoting weight loss and preventing weight regain. This review focuses on evidence that increased physical activity reduces AT inflammation caused by hypercaloric diets or genetic obesity. The precise cell types and mechanisms responsible for the therapeutic effects of exercise on AT inflammation remain poorly understood. This review summarizes what is known about obesity-induced AT inflammation and immunomodulation and highlights mechanisms by which aerobic exercise combats inflammation by remodeling the AT immune landscape. Furthermore, key areas are highlighted that require future exploration and novel discoveries into the burgeoning field of how the biology of exercise affects AT immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan C Winn
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Matthew A Cottam
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - David H Wasserman
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
- Vanderbilt Mouse Metabolic Phenotyping Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Alyssa H Hasty
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
- VA Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
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16
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Kim J, Lee J. Role of obesity-induced inflammation in the development of insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes: history of the research and remaining questions. Ann Pediatr Endocrinol Metab 2021; 26:1-13. [PMID: 33819954 PMCID: PMC8026341 DOI: 10.6065/apem.2040188.094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of obesity has increased alarmingly both worldwide and in Korea. This has also dramatically increased the prevalence of chronic obesity-associated diseases, including type 2 diabetes (T2D). Extensive studies on the molecular etiology of T2D have revealed several potential mechanisms by which obesity induces the development of insulin resistance and T2D. One of these is low-grade chronic inflammation. Studies hinting at the existence of this phenomenon were first published about 30 years ago. Ten years later, several seminal papers confirmed its existence, which then led to a rapid and massive escalation of research in this field. Today, the notion that obesity-induced inflammation mediates T2D is now well-accepted. This paper will review the key developments in this field, including the discovery that obesity-induced inflammation and insulin resistance is mainly regulated by adipose tissue-resident immune cells, particularly those in visceral adipose tissue. This review further details the research areas, including (1) the obesity-related factors that induce adipose tissue macrophage (ATM) inflammation, (2) the precise effector functions by which adipose tissue immune cells promote insulin resistance, (3) whether there are early immunological events that have an outsize effect on later events and could be targeted to arrest the development of insulin resistance, (4) the roles played by nonimmunological functions of ATMs and other immune cells, and (5) whether there are noncanonical immune responses to obesity (i.e., immune responses that are unique to obesity and cannot be detected by following the discoveries in the classical immunity field).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jieun Kim
- Soonchunhyang Institute of MediBio Science (SIMS), Department of Integrated Biomedical Science, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan, Korea
| | - Jongsoon Lee
- Soonchunhyang Institute of MediBio Science (SIMS), Department of Integrated Biomedical Science, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan, Korea,Address for correspondence: Jongsoon Lee Soonchunhyang Institute of MediBio Science (SIMS), Department of Integrated Biomedical Science, Metabolic Disease Tissue Homeostasis Research Center, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan 31151, Korea
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17
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Oliva-Olivera W, Castellano-Castillo D, von Meyenn F, Cardona F, Lönnberg T, Tinahones FJ. Human adipose tissue-derived stem cell paracrine networks vary according metabolic risk and after TNFα-induced death: An analysis at the single-cell level. Metabolism 2021; 116:154466. [PMID: 33333081 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2020.154466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Revised: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Adipose tissue-derived stem cells (ASCs) might play an important role in adipose microenvironment remodelling during tissue expansion through their response to hypoxia. We examined the cytokine profiles of hypoxic visceral ASCs (hypox-visASCs) from subjects with different metabolic risk, the interactions between cytokines as well as the impact of TNFα-induced death in the behavior of surviving hypoxic subcutaneous ASCs (hypox-subASCs) both at bulk population and single-cell level. MATERIALS/METHODS Visceral adipose tissue was processed to isolate the ASCs from 33 subjects grouped into normal weight, obese with and without metabolic syndrome. Multiplex assay was used to simultaneously measure multiple inflammatory, anti-inflammatory and angiogenic cytokines in hypox-visASCs from these patients and to elucidate cytokine profiles of hypox-subASCs upon stimulation with IL1β or TNFα and after TNFα-induced death. qPCR and single-cell RNA-sequencing were also performed to elucidate transcriptional impact in surviving hypox-subASCs after TNFα-induced apoptosis. RESULTS Hypox-visASCs from subjects without metabolic syndrome showed greater secretion levels of inflammatory, anti-inflammatory and angiogenic cytokines compared with those from patients with metabolic syndrome. While IL-1β stimulation was sufficient to increase the secretion levels of these cytokines in hypox-subASCs, TNFα-induced apoptosis also increased their levels and impacted on the expression levels of extracellular matrix proteins, acetyl-CoA producing enzymes and redox-balance proteins in surviving hypox-subASCs. TNFα-induced apoptosis under different glucose concentrations caused selective impoverishment of cell clusters and differentially influenced gene expression profiles of surviving hypox-subASCs. CONCLUSIONS Immunoregulatory and angiogenic functions of hypox-visASCs from patients with metabolic syndrome could be insufficient to promote healthy adipose tissue expansion. TNFα-induced apoptosis may impact on functionality of hypox-subASC populations, whose differential metabolic sensitivity to death could serve to manipulate individual populations selectively in order to elucidate their role in shaping adipose heterogeneity and treating metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wilfredo Oliva-Olivera
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Virgen de la Victoria Hospital (IBIMA), Malaga University, Malaga, Spain; Biomedical Research Networking Center for Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III (ISCIII), Malaga, Spain.
| | | | - Ferdinand von Meyenn
- Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health, ETH Zurich, CH-8603 Schwerzenbach, Switzerland
| | - Fernando Cardona
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Virgen de la Victoria Hospital (IBIMA), Malaga University, Malaga, Spain; Biomedical Research Networking Center for Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III (ISCIII), Malaga, Spain
| | - Tapio Lönnberg
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, FI-20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Francisco J Tinahones
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Virgen de la Victoria Hospital (IBIMA), Malaga University, Malaga, Spain; Biomedical Research Networking Center for Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III (ISCIII), Malaga, Spain
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18
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Efimova I, Steinberg I, Zvibel I, Neumann A, Mantelmacher DF, Drucker DJ, Fishman S, Varol C. GIPR Signaling in Immune Cells Maintains Metabolically Beneficial Type 2 Immune Responses in the White Fat From Obese Mice. Front Immunol 2021; 12:643144. [PMID: 33717200 PMCID: PMC7947693 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.643144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) communicates information on energy availability from the gut to peripheral tissues. Disruption of its signaling in myeloid immune cells during high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity impairs energy homeostasis due to the unrestrained metabolically deleterious actions of S100A8/A9 alarmin. White adipose tissue (WAT) type 2 immune cell networks are important for maintaining metabolic and energy homeostasis and limiting obesity-induced inflammation. Nevertheless, the consequences of losing immune cell GIP receptor (GIPR) signaling on type 2 immunity in WAT remains unknown. Bone marrow (BM) chimerism was used to generate mice with GIPR (Gipr-/- BM) and GIPR/S100A8/A9 (Gipr-/- /S100a9-/- BM) deletion in immune cells. These mice were subjected to short (5 weeks) and progressive (14 weeks) HFD regimens. GIPR-deficiency was also targeted to myeloid cells by crossing Giprfl/fl mice and Lyz2cre/+ mice (LysMΔGipr ). Under both short and progressive HFD regimens, Gipr-/- BM mice exhibited altered expression of key type 2 immune cytokines in the epididymal visceral WAT (epiWAT), but not in subcutaneous inguinal WAT. This was further linked to declined representation of type 2 immune cells in epiWAT, such as group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2), eosinophils, and FOXP3+ regulatory T cells (Tregs). Co-deletion of S100A8/A9 in Gipr-/- immune cells reversed the impairment of type 2 cytokine expression in epiWAT, suggesting a mechanistic role for this alarmin in type 2 immune suppression. LysMΔGipr mice on HFD also displayed altered expression of type 2 immune mediators, highlighting that GIPR-deficiency in myeloid immune cells is responsible for the impairment of type 2 immune networks. Finally, abrogated GIPR signaling in immune cells also affected adipocyte fraction cells, inducing their increased production of the beiging interfering cytokine IL-10 and stress- related type 2 cytokine IL-13. Collectively, these findings attribute an important role for GIPR in myeloid immune cells in supporting WAT type 2 immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina Efimova
- The Research Center for Digestive Tract and Liver Diseases, Tel-Aviv Sourasky Medical Center Affiliated to Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Inbar Steinberg
- The Research Center for Digestive Tract and Liver Diseases, Tel-Aviv Sourasky Medical Center Affiliated to Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Isabel Zvibel
- The Research Center for Digestive Tract and Liver Diseases, Tel-Aviv Sourasky Medical Center Affiliated to Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Anat Neumann
- The Research Center for Digestive Tract and Liver Diseases, Tel-Aviv Sourasky Medical Center Affiliated to Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Dana Fernanda Mantelmacher
- The Research Center for Digestive Tract and Liver Diseases, Tel-Aviv Sourasky Medical Center Affiliated to Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Daniel J Drucker
- The Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Sigal Fishman
- The Research Center for Digestive Tract and Liver Diseases, Tel-Aviv Sourasky Medical Center Affiliated to Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Chen Varol
- The Research Center for Digestive Tract and Liver Diseases, Tel-Aviv Sourasky Medical Center Affiliated to Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
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19
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Sardi C, Martini E, Mello T, Camelliti S, Sfondrini L, Marcucci F, Kallikourdis M, Sommariva M, Rumio C. Effect of acetylsalicylic acid on inflamed adipose tissue. Insulin resistance and hepatic steatosis in a mouse model of diet-induced obesity. Life Sci 2020; 264:118618. [PMID: 33141040 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Revised: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Obesity represents a global health problem. Excessive caloric intake promotes the release of inflammatory mediators by hypertrophic adipocytes and obesity-induced inflammation is now recognized as a risk factor for the development of several diseases, such as cardiovascular diseases, insulin resistance, type-II diabetes, liver steatosis and cancer. Since obesity causes inflammation, we tested the ability of acetylsalicylic acid (ASA), a potent anti-inflammatory drug, in counteracting this inflammatory process and in mitigating obesity-associated health complications. MAIN METHODS Mice were fed with standard (SD) or high fat diet (HFD) for 3 months and then treated with acetylsalicylic acid for the subsequent two months. We then analyzed the metabolic and inflammatory status of their adipose and liver tissue by histological, molecular and biochemical analysis. KEY FINDINGS Although ASA did not exert any effect on body weight, quantification of adipocyte size revealed that the drug slightly reduced adipocyte hypertrophy, however not sufficient so as to induce weight loss. Most importantly, ASA was able to improve insulin resistance. Gene expression profiles of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines as well as the expression of macrophage and lymphocyte markers revealed that HFD led to a marked macrophage accumulation in the adipose tissue and an increase of several pro-inflammatory cytokines, a situation almost completely reverted after ASA administration. In addition, liver steatosis caused by HFD was completely abrogated by ASA treatment. SIGNIFICANCE ASA can efficiently ameliorate pathological conditions usually associated with obesity by inhibiting the inflammatory process occurring in the adipose tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Sardi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Trentacoste 2, Milan, Italy; Adaptive Immunity Laboratory, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center IRCCS, Via Manzoni 56, 20089 Rozzano, Italy
| | - Elisa Martini
- Adaptive Immunity Laboratory, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center IRCCS, Via Manzoni 56, 20089 Rozzano, Italy
| | - Tommaso Mello
- Scienze Biomediche, Sperimentali e Cliniche 'Mario Serio', Università degli Studi di Firenze, Viale Pieraccini 6, 50139 Florence, Italy
| | - Simone Camelliti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche per la Salute, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Mangiagalli 31, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Lucia Sfondrini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche per la Salute, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Mangiagalli 31, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Marcucci
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Trentacoste 2, Milan, Italy
| | - Marinos Kallikourdis
- Adaptive Immunity Laboratory, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center IRCCS, Via Manzoni 56, 20089 Rozzano, Italy; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Via Rita Levi Montalcini 4, 20090 Pieve Emanuele, Italy
| | - Michele Sommariva
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche per la Salute, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Mangiagalli 31, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Cristiano Rumio
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Trentacoste 2, Milan, Italy.
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20
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Chung HY, Kim JH, Han IH, Ryu JS. Polarization of M2 Macrophages by Interaction between Prostate Cancer Cells Treated with Trichomonas vaginalis and Adipocytes. THE KOREAN JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY 2020; 58:217-227. [PMID: 32615735 PMCID: PMC7338904 DOI: 10.3347/kjp.2020.58.3.217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Trichomonas vaginalis causes inflammation of the prostate and has been detected in tissues of prostate cancers (PCa), prostatitis and benign prostatic hyperplasia. Obesity is a risk factor for PCa and causes a chronic subclinical inflammation. This chronic inflammation further exacerbates adipose tissue inflammation as results of migration and activation of macrophages. Macrophages are the most abundant immune cells in the PCa microenvironment. M2 macrophages, known as Tumor-Associated Macrophages, are involved in increasing cancer malignancy. In this study, conditioned medium (TCM) of PCa cells infected with live trichomonads contained chemokines that stimulated migration of the mouse preadipocytes (3T3-L1 cells). Conditioned medium of adipocytes incubated with TCM (ATCM) contained Th2 cytokines (IL-4, IL-13). Macrophage migration was stimulated by ATCM. In macrophages treated with ATCM, expression of M2 markers increased, while M1 markers decreased. Therefore, it is suggested that ATCM induces polarization of M0 to M2 macrophages. In addition, conditioned medium from the macrophages incubated with ATCM stimulates the proliferation and invasiveness of PCa. Our findings suggest that interaction between inflamed PCa treated with T. vaginalis and adipocytes causes M2 macrophage polarization, so contributing to the progression of PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyo-Yeoung Chung
- Department of Environmental Biology and Medical Parasitology, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul 04763, Korea.,Department of Biomedical Science, Hanyang University Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Seoul 04763, Korea
| | - Jung-Hyun Kim
- Department of Environmental Biology and Medical Parasitology, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul 04763, Korea.,Department of Biomedical Science, Hanyang University Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Seoul 04763, Korea
| | - Ik-Hwan Han
- Department of Environmental Biology and Medical Parasitology, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul 04763, Korea.,Department of Biomedical Science, Hanyang University Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Seoul 04763, Korea
| | - Jae-Sook Ryu
- Department of Environmental Biology and Medical Parasitology, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul 04763, Korea.,Department of Biomedical Science, Hanyang University Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Seoul 04763, Korea
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21
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Zhu Q, An YA, Kim M, Zhang Z, Zhao S, Zhu Y, Asterholm IW, Kusminski CM, Scherer PE. Suppressing adipocyte inflammation promotes insulin resistance in mice. Mol Metab 2020; 39:101010. [PMID: 32408016 PMCID: PMC7272509 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2020.101010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2020] [Revised: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Obesity-induced insulin resistance is closely associated with chronic subclinical inflammation in white adipose tissue. However, the mechanistic involvement of adipocyte-derived inflammation under these disease conditions remains unclear. Our aim was to investigate the relative inflammation-related contributions of adipocytes and macrophages to insulin sensitivity. METHODS RIDα/β is an adenoviral protein complex that inhibits several inflammatory pathways, including TLR4, TNFα, and IL1β signaling. We generated novel mouse models with adipocyte-specific and macrophage-specific doxycycline (dox)-inducible RIDα/β-transgenic mice (RIDad and RIDmac mice, respectively). RESULTS RIDα/β induction significantly reduced LPS-stimulated inflammatory markers, such as Tnf, Il1b, and Saa3 in adipose tissues. Surprisingly, RIDad mice had elevated levels of postprandial glucose and insulin and exhibited glucose intolerance and insulin resistance, even under chow-fed conditions. Moreover, the RIDad mice displayed further insulin resistance under obesogenic (high-fat diet, HFD) conditions despite reduced weight gain. In addition, under pre-existing obese and inflamed conditions on an HFD, subsequent induction of RIDα/β in RIDad mice reduced body weight gain, further exacerbating glucose tolerance, enhancing insulin resistance and fatty liver, and reducing adiponectin levels. This occurred despite effective suppression of the inflammatory pathways (including TNFα and IL1β). In contrast, RIDmac mice, upon HFD feeding, displayed similar weight gain, comparable adiponectin levels, and insulin sensitivity, suggesting that the inflammatory properties of macrophages did not exert a negative impact on metabolic readouts. RIDα/β expression and the ensuing suppression of inflammation in adipocytes enhanced adipose tissue fibrosis and reduced vascularization. CONCLUSION Our novel findings further corroborate our previous observations suggesting that suppressing adipocyte inflammation impairs adipose tissue function and promotes insulin resistance, despite beneficial effects on weight gain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingzhang Zhu
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Yu A An
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Min Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan, South Korea
| | - Zhuzhen Zhang
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Shangang Zhao
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Yi Zhu
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Ingrid Wernstedt Asterholm
- Department of Physiology/Metabolic Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Christine M Kusminski
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Philipp E Scherer
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.
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22
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Banerjee A, Singh J. Remodeling adipose tissue inflammasome for type 2 diabetes mellitus treatment: Current perspective and translational strategies. Bioeng Transl Med 2020; 5:e10150. [PMID: 32440558 PMCID: PMC7237149 DOI: 10.1002/btm2.10150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Revised: 11/07/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity-associated type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is characterized by low-grade chronic systemic inflammation that arises primarily from the white adipose tissue. The interplay between various adipose tissue-derived chemokines drives insulin resistance in T2DM and has therefore become a subject of rigorous investigation. The adipocytokines strongly associated with glucose homeostasis include tumor necrosis factor-α, various interleukins, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, adiponectin, and leptin, among others. Remodeling the adipose tissue inflammasome in obesity-associated T2DM is likely to treat the underlying cause of the disease and bring significant therapeutic benefit. Various strategies have been adopted or are being investigated to modulate the serum/tissue levels of pro- and anti-inflammatory adipocytokines to improve glucose homeostasis in T2DM. These include use of small molecule agonists/inhibitors, mimetics, antibodies, gene therapy, and other novel formulations. Here, we discuss adipocytokines that are strongly associated with insulin activity and therapies that are under investigation for modulation of their levels in the treatment of T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amrita Banerjee
- Department of Pharmaceutical SciencesNorth Dakota State UniversityFargoNorth Dakota
| | - Jagdish Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical SciencesNorth Dakota State UniversityFargoNorth Dakota
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23
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Collier JJ, Batdorf HM, Mendoza TM, Burk DH, Martin TM, Zhang J, Mynatt RL, Burke SJ. Hepatic IKKε expression is dispensable for high-fat feeding-induced increases in liver lipid content and alterations in glucose tolerance. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2020; 318:E11-E21. [PMID: 31661298 PMCID: PMC6985790 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00309.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
There are endocrine and immunological changes that occur during onset and progression of the overweight and obese states. The inhibitor of nuclear factor-κB kinase-ε (IKKε) was originally described as an inducible protein kinase; whole body gene deletion or systemic pharmaceutical targeting of this kinase improved insulin sensitivity and glucose tolerance in mice. To investigate the primary sites of action associated with IKKε during weight gain, we describe the first mouse line with conditional elimination of IKKε in the liver (IKKεAlb-/-). IKKεAlb-/- mice and littermate controls gain weight, show similar changes in body composition, and do not display any improvements in insulin sensitivity or whole body glucose tolerance. These studies were conducted using breeder chow diets and matched low- vs. high-fat diets. While glycogen accumulation in the liver is reduced in IKKεAlb-/- mice, lipid storage in liver is similar in IKKεAlb-/- mice and littermate controls. Our results using IKKεAlb-/- mice suggest that the primary action of this kinase to impact insulin sensitivity during weight gain lies predominantly within extrahepatic tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Jason Collier
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana
| | - Heidi M Batdorf
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana
| | - Tamra M Mendoza
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana
| | - David H Burk
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana
| | - Thomas M Martin
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana
| | - Jingying Zhang
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana
| | | | - Susan J Burke
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana
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24
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Lu W, Park SH, Meng Z, Wang F, Zhou C. Deficiency of Adipocyte IKKβ Affects Atherosclerotic Plaque Vulnerability in Obese LDLR Deficient Mice. J Am Heart Assoc 2019; 8:e012009. [PMID: 31203708 PMCID: PMC6645619 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.119.012009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Background Obesity‐associated chronic inflammation has been known to contribute to atherosclerosis development, but the underlying mechanisms remain elusive. Recent studies have revealed novel functions of IKKβ (inhibitor of NF‐κB [nuclear factor κB] kinase β), a key coordinator of inflammation through activation of NF‐κB, in atherosclerosis and adipose tissue development. However, it is not clear whether IKKβ signaling in adipocytes can also affect atherogenesis. This study aims to investigate the impact of adipocyte IKKβ expression on atherosclerosis development in lean and obese LDLR (low‐density lipoprotein receptor)–deficient (LDLR−/−) mice. Methods and Results To define the role of adipocyte IKKβ in atherogenesis, we generated adipocyte‐specific IKKβ‐deficient LDLR−/− (IKKβΔAdLDLR−/−) mice. Targeted deletion of IKKβ in adipocytes did not affect adiposity and atherosclerosis in lean LDLR−/− mice when fed a low‐fat diet. In response to high‐fat feeding, however, IKKβΔAdLDLR−/− mice had defective adipose remodeling and increased adipose tissue and systemic inflammation. Deficiency of adipocyte IKKβ did not affect atherosclerotic lesion sizes but resulted in enhanced lesional inflammation and increased plaque vulnerability in obese IKKβΔAdLDLR−/− mice. Conclusions These data demonstrate that adipocyte IKKβ signaling affects the evolution of atherosclerosis plaque vulnerability in obese LDLR−/− mice. This study suggests that the functions of IKKβ signaling in atherogenesis are complex, and IKKβ in different cell types or tissues may have different effects on atherosclerosis development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Lu
- 1 Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences University of Kentucky Lexington KY
| | - Se-Hyung Park
- 1 Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences University of Kentucky Lexington KY
| | - Zhaojie Meng
- 1 Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences University of Kentucky Lexington KY
| | - Fang Wang
- 1 Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences University of Kentucky Lexington KY
| | - Changcheng Zhou
- 1 Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences University of Kentucky Lexington KY.,2 Saha Cardiovascular Research Center University of Kentucky Lexington KY
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25
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Ben J, Jiang B, Wang D, Liu Q, Zhang Y, Qi Y, Tong X, Chen L, Liu X, Zhang Y, Zhu X, Li X, Zhang H, Bai H, Yang Q, Ma J, Wiemer EAC, Xu Y, Chen Q. Major vault protein suppresses obesity and atherosclerosis through inhibiting IKK-NF-κB signaling mediated inflammation. Nat Commun 2019; 10:1801. [PMID: 30996248 PMCID: PMC6470148 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-09588-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2018] [Accepted: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophage-orchestrated, low-grade chronic inflammation plays a pivotal role in obesity and atherogenesis. However, the underlying regulatory mechanisms remain incompletely understood. Here, we identify major vault protein (MVP), the main component of unique cellular ribonucleoprotein particles, as a suppressor for NF-κB signaling in macrophages. Both global and myeloid-specific MVP gene knockout aggravates high-fat diet induced obesity, insulin resistance, hepatic steatosis and atherosclerosis in mice. The exacerbated metabolic disorders caused by MVP deficiency are accompanied with increased macrophage infiltration and heightened inflammatory responses in the microenvironments. In vitro studies reveal that MVP interacts with TRAF6 preventing its recruitment to IRAK1 and subsequent oligomerization and ubiquitination. Overexpression of MVP and its α-helical domain inhibits the activity of TRAF6 and suppresses macrophage inflammation. Our results demonstrate that macrophage MVP constitutes a key constraint of NF-κB signaling thereby suppressing metabolic diseases. Metabolic diseases are associated with chronic, low-grade inflammation. Here the authors show that major vault protein (MVP) suppresses NF-κB signalling in macrophages via an IRAK1–TRAF6 axis and that loss of MVP in myeloid cells exacerbates the inflammatory response in mice fed a high fat diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Ben
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease and Molecular Intervention, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China.
| | - Bin Jiang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease and Molecular Intervention, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Dongdong Wang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease and Molecular Intervention, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Qingling Liu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease and Molecular Intervention, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Yongjing Zhang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease and Molecular Intervention, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Yu Qi
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease and Molecular Intervention, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Xing Tong
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease and Molecular Intervention, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Lili Chen
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease and Molecular Intervention, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Xianzhong Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Bayi Clinical Medicine School, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210002, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease and Molecular Intervention, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Xudong Zhu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease and Molecular Intervention, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Xiaoyu Li
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease and Molecular Intervention, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Hanwen Zhang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease and Molecular Intervention, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Hui Bai
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease and Molecular Intervention, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Qing Yang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease and Molecular Intervention, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Junqing Ma
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease and Molecular Intervention, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Erik A C Wiemer
- Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam 3000 CA, The Netherlands
| | - Yong Xu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease and Molecular Intervention, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Qi Chen
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease and Molecular Intervention, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China.
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26
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Xu M, Liu PP, Li H. Innate Immune Signaling and Its Role in Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases. Physiol Rev 2019; 99:893-948. [PMID: 30565509 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00065.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The innate immune system is an evolutionarily conserved system that senses and defends against infection and irritation. Innate immune signaling is a complex cascade that quickly recognizes infectious threats through multiple germline-encoded cell surface or cytoplasmic receptors and transmits signals for the deployment of proper countermeasures through adaptors, kinases, and transcription factors, resulting in the production of cytokines. As the first response of the innate immune system to pathogenic signals, inflammatory responses must be rapid and specific to establish a physical barrier against the spread of infection and must subsequently be terminated once the pathogens have been cleared. Long-lasting and low-grade chronic inflammation is a distinguishing feature of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular diseases, which are currently major public health problems. Cardiometabolic stress-induced inflammatory responses activate innate immune signaling, which directly contributes to the development of cardiometabolic diseases. Additionally, although the innate immune elements are highly conserved in higher-order jawed vertebrates, lower-grade jawless vertebrates lack several transcription factors and inflammatory cytokine genes downstream of the Toll-like receptors (TLRs) and retinoic acid-inducible gene-I (RIG-I)-like receptors (RLRs) pathways, suggesting that innate immune signaling components may additionally function in an immune-independent way. Notably, recent studies from our group and others have revealed that innate immune signaling can function as a vital regulator of cardiometabolic homeostasis independent of its immune function. Therefore, further investigation of innate immune signaling in cardiometabolic systems may facilitate the discovery of new strategies to manage the initiation and progression of cardiometabolic disorders, leading to better treatments for these diseases. In this review, we summarize the current progress in innate immune signaling studies and the regulatory function of innate immunity in cardiometabolic diseases. Notably, we highlight the immune-independent effects of innate immune signaling components on the development of cardiometabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Xu
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University , Wuhan , China ; Medical Research Center, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University , Wuhan , China ; Animal Experiment Center, Wuhan University , Wuhan , China ; Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, Ontario , Canada
| | - Peter P Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University , Wuhan , China ; Medical Research Center, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University , Wuhan , China ; Animal Experiment Center, Wuhan University , Wuhan , China ; Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, Ontario , Canada
| | - Hongliang Li
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University , Wuhan , China ; Medical Research Center, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University , Wuhan , China ; Animal Experiment Center, Wuhan University , Wuhan , China ; Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, Ontario , Canada
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27
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Thomalla M, Schmid A, Neumann E, Pfefferle PI, Müller-Ladner U, Schäffler A, Karrasch T. Evidence of an anti-inflammatory toll-like receptor 9 (TLR 9) pathway in adipocytes. J Endocrinol 2019; 240:325-343. [PMID: 30508414 DOI: 10.1530/joe-18-0326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2018] [Accepted: 11/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Adipocytes express various pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) such as Toll-like receptors (TLRs) and actively participate in anti-bacterial and anti-viral host defence. Obesity is associated with adipose tissue PRR expression. The potential role of Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9) in adipocytes has not yet been investigated. Here, we evaluated TLR9 expression during adipocyte differentiation (AD) of 3T3-L1 adipocytes, in primary murine adipocytes and in different murine and human adipose tissue depots by real-time PCR, immunocytochemistry and immunohistochemistry. TLR9 expression was inhibited using specific siRNA-mediated knockdown, and TLR9 signaling was induced using specific class A, B and C agonistic CpG-oligodeoxynucleotide (ODN) treatment vs ODN controls in 3T3-L1 adipocytes and in primary murine adipocytes from Tlr9wt/wt vs Tlr9-/- mice. We found that TLR9 gene expression is induced during AD and that TLR9 protein is expressed in murine gonadal and human visceral adipocytes. AD depends on intact TLR9 expression. Tlr9-/- mice demonstrate significantly reduced adiponectin serum levels, while siRNA-mediated TLR9 knockdown led to reduced adiponectin mRNA expression in adipocytes. TLR9 ligands (CpG-ODNs) inhibit pro-inflammatory resistin secretion in mature 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Tlr9-/- as compared to Tlr9wt/wt adipocytes exhibit increased resistin and MCP1 secretion and reduced adiponectin secretion into cell culture supernatants, while TLR9 ligands (ODNs) show differential effects in Tlr9-/- vs Tlr9wt/wt primary murine adipocytes. TLR9 expression is significantly increased in visceral compared to subcutaneous adipose tissue depots in non-diabetic obese patients and correlates with systemic resistin levels in a compartment-specific manner. Thus, adipocytic TLR9 is a putative, new protective factor during (obesity-associated) adipose tissue inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Thomalla
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Giessen University Hospital, Giessen, Germany
| | - Andreas Schmid
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Giessen University Hospital, Giessen, Germany
| | - Elena Neumann
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Giessen and Kerckhoff Clinic, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Petra Ina Pfefferle
- Comprehensive Biomaterial Bank Marburg (CBBMR), Philipps-University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Ulf Müller-Ladner
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Giessen and Kerckhoff Clinic, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Andreas Schäffler
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Giessen University Hospital, Giessen, Germany
| | - Thomas Karrasch
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Giessen University Hospital, Giessen, Germany
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28
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Daryabor G, Kabelitz D, Kalantar K. An update on immune dysregulation in obesity-related insulin resistance. Scand J Immunol 2019; 89:e12747. [PMID: 30593678 DOI: 10.1111/sji.12747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Revised: 12/22/2018] [Accepted: 12/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is associated with chronic low-grade inflammation of the adipose tissue (AT) that might develop into systemic inflammation, insulin resistance (IR) and an increased risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in severe obese rodents and humans. In the lean state, small normal adipocytes and AT macrophages interact with each other to maintain metabolic homeostasis but during obesity, enlarged adipocytes secrete inflammatory mediators and express immune receptors to recruit immune cells and aggravate the inflammation. The better understanding of the obesity-related inflammatory milieu and the sequential events leading to IR could be helpful in designing new preventive and therapeutic strategies. The present review will discuss the cellular and molecular abnormalities participating in the pathogenesis of obesity in obese individuals as well as high-fat diet (HFD)-fed mice, a mouse model of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gholamreza Daryabor
- Department of Immunology, Shiraz Medical School, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | | | - Kurosh Kalantar
- Department of Immunology, Shiraz Medical School, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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29
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Tang Y, Kwon H, Neel BA, Kasher-Meron M, Pessin JB, Yamada E, Pessin JE. The fructose-2,6-bisphosphatase TIGAR suppresses NF-κB signaling by directly inhibiting the linear ubiquitin assembly complex LUBAC. J Biol Chem 2018; 293:7578-7591. [PMID: 29650758 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra118.002727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2018] [Revised: 04/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The systems integration of whole-body metabolism and immune signaling are central homeostatic mechanisms necessary for maintenance of normal physiology, and dysregulation of these processes leads to a variety of chronic disorders. However, the intracellular mechanisms responsible for cell-autonomous cross-talk between the inflammatory signaling pathways and metabolic flux have remained enigmatic. In this study, we discovered that the fructose-2,6-bisphosphatase TIGAR (Tp53-induced glycolysis and apoptosis regulator) critically regulates NF-κB activation. We found that TIGAR potently inhibits NF-κB-dependent gene expression by suppressing the upstream activation of IKKβ phosphorylation and kinase activation. This inhibition occurred through a direct binding competition between NEMO and TIGAR for association with the linear ubiquitination assembly complex (LUBAC). This competition prevented linear ubiquitination of NEMO, which is required for activation of IKKβ and other downstream targets. Furthermore, a TIGAR phosphatase activity-deficient mutant was equally effective as WT TIGAR in inhibiting NEMO linear ubiquitination, IKKβ phosphorylation/activation, and NF-κB signaling, indicating that TIGAR's effect on NF-κB signaling is due to its interaction with LUBAC. Physiologically, TIGAR knockout mice displayed enhanced adipose tissue NF-κB signaling, whereas adipocyte-specific overexpression of TIGAR suppressed adipose tissue NF-κB signaling. Together, these results demonstrate that TIGAR has a nonenzymatic molecular function that modulates the NF-κB signaling pathway by directly inhibiting the E3 ligase activity of LUBAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Tang
- From the Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York 10461
| | - Hyokjoon Kwon
- the Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson School of Medicine, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854
| | | | - Michal Kasher-Meron
- From the Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York 10461
| | - Jacob B Pessin
- From the Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York 10461
| | - Eijiro Yamada
- the Department of Medicine and Molecular Science, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi 371-8511, Japan, and
| | - Jeffrey E Pessin
- From the Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York 10461, .,the Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York 10461
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30
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Song Z, Revelo X, Shao W, Tian L, Zeng K, Lei H, Sun HS, Woo M, Winer D, Jin T. Dietary Curcumin Intervention Targets Mouse White Adipose Tissue Inflammation and Brown Adipose Tissue UCP1 Expression. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2018; 26:547-558. [PMID: 29405636 DOI: 10.1002/oby.22110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2017] [Revised: 12/01/2017] [Accepted: 12/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to determine whether dietary curcumin intervention targets both white adipose tissue (WAT) inflammation and brown adipose tissue (BAT)-mediated energy expenditure. METHODS C57BL/6J mice were fed with a low-fat diet, high-fat diet (HFD), or HFD plus curcumin. In addition to assessing the effect of curcumin intervention on metabolic profiles, this study assessed WAT macrophage infiltration and composition and inflammatory cytokine production. Metabolic cages were applied for determining energy expenditure. Raw264.7 (ATCC, Manassas, Virginia) and other cell models were utilized to test the in vitro effect of curcumin treatment. RESULTS Curcumin intervention reduced WAT macrophage infiltration and altered macrophage functional polarity, as the ratio of M2-like versus M1-like macrophages increased after curcumin intervention. Curcumin treatment reduced M1-like macrophage markers or proinflammation cytokine expression in both macrophages and adipocytes. Curcumin intervention also increased energy expenditure and body temperature in response to a cold challenge. Finally, the in vivo and in vitro investigations suggested that curcumin increased expression of uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1), possibly involving PPAR-dependent and -independent mechanisms. CONCLUSIONS Curcumin intervention targets both WAT inflammation and BAT UCP1 expression. These observations advanced our knowledge on the metabolic beneficial effects of the curry compound curcumin, bringing us a novel perspective on dietary polyphenol research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuolun Song
- Division of Advanced Diagnostics, Toronto General Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Banting & Best Diabetes Centre, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Xavier Revelo
- Banting & Best Diabetes Centre, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Diabetes Research Group, Toronto General Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Weijuan Shao
- Division of Advanced Diagnostics, Toronto General Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Lili Tian
- Division of Advanced Diagnostics, Toronto General Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Banting & Best Diabetes Centre, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kejing Zeng
- Division of Advanced Diagnostics, Toronto General Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Helena Lei
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Diabetes Research Group, Toronto General Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Hong-Shuo Sun
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Minna Woo
- Banting & Best Diabetes Centre, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Diabetes Research Group, Toronto General Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Daniel Winer
- Banting & Best Diabetes Centre, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Diabetes Research Group, Toronto General Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Tianru Jin
- Division of Advanced Diagnostics, Toronto General Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Banting & Best Diabetes Centre, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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31
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Kim JH, Lee E, Friedline RH, Suk S, Jung DY, Dagdeviren S, Hu X, Inashima K, Noh HL, Kwon JY, Nambu A, Huh JR, Han MS, Davis RJ, Lee AS, Lee KW, Kim JK. Endoplasmic reticulum chaperone GRP78 regulates macrophage function and insulin resistance in diet-induced obesity. FASEB J 2018; 32:2292-2304. [PMID: 29242277 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201701017r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Obesity-mediated inflammation is a major cause of insulin resistance, and macrophages play an important role in this process. The 78-kDa glucose-regulated protein (GRP78) is a major endoplasmic reticulum chaperone that modulates unfolded protein response (UPR), and mice with GRP78 heterozygosity were resistant to diet-induced obesity. Here, we show that mice with macrophage-selective ablation of GRP78 (Lyz- GRP78-/-) are protected from skeletal muscle insulin resistance without changes in obesity compared with wild-type mice after 9 wk of high-fat diet. GRP78-deficient macrophages demonstrated adapted UPR with up-regulation of activating transcription factor (ATF)-4 and M2-polarization markers. Diet-induced adipose tissue inflammation was reduced, and bone marrow-derived macrophages from Lyz- GRP78-/- mice demonstrated a selective increase in IL-6 expression. Serum IL-13 levels were elevated by >4-fold in Lyz- GRP78-/- mice, and IL-6 stimulated the myocyte expression of IL-13 and IL-13 receptor. Lastly, recombinant IL-13 acutely increased glucose metabolism in Lyz- GRP78-/- mice. Taken together, our data indicate that GRP78 deficiency activates UPR by increasing ATF-4, and promotes M2-polarization of macrophages with a selective increase in IL-6 secretion. Macrophage-derived IL-6 stimulates the myocyte expression of IL-13 and regulates muscle glucose metabolism in a paracrine manner. Thus, our findings identify a novel crosstalk between macrophages and skeletal muscle in the modulation of obesity-mediated insulin resistance.-Kim, J. H., Lee, E., Friedline, R. H., Suk, S., Jung, D. Y., Dagdeviren, S., Hu, X., Inashima, K., Noh, H. L., Kwon, J. Y., Nambu, A., Huh, J. R., Han, M. S., Davis, R. J., Lee, A. S., Lee, K. W., Kim, J. K. Endoplasmic reticulum chaperone GRP78 regulates macrophage function and insulin resistance in diet-induced obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong Hun Kim
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Eunjung Lee
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Randall H Friedline
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Sujin Suk
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Dae Young Jung
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Sezin Dagdeviren
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Xiaodi Hu
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Kunikazu Inashima
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Hye Lim Noh
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jung Yeon Kwon
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Aya Nambu
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jun R Huh
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Myoung Sook Han
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Roger J Davis
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Amy S Lee
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Ki Won Lee
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea.,Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea.,Wellness Emergence Center, Advanced Institutes of Convergence Technology, Seoul National University, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Jason K Kim
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea.,Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Diabetes, Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
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32
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Martínez-Reyes CP, Gómez-Arauz AY, Torres-Castro I, Manjarrez-Reyna AN, Palomera LF, Olivos-García A, Mendoza-Tenorio E, Sánchez-Medina GA, Islas-Andrade S, Melendez-Mier G, Escobedo G. Serum Levels of Interleukin-13 Increase in Subjects with Insulin Resistance but Do Not Correlate with Markers of Low-Grade Systemic Inflammation. J Diabetes Res 2018; 2018:7209872. [PMID: 29675435 PMCID: PMC5841096 DOI: 10.1155/2018/7209872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2017] [Revised: 12/07/2017] [Accepted: 12/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Experimental evidence in mice suggests a role for interleukin- (IL-) 13 in insulin resistance and low-grade systemic inflammation. However, IL-13 serum levels have not been assessed in subjects with insulin resistance, and associations of IL-13 with parameters of low-grade systemic inflammation are still unknown. Our main goal was to examine the systemic levels of IL-13 in patients with insulin resistance, while also studying the relationship of IL-13 with anthropometric, metabolic, and low-grade systemic inflammatory markers. Ninety-two participants were included in the study and divided into insulin-resistant patients and noninsulin-resistant controls. Blood levels of IL-13, glucose, insulin, triglycerides, cholesterol, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), IL-10, proinflammatory (Mon-CD11c+CD206-), and anti-inflammatory (Mon-CD11c-CD206+) monocytes, as well as anthropometric parameters, were measured in all volunteers. Insulin-resistant patients showed 2.5-fold higher serum levels of IL-13 than controls (P < 0.0001) and significantly increased values of TNF-α and Mon-CD11c+CD206-, with concomitant reductions in IL-10 and Mon-CD11c-CD206+. Increased IL-13 was extraordinarily well associated with hyperglycemia (r = 0.7362) and hypertriglyceridemia (r = 0.7632) but unexpectedly exhibited no significant correlations with TNF-α (r = 0.2907), IL-10 (r = -0.3882), Mon-CD11c+CD206- (r = 0.2745) or Mon-CD11c-CD206+ (r = -0.3237). This study demonstrates that IL-13 serum levels are elevated in patients with insulin resistance without showing correlation with parameters of low-grade systemic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camilo P. Martínez-Reyes
- Unit of Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, National University of Mexico, General Hospital of Mexico “Dr. Eduardo Liceaga”, 06726 Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Angélica Y. Gómez-Arauz
- Unit of Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, National University of Mexico, General Hospital of Mexico “Dr. Eduardo Liceaga”, 06726 Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Israel Torres-Castro
- Unit of Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, National University of Mexico, General Hospital of Mexico “Dr. Eduardo Liceaga”, 06726 Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Aarón N. Manjarrez-Reyna
- Unit of Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, National University of Mexico, General Hospital of Mexico “Dr. Eduardo Liceaga”, 06726 Mexico City, Mexico
| | - León F. Palomera
- Unit of Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, National University of Mexico, General Hospital of Mexico “Dr. Eduardo Liceaga”, 06726 Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Alfonso Olivos-García
- Departamento de Medicina Experimental, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 04510 México, DF, Mexico
| | - Edith Mendoza-Tenorio
- Departamento de Medicina Experimental, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 04510 México, DF, Mexico
| | | | - Sergio Islas-Andrade
- Research Division, General Hospital of Mexico “Dr. Eduardo Liceaga”, 06726 Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Guillermo Melendez-Mier
- Research Division, General Hospital of Mexico “Dr. Eduardo Liceaga”, 06726 Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Galileo Escobedo
- Unit of Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, National University of Mexico, General Hospital of Mexico “Dr. Eduardo Liceaga”, 06726 Mexico City, Mexico
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33
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Muniappan L, Javidan A, Jiang W, Mohammadmoradi S, Moorleghen JJ, Katz WS, Balakrishnan A, Howatt DA, Subramanian V. Calpain Inhibition Attenuates Adipose Tissue Inflammation and Fibrosis in Diet-induced Obese Mice. Sci Rep 2017; 7:14398. [PMID: 29089532 PMCID: PMC5663911 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-14719-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2017] [Accepted: 10/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Adipose tissue macrophages have been proposed as a link between obesity and insulin resistance. However, the mechanisms underlying these processes are not completely defined. Calpains are calcium-dependent neutral cysteine proteases that modulate cellular function and have been implicated in various inflammatory diseases. To define whether activated calpains influence diet-induced obesity and adipose tissue macrophage accumulation, mice that were either wild type (WT) or overexpressing calpastatin (CAST Tg), the endogenous inhibitor of calpains were fed with high (60% kcal) fat diet for 16 weeks. CAST overexpression did not influence high fat diet-induced body weight and fat mass gain throughout the study. Calpain inhibition showed a transient improvement in glucose tolerance at 5 weeks of HFD whereas it lost this effect on glucose and insulin tolerance at 16 weeks HFD in obese mice. However, CAST overexpression significantly reduced adipocyte apoptosis, adipose tissue collagen and macrophage accumulation as detected by TUNEL, Picro Sirius and F4/80 immunostaining, respectively. CAST overexpression significantly attenuated obesity-induced inflammatory responses in adipose tissue. Furthermore, calpain inhibition suppressed macrophage migration to adipose tissue in vitro. The present study demonstrates a pivotal role for calpains in mediating HFD-induced adipose tissue remodeling by influencing multiple functions including apoptosis, fibrosis and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Latha Muniappan
- Saha Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Aida Javidan
- Saha Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Weihua Jiang
- Saha Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | | | | | - Wendy S Katz
- Saha Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Anju Balakrishnan
- Saha Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Deborah A Howatt
- Saha Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Venkateswaran Subramanian
- Saha Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA.
- Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA.
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34
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Hotamisligil GS. Foundations of Immunometabolism and Implications for Metabolic Health and Disease. Immunity 2017; 47:406-420. [PMID: 28930657 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2017.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 285] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2017] [Revised: 06/06/2017] [Accepted: 08/16/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Highly ordered interactions between immune and metabolic responses are evolutionarily conserved and paramount for tissue and organismal health. Disruption of these interactions underlies the emergence of many pathologies, particularly chronic non-communicable diseases such as obesity and diabetes. Here, we examine decades of research identifying the complex immunometabolic signaling networks and the cellular and molecular events that occur in the setting of altered nutrient and energy exposures and offer a historical perspective. Furthermore, we describe recent advances such as the discovery that a broad complement of immune cells play a role in immunometabolism and the emerging evidence that nutrients and metabolites modulate inflammatory pathways. Lastly, we discuss how this work may eventually lead to tangible therapeutic advancements to promote health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gökhan S Hotamisligil
- Department of Genetics and Complex Diseases and Sabri Ülker Center, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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35
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Inflammation, metaflammation and immunometabolic disorders. Nature 2017; 542:177-185. [PMID: 28179656 DOI: 10.1038/nature21363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1333] [Impact Index Per Article: 190.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2015] [Accepted: 01/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Proper regulation and management of energy, substrate diversity and quantity, as well as macromolecular synthesis and breakdown processes, are fundamental to cellular and organismal survival and are paramount to health. Cellular and multicellular organization are defended by the immune response, a robust and critical system through which self is distinguished from non-self, pathogenic signals are recognized and eliminated, and tissue homeostasis is safeguarded. Many layers of evolutionarily conserved interactions occur between immune response and metabolism. Proper maintenance of this delicate balance is crucial for health and has important implications for many pathological states such as obesity, diabetes, and other chronic non-communicable diseases.
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36
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Maternal cytokine status may prime the metabolic profile and increase risk of obesity in children. Int J Obes (Lond) 2017; 41:1440-1446. [PMID: 28487553 DOI: 10.1038/ijo.2017.113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2016] [Revised: 03/16/2017] [Accepted: 03/26/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The maternal inflammation status during pregnancy has been associated with metabolic imprinting and obesity development in the child. However, the influence of the maternal Th2 cytokines, interleukin-4 (IL4), IL5 and IL13, has not been studied so far. METHODS We investigated the relationship between maternal innate (IL6, IL8, IL10 and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFa)) and adaptive (interferon-γ, IL4, IL5 and IL13) blood cytokine levels at 34 weeks of gestation and children's overweight development until the age of 3 years in 407 children of the German longitudinal LINA (Lifestyle and Environmental Factors and their Influence on Newborns Allergy risk) cohort. Children's body weight and height were measured during the annual clinical visits or acquired from questionnaires. Body mass index (BMI) Z-scores were calculated according to the WHO reference data to adjust for child's age and gender. Cytokine secretion was stimulated with phytohemagglutinin or lipopolysaccharide and measured by cytometric bead assay. Furthermore, we assessed metabolic parameter in blood of 318 children at age 1 using the AbsoluteIDQ p180 Kit (Biocrates LIFE Science AG). RESULTS Applying logistic regression models, we found that an increase of maternal IL4 and IL13 was associated with a decreased risk for overweight development in 1- and 2-year-old children. This effect was consistent up to the age of 3 years for IL13 and mainly concerns children without maternal history of atopy. Children's acylcarnitine concentrations at 1 year were positively correlated with maternal IL13 levels and inversely associated with the BMI Z-score at age 1. CONCLUSIONS We were able to show for the first time that the maternal Th2 status may be linked inversely to early childhood overweight development accompanied by an altered metabolic profile of the fetus. However, our data do not support a direct mediating role of acylcarnitines on maternal IL13-induced weight development.
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37
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Bo L, Yi-Can Y, Qing Z, Xiao-Hui W, Ke H, Chao-Chun Z. Elevated tumour necrosis factor-alpha was associated with intima thickening in obese children. Acta Paediatr 2017; 106:627-633. [PMID: 28036103 DOI: 10.1111/apa.13737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2016] [Revised: 11/06/2016] [Accepted: 12/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AIM This study investigated the relationship between intima-media thickness (IMT) and immune parameters in obese children from five to 16 years of age. METHODS We enrolled 185 obese children with a mean age of 10.65 ± 2.10 years and 211 controls with a mean age of 10.32 ± 1.81 years. Glycometabolism, lipid metabolism, sex hormones, immune indices and carotid IMT were measured. RESULTS Serum interleukin (IL)-6, IL-10, tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, white blood cells and common and internal carotid artery IMTs in the obese group were higher than those in the control group (p < 0.05, respectively). Bivariate correlation analysis showed that the common carotid arterial IMT was positively correlated with alanine aminotransferase, triglyceride, uric acid, apolipoprotein B, IL-6, IL-10, TNF-alpha, follicle-stimulating hormone and testosterone. Internal carotid artery IMT was positively correlated with alanine aminotransferase and follicle-stimulating hormone. Both common and internal carotid artery IMTs were inversely correlated with apolipoprotein A1 (p < 0.05, respectively). Stepwise multiple regression analysis showed that testosterone, alanine aminotransferase and TNF-alpha were the independent determinants of common carotid arterial IMT. CONCLUSION Tumour necrosis factor-alpha, alanine aminotransferase and testosterone were associated with intima thickening in the early life in obese children and may increase later risks of premature atherogenicity and adult cardio-cerebrovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luo Bo
- Department of Endocrinology; Children's Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine; Hangzhou China
- Department of Paediatrics; Zhuji People's Hospital; Shaoxing China
| | - Yang Yi-Can
- Department of Endocrinology; Children's Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine; Hangzhou China
| | - Zhou Qing
- Department of Endocrinology; Children's Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine; Hangzhou China
| | - Wu Xiao-Hui
- Department of Endocrinology; Children's Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine; Hangzhou China
| | - Huang Ke
- Department of Endocrinology; Children's Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine; Hangzhou China
| | - Zou Chao-Chun
- Department of Endocrinology; Children's Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine; Hangzhou China
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38
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Mancini SJ, White AD, Bijland S, Rutherford C, Graham D, Richter EA, Viollet B, Touyz RM, Palmer TM, Salt IP. Activation of AMP-activated protein kinase rapidly suppresses multiple pro-inflammatory pathways in adipocytes including IL-1 receptor-associated kinase-4 phosphorylation. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2017; 440:44-56. [PMID: 27840174 PMCID: PMC5228585 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2016.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2016] [Revised: 11/08/2016] [Accepted: 11/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Inflammation of adipose tissue in obesity is associated with increased IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α secretion and proposed to contribute to insulin resistance. AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) regulates nutrient metabolism and is reported to have anti-inflammatory actions in adipose tissue, yet the mechanisms underlying this remain poorly characterised. The effect of AMPK activation on cytokine-stimulated proinflammatory signalling was therefore assessed in cultured adipocytes. AMPK activation inhibited IL-1β-stimulated CXCL10 secretion, associated with reduced interleukin-1 receptor associated kinase-4 (IRAK4) phosphorylation and downregulated MKK4/JNK and IKK/IκB/NFκB signalling. AMPK activation inhibited TNF-α-stimulated IKK/IκB/NFκB signalling but had no effect on JNK phosphorylation. The JAK/STAT3 pathway was also suppressed by AMPK after IL-6 stimulation and during adipogenesis. Adipose tissue from AMPKα1-/- mice exhibited increased JNK and STAT3 phosphorylation, supporting suppression of these distinct proinflammatory pathways by AMPK in vivo. The inhibition of multiple pro-inflammatory signalling pathways by AMPK may underlie the reported beneficial effects of AMPK activation in adipose tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah J Mancini
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - Anna D White
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - Silvia Bijland
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - Claire Rutherford
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - Delyth Graham
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - Erik A Richter
- Section of Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Benoit Viollet
- INSERM, U1016, Institut Cochin, Paris, France; CNRS, UMR8104, Paris, France; Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, France
| | - Rhian M Touyz
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - Timothy M Palmer
- School of Pharmacy, University of Bradford, Bradford, West Yorkshire, BD7 1DP, United Kingdom
| | - Ian P Salt
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, United Kingdom.
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39
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Zabetian-Targhi F, Mirzaei K, Keshavarz SA, Hossein-Nezhad A. Modulatory Role of Omentin-1 in Inflammation: Cytokines and Dietary Intake. J Am Coll Nutr 2016; 35:670-678. [DOI: 10.1080/07315724.2015.1126207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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40
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Park SH, Liu Z, Sui Y, Helsley RN, Zhu B, Powell DK, Kern PA, Zhou C. IKKβ Is Essential for Adipocyte Survival and Adaptive Adipose Remodeling in Obesity. Diabetes 2016; 65:1616-29. [PMID: 26993069 PMCID: PMC4878418 DOI: 10.2337/db15-1156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2015] [Accepted: 03/09/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
IκB kinase β (IKKβ), a central coordinator of inflammatory responses through activation of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), has been implicated as a critical molecular link between inflammation and metabolic disorders; however, the role of adipocyte IKKβ in obesity and related metabolic disorders remains elusive. Here we report an essential role of IKKβ in the regulation of adipose remodeling and adipocyte survival in diet-induced obesity. Targeted deletion of IKKβ in adipocytes does not affect body weight, food intake, and energy expenditure but results in an exaggerated diabetic phenotype when challenged with a high-fat diet (HFD). IKKβ-deficient mice have multiple histopathologies in visceral adipose tissue, including increased adipocyte death, amplified macrophage infiltration, and defective adaptive adipose remodeling. Deficiency of IKKβ also leads to increased adipose lipolysis, elevated plasma free fatty acid (FFA) levels, and impaired insulin signaling. Mechanistic studies demonstrated that IKKβ is a key adipocyte survival factor and that IKKβ protects murine and human adipocytes from HFD- or FFA-elicited cell death through NF-κB-dependent upregulation of antiapoptotic proteins and NF-κB-independent inactivation of proapoptotic BAD protein. Our findings establish IKKβ as critical for adipocyte survival and adaptive adipose remodeling in obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Se-Hyung Park
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY
| | - Zun Liu
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY
| | - Yipeng Sui
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY
| | - Robert N Helsley
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY
| | - Beibei Zhu
- Department of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY
| | - David K Powell
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY
| | - Philip A Kern
- Department of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY
| | - Changcheng Zhou
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY Saha Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY
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41
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Deming Y, Xia J, Cai Y, Lord J, Del-Aguila JL, Fernandez MV, Carrell D, Black K, Budde J, Ma S, Saef B, Howells B, Bertelsen S, Bailey M, Ridge PG, Holtzman D, Morris JC, Bales K, Pickering EH, Lee JM, Heitsch L, Kauwe J, Goate A, Piccio L, Cruchaga C. Genetic studies of plasma analytes identify novel potential biomarkers for several complex traits. Sci Rep 2016; 6:18092. [PMID: 36647296 PMCID: PMC4698720 DOI: 10.1038/srep18092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2015] [Accepted: 11/11/2015] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Genome-wide association studies of 146 plasma protein levels in 818 individuals revealed 56 genome-wide significant associations (28 novel) with 47 analytes. Loci associated with plasma levels of 39 proteins tested have been previously associated with various complex traits such as heart disease, inflammatory bowel disease, Type 2 diabetes and multiple sclerosis. These data suggest that these plasma protein levels may constitute informative endophenotypes for these complex traits. We found three potential pleiotropic genes: ABO for plasma SELE and ACE levels, FUT2 for CA19-9 and CEA plasma levels and APOE for ApoE and CRP levels. We also found multiple independent signals in loci associated with plasma levels of ApoH, CA19-9, FetuinA, IL6r and LPa. Our study highlights the power of biological traits for genetic studies to identify genetic variants influencing clinically relevant traits, potential pleiotropic effects and complex disease associations in the same locus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuetiva Deming
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Ave. B8134, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Jian Xia
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Ave. B8134, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, P.R. China
| | - Yefei Cai
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Ave. B8134, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Jenny Lord
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Ave. B8134, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
- Human Genetics Programme, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Cambridge, CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Jorge L. Del-Aguila
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Ave. B8134, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Maria Victoria Fernandez
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Ave. B8134, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - David Carrell
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Ave. B8134, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Kathleen Black
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Ave. B8134, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - John Budde
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Ave. B8134, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - ShengMei Ma
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Ave. B8134, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Benjamin Saef
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Ave. B8134, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Bill Howells
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Ave. B8134, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Sarah Bertelsen
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Ave. B8134, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Matthew Bailey
- Department of Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, USA
| | - Perry G. Ridge
- Department of Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, USA
| | - David Holtzman
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Ave., St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
- Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Ave., St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
- Knight Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine, 4488 Forest Park Ave., St Louis, MO 63108, USA
- Hope Center for Neurological Disorders. Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Ave. B8111, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - John C. Morris
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Ave., St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
- Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Ave., St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
- Knight Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine, 4488 Forest Park Ave., St Louis, MO 63108, USA
- Hope Center for Neurological Disorders. Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Ave. B8111, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Kelly Bales
- Neuroscience Research Unit, Worldwide Research and Development, Pfizer, Inc., Groton, CT, USA
| | - Eve H. Pickering
- Neuroscience Research Unit, Worldwide Research and Development, Pfizer, Inc., Groton, CT, USA
| | - Jin-Moo Lee
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Ave., St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Laura Heitsch
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Ave., St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - John Kauwe
- Department of Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, USA
| | - Alison Goate
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Ave. B8134, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
- Knight Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine, 4488 Forest Park Ave., St Louis, MO 63108, USA
- Hope Center for Neurological Disorders. Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Ave. B8111, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Laura Piccio
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Ave., St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Carlos Cruchaga
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Ave. B8134, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
- Hope Center for Neurological Disorders. Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Ave. B8111, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
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Rütti S, Howald C, Arous C, Dermitzakis E, Halban PA, Bouzakri K. IL-13 improves beta-cell survival and protects against IL-1beta-induced beta-cell death. Mol Metab 2015; 5:122-131. [PMID: 26909320 PMCID: PMC4735661 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2015.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2015] [Revised: 11/04/2015] [Accepted: 11/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives IL-13 is a cytokine classically produced by anti-inflammatory T-helper-2 lymphocytes; it is decreased in the circulation of type 2 diabetic patients and impacts positively on liver and skeletal muscle. Although IL-13 can exert positive effects on beta-cell lines, its impact and mode of action on primary beta-cell function and survival remain largely unexplored. Methods Beta-cells were cultured for 48 h in the presence of IL-13 alone or in combination with IL-1β or cytokine cocktail (IL-1β, IFNγ, TNFα). Results IL-13 protected human and rat beta-cells against cytokine induced death. However, IL-13 was unable to protect from IL-1β impaired glucose stimulated insulin secretion and did not influence NFκB nuclear relocalization induced by IL-1β. IL-13 induced phosphorylation of Akt, increased IRS2 protein expression and counteracted the IL-1β induced regulation of several beta-cell stress response genes. Conclusions The prosurvival effects of IL-13 thus appear to be mediated through IRS2/Akt signaling with NFκB independent regulation of gene expression. In addition to previously documented beneficial effects on insulin target tissues, these data suggest that IL-13 may be useful for treatment of type 2 diabetes by preserving beta-cell mass or slowing its rate of decline. IL-13 decreases human beta-cells apoptosis. IL-13 protects primary beta-cells form cytokine induced apoptosis. The IRS2/akt pathway mediates IL-13 protective effects. IL-13 modulates the expression of genes involved in stress response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabine Rütti
- Department of Genetic Medicine and Development, University of Geneva Medical Center, Geneva, Switzerland.
| | - Cédric Howald
- Department of Genetic Medicine and Development, University of Geneva Medical Center, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Caroline Arous
- Department of Genetic Medicine and Development, University of Geneva Medical Center, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Emmanouil Dermitzakis
- Department of Genetic Medicine and Development, University of Geneva Medical Center, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Philippe A Halban
- Department of Genetic Medicine and Development, University of Geneva Medical Center, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Karim Bouzakri
- Department of Genetic Medicine and Development, University of Geneva Medical Center, Geneva, Switzerland
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Stearic acid induces proinflammatory cytokine production partly through activation of lactate-HIF1α pathway in chondrocytes. Sci Rep 2015; 5:13092. [PMID: 26271607 PMCID: PMC4536527 DOI: 10.1038/srep13092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2015] [Accepted: 07/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The biomechanics stress and chronic inflammation in obesity are causally linked to osteoarthritis. However, the metabolic factors mediating obesity-related osteoarthritis are still obscure. Here we scanned and identified at least two elevated metabolites (stearic acid and lactate) from the plasma of diet-induced obese mice. We found that stearic acid potentiated LDH-a-dependent production of lactate, which further stabilized HIF1α protein and increased VEGF and proinflammatory cytokine expression in primary mouse chondrocytes. Treatment with LDH-a and HIF1α inhibitors notably attenuated stearic acid-or high fat diet-stimulated proinflammatory cytokine production in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, positive correlation of plasma lactate, cartilage HIF1α and cytokine levels with the body mass index was observed in subjects with osteoarthritis. In conclusion, saturated free fatty acid induced proinflammatory cytokine production partly through activation of a novel lactate-HIF1α pathway in chondrocytes. Our findings hold promise of developing novel clinical strategies for the management of obesity-related diseases such as osteoarthritis.
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Pedersen DJ, Guilherme A, Danai LV, Heyda L, Matevossian A, Cohen J, Nicoloro SM, Straubhaar J, Noh HL, Jung D, Kim JK, Czech MP. A major role of insulin in promoting obesity-associated adipose tissue inflammation. Mol Metab 2015; 4:507-18. [PMID: 26137438 PMCID: PMC4481426 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2015.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2015] [Revised: 04/18/2015] [Accepted: 04/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Adipose tissue (AT) inflammation is associated with systemic insulin resistance and hyperinsulinemia in obese rodents and humans. A longstanding concept is that hyperinsulinemia may promote systemic insulin resistance through downregulation of its receptor on target tissues. Here we tested the novel hypothesis that insulin also impairs systemic insulin sensitivity by specifically enhancing adipose inflammation. Methods Circulating insulin levels were reduced by about 50% in diet-induced and genetically obese mice by treatments with diazoxide or streptozotocin, respectively. We then examined AT crown-like structures, macrophage markers and pro-inflammatory cytokine expression in AT. AT lipogenesis and systemic insulin sensitivity was also monitored. Conversely, insulin was infused into lean mice to determine its affects on the above parameters. Results Lowering circulating insulin levels in obese mice by streptozotocin treatment decreased macrophage content in AT, enhancing insulin stimulated Akt phosphorylation and de novo lipogenesis (DNL). Moreover, responsiveness of blood glucose levels to injected insulin was improved by streptozotocin and diazoxide treatments of obese mice without changes in body weight. Remarkably, even in lean mice, infusion of insulin under constant euglycemic conditions stimulated expression of cytokines in AT. Consistent with these findings, insulin treatment of 3T3-L1 adipocytes caused a 10-fold increase in CCL2 mRNA levels within 6 h, which was blocked by the ERK inhibitor PD98059. Conclusion Taken together, these results indicate that obesity-associated hyperinsulinemia unexpectedly drives AT inflammation in obese mice, which in turn contributes to factors that suppress insulin-stimulated adipocyte DNL and systemic insulin sensitivity. Adipose tissue inflammation correlates with hyperinsulinemia in obese mice and humans independent of BMI. Reduction of hyperinsulinemia ameliorates adipose tissue inflammation and enhances systemic insulin sensitivity. Insulin increases adipose inflammation in vivo and enhances adipocyte MCP-1 expression in vitro through ERK activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J Pedersen
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Adilson Guilherme
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Laura V Danai
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Lauren Heyda
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Anouch Matevossian
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Jessica Cohen
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Sarah M Nicoloro
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Juerg Straubhaar
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Hye Lim Noh
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA ; Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Diabetes, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - DaeYoung Jung
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA ; Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Diabetes, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Jason K Kim
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA ; Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Diabetes, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Michael P Czech
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
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