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Zheng HN, Zhi YR, Su YS, Jiang JY, Zhang HZ, Cao F, Wang Y, Chi Y, Zhang Y. Dectin-1 induces TRPV1 sensitization and contributes to visceral hypersensitivity of irritable bowel syndrome in male mice. Eur J Pain 2024. [PMID: 38953581 DOI: 10.1002/ejp.2311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2023] [Revised: 06/05/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Visceral hypersensitivity is considered the core pathophysiological mechanism that causes abdominal pain in patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). Fungal dysbiosis has been proved to contribute to visceral hypersensitivity in IBS patients. However, the underlying mechanisms for Dectin-1, a major fungal recognition receptor, in visceral hypersensitivity are poorly understood. This study aimed to explore the role of Dectin-1 in visceral hypersensitivity and elucidate the impact of Dectin-1 activity on the function of transient receptor potential vanilloid type 1 (TRPV1). METHODS Visceral hypersensitivity model was established by the intracolonic administration of 0.1 mL TNBS (130 μg/mL in 30% ethanol) in the male mice. Fluconazole and nystatin were used as fungicides. Laminarin, a Dectin-1 antagonist and gene knockout (Clec7a-/-) mice were used to interrupt the function of Dectin-1. Colorectal distension-electromyogram recording was performed to assess visceral sensitivity. Immunostaining experiment was performed to determine the localization of Dectin-1 in dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons. Calcium imaging study was performed to assay TRPV1-mediated calcium influx in acutely dissociated DRG neurons. RESULTS Pretreatment with fungicides, administration of laminarin or genetic deletion of Clec7a alleviated TNBS-induced visceral hypersensitivity in male mice. The expression of Dectin-1 was upregulated in the DRG and colon of TNBS-treated mice. Colocalization of Dectin-1 and TRPV1 was observed in DRG neurons. Importantly, pretreatment with curdlan, a Dectin-1 agonist, increased TRPV1-mediated calcium influx. CONCLUSIONS Dectin-1 contributes to visceral hypersensitivity in IBS or in inflammatory bowel disease in remission and activation of Dectin-1 induces TRPV1 sensitization. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT This work provides direct evidence for the functional regulation of TRPV1 channel by Dectin-1 activity, proposing a new mechanism underlying TRPV1 sensitization. Control of intestinal fungi might be beneficial for the treatment of refractory abdominal pain in patients with IBS or IBD in remission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao-Nan Zheng
- Department of Gastroenterology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yu-Ru Zhi
- Neuroscience Research Institute, Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory for Neuroscience, Ministry of Education/National Health Commission of China, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yang-Shuai Su
- Institute of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jin-Yan Jiang
- Neuroscience Research Institute, Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory for Neuroscience, Ministry of Education/National Health Commission of China, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Hao-Zhou Zhang
- Neuroscience Research Institute, Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory for Neuroscience, Ministry of Education/National Health Commission of China, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Feng Cao
- Neuroscience Research Institute, Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory for Neuroscience, Ministry of Education/National Health Commission of China, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yun Wang
- Neuroscience Research Institute, Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory for Neuroscience, Ministry of Education/National Health Commission of China, Peking University, Beijing, China
- PKU-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Chi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Neuroscience Research Institute, Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory for Neuroscience, Ministry of Education/National Health Commission of China, Peking University, Beijing, China
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2
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Kondo T, Okada Y, Shizuya S, Yamaguchi N, Hatakeyama S, Maruyama K. Neuroimmune modulation by tryptophan derivatives in neurological and inflammatory disorders. Eur J Cell Biol 2024; 103:151418. [PMID: 38729083 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2024.151418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2023] [Revised: 05/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The nervous and immune systems are highly developed, and each performs specialized physiological functions. However, they work together, and their dysfunction is associated with various diseases. Specialized molecules, such as neurotransmitters, cytokines, and more general metabolites, are essential for the appropriate regulation of both systems. Tryptophan, an essential amino acid, is converted into functional molecules such as serotonin and kynurenine, both of which play important roles in the nervous and immune systems. The role of kynurenine metabolites in neurodegenerative and psychiatric diseases has recently received particular attention. Recently, we found that hyperactivity of the kynurenine pathway is a critical risk factor for septic shock. In this review, we first outline neuroimmune interactions and tryptophan derivatives and then summarized the changes in tryptophan metabolism in neurological disorders. Finally, we discuss the potential of tryptophan derivatives as therapeutic targets for neuroimmune disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Kondo
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido 060-8636, Japan
| | - Yuka Okada
- Department of Ophthalmology, Wakayama Medical University School of Medicine, Wakayama 641-0012, Japan
| | - Saika Shizuya
- Department of Ophthalmology, Wakayama Medical University School of Medicine, Wakayama 641-0012, Japan
| | - Naoko Yamaguchi
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Aichi Medical University, Aichi 480-1195, Japan
| | - Shigetsugu Hatakeyama
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido 060-8636, Japan
| | - Kenta Maruyama
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Aichi Medical University, Aichi 480-1195, Japan.
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3
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Saraiva-Santos T, Zaninelli TH, Pinho-Ribeiro FA. Modulation of host immunity by sensory neurons. Trends Immunol 2024; 45:381-396. [PMID: 38697871 DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2024.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2024] [Revised: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024]
Abstract
Recent studies have uncovered a new role for sensory neurons in influencing mammalian host immunity, challenging conventional notions of the nervous and immune systems as separate entities. In this review we delve into this groundbreaking paradigm of neuroimmunology and discuss recent scientific evidence for the impact of sensory neurons on host responses against a wide range of pathogens and diseases, encompassing microbial infections and cancers. These valuable insights enhance our understanding of the interactions between the nervous and immune systems, and also pave the way for developing candidate innovative therapeutic interventions in immune-mediated diseases highlighting the importance of this interdisciplinary research field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Telma Saraiva-Santos
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Tiago H Zaninelli
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Felipe A Pinho-Ribeiro
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, Saint Louis, MO, USA.
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4
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Feng X, Zhan H, Sokol CL. Sensory neuronal control of skin barrier immunity. Trends Immunol 2024; 45:371-380. [PMID: 38653601 PMCID: PMC11102800 DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2024.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2024] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
Peripheral sensory neurons recognize diverse noxious stimuli, including microbial products and allergens traditionally thought to be targets of the mammalian immune system. Activation of sensory neurons by these stimuli leads to pain and itch responses as well as the release of neuropeptides that interact with their cognate receptors expressed on immune cells, such as dendritic cells (DCs). Neuronal control of immune cell function through neuropeptide release not only affects local inflammatory responses but can impact adaptive immune responses through downstream effects on T cell priming. Numerous neuropeptide receptors are expressed by DCs but only a few have been characterized, presenting opportunities for further investigation of the pathways by which cutaneous neuroimmune interactions modulate host immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyi Feng
- Center for Immunology & Inflammatory Diseases, Division of Rheumatology, Allergy & Immunology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Haoting Zhan
- Center for Immunology & Inflammatory Diseases, Division of Rheumatology, Allergy & Immunology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA; Department of Clinical Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Complex, Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Caroline L Sokol
- Center for Immunology & Inflammatory Diseases, Division of Rheumatology, Allergy & Immunology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA.
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5
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Deng L, Gillis JE, Chiu IM, Kaplan DH. Sensory neurons: An integrated component of innate immunity. Immunity 2024; 57:815-831. [PMID: 38599172 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2024.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Revised: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
The sensory nervous system possesses the ability to integrate exogenous threats and endogenous signals to mediate downstream effector functions. Sensory neurons have been shown to activate or suppress host defense and immunity against pathogens, depending on the tissue and disease state. Through this lens, pro- and anti-inflammatory neuroimmune effector functions can be interpreted as evolutionary adaptations by host or pathogen. Here, we discuss recent and impactful examples of neuroimmune circuitry that regulate tissue homeostasis, autoinflammation, and host defense. Apparently paradoxical or conflicting reports in the literature also highlight the complexity of neuroimmune interactions that may depend on tissue- and microbe-specific cues. These findings expand our understanding of the nuanced mechanisms and the greater context of sensory neurons in innate immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liwen Deng
- Department of Immunology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Jacob E Gillis
- Departments of Dermatology and Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Isaac M Chiu
- Department of Immunology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
| | - Daniel H Kaplan
- Departments of Dermatology and Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA.
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6
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Lu YZ, Nayer B, Singh SK, Alshoubaki YK, Yuan E, Park AJ, Maruyama K, Akira S, Martino MM. CGRP sensory neurons promote tissue healing via neutrophils and macrophages. Nature 2024; 628:604-611. [PMID: 38538784 PMCID: PMC11023938 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-024-07237-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
The immune system has a critical role in orchestrating tissue healing. As a result, regenerative strategies that control immune components have proved effective1,2. This is particularly relevant when immune dysregulation that results from conditions such as diabetes or advanced age impairs tissue healing following injury2,3. Nociceptive sensory neurons have a crucial role as immunoregulators and exert both protective and harmful effects depending on the context4-12. However, how neuro-immune interactions affect tissue repair and regeneration following acute injury is unclear. Here we show that ablation of the NaV1.8 nociceptor impairs skin wound repair and muscle regeneration after acute tissue injury. Nociceptor endings grow into injured skin and muscle tissues and signal to immune cells through the neuropeptide calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) during the healing process. CGRP acts via receptor activity-modifying protein 1 (RAMP1) on neutrophils, monocytes and macrophages to inhibit recruitment, accelerate death, enhance efferocytosis and polarize macrophages towards a pro-repair phenotype. The effects of CGRP on neutrophils and macrophages are mediated via thrombospondin-1 release and its subsequent autocrine and/or paracrine effects. In mice without nociceptors and diabetic mice with peripheral neuropathies, delivery of an engineered version of CGRP accelerated wound healing and promoted muscle regeneration. Harnessing neuro-immune interactions has potential to treat non-healing tissues in which dysregulated neuro-immune interactions impair tissue healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yen-Zhen Lu
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory Australia, Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Bhavana Nayer
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory Australia, Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Shailendra Kumar Singh
- Laboratory of Host Defense, World Premier International Research Center, Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yasmin K Alshoubaki
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory Australia, Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Elle Yuan
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory Australia, Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Anthony J Park
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory Australia, Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Kenta Maruyama
- Laboratory of Host Defense, World Premier International Research Center, Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Aichi Medical University, Aichi, Japan
| | - Shizuo Akira
- Laboratory of Host Defense, World Premier International Research Center, Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Mikaël M Martino
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory Australia, Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
- Laboratory of Host Defense, World Premier International Research Center, Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan.
- Victorian Heart Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
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7
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Hernandez-Nicols BF, Robledo-Pulido JJ, Alvarado-Navarro A. Etiopathogenesis of Psoriasis: Integration of Proposed Theories. Immunol Invest 2024; 53:348-415. [PMID: 38240030 DOI: 10.1080/08820139.2024.2302823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by squamous and erythematous plaques on the skin and the involvement of the immune system. Global prevalence for psoriasis has been reported around 1-3% with a higher incidence in adults and similar proportions between men and women. The risk factors associated with psoriasis are both extrinsic and intrinsic, out of which a polygenic predisposition is a highlight out of the latter. Psoriasis etiology is not yet fully described, but several hypothesis have been proposed: 1) the autoimmunity hypothesis is based on the over-expression of antimicrobial peptides such as LL-37, the proteins ADAMTSL5, K17, and hsp27, or lipids synthesized by the PLA2G4D enzyme, all of which may serve as autoantigens to promote the differentiation of autoreactive lymphocytes T and unleash a chronic inflammatory response; 2) dysbiosis of skin microbiota hypothesis in psoriasis has gained relevance due to the observations of a loss of diversity and the participation of pathogenic bacteria such as Streptococcus spp. or Staphylococcus spp. the fungi Malassezia spp. or Candida spp. and the virus HPV, HCV, or HIV in psoriatic plaques; 3) the oxidative stress hypothesis, the most recent one, describes that the cell injury and the release of proinflammatory mediators and antimicrobial peptides that leads to activate of the Th1/Th17 axis observed in psoriasis is caused by a higher release of reactive oxygen species and the imbalance between oxidant and antioxidant mechanisms. This review aims to describe the mechanisms involved in the three hypotheses on the etiopathogeneses of psoriasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brenda Fernanda Hernandez-Nicols
- Centro de Investigación en Inmunología y Dermatología, Departamento de Fisiología, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Mexico
| | - Juan José Robledo-Pulido
- Centro de Investigación en Inmunología y Dermatología, Departamento de Fisiología, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Mexico
| | - Anabell Alvarado-Navarro
- Centro de Investigación en Inmunología y Dermatología, Departamento de Fisiología, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Mexico
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8
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Tao J, Wang X, Xu J. Expression of CGRP in the Trigeminal Ganglion and Its Effect on the Polarization of Macrophages in Rats with Temporomandibular Arthritis. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2024; 44:22. [PMID: 38363424 PMCID: PMC10873438 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-024-01456-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
Calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) is synthesized and secreted by trigeminal ganglion neurons, and is a key neuropeptide involved in pain and immune regulation. This study investigates the expression of CGRP in the trigeminal ganglion (TG) and its regulatory role in the polarization of macrophages in rats with temporomandibular arthritis. A rat model of temporomandibular arthritis was established using CFA. Pain behavior was then observed. Temporomandibular joint (TMJ) and the TG were collected, and immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence (IF) staining, and RT-qPCR were used to examine the expression of CGRP and macrophage-related factors. To investigate the impact of CGRP on macrophage polarization, both CGRP and its antagonist, CGRP 8-37, were separately administered directly within the TG. Statistical analysis revealed that within 24 h of inducing temporomandibular arthritis using CFA, there was a significant surge in CD86 positive macrophages within the ganglion. These macrophages peaked on the 7th day before beginning their decline. In this context, it's noteworthy that administering CGRP to the trigeminal ganglion can prompt these macrophages to adopt the M2 phenotype. Intriguingly, this study demonstrates that injecting the CGRP receptor antagonist (CGRP 8-37) to the ganglion counteracts this shift towards the M2 phenotype. Supporting these in vivo observations, we found that in vitro, CGRP indeed fosters the M2-type polarization of macrophages. CGRP can facilitate the conversion of macrophages into the M2 phenotype. The phenotypic alterations of macrophages within the TG could be instrumental in initiating and further driving the progression of TMJ disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junli Tao
- College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory for Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaohui Wang
- College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory for Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing, China
| | - Jie Xu
- College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
- Chongqing Key Laboratory for Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing, China.
- Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing, China.
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9
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Zhang XE, Zheng P, Ye SZ, Ma X, Liu E, Pang YB, He QY, Zhang YX, Li WQ, Zeng JH, Guo J. Microbiome: Role in Inflammatory Skin Diseases. J Inflamm Res 2024; 17:1057-1082. [PMID: 38375021 PMCID: PMC10876011 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s441100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024] Open
Abstract
As the body's largest organ, the skin harbors a highly diverse microbiota, playing a crucial role in resisting foreign pathogens, nurturing the immune system, and metabolizing natural products. The dysregulation of human skin microbiota is implicated in immune dysregulation and inflammatory responses. This review delineates the microbial alterations and immune dysregulation features in common Inflammatory Skin Diseases (ISDs) such as psoriasis, rosacea, atopic dermatitis(AD), seborrheic dermatitis(SD), diaper dermatitis(DD), and Malassezia folliculitis(MF).The skin microbiota, a complex and evolving community, undergoes changes in composition and function that can compromise the skin microbial barrier. These alterations induce water loss and abnormal lipid metabolism, contributing to the onset of ISDs. Additionally, microorganisms release toxins, like Staphylococcus aureus secreted α toxins and proteases, which may dissolve the stratum corneum, impairing skin barrier function and allowing entry into the bloodstream. Microbes entering the bloodstream activate molecular signals, leading to immune disorders and subsequent skin inflammatory responses. For instance, Malassezia stimulates dendritic cells(DCs) to release IL-12 and IL-23, differentiating into a Th17 cell population and producing proinflammatory mediators such as IL-17, IL-22, TNF-α, and IFN-α.This review offers new insights into the role of the human skin microbiota in ISDs, paving the way for future skin microbiome-specific targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Er Zhang
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 6610075, People’s Republic of China
| | - Pai Zheng
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 6610075, People’s Republic of China
| | - Sheng-Zhen Ye
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 6610075, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Dermatology, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 6610072, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiao Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, People’s Republic of China
| | - E Liu
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 6610075, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yao-Bin Pang
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 6610075, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qing-Ying He
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 6610075, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yu-Xiao Zhang
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 6610075, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wen-Quan Li
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 6610075, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jin-Hao Zeng
- TCM Regulating Metabolic Diseases Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610072, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jing Guo
- Department of Dermatology, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 6610072, People’s Republic of China
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Yoshida A, Nishibata M, Maruyama T, Sunami S, Isono K, Kawamata T. Activation of Transient Receptor Potential Vanilloid 1 Is Involved in Both Pain and Tumor Growth in a Mouse Model of Cancer Pain. Neuroscience 2024; 538:80-92. [PMID: 38157977 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2023.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Revised: 12/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Activation of calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP)-positive sensory neurons in the tumor microenvironment has been shown to be involved in tumor growth. However, how CGRP-positive sensory neurons are activated requires elucidation. In this study, we focused on transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) and examined the contribution of TRPV1 to tumor growth and cancer pain in a mouse cancer model in which Lewis lung carcinoma was subcutaneously inoculated in the left plantar region. Tumor inoculation gradually increased the volumes of the hind paws of wild type (WT) mice over time, but those of both αCGRP knockout mice and TRPV1 knockout mice were significantly smaller than those of WT mice after tumor inoculation. Both TRPV1 and CGRP are therefore suggested to be involved in tumor growth. In an immunohistochemical study, the percentage of phosphorylated cyclic adenosine monophosphate response element-binding protein (p-CREB)-positive profiles in CGRP-positive dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons in WT mice was significantly increased after tumor inoculation. The percentage of p-CREB-positive profiles in CGRP-positive DRG neurons in TRPV1 knockout mice was also increased after tumor inoculation, but was significantly lower than that in WT mice, indicating the contribution of TRPV1 to activation of CGRP-positive DRG neurons. Cancer pain in TRPV1 knockout mice was significantly lower than that in WT mice. In conclusion, TRPV1 is involved in both tumor growth and cancer pain, potentially leading to a novel strategy for the treatment of cancer pain and cancer development. Cancer pain is also suggested to facilitate tumor growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akari Yoshida
- Department of Anesthesiology, School of Medicine, Wakayama Medical University, 811-1 Kimiidera, Wakayama City, Wakayama 640-0012, Japan.
| | - Masayuki Nishibata
- Department of Anesthesiology, School of Medicine, Wakayama Medical University, 811-1 Kimiidera, Wakayama City, Wakayama 640-0012, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Maruyama
- Department of Anesthesiology, School of Medicine, Wakayama Medical University, 811-1 Kimiidera, Wakayama City, Wakayama 640-0012, Japan
| | - Shogo Sunami
- Department of Anesthesiology, School of Medicine, Wakayama Medical University, 811-1 Kimiidera, Wakayama City, Wakayama 640-0012, Japan
| | - Kyoichi Isono
- Laboratory Animal Center, School of Medicine, Wakayama Medical University, 811-1 Kimiidera, Wakayama City, Wakayama 640-0012, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Kawamata
- Department of Anesthesiology, School of Medicine, Wakayama Medical University, 811-1 Kimiidera, Wakayama City, Wakayama 640-0012, Japan
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11
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Huang C, Chen Y, Cai Y, Ding H, Hong J, You S, Lin Y, Hu H, Chen Y, Hu X, Chen Y, Huang Y, Zhang C, Lin Y, Huang Z, Li W, Zhang W, Fang X. TRPV1 + neurons alter Staphylococcus aureus skin infection outcomes by affecting macrophage polarization and neutrophil recruitment. BMC Immunol 2023; 24:55. [PMID: 38129779 PMCID: PMC10740264 DOI: 10.1186/s12865-023-00584-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The interaction between the nervous system and the immune system can affect the outcome of a bacterial infection. Staphylococcus aureus skin infection is a common infectious disease, and elucidating the relationship between the nervous system and immune system may help to improve treatment strategies. RESULTS In this study, we found that the local release of calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) increased during S. aureus skin infection, and S. aureus could promote the release of CGRP from transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 1 (TRPV1+) neurons in vitro. The existence of TRPV1+ neurons inhibited the recruitment of neutrophils to the infected region and regulated the polarization of macrophages toward M2 while inhibiting polarization toward M1. This reduces the level of inflammation in the infected area, which aggravates the local infection. Furthermore, this study demonstrates that TRPV1 may be a target for the treatment of S. aureus skin infections and that botulinum neurotoxin A (BoNT/A) and BIBN4096 may reverse the inhibited inflammatory effect of CGRP, making them potential therapeutics for the treatment of skin infection in S. aureus. CONCLUSIONS In S. aureus skin infection, TRPV1+ neurons inhibit neutrophil recruitment and regulate macrophage polarization by releasing CGRP. BoNT/A and BIBN4096 may be potential therapeutic agents for S. aureus skin infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changyu Huang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, National Regional Medical Center, Binhai Campus of the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350212, China
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350000, China
- Fujian Provincial Institute of Orthopedics, the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350000, China
| | - Yang Chen
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, National Regional Medical Center, Binhai Campus of the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350212, China
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350000, China
- Fujian Provincial Institute of Orthopedics, the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350000, China
| | - Yuanqing Cai
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Haiqi Ding
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, National Regional Medical Center, Binhai Campus of the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350212, China
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350000, China
- Fujian Provincial Institute of Orthopedics, the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350000, China
| | - Jiaoying Hong
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Hospital of Nan'an, Quanzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Shan You
- Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Yiming Lin
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, National Regional Medical Center, Binhai Campus of the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350212, China
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350000, China
- Fujian Provincial Institute of Orthopedics, the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350000, China
| | - Hongxin Hu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, National Regional Medical Center, Binhai Campus of the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350212, China
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350000, China
- Fujian Provincial Institute of Orthopedics, the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350000, China
| | - Yongfa Chen
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, National Regional Medical Center, Binhai Campus of the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350212, China
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350000, China
- Fujian Provincial Institute of Orthopedics, the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350000, China
| | - Xueni Hu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yanshu Chen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Ying Huang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, National Regional Medical Center, Binhai Campus of the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350212, China
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350000, China
- Fujian Provincial Institute of Orthopedics, the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350000, China
| | - Chaofan Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, National Regional Medical Center, Binhai Campus of the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350212, China
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350000, China
- Fujian Provincial Institute of Orthopedics, the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350000, China
| | - Yunzhi Lin
- Department of Stomatology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Zida Huang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, National Regional Medical Center, Binhai Campus of the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350212, China
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350000, China
- Fujian Provincial Institute of Orthopedics, the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350000, China
| | - Wenbo Li
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, National Regional Medical Center, Binhai Campus of the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350212, China
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350000, China
- Fujian Provincial Institute of Orthopedics, the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350000, China
| | - Wenming Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, National Regional Medical Center, Binhai Campus of the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350212, China.
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350000, China.
- Fujian Provincial Institute of Orthopedics, the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350000, China.
- , Fuzhou, China.
| | - Xinyu Fang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, National Regional Medical Center, Binhai Campus of the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350212, China.
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350000, China.
- Fujian Provincial Institute of Orthopedics, the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350000, China.
- , Fuzhou, China.
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12
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Miyamoto S, Kondo T, Maruyama K. Senso-immunology: the past, present, and future. J Biochem 2023; 174:305-315. [PMID: 37461198 DOI: 10.1093/jb/mvad052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Pain and mechanical stimulation are thought to be alarm systems that alert the brain to physical abnormalities. When we experience unpleasant feelings in infected or traumatized tissues, our awareness is directed to the afflicted region, prompting activities such as resting or licking the tissue. Despite extensive research into the molecular biology of nociceptors, it was unclear whether their role was limited to the generation and transmission of unpleasant feelings or whether they actively modulate the pathogenesis of infected or traumatized tissues. Recently, it has become clear how the sensory and immune systems interact with one another and share similar receptors and ligands to modify the pathogenesis of various diseases. In this paper, we summarize the mechanisms of crosstalk between the sensory and immune systems and the impact of this new interdisciplinary field, which should be dubbed 'senso-immunology,' on medical science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Miyamoto
- Laboratory of Cell and Tissue Biology, Keio University School of Medicine, 3N7, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Takeshi Kondo
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido 060-8636, Japan
| | - Kenta Maruyama
- National Institute for Physiological Sciences, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Aichi 444-8787, Japan
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13
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Maruyama K. Senso-immunology: The Emerging Connection between Pain and Immunity. Keio J Med 2023; 72:77-87. [PMID: 37460327 DOI: 10.2302/kjm.2022-0037-ir] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
The sensory and immune systems have been studied independently for a long time, whereas the interaction between the two has received little attention. We have carried out research to understand the interaction between the sensory and immune systems and have found that inflammation and bone destruction caused by fungal infection are suppressed by nociceptors. Furthermore, we have elucidated the molecular mechanism whereby fungal receptors are expressed on nociceptors and skin epithelium, how they cooperate to generate fungal pain, and how colitis and bone metabolism are regulated by mechanosensors expressed on the gut epithelium. Recently, we found that nociceptors prevent septic death by inhibiting microglia via nociceptor-derived hormones. This review summarizes our current state of knowledge on pain biology and outlines the mechanisms whereby pain and immunity interact. Our findings indicate that the sensory and immune systems share a variety of molecules and interact with each other to regulate our pathological and homeostatic conditions. This prompted us to advocate the interdisciplinary science named "senso-immunology," and this emerging field is expected to generate new ideas in both physiology and immunology, leading to the development of novel drugs to treat pain and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenta Maruyama
- National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Okazaki, Japan
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14
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Wu Z, Wang X, Shi J, Gupta A, Zhang Y, Zhang B, Cao Y, Wang L. Identification of Functional Modules and Key Pathways Associated with Innervation in Graft Bone-CGRP Regulates the Differentiation of Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells via p38 MAPK and Wnt6/ β-Catenin. Stem Cells Int 2023; 2023:1154808. [PMID: 37621747 PMCID: PMC10447124 DOI: 10.1155/2023/1154808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2023] [Revised: 07/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone resorption occurs after bone grafting, however, contemporaneous reconstruction of the innervation of the bone graft is a potential treatment to maintain the bone mass of the graft. The innervation of bone is an emerging research topic. To understand the potential molecular mechanisms of bone innervation after bone grafting, we collected normal iliac bone tissue as well as bone grafts with or without innervation from nine patients 1 year after surgery and performed RNA sequencing. We identified differentially expressed genes) from these samples and used the gene ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes databases for functional enrichment and signaling pathway analysis. In parallel, we established protein-protein interaction networks to screen functional modules. Based on bioinformatic results, we validated in vitro the osteogenic differentiation potential of rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMMSCs) after calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) stimulation and the expression of p38 MAPK and Wnt6/β-catenin pathways during osteogenesis. Our transcriptome analysis of bone grafts reveals functional modules and signaling pathways of innervation which play a vital role in the structural and functional integration of the bone graft. Simultaneously, we demonstrate that CGRP regulates the differentiation of BMMSCs through p38 MAPK and Wnt6/β-catenin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziqian Wu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery—Head & Neck Oncology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Xudong Wang
- Department of Stomatology, Oriental Hospital, Tongji University, 200120, Shanghai, China
| | - Jingcun Shi
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery—Head & Neck Oncology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Anand Gupta
- Department of Dentistry, Government Medical College & Hospital, 160030, Chandigarh, India
| | - Yuhan Zhang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery—Head & Neck Oncology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Bingqing Zhang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery—Head & Neck Oncology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Yang Cao
- Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, 70182, Örebro, Sweden
- Unit of Integrative Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 17177, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery—Head & Neck Oncology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China
- Department of Stomatology, Fengcheng Hospital, Fengxian District, Shanghai 201411, China
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15
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Jiang Y, Zhu Z, Wang B, Yuan Y, Zhang Q, Li Y, Du Y, Gong P. Neuronal TRPV1-CGRP axis regulates bone defect repair through Hippo signaling pathway. Cell Signal 2023:110779. [PMID: 37336315 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2023.110779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023]
Abstract
Transient receptor potential vanilloid type 1 (TRPV1) is highly expressed on sensory neurons where it serves as a polymodal receptor for detecting physical and chemical stimuli. However, the role of TRPV1 in bone metabolism remains largely unclear. This study aimed to investigate the underlying mechanism of neuronal TRPV1 in regulating bone defect repair. In vivo experiment verified that TRPV1 activation could trigger dorsal root ganglion (DRG) producing the neuropeptide calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) in mice. The accelerated bone healing of femoral defect in this process was observed compared to the control group (p < 0.05). Conversely, Trpv1 knockdown led to the reduced CGRP expression in DRG and nerves innervating femur bone tissue, following impaired bone formation and osteogenic capability in the defect region (p < 0.05), which could be rescued by local CGRP treatment. In vitro, results revealed that TRPV1 function in DRG neurons contributed essentially to the regulation of osteoblast physiology through affecting the production and secretion of CGRP. The capsaicin-activated neuronal TRPV1-CGRP axis could enhance the proliferation, migration and differentiation of osteoblasts (p < 0.05). Furthermore, we found that the promoting role of neuronal TRPV1 in osteogenesis were associated with Hippo signaling pathway, reflected by the phosphorylation protein level of large tumor suppressor 1 (LATS1), MOB kinase activator 1 (MOB1) and Yes-associated protein (YAP), as well as the subcellular location of YAP. Our study clarified the effects and intrinsic mechanisms of neuronal TRPV1 on bone defect repair, which might offer us a therapeutic implication for bone disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixuan Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Department of Oral Implantology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhanfeng Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Department of Oral Implantology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Bin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Department of Oral Implantology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ying Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yanxi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yu Du
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Department of Oral Implantology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ping Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Department of Oral Implantology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
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16
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Hanč P, Messou MA, Wang Y, von Andrian UH. Control of myeloid cell functions by nociceptors. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1127571. [PMID: 37006298 PMCID: PMC10064072 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1127571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The immune system has evolved to protect the host from infectious agents, parasites, and tumor growth, and to ensure the maintenance of homeostasis. Similarly, the primary function of the somatosensory branch of the peripheral nervous system is to collect and interpret sensory information about the environment, allowing the organism to react to or avoid situations that could otherwise have deleterious effects. Consequently, a teleological argument can be made that it is of advantage for the two systems to cooperate and form an “integrated defense system” that benefits from the unique strengths of both subsystems. Indeed, nociceptors, sensory neurons that detect noxious stimuli and elicit the sensation of pain or itch, exhibit potent immunomodulatory capabilities. Depending on the context and the cellular identity of their communication partners, nociceptors can play both pro- or anti-inflammatory roles, promote tissue repair or aggravate inflammatory damage, improve resistance to pathogens or impair their clearance. In light of such variability, it is not surprising that the full extent of interactions between nociceptors and the immune system remains to be established. Nonetheless, the field of peripheral neuroimmunology is advancing at a rapid pace, and general rules that appear to govern the outcomes of such neuroimmune interactions are beginning to emerge. Thus, in this review, we summarize our current understanding of the interaction between nociceptors and, specifically, the myeloid cells of the innate immune system, while pointing out some of the outstanding questions and unresolved controversies in the field. We focus on such interactions within the densely innervated barrier tissues, which can serve as points of entry for infectious agents and, where known, highlight the molecular mechanisms underlying these interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavel Hanč
- Department of Immunology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- The Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH), Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, United States
- *Correspondence: Pavel Hanč, ; Ulrich H. von Andrian,
| | - Marie-Angèle Messou
- Department of Immunology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- The Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH), Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Yidi Wang
- Department of Immunology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- The Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH), Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Ulrich H. von Andrian
- Department of Immunology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- The Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH), Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, United States
- *Correspondence: Pavel Hanč, ; Ulrich H. von Andrian,
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17
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Ye S, Huang H, Han X, Luo W, Wu L, Ye Y, Gong Y, Zhao X, Huang W, Wang Y, Long X, Fu G, Liang G. Dectin-1 Acts as a Non-Classical Receptor of Ang II to Induce Cardiac Remodeling. Circ Res 2023; 132:707-722. [PMID: 36786193 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.122.322259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiac remodeling in heart failure involves macrophage-mediated immune responses. Recent studies have shown that a PRR (pattern recognition receptor) called dectin-1, expressed on macrophages, mediates proinflammatory responses. Whether dectin-1 plays a role in pathological cardiac remodeling is unknown. Here, we identified a potential role of dectin-1 in this disease. METHODS To model aberrant cardiac remodeling, we utilized mouse models of chronic Ang II (angiotensin II) infusion. In this model, we assessed the potential role of dectin-1 through using D1KO (dectin-1 knockout) mice and bone marrow transplantation chimeric mice. We then used cellular and molecular assays to discover the underlying mechanisms of dectin-1 function. RESULTS We found that macrophage dectin-1 is elevated in mouse heart tissues following chronic Ang II administration. D1KO mice were significantly protected against Ang II-induced cardiac dysfunction, hypertrophy, fibrosis, inflammatory responses, and macrophage infiltration. Further bone marrow transplantation studies showed that dectin-1 deficiency in bone marrow-derived cells prevented Ang II-induced cardiac inflammation and dysfunction. Through detailed molecular studies, we show that Ang II binds directly to dectin-1, causing dectin-1 homodimerization and activating the downstream Syk (spleen tyrosine kinase)/NF-κB (nuclear factor kappa B) signaling pathway to induce expression of inflammatory and chemoattractant factors. Mutagenesis studies identified R184 in the C-type lectin domain to interact with Ang II. Blocking dectin-1 in macrophages suppresses Ang II-induced inflammatory mediators and subsequent intercellular cross talk with cardiomyocytes and fibroblasts. CONCLUSIONS Our study has discovered dectin-1 as a new nonclassical receptor of Ang II and a key player in cardiac remolding and dysfunction. These studies suggest that dectin-1 may be a new target for treating hypertension-related heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiju Ye
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hangzhou Medical College, Zhejiang, China (S.Y., X.H., W.L., X.Z., G.L.).,Department of Cardiology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China (S.Y., H.H., L.W., Y.Y., Y.G., G.F.).,Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Intervention and Regenerative Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China (S.Y., H.H., L.W., Y.Y., Y.G., G.F.).,Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang, China (S.Y., W.H.)
| | - He Huang
- Department of Cardiology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China (S.Y., H.H., L.W., Y.Y., Y.G., G.F.).,Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Intervention and Regenerative Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China (S.Y., H.H., L.W., Y.Y., Y.G., G.F.)
| | - Xue Han
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hangzhou Medical College, Zhejiang, China (S.Y., X.H., W.L., X.Z., G.L.)
| | - Wu Luo
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hangzhou Medical College, Zhejiang, China (S.Y., X.H., W.L., X.Z., G.L.).,Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang, China (W.L., Y.W., X.L., G.L.)
| | - Lili Wu
- Department of Cardiology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China (S.Y., H.H., L.W., Y.Y., Y.G., G.F.).,Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Intervention and Regenerative Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China (S.Y., H.H., L.W., Y.Y., Y.G., G.F.)
| | - Yang Ye
- Department of Cardiology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China (S.Y., H.H., L.W., Y.Y., Y.G., G.F.).,Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Intervention and Regenerative Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China (S.Y., H.H., L.W., Y.Y., Y.G., G.F.)
| | - Yingchao Gong
- Department of Cardiology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China (S.Y., H.H., L.W., Y.Y., Y.G., G.F.).,Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Intervention and Regenerative Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China (S.Y., H.H., L.W., Y.Y., Y.G., G.F.)
| | - Xia Zhao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hangzhou Medical College, Zhejiang, China (S.Y., X.H., W.L., X.Z., G.L.)
| | - Weijian Huang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang, China (S.Y., W.H.)
| | - Yi Wang
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang, China (W.L., Y.W., X.L., G.L.)
| | - Xiaohong Long
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang, China (W.L., Y.W., X.L., G.L.)
| | - Guosheng Fu
- Department of Cardiology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China (S.Y., H.H., L.W., Y.Y., Y.G., G.F.).,Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Intervention and Regenerative Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China (S.Y., H.H., L.W., Y.Y., Y.G., G.F.)
| | - Guang Liang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hangzhou Medical College, Zhejiang, China (S.Y., X.H., W.L., X.Z., G.L.).,Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang, China (W.L., Y.W., X.L., G.L.)
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18
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Pinho-Ribeiro FA, Deng L, Neel DV, Erdogan O, Basu H, Yang D, Choi S, Walker AJ, Carneiro-Nascimento S, He K, Wu G, Stevens B, Doran KS, Levy D, Chiu IM. Bacteria hijack a meningeal neuroimmune axis to facilitate brain invasion. Nature 2023; 615:472-481. [PMID: 36859544 PMCID: PMC10593113 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-05753-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2023]
Abstract
The meninges are densely innervated by nociceptive sensory neurons that mediate pain and headache1,2. Bacterial meningitis causes life-threatening infections of the meninges and central nervous system, affecting more than 2.5 million people a year3-5. How pain and neuroimmune interactions impact meningeal antibacterial host defences are unclear. Here we show that Nav1.8+ nociceptors signal to immune cells in the meninges through the neuropeptide calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) during infection. This neuroimmune axis inhibits host defences and exacerbates bacterial meningitis. Nociceptor neuron ablation reduced meningeal and brain invasion by two bacterial pathogens: Streptococcus pneumoniae and Streptococcus agalactiae. S. pneumoniae activated nociceptors through its pore-forming toxin pneumolysin to release CGRP from nerve terminals. CGRP acted through receptor activity modifying protein 1 (RAMP1) on meningeal macrophages to polarize their transcriptional responses, suppressing macrophage chemokine expression, neutrophil recruitment and dural antimicrobial defences. Macrophage-specific RAMP1 deficiency or pharmacological blockade of RAMP1 enhanced immune responses and bacterial clearance in the meninges and brain. Therefore, bacteria hijack CGRP-RAMP1 signalling in meningeal macrophages to facilitate brain invasion. Targeting this neuroimmune axis in the meninges can enhance host defences and potentially produce treatments for bacterial meningitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felipe A Pinho-Ribeiro
- Department of Immunology, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Dermatology, John T. Milliken Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine in St Louis, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Liwen Deng
- Department of Immunology, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Dylan V Neel
- Department of Immunology, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ozge Erdogan
- Department of Restorative Dentistry and Biomaterial Sciences, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Himanish Basu
- Department of Immunology, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Daping Yang
- Department of Immunology, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Samantha Choi
- Department of Immunology, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Alec J Walker
- F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Simone Carneiro-Nascimento
- Departments of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kathleen He
- Department of Immunology, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Glendon Wu
- Department of Immunology, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Beth Stevens
- F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kelly S Doran
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Dan Levy
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Departments of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Isaac M Chiu
- Department of Immunology, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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19
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Abstract
Pertussis, also known as whooping cough, is a contagious respiratory disease caused by the Gram-negative bacterium Bordetella pertussis. This disease is characterized by severe and uncontrollable coughing, which imposes a significant burden on patients. However, its etiological agent and the mechanism are totally unknown because of a lack of versatile animal models that reproduce the cough. Here, we present a mouse model that reproduces coughing after intranasal inoculation with the bacterium or its components and demonstrate that lipooligosaccharide (LOS), pertussis toxin (PTx), and Vag8 of the bacterium cooperatively function to cause coughing. Bradykinin induced by LOS sensitized a transient receptor potential ion channel, TRPV1, which acts as a sensor to evoke the cough reflex. Vag8 further increased bradykinin levels by inhibiting the C1 esterase inhibitor, the major downregulator of the contact system, which generates bradykinin. PTx inhibits intrinsic negative regulation systems for TRPV1 through the inactivation of Gi GTPases. Our findings provide a basis to answer long-standing questions on the pathophysiology of pertussis cough.
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20
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Nociceptor-derived Reg3γ prevents endotoxic death by targeting kynurenine pathway in microglia. Cell Rep 2022; 38:110462. [PMID: 35263589 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.110462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Revised: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Nociceptors can fine-tune local or systemic immunity, but the mechanisms of nociceptive modulation in endotoxic death remain largely unknown. Here, we identified C-type lectin Reg3γ as a nociceptor-enriched hormone that protects the host from endotoxic death. During endotoxemia, nociceptor-derived Reg3γ penetrates the brain and suppresses the expression of microglial indoleamine dioxygenase 1, a critical enzyme of the kynurenine pathway, via the Extl3-Bcl10 axis. Endotoxin-administered nociceptor-null mice and nociceptor-specific Reg3γ-deficient mice exhibit a high mortality rate accompanied by decreased brain HK1 phosphorylation and ATP production despite normal peripheral inflammation. Such metabolic arrest is only observed in the brain, and aberrant production of brain quinolinic acid, a neurotoxic metabolite of the kynurenine pathway, causes HK1 suppression. Strikingly, the central administration of Reg3γ protects mice from endotoxic death by enhancing brain ATP production. By identifying nociceptor-derived Reg3γ as a microglia-targeted hormone, this study provides insights into the understanding of tolerance to endotoxic death.
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21
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Okumo T, Takayama Y, Maruyama K, Kato M, Sunagawa M. Senso-Immunologic Prospects for Complex Regional Pain Syndrome Treatment. Front Immunol 2022; 12:786511. [PMID: 35069559 PMCID: PMC8767061 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.786511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) is a chronic pain syndrome that occurs in tissue injuries as the result of surgery, trauma, or ischemia. The clinical features of this severely painful condition include redness and swelling of the affected skin. Intriguingly, it was recently suggested that transient receptor potential ankyrin 1 (TRPA1) is involved in chronic post-ischemia pain, a CRPS model. TRPA1 is a non-selective cation channel expressed in calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP)-positive primary nociceptors that becomes highly activated in ischemic conditions, leading to the generation of pain. In this review, we summarize the history of TRPA1 and its involvement in pain sensation, inflammation, and CRPS. Furthermore, bone atrophy is also thought to be a characteristic clinical sign of CRPS. The altered bone microstructure of CRPS patients is thought to be caused by aggravated bone resorption via enhanced osteoclast differentiation and activation. Although TRPA1 could be a target for pain treatment in CRPS patients, we also discuss the paradoxical situation in this review. Nociceptor activation decreases the risk of bone destruction via CGRP secretion from free nerve endings. Thus, TRPA1 inhibition could cause severe bone atrophy. However, the suitable therapeutic strategy is controversial because the pathologic mechanisms of bone atrophy in CRPS are unclear. Therefore, we propose focusing on the remission of abnormal bone turnover observed in CRPS using a recently developed concept: senso-immunology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takayuki Okumo
- Department of Physiology, Showa University School of Medicine, Shinagawa, Japan
| | - Yasunori Takayama
- Department of Physiology, Showa University School of Medicine, Shinagawa, Japan
| | - Kenta Maruyama
- Department of Physiology, Showa University School of Medicine, Shinagawa, Japan.,Division of Cell Signaling, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Natural Institutes for Natural Sciences, Okazaki, Japan
| | - Mami Kato
- Department of Physiology, Showa University School of Medicine, Shinagawa, Japan.,Department of Molecular and System Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Masataka Sunagawa
- Department of Physiology, Showa University School of Medicine, Shinagawa, Japan
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22
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Lin YS, Chen YY, Chan NJ, Chang J, Li SS, Hsu CC. Airway Exposure to 1,3-Beta-d-Glucan Induces Airway Hyperresponsiveness in Guinea Pigs. ACS Pharmacol Transl Sci 2022; 5:169-175. [PMID: 35311019 PMCID: PMC8922299 DOI: 10.1021/acsptsci.1c00254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
1,3-Beta-d-glucan (β-glucan) is a component of mold cell walls and is frequently found in fungi and house dust mites. The studies of β-glucan are inconsistent, although it has been implicated in airway adverse responses. This study was carried out to determine whether airway hyperresponsiveness was seen 24 h after airway exposure to β-glucan in guinea pigs. Two matching guinea pigs were exposed intratracheally to either β-glucan or its vehicle. Twenty-four hours after intratracheal instillation, there was no difference between these two groups in the baseline of the total pulmonary resistance (R L), dynamic lung compliance (C dyn), arterial blood pressure, and heart rate. In contrast, the responses of R L to capsaicin injection were significantly increased in β-glucan animals; capsaicin at the same dose of 3.2 μg/kg increased R L by 184% in vehicle animals and by 400% in β-glucan animals. The effective dose 200% to capsaicin injection was lower in the β-glucan animals. Furthermore, the increases in R L were partially reduced after transient lung hyperinflation to recruit the occluding airways; however, the R L induced by capsaicin injection after lung hyperinflation was significantly larger than the baseline in β-glucan animals; also, the lung wet-to-dry ratio in capsaicin-injected animals was augmented in the β-glucan group. Moreover, the airway hyperresponsiveness was accompanied by increases in neutrophils in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid in the β-glucan animals. Furthermore, the levels of substance P and the calcitonin gene-related peptide in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid collected after capsaicin injection were increased in β-glucan animals. We provide definitive evidence that β-glucan can induce airway hyperresponsiveness in guinea pigs, and the neuropeptide releases play an important role in this airway hyperresponsiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- You Shuei Lin
- Department
of Physiology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan,Graduate
Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
| | - Yueh-Yin Chen
- Graduate
Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
| | - Nai-Ju Chan
- Graduate
Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
| | - Jungshan Chang
- Graduate
Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
| | - Shao-Sian Li
- Department
of Materials and Mineral Resources Engineering, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei 106, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Chun Hsu
- Graduate
Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan,School
of Respiratory Therapy, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan,Division
of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei 110, Taiwan,. Tel.: +886-2-2736-1661
ext. 3514
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23
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Somatosensory and autonomic neuronal regulation of the immune response. Nat Rev Neurosci 2022; 23:157-171. [PMID: 34997214 DOI: 10.1038/s41583-021-00555-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Bidirectional communication between the peripheral nervous system (PNS) and the immune system is a crucial part of an effective but balanced mammalian response to invading pathogens, tissue damage and inflammatory stimuli. Here, we review how somatosensory and autonomic neurons regulate immune cellular responses at barrier tissues and in peripheral organs. Immune cells express receptors for neuronal mediators, including neuropeptides and neurotransmitters, allowing neurons to influence their function in acute and chronic inflammatory diseases. Distinct subsets of peripheral sensory, sympathetic, parasympathetic and enteric neurons are able to signal to innate and adaptive immune cells to modulate their cellular functions. In this Review, we highlight recent studies defining the molecular mechanisms by which neuroimmune signalling mediates tissue homeostasis and pathology. Understanding the neural circuitry that regulates immune responses can offer novel targets for the treatment of a wide array of diseases.
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24
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Sensory nerves promote corneal inflammation resolution via CGRP mediated transformation of macrophages to the M2 phenotype through the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. Int Immunopharmacol 2021; 102:108426. [PMID: 34906854 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2021.108426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Revised: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To explore the role of the corneal sensory nerves in Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) keratitis, the synergistic effect between the sensory neurons and macrophages in calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) release, and the functional mechanisms of CGRP-mediated transformation of macrophages to the M2 phenotype. METHODS Corneal nerve loss, macrophage recruitment, and CGRP expression were evaluated. To explore the synergistic effect between the sensory neurons and macrophages, RAW 264.7 cells were challenged with lipopolysaccharide (LPS), then trigeminal ganglion (TG) sensory neurons were isolated and co-incubated with macrophages, and CGRP expression was tested. To investigate the biological function of cornea neuron-initiated immune responses mediated by CGRP, BIBN 4096BS was used to inhibit CGRP in vivo and α-CGRP was used to simulate CGRP in vitro. The expressions of inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, and IL-10), M1 (CD80/CD86), M2 (CD163/CD206) macrophage markers, and signal transducers (PI3K/AKT) were detected. RESULTS P. aeruginosa infection induced corneal nerve loss, macrophage recruitment, and CGRP up-expression. CGRP was co-localized with macrophages. Co-culture showed that sensory neurons and macrophages can mediate CGRP release. More CGRP was released when the two types of cells were combined to respond to LPS. BIBN 4096BS promoted pro-inflammatory cytokines and inhibited the anti-inflammatory cytokines and signal transducers, while, α-CGRP inhibited the pro-inflammatory cytokines and M1 markers and promoted the anti-inflammatory cytokine, M2 markers, and signal transducers. CONCLUSIONS P. aeruginosa infection induces corneal sensory neuron activation, macrophage recruitment, and CGRP up-expression. The synergistic effect between the sensory neurons and macrophages promotes CGRP release. CGRP inhibits corneal inflammation and promotes the transformation of macrophages to the M2 phenotype through the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway.
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25
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Kim YJ, Granstein RD. Roles of calcitonin gene-related peptide in the skin, and other physiological and pathophysiological functions. Brain Behav Immun Health 2021; 18:100361. [PMID: 34746878 PMCID: PMC8551410 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbih.2021.100361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2021] [Revised: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Skin immunity is regulated by many mediator molecules. One is the neuropeptide calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP). CGRP has roles in regulating the function of components of the immune system including T cells, B cells, dendritic cells (DCs), endothelial cells (ECs), and mast cells (MCs). Herein we discuss actions of CGRP in mediating inflammatory and vascular effects in various cutaneous models and disorders. CGRP can help to recruit immune cells through endothelium-dependent vasodilation. CGRP plays an important role in the pathogenesis of neurogenic inflammation. Functions of many components in the immune system are influenced by CGRP. CGRP regulates various inflammatory processes in human skin by affecting different cell-types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yee Jung Kim
- Department of Dermatology, Weill Cornell Medicine, 1305 York Avenue, WGC9, New York, NY, 10021, USA
| | - Richard D Granstein
- Department of Dermatology, Weill Cornell Medicine, 1305 York Avenue, WGC9, New York, NY, 10021, USA
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26
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Zhang X, Cao J, Zhao S, Yang X, Dong J, Tan Y, Yu T, He Y. Nociceptive Sensory Fibers Drive Interleukin-23 Production in a Murine Model of Psoriasis via Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide. Front Immunol 2021; 12:743675. [PMID: 34745116 PMCID: PMC8569654 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.743675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroimmunity is involved in the pathogenesis of psoriasis, but the mechanism underlying the interaction between the nervous system and the interleukin (IL)-23/IL-17 immune axis is yet unclear. This study reveals the essential role of the sensory neuron-derived calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) in imiquimod (IMQ)-induced expression of IL-23. First, we show that the increased nociceptive behavior was consistent with the development of psoriasiform dermatitis, which requires intact sensory innervation. Systemic ultrapotent Transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) agonist (resiniferatoxin, RTX) treatment-induced sensory denervation resulted in a significant decrease in IL-23 expression in this model, while the recombinant IL-23 treatment induced IL-17A expression was intact after RTX treatment. In addition, IMQ exposure induced a transient increase in CGRP expression in the dorsal root ganglion. The neuron-derived CGRP expression was completely abolished by sensory denervation, thereby downregulating IL-23 expression, which could be reversed through the introduction of CGRP into the denervated dorsal skin. Our results suggest that nociceptive sensory neurons may drive the production of IL-23, resulting in IL-17A production from γδ T cells via the neuropeptide CGRP in the pathology of psoriasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jiali Cao
- Department of Dermatology, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Siqi Zhao
- Department of Dermatology, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xutong Yang
- Department of Dermatology, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Dong
- Department of Dermatology, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yaqi Tan
- Department of Dermatology, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Teng Yu
- Department of Dermatology, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yanling He
- Department of Dermatology, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Skin and Immune Diseases, Branch in Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Beijing, China
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27
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Liang X, Ou C, Zhuang J, Li J, Zhang F, Zhong Y, Chen Y. Interplay Between Skin Microbiota Dysbiosis and the Host Immune System in Psoriasis: Potential Pathogenesis. Front Immunol 2021; 12:764384. [PMID: 34733291 PMCID: PMC8558530 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.764384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Psoriasis is a multifactorial immune-mediated disease. The highly effective and eligible treatment for psoriasis is limited, for its specific pathogenesis is incompletely elucidated. Skin microbiota is a research hotspot in the pathogenesis of immune-mediated inflammatory skin diseases nowadays, and it may have significant involvement in the provocation or exacerbation of psoriasis with broadly applicable prospects. It is postulated that skin microbiota alternation may interplay with innate immunity such as antimicrobial peptides and Toll-like receptors to stimulate T-cell populations, resulting in immune cascade responses and ultimately psoriasis. Achieving a thorough understanding of its underlying pathogenesis is crucial. Herein, we discuss the potential immunopathogenesis of psoriasis from the aspect of skin microbiota in an attempt to yield insights for novel therapeutic and preventive modalities for psoriasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqian Liang
- Department of Dermatology, Dermatology Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Caixin Ou
- Department of Dermatology, Dermatology Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiayi Zhuang
- Department of Dermatology, Dermatology Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jinsheng Li
- Department of Dermatology, Dermatology Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fangfei Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, Dermatology Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuanqiu Zhong
- Department of Dermatology, Dermatology Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yongfeng Chen
- Department of Dermatology, Dermatology Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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28
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Zhang B, Yang Y, Yi J, Zhao Z, Ye R. Ablation of transient receptor potential vanilloid subtype 1-expressing neurons in rat trigeminal ganglia aggravated bone resorption in periodontitis with diabetes. Arch Oral Biol 2021; 133:105293. [PMID: 34741999 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2021.105293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Revised: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We aimed to investigate the contribution of neurons expressing transient receptor potential vanilloid subtype 1 (TRPV1) to alveolar bone homeostasis in periodontitis with diabetes. DESIGN Diabetes was induced by streptozotocin injection in Sprague-Dawley rats. Resiniferatoxin was injected into left trigeminal ganglia to ablate TRPV1-expressing neurons. 3-0 silks were tied around left maxillary second molars to induce experimental periodontitis. Alveolar bone was assessed by micro-computed tomography and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase staining. Macrophages were detected by immunohistochemistry staining. RESULTS TRPV1 expression in trigeminal ganglia was increased in diabetic rats compared to non-diabetic counterparts. Local ablation of TRPV1 eliminated facial heat hyperalgesia but aggravated alveolar bone damage and osteoclastogenesis in experimental periodontitis in both diabetic and non-diabetic rats. Immunohistochemistry staining presented enhanced macrophage infiltration and M1 macrophage polarization in periodontal lesions in TRPV1-ablated groups. CONCLUSIONS These findings demonstrated that TRPV1 expression in trigeminal ganglia could be enhanced in diabetic condition, and the integrity of TRPV1-expressing neurons in trigeminal ganglia exerted a neuroprotective effect against alveolar bone resorption and inflammation in diabetic periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Department of General Dentistry, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jianru Yi
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhihe Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
| | - Rui Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
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29
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Flayer CH, Perner C, Sokol CL. A decision tree model for neuroimmune guidance of allergic immunity. Immunol Cell Biol 2021; 99:936-948. [PMID: 34115905 DOI: 10.1111/imcb.12486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Revised: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The immune system defends the body from infectious and non-infectious threats. Distinct recognition strategies have evolved to generate antigen-specific immunity against pathogens or toxins versus antigen-independent tissue repair. Structural recognition, or the sensing of conserved motifs, guides the immune response to viruses, bacteria, fungi, and unicellular parasites. Functional recognition, which is sensing that is based on the activities of an input, guides antigen-independent tissue healing and antigen-specific Type 2 immunity to toxins, allergens, and helminth parasites. Damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), released from damaged and dying cells, permit functional recognition by immune cells. However, the DAMP paradigm alone does not explain how functional recognition can lead to such disparate immune responses, namely wound healing and Type 2 immunity. Recent work established that sensory neurons release neuropeptides in response to a variety of toxins and allergens. These neuropeptides act on local innate immune cells, stimulating or inhibiting their activities. By integrating our knowledge on DAMP function with new information on the role of neuropeptides in innate immune activation in Type 2 immunity, we describe a decision tree model of functional recognition. In this model, neuropeptides complement or antagonize DAMPs to guide the development of antigen-specific Type 2 immunity through the activation of innate immune cells. We discuss why this decision tree system evolved and its implications to allergic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cameron H Flayer
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Caroline Perner
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Caroline L Sokol
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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30
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Bagood MD, Isseroff RR. TRPV1: Role in Skin and Skin Diseases and Potential Target for Improving Wound Healing. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22116135. [PMID: 34200205 PMCID: PMC8201146 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22116135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Revised: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Skin is innervated by a multitude of sensory nerves that are important to the function of this barrier tissue in homeostasis and injury. The role of innervation and neuromediators has been previously reviewed so here we focus on the role of the transient receptor potential cation channel, subfamily V member 1 (TRPV1) in wound healing, with the intent of targeting it in treatment of non-healing wounds. TRPV1 structure and function as well as the outcomes of TRPV1-targeted therapies utilized in several diseases and tissues are summarized. In skin, keratinocytes, sebocytes, nociceptors, and several immune cells express TRPV1, making it an attractive focus area for treating wounds. Many intrinsic and extrinsic factors confound the function and targeting of TRPV1 and may lead to adverse or off-target effects. Therefore, a better understanding of what is known about the role of TRPV1 in skin and wound healing will inform future therapies to treat impaired and chronic wounds to improve healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle D. Bagood
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, UC Davis, Sacramento, CA 95816, USA;
| | - R. Rivkah Isseroff
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, UC Davis, Sacramento, CA 95816, USA;
- Dermatology Section, VA Northern California Health Care System, Mather, CA 95655, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-(916)-551-2606
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31
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Klose CSN, Veiga-Fernandes H. Neuroimmune interactions in peripheral tissues. Eur J Immunol 2021; 51:1602-1614. [PMID: 33895990 DOI: 10.1002/eji.202048812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Revised: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Neuroimmune interactions have been revealed to be at the centre stage of tissue defence, organ homeostasis, and organismal physiology. Neuronal and immune cell subsets have been shown to colocalize in discrete tissue environments, forming neuroimmune cell units that constitute the basis for bidirectional interactions. These multitissue units drive coordinated neuroimmune responses to local and systemic signals, which represents an important challenge to our current views of mucosal physiology and immune regulation. In this review, we focus on the impact of reciprocal neuroimmune interactions, focusing on the anatomy of neuronal innervation and on the neuronal regulation of immune cells in peripheral tissues. Finally, we shed light on recent studies that explore how neuroimmune interactions maximise sensing and integration of environmental aggressions, modulating immune function in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph S N Klose
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Department of Microbiology, Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Hindenburgdamm 30, Berlin, 12203, Germany
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32
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Biological Effects of β-Glucans on Osteoclastogenesis. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26071982. [PMID: 33915775 PMCID: PMC8036280 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26071982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Revised: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Although the anti-tumor and anti-infective properties of β-glucans have been well-discussed, their role in bone metabolism has not been reviewed so far. This review discusses the biological effects of β-glucans on bone metabolisms, especially on bone-resorbing osteoclasts, which are differentiated from hematopoietic precursors. Multiple immunoreceptors that can recognize β-glucans were reported to be expressed in osteoclast precursors. Coordinated co-stimulatory signals mediated by these immunoreceptors are important for the regulation of osteoclastogenesis and bone remodeling. Curdlan from the bacterium Alcaligenes faecalis negatively regulates osteoclast differentiation in vitro by affecting both the osteoclast precursors and osteoclast-supporting cells. We also showed that laminarin, lichenan, and glucan from baker’s yeast, as well as β-1,3-glucan from Euglema gracilisas, inhibit the osteoclast formation in bone marrow cells. Consistent with these findings, systemic and local administration of β-glucan derived from Aureobasidium pullulans and Saccharomyces cerevisiae suppressed bone resorption in vivo. However, zymosan derived from S. cerevisiae stimulated the bone resorption activity and is widely used to induce arthritis in animal models. Additional research concerning the relationship between the molecular structure of β-glucan and its effect on osteoclastic bone resorption will be beneficial for the development of novel treatment strategies for bone-related diseases.
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33
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Augustyniak D, Kramarska E, Mackiewicz P, Orczyk-Pawiłowicz M, Lundy FT. Mammalian Neuropeptides as Modulators of Microbial Infections: Their Dual Role in Defense versus Virulence and Pathogenesis. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22073658. [PMID: 33915818 PMCID: PMC8036953 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22073658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2021] [Revised: 03/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The regulation of infection and inflammation by a variety of host peptides may represent an evolutionary failsafe in terms of functional degeneracy and it emphasizes the significance of host defense in survival. Neuropeptides have been demonstrated to have similar antimicrobial activities to conventional antimicrobial peptides with broad-spectrum action against a variety of microorganisms. Neuropeptides display indirect anti-infective capacity via enhancement of the host’s innate and adaptive immune defense mechanisms. However, more recently concerns have been raised that some neuropeptides may have the potential to augment microbial virulence. In this review we discuss the dual role of neuropeptides, perceived as a double-edged sword, with antimicrobial activity against bacteria, fungi, and protozoa but also capable of enhancing virulence and pathogenicity. We review the different ways by which neuropeptides modulate crucial stages of microbial pathogenesis such as adhesion, biofilm formation, invasion, intracellular lifestyle, dissemination, etc., including their anti-infective properties but also detrimental effects. Finally, we provide an overview of the efficacy and therapeutic potential of neuropeptides in murine models of infectious diseases and outline the intrinsic host factors as well as factors related to pathogen adaptation that may influence efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daria Augustyniak
- Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, Faculty of Biology, University of Wroclaw, 51-148 Wroclaw, Poland;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-71-375-6296
| | - Eliza Kramarska
- Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, Faculty of Biology, University of Wroclaw, 51-148 Wroclaw, Poland;
- Institute of Biostructures and Bioimaging, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, 80134 Napoli, Italy
| | - Paweł Mackiewicz
- Department of Bioinformatics and Genomics, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, 50-383 Wroclaw, Poland;
| | | | - Fionnuala T. Lundy
- Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK;
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Veis DJ, Cassat JE. Infectious Osteomyelitis: Marrying Bone Biology and Microbiology to Shed New Light on a Persistent Clinical Challenge. J Bone Miner Res 2021; 36:636-643. [PMID: 33740314 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.4279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2021] [Revised: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Infections of bone occur in a variety of clinical settings, ranging from spontaneous isolated infections arising from presumed hematogenous spread to those associated with skin and soft tissue wounds or medical implants. The majority are caused by the ubiquitous bacterium Staphyloccocus (S.) aureus, which can exist as a commensal organism on human skin as well as an invasive pathogen, but a multitude of other microbes are also capable of establishing bone infections. While studies of clinical isolates and small animal models have advanced our understanding of the role of various pathogen and host factors in infectious osteomyelitis (iOM), many questions remain unaddressed. Thus, there are many opportunities to elucidate host-pathogen interactions that may be leveraged toward treatment or prevention of this troublesome problem. Herein, we combine perspectives from bone biology and microbiology and suggest that interdisciplinary approaches will bring new insights to the field. © 2021 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
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Affiliation(s)
- Deborah J Veis
- Division of Bone and Mineral Diseases, Departments of Medicine and Pathology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.,Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.,Musculoskeletal Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.,Shriners Hospitals for Children, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - James E Cassat
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville,, TN, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA.,Vanderbilt Institute for Infection, Immunology and Inflammation (VI4), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.,Vanderbilt Center for Bone Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
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Li Y, Zhang Y, Zeng X. γδ T Cells Participating in Nervous Systems: A Story of Jekyll and Hyde. Front Immunol 2021; 12:656097. [PMID: 33868300 PMCID: PMC8044362 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.656097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
γδ T cells are distributed in various lymphoid and nonlymphoid tissues, and act as early responders in many conditions. Previous studies have proven their significant roles in infection, cancer, autoimmune diseases and tissue maintenance. Recently, accumulating researches have highlighted the crosstalk between γδ T cells and nervous systems. In these reports, γδ T cells maintain some physiological functions of central nervous system by secreting interleukin (IL) 17, and neurons like nociceptors can in turn regulate the activity of γδ T cells. Moreover, γδ T cells are involved in neuroinflammation such as stroke and multiple sclerosis. This review illustrates the relationship between γδ T cells and nervous systems in physiological and pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Xun Zeng
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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36
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Maruyama K. Senso-immunology: crosstalk between nociceptive and immune systems. FEBS J 2021; 289:4132-4145. [PMID: 33780155 DOI: 10.1111/febs.15846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2021] [Revised: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Understanding the molecular mechanisms of nociception has recently grown impressively. Nociception is mediated by mechanical, chemical, or microbial stimuli that evoke unpleasant feelings, alerting the host of the risk of tissue damage. Such diverse arrays of noxious stimuli trigger various escape reactions, usually altering immune homeostasis. Notably, nociceptors can recognize cytokines or pathogens via sensory molecules or innate immune receptors, participating in immune responses. Accumulating evidence suggests that activated nociceptors produce various humoral factors that affect the immune system and act like endocrine/paracrine signals. Thus, understanding the interplay between the nociceptive and immune systems may open new avenues for the development of an interdisciplinary research field, hereinafter referred to as 'senso-immunology'. This review will discuss the physiological relevance of the senso-immune system in the host defense context, focusing on how senso-immune research might yield novel treatments to cure pain and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenta Maruyama
- National Institute for Physiological Sciences, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Okazaki, Japan
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37
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Cardiopulmonary and Neurologic Dysfunctions in Fibrodysplasia Ossificans Progressiva. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9020155. [PMID: 33562570 PMCID: PMC7915901 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9020155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2020] [Revised: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Fibrodysplasia Ossificans Progressiva (FOP) is an ultra-rare but debilitating disorder characterized by spontaneous, progressive, and irreversible heterotopic ossifications (HO) at extraskeletal sites. FOP is caused by gain-of-function mutations in the Activin receptor Ia/Activin-like kinase 2 gene (Acvr1/Alk2), with increased receptor sensitivity to bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) and a neoceptor response to Activin A. There is extensive literature on the skeletal phenotypes in FOP, but a much more limited understanding of non-skeletal manifestations of this disease. Emerging evidence reveals important cardiopulmonary and neurologic dysfunctions in FOP including thoracic insufficiency syndrome, pulmonary hypertension, conduction abnormalities, neuropathic pain, and demyelination of the central nervous system (CNS). Here, we review the recent research and discuss unanswered questions regarding the cardiopulmonary and neurologic phenotypes in FOP.
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Ju L, Hu P, Chen P, Wu J, Li Z, Qiu Z, Cheng J, Huang F. Corydalis Saxicola Bunting Total Alkaloids Attenuate Walker 256-Induced Bone Pain and Osteoclastogenesis by Suppressing RANKL-Induced NF-κB and c-Fos/NFATc1 Pathways in Rats. Front Pharmacol 2021; 11:609119. [PMID: 33574755 PMCID: PMC7870471 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.609119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Metastatic bone pain is characterized by insufferable bone pain and abnormal bone structure. A major goal of bone cancer treatment is to ameliorate osteolytic lesion induced by tumor cells. Corydalis saxicola Bunting total alkaloids (CSBTA), the alkaloid compounds extracted from the root of C. saxicola Bunting, have been shown to possess anticancer and analgesic properties. In this study, we aimed to verify whether CSBTA could relieve cancer induced bone pain and inhibit osteoclastogenesis. The in vivo results showed that CSBTA ameliorated Walker 256 induced bone pain and osteoporosis in rats. Histopathological changes also supported that CSBTA inhibited Walker 256 cell-mediated osteolysis. Further in vitro analysis confirmed that CSBTA reduced the expression of RANKL and downregulate the level of RANKL/OPG ratio in breast cancer cells. Moreover, CSBTA could inhibit osteoclastogenesis by suppressing RANKL-induced NF-κB and c-Fos/NFATc1 pathways. Collectively, this study demonstrated that CSBTA could attenuate cancer induced bone pain via a novel mechanism. Therefore, CSBTA might be a promising candidate drug for metastatic bone pain patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linjie Ju
- Department of Chinese Pharmacology and Traditional Chinese Medicine, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Peipei Hu
- Department of Chinese Pharmacology and Traditional Chinese Medicine, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ping Chen
- Department of Chinese Pharmacology and Traditional Chinese Medicine, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jiejie Wu
- Department of Chinese Pharmacology and Traditional Chinese Medicine, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhuoqun Li
- Department of Chinese Pharmacology and Traditional Chinese Medicine, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China.,Nanjing Zhongshan Pharmaceutical Co, Ltd., Nanjing Economic and Technological Development Zone, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhixia Qiu
- Department of Chinese Pharmacology and Traditional Chinese Medicine, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jun Cheng
- Nanjing Zhongshan Pharmaceutical Co, Ltd., Nanjing Economic and Technological Development Zone, Nanjing, China
| | - Fang Huang
- Department of Chinese Pharmacology and Traditional Chinese Medicine, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
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Kashio M. Thermosensation involving thermo-TRPs. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2021; 520:111089. [PMID: 33227348 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2020.111089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2019] [Revised: 02/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The transient receptor potential (TRP) channels constitute a superfamily of large ion channels that are activated by a wide range of chemical, mechanical and thermal stimuli. TRP channels with temperature sensitivity are called thermo-TRPs. They are involved in diverse physiological functions through their detection of external environmental temperature and internal body temperature. Each thermo-TRP has its own characteristic temperature threshold for activation. As a group, they cover temperatures ranging from cold to nociceptive high temperatures. Recently, many studies have identified the functions of thermo-TRPs residing in deep organs where they are exposed to body temperature. Importantly, temperature thresholds of thermo-TRPs can be regulated by physiological factors enabling their function at relatively constant body temperature. Moreover, several thermo-TRPs are reportedly engaged in body temperature regulation. This review will summarize the current understanding of thermo-TRPs, including their roles in thermosensation and functional regulation of physiological responses at body temperature and the regulation of body temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makiko Kashio
- Department of Physiology, Aichi Medical University, 1-1 Yazakokarimata, Nagakute, Aichi, 480-1195, Japan.
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Lagomarsino VN, Kostic AD, Chiu IM. Mechanisms of microbial-neuronal interactions in pain and nociception. NEUROBIOLOGY OF PAIN 2020; 9:100056. [PMID: 33392418 PMCID: PMC7772816 DOI: 10.1016/j.ynpai.2020.100056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Revised: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Molecular mechanisms of how microorganisms communicate with sensory afferent neurons. How pathogenic microorganisms directly communicate with nociceptor neurons to inflict pain on the host. Symbiotic bacterial communication with gut-extrinsic sensory afferent neurons. Plausible roles on how gut symbionts directly mediate pain and nociception.
Nociceptor sensory neurons innervate barrier tissues that are constantly exposed to microbial stimuli. During infection, pathogenic microorganisms can breach barrier surfaces and produce pain by directly activating nociceptors. Microorganisms that live in symbiotic relationships with their hosts, commensals and mutualists, have also been associated with pain, but the molecular mechanisms of how symbionts act on nociceptor neurons to modulate pain remain largely unknown. In this review, we will discuss the known molecular mechanisms of how microbes directly interact with sensory afferent neurons affecting nociception in the gut, skin and lungs. We will touch on how bacterial, viral and fungal pathogens signal to the host to inflict or suppress pain. We will also discuss recent studies examining how gut symbionts affect pain. Specifically, we will discuss how gut symbionts may interact with sensory afferent neurons either directly, through secretion of metabolites or neurotransmitters, or indirectly,through first signaling to epithelial cells or immune cells, to regulate visceral, neuropathic and inflammatory pain. While this area of research is still in its infancy, more mechanistic studies to examine microbial-sensory neuron crosstalk in nociception may allow us to develop new therapies for the treatment of acute and chronic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina N Lagomarsino
- Department of Immunology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Department of Microbiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Aleksandar D Kostic
- Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Department of Microbiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Isaac M Chiu
- Department of Immunology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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41
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Abstract
The gut-brain axis is a coordinated communication system that not only maintains homeostasis, but significantly influences higher cognitive functions and emotions, as well as neurological and behavioral disorders. Among the large populations of sensory and motor neurons that innervate the gut, insights into the function of primary afferent nociceptors, whose cell bodies reside in the dorsal root ganglia and nodose ganglia, have revealed their multiple crosstalk with several cell types within the gut wall, including epithelial, vascular, and immune cells. These bidirectional communications have immunoregulatory functions, control host response to pathogens, and modulate sensations associated with gastrointestinal disorders, through activation of immune cells and glia in the peripheral and central nervous system, respectively. Here, we will review the cellular and neurochemical basis of these interactions at the periphery, in dorsal root ganglia, and in the spinal cord. We will discuss the research gaps that should be addressed to get a better understanding of the multifunctional role of sensory neurons in maintaining gut homeostasis and regulating visceral sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasser Abdullah
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Inflammation Research Network-Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases and Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Manon Defaye
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Inflammation Research Network-Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases and Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Christophe Altier
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Inflammation Research Network-Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases and Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
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Xu J, Wang J, Chen X, Li Y, Mi J, Qin L. The Effects of Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide on Bone Homeostasis and Regeneration. Curr Osteoporos Rep 2020; 18:621-632. [PMID: 33030684 DOI: 10.1007/s11914-020-00624-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The goals of this review are two folds: (1) to describe the recent understandings on the roles of calcitonin gene-related peptide-α (CGRP) in bone homeostasis and the underlying mechanisms of related neuronal regulation and (2) to propose innovative CGRP-modulated approaches for enhancing bone regeneration in challenging bone disorders. RECENT FINDINGS CGRP is predominantly produced by the densely distributed sensory neuronal fibers in bone, declining with age. Under mechanical and biochemical stimulations, CGRP releases and exerts either physiological or pathophysiological roles. CGRP at physiological level orchestrates the communications of bone cells with cells of other lineages, affecting not only osteogenesis, osteoclastogenesis, and adipogenesis but also angiogenesis, demonstrating with pronounced anabolic effect, thus is essential for maintaining bone homeostasis, with tuned nerve-vessel-bone network. In addition, its effects on immunity and cell recruitment are also crucial for bone fracture healing. Binding to the G protein-coupled receptor composited by calcitonin receptor-like receptor (CRLR) and receptor activity modifying protein 1 (RAMP1) on cellular surface, CGRP triggers various intracellular signaling cascades involving cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) and cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB). Peaking at early stage post-fracture, CGRP promotes bone formation, displaying with larger callus. Then CGRP gradually decreases over time, allowing normal or physiological bone remodeling. By elevating CGRP at early stage, low-intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS), electrical stimulation, and magnesium-based bio-mineral products may promisingly accelerate bone regeneration experimentally in medical conditions like osteoporosis, osteoporotic fracture, and spine fusion. Excess CGRP expression is commonly observed in pathological conditions including cancer metastatic lesions in bone and fracture delayed- or non-healing, resulting in persistent chronic pain. To date, these discoveries have largely been limited to animal models. Clinical applications are highly desirable. Compelling evidence show the anabolic effects of CGRP on bone in animals. However, further validation on the role of CGRP and the underlying mechanisms in human skeletons is required. It remains unclear if it is type H vessel connecting neuronal CGRP to osteogenesis, and if there is only specific rather than all osteoprogenitors responsible to CGRP. Clear priority should be put to eliminate these knowledge gaps by integrating with high-resolution 3D imaging of transparent bulk bone and single-cell RNA-sequencing. Last but not the least, given that small molecule antagonists such as BIBN4096BS can block the beneficial effects of CGRP on bone, concerns on the potential side effects of humanized CGRP-neutralizing antibodies when systemically administrated to treat migraine in clinics are arising.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiankun Xu
- Musculoskeletal Research Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedics & Traumatology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
- Innovative Orthopaedic Biomaterial and Drug Translational Research Laboratory, Li Ka Shing Health and Science Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
- Joint Laboratory of Chinese Academic of Science and Hong Kong for Biomaterials, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Jiali Wang
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaodan Chen
- Musculoskeletal Research Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedics & Traumatology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ye Li
- Musculoskeletal Research Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedics & Traumatology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jie Mi
- Musculoskeletal Research Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedics & Traumatology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ling Qin
- Musculoskeletal Research Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedics & Traumatology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
- Innovative Orthopaedic Biomaterial and Drug Translational Research Laboratory, Li Ka Shing Health and Science Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
- Joint Laboratory of Chinese Academic of Science and Hong Kong for Biomaterials, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
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Fattori V, Ferraz CR, Rasquel-Oliveira FS, Verri WA. Neuroimmune communication in infection and pain: Friends or foes? Immunol Lett 2020; 229:32-43. [PMID: 33248166 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2020.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Revised: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Clinically, a variety of micro-organisms cause painful infections. Before seen as bystanders in the context of infections, recent studies have demonstrated that, as immune cells, nociceptors can sense pathogen-derived products. Nociceptors and immune cells, therefore, have evolved to communicate with each other to control inflammatory and host responses against pathogens in a complementary way. This interaction is named as neuroimmune communication (or axon-axon immune reflex) and initiates after the release of neuropeptides, such as CGRP and VIP by neurons. By this neurogenic response, nociceptors orchestrate the activity of innate and adaptive immune cells in a context-dependent manner. In this review, we focus on how nociceptors sense pathogen-derived products to shape the host response. We also highlight the new concept involving the resolution of inflammation, which is related to an active and time-dependent biosynthetic shift from pro-inflammatory to pro-resolution mediators, the so-called specialized pro-resolving lipid mediators (SPMs). At very low doses, SPMs act on specific receptors to silence nociceptors, limit pain and neurogenic responses, and resolve infections. Furthermore, stimulation of the vagus nerve induces SPMs production to regulate immune responses in infections. Therefore, harnessing the current understanding of neuro-immune communication and neurogenic responses might provide the bases for reprogramming host responses against infections through well balanced and effective immune response and inflammation resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Fattori
- Laboratory of Pain, Inflammation, Neuropathy, and Cancer, Department of Pathology, Londrina State University, Londrina, PR, Brazil; Vascular Biology Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Camila R Ferraz
- Laboratory of Pain, Inflammation, Neuropathy, and Cancer, Department of Pathology, Londrina State University, Londrina, PR, Brazil
| | - Fernanda S Rasquel-Oliveira
- Laboratory of Pain, Inflammation, Neuropathy, and Cancer, Department of Pathology, Londrina State University, Londrina, PR, Brazil
| | - Waldiceu A Verri
- Laboratory of Pain, Inflammation, Neuropathy, and Cancer, Department of Pathology, Londrina State University, Londrina, PR, Brazil.
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Involvement of Capsaicin-Sensitive Lung Vagal Neurons and TRPA1 Receptors in Airway Hypersensitivity Induced by 1,3-β-D-Glucan in Anesthetized Rats. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21186845. [PMID: 32961891 PMCID: PMC7555683 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21186845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Revised: 09/13/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Airway exposure to 1,3-β-D-glucan (β-glucan), an essential component of the cell wall of several pathogenic fungi, causes various adverse responses, such as pulmonary inflammation and airway hypersensitivity. The former response has been intensively investigated; however, the mechanism underlying β-glucan-induced airway hypersensitivity is unknown. Capsaicin-sensitive lung vagal (CSLV) afferents are very chemosensitive and stimulated by various insults to the lungs. Activation of CSLV afferents triggers several airway reflexes, such as cough. Furthermore, the sensitization of these afferents is known to contribute to the airway hypersensitivity during pulmonary inflammation. This study was carried out to determine whether β-glucan induces airway hypersensitivity and the role of the CSLV neurons in this hypersensitivity. Our results showed that the intratracheal instillation of β-glucan caused not only a distinctly irregular pattern in baseline breathing, but also induced a marked enhancement in the pulmonary chemoreflex responses to capsaicin in anesthetized, spontaneously breathing rats. The potentiating effect of β-glucan was found 45 min later and persisted at 90 min. However, β-glucan no longer caused the irregular baseline breathing and the potentiating of pulmonary chemoreflex responses after treatment with perineural capsaicin treatment that blocked the conduction of CSLV fibers. Besides, the potentiating effect of β-glucan on pulmonary chemoreflex responses was significantly attenuated by N-acetyl-L-cysteine (a ROS scavenger), HC-030031 (a TRPA1 antagonist), and Laminarin (a Dectin-1 antagonist). A combination of Laminarin and HC-030031 further reduced the β-glucan-induced effect. Indeed, our fiber activity results showed that the baseline fiber activity and the sensitivity of CSLV afferents were markedly elevated by β-glucan instillation, with a similar timeframe in anesthetized, artificially ventilated rats. Moreover, this effect was reduced by treatment with HC-030031. In isolated rat CSLV neurons, the β-glucan perfusion caused a similar pattern of potentiating effects on capsaicin-induced Ca2+ transients, and β-glucan-induced sensitization was abolished by Laminarin pretreatment. Furthermore, the immunofluorescence results showed that there was a co-localization of TRPV1 and Dectin-1 expression in the DiI-labeled lung vagal neurons. These results suggest that CSLV afferents play a vital role in the airway hypersensitivity elicited by airway exposure to β-glucan. The TRPA1 and Dectin-1 receptors appear to be primarily responsible for generating β-glucan-induced airway hypersensitivity.
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Candida albicans Virulence Factors and Pathogenicity for Endodontic Infections. Microorganisms 2020; 8:microorganisms8091300. [PMID: 32858856 PMCID: PMC7563224 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8091300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Revised: 08/16/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Candida albicans (C. albicans) is the fungus most frequently isolated from endodontic root canal infections. Although recognized by dental pulp and periradicular tissue cells that elicit immune responses, it eludes host defenses and elicits cell death. Then, C. albicans binds tooth dentin, forms biofilms, and invades dentinal tubules to resist intracanal disinfectants and endodontic treatments. Insensitive to most common medicaments, it survives sequestered within biofilms and intratubular dentin. Thus, C. albicans has been associated with cases of persistent or refractory root canal infections. Its treatment strategies may require alternative intracanal irrigants, intracanal medicaments such as chlorhexidine gel or human beta defensin-3 (HBD3), Ca-Si-based obturating materials, and microsurgical procedures.
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Zhou S, Han M, Ren Y, Yang X, Duan L, Zeng Y, Li J. Dibutyl phthalate aggravated asthma-like symptoms through oxidative stress and increasing calcitonin gene-related peptide release. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2020; 199:110740. [PMID: 32446102 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.110740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Revised: 05/02/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Dibutyl phthalate (DBP) is one of the most ubiquitous phthalate esters found in everyday products, and is receiving increased attention as an immunologic adjuvant. However, information regarding DBP-aggravated allergic asthma is still limited. This study used a mouse model sensitized with ovalbumin (OVA) to determine any adverse effects of DBP on allergic asthma. Our results reveal that allergic asthmatic mice exposed to DBP for an extended period had a significant increase in inflammatory cell infiltration; a significant increase in levels of serum immunoglobulin and T helper 2 cell (Th2) and T helper 17 cell (Th17) cytokines in lung tissue; and significant changes in lung histology and AHR, all of which are typical asthmatic symptoms. The levels of oxidative stress and levels of the neuropeptide, calcitonin gene related peptide (CGRP), were also elevated after DBP exposure. Interestingly, blocking oxidative stress by administering melatonin (MT) not only reduced oxidative stress and CGRP levels, but also ameliorated the asthmatic symptoms. Collectively, these results show that DBP exacerbates asthma-like pathologies by increasing the expression of CGRP mediated by oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangyu Zhou
- Brain Science and Advanced Technology Institute, School of Medicine, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430081, China
| | - Man Han
- Brain Science and Advanced Technology Institute, School of Medicine, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430081, China
| | - Yaolin Ren
- Brain Science and Advanced Technology Institute, School of Medicine, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430081, China
| | - Xu Yang
- Section of Environmental Biomedicine, Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, College of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, 430079, China
| | - Liju Duan
- School of Public Health, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, 430079, China
| | - Yan Zeng
- Brain Science and Advanced Technology Institute, School of Medicine, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430081, China
| | - Jinquan Li
- Brain Science and Advanced Technology Institute, School of Medicine, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430081, China; Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control, School of Medicine, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430065, China.
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47
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Cohen JA, Wu J, Kaplan DH. Neuronal Regulation of Cutaneous Immunity. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 204:264-270. [PMID: 31907268 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1901109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2019] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The skin is innervated by numerous sensory afferent neurons that respond to a diverse array of stimuli ranging from gentle touch to noxious pain. Various features of the immune system-pathogen recognition, secretion of soluble mediators-are shared with the nervous system. This has led to the recognition that neurons share some functions with innate immune cells and have the capacity to recognize pathogens and participate in innate immune responses. Neuroimmune interactions are bidirectional. Soluble mediators from immune cells activate neurons and soluble mediators from neurons can activate immune cells. In this review, we will focus on the interplay between neurons and innate immunity in the skin in the context of host defense and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan A Cohen
- Departments of Dermatology and Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261
| | - Jianing Wu
- Departments of Dermatology and Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261.,School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Haidian District, Beijing 100084, China; and
| | - Daniel H Kaplan
- Departments of Dermatology and Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261; .,Pittsburgh Center for Pain Research, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261
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Zhang X, Ye L, Huang Y, Ding X, Wang L. The potential role of TRPV1 in pulmonary hypertension: Angel or demon? Channels (Austin) 2020; 13:235-246. [PMID: 31189399 PMCID: PMC6602577 DOI: 10.1080/19336950.2019.1631106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a pathological state defined by increased pulmonary artery pressure, the pathogenesis of which is related to genetic mutations, intracellular calcium ([Ca2+]i), inflammation and proliferation. Transient receptor potential vanilloid subfamily member 1 (TRPV1) is a nonselective cation channel expressed in neural and nonneural cells, including pulmonary vessels and nerves. As a calcium channel, TRPV1 can make vessels contracted, and promote smooth muscle cells proliferation through calcium-dependent transcription factors. Activation of TRPV1 in sensory nerves can release neuropeptides, including calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), substance P (SP), and somatostatin (SST), which can regulate inflammation via transcription factor NF-kB. Considering the increased level of [Ca2+]i and inflammation in the pathogenesis of PH, our review summarizes the role of TRPV1 in PH with regard to [Ca2+]i, neuropeptides, and inflammation. In view of the limited research illustrating the relationship between TRPV1 and PH directly, our review also considers the role of TRPV1 in other types of vascular inflammation. Through this review, we hope to raise awareness about the function of TRPV1 in PH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zhang
- a The Second Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University , Hangzhou , China.,b Department of Cardiovascular Medicine , Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College , Hangzhou , China
| | - Lifang Ye
- b Department of Cardiovascular Medicine , Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College , Hangzhou , China
| | - Yu Huang
- b Department of Cardiovascular Medicine , Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College , Hangzhou , China
| | - Xueyan Ding
- b Department of Cardiovascular Medicine , Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College , Hangzhou , China
| | - Lihong Wang
- a The Second Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University , Hangzhou , China.,b Department of Cardiovascular Medicine , Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College , Hangzhou , China
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49
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Zhang D, Ni N, Su Y, Miao H, Tang Z, Ji Y, Wang Y, Gao H, Ju Y, Sun N, Sun H, Yuan G, Wang Y, Zhou H, Huang H, Gu P, Fan X. Targeting Local Osteogenic and Ancillary Cells by Mechanobiologically Optimized Magnesium Scaffolds for Orbital Bone Reconstruction in Canines. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:27889-27904. [PMID: 32130854 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c00553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Large-sized orbital bone defects have serious consequences that destroy orbital integrity and result in maxillofacial deformities and vision loss. The treatment of orbital bone defects is currently palliative and not reparative, suggesting an urgent demand for biomaterials that regenerate orbital bones. In this study, via alloying, extrusion and surface modification, we developed mechanobiologically optimized magnesium (Mg) scaffolds (Ca-P-coated Mg-Zn-Gd scaffolds, referred to as Ca-P-Mg) for the orthotopic reconstruction of large-sized orbital bone defects. At 6 months after transplanting the scaffolds to a clinically relevant canine large animal model, large-sized defects were successfully bridged by an abundance of new bone with normal mechanical properties that corresponded to gradual degradation of the implants. The osteogenic and ancillary cells, including vascular endothelial cells and trigeminal neurons, played important roles in this process. The scaffolds robustly enhanced bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell (BMSC) osteogenic differentiation. In addition, the increased angiogenesis including increased ratio of the specific endothelial subtype CD31hi endomucinhi (CD31hiEmcnhi) endothelial cells can facilitate osteogenesis. Furthermore, the scaffolds trigger trigeminal neurons via transient receptor potential vanilloid subtype 1 (Trpv1) to produce the neuropeptide calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), which promotes angiogenesis and osteogenesis. Overall, our investigations revealed the efficacy of Ca-P-Mg scaffolds in healing orbital bone defects and warrant further exploration of these scaffolds for clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dandan Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, People's Republic of China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai 200011, People's Republic of China
| | - Ni Ni
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, People's Republic of China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai 200011, People's Republic of China
| | - Yun Su
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, People's Republic of China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai 200011, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongwei Miao
- National Engineering Research Center of Light Alloy Net Forming and State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composite, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 200240 Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhimin Tang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, People's Republic of China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai 200011, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongrong Ji
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, People's Republic of China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai 200011, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuyao Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, People's Republic of China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai 200011, People's Republic of China
| | - Huiqin Gao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, People's Republic of China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai 200011, People's Republic of China
| | - Yahan Ju
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, People's Republic of China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai 200011, People's Republic of China
| | - Na Sun
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, People's Republic of China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai 200011, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao Sun
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, People's Republic of China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai 200011, People's Republic of China
| | - Guangyin Yuan
- National Engineering Research Center of Light Alloy Net Forming and State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composite, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 200240 Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Yinchuan Wang
- National Engineering Research Center of Light Alloy Net Forming and State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composite, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 200240 Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Huifang Zhou
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, People's Republic of China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai 200011, People's Republic of China
| | - Hua Huang
- National Engineering Research Center of Light Alloy Net Forming and State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composite, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 200240 Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Ping Gu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, People's Republic of China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai 200011, People's Republic of China
| | - Xianqun Fan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, People's Republic of China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai 200011, People's Republic of China
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Affiliation(s)
- Felipe A Pinho-Ribeiro
- Department of Immunology, Harvard Medical School, 77 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Isaac M Chiu
- Department of Immunology, Harvard Medical School, 77 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
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