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Santacruz-Márquez R, Neff AM, Mourikes VE, Fletcher EJ, Flaws JA. The effects of inhaled pollutants on reproduction in marginalized communities: a contemporary review. Inhal Toxicol 2024; 36:286-303. [PMID: 37075037 PMCID: PMC10584991 DOI: 10.1080/08958378.2023.2197941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2023] [Indexed: 04/20/2023]
Abstract
Important differences in health that are closely linked with social disadvantage exist within and between countries. According to the World Health Organization, life expectancy and good health continue to increase in many parts of the world, but fail to improve in other parts of the world, indicating that differences in life expectancy and health arise due to the circumstances in which people grow, live, work, and age, and the systems put in place to deal with illness. Marginalized communities experience higher rates of certain diseases and more deaths compared to the general population, indicating a profound disparity in health status. Although several factors place marginalized communities at high risk for poor health outcomes, one important factor is exposure to air pollutants. Marginalized communities and minorities are exposed to higher levels of air pollutants than the majority population. Interestingly, a link exists between air pollutant exposure and adverse reproductive outcomes, suggesting that marginalized communities may have increased reproductive disorders due to increased exposure to air pollutants compared to the general population. This review summarizes different studies showing that marginalized communities have higher exposure to air pollutants, the types of air pollutants present in our environment, and the associations between air pollution and adverse reproductive outcomes, focusing on marginalized communities.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alison M. Neff
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign
| | | | - Endia J. Fletcher
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign
| | - Jodi A. Flaws
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign
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Xiao H, Hu L, Tang T, Zhong J, Xu Q, Cai X, Xiang F, Yang P, Mei H, Zhou A. Prenatal phthalate exposure and neurodevelopmental differences in twins at 2 years of age. BMC Public Health 2024; 24:533. [PMID: 38378488 PMCID: PMC10880363 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-024-17946-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies of singletons evaluating prenatal phthalate exposure and early neurodevelopment reported mixed results and the associations could be biased by parental, obstetrical, and genetic factors. METHODS A co-twin control design was employed to test whether prenatal phthalate exposure was associated with children's neurocognitive development. We collected information from 97 mother-twin pairs enrolled in the Wuhan Twin Birth Cohort between March 2016 and October 2018. Fourteen phthalate metabolites were measured in maternal urine collected at each trimester. Neurodevelopmental differences in twins at the age of two were examined as the outcome of interest. Multiple informant model was used to examine the covariate-adjusted associations of prenatal phthalate exposure with mental development index (MDI) and psychomotor development index (PDI) scores assessed at 2 years of age based on Bayley Scales of Infant Development (Second Edition). This model also helps to identify the exposure window of susceptibility. RESULTS Maternal urinary levels of mono-2-ethyl-5-oxohexyl phthalate (MEOHP) (β = 1.91, 95% CI: 0.43, 3.39), mono (2-ethyl-5-hydroxyhexyl) phthalate (MEHHP) (β = 1.56, 95% CI: 0.33, 2.79), and the sum of di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate metabolites (∑DEHP) (β = 1.85, 95% CI: 0.39, 3.31) during the first trimester showed the strongest and significant positive associations with intra-twin MDI difference. When stratified with twin chorionicity, the positive associations of monoethyl phthalate (MEP), monoisobutyl phthalate (MiBP), mono-n-butyl phthalate (MBP), monobenzyl phthalate (MBzP), individual DEHP metabolites, and ∑DEHP exposure during pregnancy with intra-twin neurodevelopmental differences were more significant in monochorionic diamniotic (MCDA) twins than those in dichorionic diamniotic (DCDA) twins. CONCLUSIONS Neurodevelopmental differences in MCDA twins were strongly associated with prenatal phthalate exposure. Our findings warrant further confirmation in longitudinal studies with larger sample sizes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Xiao
- Institute of Maternal and Child Health, Wuhan Children's Hospital (Wuhan Maternal and Child Healthcare Hospital), Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Liqin Hu
- Institute of Maternal and Child Health, Wuhan Children's Hospital (Wuhan Maternal and Child Healthcare Hospital), Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Tingting Tang
- Operating Room, Wuhan Children's Hospital (Wuhan Maternal and Child Healthcare Hospital), Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Jufang Zhong
- Department of Obstetrics, Wuhan Children's Hospital (Wuhan Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital), Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Qiao Xu
- Delivery Room, Wuhan Children's Hospital (Wuhan Maternal and Child Healthcare Hospital), Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Xiaonan Cai
- Institute of Maternal and Child Health, Wuhan Children's Hospital (Wuhan Maternal and Child Healthcare Hospital), Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Feiyan Xiang
- Institute of Maternal and Child Health, Wuhan Children's Hospital (Wuhan Maternal and Child Healthcare Hospital), Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Pan Yang
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, 510632, Guangzhou, Guangdong, PR China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, Jinan University, 510632, Guangzhou, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Hong Mei
- Institute of Maternal and Child Health, Wuhan Children's Hospital (Wuhan Maternal and Child Healthcare Hospital), Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China.
| | - Aifen Zhou
- Institute of Maternal and Child Health, Wuhan Children's Hospital (Wuhan Maternal and Child Healthcare Hospital), Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China.
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Guo QC, Yao W, Liu C, Deng TR, Li J, Liao HM, Tian WQ, Wang Y, Du YY, Li YF. Associations of personal care products use with reproductive outcomes of IVF/ICSI treatment. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2024; 14:1320893. [PMID: 38327901 PMCID: PMC10847553 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1320893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Personal care products (PCPs) contain a number of endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) that could potentially affect the reproductive function in women of childbearing age. However, studies focused on the effects of PCPs use on reproductive outcomes are very limited. The current study aimed to explore the relationships between PCPs use patterns and reproductive outcomes in women undergoing in vitro fertilization/intracytoplasmic sperm injection (IVF/ICSI) treatment. Methods A total of 1500 women from the Tongji Reproductive and Environmental (TREE) study between December 2018 and January 2020 were included in this study. Participants provided characteristics of PCPs use within the previous three months. Retrieved oocyte number, mature oocyte number, two distinct pronuclei (2PN) zygote number, fertilization rate, cleavage rate, blastocyst formation rate, implantation, clinical pregnancy, miscarriage, and live birth were followed up as reproductive endpoints. Generalized linear regression model was utilized to assess the associations between various categories of PCPs use and reproductive endpoints of IVF/ICSI. Results After adjusting for relevant covariates, women who used skin care products ≥14 times per week had a reduction of 22.4% in the maturation rate (95% CI: -39.2%, -1.6%) compared to participants who did not use skin care products. After transferring fresh embryos, women who used cosmetics 1-2 times per week (adjusted OR = 2.2, 95% CI: 1.0, 4.8) or 3-7 times per week (adjusted OR = 2.5, 95% CI: 1.2, 5.2) had a higher possibility of miscarriage than those who did not use cosmetics. There was negative association between the use of gel or soap and the cleavage rate among women aged < 30 years old (P for interaction = 0.01). Among women with BMI ≥ 24 kg/m2, the use of gel or soap was negatively associated with the blastocyst formation rate (P for interaction = 0.04), while cosmetics use was negatively associated with the maturation rate (P for interaction = 0.001). Conclusion Our findings suggest that the use of PCPs in women of reproductive age have a potential adverse impact on IVF/ICSI outcomes, particularly skin care and cosmetic products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing-Chun Guo
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Wen Yao
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, General Hospital of Central Theater Command, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Chong Liu
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Tao-Ran Deng
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Juan Li
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Hong-Mei Liao
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Wen-Qu Tian
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yao-Yao Du
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yu-Feng Li
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
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Welch BM, Keil AP, Buckley JP, Engel SM, James-Todd T, Zota AR, Alshawabkeh AN, Barrett ES, Bloom MS, Bush NR, Cordero JF, Dabelea D, Eskenazi B, Lanphear BP, Padmanabhan V, Sathyanarayana S, Swan SH, Aalborg J, Baird DD, Binder AM, Bradman A, Braun JM, Calafat AM, Cantonwine DE, Christenbury KE, Factor-Litvak P, Harley KG, Hauser R, Herbstman JB, Hertz-Picciotto I, Holland N, Jukic AMZ, McElrath TF, Meeker JD, Messerlian C, Michels KB, Newman RB, Nguyen RH, O’Brien KM, Rauh VA, Redmon B, Rich DQ, Rosen EM, Schmidt RJ, Sparks AE, Starling AP, Wang C, Watkins DJ, Weinberg CR, Weinberger B, Wenzel AG, Wilcox AJ, Yolton K, Zhang Y, Ferguson KK. Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Phthalate Exposure and Preterm Birth: A Pooled Study of Sixteen U.S. Cohorts. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2023; 131:127015. [PMID: 38117586 PMCID: PMC10732302 DOI: 10.1289/ehp12831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Phthalate exposures are ubiquitous during pregnancy and may contribute to racial and ethnic disparities in preterm birth. OBJECTIVES We investigated race and ethnicity in the relationship between biomarkers of phthalate exposure and preterm birth by examining: a) how hypothetical reductions in racial and ethnic disparities in phthalate metabolites might reduce the probability of preterm birth; and b) exposure-response models stratified by race and ethnicity. METHODS We pooled individual-level data on 6,045 pregnancies from 16 U.S. cohorts. We investigated covariate-adjusted differences in nine urinary phthalate metabolite concentrations by race and ethnicity [non-Hispanic White (White, 43%), non-Hispanic Black (Black, 13%), Hispanic/Latina (38%), and Asian/Pacific Islander (3%)]. Using g-computation, we estimated changes in the probability of preterm birth under hypothetical interventions to eliminate disparities in levels of urinary phthalate metabolites by proportionally lowering average concentrations in Black and Hispanic/Latina participants to be approximately equal to the averages in White participants. We also used race and ethnicity-stratified logistic regression to characterize associations between phthalate metabolites and preterm birth. RESULTS In comparison with concentrations among White participants, adjusted mean phthalate metabolite concentrations were consistently higher among Black and Hispanic/Latina participants by 23%-148% and 4%-94%, respectively. Asian/Pacific Islander participants had metabolite levels that were similar to those of White participants. Hypothetical interventions to reduce disparities in metabolite mixtures were associated with lower probabilities of preterm birth for Black [13% relative reduction; 95% confidence interval (CI): - 34 % , 8.6%] and Hispanic/Latina (9% relative reduction; 95% CI: - 19 % , 0.8%) participants. Odds ratios for preterm birth in association with phthalate metabolites demonstrated heterogeneity by race and ethnicity for two individual metabolites (mono-n-butyl and monoisobutyl phthalate), with positive associations that were larger in magnitude observed among Black or Hispanic/Latina participants. CONCLUSIONS Phthalate metabolite concentrations differed substantially by race and ethnicity. Our results show hypothetical interventions to reduce population-level racial and ethnic disparities in biomarkers of phthalate exposure could potentially reduce the probability of preterm birth. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP12831.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barrett M. Welch
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
- University of Nevada, Reno, Reno, Nevada, USA
| | | | - Jessie P. Buckley
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Stephanie M. Engel
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Tamarra James-Todd
- Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Ami R. Zota
- Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | | | - Emily S. Barrett
- Rutgers School of Public Health, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA
| | | | - Nicole R. Bush
- University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | | | - Dana Dabelea
- University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Brenda Eskenazi
- Center for Environmental Research and Community Health (CERCH), University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA
| | | | | | - Sheela Sathyanarayana
- Seattle Children’s Research Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Shanna H. Swan
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Jenny Aalborg
- University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Donna D. Baird
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | | | - Asa Bradman
- University of California, Merced, Merced, California, USA
| | | | - Antonia M. Calafat
- National Center for Environmental Health, U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | | | - Kate E. Christenbury
- Social & Scientific Systems, Inc., a DLH Holdings Company, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Pam Factor-Litvak
- Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Kim G. Harley
- Center for Environmental Research and Community Health (CERCH), University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Russ Hauser
- Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Julie B. Herbstman
- Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | | | - Nina Holland
- Center for Environmental Research and Community Health (CERCH), University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Anne Marie Z. Jukic
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | | | - John D. Meeker
- School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Carmen Messerlian
- Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Karin B. Michels
- University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Institute for Prevention and Cancer Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Roger B. Newman
- Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Ruby H.N. Nguyen
- University of Minnesota, School of Public Health, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Katie M. O’Brien
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Virginia A. Rauh
- Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Bruce Redmon
- University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - David Q. Rich
- University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Emma M. Rosen
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | | | | | - Anne P. Starling
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Christina Wang
- The Lundquist Institute at Harbor, UCLA Medical Center, West Carson, California, USA
| | - Deborah J. Watkins
- School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Clarice R. Weinberg
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Barry Weinberger
- Cohen Children’s Medical Center of New York, Northwell Health, Queens, New York, USA
| | - Abby G. Wenzel
- Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Allen J. Wilcox
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Kimberly Yolton
- Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Yu Zhang
- Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Kelly K. Ferguson
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
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Siddiq S, Clemons AM, Meeker JD, Gennings C, Rauh V, Leisher SH, Llanos AAM, McDonald JA, Wylie BJ, Factor-Litvak P. Predictors of Phthalate Metabolites Exposure among Healthy Pregnant Women in the United States, 2010-2015. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:7104. [PMID: 38063534 PMCID: PMC10706567 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20237104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023]
Abstract
Phthalate use and the concentrations of their metabolites in humans vary by geographic region, race, ethnicity, sex, product use and other factors. Exposure during pregnancy may be associated with detrimental reproductive and developmental outcomes. No studies have evaluated the predictors of exposure to a wide range of phthalate metabolites in a large, diverse population. We examined the determinants of phthalate metabolites in a cohort of racially/ethnically diverse nulliparous pregnant women. We report on urinary metabolites of nine parent phthalates or replacement compounds-Butyl benzyl phthalate (BBzP), Diisobutyl phthalate (DiBP), Diethyl phthalate (DEP), Diisononyl phthalate (DiNP), D-n-octyl phthalate (DnOP), Di-2-ethylhexyl terephthalate (DEHTP), Di-n/i-butyl phthalate (DnBP), Di-isononyl phthalate (DiNP) and Di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) from urine collected up to three times from 953 women enrolled in the Nulliparous Mothers To Be Study. Phthalate metabolites were adjusted for specific gravity. Generalized estimating equations (GEEs) were used to identify the predictors of each metabolite. Overall predictors include age, race and ethnicity, education, BMI and clinical site of care. Women who were Non-Hispanic Black, Hispanic or Asian, obese or had lower levels of education had higher concentrations of selected metabolites. These findings indicate exposure patterns that require policies to reduce exposure in specific subgroups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shabnaz Siddiq
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA; (A.M.C.); (A.A.M.L.); (P.F.-L.)
| | - Autumn M. Clemons
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA; (A.M.C.); (A.A.M.L.); (P.F.-L.)
| | - John D. Meeker
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA;
| | - Chris Gennings
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA;
| | - Virginia Rauh
- Heilbrunn Department of Population and Family Health, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA;
| | - Susannah Hopkins Leisher
- Stillbirth Research Program, Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Adana A. M. Llanos
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA; (A.M.C.); (A.A.M.L.); (P.F.-L.)
| | - Jasmine A. McDonald
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA; (A.M.C.); (A.A.M.L.); (P.F.-L.)
| | - Blair J. Wylie
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY 10032, USA;
| | - Pam Factor-Litvak
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA; (A.M.C.); (A.A.M.L.); (P.F.-L.)
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Rosen EM, Stevens DR, McNell EE, Wood ME, Engel SM, Keil AP, Calafat AM, Botelho JC, Sinkovskaya E, Przybylska A, Saade G, Abuhamad A, Ferguson KK. Variability and Longitudinal Trajectories of Phthalate and Replacement Biomarkers across Pregnancy in the Human Placenta and Phthalates Study. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023; 57:13036-13046. [PMID: 37607343 PMCID: PMC10513743 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c04043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/24/2023]
Abstract
Human exposure to phthalates is widespread, but assessment of variability across pregnancy has been hampered by short half-lives of phthalate biomarkers and a few repeated measures in prior studies. We aimed to characterize the variability and longitudinal profiles of phthalate and replacement biomarkers across pregnancy. Within the Human Placenta and Phthalates Study, 303 pregnant women provided urine samples at up to 8 visits across gestation. Concentrations of 14 metabolites of phthalates and 4 metabolites of replacements were quantified in each sample, and subject-specific averages within each trimester were calculated. We examined variability in individual biomarker concentrations across the 8 visits, within trimesters, and across trimester-specific averages using intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs). To explore longitudinal exposure biomarker profiles, we applied group-based trajectory modeling to trimester-specific averages over pregnancy. Pooling multiple visits into trimester-specific averages improved the ICCs for all biomarkers. Most biomarkers generally showed stable concentrations across gestation, i.e., high-, medium-, and low-concentration profiles, with small proportions of participants falling into the "high"-exposure groups. Variability over pregnancy is likely attributable to random fluctuations around a baseline exposure rather than true changes in concentrations over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma M. Rosen
- Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Durham, North Carolina 27709, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
| | - Danielle R. Stevens
- Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Durham, North Carolina 27709, USA
| | - Erin E. McNell
- Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Durham, North Carolina 27709, USA
- Curriculum in Toxicology and Environmental Medicine, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
| | - Mollie E. Wood
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
| | - Stephanie M. Engel
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
| | - Alexander P. Keil
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - Antonia M Calafat
- Division of Laboratory Sciences, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia 30341, USA
| | - Julianne Cook Botelho
- Division of Laboratory Sciences, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia 30341, USA
| | - Elena Sinkovskaya
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, Virginia 23507, USA
| | - Ann Przybylska
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, Virginia 23507, USA
| | - George Saade
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, Virginia 23507, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas 77555, USA
| | - Alfred Abuhamad
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, Virginia 23507, USA
| | - Kelly K. Ferguson
- Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Durham, North Carolina 27709, USA
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7
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Wu N, Tao L, Tian K, Wang X, He C, An S, Tian Y, Liu X, Chen W, Zhang H, Xu P, Liao D, Liao J, Wang L, Fang D, Hu Z, Yuan H, Huang J, Chen X, Zhang L, Hou X, Zeng R, Liu X, Xiong S, Xie Y, Liu Y, Li Q, Shen X, Zhou Y, Shang X. Risk assessment and environmental determinants of urinary phthalate metabolites in pregnant women in Southwest China. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:53077-53088. [PMID: 36849691 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-26095-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Pregnant women are widely exposed to phthalic acid esters (PAEs) that are commonly used in most aspects of modern life. However, few studies have examined the cumulative exposure of pregnant women to a variety of PAEs derived from the living environmental conditions in China. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the urinary concentrations of nine PAE metabolites in pregnant women, examine the relationship between urinary concentrations and residential characteristics, and conduct a risk assessment analysis. We included 1,888 women who were in their third trimester of pregnancy, and we determined their urinary concentrations of nine PAE metabolites using high-performance gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The risk assessment of exposure to PAEs was calculated based on the estimated daily intake. A linear regression model was used to analyze the relationship between creatinine-adjusted PAE metabolite concentrations and residential characteristics. The detection rate of five PAE metabolites in the study population was > 90%. Among the PAE metabolites adjusted by creatinine, the urinary metabolite concentration of monobutyl phthalate was found to be the highest. Residential factors, such as housing type, proximity to streets, recent decorations, lack of ventilation in the kitchen, less than equal to three rooms, and the use of coal/kerosene/wood/wheat straw fuels, were all significantly associated with high PAE metabolite concentrations. Due to PAE exposure, ~ 42% (n = 793) of the participants faced potential health risks, particularly attributed to dibutyl phthalate, diisobutyl phthalate, and di(2-ethyl)hexyl phthalate exposure. Living in buildings and using coal/kerosene/wood/wheat straw as domestic fuel can further increase the risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nian Wu
- School of Public Health, Zunyi Medical University, No.6 Xuefu Xilu, Zunyi, 563006, People's Republic of China
| | - Lin Tao
- School of Public Health, Zunyi Medical University, No.6 Xuefu Xilu, Zunyi, 563006, People's Republic of China
| | - Kunming Tian
- School of Public Health, Zunyi Medical University, No.6 Xuefu Xilu, Zunyi, 563006, People's Republic of China
| | - Xia Wang
- School of Public Health, Zunyi Medical University, No.6 Xuefu Xilu, Zunyi, 563006, People's Republic of China
| | - Caidie He
- School of Public Health, Zunyi Medical University, No.6 Xuefu Xilu, Zunyi, 563006, People's Republic of China
| | - Songlin An
- School of Public Health, Zunyi Medical University, No.6 Xuefu Xilu, Zunyi, 563006, People's Republic of China
| | - Yingkuan Tian
- School of Public Health, Zunyi Medical University, No.6 Xuefu Xilu, Zunyi, 563006, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiang Liu
- School of Public Health, Zunyi Medical University, No.6 Xuefu Xilu, Zunyi, 563006, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Chen
- School of Public Health, Zunyi Medical University, No.6 Xuefu Xilu, Zunyi, 563006, People's Republic of China
| | - Haonan Zhang
- School of Public Health, Zunyi Medical University, No.6 Xuefu Xilu, Zunyi, 563006, People's Republic of China
| | - Pei Xu
- School of Public Health, Zunyi Medical University, No.6 Xuefu Xilu, Zunyi, 563006, People's Republic of China
| | - Dengqing Liao
- School of Public Health, Zunyi Medical University, No.6 Xuefu Xilu, Zunyi, 563006, People's Republic of China
| | - Juan Liao
- Department of Obstetrics, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, NO.149 Dalian Lu, Zunyi, 563006, People's Republic of China
| | - Linglu Wang
- Department of Obstetrics, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, NO.149 Dalian Lu, Zunyi, 563006, People's Republic of China
| | - Derong Fang
- Department of Obstetrics, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, NO.149 Dalian Lu, Zunyi, 563006, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhongmei Hu
- Department of Obstetrics, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, NO.149 Dalian Lu, Zunyi, 563006, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongyu Yuan
- The People's Hospital of Xishui County, Chishui Xilu, Xishui County, Zunyi, Guizhou Province, 564600, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingyi Huang
- The People's Hospital of Xishui County, Chishui Xilu, Xishui County, Zunyi, Guizhou Province, 564600, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoshan Chen
- The People's Hospital of Meitan County, Chacheng Avenue, Meitan County, Zunyi, Guizhou Province, 564100, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Zhang
- The People's Hospital of Meitan County, Chacheng Avenue, Meitan County, Zunyi, Guizhou Province, 564100, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaohui Hou
- School of Preclinical Medicine, Zunyi Medical University, No.6 Xuefu Xilu, Zunyi, 563006, People's Republic of China
| | - Rong Zeng
- School of Public Health, Zunyi Medical University, No.6 Xuefu Xilu, Zunyi, 563006, People's Republic of China
| | - Xingyan Liu
- School of Public Health, Zunyi Medical University, No.6 Xuefu Xilu, Zunyi, 563006, People's Republic of China
| | - Shimin Xiong
- School of Public Health, Zunyi Medical University, No.6 Xuefu Xilu, Zunyi, 563006, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Xie
- School of Public Health, Zunyi Medical University, No.6 Xuefu Xilu, Zunyi, 563006, People's Republic of China
| | - Yijun Liu
- School of Public Health, Zunyi Medical University, No.6 Xuefu Xilu, Zunyi, 563006, People's Republic of China
| | - Quan Li
- Department of Obstetrics, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, NO.149 Dalian Lu, Zunyi, 563006, People's Republic of China
| | - Xubo Shen
- School of Public Health, Zunyi Medical University, No.6 Xuefu Xilu, Zunyi, 563006, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanzhong Zhou
- School of Public Health, Zunyi Medical University, No.6 Xuefu Xilu, Zunyi, 563006, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xuejun Shang
- Department of Urology, Jinling Hospital School of Medicine, Nanjing University, No.305 East Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, 210002, China
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8
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Demographic and anthropometric characteristics and their effect on the concentration of heavy metals (arsenic, lead, chromium, zinc) in children and adolescents. Heliyon 2023; 9:e13621. [PMID: 36846698 PMCID: PMC9950940 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e13621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Biomonitoring is a well-established method for assessing people's exposure to contaminants in the environment. Many non-communicable diseases can be prevented or aggravated by physiologically monitoring heavy metals in biological matrices such as urine, evaluating their association with non-communicable diseases, and attempting to limit exposure to them. The focus of this research was to determine the association between potentially toxic elements (PTE) such as arsenic (As), lead (Pb), chromium (Cr), and zinc (Zn) urine concentrations and anthropometric indices and demographic data in children and adolescents aged 6-18 years in Kerman, Iran. Methods 106 children and adolescents aged 6-18 years in Kerman were randomly selected. A questionnaire was used to acquire demographic information from the participants' parents. Height, weight, and waist circumference (WC) were all assessed, as well as body mass index (BMI) and BMI Z-score. Induced Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP/MS) was used to quantify As, Pb, Cr, and Zn concentrations in participants' urine. Results The geometric mean concentrations were As (38.72 ± 39.30), Pb (19.58 ± 22.91), Cr (1.06 ± 0.28), and Zn (344.72 ± 288.16) μg/creatinine. Boys aged 12-18 years old had higher mean concentration of As than boys aged 6-11 years old (p = 0.019) according to two measurement standards, μg/L, and μg/creatinine, whereas girls had no significant difference. In general, there was a strong association between parental education and metal concentrations of As, Pb, and Cr. As, Pb, and Zn (μg/creatinine) had a significant positive association with BMI z-score and BMI. As, Pb, and Zn metals were shown to have a substantial positive association (p < 0.001). There was no evidence of an association between the metals evaluated and WC. Conclusions The findings of this study generally showed that there was a significant association between demographic characteristics and exposure to these metals in children and adolescents, indicating that these people were exposed to these metals, which can harm their health. As a result, the pathways of exposure to metals must be limited.
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9
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Zhang M, Liu C, Yuan XQ, Yao W, Yao QY, Huang Y, Li NJ, Deng YL, Chen PP, Miao Y, Cui FP, Li YF, Zeng Q. Urinary phthalate metabolites and the risk of endometrial polyp: A pilot study from the TREE cohort. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 317:120711. [PMID: 36427821 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.120711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Phthalates, as endocrine disrupting chemicals that can alter the endogenous hormones, may be involved in the incidence of endometrial polyp, a benign hormone-dependent condition. We conducted a pilot case-control study from the Tongji Reproductive and Environmental (TREE) cohort to investigate the associations between phthalate exposures and the risk of endometrial polyp. A total of 40 endometrial polyp patients were matched to 80 controls by age and body mass index in the ratio of 1:2. Two spot urine samples from each subject were quantified for eight phthalate metabolites to enhance exposure assessment. The conditional logistic regression and quantile-based g-computation models were separately used to explore the associations between individual and mixture of urinary phthalate metabolites and the risk of endometrial polyp. After adjusting for covariates, individual chemical analyses showed that urinary monobenzyl phthalate (MBzP), mono(2-ethyl-5-hydroxyhexyl) phthalate (MEHHP), mono(2-ethyl-5-carboxypentyl) phthalate (MECPP), mono(2-ethyl-5-oxohexyl) phthalate (MEOHP), mono(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (MEHHP) and the sum of di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (ΣDEHP) were associated with increased risks of endometrial polyp, with adjusted odds ratios ranging from 2.62 (95% CI: 0.88, 7.84) for MECPP to 6.96 (95% CI: 1.87, 25.87) for ΣDEHP comparing the extreme exposure categories (all P for trends <0.05 or = 0.057). These associations still persisted when these exposures were modeled as continuous variables. Chemical mixture analyses showed that a simultaneous one-quartile increase in concentrations of eight phthalate metabolites was associated with an elevated odds ratio of 3.14 (95% CI: 1.49, 6.60) in endometrial polyp. Our data suggests that exposure to individual benzylbutyl phthalate (BBzP) and DEHP, as well as mixture of phthalates is associated with increased risk of endometrial polyp. This may inform public health recommendations and policies to avoid phthalate exposures for improving female reproductive health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Zhang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, And State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Chong Liu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, And State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Xiao-Qiong Yuan
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095, Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Wen Yao
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095, Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Qing-Yun Yao
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095, Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Yong Huang
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095, Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Ni-Jie Li
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095, Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Yan-Ling Deng
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, And State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Pan-Pan Chen
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, And State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Yu Miao
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, And State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Fei-Peng Cui
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, And State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Yu-Feng Li
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095, Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Qiang Zeng
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, And State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China.
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10
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Sienas L, Albright C, Ni Y, Szpiro A, Bush NR, Loftus C, Kannan K, Tylavsky F, Karr CJ, LeWinn KZ, Sathyanarayana S. Associations between Phthalate Exposure and Gestational Age at Delivery in a Diverse Pregnancy Cohort. TOXICS 2022; 10:754. [PMID: 36548587 PMCID: PMC9785862 DOI: 10.3390/toxics10120754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Revised: 11/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The association between prenatal phthalate exposure and late preterm birth (LPTB) is unclear. We examined singleton pregnancies (2006-2011) from a racially and socioeconomically diverse sample of women in the CANDLE cohort of the ECHO-PATHWAYS Consortium. Urine collected in the second and third trimester was analyzed for 14 phthalate metabolites. Multivariate logistic and linear regressions were performed for LPTB, defined as delivery 34-37 weeks, and gestational week, respectively. Models were controlled for socio-demographics, behavioral factors, clinical measurements, medical history, and phthalates in the other trimester. Effect modification by race and pregnancy stress, indicated by intimate partner violence (IPV), was investigated. We conducted a secondary analysis in women with spontaneous preterm labor. The rate of LPTB among 1408 women (61% Black, 32% White) was 6.7%. There was no evidence of decreased gestational age (GA) in association with any phthalate metabolite. Each two-fold increase in third trimester mono-benzyl phthalate (MBzP) was associated with 0.08 weeks longer gestational age (95% CI: 0.03, 0.12). When restricting to women with spontaneous labor, second trimester mono-n-butyl phthalate (MBP) was associated with 54% higher odds (95% CI: 2%, 132%) of LPTB. Associations were not modified by maternal race or IPV exposure. In conclusion, we observed mixed evidence concerning our hypothesis that prenatal phthalate exposure increases risk of LPTB, though secondary analyses suggest increased risk of spontaneous LPTB associated with MBP, which is consistent with a recent pooled analysis of 16 cohorts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Sienas
- Northwest Perinatal Associates, Portland, OR 97225, USA
| | - Catherine Albright
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Yu Ni
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Adam Szpiro
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Nicole R. Bush
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Christine Loftus
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Kurunthachalam Kannan
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Frances Tylavsky
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - Catherine J. Karr
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Kaja Z. LeWinn
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Sheela Sathyanarayana
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
- Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98101, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
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11
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Flasch M, Fitz V, Rampler E, Ezekiel CN, Koellensperger G, Warth B. Integrated Exposomics/Metabolomics for Rapid Exposure and Effect Analyses. JACS AU 2022; 2:2548-2560. [PMID: 36465551 PMCID: PMC9709941 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.2c00433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Revised: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The totality of environmental exposures and lifestyle factors, commonly referred to as the exposome, is poorly understood. Measuring the myriad of chemicals that humans are exposed to is immensely challenging, and identifying disrupted metabolic pathways is even more complex. Here, we present a novel technological approach for the comprehensive, rapid, and integrated analysis of the endogenous human metabolome and the chemical exposome. By combining reverse-phase and hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC) and fast polarity-switching, molecules with highly diverse chemical structures can be analyzed in 15 min with a single analytical run as both column's effluents are combined before analysis. Standard reference materials and authentic standards were evaluated to critically benchmark performance. Highly sensitive median limits of detection (LODs) with 0.04 μM for >140 quantitatively assessed endogenous metabolites and 0.08 ng/mL for the >100 model xenobiotics and human estrogens in solvent were obtained. In matrix, the median LOD values were higher with 0.7 ng/mL (urine) and 0.5 ng/mL (plasma) for exogenous chemicals. To prove the dual-column approach's applicability, real-life urine samples from sub-Saharan Africa (high-exposure scenario) and Europe (low-exposure scenario) were assessed in a targeted and nontargeted manner. Our liquid chromatography high-resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS) approach demonstrates the feasibility of quantitatively and simultaneously assessing the endogenous metabolome and the chemical exposome for the high-throughput measurement of environmental drivers of diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mira Flasch
- Faculty
of Chemistry, Department of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, University of Vienna, Währinger Straße 38-40, 1090 Vienna, Austria
- Vienna
Doctoral School of Chemistry, University
of Vienna, Währinger Straße 42, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Veronika Fitz
- Vienna
Doctoral School of Chemistry, University
of Vienna, Währinger Straße 42, 1090 Vienna, Austria
- Faculty
of Chemistry, Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Straße 38-40, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Evelyn Rampler
- Faculty
of Chemistry, Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Straße 38-40, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Chibundu N. Ezekiel
- Department
of Microbiology, Babcock University, 121103 Ilishan
Remo, Ogun State, Nigeria
| | - Gunda Koellensperger
- Faculty
of Chemistry, Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Straße 38-40, 1090 Vienna, Austria
- Exposome
Austria, Research Infrastructure and National EIRENE Hub, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Benedikt Warth
- Faculty
of Chemistry, Department of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, University of Vienna, Währinger Straße 38-40, 1090 Vienna, Austria
- Exposome
Austria, Research Infrastructure and National EIRENE Hub, 1090 Vienna, Austria
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12
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Ryva BA, Haggerty DK, Pacyga DC, James-Todd T, Li Z, Flaws JA, Strakovsky RS. Determinants of urinary phthalate biomarker concentrations in pre- and perimenopausal women with consideration of race. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 214:114056. [PMID: 35952743 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.114056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Revised: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Phthalates are endocrine disruptors in consumer plastics and personal care products. Our objectives were to identify determinants of phthalate biomarkers in women during the hormonally-sensitive midlife period, and to consider differences between non-Hispanic White and Black women. METHODS We used information from the Midlife Women's Health Study of pre- and peri-menopausal women from Baltimore, Maryland (enrolled 2006-2015). We collected sociodemographic/health information via baseline questionnaires or during clinic visits and measured nine phthalate metabolites in pools of 2-4 urines collected across one menstrual cycle. We calculated molar sums of metabolites to estimate exposure to di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (ΣDEHP), personal care product phthalates (ΣPCPs), and phthalates in plastics (ΣPlastics). Accounting for meaningful predictors from bivariable analyses, our multivariable linear regression models evaluated determinants of phthalate biomarkers in all women (n = 689), non-Hispanic White women only (n = 467), or non-Hispanic Black women only (n = 195). RESULTS In multivariable analyses of all women, those who were perimenopausal, widowed/divorced, non-Hispanic Black, with higher family income, with lower BMI, or who reported more frequent nausea had higher monoethyl phthalate (MEP) and ΣPCP. Non-Hispanic White women who were perimenopausal had lower mono-(3-carboxypropyl) phthalate (MCPP) and monobutyl phthalate (MBP), those who consume alcohol had higher mono-isobutyl phthalate (MiBP), and those with higher BMI had lower MEP and higher MCPP. Alternatively, widowed/divorced Black women had higher ΣDEHP, monobenzyl phthalate (MBzP), and ΣPlastics, whereas Black women with higher income had higher MEP and ΣPCP. Black women who described themselves as having "as much" physical activity as others or who reported a skin condition had lower MBzP and MCPP, respectively. CONCLUSION We identified important determinants of phthalate biomarkers in midlife women and observed some differences by race. Future studies could consider reasons for these differences when developing interventions to reduce phthalate disparities and related health effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brad A Ryva
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA; College of Osteopathic Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA; Institute for Integrative Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Diana K Haggerty
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Diana C Pacyga
- Institute for Integrative Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA; Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Tamarra James-Todd
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Zhong Li
- Roy J. Carver Biotechnology Center, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, IL 61801, USA
| | - Jodi A Flaws
- The Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Rita S Strakovsky
- Institute for Integrative Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA; Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA.
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13
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Gardener H, Nguyen V, Hoepner LA. Phthalate and bisphenol a exposures during pregnancy: Findings from the National Children's Study. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 214:114122. [PMID: 35995224 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.114122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2022] [Revised: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Maternal exposure to phthalates and bisphenol A (BPA) during pregnancy can result in many adverse offspring health outcomes. Exposure to phthalates and BPA can vary depending on consumption of certain foods, some of which may vary by race/ethnicity. This study relates urine phthalate and BPA concentrations to sociodemographic and diet data. Concentrations of bisphenol A (BPA) and 11 phthalate metabolites were measured from spot urine at the third trimester visit of a sample of 485 pregnant women from the National Children's Study Vanguard Study Pilot data from seven U.S. cities. At the same time, food frequency questionnaires (FFQ) using the Diet*Calc software were obtained from 313 (65%) participants to assess dietary behavior. Overall, phthalate metabolites were highest among Hispanic women, particularly mBP, miBP, and mECPP, and these disparities were not explained by diet. Participants who did not attend college had higher concentrations of mBP, mBzP, mEP, and miBP, and lower mCOP. These disparities were also not explained by diet. The causes for these disparities should be further studied to reduce potential negative health outcomes associated with phthalate exposure for children of Hispanic or non-college educated women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Gardener
- Department of Neurology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Clinical Research Building, 1120 NW 14th Street, Miami, FL, 33136, USA.
| | - Vivian Nguyen
- College of Medicine and Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences of the School of Public Health, State University of New York Downstate Health Sciences University, 450 Clarkson Avenue, Brooklyn, NY, 11230, USA.
| | - Lori A Hoepner
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, State University of New York Downstate Health Sciences University School of Public Health, 450 Clarkson Avenue, Brooklyn, NY, 11230, USA.
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14
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Parenti M, Schmidt RJ, Ozonoff S, Shin HM, Tancredi DJ, Krakowiak P, Hertz-Picciotto I, Walker CK, Slupsky CM. Maternal Serum and Placental Metabolomes in Association with Prenatal Phthalate Exposure and Neurodevelopmental Outcomes in the MARBLES Cohort. Metabolites 2022; 12:829. [PMID: 36144233 PMCID: PMC9500898 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12090829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Revised: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Prenatal exposure to phthalates, a family of endocrine-disrupting plasticizers, is associated with disruption of maternal metabolism and impaired neurodevelopment. We investigated associations between prenatal phthalate exposure and alterations of both the maternal third trimester serum metabolome and the placental metabolome at birth, and associations of these with child neurodevelopmental outcomes using data and samples from the Markers of Autism Risk in Babies Learning Early Signs (MARBLES) cohort. The third trimester serum (n = 106) and placental (n = 132) metabolomes were investigated using 1H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Children were assessed clinically for autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and cognitive development. Although none of the urinary phthalate metabolite concentrations were associated with maternal serum metabolites after adjustment for covariates, mixture analysis using quantile g-computation revealed alterations in placental metabolites with increasing concentrations of phthalate metabolites that included reduced concentrations of 2-hydoxybutyrate, carnitine, O-acetylcarnitine, glucitol, and N-acetylneuraminate. Child neurodevelopmental outcome was not associated with the third trimester serum metabolome, but it was correlated with the placental metabolome in male children only. Maternal phthalate exposure during pregnancy is associated with differences in the placental metabolome at delivery, and the placental metabolome is associated with neurodevelopmental outcomes in males in a cohort with high familial ASD risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Parenti
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Rebecca J. Schmidt
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
- Medical Investigation of Neurodevelopmental Disorders (MIND) Institute, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Sally Ozonoff
- Medical Investigation of Neurodevelopmental Disorders (MIND) Institute, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Hyeong-Moo Shin
- Department of Environmental Science, Baylor University, Waco, TX 76798, USA
| | - Daniel J. Tancredi
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Paula Krakowiak
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Irva Hertz-Picciotto
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
- Medical Investigation of Neurodevelopmental Disorders (MIND) Institute, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Cheryl K. Walker
- Medical Investigation of Neurodevelopmental Disorders (MIND) Institute, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Carolyn M. Slupsky
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
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15
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Liu H, Wang Y, Kannan K, Liu M, Zhu H, Chen Y, Kahn LG, Jacobson MH, Gu B, Mehta-Lee S, Brubaker SG, Ghassabian A, Trasande L. Determinants of phthalate exposures in pregnant women in New York City. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 212:113203. [PMID: 35358547 PMCID: PMC9232940 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.113203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Revised: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies have provided data on determinants of phthalates in pregnant women, but results were disparate across regions. We aimed to identify the food groups and demographic factors that predict phthalate exposure in an urban contemporary pregnancy cohort in the US. The study included 450 pregnant women from the New York University Children's Health and Environment Study in New York City. Urinary concentrations of 22 phthalate metabolites, including metabolites of di-2-ethylhexylphthalate (DEHP), were determined at three time points across pregnancy by liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry. The Diet History Questionnaire II was completed by pregnant women at mid-pregnancy to assess dietary information. Linear mixed models were fitted to examine determinants of urinary phthalate metabolite concentrations. Using partial-linear single-index (PLSI) models, we assessed the major contributors, among ten food groups, to phthalate exposure. Metabolites of DEHP and its ortho-phthalate replacement, diisononyl phthalate (DiNP), were found in >90% of the samples. The sum of creatinine-adjusted DiNP metabolite concentrations was higher in older and single women and in samples collected in summer. Hispanic and non-Hispanic Black women had lower urinary concentrations of summed metabolites of di-n-octyl phthalate (DnOP), but higher concentrations of low molecular weight phthalates compared with non-Hispanic White women. Each doubling of grain products consumed was associated with a 20.9% increase in ∑DiNP concentrations (95%CI: 4.5, 39.9). PLSI models revealed that intake of dried beans and peas was the main dietary factor contributing to urinary ∑DEHP, ∑DiNP, and ∑DnOP levels, with contribution proportions of 76.3%, 35.8%, and 27.4%, respectively. Urinary metabolite levels of phthalates in pregnant women in NYC varied by age, marital status, seasonality, race/ethnicity, and diet. These results lend insight into the major determinants of phthalates levels, and may be used to identify exposure sources and guide interventions to reduce exposures in susceptible populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongxiu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430000, Hubei, PR China; Department of Pediatrics, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Yuyan Wang
- Department of Population Health, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Kurunthachalam Kannan
- Department of Pediatrics, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA; Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Mengling Liu
- Department of Population Health, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA; Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Hongkai Zhu
- Department of Pediatrics, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Yu Chen
- Department of Population Health, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA; Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Linda G Kahn
- Department of Pediatrics, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA; Department of Population Health, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Melanie H Jacobson
- Department of Pediatrics, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Bo Gu
- Department of Population Health, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Shilpi Mehta-Lee
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sara G Brubaker
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Akhgar Ghassabian
- Department of Pediatrics, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA; Department of Population Health, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA; Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Leonardo Trasande
- Department of Pediatrics, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA; Department of Population Health, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA; Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA; NYU Wagner School of Public Service, New York, NY, USA; NYU College of Global Public Health, New York, NY, USA
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16
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Aimuzi R, Huang S, Luo K, Ma S, Huo X, Li G, Tian Y, Zhang J, Yu Y. Levels and health risks of urinary phthalate metabolites and the association between phthalate exposure and unexplained recurrent spontaneous abortion: a large case-control study from China. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 212:113393. [PMID: 35504341 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.113393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Revised: 04/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Phthalate acid esters (PAEs) are environmental endocrine disruptors that can interfere with endocrine processes and cause adverse reproductive outcomes. The link between PAE exposure and unexplained recurrent spontaneous abortion (URSA) remains unknown. In this study, nine urinary metabolites of PAEs (mPAEs) were measured in 594 URSA cases and 569 healthy controls. The measured mPAEs were ubiquitously detected and present at higher levels (median: 203 ng/mL) in the URSA cases than in the controls (median: 161 ng/mL). Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that URSA was associated with higher concentrations of mono (2-ethyl-5-hydroxyhexyl) phthalate (mEHHP), mono (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (mEHP), and mono-ethyl phthalate (mEP) and lower concentrations of mono-isobutyl phthalate (miBP). Moreover, a quantile-based g-computation (QGC) model revealed a positive association between mPAEs mixture and URSA. The URSA cases showed significantly higher concentrations of di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) than the controls. This was consistent with the health risk assessment, which suggested that DEHP is the main contributors to potential non-carcinogenic risk. DEHP accounted for over 80% of total risk. The large case-control study results suggest that PAE exposure may increase the risk of URSA, and that policy-makers and public health experts should pay more attention to DEHP exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruxianguli Aimuzi
- Ministry of Education -Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Senyuan Huang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; Key Laboratory of City Cluster Environmental Safety and Green Development, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Kai Luo
- Ministry of Education -Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092, China; School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Shengtao Ma
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; Key Laboratory of City Cluster Environmental Safety and Green Development, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Xiaona Huo
- Ministry of Education -Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Guiying Li
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; Key Laboratory of City Cluster Environmental Safety and Green Development, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Ying Tian
- Ministry of Education -Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092, China; School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Ministry of Education -Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092, China; School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092, China.
| | - Yingxin Yu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; Key Laboratory of City Cluster Environmental Safety and Green Development, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China.
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17
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Welch BM, Keil AP, Buckley JP, Calafat AM, Christenbury KE, Engel SM, O'Brien KM, Rosen EM, James-Todd T, Zota AR, Ferguson KK. Associations Between Prenatal Urinary Biomarkers of Phthalate Exposure and Preterm Birth: A Pooled Study of 16 US Cohorts. JAMA Pediatr 2022; 176:895-905. [PMID: 35816333 PMCID: PMC9274448 DOI: 10.1001/jamapediatrics.2022.2252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Importance Phthalate exposure is widespread among pregnant women and may be a risk factor for preterm birth. Objective To investigate the prospective association between urinary biomarkers of phthalates in pregnancy and preterm birth among individuals living in the US. Design, Setting, and Participants Individual-level data were pooled from 16 preconception and pregnancy studies conducted in the US. Pregnant individuals who delivered between 1983 and 2018 and provided 1 or more urine samples during pregnancy were included. Exposures Urinary phthalate metabolites were quantified as biomarkers of phthalate exposure. Concentrations of 11 phthalate metabolites were standardized for urine dilution and mean repeated measurements across pregnancy were calculated. Main Outcomes and Measures Logistic regression models were used to examine the association between each phthalate metabolite with the odds of preterm birth, defined as less than 37 weeks of gestation at delivery (n = 539). Models pooled data using fixed effects and adjusted for maternal age, race and ethnicity, education, and prepregnancy body mass index. The association between the overall mixture of phthalate metabolites and preterm birth was also examined with logistic regression. G-computation, which requires certain assumptions to be considered causal, was used to estimate the association with hypothetical interventions to reduce the mixture concentrations on preterm birth. Results The final analytic sample included 6045 participants (mean [SD] age, 29.1 [6.1] years). Overall, 802 individuals (13.3%) were Black, 2323 (38.4%) were Hispanic/Latina, 2576 (42.6%) were White, and 328 (5.4%) had other race and ethnicity (including American Indian/Alaskan Native, Native Hawaiian, >1 racial identity, or reported as other). Most phthalate metabolites were detected in more than 96% of participants. Higher odds of preterm birth, ranging from 12% to 16%, were observed in association with an interquartile range increase in urinary concentrations of mono-n-butyl phthalate (odds ratio [OR], 1.12 [95% CI, 0.98-1.27]), mono-isobutyl phthalate (OR, 1.16 [95% CI, 1.00-1.34]), mono(2-ethyl-5-carboxypentyl) phthalate (OR, 1.16 [95% CI, 1.00-1.34]), and mono(3-carboxypropyl) phthalate (OR, 1.14 [95% CI, 1.01-1.29]). Among approximately 90 preterm births per 1000 live births in this study population, hypothetical interventions to reduce the mixture of phthalate metabolite levels by 10%, 30%, and 50% were estimated to prevent 1.8 (95% CI, 0.5-3.1), 5.9 (95% CI, 1.7-9.9), and 11.1 (95% CI, 3.6-18.3) preterm births, respectively. Conclusions and Relevance Results from this large US study population suggest that phthalate exposure during pregnancy may be a preventable risk factor for preterm delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barrett M. Welch
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, Durham, North Carolina
| | | | - Jessie P. Buckley
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | | | - Kate E. Christenbury
- Social & Scientific Systems, Inc, a DLH Holdings Company, Raleigh, North Carolina
| | | | - Katie M. O'Brien
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Emma M. Rosen
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill
| | | | - Ami R. Zota
- Milken School of Public Health, George Washington University, Washington, DC
| | - Kelly K. Ferguson
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, Durham, North Carolina
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18
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Liao J, Fang D, Liu Y, Xiong S, Wang X, Tian Y, Zhang H, An S, He C, Chen W, Liu X, Wu N, Tian K, Wang L, Zhang Y, Yuan H, Zhang L, Li Q, Shen X, Zhou Y. Exposure characteristics of phthalate metabolites among the Zunyi cohort of pregnant women in Southwest China. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:58869-58880. [PMID: 35377124 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-19990-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Reported evidence has increasingly indicated that exposure to phthalates can cause adverse pregnancy outcomes. However, phthalate exposure levels among pregnant women remains unclear. We aimed to evaluate the concentrations and predictors of phthalate metabolites in urine samples of the ongoing Zunyi cohort of pregnant women from Southwest China. The urine samples were collected from 1003 pregnant women during their third trimester of pregnancy. The concentrations of nine phthalate metabolites in urine samples were then determined. Data on socio-demographic profiles of the participants, lifestyle during pregnancy, parity, and sampling season were collected using questionnaires. The detectable rate of phthalate metabolites ranged from 76 to 100%. On average, mono-butyl phthalate exhibited the highest median concentration (62.45 μg/L), while mono-benzyl phthalate exhibited the lowest median concentration (0.04 μg/L). Urine concentrations of phthalate metabolites were significantly higher in older, multiparous, higher body mass index, higher income, and passive smoking during pregnancy participants. The levels of low-molecular-weight phthalate metabolites were highest during the summer. The findings indicate the health of pregnant women and fetuses in Zunyi may be generally harmed by the high exposure of phthalate metabolites, especially by mono-n-butyl phthalate. In addition, phthalate metabolites present a demographic and seasonal differential distribution among the study population. Targeted measures to reduce phthalate exposure for high-risk pregnant women and during high-exposure seasons may have potential benefits for maternal and fetal health protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Liao
- Soochow University Medical College, Suzhou, 215000, Jiangsu, China
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563000, Guizhou, China
| | - Derong Fang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563000, Guizhou, China
| | - Yijun Liu
- School of Public Health, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563000, Guizhou, China
| | - Shimin Xiong
- School of Public Health, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563000, Guizhou, China
| | - Xia Wang
- School of Public Health, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563000, Guizhou, China
| | - Yingkuan Tian
- School of Public Health, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563000, Guizhou, China
| | - Haonan Zhang
- School of Public Health, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563000, Guizhou, China
| | - Songlin An
- School of Public Health, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563000, Guizhou, China
| | - Caidie He
- School of Public Health, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563000, Guizhou, China
| | - Wei Chen
- School of Public Health, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563000, Guizhou, China
| | - Xiang Liu
- School of Public Health, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563000, Guizhou, China
| | - Nian Wu
- School of Public Health, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563000, Guizhou, China
| | - Kunming Tian
- School of Public Health, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563000, Guizhou, China
| | - Linglu Wang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563000, Guizhou, China
| | - Ya Zhang
- Xishui County People's Hospital, Zunyi, 564600, Guizhou, China
| | - Hongyu Yuan
- Xishui County People's Hospital, Zunyi, 564600, Guizhou, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Meitan County People's Hospital, Zunyi, 564100, Guizhou, China
| | - Quan Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563000, Guizhou, China
| | - Xubo Shen
- School of Public Health, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563000, Guizhou, China
| | - Yuanzhong Zhou
- School of Public Health, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563000, Guizhou, China.
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19
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Schildroth S, Wise LA, Wesselink AK, Bethea TN, Fruh V, Taylor KW, Calafat AM, Baird DD, Claus Henn B. Correlates of non-persistent endocrine disrupting chemical mixtures among reproductive-aged Black women in Detroit, Michigan. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 299:134447. [PMID: 35358566 PMCID: PMC9215202 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.134447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Revised: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Some studies indicate that Black women have higher exposure to multiple non-persistent endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) than white women, but little is known about correlates of exposure to EDC mixtures. Using baseline data from a prospective cohort study of reproductive-aged Black women (N = 751), we characterized profiles of EDC mixtures and identified correlates of exposure. At baseline, we quantified biomarkers of 16 phthalates, 7 phenols, 4 parabens, and triclocarban in urine and collected covariate data through self-administered questionnaires and interviews. We used principal component (PC) analysis and k-means clustering to describe EDC mixture profiles. Associations between correlates and PCs were estimated as the mean difference (β) in PC scores, while associations between correlates and cluster membership were estimated as the odds ratio (OR) of cluster membership. Personal care product use was consistently associated with profiles of higher biomarker concentrations of non-persistent EDCs. Use of nail polish, menstrual and vaginal products (e.g., vaginal powder, vaginal deodorant), and sunscreen was associated with a mixture of phthalate and some phenol biomarkers using both methods. Current vaginal ring use, a form of hormonal contraception placed inside the vagina, was strongly associated with higher concentrations of high molecular weight phthalate biomarkers (k-means clustering: OR = 2.42, 95% CI = 1.28, 4.59; PCA: β = -0.32, 95% CI = -0.71, 0.07). Several dietary, reproductive, and demographic correlates were also associated with mixtures of EDC biomarkers. These findings suggest that personal care product use, diet, and contraceptive use may be sources of exposure to multiple non-persistent EDCs among reproductive-aged Black women. Targeted interventions to reduce exposure to multiple EDCs among Black women are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha Schildroth
- Department of Environmental Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Lauren A Wise
- Department of Epidemiology, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Amelia K Wesselink
- Department of Epidemiology, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Traci N Bethea
- Office of Minority Health & Health Disparities Research, Georgetown Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Washington DC, USA
| | - Victoria Fruh
- Department of Environmental Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kyla W Taylor
- National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Antonia M Calafat
- Division of Laboratory Sciences, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Donna D Baird
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Birgit Claus Henn
- Department of Environmental Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
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20
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Rodríguez-Báez AS, Medellín-Garibay SE, Rodríguez-Aguilar M, Sagahón-Azúa J, Milán-Segoviaa RDC, Flores-Ramírez R. Environmental endocrine disruptor concentrations in urine samples from Mexican Indigenous women. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:38645-38656. [PMID: 35080728 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-18197-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The Indigenous communities in Mexico show significant degrees of vulnerability to pollution due to the lack of knowledge of health risks, traditions, low levels of support, and restricted access to healthcare. As a result, exposure to environmental endocrine disruptors increases in these populations through plastic components or indoor air pollution. Therefore, the aim of the study was to evaluate the exposure to phthalate metabolites, 1-hydroxypyrene, and bisphenol A through biomonitoring data from indigenous Mexican women. A total of 45 women from the Tocoy community in San Luis Potosí, Mexico, were included. Urine samples were analyzed for Bisphenol A and 4 phthalate metabolites by ultra-performance liquid chromatography couples to tandem mass spectrometry; additionally, the 1-hydroxypyrene concentrations were evaluated by high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to a fluorescence detector. Among the main pollution sources were the use of plastic containers and burning garbage (98-100%). Indigenous women presented an exposure of 100% to mono-2-ethyl phthalate, mono-n-butyl phthalate, and 1-hydroxypyrene, with a median (25th-75th percentiles) of 17,478 (11,362-37,355), 113.8 (61.7-203.5), and 1.2 (0.9-1.7) µg/g creatinine, respectively. The major findings show urinary mono-2-ethyl phthalate concentrations higher than those measured from other studies. Therefore, these results show an impressive exposure to di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate in Indigenous women. The current study reflects the absence of regulatory policies in marginalized populations. It highlights the need to design strategies that mitigate exposure and the importance of biological monitoring to evaluate and prevent health risk associated with exposure to environmental endocrine disruptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Socorro Rodríguez-Báez
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Chemical Sciences, Autonomous University of San Luis Potosi, #6 Ave. Manuel Nava, C.P. 78210, San Luis Potosi, Mexico
| | - Susanna Edith Medellín-Garibay
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Chemical Sciences, Autonomous University of San Luis Potosi, #6 Ave. Manuel Nava, C.P. 78210, San Luis Potosi, Mexico.
| | - Maribel Rodríguez-Aguilar
- Department of Basic Sciences, Universidad de Quintana Roo, MéxicoCenter for Applied Research in Environment and Health, CIACYT, Autonomous University of San Luis Potosi, San Luis Potosi, Quintana Roo, Mexico
| | - Julia Sagahón-Azúa
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Chemical Sciences, Autonomous University of San Luis Potosi, #6 Ave. Manuel Nava, C.P. 78210, San Luis Potosi, Mexico
| | - Rosa Del Carmen Milán-Segoviaa
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Chemical Sciences, Autonomous University of San Luis Potosi, #6 Ave. Manuel Nava, C.P. 78210, San Luis Potosi, Mexico
| | - Rogelio Flores-Ramírez
- Coordination for Innovation and Application of Science and Technology (CIACYT), Autonomous University of San Luis Potosi, #550 Ave. Sierra Leona, C.P. 78210, San Luis Potosi, Mexico.
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21
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Wu W, Ma ZL, Yang F, Wu P, Zhang DX, Zeng R, Sun DL, Cao L. Urinary phthalate metabolites in pregnant women: occurrences, related factors, and association with maternal hormones. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:33372-33382. [PMID: 35029832 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-18590-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we aimed to evaluate phthalate metabolite levels in pregnant women, to explore the factors influencing exposure, and to assess phthalate metabolite levels in relation to thyroid hormone synthesis. We recruited 463 pregnant women and collected urine, blood, and questionnaire data at participant's first prenatal examination. Ten phthalate metabolites were analyzed: mono-isobutyl phthalate (MiBP); mono-methyl phthalate (MMP); mono-ethyl phthalate (MEP); mono-n-butyl phthalate (MnBP); mono-n-octyl phthalate (MOP); mono-benzyl phthalate (MBzP); and the metabolite of di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP), which were mono (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate, mono-(2-ethyl-5-oxohexyl) phthalate, and mono-(2-ethyl-5-carboxypentyl) phthalate. Multivariable generalized estimating equation models and linear mixed models were used to predict urinary biomarker concentrations and to assess the associations between phthalate exposure and thyroid hormones. Positive associations were found between phthalate metabolites and lower education (MEP and MOP), living near the road (MEP, MnBP, and ∑DEHP), and consuming more puffed food (MEP and MBzP). In addition, MnBP (percent change [%△] = 4.25; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.32, 8.18) and ∑DEHP (%△ = 5.12; 95% CI = 1.25, 8.99) were positively associated with thyroid-stimulating hormones, although MEP and MnBP were inversely associated with free thyroxine and total triiodothyronine. Our findings suggest that certain habits and behaviors were predictive of the positive presence of phthalate metabolites and that certain phthalate esters are associated with altered thyroid hormone levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wu
- School of Laboratory Medicine, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, 430065, China.
| | - Zhi-Li Ma
- School of Laboratory Medicine, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, 430065, China
| | - Fang Yang
- School of Laboratory Medicine, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, 430065, China
| | - Ping Wu
- School of Laboratory Medicine, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, 430065, China
| | - De-Xin Zhang
- School of Laboratory Medicine, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, 430065, China
| | - Rong Zeng
- School of Laboratory Medicine, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, 430065, China
| | - Dan-Ling Sun
- School of Laboratory Medicine, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, 430065, China
| | - Liu Cao
- School of Laboratory Medicine, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, 430065, China.
- Ezhou Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Ezhou, 436000, China.
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Pacyga DC, Haggerty DK, Nicol M, Henning M, Calafat AM, Braun JM, Schantz SL, Strakovsky RS. Identification of profiles and determinants of maternal pregnancy urinary biomarkers of phthalates and replacements in the Illinois Kids Development Study. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2022; 162:107150. [PMID: 35247685 PMCID: PMC8967784 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2022.107150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Revised: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Pregnant women are exposed to multiple phthalates and their replacements, which are endocrine disrupting chemicals associated with adverse maternal and child health outcomes. Identifying maternal characteristics associated with phthalate/replacement exposure during pregnancy is important. METHODS We evaluated 13 maternal sociodemographic and lifestyle factors, enrollment year, and conception season as determinants of exposure biomarkers of phthalates and their replacements in 482 pregnant women from the Illinois Kids Development Study (I-KIDS, enrolled 2013-2018). We quantified 19 phthalate/replacement metabolites in pools of five first-morning urines collected across pregnancy. K-means clustering identified women with distinct patterns of biomarker concentrations and principal component analysis (PCA) identified principal component (PC) profiles of biomarkers that exist together. We used multivariable regression models to evaluate associations of predictors with identified k-means clusters and PCs. RESULTS K-means clustering identified two clusters of women: 1) low phthalate/di(2-ethylhexyl) terephthalate (∑DEHTP) and 2) high phthalate/∑DEHTP biomarker concentrations. PCA identified four PCs with loadings heaviest for biomarkers of plasticizer phthalates [di-isononyl, di-isodecyl, di-n-octyl phthalates] (PC1), of other phthalates [dibenzyl, di-n-butyl, di-iso-butyl phthalates] (PC2), of phthalate replacements [∑DEHTP, di(isononyl) cyclohexane-1,2-dicarboxylate (∑DiNCH)] (PC3), and of monoethyl phthalate [MEP] (PC4). Overall, age, marital status, income, parity, pre-pregnancy BMI, caffeine intake, enrollment year, and conception season were independently associated with k-means cluster membership and at least one PC. Additionally, race/ethnicity, education, employment, pregnancy intention, smoking status, alcohol intake, and diet were associated with at least one PC. For instance, women who conceived in the spring, summer, and/or fall months had lower odds of high phthalate/∑DEHTP cluster membership and had lower plasticizer phthalate, phthalate replacement, and MEP PC scores. CONCLUSIONS Conception season, enrollment year, and several sociodemographic/lifestyle factors were predictive of phthalate/replacement biomarker profiles. Future studies should corroborate these findings, with a special focus on replacements to which pregnant women are becoming increasingly exposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana C Pacyga
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA; Institute for Integrative Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Diana K Haggerty
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Megan Nicol
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Melissa Henning
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Antonia M Calafat
- Division of Laboratory Sciences, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30341, USA
| | - Joseph M Braun
- Department of Epidemiology, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA
| | - Susan L Schantz
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, IL 61801, USA; The Beckman Institute, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, IL 61801, USA
| | - Rita S Strakovsky
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA; Institute for Integrative Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA.
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Beckingham BA, Wischusen K, Walker JP. Phthalate exposure among U.S. college-aged women: Biomonitoring in an undergraduate student cohort (2016-2017) and trends from the National Health and Examination Survey (NHANES, 2005-2016). PLoS One 2022; 17:e0263578. [PMID: 35148339 PMCID: PMC8836309 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0263578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Importance Phthalates are ubiquitous and many are known or suspected human reproductive and endocrine-disrupting toxicants. A data gap exists in reporting on biomonitoring of phthalate biomarkers in college-aged adults. Objective To analyze phthalate exposure in a cross-sectional sample of female college students using urinary phthalate metabolite concentrations and compare to reference populations including college-aged women sampled in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). Methods Nine monoester phthalate metabolites were analyzed in spot urine collected from 215 female undergraduates (age 18–22, 2016–2017) at a public university in Charleston, SC USA and a subset of participants completed a questionnaire detailing demographics and behaviors including personal care and cosmetic product use (e.g. in the past 6 or 24 hrs). Urine specific gravity was used to assess effect of urine dilution. Phthalate metabolite concentrations were compared to reference populations and the temporal trends of the same age-group in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) were analyzed. Results Total urinary phthalate metabolite concentrations in individuals ranged three orders of magnitude (geometric mean 56.6 ng/mL, IQR 26.6–114 ng/mL). A third of urine samples had relatively high urine specific gravity levels indicating potential dehydration status. All geometric mean concentrations were similar to the U.S. female population in the most recent NHANES cycle (2015–2016) except for MEP and mono-isobutyl phthalate (MiBP). Relatively low MEP and MiBP may be explained by a time trend of declining MEP in the general U.S. population, the sociocultural character of this cohort, and the time of day of spot sampling in evening. NHANES data indicate a significant effect of sample timing on phthalate metabolite concentrations and decline in most, but not all, phthalate metabolites sampled in women aged 18–22 years over the decade (2005–2016). Significance This study reports phthalate metabolites in college-aged women, an understudied group, emphasizes the benefit of survey information for interpreting biomonitoring data, and is a useful case study for communicating phthalate chemical exposure risks to college students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara A. Beckingham
- Department of Geology & Environmental Geosciences, College of Charleston, Charleston, South Carolina, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Kerry Wischusen
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Charleston, Charleston, South Carolina, United States of America
| | - Joanna P. Walker
- Department of Health and Human Performance, College of Charleston, Charleston, South Carolina, United States of America
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24
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Association between recurrent breast cancer and phthalate exposure modified by hormone receptors and body mass index. Sci Rep 2022; 12:2858. [PMID: 35190574 PMCID: PMC8861041 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-06709-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The association between phthalate exposure and breast cancer remains controversial. We performed a prospective patient cohort design to explore the interaction between creatinine-corrected urinary phthalate metabolites and hormone receptors as well as body mass index (BMI) on recurrent breast cancer. In this follow-up study, 636 female breast cancer patients and 45 new recurrent cases diagnosed for a total of 1576.68 person-years of follow-up were recruited. Mono-(2-ethyl-5-oxohexyl) phthalate (MEOHP) was negatively associated with breast cancer recurrence, with adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) 3rd vs. 1st quartile of 0.15 (95% CI 0.04–0.51). The MEOHP presented as a non-monotonic dose–response (NMDR) curve, being U-shaped. In the stratification of hormone receptors, MEOHP still exhibited a U-shaped dose–response curve. The third quartile of MEOHP showed significant lowest recurrent risk in the status of ER-positive (aHR 0.18, 95% CI 0.05–0.66), PR-negative (aHR 0.14, 95% CI 0.03–0.63), and HER2-negative (aHR 0.24, 95% CI 0.08–0.76). Whether in BMI < 25 or in BMI ≥ 25, the third quartile of MEOHP was negatively associated with recurrent breast cancer, and there was a negative interaction on an additive scale between MEOHP and BMI (pinteraction = 0.042). The association between MEOHP and recurrent breast cancer was modified by hormone receptors and BMI.
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25
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Runkel AA, Mazej D, Snoj Tratnik J, Tkalec Ž, Kosjek T, Horvat M. Exposure of men and lactating women to environmental phenols, phthalates, and DINCH. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 286:131858. [PMID: 34399256 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.131858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Revised: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Phthalates and 1,2-Cyclohexane dicarboxylic acid diisononyl ester (DINCH), bisphenols (BPs), parabens (PBs), and triclosan (TCS) are high-production-volume chemicals of pseudo-persistence that are concerning for the environment and human health. This study aims to assess the exposure to 10 phthalates, DINCH, and environmental phenols (3 BPs, 7 PBs, and TCS) of Slovenian men (n = 548) and lactating primiparous women (n = 536). We observed urinary concentrations comparable to studies from other countries and significant differences among the sub-populations. In our study, men had significantly higher levels of phthalates, DINCH, and BPs, whereas the concentrations of PBs in urine were significantly higher in women. The most significant determinant of exposure was the area of residence and the year of sampling (2008-2014) that mirrors trends in the market. Participants from urban or industrialized sampling locations had higher levels of almost all monitored analytes compared to rural locations. In an attempt to assess the risk of the population, hazard quotient (HQ) values were calculated for individual compounds and the chemical mixture. Individual analytes do not seem to pose a risk to the studied population at current exposure levels, whereas the HQ value of the chemical mixture is near the threshold of 1 which would indicate a higher risk. We conclude that greater emphasis on the risk resulting from cumulative exposure to chemical mixtures and additional studies are needed to estimate the exposure of susceptible populations, such as children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agneta A Runkel
- Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova cesta 39, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia; Jožef Stefan International Postgraduate School, Jamova cesta 39, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Darja Mazej
- Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova cesta 39, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | | | - Žiga Tkalec
- Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova cesta 39, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia; Jožef Stefan International Postgraduate School, Jamova cesta 39, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Tina Kosjek
- Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova cesta 39, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Milena Horvat
- Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova cesta 39, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia; Jožef Stefan International Postgraduate School, Jamova cesta 39, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
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26
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Sripada K, Wierzbicka A, Abass K, Grimalt JO, Erbe A, Röllin HB, Weihe P, Díaz GJ, Singh RR, Visnes T, Rautio A, Odland JØ, Wagner M. A Children's Health Perspective on Nano- and Microplastics. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2022; 130:15001. [PMID: 35080434 PMCID: PMC8791070 DOI: 10.1289/ehp9086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Revised: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pregnancy, infancy, and childhood are sensitive windows for environmental exposures. Yet the health effects of exposure to nano- and microplastics (NMPs) remain largely uninvestigated or unknown. Although plastic chemicals are a well-established research topic, the impacts of plastic particles are unexplored, especially with regard to early life exposures. OBJECTIVES This commentary aims to summarize the knowns and unknowns around child- and pregnancy-relevant exposures to NMPs via inhalation, placental transfer, ingestion and breastmilk, and dermal absorption. METHODS A comprehensive literature search to map the state of the science on NMPs found 37 primary research articles on the health relevance of NMPs during early life and revealed major knowledge gaps in the field. We discuss opportunities and challenges for quantifying child-specific exposures (e.g., NMPs in breastmilk or infant formula) and health effects, in light of global inequalities in baby bottle use, consumption of packaged foods, air pollution, hazardous plastic disposal, and regulatory safeguards. We also summarize research needs for linking child health and NMP exposures and address the unknowns in the context of public health action. DISCUSSION Few studies have addressed child-specific sources of exposure, and exposure estimates currently rely on generic assumptions rather than empirical measurements. Furthermore, toxicological research on NMPs has not specifically focused on child health, yet children's immature defense mechanisms make them particularly vulnerable. Apart from few studies investigating the placental transfer of NMPs, the physicochemical properties (e.g., polymer, size, shape, charge) driving the absorption, biodistribution, and elimination in early life have yet to be benchmarked. Accordingly, the evidence base regarding the potential health impacts of NMPs in early life remains sparse. Based on the evidence to date, we provide recommendations to fill research gaps, stimulate policymakers and industry to address the safety of NMPs, and point to opportunities for families to reduce early life exposures to plastic. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP9086.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kam Sripada
- Centre for Digital Life Norway, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
- Centre for Global Health Inequalities Research (CHAIN), NTNU, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Aneta Wierzbicka
- Ergonomics and Aerosol Technology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Centre for Healthy Indoor Environments, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Khaled Abass
- Arctic Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Department of Pesticides, Menoufia University, Menoufia, Egypt
| | - Joan O. Grimalt
- Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Andreas Erbe
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, NTNU, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Halina B. Röllin
- School of Health Systems and Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
- Environment and Health Research Unit, Medical Research Council, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Pál Weihe
- Department of Occupational Medicine and Public Health, Faroese Hospital System, Faroe Islands
| | - Gabriela Jiménez Díaz
- Department of Public Health and Nursing, Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, NTNU, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Randolph Reyes Singh
- Laboratoire Biogéochimie des Contaminants Organiques, Institut français de recherche pour l’exploitation de la mer, Nantes, France
| | - Torkild Visnes
- Department of Biotechnology and Nanomedicine, SINTEF Industry, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Arja Rautio
- Arctic Health, Thule Institute, University of Oulu and University of the Arctic, Oulu, Finland
| | - Jon Øyvind Odland
- School of Health Systems and Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
- Department of Public Health and Nursing, Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, NTNU, Trondheim, Norway
- Department of General Hygiene, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
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27
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Sun G, Li Y. Molecular mechanisms of developmental toxicity induced by BBP in zebrafish embryos. Toxicology 2021; 466:153078. [PMID: 34933018 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2021.153078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Revised: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Butylbenzyl phthalate (BBP) has been shown to negatively affect the development of zebrafish embryos, however, its underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Therefore, our study aims to reveal the molecular mechanisms of developmental toxicity on zebrafish embryos. Zebrafish embryos were exposed to BBP (0, 0.6, and 1.2 mg/L) from 4 to 72 h post-fertilization (hpf). The adverse effects on zebrafish embryos were evaluated and the transcriptional profiles of zebrafish embryos were analyzed at 72hpf. Exposure to BBP decreased hatching and survival rates and induced obvious morphology abnormalities in zebrafish embryos. The activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) significantly decrease and the malondialdehyde (MDA) content significantly increased with 1.2 mg/L BBP exposure. Global transcriptome profiling analysis demonstrated that 578 and 1257 genes were differentially expressed in zebrafish embryos in the 0.6 and 1.2 mg/L groups, respectively. Gene Ontology (GO) term enrichment analysis demonstrated that DEGs are related to many aspects of cell composition, biological processes, and molecular functions. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analysis demonstrated that 13 and 22 pathways were significantly enriched in the 0.6 and 1.2 mg/L groups, respectively. DEGs were primarily concentrated in the metabolism of the 0.6 mg/L group and in the organismal systems and particularly affected vision and digestion in the 1.2 mg/L group. Our results contribute to a better understanding of the underlying mechanisms of developmental toxicity induced by phthalates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guijin Sun
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, China.
| | - Yingqiu Li
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, China
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28
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Moradnia M, Movahedian Attar H, Heidari Z, Mohammadi F, Kelishadi R. Monitoring of urinary arsenic (As) and lead (Pb) among a sample of pregnant Iranian women. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCE & ENGINEERING 2021; 19:1901-1909. [PMID: 34900315 PMCID: PMC8617224 DOI: 10.1007/s40201-021-00743-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Heavy metals, as significant toxic environmental contaminants, can cause serious adverse health outcomes on the human body even in trace concentrations. There is limited evidence on heavy metal concentrations existing in the body fluids of pregnant women. This study aims to evaluate the urinary levels of arsenic (As) and lead (Pb), as two main toxic heavy metals, among pregnant women and their lifestyle determinants. METHODS The study was performed in 2019-2020 in Isfahan, Iran. A number of 140 urine samples of pregnant women who were in their first pregnancy trimester were examined. Inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) was applied to analyze the urinary concentrations of As and Pb. Socio-demographic data including age, pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI), education status, and family income, as well as the use of cleaning products (cosmetic and household cleaning products), and lifestyle habits (food intake, smoking, and physical activity) were collected using a validated questionnaire. RESULTS The mean concentration of As and Pb were 8.14 ± 10.8 and 9.6 ± 7.1 μg/g creatinine, respectively. The mean urinary concentration of Pb indicated significant differences in the levels of cosmetic usage, second-hand smoking exposure, and the use of Copper, Aluminum, Teflon, Steel, and Enameled utensils for cooking (p-value < 0.05). Furthermore, the mean of urinary Pb concentrations at high levels of physical activity and scratched utensils using was significantly different from the other categories (p-value = 0.02). No significant differences were found between As and Pb concentration with other socio-demographic factors. CONCLUSION The lifestyle determinants and cosmetic products use are important predictors of urinary heavy metals in pregnant women, rather than sociodemographic characteristics. Additional research is necessary to determine long-term adverse birth outcomes of exposure to these heavy metals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Moradnia
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Hossein Movahedian Attar
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
- Environment Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-Communicable Disease, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Zahra Heidari
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Farzaneh Mohammadi
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
- Environment Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-Communicable Disease, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Roya Kelishadi
- Department of Pediatrics, Child Growth and Development Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-Communicable Disease, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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29
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Wang L, Duan W, Zhao Y, Sun G, Lin Y, Gao Y. The exposure levels of phthalates in pregnant women and impact factors of fetal malformation. Hum Exp Toxicol 2021; 40:S622-S631. [PMID: 34766523 DOI: 10.1177/09603271211049551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
METHODS Urine samples were collected from 157 women with fetal malformations (case group) and 147 women with normal fetuses (control group). High-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS) was used to detect the content of eight metabolites of phthalate compounds in urine, including monoethyl phthalate (MEP), mononbutyl phthalate (MBP), monoisobutyl phthalate (MiBP), mono-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (MEHP), mono-(2-ethyl-5-hydroxyhexyl) phthalate (MEHHP), mono-(2-ethyl-5-carboxypentyl) phthalate (MECPP), mono-(2-ethyl-5-oxohexyl) phthalate (MEOHP), and mono-benzyl phthalate (MBzP). Demographic data were collected from questionnaires administered in specimen collection. RESULTS The exposure level of MEOHP and MEHP in the case group was higher than the others. And there were significant differences between structural malformations and chromosomal malformations in the levels of MEHHP and MEOHP. Pregnant women with low income, high body mass index (BMI), frequent plastic contact, and low nutrients intake were at risk of suffering from fetal malformation. CONCLUSION This study provides evidence for the correlation between the concentration of phthalates and fetal malformation. In addition, decreasing plastic exposure and supplementing nutrients may reduce the incidence of fetal malformations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Wang
- Department of Obstetrics, 477167Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Hubei Province, Wuhan, China
| | - Wei Duan
- Department of Obstetrics, 477167Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Hubei Province, Wuhan, China
| | - Yun Zhao
- Department of Obstetrics, 477167Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Hubei Province, Wuhan, China
| | - Guoqiang Sun
- Department of Obstetrics, 477167Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Hubei Province, Wuhan, China
| | - Ying Lin
- Nursing Department, 477167Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Hubei Province, Wuhan, China
| | - Ying Gao
- Department of Obstetrics, 477167Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Hubei Province, Wuhan, China
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Moradnia M, Attar HM, Heidari Z, Mohammadi F, Kelishadi R. Prenatal exposure to chromium (Cr) and nickel (Ni) in a sample of Iranian pregnant women: urinary levels and associated socio-demographic and lifestyle factors. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:63412-63421. [PMID: 34231141 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-15201-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Heavy metals have been well documented to pose detrimental health effects. The current study aimed to measure the concentration of chromium (Cr) and nickel (Ni) in urinary samples of Iranian pregnant females and determine their potential correlations with different lifestyle variables. The study was conducted in 2019-2020 in Isfahan, Iran, and the urine samples were collected from 140 pregnant women. The concentrations of Cr and Ni in the urinary samples were measured by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES). Data on socio-demographic characteristics, use of cleaning products, and lifestyle profiles was collected by validated questionnaires. Cr and Ni were detected in 100% of urinary samples with the mean concentration of 4.1±3.4 and 7.5±4.8 μg/g creatinine, respectively. Significant associations were found between the mean concentration of Cr and Ni with using cooking utensils made of copper, aluminum, Teflon, steel, and enameled, as well as with cosmetic use, and second-hand smoking exposure during pregnancy. The results also showed that the mean urinary Ni and Cr concentrations were significantly different among individuals who consumed seafood and canned food (p-value <0.05). Furthermore, the mean of urinary Cr and Ni concentrations at high levels of physical activity and scratched utensils used was significantly different from the other categories (p-value <0.05). According to our findings, the lifestyle determinants and cosmetic products had superiority to socio-demographic characteristics in predicting urinary heavy metals in Iranian pregnant women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Moradnia
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Hossein Movahedian Attar
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
- Environment Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-Communicable Disease, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
| | - Zahra Heidari
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Farzaneh Mohammadi
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
- Environment Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-Communicable Disease, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Roya Kelishadi
- Department of Pediatrics, Child Growth and Development Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-Communicable Disease, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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Wu W, Cao L, Zheng TT, Feng SY, Ma GW, He YY, Wu P. Prenatal phthalate exposure reduction through an integrated intervention strategy. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:57183-57191. [PMID: 34085200 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-14613-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Pregnancy represents a sensitive susceptibility window to phthalate esters (PAEs). In this study, we develop an intervention strategy for reducing the exposure of pregnant women to phthalates. Thirty-five pregnant women, who initially underwent maternity examination, were recruited from an ongoing longitudinal prospective prenatal cohort study. The intervention strategy integrates diet, lifestyle, and environmental factors. Participants were encouraged to modify their behaviors and habits according to the intervention strategy at three different periods. Urine samples were collected from the participants after antenatal examination every month, for 8 months, to measure ten PAE metabolites. Mono-(2-ethyl-5-hydroxyhexyl) phthalate (MEHHP), mono-n-butyl phthalate (MnBP), and mono-(2-ethyl-5-oxohexyl) phthalate (MEOHP) declined significantly after the 1st intervention, while mono-isobutyl phthalate (MiBP) and mono-methyl phthalate (MMP) noticeably decreased after the 2nd intervention. The sum of the molar concentrations of MEHP, MEHHP, MEOHP, and MECPP reduced by 20 to 40% during subsequent intervention. In addition, the sum of the molar concentrations of MEP, MnBP, MMP, and MiBP as well as the sum of the molar concentrations of the ten metabolites also reduced. Our findings suggest that intervention through written recommendations can effectively reduce the burden of phthalates during pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wu
- School of Laboratory Medicine, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, 16 Huangjia Lake West Road, Wuhan, 430065, China.
| | - Liu Cao
- Ezhou Maternal And Child Health Hospital, Ezhou, 436000, China
| | - Ting-Ting Zheng
- School of Laboratory Medicine, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, 16 Huangjia Lake West Road, Wuhan, 430065, China
| | - Shu-Yu Feng
- School of Laboratory Medicine, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, 16 Huangjia Lake West Road, Wuhan, 430065, China
| | - Guan-Wei Ma
- School of Laboratory Medicine, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, 16 Huangjia Lake West Road, Wuhan, 430065, China
| | - Ying-Ying He
- School of Laboratory Medicine, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, 16 Huangjia Lake West Road, Wuhan, 430065, China
| | - Ping Wu
- School of Laboratory Medicine, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, 16 Huangjia Lake West Road, Wuhan, 430065, China.
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Preece AS, Shu H, Knutz M, Krais AM, Bekö G, Bornehag CG. Indoor phthalate exposure and contributions to total intake among pregnant women in the SELMA study. INDOOR AIR 2021; 31:1495-1508. [PMID: 33751666 DOI: 10.1111/ina.12813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Revised: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Phthalates are widely used in consumer products. Exposure to phthalates can lead to adverse health effects in humans, with early-life exposure being of particular concern. Phthalate exposure occurs mainly through ingestion, inhalation, and dermal absorption. However, our understanding of the relative importance of different exposure routes is incomplete. This study estimated the intake of five phthalates from the residential indoor environment for 455 Swedish pregnant women in the SELMA study using phthalate mass fraction in indoor dust and compares these to total daily phthalate intakes back-calculated from phthalate metabolite concentrations in the women's urine. Steady-state models were used to estimate indoor air phthalate concentrations from dust measurements. Intakes from residential dust and air made meaningful contributions to total daily intakes of more volatile di-ethyl phthalate (DEP), di-n-butyl phthalate (DnBP), and di-iso-butyl phthalate (DiBP) (11% of total DEP intake and 28% of total DnBP and DiBP intake combined). Dermal absorption from air was the dominant pathway contributing to the indoor environmental exposure. Residential exposure to less volatile phthalates made minor contributions to total intake. These results suggest that reducing the presence of low molecular weight phthalates in the residential indoor environment can meaningfully reduce phthalate intake among pregnant women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna-Sofia Preece
- Department of Health Sciences, Karlstad University, Karlstad, Sweden
| | - Huan Shu
- Department of Health Sciences, Karlstad University, Karlstad, Sweden
| | - Malin Knutz
- Department of Health Sciences, Karlstad University, Karlstad, Sweden
| | - Annette M Krais
- Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Gabriel Bekö
- Department of Civil Engineering, International Centre for Indoor Environment and Energy, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
- Faculty of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Kaunas University of Technology, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Carl-Gustaf Bornehag
- Department of Health Sciences, Karlstad University, Karlstad, Sweden
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, NY, USA
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Darvishmotevalli M, Moradnia M, Hosseini R, Bina B, Feizi A, Ebrahimpour K, Pourzamani H, Feizabadi GK, Kelishadi R. Association between prenatal phthalate exposure and anthropometric measures of newborns in a sample of Iranian population. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:50696-50706. [PMID: 33966142 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-14182-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Phthalates or phthalic acid esters (PAEs) are a group of compounds which they can be entered into the human body through the various pathways. The aim of this study was to examine associations between prenatal phthalates exposure with anthropometric measures of neonates. Urine samples were obtained from 121 Iranian pregnant women at their first trimester of pregnancy, and the levels of monobutyl phthalate (MBP), mono-benzyl phthalate (MBzP), mono-2-ethylhexyl phthalate (MEHP), and mono (2-ethyl-5hydroxyhexyl) phthalate (MEHHP) metabolites were determined by gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC/MS). The correlations between the maternal urinary concentrations of phthalate metabolites with anthropometric measures of neonates as well as with the socio-demographic factors of participants (maternal education, age, family income, pre-pregnancy body mass index), their lifestyle variables (smoking habit, food pattern, and physical activity), and use of cleaning products (cosmetic and household cleaning products) were investigated. MBzP, MBP, MEHP, and MEHHP were detected in 100% of the participants with the concentration ranged 120 to 860 μg/g creatinine. Significant correlations were observed between the urinary levels of maternal MBzP (adjusted β = 0.3 (0.001), p = 0.03) and MEHHP (adjusted β = 0.3 (0.001), p = 0.04) with the birth weight of female neonates. MBP (adjusted β = -0.3 (0.02), p = 0.04) and MBzP (adjusted β = -0.3 (0.001), p = 0.02) had negative associations with the head circumference in male and female newborns, respectively. Furthermore, plastic packaging for pickle and passive smoking during pregnancy were identified to be significantly associated with low birth weight (p value < 0.05). Iranian pregnant women had higher concentrations of urinary phthalates compared to the other countries. Based on the findings, the higher prenatal exposure to phthalates could adversely impact the health status of newborns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Darvishmotevalli
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
- Research Center for Health, Safety and Environment (RCHSE), Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | - Maryam Moradnia
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
- Environment Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-Communicable Disease, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
| | - Reza Hosseini
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Bijan Bina
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
- Environment Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-Communicable Disease, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Awat Feizi
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Karim Ebrahimpour
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
- Environment Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-Communicable Disease, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Hamidreza Pourzamani
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
- Environment Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-Communicable Disease, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Ghasem Kiani Feizabadi
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
- Environment Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-Communicable Disease, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Roya Kelishadi
- Department of Pediatrics, Child Growth and Development Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-Communicable Disease, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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Nidens N, Krönke A, Jurkutat A, Schlingmann M, Poulain T, Nüchter M, Kiviranta H, Körner A, Vogel M, Lindh C, Bornehag CG, Kiess W. Associations of prenatal exposure to phthalates and one phthalate substitute with anthropometric measures in early life: Results from the German LIFE Child cohort study. Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab 2021; 35:101532. [PMID: 34238682 DOI: 10.1016/j.beem.2021.101532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Exposure to phthalates is widespread and especially early life stages represent a critical window of exposure. In the present study, we investigated the effect of prenatal exposure to phthalates on birth outcomes and weight development in early life. In 130 mother-child pairs, we estimated the association of concentrations of 13 phthalates in spot-urine samples collected during pregnancy and birth outcomes and weight gain in the first two years of life using robust linear regression. High molecular weight phthalates were inversely associated with birth weight in girls but not in boys. Thus, prenatal exposure to phthalates may affect birth weight in a sex-specific manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie Nidens
- Leipzig Research Center for Civilization Diseases (LIFE), LIFE Child, Leipzig University, Faculty of Medicine, Philipp-Rosenthal-Straße 27, D-04103, Leipzig, Germany; Hospital for Children and Adolescents, Center for Pediatric Research, Leipzig University, Liebigstraße 20a, D-04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Anna Krönke
- Leipzig Research Center for Civilization Diseases (LIFE), LIFE Child, Leipzig University, Faculty of Medicine, Philipp-Rosenthal-Straße 27, D-04103, Leipzig, Germany; Hospital for Children and Adolescents, Center for Pediatric Research, Leipzig University, Liebigstraße 20a, D-04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Anne Jurkutat
- Leipzig Research Center for Civilization Diseases (LIFE), LIFE Child, Leipzig University, Faculty of Medicine, Philipp-Rosenthal-Straße 27, D-04103, Leipzig, Germany; Hospital for Children and Adolescents, Center for Pediatric Research, Leipzig University, Liebigstraße 20a, D-04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Maike Schlingmann
- Leipzig Research Center for Civilization Diseases (LIFE), LIFE Child, Leipzig University, Faculty of Medicine, Philipp-Rosenthal-Straße 27, D-04103, Leipzig, Germany; Hospital for Children and Adolescents, Center for Pediatric Research, Leipzig University, Liebigstraße 20a, D-04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Tanja Poulain
- Leipzig Research Center for Civilization Diseases (LIFE), LIFE Child, Leipzig University, Faculty of Medicine, Philipp-Rosenthal-Straße 27, D-04103, Leipzig, Germany; Hospital for Children and Adolescents, Center for Pediatric Research, Leipzig University, Liebigstraße 20a, D-04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Matthias Nüchter
- Leipzig Research Center for Civilization Diseases (LIFE), LIFE Child, Leipzig University, Faculty of Medicine, Philipp-Rosenthal-Straße 27, D-04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Hannu Kiviranta
- Department of Health Security, National Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), FI-70150 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Antje Körner
- Leipzig Research Center for Civilization Diseases (LIFE), LIFE Child, Leipzig University, Faculty of Medicine, Philipp-Rosenthal-Straße 27, D-04103, Leipzig, Germany; Hospital for Children and Adolescents, Center for Pediatric Research, Leipzig University, Liebigstraße 20a, D-04103, Leipzig, Germany; Integrated Research and Treatment Center Adiposity Diseases, Leipzig University, Philipp-Rosenthal-Straße 27, D-04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Mandy Vogel
- Leipzig Research Center for Civilization Diseases (LIFE), LIFE Child, Leipzig University, Faculty of Medicine, Philipp-Rosenthal-Straße 27, D-04103, Leipzig, Germany; Hospital for Children and Adolescents, Center for Pediatric Research, Leipzig University, Liebigstraße 20a, D-04103, Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Christian Lindh
- Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine Lund University, SE-223 81, Lund, Sweden
| | - Carl-Gustaf Bornehag
- Department of Health Sciences, Karlstad University, 651 88 SE, Karlstad, Sweden; Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1 Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Wieland Kiess
- Leipzig Research Center for Civilization Diseases (LIFE), LIFE Child, Leipzig University, Faculty of Medicine, Philipp-Rosenthal-Straße 27, D-04103, Leipzig, Germany; Hospital for Children and Adolescents, Center for Pediatric Research, Leipzig University, Liebigstraße 20a, D-04103, Leipzig, Germany
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Preston EV, Chan M, Nozhenko K, Bellavia A, Grenon MC, Cantonwine DE, McElrath TF, James-Todd T. Socioeconomic and racial/ethnic differences in use of endocrine-disrupting chemical-associated personal care product categories among pregnant women. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2021; 198:111212. [PMID: 33957140 PMCID: PMC8886956 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.111212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Revised: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Personal care products (PCPs) are important and modifiable sources of exposure to endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs). Research is limited on how EDC-associated PCP use differs by race/ethnicity and socioeconomic status (SES), particularly during the sensitive period of pregnancy. We investigated differences in PCP use by race/ethnicity and SES among 497 participants in the LIFECODES pregnancy cohort (Boston, Massachusetts). Participants self-reported race/ethnicity, SES indicators (maternal education; insurance status), and recent PCP use via questionnaire at ≤4 prenatal visits. We evaluated trimester-specific differences in use of individual PCP categories by race/ethnicity and SES indicators. We used Poisson regression to estimate trimester-specific mean total product categories used by race/ethnicity and SES indicators. In the first trimester, compared to non-Hispanic White women, Hispanic women reported higher use of hair gel (45% vs. 28%), perfume (75% vs. 39%), and "other" hair products (37% vs. 19%). Compared to women with a college degree, women without a college degree reported higher use of perfume (79% vs. 41%) and bar soap (74% vs. 56%); patterns were similar for insurance status. The estimated mean total product categories used was significantly lower in Asian compared to non-Hispanic White women in all trimesters (e.g., Trimester 1: 4.8 vs. 6.7 categories; p<0.001). Patterns of PCP use differed by race/ethnicity and SES, with implications for potentially modifiable differential EDC exposure and associated pregnancy outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma V Preston
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Marissa Chan
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Katerina Nozhenko
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Andrea Bellavia
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Marissa C Grenon
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - David E Cantonwine
- Department of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Thomas F McElrath
- Department of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Tamarra James-Todd
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, 02115, USA; Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
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Navaranjan G, Diamond ML, Harris SA, Jantunen LM, Bernstein S, Scott JA, Takaro TK, Dai R, Lefebvre DL, Azad MB, Becker AB, Mandhane PJ, Moraes TJ, Simons E, Turvey SE, Sears MR, Subbarao P, Brook JR. Early life exposure to phthalates and the development of childhood asthma among Canadian children. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2021; 197:110981. [PMID: 33691158 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.110981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2020] [Revised: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies have demonstrated an association between phthalate exposure and childhood asthma, although results have been inconsistent. No epidemiological studies have examined exposure during the first year of life. OBJECTIVE To investigate the association between phthalate exposures in the home environment during the first year of life, and subsequent development of childhood asthma and related symptoms. METHODS This study used a case-cohort design including 436 randomly selected children and all additional cases of asthma at 5 years (ntotal = 129) and recurrent wheeze between 2 and 5 years (ntotal = 332) within the CHILD Cohort Study, a general population Canadian birth cohort of 3455 children. Phthalate exposure was assessed using house dust samples collected during a standardized home visit when children were 3-4 months of age. All children were assessed by specialist clinicians for asthma and allergy at 1, 3 and 5 years. Logistic regression was used to assess the association between exposure to five phthalates and asthma diagnosis at 5 years, and recurrent wheeze between 2 and 5 years, with further stratification by wheeze subtypes (late onset, persistent, transient) based on the timing of onset and persistence of wheeze symptoms. RESULTS Di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) had the highest concentration in dust (mediansubcohort = 217 μg/g), followed by benzyl butyl phthalate (BzBP) (20 μg/g). A nearly four-fold increase in risk of developing asthma was associated with the highest concentration quartile of DEHP (OR = 3.92, 95% CI: 1.87-8.24) including a positive dose-response relationship. A two-fold increase in risk of recurrent wheeze was observed across all quartiles compared to the lowest quartile of DEHP concentrations. Compared to other wheeze subtypes, stronger associations for DEHP were observed with the late onset wheezing subtype, while stronger associations for di-iso-butyl phthalate (DiBP) and BzBP were observed with the transient subtype. DISCUSSION DEHP exposure at 3-4 months, at concentrations lower than other studies that reported an association, were associated with increased risks of asthma and recurrent wheeze among children at 5 years. These findings suggest the need to assess whether more stringent regulations are required to protect children's health, which can be informed by future work exploring the main sources of DEHP exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Liisa M Jantunen
- University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Environment and Climate Change Canada, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | | | | | - Ruixue Dai
- Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | | | | | | | - Theo J Moraes
- University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | | | | | - Padmaja Subbarao
- University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
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Racial/Ethnic Disparities in Pregnancy and Prenatal Exposure to Endocrine-Disrupting Chemicals Commonly Used in Personal Care Products. Curr Environ Health Rep 2021; 8:98-112. [PMID: 34046860 PMCID: PMC8208930 DOI: 10.1007/s40572-021-00317-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Purpose of Review Endocrine-disrupting chemical (EDC) exposure during pregnancy is linked to adverse maternal and child health outcomes that are racially/ethnically disparate. Personal care products (PCP) are one source of EDCs where differences in racial/ethnic patterns of use exist. We assessed the literature for racial/ethnic disparities in pregnancy and prenatal PCP chemical exposures. Recent Findings Only 3 studies explicitly examined racial/ethnic disparities in pregnancy and prenatal exposure to PCP-associated EDCs. Fifty-three articles from 12 cohorts presented EDC concentrations stratified by race/ethnicity or among homogenous US minority populations. Studies reported on phthalates and phenols. Higher phthalate metabolites and paraben concentrations were observed for pregnant non-Hispanic Black and Hispanic women. Higher concentrations of benzophenone-3 were observed in non-Hispanic White women; results were inconsistent for triclosan. Summary This review highlights need for future research examining pregnancy and prenatal PCP-associated EDCs disparities to understand and reduce racial/ethnic disparities in maternal and child health. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s40572-021-00317-5.
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Loftus CT, Bush NR, Day DB, Ni Y, Tylavsky FA, Karr CJ, Kannan K, Barrett ES, Szpiro AA, Sathyanarayana S, LeWinn KZ. Exposure to prenatal phthalate mixtures and neurodevelopment in the Conditions Affecting Neurocognitive Development and Learning in Early childhood (CANDLE) study. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2021; 150:106409. [PMID: 33556913 PMCID: PMC8162924 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2021.106409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2020] [Revised: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2021] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Findings from epidemiological studies of prenatal phthalate exposure and child cognitive development are inconsistent. Methods for evaluating mixtures of phthalates, such as weighted quantile sum (WQS) regression, have rarely been applied. We developed a new extension of the WQS method to improve specificity of full-sample analyses and applied it to estimate associations between prenatal phthalate mixtures and cognitive and language outcomes in a diverse pregnancy cohort. METHODS We measured 22 phthalate metabolites in third trimester urine from mother-child dyads who completed early childhood visits in the Conditions Affecting Neurodevelopment and Learning in Early childhood (CANDLE) study. Language and cognitive ability were assessed using the Bayley Scales of Infant Development (age 3) and the Stanford Binet-5 (age 4-6), respectively. We used multivariable WQS regression to identify phthalate mixtures that were negatively and positively associated with language score and full-scale IQ, in separate models, adjusted for maternal IQ, race, marital status, smoking, BMI, socioeconomic status (SES), child age, sex, and breastfeeding. We evaluated effect modification by sex and SES. If full sample 95% WQS confidence intervals (which are known to be anti-conservative) excluded the null, we calculated a p-value using a permutation test (ppermutation). The performance of this new approach to WQS regression was evaluated in simulated data. We compared the power and type I error rate of WQS regression conducted within datasets split into training and validation samples (WQSSplit) and in the full sample (WQSNosplit) to WQS regression with a permutation test (WQSpermutation). Individual metabolite associations were explored in secondary analyses. RESULTS The analytic sample (N = 1015) was 62.1% Black/31.5% White, and the majority of mothers had a high school education or less (56.7%) at enrollment. Associations between phthalate mixtures and primary outcomes (language score and full-scale IQ) in the full sample were null. Individual metabolites were not associated with IQ, and only one metabolite (mono-benzyl phthalate, MBzP) was associated with Bayley language score (β = -0.68, 95% CI: -1.37, 0.00). In analyses stratified by sex or SES, mixtures were positively and negatively associated with outcomes, but the precision of full-sample WQS regression results were not supported by permutation tests, with one exception. In the lowest SES category, a phthalate mixture dominated by mono-methyl phthalate (MMP) and mono-carboxy-isooctyl phthalate (MCOP) was associated with higher language scores (βlow SES = 2.41, full-sample 95%CI: 0.58, 4.24; ppermutation = 0.04). Performance testing in simulated data showed that WQSpermutation had improved power over WQSSplit (90% versus 56%) and a lower type I error rate than WQSNosplit (7% versus 47%). CONCLUSIONS In the largest study of these relationships to date, we observed predominantly null associations between mixtures of prenatal phthalates and both language and IQ. Our novel extension of WQS regression improved sensitivity to detect true associations by obviating the need to split the data into training and test sets and should be considered for future analyses of exposure mixtures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine T Loftus
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Washington, United States.
| | - Nicole R Bush
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, United States; Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, United States
| | - Drew B Day
- Center for Child Health, Behavior, and Development, Seattle Children's Research Institute, United States
| | - Yu Ni
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Washington, United States
| | | | - Catherine J Karr
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Washington, United States; Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Washington, United States; Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Washington, United States
| | - Kurunthachalam Kannan
- Department of Pediatrics and Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, United States
| | - Emily S Barrett
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences Institute (EOHSI), Rutgers University, United States
| | - Adam A Szpiro
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Washington, United States
| | - Sheela Sathyanarayana
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Washington, United States; Center for Child Health, Behavior, and Development, Seattle Children's Research Institute, United States; Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Washington, United States
| | - Kaja Z LeWinn
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, United States
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Dziobak MK, Wells RS, Pisarski EC, Wirth EF, Hart LB. Demographic Assessment of Mono(2-ethylhexyl) Phthalate (MEHP) and Monoethyl Phthalate (MEP) Concentrations in Common Bottlenose Dolphins ( Tursiops truncatus) From Sarasota Bay, FL, USA. GEOHEALTH 2021; 5:e2020GH000348. [PMID: 34036207 PMCID: PMC8137278 DOI: 10.1029/2020gh000348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Revised: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Common bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) have previously demonstrated exposure to phthalate esters. Phthalates and phthalate esters are commonly added to consumer goods to enhance desirable properties. As the amount of plastic marine debris increases, these chemicals can easily leach from these products into the surrounding environment. To evaluate demographic variability in exposure, eight phthalate metabolites were quantified in urine samples collected from free-ranging bottlenose dolphins sampled in Sarasota Bay, FL, USA (2010-2019; n = 51). Approximately 75% of individual dolphins had detectable concentrations of at least one phthalate metabolite. The most frequently detected metabolites were mono(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (MEHP; n = 28; GM = 4.57 ng/mL; 95% CI = 2.37-8.80; KM mean = 7.95; s.d. = 15.88) and monoethyl phthalate (MEP; GM = 4.51 ng/mL; 95% CI = 2.77-7.34; ROS mean = 2.24; s.d. = 5.58). Urinary concentrations of MEHP and MEP were not significantly different between sex (MEHP p = 0.09; MEP p = 0.22) or age class (i.e., calf/juvenile vs. adult; MEHP p = 0.67; MEP p = 0.13). Additionally, there were no significant group differences in the likelihood of MEHP or MEP detection for any demographic as determined by a Peto-Peto test. Frequency of detection was similar for both metabolites between males and females (MEHP p = 0.10; MEP p = 0.40) as well as between juveniles and adults (MEHP p = 0.50; MEP: p = 0.60). These findings suggest ubiquitous exposure risk for both sexes and age classes, warranting further investigation into potential sources and health implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. K. Dziobak
- Environmental and Sustainability Studies Graduate ProgramCollege of CharlestonCharlestonSCUSA
| | - R. S. Wells
- Chicago Zoological Society’s Sarasota Dolphin Research Programc/o Mote Marine LaboratorySarasotaFLUSA
| | - E. C. Pisarski
- CSS Inc., (Under Contract to NOAA/NOS/NCCOS)CharlestonSCUSA
| | - E. F. Wirth
- National Oceanic and Atmospheric AdministrationNational Ocean ServiceNational Centers for Coastal Ocean ScienceCharlestonSCUSA
| | - L. B. Hart
- Department of Health and Human PerformanceCollege of CharlestonCharlestonSCUSA
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40
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Ji B, Wen Z, Ni C, Zhu Q, Wang Y, Li X, Zhong Y, Ge RS. The Production of Testosterone and Gene Expression in Neonatal Testes of Rats Exposed to Diisoheptyl Phthalate During Pregnancy is Inhibited. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:568311. [PMID: 33912029 PMCID: PMC8072358 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.568311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Diisoheptyl phthalate (DIHP) is a phthalate plasticizer, which is a branched phthalate. Here, we reported the effects of gestational exposure to DIHP on testis development in male rats. Methods: Pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats were orally fed with vehicle (corn oil, control) or DIHP (10, 100, 500, and 1,000 mg/kg) from gestational day (GD) 12–21. At GD21, serum testosterone levels, the number and distribution of fetal Leydig cells, and testicular mRNA and protein levels, the incidence of multinucleated gonocytes, and focal testicular hypoplasia in the neonatal testis were measured. Results: DIHP increased the fetal Leydig cell cluster size and decreased the fetal Leydig cell size with LOAEL of 10 mg/kg. DIHP did not affect the fetal Leydig cell number. DIHP significantly lowered serum testosterone levels, down-regulated the expression of steroidogenesis-related genes (Lhcgr, Star, Cyp11a1, Hsd3b1, Cyp17a1, and Hsd17b3) and testis descent-related gene (Insl3) as well as protein levels of cholesterol side-chain cleavage enzyme (CYP11A1) and insulin-like 3 (INSL3). DIHP dose-dependently increased the percentage of multinucleated gonocytes with the low observed adverse-effect level (LOAEL) of 100 mg/kg. DIHP induced focal testicular hypoplasia. Conclusion: Gestational exposure to DIHP causes testis dysgenesis in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Ji
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Zina Wen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Chengdu Jinjiang Maternal and Child Health Hospital and Chengdu Xi'nan Gynecology Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Chaobo Ni
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Qiqi Zhu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yiyan Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xiaoheng Li
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Ying Zhong
- Chengdu Jinjiang Maternal and Child Health Hospital and Chengdu Xi'nan Gynecology Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Ren-Shan Ge
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Chengdu Jinjiang Maternal and Child Health Hospital and Chengdu Xi'nan Gynecology Hospital, Chengdu, China
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Bloom MS, Valachovic EL, Begum TF, Kucklick JR, Brock JW, Wenzel AG, Wineland RJ, Cruze L, Unal ER, Newman RB. Association between gestational phthalate exposure and newborn head circumference; impacts by race and sex. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2021; 195:110763. [PMID: 33516688 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.110763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Observational and experimental studies report associations between gestational phthalate exposure and fetal development, yet few data exist to characterize phthalate effects on head circumference (HC) or to estimate the impact of race or sex. To address this data gap, we enrolled 152 African American and 158 white mothers with uncomplicated singleton pregnancies from the Charleston, South Carolina (USA) metropolitan area in a prospective birth cohort. Study participants provided up to two urine specimens during mid and late gestation, completed a study questionnaire, and allowed access to hospital birth records. We measured eight phthalate monoester metabolites using liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry, and calculated molar sums of phthalate parent diesters. After specific gravity correction, we tested for associations between phthalates and neonatal HC (cm) and cephalization index (cm/g) using multiple informant linear regression with inverse probability weighting to account for selection bias between repeated urine sampling, adjusted for maternal race, age, body mass index, education, and smoking. We explored interactions by maternal race and infant sex. A doubling of urinary monoethyl phthalate (MEP) concentration was associated with a -0.49% (95%CI: -0.95%, -0.02%) smaller head circumference, although seven other phthalate metabolites were null. There were no statistically significant associations with cephalization index. HC was larger for whites than African American newborns (p < 0.0001) but similar for males and females (p = 0.16). We detected interactions for maternal race with urinary monobutyl phthalate (MBP; p = 0.03), monobenzyl phthalate (MBzP; p = 0.01), monoethylhexyl phthalate (MEHP; p = 0.05), monomethyl phthalate (MMP; p = 0.02), and the sum of dibutyl phthalate metabolites (∑DBP; p = 0.05), in which reduced HC circumference associations were stronger among whites than African Americans, and interactions for sex with MBP (p = 0.08) and MiBP (p = 0.03), in which associations were stronger for females than males. Our results suggest that gestational phthalate exposure is associated with smaller neonatal HC and that white mothers and female newborns have greater susceptibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael S Bloom
- Department of Global and Community Health, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, USA.
| | - Edward L Valachovic
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University at Albany, State University of New York, Rensselaer, NY, USA
| | - Thoin F Begum
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University at Albany, State University of New York, Rensselaer, NY, USA
| | - John R Kucklick
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Hollings Marine Laboratory, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - John W Brock
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina Asheville, Asheville, NC, USA
| | - Abby G Wenzel
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Rebecca J Wineland
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Lori Cruze
- Department of Biology, Wofford College, Spartanburg, SC, USA
| | - Elizabeth R Unal
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, IL, USA
| | - Roger B Newman
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
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Maternal Food and Beverage Consumption Behaviors and Discrepant Phthalate Exposure by Race. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18042190. [PMID: 33672279 PMCID: PMC7927108 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18042190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Revised: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Background: Differential exposure to endocrine-disrupting chemicals, including phthalate diesters, may contribute to persistent racial/ethnic disparities in women’s reproductive health outcomes. We sought to characterize sources of gestational exposure to these agents that may differ according to maternal race. Methods: We enrolled pregnant Black (n = 198), including African American, and White (n = 197) women during the second trimester, and measured eight phthalate monoester metabolites in urine. We assessed confounder-adjusted associations between multiple food and beverage consumption habits, summarized using a principal component analysis, as predictors of maternal urinary phthalate metabolite levels, stratified by race. Results: Whites reported significantly greater unprocessed food consumption (42.5% vs. 32.0%; p < 0.001) and storage of food in clear unbreakable plastic containers (66.5% vs. 49.3%; p < 0.001) than Blacks, while Blacks consumed more canned fruits and vegetables (23.5% vs. 12.2%; p < 0.001) than Whites. Using plastics for food storage, microwaving in plastic containers, and using hard plastic water bottles was associated with urinary phthalate concentrations, especially DEHP metabolites (e.g., mean difference = 5.13%; 95% CI: 3.05, 7.25). These associations were driven primarily by Black pregnant women. Conclusions: Targeted interventions to reduce maternal exposure to phthalates need to be designed with specific attention to differences in food and beverage consumption behaviors among Black and White women.
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Arpna Kumari, Rajinder Kaur. Chromatographic Methods for the Determination of Phthalic Acid Esters in Different Samples. JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY 2021. [DOI: 10.1134/s1061934821010056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Boyles AL, Beverly BE, Fenton SE, Jackson CL, Jukic AMZ, Sutherland VL, Baird DD, Collman GW, Dixon D, Ferguson KK, Hall JE, Martin EM, Schug TT, White AJ, Chandler KJ. Environmental Factors Involved in Maternal Morbidity and Mortality. J Womens Health (Larchmt) 2021; 30:245-252. [PMID: 33211615 PMCID: PMC7891208 DOI: 10.1089/jwh.2020.8855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Nongenetic, environmental factors contribute to maternal morbidity and mortality through chemical exposures via air, water, soil, food, and consumer products. Pregnancy represents a particularly sensitive window of susceptibility during which physiological changes to every major organ system increase sensitivity to chemicals that can impact a woman's long-term health. Nonchemical stressors, such as low socioeconomic status, may exacerbate the effects of chemical exposures on maternal health. Racial/ethnic minorities are exposed disproportionately to both chemicals and nonchemical stressors, which likely contribute to the observed health disparities for maternal morbidities and mortality. Epidemiological studies linking exposures to adverse maternal health outcomes underscore the importance of environmental health impacts, and mechanistic studies in model systems reveal how chemicals perturb biological pathways and processes. Environmental stressors are associated with a variety of immediate maternal health impacts, including hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, fibroids, and infertility, as well as long-term maternal health impacts, such as higher risk of breast cancer and metabolic disorders. Identifying and reducing a pregnant woman's environmental exposures is not only beneficial to her offspring but also important to preserve her short- and long-term health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abee L. Boyles
- Division of Extramural Research and Training, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Brandiese E. Beverly
- National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Suzanne E. Fenton
- National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Chandra L. Jackson
- Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- Intramural Program, National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities, National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Anne Marie Z. Jukic
- Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Vicki L. Sutherland
- National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Donna D. Baird
- Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Gwen W. Collman
- Division of Extramural Research and Training, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Darlene Dixon
- National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Kelly K. Ferguson
- Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Janet E. Hall
- Clinical Research Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Elizabeth M. Martin
- Epigenetics and Stem Cell Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- Postdoctoral Research Associate Training Program, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Thaddeus T. Schug
- Division of Extramural Research and Training, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Alexandra J. White
- Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Kelly J. Chandler
- Office of Policy, Planning, and Evaluation, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Durham, North Carolina, USA
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Wenzel AG, Reiner JL, Kohno S, Wolf BJ, Brock JW, Cruze L, Newman RB, Kucklick JR. Biomonitoring of emerging DINCH metabolites in pregnant women in charleston, SC: 2011-2014. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 262:128369. [PMID: 33182099 PMCID: PMC7670082 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.128369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Revised: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Due to the mounting evidence that phthalates, specifically di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate and dibutyl phthalate, produce adverse endocrine effects in humans and wildlife, the use of other chemicals as replacements has increased. One of the most commonly encountered phthalate replacements is di(isononyl)cyclohexane-1,2-dicarboxylate (DINCH). Currently, little is known about the prevalence of human exposure, bioactivity, and endocrine disrupting potential of DINCH. We sampled urine from 100 pregnant women during the second trimester of pregnancy living in Charleston, SC between 2011 and 2014 and measured the following DINCH metabolites by LC-MS/MS: cyclohexane-1,2-dicarboxylic acid-mono(hydroxy-isononyl) ester (OH-MINCH), cyclohexane-1,2-dicarboxylic acid-mono(oxo-isononyl) ester (oxo-MINCH), and cyclohexane-1,2-dicarboxylic acid-monocarboxy isooctyl ester (cx-MINCH). These metabolites were also tested on human estrogen receptor alpha and progesterone receptor beta transactivation assays in vitro. OH-MINCH was detected in 98% of urine samples. The specific gravity-adjusted median (interquartile range) OH-MINCH concentration was 0.20 (0.25) ng/mL, and concentrations were significantly higher in African American women compared to Caucasian women (p = 0.01). DINCH metabolite concentrations were consistent between years, and they did not exhibit estrogenic or progestogenic activity in vitro. Human exposure to these emerging compounds should continue to be monitored, especially in vulnerable populations, to ensure the replacement of phthalates by DINCH is not a case of regrettable substitution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abby G Wenzel
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical University of South Carolina, 171 Ashley Avenue, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA; National Institute of Standards and Technology, Hollings Marine Laboratory, 331 Fort Johnson Road, Charleston, SC, 29412, USA
| | - Jessica L Reiner
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Hollings Marine Laboratory, 331 Fort Johnson Road, Charleston, SC, 29412, USA.
| | - Satomi Kohno
- Department of Biology, St. Cloud State University, 720 4thAvenue South, St. Cloud, MN, 56301, USA
| | - Bethany J Wolf
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, 135 Cannon Street, Suite 303, MSC 835, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA
| | - John W Brock
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina Asheville, CPO #2010, One University Heights, Asheville, NC, 28804, USA
| | - Lori Cruze
- Department of Biology, Wofford College, 429 North Church Street, Spartanburg, SC, 29303, USA
| | - Roger B Newman
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical University of South Carolina, 171 Ashley Avenue, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA
| | - John R Kucklick
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Hollings Marine Laboratory, 331 Fort Johnson Road, Charleston, SC, 29412, USA
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Adgent MA, Carroll KN, Hazlehurst MF, Loftus CT, Szpiro AA, Karr CJ, Barrett ES, LeWinn KZ, Bush NR, Tylavsky FA, Kannan K, Sathyanarayana S. A combined cohort analysis of prenatal exposure to phthalate mixtures and childhood asthma. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2020; 143:105970. [PMID: 32763629 PMCID: PMC7708520 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2020.105970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Revised: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies of prenatal phthalate exposure and childhood asthma are inconsistent. These studies typically model phthalates as individual, rather than co-occurring, exposures. We investigated whether prenatal phthalates are associated with childhood wheeze and asthma using a mixtures approach. METHODS We studied dyads from two prenatal cohorts in the ECHO-PATHWAYS consortium: CANDLE, recruited 2006-2011 and TIDES, recruited 2011-2013. Parents reported child respiratory outcomes at age 4-6 years: ever asthma, current wheeze (symptoms in past 12 months) and current asthma (two affirmative responses from ever asthma, recent asthma-specific medication use, and/or current wheeze). We quantified 11 phthalate metabolites in third trimester urine and estimated associations with child respiratory outcomes using weighted quantile sum (WQS) logistic regression, using separate models to estimate protective and adverse associations, adjusting for covariates. We examined effect modification by child sex and maternal asthma. RESULTS Of 1481 women, most identified as White (46.6%) or Black (44.6%); 17% reported an asthma history. Prevalence of ever asthma, current wheeze and current asthma in children was 12.3%, 15.8% and 12.3%, respectively. Overall, there was no adverse association with respiratory outcomes. In sex-stratified analyses, boys' phthalate index was adversely associated with all outcomes (e.g., boys' ever asthma: adjusted odds ratio per one quintile increase in WQS phthalate index (AOR): 1.42; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.08, 1.85, with mono-ethyl phthalate (MEP) weighted highest). Adverse associations were also observed in dyads without maternal asthma history, driven by MEP and mono-butyl phthalate (MBP), but not in those with maternal asthma history. We observed protective associations between the phthalate index and respiratory outcomes in analysis of all participants (e.g., ever asthma: AOR; 95% CI: 0.81; 0.68, 0.96), with di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate (DEHP) metabolites weighted highest. CONCLUSIONS Results suggest effect modification by child sex and maternal asthma in associations between prenatal phthalate mixtures and child asthma and wheeze.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaret A Adgent
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 2146 Belcourt Avenue, Nashville TN 37212, USA; Department of Health Policy, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 1500 21st Ave S, Suite 2600, Nashville TN 37212, USA.
| | - Kecia N Carroll
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 2146 Belcourt Avenue, Nashville TN 37212, USA
| | - Marnie F Hazlehurst
- Department of Epidemiology, Box 357236, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195-7236, USA
| | - Christine T Loftus
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, Box 357234, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195-7234, USA
| | - Adam A Szpiro
- Department of Biostatistics, Box 35732, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195-7232, USA
| | - Catherine J Karr
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, Box 357234, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195-7234, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Box 356320, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195-6320, USA
| | - Emily S Barrett
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Rutgers School of Public Health, 683 Hoes Lane West, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Kaja Z LeWinn
- Department of Psychiatry and Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, 401 Parnassus Ave., San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Nicole R Bush
- Department of Psychiatry and Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, 401 Parnassus Ave., San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, 550 16th Street, Box 0110, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Frances A Tylavsky
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Sciences Center, 66 N. Pauline Street, Suite 633, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - Kurunthachalam Kannan
- Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Empire State Plaza, P.O. Box 509, Albany, NY 12201-0509, USA
| | - Sheela Sathyanarayana
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, Box 357234, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195-7234, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Box 356320, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195-6320, USA; Seattle Children's Research Institute, 2001 8th Ave, Seattle, WA 98121, USA
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Begum TF, Gerona R, Melamed J, McGough A, Lenhart N, Wong R, Mok-Lin E, Butts CD, Feingold BJ, Romeiko XX, Fujimoto VY, Bloom MS. Sources of exposure to urinary phthalates among couples undergoing infertility treatment. Int J Hyg Environ Health 2020; 229:113567. [PMID: 32599562 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2020.113567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Revised: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Phthalates have been implicated as reproductive toxicants in animal models and in human populations. This study examined associations between potential exposure sources and urinary phthalate metabolite concentrations among women (n = 56) and their male partners (n = 43) undergoing in vitro fertilization (IVF). On the day of oocyte retrieval, participants provided urine samples and completed questionnaires detailing use of personal care products (PCPs), and consumption of medications, foods, and beverages in the preceding 24 h. Urine was analyzed for MEP, MBP, MPP, MHxP, MEHP, MEHHP, MECPP, MiNP, MiDP, MCHP, and MBzP, via liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. We employed principal component analysis (PCA) to summarize exposure sources and regression models to estimate associations between exposure patterns and urinary phthalate metabolites, adjusted for confounding variables. Among women, application of more body washes and eye creams, and consumption of more supplements, was associated with greater urinary MECPP [relative difference = 1.36 (95% CI: 1.28, 1.45)] and the molar sum of DEHP metabolites, including MEHP, MEHHP, and MECPP [∑DEHP; 1.26 (95% CI: 1.17, 1.34)]. Among men, consumption of more supplements and allergy medications was associated with greater urinary MECPP, MEHHP, and ∑DEHP [relative difference = 1.13 (95% CI: 1.02, 1.23)] concentrations. Identifying differences in sources of phthalate exposure may help clinicians to intervene to reduce exposure as part of a comprehensive strategy to help improve IVF outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thoin F Begum
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University at Albany, State University of New York, Rensselaer, NY, USA
| | - Roy Gerona
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Jonathan Melamed
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Alexandra McGough
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Nikolaus Lenhart
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Rebecca Wong
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Evelyn Mok-Lin
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Celeste D Butts
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University at Albany, State University of New York, Rensselaer, NY, USA
| | - Beth J Feingold
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University at Albany, State University of New York, Rensselaer, NY, USA
| | - Xiaobo X Romeiko
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University at Albany, State University of New York, Rensselaer, NY, USA
| | - Victor Y Fujimoto
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
| | - Michael S Bloom
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University at Albany, State University of New York, Rensselaer, NY, USA; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University at Albany, State University of New York, Rensselaer, NY, USA.
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Basak S, Das MK, Duttaroy AK. Plastics derived endocrine-disrupting compounds and their effects on early development. Birth Defects Res 2020; 112:1308-1325. [PMID: 32476245 DOI: 10.1002/bdr2.1741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Despite the fact that the estrogenic effects of bisphenols were first described 80 years ago, recent data about its potential negative impact on birth outcome parameters raises a strong rationale to investigate further. The adverse health effects of plastics recommend to measure the impacts of endocrine-disrupting compounds (EDCs) such as bisphenols (BPA, BPS, BPF), bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate, and dibutyl phthalate (DBP) in human health. Exposure to these compounds in utero may program the diseases of the testis, prostate, kidney and abnormalities in the immune system, and cause tumors, uterine hemorrhage during pregnancy and polycystic ovary. These compounds also control the processes of epigenetic transgenerational inheritance of adult-onset diseases by modulating DNA methylation and epimutations in reproductive cells. The early developmental stage is the most susceptible window for developmental and genomic programming. The critical stages of the events for a normal human birth lie between the many transitions occurring between spermatogenesis, egg fertilization and the fully formed fetus. As the cells begin to grow and differentiate, there are critical balances of hormones, and protein synthesis. Data are emerging on how these plastic-derived compounds affect embryogenesis, placentation and feto-placental development since pregnant women and unborn fetuses are often exposed to these factors during preconception and throughout gestation. Impaired early development that ultimately influences fetal outcomes is at the center of many developmental disorders and contributes an independent risk factor for adult chronic diseases. This review will summarize the current status on the impact of exposure to plastic derived EDCs on the growth, gene expression, epigenetic and angiogenic activities of the early fetal development process and their possible effects on birth outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjay Basak
- Molecular Biology Division, National Institute of Nutrition, Indian Council of Medical Research, Hyderabad, India
| | - Mrinal K Das
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Asim K Duttaroy
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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Kim JH, Kim D, Moon SM, Yang EJ. Associations of lifestyle factors with phthalate metabolites, bisphenol A, parabens, and triclosan concentrations in breast milk of Korean mothers. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 249:126149. [PMID: 32062213 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.126149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2019] [Revised: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 02/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The toxicity of endocrine disruptors depends on the synergistic interactions of biological, environmental, and behavioral factors. The specific effects of diet, consumer product use, and behaviors, however, are debated in the literature, particularly with regard to endocrine disruptors found in breast milk. This study aimed to measure the levels of phthalate metabolites, bisphenol A, parabens, and triclosan in breast milk and to investigate their associations with various lifestyle factors. The breast milk samples as well as surveys were collected from 221 first-time mothers throughout South Korea and each sample was analyzed for the presence of 15 endocrine disruptors. Phthalate metabolites were detected in 5.4-83.3% of the samples, with median concentrations of 0.08-1.72 μg/L, while bisphenol A, parabens, and triclosan were detected in 25.8-88.2% of the samples, with median concentrations of 0.12-1.47 μg/L. High levels of endocrine disruptors were associated with frequent consumption of fish and cup noodles; the use of plastic and disposable food containers; the use of air fresheners, lotions and make-up; the purchase of new furniture; and socioeconomic status. We also observed the potential role of moderate walking activity on the reduction of these chemicals in breast milk. Our data provide evidence of the potential effects of diet, consumer products, and behavior on the presence of phthalate metabolites, bisphenol A, parabens, and triclosan in breast milk. Future studies should include community or regional impact on a mothers' exposure to endocrine disruptors, to assess the joint contribution of both individual and neighborhood factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ju Hee Kim
- College of Nursing Science, Kyung Hee University, 26 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 02447, South Korea.
| | - Dohyeong Kim
- School of Economic, Political and Policy Sciences, University of Texas at Dallas, 800 W Campbell Rd, Richardson, TX, 75080, United States.
| | - Seung-Min Moon
- Department of Public Administration, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, South Korea.
| | - Eun Jung Yang
- College of Nursing Science, Kyung Hee University, 26 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 02447, South Korea.
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