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Medina-Rodríguez EM, Martínez-Raga J, Sanz Y. Intestinal Barrier, Immunity and Microbiome: Partners in the Depression Crime. Pharmacol Rev 2024; 76:956-969. [PMID: 39084934 DOI: 10.1124/pharmrev.124.001202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Revised: 05/28/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Depression is a highly prevalent disorder and a leading cause of disability worldwide. It has a major impact on the affected individual and on society as a whole. Regrettably, current available treatments for this condition are insufficient in many patients. In recent years, the gut microbiome has emerged as a promising alternative target for treating and preventing depressive disorders. However, the microbes that form this ecosystem do not act alone but are part of a complicated network connecting the gut and the brain that influences our mood. Host cells that are in intimate contact with gut microbes, such as the epithelial cells forming the gut barrier and the immune cells in their vicinity, play a key role in the process. These cells continuously shape immune responses to maintain healthy communication between gut microbes and the host. In this article, we review how the interplay among epithelial cells, the immune system, and gut microbes mediates gut-brain communication to influence mood. We also discuss how advances in our knowledge of the mechanisms underlying the gut-brain axis could contribute to addressing depression. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: This review does not aim to systematically describe intestinal microbes that might be beneficial or detrimental for depression. We have adopted a novel point of view by focusing on potential mechanisms underlying the crosstalk between gut microbes and their intestinal environment to control mood. These pathways could be targeted by well defined and individually tailored dietary interventions, microbes, or microbial metabolites to ameliorate depression and decrease its important social and economic impact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva M Medina-Rodríguez
- Psychiatry Service, Doctor Peset University Hospital, FISABIO, Valencia, Spain (E.M.M.-R., J.M.-R.); Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology, Spanish National Research Council (IATA-CSIC), Valencia, Spain (E.M.M.-R., Y.S.); and University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain (J.M.-R.)
| | - José Martínez-Raga
- Psychiatry Service, Doctor Peset University Hospital, FISABIO, Valencia, Spain (E.M.M.-R., J.M.-R.); Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology, Spanish National Research Council (IATA-CSIC), Valencia, Spain (E.M.M.-R., Y.S.); and University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain (J.M.-R.)
| | - Yolanda Sanz
- Psychiatry Service, Doctor Peset University Hospital, FISABIO, Valencia, Spain (E.M.M.-R., J.M.-R.); Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology, Spanish National Research Council (IATA-CSIC), Valencia, Spain (E.M.M.-R., Y.S.); and University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain (J.M.-R.)
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2
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Tamayo M, Olivares M, Ruas-Madiedo P, Margolles A, Espín JC, Medina I, Moreno-Arribas MV, Canals S, Mirasso CR, Ortín S, Beltrán-Sanchez H, Palloni A, Tomás-Barberán FA, Sanz Y. How Diet and Lifestyle Can Fine-Tune Gut Microbiomes for Healthy Aging. Annu Rev Food Sci Technol 2024; 15:283-305. [PMID: 38941492 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-food-072023-034458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/30/2024]
Abstract
Many physical, social, and psychological changes occur during aging that raise the risk of developing chronic diseases, frailty, and dependency. These changes adversely affect the gut microbiota, a phenomenon known as microbe-aging. Those microbiota alterations are, in turn, associated with the development of age-related diseases. The gut microbiota is highly responsive to lifestyle and dietary changes, displaying a flexibility that also provides anactionable tool by which healthy aging can be promoted. This review covers, firstly, the main lifestyle and socioeconomic factors that modify the gut microbiota composition and function during healthy or unhealthy aging and, secondly, the advances being made in defining and promoting healthy aging, including microbiome-informed artificial intelligence tools, personalized dietary patterns, and food probiotic systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Tamayo
- Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology, Spanish National Research Council (IATA-CSIC), Valencia, Spain;
- Faculty of Medicine, Autonomous University of Madrid (UAM), Spain
| | - M Olivares
- Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology, Spanish National Research Council (IATA-CSIC), Valencia, Spain;
| | | | - A Margolles
- Health Research Institute (ISPA), Asturias, Spain
| | - J C Espín
- Laboratory of Food & Health, Group of Quality, Safety, and Bioactivity of Plant Foods, Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura (CEBAS-CSIC), Murcia, Spain
| | - I Medina
- Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas, Spanish National Research Council (IIM-CSIC), Vigo, Spain
| | | | - S Canals
- Instituto de Neurociencias, Universidad Miguel Hernández-CSIC, Sant Joan d'Alacant, Spain
| | - C R Mirasso
- Instituto de Física Interdisciplinar y Sistemas Complejos IFISC (UIB-CSIC), Campus Universitat de les Illes Balears, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - S Ortín
- Instituto de Física Interdisciplinar y Sistemas Complejos IFISC (UIB-CSIC), Campus Universitat de les Illes Balears, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - H Beltrán-Sanchez
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Fielding School of Public Health and California Center for Population Research, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - A Palloni
- Department of Sociology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - F A Tomás-Barberán
- Laboratory of Food & Health, Group of Quality, Safety, and Bioactivity of Plant Foods, Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura (CEBAS-CSIC), Murcia, Spain
| | - Y Sanz
- Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology, Spanish National Research Council (IATA-CSIC), Valencia, Spain;
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3
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Pérez-Jiménez J. Dietary fiber: Still alive. Food Chem 2024; 439:138076. [PMID: 38039615 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.138076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023]
Abstract
Dietary fiber (DF) was established as a key dietary constituent some decades ago, as were some of its mechanisms of action and health effects. Although there is consolidated evidence on many features regarding DF, at the same time there are still many aspects to be explored in the field, e.g., deeper explorations of the contribution of phenolic compounds linked to cell walls to the biological activities of DF, or of the relevance of the gut-brain axis. At the same time, increasing DF intake should be seen as a major public health problem since worldwide intakes are quite far from recommendations. The awareness of this fact by public bodies should lead, among others, to the assessment of effective strategies for promoting DF intake among general population or specific groups; and to consider potential regulatory modifications in order to clarify several aspects potentially misleading for consumers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jara Pérez-Jiménez
- Dept. Metabolism and Nutrition, Institute of Food Science, Technology and Nutrition (ICTAN-CSIC), Madrid, Spain; CIBER of Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disease (CIBERDEM), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain.
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Apostolakopoulou XA, Petinaki E, Kapsoritakis AN, Bonotis K. A Narrative Review of the Association Between Healthy Dietary Patterns and Depression. Cureus 2024; 16:e60920. [PMID: 38910729 PMCID: PMC11193411 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.60920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The purpose of the present review is the investigation of healthy dietary patterns and diet quality in relation to depression risk. Nutritional psychiatry is to develop scientifically based research that defines the role of nutrition and nutrients in various aspects of mental health. Growing evidence from the field suggests that diet may play an important role in the prevention and/or treatment of depression. In contrast, there is evidence that unhealthy diets may increase the risk of depression. This emerging research suggests that dietary interventions could help prevent depression or be an alternative or adjunctive therapy for depression. The Mediterranean diet (MedDiet), the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet, and the vegetarian diet are examined in this review. The electronic databases PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar were searched for relevant studies published during the last five years. We found many results that support that healthy eating patterns (high in vegetables, fruits, whole grains, nuts, seeds, and fish, low in processed foods) are related to a reduction in the risk of depression. The most robust findings are related to MedDiet, where we also found several positive results for the DASH diet. Regarding the vegetarian diet, there are inconsistent reports. Furthermore, a consistent finding refers to a lower Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII) as associated with a lower depression risk. It has been observed that people suffering from depression have poorer nutritional quality, with lower fruit and vegetable intake. This observation may strengthen the argument that nutritional interventions should be incorporated as an important "pillar" in the multifactorial treatment of patients. However, more well-designed studies are needed to establish the relationship between dietary patterns and mental health. In particular, interventional, longitudinal studies could be more enlightening.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Efthimia Petinaki
- Department of Clinical and Laboratory Research, University Hospital of Larissa, Larissa, GRC
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5
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Fu C, Huang Z, van Harmelen F, He T, Jiang X. Food4healthKG: Knowledge graphs for food recommendations based on gut microbiota and mental health. Artif Intell Med 2023; 145:102677. [PMID: 37925207 DOI: 10.1016/j.artmed.2023.102677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Revised: 08/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/06/2023]
Abstract
Food is increasingly acknowledged as a powerful means to promote and maintain mental health. The introduction of the gut-brain axis has been instrumental in understanding the impact of food on mental health. It is widely reported that food can significantly influence gut microbiota metabolism, thereby playing a pivotal role in maintaining mental health. However, the vast amount of heterogeneous data published in recent research lacks systematic integration and application development. To remedy this, we construct a comprehensive knowledge graph, named Food4healthKG, focusing on food, gut microbiota, and mental diseases. The constructed workflow includes the integration of numerous heterogeneous data, entity linking to a normalized format, and the well-designed representation of the acquired knowledge. To illustrate the availability of Food4healthKG, we design two case studies: the knowledge query and the food recommendation based on Food4healthKG. Furthermore, we propose two evaluation methods to validate the quality of the results obtained from Food4healthKG. The results demonstrate the system's effectiveness in practical applications, particularly in providing convincing food recommendations based on gut microbiota and mental health. Food4healthKG is accessible at https://github.com/ccszbd/Food4healthKG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengcheng Fu
- National Engineering Research Center for E-Learning, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, China; School of Computer Science, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, China; Department of Computer Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; National Language Resources Monitor Research Center for Network Media, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhisheng Huang
- Department of Computer Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Shanghai Pudong New Area Mental Health Center, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Deep Blue Technology Group, Shanghai, China
| | - Frank van Harmelen
- Department of Computer Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Tingting He
- School of Computer Science, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, China; National Language Resources Monitor Research Center for Network Media, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xingpeng Jiang
- School of Computer Science, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, China; National Language Resources Monitor Research Center for Network Media, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, China.
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Ke S, Hartmann J, Ressler KJ, Liu YY, Koenen KC. The emerging role of the gut microbiome in posttraumatic stress disorder. Brain Behav Immun 2023; 114:360-370. [PMID: 37689277 PMCID: PMC10591863 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2023.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2023] [Revised: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) occurs in some people following exposure to a terrifying or catastrophic event involving actual/threatened death, serious injury, or sexual violence. PTSD is a common and debilitating mental disorder that imposes a significant burden on individuals, their families, health services, and society. Moreover, PTSD is a risk factor for chronic diseases such as coronary heart disease, stroke, diabetes, as well as premature mortality. Furthermore, PTSD is associated with dysregulated immune function. Despite the high prevalence of PTSD, the mechanisms underlying its etiology and manifestations remain poorly understood. Compelling evidence indicates that the human gut microbiome, a complex community of microorganisms living in the gastrointestinal tract, plays a crucial role in the development and function of the host nervous system, complex behaviors, and brain circuits. The gut microbiome may contribute to PTSD by influencing inflammation, stress responses, and neurotransmitter signaling, while bidirectional communication between the gut and brain involves mechanisms such as microbial metabolites, immune system activation, and the vagus nerve. In this literature review, we summarize recent findings on the role of the gut microbiome in PTSD in both human and animal studies. We discuss the methodological limitations of existing studies and suggest future research directions to further understand the role of the gut microbiome in PTSD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanlin Ke
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Jakob Hartmann
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA 02478, USA
| | - Kerry J Ressler
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA 02478, USA
| | - Yang-Yu Liu
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Center for Artificial Intelligence and Modeling, The Carl R. WoeseInstitute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL, USA.
| | - Karestan C Koenen
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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7
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Magzal F, Turroni S, Fabbrini M, Barone M, Vitman Schorr A, Ofran A, Tamir S. A personalized diet intervention improves depression symptoms and changes microbiota and metabolite profiles among community-dwelling older adults. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1234549. [PMID: 37794974 PMCID: PMC10547149 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1234549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The impact of diet on mental well-being and gut microorganisms in humans is well recognized. However, research on the connections between food nutrients, gut microbiota, and mental health remains limited. To address this, the present study aimed to assess the effects of a personalized diet, based on individual needs and aligned with the Mediterranean diet principles, on depression symptoms, quality of life, nutritional intake, and gut microbiota changes among older adults living in the community. Methods The intervention involved regular visits from a registered dietitian, who provided tailored dietary recommendations. During the 6-month study, participants completed questionnaires to evaluate their depression levels, quality of life, and dietary habits. Additionally, they provided stool samples for analysis of gut microbiota and metabolites. Results The results demonstrated that the personalized dietary intervention reduced depression symptoms and improved the quality of life among older adults. Furthermore, significant changes in the intake of certain nutrients, such as folate, lutein, zeaxanthin, EPA, and DHA, were observed following the intervention. Moreover, the intervention was associated with increased diversity in the gut microbiome and reduced total short-chain fatty acids, the main metabolites produced by gut microorganisms. The study also revealed correlations between food nutrients, gut microbiota, and mental health parameters. Discussion In conclusion, this research highlights the potential advantages of personalized dietary interventions in managing depression and enhancing overall well-being among older populations. It also sheds light on the role of gut microbiota and its metabolites in these effects. The findings offer valuable insights into the significance of nutrition and gut health for mental well-being in older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faiga Magzal
- Laboratory of Human Health and Nutrition Sciences, MIGAL-Galilee Research Institute, Kiryat Shmona, Israel
- Department of Nutrition, Tel Hai College, Upper Galilee, Israel
| | - Silvia Turroni
- Unit of Microbiome Science and Biotechnology, Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Marco Fabbrini
- Unit of Microbiome Science and Biotechnology, Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- Microbiomics Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Monica Barone
- Microbiomics Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | | | | | - Snait Tamir
- Laboratory of Human Health and Nutrition Sciences, MIGAL-Galilee Research Institute, Kiryat Shmona, Israel
- Department of Nutrition, Tel Hai College, Upper Galilee, Israel
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Liwinski T, Lang UE. Folate and Its Significance in Depressive Disorders and Suicidality: A Comprehensive Narrative Review. Nutrients 2023; 15:3859. [PMID: 37686891 PMCID: PMC10490031 DOI: 10.3390/nu15173859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Depressive disorders pose significant challenges to global public health, necessitating effective prevention and management strategies. Notably, the occurrence of suicide frequently coincides with depressive episodes. Suicide is as a paramount global health concern that demands efficacious preventive strategies. Current psychiatric approaches heavily rely on pharmacological interventions but have had limited success in addressing the global burden of mental health issues. Suboptimal nutrition, with its impact on the neuroendocrine system, has been implicated in the underlying pathology of depressive disorders. Folate, a group of water-soluble compounds, plays a crucial role in various central nervous system functions. Depressed individuals often exhibit low levels of serum and red blood cell folate. Multiple studies and systematic reviews have investigated the efficacy of folic acid and its derivative, L-methylfolate, which can cross the blood-brain barrier, as stand-alone or adjunct therapies for depression. Although findings have been mixed, the available evidence generally supports the use of these compounds in depressed individuals. Recent studies have established links between the one-carbon cycle, folate-homocysteine balance, immune system function, glutamate excitation via NMDA (N-methyl-D-aspartate) receptors, and gut microbiome eubiosis in mood regulation. These findings provide insights into the complex neurobiological mechanisms underlying the effects of folate and related compounds in depression. Through a comprehensive review of the existing literature, this study aims to advance our understanding of the therapeutic potential of folic acid and related compounds in depression treatment. It also seeks to explore their role in addressing suicidal tendencies and shed light on the neurobiological mechanisms involved, leveraging the latest discoveries in depression research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timur Liwinski
- Clinic for Adult Psychiatry, University Psychiatric Clinics, University of Basel, Wilhelm Klein-Strasse 27, CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland;
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Marx W, Manger SH, Blencowe M, Murray G, Ho FYY, Lawn S, Blumenthal JA, Schuch F, Stubbs B, Ruusunen A, Desyibelew HD, Dinan TG, Jacka F, Ravindran A, Berk M, O'Neil A. Clinical guidelines for the use of lifestyle-based mental health care in major depressive disorder: World Federation of Societies for Biological Psychiatry (WFSBP) and Australasian Society of Lifestyle Medicine (ASLM) taskforce. World J Biol Psychiatry 2023; 24:333-386. [PMID: 36202135 PMCID: PMC10972571 DOI: 10.1080/15622975.2022.2112074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Revised: 07/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The primary objectives of these international guidelines were to provide a global audience of clinicians with (a) a series of evidence-based recommendations for the provision of lifestyle-based mental health care in clinical practice for adults with Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) and (b) a series of implementation considerations that may be applicable across a range of settings. METHODS Recommendations and associated evidence-based gradings were based on a series of systematic literature searches of published research as well as the clinical expertise of taskforce members. The focus of the guidelines was eight lifestyle domains: physical activity and exercise, smoking cessation, work-directed interventions, mindfulness-based and stress management therapies, diet, sleep, loneliness and social support, and green space interaction. The following electronic bibliographic databases were searched for articles published prior to June 2020: PubMed, EMBASE, The Cochrane Library (Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), Cochrane Methodology Register), CINAHL, PsycINFO. Evidence grading was based on the level of evidence specific to MDD and risk of bias, in accordance with the World Federation of Societies for Biological Psychiatry criteria. RESULTS Nine recommendations were formed. The recommendations with the highest ratings to improve MDD were the use of physical activity and exercise, relaxation techniques, work-directed interventions, sleep, and mindfulness-based therapies (Grade 2). Interventions related to diet and green space were recommended, but with a lower strength of evidence (Grade 3). Recommendations regarding smoking cessation and loneliness and social support were based on expert opinion. Key implementation considerations included the need for input from allied health professionals and support networks to implement this type of approach, the importance of partnering such recommendations with behaviour change support, and the need to deliver interventions using a biopsychosocial-cultural framework. CONCLUSIONS Lifestyle-based interventions are recommended as a foundational component of mental health care in clinical practice for adults with Major Depressive Disorder, where other evidence-based therapies can be added or used in combination. The findings and recommendations of these guidelines support the need for further research to address existing gaps in efficacy and implementation research, especially for emerging lifestyle-based approaches (e.g. green space, loneliness and social support interventions) where data are limited. Further work is also needed to develop innovative approaches for delivery and models of care, and to support the training of health professionals regarding lifestyle-based mental health care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wolfgang Marx
- Deakin University, Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation (IMPACT), Food & Mood Centre, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Geelong, Australia
| | - Sam H Manger
- College of Medicine and Dentistry, James Cook University, Queensland, Australia
- Australasian Society of Lifestyle Medicine, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Mark Blencowe
- Australasian Society of Lifestyle Medicine, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Greg Murray
- Centre for Mental Health, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Fiona Yan-Yee Ho
- Department of Psychology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Sharon Lawn
- Lived Experience Australia Ltd, Adelaide, Australia
- Flinders University, College of Medicine and Public Health, Adelaide, Australia
| | - James A. Blumenthal
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University Medical Center, Durham NC 27710
| | - Felipe Schuch
- Department of Sports Methods and Techniques, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Brendon Stubbs
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience (IoPPN), King's College London, London, UK
| | - Anu Ruusunen
- Deakin University, Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation (IMPACT), Food & Mood Centre, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Geelong, Australia
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Department of Psychiatry, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Hanna Demelash Desyibelew
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia
| | | | - Felice Jacka
- Deakin University, Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation (IMPACT), Food & Mood Centre, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Geelong, Australia
| | - Arun Ravindran
- Department of Psychiatry & Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Toronto. Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Canada
| | - Michael Berk
- Deakin University, Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation (IMPACT), Food & Mood Centre, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Geelong, Australia
| | - Adrienne O'Neil
- Deakin University, Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation (IMPACT), Food & Mood Centre, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Geelong, Australia
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10
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Xu M, Su S, Jiang S, Li W, Zhang Z, Zhang J, Hu X. Short-term arecoline exposure affected the systemic health state of mice, in which gut microbes played an important role. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2023; 259:115055. [PMID: 37224782 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.115055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Arecoline is a critical bioactive component in areca nuts with toxicity and pharmacological activities. However, its effects on body health remain unclear. Here, we investigated the effects of arecoline on physiologic and biochemical parameters in mouse serum, liver, brain, and intestine. The effect of arecoline on gut microbiota was investigated based on shotgun metagenomic sequencing. The results showed that arecoline promoted lipid metabolism in mice, manifested as significantly reduced serum TC and TG and liver TC levels and a reduction in abdominal fat accumulation. Arecoline intake significantly modulated the neurotransmitters 5-HT and NE levels in the brain. Notably, arecoline intervention significantly increased serum IL-6 and LPS levels, leading to inflammation in the body. High-dose arecoline significantly reduced liver GSH levels and increased MDA levels, which led to oxidative stress in the liver. Arecoline intake promoted the release of intestinal IL-6 and IL-1β, causing intestinal injury. In addition, we observed a significant response of gut microbiota to arecoline intake, reflecting significant changes in diversity and function of the gut microbes. Further mechanistic exploration suggested that arecoline intake can regulate gut microbes and ultimately affect the host's health. This study provided technical help for the pharmacochemical application and toxicity control of arecoline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Xu
- School of Food Science and Engineering, School of public administration, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Shunyong Su
- School of Food Science and Engineering, School of public administration, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Shuaiming Jiang
- School of Food Science and Engineering, School of public administration, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Wanggao Li
- School of Food Science and Engineering, School of public administration, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Zeng Zhang
- School of Food Science and Engineering, School of public administration, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Jiachao Zhang
- School of Food Science and Engineering, School of public administration, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China; One Health Institute, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China.
| | - Xiaosong Hu
- School of Food Science and Engineering, School of public administration, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China; College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China.
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11
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Kelly JR, Clarke G, Harkin A, Corr SC, Galvin S, Pradeep V, Cryan JF, O'Keane V, Dinan TG. Seeking the Psilocybiome: Psychedelics meet the microbiota-gut-brain axis. Int J Clin Health Psychol 2023; 23:100349. [PMID: 36605409 PMCID: PMC9791138 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijchp.2022.100349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Moving towards a systems psychiatry paradigm embraces the inherent complex interactions across all levels from micro to macro and necessitates an integrated approach to treatment. Cortical 5-HT2A receptors are key primary targets for the effects of serotonergic psychedelics. However, the therapeutic mechanisms underlying psychedelic therapy are complex and traverse molecular, cellular, and network levels, under the influence of biofeedback signals from the periphery and the environment. At the interface between the individual and the environment, the gut microbiome, via the gut-brain axis, plays an important role in the unconscious parallel processing systems regulating host neurophysiology. While psychedelic and microbial signalling systems operate over different timescales, the microbiota-gut-brain (MGB) axis, as a convergence hub between multiple biofeedback systems may play a role in the preparatory phase, the acute administration phase, and the integration phase of psychedelic therapy. In keeping with an interconnected systems-based approach, this review will discuss the gut microbiome and mycobiome and pathways of the MGB axis, and then explore the potential interaction between psychedelic therapy and the MGB axis and how this might influence mechanism of action and treatment response. Finally, we will discuss the possible implications for a precision medicine-based psychedelic therapy paradigm.
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Affiliation(s)
- John R. Kelly
- Department of Psychiatry, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland
- Tallaght University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Gerard Clarke
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioral Science, University College Cork, Ireland
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | | | - Sinead C. Corr
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- Department of Microbiology, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland
| | - Stephen Galvin
- Department of Psychiatry, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Vishnu Pradeep
- Department of Psychiatry, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland
- Tallaght University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - John F. Cryan
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioral Science, University College Cork, Ireland
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Veronica O'Keane
- Department of Psychiatry, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland
- Tallaght University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
- Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Ireland
| | - Timothy G. Dinan
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioral Science, University College Cork, Ireland
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
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12
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Spivak NM, Haroon J, Swenson A, Turnbull SA, Dang N, Ganeles M, Price C, Distler M, Nurmi E, Lavretsky H, Bystritsky A. Microbiome in Anxiety and Other Psychiatric Disorders. Med Clin North Am 2023; 107:73-83. [PMID: 36402501 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcna.2022.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Initial studies suggested that the fluctuations in the quantity, variety, and composition of the gut microbiota can significantly affect disease processes. This change in the gut microbiota causing negative health benefits was coined dysbiosis. Initial research focused on gastrointestinal illnesses. However, the gut microbiome was found to affect more than just gastrointestinal diseases. Numerous studies have proven that the gut microbiome can influence neuropsychiatric diseases such as Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, and multiple sclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norman M Spivak
- UCLA-Caltech Medical Scientist Training Program; Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, DGSOM, UCLA, 300 UCLA Medical Plaza, Suite 2200, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
| | - Jonathan Haroon
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, DGSOM, UCLA, 300 UCLA Medical Plaza, Suite 2200, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Andrew Swenson
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, DGSOM, UCLA, 300 UCLA Medical Plaza, Suite 2200, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Scott A Turnbull
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kirk Kerkorian SOM, UNLV, 4505 South Maryland Parkway, Las Vegas, NV 89154, USA
| | - Nolan Dang
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, DGSOM, UCLA, 300 UCLA Medical Plaza, Suite 2200, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Matthew Ganeles
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, UCLA, 300 UCLA Medical Plaza, Suite 2200, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Collin Price
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, DGSOM, UCLA, 300 UCLA Medical Plaza, Suite 2200, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Margaret Distler
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, DGSOM, UCLA, 300 UCLA Medical Plaza, Suite 2200, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Erika Nurmi
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, DGSOM, UCLA, 300 UCLA Medical Plaza, Suite 2200, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Helen Lavretsky
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, DGSOM, UCLA, 300 UCLA Medical Plaza, Suite 2200, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Alexander Bystritsky
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, DGSOM, UCLA, 300 UCLA Medical Plaza, Suite 2200, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
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13
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Davidson M, Rashidi N, Nurgali K, Apostolopoulos V. The Role of Tryptophan Metabolites in Neuropsychiatric Disorders. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23179968. [PMID: 36077360 PMCID: PMC9456464 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23179968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 08/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent decades, neuropsychiatric disorders such as major depressive disorder, schizophrenia, bipolar, etc., have become a global health concern, causing various detrimental influences on patients. Tryptophan is an important amino acid that plays an indisputable role in several physiological processes, including neuronal function and immunity. Tryptophan’s metabolism process in the human body occurs using different pathways, including the kynurenine and serotonin pathways. Furthermore, other biologically active components, such as serotonin, melatonin, and niacin, are by-products of Tryptophan pathways. Current evidence suggests that a functional imbalance in the synthesis of Tryptophan metabolites causes the appearance of pathophysiologic mechanisms that leads to various neuropsychiatric diseases. This review summarizes the pharmacological influences of tryptophan and its metabolites on the development of neuropsychiatric disorders. In addition, tryptophan and its metabolites quantification following the neurotransmitters precursor are highlighted. Eventually, the efficiency of various biomarkers such as inflammatory, protein, electrophysiological, genetic, and proteomic biomarkers in the diagnosis/treatment of neuropsychiatric disorders was discussed to understand the biomarker application in the detection/treatment of various diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Majid Davidson
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC 3011, Australia
- Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cells Program, Australian Institute of Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), Melbourne, VIC 3021, Australia
| | - Niloufar Rashidi
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC 3011, Australia
- Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cells Program, Australian Institute of Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), Melbourne, VIC 3021, Australia
| | - Kulmira Nurgali
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC 3011, Australia
- Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cells Program, Australian Institute of Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), Melbourne, VIC 3021, Australia
- Department of Medicine Western Health, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Vasso Apostolopoulos
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC 3011, Australia
- Immunology Program, Australian Institute of Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), Melbourne, VIC 3021, Australia
- Correspondence:
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14
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Liang W, Fu J, Tian X, Tian J, Yang Y, Fan W, Du Z, Jin Z. Physical Fitness and Dietary Intake Improve Mental Health in Chinese Adolescence Aged 12-13. Front Integr Neurosci 2022; 16:921605. [PMID: 35898442 PMCID: PMC9311423 DOI: 10.3389/fnint.2022.921605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Mental health has become a major public health issue worldwide. Biological and epidemiological studies have suggested that diet and physical fitness play a role in the prevention or cure of mental disorders. However, further research is required to elucidate the relationship between diet, physical fitness, and mental health. The study aims to provide a theoretical basis for promoting an adolescent healthy lifestyle and preventing mental problems by exploring the relationship between physical fitness, calcium intake, calorie intake, and adolescent mental health. Methods A cross-sectional study of a sample of adolescents (N = 253, 12-13 years) was conducted. The study involved adolescents from three middle schools in Central Jiangsu Province, including 136 boys and 117 girls. Weight, height, and body mass index were measured. Physical fitness was scored using the Chinese National Student Physical Fitness Standard. Diet data were collected using a weighed 7-day food diary to estimate energy intake and dietary calcium intake. The mental health status of the participants was assessed using the Chinese Middle School Student Mental Health Scale. A T-test and analysis of variance were used to analyze the differences of variables between different genders and body mass index, and Pearson correlation and stepwise multiple regression were used to explore the relationship between physical fitness, dietary intake, and mental health. Results The height (165.13 ± 8.07), weight (55.24 ± 13.00), and strength quality (64.93 ± 21.66) of boys are higher than those of girls (161.67 ± 6.44,48.99 ± 8.97, 58.40 ± 23.75, P < 0.05), and the flexibility quality (74.59 ± 14.75) of girls is higher than that of boys (68.30 ± 20.84) (P < 0.05). There were significant differences in the total scores of speed and physical fitness (F values were 4.02187.73, 3.07, 5.95, 10.33, and 9.52, respectively, P < 0.05). There was a significant positive correlation between calcium intake, cardiopulmonary fitness, and mental health (r = 0.276, P < 0.01; r = 0.159, P < 0.05). Calcium intake and cardiopulmonary fitness could explain 8.4% of the changes in the mental health of adolescents aged 12-13(ΔR2 = 0.084, P < 0.05). Conclusion Adequate calcium intake and the improvement of cardiopulmonary fitness in adolescents aged 12-13 are essential for the good development of their mental health. Future research in this field should examine the prospective associations between multiple measures of physical fitness composition and other nutrients ingested and mental health outcomes, as well as intervention studies that seek to provide evidence of causality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjie Liang
- College of Physical Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Jian Fu
- College of Physical Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Xin Tian
- College of Physical Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Jiaxue Tian
- College of Physical Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Yu Yang
- College of Physical Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Wencui Fan
- College of Physical Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Zijuan Du
- Xi’an International Studies University, Xi’an, China
| | - Zheyu Jin
- College of Physical Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
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15
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Cussotto S, Delgado I, Oriolo G, Kemper J, Begarie D, Dexpert S, Sauvant J, Leboyer M, Aouizerate B, Martin-Santos R, Schaefer M, Capuron L. Low omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids predict reduced response to standard antidepressants in patients with major depressive disorder. Depress Anxiety 2022; 39:407-418. [PMID: 35357051 DOI: 10.1002/da.23257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Revised: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Major depressive disorder (MDD) is characterized by a high rate of treatment resistance. Omega (ω)-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) were shown to correlate with depressive phenotype both in rodents and in humans. However, few studies to date have investigated the role of PUFAs in antidepressant response. The primary aim of this study was to assess the link between baseline PUFA composition and changes in depressive symptoms as well as antidepressant response in a multicenter study of depressed patients. METHODS Sixty depressed adults who met criteria for MDD according to DSM-IV-TR were recruited. Neuropsychiatric evaluations occurred at baseline and after 4 and 8 weeks of treatment with standard antidepressants, including escitalopram (N = 45), sertraline (N = 13) and venlafaxine (N = 2). At study endpoint, patients were stratified into responders (R) or non-responders (NR) based on their MADRS (Montgomery-Åsberg Depression Rating Scale) score. Baseline PUFA levels were assessed and their association with clinical response was determined. RESULTS Lower ω-3 PUFA levels were associated to worse baseline symptomatology. Baseline levels of PUFAs were significantly different between R and NR, with R exhibiting lower docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and ω-3 index; and higher ω-6/ω-3 ratio than NR before the start of antidepressant treatment. DHA levels as well as the ω-3 index and ω-6/ω-3 ratio significantly predicted response to antidepressants at study endpoint. CONCLUSIONS These results show that baseline levels of PUFAs predict later response to standard antidepressants in depressed subjects. They suggest that PUFA intake and/or metabolism represent a novel modifiable tool for the management of unresponsive depressed patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Cussotto
- University of Bordeaux, INRAE, Bordeaux INP, NutriNeuro, UMR 1286, Bordeaux, France
| | - Inês Delgado
- University of Bordeaux, INRAE, Bordeaux INP, NutriNeuro, UMR 1286, Bordeaux, France
| | - Giovanni Oriolo
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Hospital Clinic, IDIBAPS, CIBERSAM, Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Medicine, Institute of Neuroscience, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jonas Kemper
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy, Psychosomatics, and Addiction Medicine, Evang. Kliniken Essen-Mitte, Essen, Germany
| | - Diane Begarie
- Departement de Biologie, École Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon I, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Sandra Dexpert
- University of Bordeaux, INRAE, Bordeaux INP, NutriNeuro, UMR 1286, Bordeaux, France
| | - Julie Sauvant
- University of Bordeaux, INRAE, Bordeaux INP, NutriNeuro, UMR 1286, Bordeaux, France
| | - Marion Leboyer
- INSERM, U955, Translational Neuro-Psychiatry lab, Institut Mondor de Recherche Biomédicale, Créteil, France.,AP-HP, Département Universitaire d'Addictologie et Psychiatrie des Hôpitaux Henri Mondor University Hospital, Université Paris Est Créteil, Créteil, France
| | - Bruno Aouizerate
- University of Bordeaux, INRAE, Bordeaux INP, NutriNeuro, UMR 1286, Bordeaux, France.,CH Charles Perrens, Pôle de Psychiatrie Générale et Universitaire, Centre de référence régional des pathologies anxieuses et dépressives, Bordeaux, France
| | - Rocío Martin-Santos
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Hospital Clinic, IDIBAPS, CIBERSAM, Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Medicine, Institute of Neuroscience, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Martin Schaefer
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy, Psychosomatics, and Addiction Medicine, Evang. Kliniken Essen-Mitte, Essen, Germany.,Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Lucile Capuron
- University of Bordeaux, INRAE, Bordeaux INP, NutriNeuro, UMR 1286, Bordeaux, France
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16
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Martín-Peláez S, Serra-Majem L, Cano-Ibáñez N, Martínez-González MÁ, Salas-Salvadó J, Corella D, Lassale C, Martínez JA, Alonso-Gómez ÁM, Wärnberg J, Vioque J, Romaguera D, López-Miranda J, Estruch R, Tinahones FJ, Lapetra J, Fernández-Aranda F, Bueno-Cavanillas A, Tur JA, Martín V, Pintó X, Delgado-Rodríguez M, Matía P, Vidal J, Vázquez C, Daimiel L, Ros E, Toledo E, Nishi SK, Sorli JV, Malcampo M, Zulet MÁ, Moreno-Rodríguez A, Cueto-Galán R, Vivancos-Aparicio D, Colom A, García-Ríos A, Casas R, Bernal-López MR, Santos-Lozano JM, Vázquez Z, Gómez-Martínez C, Ortega-Azorín C, del Val JL, Abete I, Goikoetxea-Bahon A, Pascual E, Becerra-Tomás N, Chillarón JJ, Sánchez-Villegas A. Contribution of cardio-vascular risk factors to depressive status in the PREDIMED-PLUS Trial. A cross-sectional and a 2-year longitudinal study. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0265079. [PMID: 35417452 PMCID: PMC9007355 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0265079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 02/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardio-vascular disease and depression are thought to be closely related, due to shared risk factors. The aim of the study was to determine the association between cardio-vascular risk (CVR) factors and depressive status in a population (55-75 years) with metabolic syndrome (MetS) from the PREDIMED-Plus trial. METHODS AND FINDINGS Participants were classified into three groups of CVR according to the Framingham-based REGICOR function: (1) low (LR), (2) medium (MR) or (3) high/very high (HR). The Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II) was used to assess depressive symptoms at baseline and after 2 years. The association between CVR and depressive status at baseline (n = 6545), and their changes after 2 years (n = 4566) were evaluated through multivariable regression models (logistic and linear models). HR women showed higher odds of depressive status than LR [OR (95% CI) = 1.78 (1.26, 2.50)]. MR and HR participants with total cholesterol <160 mg/mL showed higher odds of depression than LR [OR (95% CI) = 1.77 (1.13, 2.77) and 2.83 (1.25, 6.42) respectively)] but those with total cholesterol ≥280 mg/mL showed lower odds of depression than LR [OR (95% CI) = 0.26 (0.07, 0.98) and 0.23 (0.05, 0.95), respectively]. All participants decreased their BDI-II score after 2 years, being the decrease smaller in MR and HR diabetic compared to LR [adjusted mean±SE = -0.52±0.20, -0.41±0.27 and -1.25±0.31 respectively). MR and HR participants with total cholesterol between 240-279 mg/mL showed greater decreases in the BDI-II score compared to LR (adjusted mean±SE = -0.83±0.37, -0.77±0.64 and 0.97±0.52 respectively). CONCLUSIONS Improving cardiovascular health could prevent the onset of depression in the elderly. Diabetes and total cholesterol in individuals at high CVR, may play a specific role in the precise response. International Standard Randomized Controlled Trial (ISRCTN89898870).
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Martín-Peláez
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs.GRANADA), Granada, Spain
- * E-mail:
| | - Lluis Serra-Majem
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences (IUIBS), University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Naomi Cano-Ibáñez
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs.GRANADA), Granada, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel Ángel Martínez-González
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, IdiSNA, University of Navarre, Pamplona, Spain
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Jordi Salas-Salvadó
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Unitat de Nutrició Humana. Reus, Spain
- University Hospital of Sant Joan de Reus, Nutrition Unit, Reus, Spain
- Institut d’Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), Reus, Spain
| | - Dolores Corella
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Camille Lassale
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Unit of Cardiovascular Risk and Nutrition, Institut Hospital del mar de Investigaciones Médicas Municipal d’Investigació Médica (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jose Alfredo Martínez
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences and Physiology, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- Precision Nutrition Program, IMDEA Food, CEI UAM + CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ángel M. Alonso-Gómez
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Bioaraba Health Research Institute, Cardiovascular, Respiratory and Metabolic Area; Osakidetza Basque Health Service, Araba University Hospital; University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Julia Wärnberg
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Nursing, School of Health Sciences. University of Malaga- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Málaga, Spain
| | - Jesús Vioque
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica de Alicante, ISABIAL-UMH. Alicante, Spain
| | - Dora Romaguera
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - José López-Miranda
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Lipids and Atherosclerosis Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Córdoba (IMIBIC), Reina Sofía University Hospital, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Ramón Estruch
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Internal Medicine, Institut dÌnvestigacions Biomèdiques August Pi Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Francisco J. Tinahones
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Virgen de la Victoria Hospital, Department of Endocrinology, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA). University of Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - José Lapetra
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Family Medicine, Research Unit, Distrito Sanitario Atención Primaria Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Fernando Fernández-Aranda
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences (IUIBS), University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Aurora Bueno-Cavanillas
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs.GRANADA), Granada, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Josep A. Tur
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), Palma de Mallorca, Spain
- Research Group on Community Nutrition & Oxidative Stress, University of Balearic Islands, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Vicente Martín
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Institute of Biomedicine (IBIOMED), University of León, León, Spain
| | - Xavier Pintó
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Lipids and Vascular Risk Unit, Internal Medicine, Hospital Universitario de Bellvitge, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Miguel Delgado-Rodríguez
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs.GRANADA), Granada, Spain
- Center for Advanced Studies in Olive Grove and Olive Oils, University of Jaén, Jaén, Spain
| | - Pilar Matía
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Josep Vidal
- CIBER Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Endocrinology, Institut dÌnvestigacions Biomèdiques August Pi Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Clotilde Vázquez
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Hospital Fundación Jiménez-Díaz, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas IISFJD. University Autónoma, Madrid, Spain
| | - Lidia Daimiel
- Nutritional Genomics and Epigenomics Group, IMDEA Food, CEI UAM + CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Emili Ros
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Lipid Clinic, Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Institut d’Investigació Biomédiques August Pi Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Hospital Clinic, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Estefanía Toledo
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, IdiSNA, University of Navarre, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Stephanie K. Nishi
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Unitat de Nutrició Humana. Reus, Spain
- University Hospital of Sant Joan de Reus, Nutrition Unit, Reus, Spain
- Institut d’Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), Reus, Spain
| | - Jose V. Sorli
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Mireia Malcampo
- Unit of Cardiovascular Risk and Nutrition, Institut Hospital del mar de Investigaciones Médicas Municipal d’Investigació Médica (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain
| | - M. Ángeles Zulet
- Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences and Physiology, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Anaí Moreno-Rodríguez
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Bioaraba Health Research Institute, Cardiovascular, Respiratory and Metabolic Area; Osakidetza Basque Health Service, Araba University Hospital; University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Raquel Cueto-Galán
- Department of Nursing, School of Health Sciences. University of Malaga- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Málaga, Spain
| | | | - Antoni Colom
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Antonio García-Ríos
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Lipids and Atherosclerosis Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Córdoba (IMIBIC), Reina Sofía University Hospital, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Rosa Casas
- Department of Internal Medicine, Institut dÌnvestigacions Biomèdiques August Pi Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - M Rosa Bernal-López
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Virgen de la Victoria Hospital, Department of Endocrinology, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA). University of Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Jose Manuel Santos-Lozano
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Family Medicine, Research Unit, Distrito Sanitario Atención Primaria Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Zenaida Vázquez
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, IdiSNA, University of Navarre, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Carlos Gómez-Martínez
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Unitat de Nutrició Humana. Reus, Spain
- University Hospital of Sant Joan de Reus, Nutrition Unit, Reus, Spain
- Institut d’Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), Reus, Spain
| | | | - Jose Luís del Val
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Unit of Cardiovascular Risk and Nutrition, Institut Hospital del mar de Investigaciones Médicas Municipal d’Investigació Médica (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Itziar Abete
- Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences and Physiology, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Amaia Goikoetxea-Bahon
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Bioaraba Health Research Institute, Cardiovascular, Respiratory and Metabolic Area; Osakidetza Basque Health Service, Araba University Hospital; University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Elena Pascual
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, IdiSNA, University of Navarre, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Nerea Becerra-Tomás
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Unitat de Nutrició Humana. Reus, Spain
- University Hospital of Sant Joan de Reus, Nutrition Unit, Reus, Spain
- Institut d’Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), Reus, Spain
| | - Juan J. Chillarón
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Unit of Cardiovascular Risk and Nutrition, Institut Hospital del mar de Investigaciones Médicas Municipal d’Investigació Médica (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Almudena Sánchez-Villegas
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences (IUIBS), University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
- Institute for Innovation & Sustainable Development in Food Chain. Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA), IdisNA, Pamplona, Spain
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17
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Supplementation with milk fat globule membrane from early life reduces maternal separation-induced visceral pain independent of enteric nervous system or intestinal permeability changes in the rat. Neuropharmacology 2022; 210:109026. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2022.109026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 01/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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18
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Chang L, Wei Y, Hashimoto K. Brain Research Bulletin: Special Issue: Brain–body communication in health and diseases, Brain–gut–microbiota axis in depression: A historical overview and future directions. Brain Res Bull 2022; 182:44-56. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2022.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Revised: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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19
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Eating and nutrition links to cancer. Cancer 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-323-91904-3.00008-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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20
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Audet MC. Beyond the neuro-immune interplay in depression: Could gut microbes be the missing link? Brain Behav Immun Health 2021; 16:100308. [PMID: 34589800 PMCID: PMC8474680 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbih.2021.100308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2021] [Revised: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidence have positioned inflammatory signaling pathways as crucial routes by which microbes inhabiting the gastrointestinal tract (the gut microbiota) communicate with the host brain to influence behavior, with impacts on mental illnesses. In this short review, an overview of inflammatory and gut microbiota status in human depression and in rodent models of the illness are provided. Next, potential inflammatory pathways mediating the communications between the gut and the brain under stressful conditions are described. Finally, dietary interventions targeting the gut microbiota-immune-brain axis in the context of depression are briefly discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Claude Audet
- School of Nutrition Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.,The Royal's Institute of Mental Health Research, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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21
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Shin JH, Kim CS, Cha L, Kim S, Lee S, Chae S, Chun WY, Shin DM. Consumption of 85% cocoa dark chocolate improves mood in association with gut microbial changes in healthy adults: a randomized controlled trial. J Nutr Biochem 2021; 99:108854. [PMID: 34530112 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2021.108854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Revised: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Dark chocolate has long been recognized for its mood-altering properties; however, the evidence regarding the emotional effects of daily dark chocolate intake is limited. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the effects of dark chocolate intake on mood in everyday life, with special emphasis on the gut-brain axis. Two different dark chocolates (85% and 70% cocoa content) were tested in this study. In a randomized controlled trial, healthy adults (20-30 y) consumed either 30 g/d of 85% cocoa chocolate (DC85, n=18); 70% cocoa chocolate (DC70, n=16); or no chocolate (control group, CON; n=14); for 3 weeks. Mood states were measured using the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS). Daily consumption of dark chocolate significantly reduced negative affect in DC85, but not in DC70. To assess the association between the mood-altering effects of dark chocolate and the gut microbiota, we performed fecal 16S rRNA sequencing analysis for the DC85 and CON groups. Gut microbial diversity was significantly higher in DC85 than CON (P<.05). Blautia obeum levels were significantly elevated and Faecalibacterium prausnitzii levels were reduced in DC85 compared to CON (P<.05). Furthermore, we found that the observed changes in negative affect scores were negatively correlated with diversity and relative abundance of Blautia obeum (P<.05). These findings indicate that dark chocolate exerts prebiotic effects, as evidenced by its ability to restructure the diversity and abundance of intestinal bacteria; thus, it may improve negative emotional states via the gut-brain axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Hee Shin
- Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Human Ecology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Research Group of Healthcare, Korea Food Research Institute, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Chong-Su Kim
- Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Human Ecology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Lina Cha
- Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Human Ecology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sojeong Kim
- Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Human Ecology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seokoh Lee
- Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Human Ecology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Suyeon Chae
- Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Human Ecology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Woo Young Chun
- Department of Psychology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.
| | - Dong-Mi Shin
- Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Human Ecology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Research Institution of Human Ecology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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22
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Eustis SJ, McCall MW, Murphy EA, Wirth MD. Association Between Gastrointestinal Symptoms and Depression in a Representative Sample of Adults in the United States: Findings From National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2005-2016). J Acad Consult Liaison Psychiatry 2021; 63:268-279. [PMID: 34461293 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaclp.2021.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2021] [Revised: 08/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The microbiome's role in the etiology of depression has been a topic of many recent investigations. Findings suggest that dysbiosis, which describes a general disturbance in the gut microbiome, underlies negative gastrointestinal symptoms and is implicated in depression. We studied associations between gastrointestinal symptoms and depressive symptoms at a population level using cross-sectional data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2005-2016, n = 36,287). We hypothesized that the odds of depressive symptoms would be significantly higher in those showing signs of gastrointestinal distress. METHODS We analyzed 31,191 adults participating in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey from 2005-2016. Outcomes included presence of mucus or liquid in bowel leakage and stomach illness in the past month, diarrhea in the past year, and number of weekly bowel movements. The survey (and thus, our analyses) does not include microbiome samples, only self-reported gastrointestinal symptoms. Depressive symptoms were measured using the Patient Health Questionnaire. Moderate, moderately severe, and severe scores were coded as a positive outcome. RESULTS Compared to those without depressive symptoms, those with moderate-to-severe depressive symptoms had elevated odds of bowel mucus (odds ratio = 2.78; 95% confidence interval = 1.82-4.24), bowel liquid (odds ratio = 2.16; 95% confidence interval = 1.63-2.86), stomach illness (odds ratio = 1.82; 95% confidence interval = 1.31-2.53), diarrhea (sometimes vs. never odds ratio = 1.72; 95% confidence interval = 1.30-2.29), and constipation (sometimes vs. never odds ratio = 2.76; 95% confidence interval = 2.11-3.62). Overall, those with gastrointestinal symptoms were significantly more likely to have depressive symptoms. CONCLUSIONS While the intricacies of the brain-gut axis are being investigated at the molecular level, these population data provide further evidence for the association between depressive symptoms and signs of dysbiosis, which may inform health care providers' patient interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Michael W McCall
- Department of Psychology, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC
| | - E Angela Murphy
- Departments of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC
| | - Michael D Wirth
- Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA; College of Nursing, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC
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23
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The Relationship between Adherence to the Mediterranean Diet, Intake of Specific Foods and Depression in an Adult Population (45-75 Years) in Primary Health Care. A Cross-Sectional Descriptive Study. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13082724. [PMID: 34444884 PMCID: PMC8399773 DOI: 10.3390/nu13082724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Revised: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: The relationship between the quality of the diet and the adherence to the Mediterranean diet with the presence of persistent or recurrent depressive symptoms have been described. The objective of this study is to analyze the relationship between adherence to the Mediterranean diet and the intake of specific foods in primary care patients aged 45 to 75, having subclinical or major depression. The study also specifically analyzes this relationship in individuals suffering from chronic diseases. Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted. 3062 subjects met the inclusion criteria from the EIRA study. Sociodemographic variables, clinical morbidity, depression symptomatology (PHQ-9) and adherence to Mediterranean diet (MEDAS) were collected. Results: Being female, younger, with a higher BMI, consuming more than 1 serving of red meat a day and drinking more than one carbonated or sugary drink daily, not consuming 3 servings of nuts a week and not eating 2 vegetables cooked in olive oil a week are predictors of having higher depressive symptomatology. Conclusions: Assessing the type of diet of patients presenting depressive symptoms and promoting adherence to a healthy diet is important, especially in patients with chronic diseases. However, depression is a very complex issue and the relationship between nutrition and depression must be further examined.
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24
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Berding K, Vlckova K, Marx W, Schellekens H, Stanton C, Clarke G, Jacka F, Dinan TG, Cryan JF. Diet and the Microbiota-Gut-Brain Axis: Sowing the Seeds of Good Mental Health. Adv Nutr 2021; 12:1239-1285. [PMID: 33693453 PMCID: PMC8321864 DOI: 10.1093/advances/nmaa181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Revised: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the past decade, the gut microbiota has emerged as a key component in regulating brain processes and behavior. Diet is one of the major factors involved in shaping the gut microbiota composition across the lifespan. However, whether and how diet can affect the brain via its effects on the microbiota is only now beginning to receive attention. Several mechanisms for gut-to-brain communication have been identified, including microbial metabolites, immune, neuronal, and metabolic pathways, some of which could be prone to dietary modulation. Animal studies investigating the potential of nutritional interventions on the microbiota-gut-brain axis have led to advancements in our understanding of the role of diet in this bidirectional communication. In this review, we summarize the current state of the literature triangulating diet, microbiota, and host behavior/brain processes and discuss potential underlying mechanisms. Additionally, determinants of the responsiveness to a dietary intervention and evidence for the microbiota as an underlying modulator of the effect of diet on brain health are outlined. In particular, we emphasize the understudied use of whole-dietary approaches in this endeavor and the need for greater evidence from clinical populations. While promising results are reported, additional data, specifically from clinical cohorts, are required to provide evidence-based recommendations for the development of microbiota-targeted, whole-dietary strategies to improve brain and mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Wolfgang Marx
- Deakin University, iMPACT – the Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, Food & Mood Centre, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Geelong, VIC,Australia
| | - Harriet Schellekens
- APC Microbiome Ireland, Cork, Ireland
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Catherine Stanton
- APC Microbiome Ireland, Cork, Ireland
- Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, Cork, Ireland
| | - Gerard Clarke
- APC Microbiome Ireland, Cork, Ireland
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioural Sciences, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Felice Jacka
- Deakin University, iMPACT – the Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, Food & Mood Centre, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Geelong, VIC,Australia
- Centre for Adolescent Health, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Black Dog Institute, Randwick, NSW, Australia
- College of Public Health, Medical & Veterinary Sciences, James Cook University, Douglas, QLD, Australia
| | - Timothy G Dinan
- APC Microbiome Ireland, Cork, Ireland
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioural Sciences, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - John F Cryan
- APC Microbiome Ireland, Cork, Ireland
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
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25
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Bastiaanssen TFS, Cussotto S, Claesson MJ, Clarke G, Dinan TG, Cryan JF. Gutted! Unraveling the Role of the Microbiome in Major Depressive Disorder. Harv Rev Psychiatry 2021; 28:26-39. [PMID: 31913980 PMCID: PMC7012351 DOI: 10.1097/hrp.0000000000000243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Microorganisms can be found in virtually any environment. In humans, the largest collection of microorganisms is found in the gut ecosystem. The adult gut microbiome consists of more genes than its human host and typically spans more than 60 genera from across the taxonomic tree. In addition, the gut contains the largest number of neurons in the body, after the brain. In recent years, it has become clear that the gut microbiome is in communication with the brain, through the gut-brain axis. A growing body of literature shows that the gut microbiome plays a shaping role in a variety of psychiatric disorders, including major depressive disorder (MDD). In this review, the interplay between the microbiome and MDD is discussed in three facets. First, we discuss factors that affect the onset/development of MDD that also greatly impinge on the composition of the gut microbiota-especially diet and stressful life events. We then examine the interplay between the microbiota and MDD. We examine evidence suggesting that the microbiota is altered in MDD, and we discuss why the microbiota should be considered during MDD treatment. Finally, we look toward the future and examine how the microbiota might become a therapeutic target for MDD. This review is intended to introduce those familiar with the neurological and psychiatric aspects of MDD to the microbiome and its potential role in the disorder. Although research is in its very early days, with much yet to be the understood, the microbiome is offering new avenues for developing potentially novel strategies for managing MDD.
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26
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Offor SJ, Orish CN, Frazzoli C, Orisakwe OE. Augmenting Clinical Interventions in Psychiatric Disorders: Systematic Review and Update on Nutrition. Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:565583. [PMID: 34025465 PMCID: PMC8131505 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.565583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
There is a strong relationship between a healthy diet and mental well-being. Several foods and food compounds are known to modulate biomarkers and molecular mechanisms involved in the aetiogenesis of several mental disorders, and this can be useful in containing the disease progression, including its prophylaxis. This is an updated systematic review of the literature to justify the inclusion and recognition of nutrition in the management of psychiatric illnesses. Such foods and their compounds include dietary flavanols from fruits and vegetables, notable antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agents, probiotics (fermented foods) known to protect good gut bacteria, foods rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids (e.g., Omega-3), and avoiding diets high in saturated fats and refined sugars among others. While the exact mechanism(s) of mitigation of many nutritional interventions are yet to be fully understood, the evidence-based approach warrants the inclusion and co-recognition of nutrition in the management of psychiatric illnesses. For the greater public health benefit, there is a need for policy advocacy aimed at bridging the knowledge gap and encouraging the integration of nutritional intervention with contemporary therapies in clinical settings, as deficiencies of certain nutrients make therapy difficult even with appropriate medication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel J. Offor
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Uyo, Uyo, Nigeria
| | - Chinna N. Orish
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of Port Harcourt, Port Harcourt, Nigeria
| | - Chiara Frazzoli
- Department of Cardiovascular and Endocrine-Metabolic Diseases, and Aging, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Orish E. Orisakwe
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology & Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Port Harcourt, Port Harcourt, Nigeria
- African Centre of Excellence for Public Health and Toxicological Research (ACE-PUTOR), University of Port Harcourt, Port Harcourt, Nigeria
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27
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Association between Fruit and Vegetable Intakes and Mental Health in the Australian Diabetes Obesity and Lifestyle Cohort. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13051447. [PMID: 33923358 PMCID: PMC8146262 DOI: 10.3390/nu13051447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Revised: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing prevalence of mental health disorders within the Australian population is a serious public health issue. Adequate intake of fruits and vegetables (FV), dietary fibre (DF) and resistant starch (RS) is associated with better mental and physical health. Few longitudinal studies exist exploring the temporal relationship. Using a validated food frequency questionnaire, we examined baseline FV intakes of 5845 Australian adults from the AusDiab study and estimated food group-derived DF and RS using data from the literature. Perceived mental health was assessed at baseline and 5 year follow up using SF-36 mental component summary scores (MCS). We conducted baseline cross-sectional analysis and prospective analysis of baseline dietary intake with perceived mental health at 5 years. Higher baseline FV and FV-derived DF and RS intakes were associated with better 5 year MCS (p < 0.001). A higher FV intake (754 g/d vs. 251 g/d, Q4 vs. Q1) at baseline had 41% lower odds (OR = 0.59: 95% CI 0.46–0.75) of MCS below population average (<47) at 5 year follow up. Findings were similar for FV-derived DF and RS. An inverse association was observed with discretionary food-derived DF and RS. This demonstrates the association between higher intakes of FV and FV-derived DF and RS with better 5 year mental health outcomes. Further RCTs are necessary to understand mechanisms that underlie this association including elucidation of causal effects.
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28
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Requena T, Velasco M. The human microbiome in sickness and in health. Rev Clin Esp 2021; 221:233-240. [PMID: 31522775 DOI: 10.1016/j.rce.2019.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The study of the human microbiome has led to an exceptional increase in the current understanding of the importance of microbiota for health throughout all stages of life. Human microbial colonization occurs in the skin, genitourinary system and, mainly, in the oral cavity and intestinal tract. In these locations, the human microbiota establishes a symbiotic relationship with the host and helps maintain the physiological homeostasis. Lifestyle, age, diet and use of antibiotics are the main regulators of the composition and functionality of human microbiota. Recent studies have indicated the reduction in microbial diversity as one of the contributors to the development of diseases. In addition to phylogenetic diversity studies, further metagenomic studies are needed at the functional level of the human microbiome to improve our understanding of its involvement in human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Requena
- Departamento de Biotecnología y Microbiología de Alimentos, Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Alimentación (CIAL-CSIC), Madrid, España.
| | - M Velasco
- Sección de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Medicina Interna, Hospital Universitario Fundación Alcorcón, Alcorcón, España
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29
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Margolis KG, Cryan JF, Mayer EA. The Microbiota-Gut-Brain Axis: From Motility to Mood. Gastroenterology 2021; 160:1486-1501. [PMID: 33493503 PMCID: PMC8634751 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2020.10.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 346] [Impact Index Per Article: 115.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Revised: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The gut-brain axis plays an important role in maintaining homeostasis. Many intrinsic and extrinsic factors influence signaling along this axis, modulating the function of both the enteric and central nervous systems. More recently the role of the microbiome as an important factor in modulating gut-brain signaling has emerged and the concept of a microbiota-gut-brain axis has been established. In this review, we highlight the role of this axis in modulating enteric and central nervous system function and how this may impact disorders such as irritable bowel syndrome and disorders of mood and affect. We examine the overlapping biological constructs that underpin these disorders with a special emphasis on the neurotransmitter serotonin, which plays a key role in both the gastrointestinal tract and in the brain. Overall, it is clear that although animal studies have shown much promise, more progress is necessary before these findings can be translated for diagnostic and therapeutic benefit in patient populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kara G. Margolis
- Department of Pediatrics, Morgan Stanley Children’s Hospital, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY,Corresponding author:
| | - John F. Cryan
- Department of Anatomy & Neuroscience, University College Cork, Ireland, APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Ireland
| | - Emeran A. Mayer
- G. Oppenheimer Center for Neurobiology of Stress and Resilience, Vachte and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California
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Berding K, Carbia C, Cryan JF. Going with the grain: Fiber, cognition, and the microbiota-gut-brain-axis. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2021; 246:796-811. [PMID: 33641478 PMCID: PMC8719029 DOI: 10.1177/1535370221995785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Healthy dietary intake has been acknowledged for decades as one of the main contributors to health. More recently, the field of nutritional psychiatry has progressed our understanding regarding the importance of nutrition in supporting mental health and cognitive function. Thereby, individual nutrients, including omega-3 fatty acids and polyphenols, have been recognized to be key drivers in this relationship. With the progress in appreciating the influence of dietary fiber on health, increasingly research is focusing on deciphering its role in brain processes. However, while the importance of dietary fiber in gastrointestinal and metabolic health is well established, leading to the development of associated health claims, the evidence is not conclusive enough to support similar claims regarding cognitive function. Albeit the increasing knowledge of the impact of dietary fiber on mental health, only a few human studies have begun to shed light onto the underexplored connection between dietary fiber and cognition. Moreover, the microbiota-gut-brain axis has emerged as a key conduit for the effects of nutrition on the brain, especially fibers, that are acted on by specific bacteria to produce a variety of health-promoting metabolites. These metabolites (including short chain fatty acids) as well as the vagus nerve, the immune system, gut hormones, or the kynurenine pathway have been proposed as underlying mechanisms of the microbiota-brain crosstalk. In this minireview, we summarize the evidence available from human studies on the association between dietary fiber intake and cognitive function. We provide an overview of potential underlying mechanisms and discuss remaining questions that need to be answered in future studies. While this field is moving at a fast pace and holds promise for future important discoveries, especially data from human cohorts are required to further our understanding and drive the development of public health recommendations regarding dietary fiber in brain health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirsten Berding
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork T12 YT20, Ireland
| | - Carina Carbia
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork T12 YT20, Ireland
| | - John F Cryan
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork T12 YT20, Ireland
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork T12 YT20, Ireland
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31
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Déséquilibre du microbiote intestinal et troubles dépressifs. ACTUALITES PHARMACEUTIQUES 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.actpha.2021.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Kris-Etherton PM, Petersen KS, Hibbeln JR, Hurley D, Kolick V, Peoples S, Rodriguez N, Woodward-Lopez G. Nutrition and behavioral health disorders: depression and anxiety. Nutr Rev 2021; 79:247-260. [PMID: 32447382 PMCID: PMC8453603 DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuaa025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Suboptimal nutrition has been implicated in the underlying pathology of behavioral health disorders and may impede treatment and recovery. Thus, optimizing nutritional status should be a treatment for these disorders and is likely important for prevention. The purpose of this narrative review is to describe the global burden and features of depression and anxiety, and summarize recent evidence regarding the role of diet and nutrition in the prevention and management of depression and anxiety. Current evidence suggests that healthy eating patterns that meet food-based dietary recommendations and nutrient requirements may assist in the prevention and treatment of depression and anxiety. Randomized controlled trials are needed to better understand how diet and nutrition-related biological mechanisms affect behavioral health disorders, to assist with the development of effective evidence-based nutrition interventions, to reduce the impact of these disorders, and promote well-being for affected individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Penny M Kris-Etherton
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Kristina S Petersen
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Joseph R Hibbeln
- National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland, USA
| | | | - Valerie Kolick
- Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, Rockville, Maryland, USA
| | - Sevetra Peoples
- Milken Institute School of Public Health, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Nancy Rodriguez
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, USA
| | - Gail Woodward-Lopez
- Nutrition Policy Institute, University of California, Agriculture and Natural Resources, Berkeley, California, USA
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Gut-brain axis: A matter of concern in neuropsychiatric disorders…! Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2021; 104:110051. [PMID: 32758517 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2020.110051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Revised: 07/25/2020] [Accepted: 07/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The gut microbiota is composed of a large number of microbes, usually regarded as commensal bacteria. It has become gradually clear that gastrointestinal microbiota affects gut pathophysiology and the central nervous system (CNS) function by modulating the signaling pathways of the microbiota-gut-brain (MGB) axis. This bidirectional MGB axis communication primarily acts through neuroendocrine, neuroimmune, and autonomic nervous systems (ANS) mechanisms. Accumulating evidence reveals that gut microbiota interacts with the host brain, and its modulation may play a critical role in the pathology of neuropsychiatric disorders. Recently, neuroscience research has established the significance of gut microbiota in the development of brain systems that are essential to stress-related behaviors, including depression and anxiety. Application of modulators of the MGB, such as psychobiotics (e.g., probiotics), prebiotics, and specific diets, may be a promising therapeutic approach for neuropsychiatric disorders. The present review article primarily focuses on the relevant features of the disturbances of the MGB axis in the pathophysiology of neuropsychiatric disorders and its potential mechanisms.
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Berding K, Long-Smith CM, Carbia C, Bastiaanssen TFS, van de Wouw M, Wiley N, Strain CR, Fouhy F, Stanton C, Cryan JF, Dinan TG. A specific dietary fibre supplementation improves cognitive performance-an exploratory randomised, placebo-controlled, crossover study. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2021; 238:149-163. [PMID: 32951067 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-020-05665-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE The impact of the microbiota on the gut-brain axis is increasingly appreciated. A growing body of literature demonstrates that use of dietary fibre and prebiotics can manipulate the microbiota and affect host health. However, the influence on cognition and acute stress response is less well understood. OBJECTIVES The objective of this study was to investigate the efficacy of a dietary fibre, polydextrose (PDX), in improving cognitive performance and acute stress responses through manipulation of the gut microbiota in a healthy population. METHODS In this double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled, crossover design study, 18 healthy female participants received 12.5 g Litesse®Ultra (> 90% PDX polymer) or maltodextrin for 4 weeks. Cognitive performance, mood, acute stress responses, microbiota composition, and inflammatory markers were assessed pre- and post-intervention. RESULTS PDX improved cognitive flexibility as evidenced by the decrease in the number of errors made in the Intra-Extra Dimensional Set Shift (IED) task. A better performance in sustained attention was observed through higher number of correct responses and rejections in the Rapid Visual Information Processing (RVP) task. Although there was no change in microbial diversity, abundance of Ruminiclostridium 5 significantly increased after PDX supplementation compared with placebo. PDX supplementation attenuated the increase of adhesion receptor CD62L on classical monocytes observed in the placebo group. CONCLUSIONS Supplementation with the PDX resulted in a modest improvement in cognitive performance. The results indicate that PDX could benefit gut-to-brain communication and modulate behavioural responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirsten Berding
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | | | - Carina Carbia
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Thomaz F S Bastiaanssen
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | | | - Niamh Wiley
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioural Sciences, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- Teagsac Food Research Centre, Moorepark Fermoy, County Cork, Ireland
| | - Conall R Strain
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- Teagsac Food Research Centre, Moorepark Fermoy, County Cork, Ireland
| | - Fiona Fouhy
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- Teagsac Food Research Centre, Moorepark Fermoy, County Cork, Ireland
| | - Catherine Stanton
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioural Sciences, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- Teagsac Food Research Centre, Moorepark Fermoy, County Cork, Ireland
| | - John F Cryan
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.
| | - Timothy G Dinan
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioural Sciences, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
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Marx W, Lane M, Hockey M, Aslam H, Berk M, Walder K, Borsini A, Firth J, Pariante CM, Berding K, Cryan JF, Clarke G, Craig JM, Su KP, Mischoulon D, Gomez-Pinilla F, Foster JA, Cani PD, Thuret S, Staudacher HM, Sánchez-Villegas A, Arshad H, Akbaraly T, O'Neil A, Segasby T, Jacka FN. Diet and depression: exploring the biological mechanisms of action. Mol Psychiatry 2021; 26:134-150. [PMID: 33144709 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-020-00925-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 256] [Impact Index Per Article: 85.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Revised: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The field of nutritional psychiatry has generated observational and efficacy data supporting a role for healthy dietary patterns in depression onset and symptom management. To guide future clinical trials and targeted dietary therapies, this review provides an overview of what is currently known regarding underlying mechanisms of action by which diet may influence mental and brain health. The mechanisms of action associating diet with health outcomes are complex, multifaceted, interacting, and not restricted to any one biological pathway. Numerous pathways were identified through which diet could plausibly affect mental health. These include modulation of pathways involved in inflammation, oxidative stress, epigenetics, mitochondrial dysfunction, the gut microbiota, tryptophan-kynurenine metabolism, the HPA axis, neurogenesis and BDNF, epigenetics, and obesity. However, the nascent nature of the nutritional psychiatry field to date means that the existing literature identified in this review is largely comprised of preclinical animal studies. To fully identify and elucidate complex mechanisms of action, intervention studies that assess markers related to these pathways within clinically diagnosed human populations are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wolfgang Marx
- Deakin University, IMPACT (the Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation), Food & Mood Centre, Geelong, VIC, Australia.
| | - Melissa Lane
- Deakin University, IMPACT (the Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation), Food & Mood Centre, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Meghan Hockey
- Deakin University, IMPACT (the Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation), Food & Mood Centre, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Hajara Aslam
- Deakin University, IMPACT (the Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation), Food & Mood Centre, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Michael Berk
- Deakin University, IMPACT (the Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation), Food & Mood Centre, Geelong, VIC, Australia
- Orygen, The National Centre of Excellence in Youth Mental Health, Centre for Youth Mental Health, Florey Institute for Neuroscience and Mental Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Ken Walder
- Deakin University, IMPACT (the Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation), Metabolic Research Unit, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Alessandra Borsini
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Joseph Firth
- Division of Psychology and Mental Health, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- NICM Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Westmead, NSW, Australia
| | - Carmine M Pariante
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Kirsten Berding
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - John F Cryan
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Gerard Clarke
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioural Science, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- INFANT Research Centre, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Jeffrey M Craig
- Deakin University, IMPACT (the Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation), Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Kuan-Pin Su
- Departments of Psychiatry and Mind-Body Interface Laboratory (MBI-Lab), China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- An-Nan Hospital, China Medical University, Tainan, Taiwan
- College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - David Mischoulon
- Department of Psychiatry, Depression Clinical and Research Program, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Fernando Gomez-Pinilla
- Departments of Neurosurgery and Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jane A Foster
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Patrice D Cani
- UCLouvain, Université catholique de Louvain, WELBIO-Walloon Excellence in Life Sciences and BIOtechnology, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Metabolism and Nutrition Research Group, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Sandrine Thuret
- Basic and Clinical Neuroscience Department, Institute of Psychiatry Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Heidi M Staudacher
- Deakin University, IMPACT (the Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation), Food & Mood Centre, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Almudena Sánchez-Villegas
- Nutrition Research Group, Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Gran Canaria, Spain
- Biomedical Research Center Network on Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERobn) Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Husnain Arshad
- Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, Inserm, CESP, "DevPsy", 94807, Villejuif, France
| | - Tasnime Akbaraly
- Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, Inserm, CESP, "DevPsy", 94807, Villejuif, France
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Adrienne O'Neil
- Deakin University, IMPACT (the Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation), Food & Mood Centre, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Toby Segasby
- Basic and Clinical Neuroscience Department, Institute of Psychiatry Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Felice N Jacka
- Deakin University, IMPACT (the Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation), Food & Mood Centre, Geelong, VIC, Australia
- Centre for Adolescent Health, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Black Dog Institute, Randwick, NSW, Australia
- James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, Australia
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Cabral LQT, Ximenez JA, Moreno KGT, Fernandes R. Probiotics have minimal effects on appetite-related hormones in overweight or obese individuals: A systematic review of randomized controlled trials. Clin Nutr 2020; 40:1776-1787. [PMID: 33143930 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2020.10.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Revised: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Overweight and obese individuals show changes in mechanisms related to appetite due to several factors, including excess fat and gut microbiota imbalance. Probiotics have been presented as a strategy for modulating gut microbiota and regulating these mechanisms. The aim of this systematic review was to assess the effects of probiotics on appetite-related hormones in overweight or obese individuals. METHODS A systematic review of randomized controlled trials was performed in nine electronic databases (Pubmed, Scopus, Web of Science, Cochrane Controlled Register of Trials, ProQuest Dissertations and Theses, PsycINFO, WHO International Clinical Trials Registry Platform, ClinicalTrials.gov and Open Grey) and in a manual search of studies until March 20, 2020. The risk of bias of each study was appraised using the RoB 2.0 tool. All research stages were carefully based on PRISMA recommendations. RESULTS Twenty-four studies (1587 participants) were included in this systematic review. The outcomes related to appetite assessed in the included studies were: leptin, insulin, adiponectin, resistin, nesfatin-1, adropin, omentin-1, GLP-1, GLP-2 and glucagon. Compared to the control group after supplementation, four studies involving 272 participants reported statistically significant reduction in fasting insulin. On the other hand, one study involving 56 participants reported statistically significant increase in adropin and omentin-1. CONCLUSIONS Probiotics have minimal effects on appetite-related hormones in overweight or obese individuals. However, knowledge in this area is progressing and further studies with a low risk of bias may help to clarify the role of probiotics in appetite control.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Karyne Garcia Tafarelo Moreno
- Post-Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Federal University of Grande Dourados, Brazil.
| | - Ricardo Fernandes
- Post-Graduate Program in Food, Nutrition and Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Federal University of Grande Dourados, Brazil.
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Moreno-Arribas MV, Bartolomé B, Peñalvo JL, Pérez-Matute P, Motilva MJ. Relationship between Wine Consumption, Diet and Microbiome Modulation in Alzheimer's Disease. Nutrients 2020; 12:E3082. [PMID: 33050383 PMCID: PMC7600228 DOI: 10.3390/nu12103082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Revised: 10/03/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder leading to the most common form of dementia in elderly people. Modifiable dietary and lifestyle factors could either accelerate or ameliorate the aging process and the risk of developing AD and other age-related morbidities. Emerging evidence also reports a potential link between oral and gut microbiota alterations and AD. Dietary polyphenols, in particular wine polyphenols, are a major diver of oral and gut microbiota composition and function. Consequently, wine polyphenols health effects, mediated as a function of the individual's oral and gut microbiome are considered one of the recent greatest challenges in the field of neurodegenerative diseases as a promising strategy to prevent or slow down AD progression. This review highlights current knowledge on the link of oral and intestinal microbiome and the interaction between wine polyphenols and microbiota in the context of AD. Furthermore, the extent to which mechanisms bacteria and polyphenols and its microbial metabolites exert their action on communication pathways between the brain and the microbiota, as well as the impact of the molecular mediators to these interactions on AD patients, are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Victoria Moreno-Arribas
- Institute of Food Science Research (CIAL), CSIC-UAM, c/Nicolás Cabrera 9, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Begoña Bartolomé
- Institute of Food Science Research (CIAL), CSIC-UAM, c/Nicolás Cabrera 9, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain;
| | - José L. Peñalvo
- Institute of Tropical Medicine, Unit Noncommunicable Diseases, Natl Str 155, B-2000 Antwerp, Belgium;
| | | | - Maria José Motilva
- Institute of Grapevine and Wine Sciences (ICVV), CSIC-University of La Rioja-Government of La Rioja, Autovía del Camino de Santiago LO-20 Exit 13, 26007 Logroño, Spain;
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Ekstrand B, Scheers N, Rasmussen MK, Young JF, Ross AB, Landberg R. Brain foods - the role of diet in brain performance and health. Nutr Rev 2020; 79:693-708. [PMID: 32989449 DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuaa091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The performance of the human brain is based on an interplay between the inherited genotype and external environmental factors, including diet. Food and nutrition, essential in maintenance of brain performance, also aid in prevention and treatment of mental disorders. Both the overall composition of the human diet and specific dietary components have been shown to have an impact on brain function in various experimental models and epidemiological studies. This narrative review provides an overview of the role of diet in 5 key areas of brain function related to mental health and performance, including: (1) brain development, (2) signaling networks and neurotransmitters in the brain, (3) cognition and memory, (4) the balance between protein formation and degradation, and (5) deteriorative effects due to chronic inflammatory processes. Finally, the role of diet in epigenetic regulation of brain physiology is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Ekstrand
- Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Food and Nutrition Science, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Nathalie Scheers
- Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Food and Nutrition Science, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | | | | | - Alastair B Ross
- Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Food and Nutrition Science, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden.,AgResearch, Lincoln, New Zealand
| | - Rikard Landberg
- Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Food and Nutrition Science, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
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Scarmozzino F, Poli A, Visioli F. Microbiota and cardiovascular disease risk: A scoping review. Pharmacol Res 2020; 159:104952. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2020.104952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Revised: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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40
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Guo Y, Bian X, Liu J, Zhu M, Li L, Yao T, Tang C, Ravichandran V, Liao P, Papadimitriou K, Yin J. Dietary Components, Microbial Metabolites and Human Health: Reading between the Lines. Foods 2020; 9:E1045. [PMID: 32756378 PMCID: PMC7466307 DOI: 10.3390/foods9081045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Revised: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Trillions of bacteria reside in the human gut and they metabolize dietary substances to obtain nutrients and energy while producing metabolites. Therefore, different dietary components could affect human health in various ways through microbial metabolism. Many such metabolites have been shown to affect human physiological activities, including short-chain fatty acids metabolized from carbohydrates; indole, kynurenic acid and para-cresol, metabolized from amino acids; conjugated linoleic acid and linoleic acid, metabolized from lipids. Here, we review the features of these metabolites and summarize the possible molecular mechanisms of their metabolisms by gut microbiota. We discuss the potential roles of these metabolites in health and diseases, and the interactions between host metabolism and the gut microbiota. We also show some of the major dietary patterns around the world and hope this review can provide insights into our eating habits and improve consumers' health conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Guo
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Function and Regulation, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410006, China; (Y.G.); (X.B.); (J.L.); (M.Z.); (L.L.); (T.Y.); (C.T.)
- Hunan International Joint Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Ecology and Health, College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410006, China
| | - Xiaohan Bian
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Function and Regulation, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410006, China; (Y.G.); (X.B.); (J.L.); (M.Z.); (L.L.); (T.Y.); (C.T.)
- Hunan International Joint Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Ecology and Health, College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410006, China
| | - Jiali Liu
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Function and Regulation, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410006, China; (Y.G.); (X.B.); (J.L.); (M.Z.); (L.L.); (T.Y.); (C.T.)
- Hunan International Joint Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Ecology and Health, College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410006, China
| | - Ming Zhu
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Function and Regulation, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410006, China; (Y.G.); (X.B.); (J.L.); (M.Z.); (L.L.); (T.Y.); (C.T.)
| | - Lin Li
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Function and Regulation, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410006, China; (Y.G.); (X.B.); (J.L.); (M.Z.); (L.L.); (T.Y.); (C.T.)
| | - Tingyu Yao
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Function and Regulation, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410006, China; (Y.G.); (X.B.); (J.L.); (M.Z.); (L.L.); (T.Y.); (C.T.)
| | - Congjia Tang
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Function and Regulation, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410006, China; (Y.G.); (X.B.); (J.L.); (M.Z.); (L.L.); (T.Y.); (C.T.)
| | - Vinothkannan Ravichandran
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University–Helmholtz Institute of Biotechnology, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China;
| | - Peng Liao
- Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China;
| | - Konstantinos Papadimitriou
- Department of Food Science and Technology, School of Agriculture and Food, University of Peloponnese, 22131 Antikalamos, Greece;
| | - Jia Yin
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Function and Regulation, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410006, China; (Y.G.); (X.B.); (J.L.); (M.Z.); (L.L.); (T.Y.); (C.T.)
- Hunan International Joint Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Ecology and Health, College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410006, China
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Donoso F, Egerton S, Bastiaanssen TFS, Fitzgerald P, Gite S, Fouhy F, Ross RP, Stanton C, Dinan TG, Cryan JF. Polyphenols selectively reverse early-life stress-induced behavioural, neurochemical and microbiota changes in the rat. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2020; 116:104673. [PMID: 32334345 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2020.104673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Revised: 02/07/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
There is a growing emphasis on the role of the microbiota-gut-brain axis as modulator of host behaviour and as therapeutic target for neuropsychiatric disorders. In addition, accumulating evidence suggests that early-life stress can exert long-lasting changes on the brain and microbiota, and this early adversity is associated with increased risk for developing depression in later life. The maternal separation (MS) model in rats is a robust paradigm to study the effects of early-life stress on the microbiota-gut-brain axis. Recently, we have shown that polyphenols, naturally occurring compounds associated with several health benefits, have anti-stress effects in in vitro models. In this study, we assess the therapeutic potential of a variety of both flavonoid and non-flavonoid polyphenols in reversing the impact of MS on behaviour and the microbiota-gut-brain axis. Rats underwent a dietary intervention with the naturally-derived polyphenols xanthohumol and quercetin, as well as with a phlorotannin extract for 8 weeks. Treatment with polyphenols prevented the depressive- and anxiety-like behaviours induced by MS, where xanthohumol effects were correlated with rescue of BDNF plasma levels. In addition, MS resulted in altered brain levels of 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA) and dopamine, accompanied by abnormal elevation of plasma corticosterone. Although polyphenols did not reverse neurotransmitter imbalance, xanthohumol normalised corticosterone levels in MS rats. Finally, we explored the impact of MS and polyphenolic diets on the gut microbiota. We observed profound changes in microbial composition and diversity produced by MS condition and by xanthohumol treatment. Moreover, functional prediction analysis revealed that MS results in altered enrichment of pathways associated with microbiota-brain interactions that are significantly reversed by xanthohumol treatment. These results suggest that naturally-derived polyphenols exert antidepressant-like effects in MS rats, which mechanisms could be potentially mediated by HPA regulation, BDNF levels rescue and modulation of the microbiota-gut-brain axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Donoso
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Psychiatry & Neurobehavioural Science, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Sian Egerton
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, Co. Cork, Ireland; School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Science, University College, Cork, Ireland
| | - Thomaz F S Bastiaanssen
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Anatomy & Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Patrick Fitzgerald
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Anatomy & Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Snehal Gite
- Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, Co. Cork, Ireland
| | - Fiona Fouhy
- Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, Co. Cork, Ireland
| | - R Paul Ross
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Catherine Stanton
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, Co. Cork, Ireland
| | - Timothy G Dinan
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Psychiatry & Neurobehavioural Science, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - John F Cryan
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Anatomy & Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy G. Dinan
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland,Department of Psychiatry, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - John F. Cryan
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland,Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
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43
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The human microbiome in sickness and in health. Rev Clin Esp 2020; 221:233-240. [PMID: 33998505 DOI: 10.1016/j.rceng.2019.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The study of the human microbiome has led to an exceptional increase in the current understanding of the importance of microbiota for health throughout all stages of life. Human microbial colonization occurs in the skin, genitourinary system and, mainly, in the oral cavity and intestinal tract. In these locations, the human microbiota establishes a symbiotic relationship with the host and helps maintain physiological homeostasis. Lifestyle, age, diet and use of antibiotics are the main regulators of the composition and functionality of human microbiota. Recent studies have indicated the reduction in microbial diversity as one of the contributors to the development of diseases. In addition to phylogenetic diversity studies, further metagenomic studies are needed at the functional level of the human microbiome to improve our understanding of its involvement in human health.
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Inta D, Wölnerhanssen BK, Meyer-Gerspach AC, Lang E, Schweinfurth N, Mallien AS, Vasilescu AN, Schmidt A, Rea K, Westendorf AM, Tremblay MÈ, Sartorius A, Gass P, Cryan JF, Borgwardt S, Lang UE. Common Pathways in Depression and Obesity: The Role of Gut Microbiome and Diets. Curr Behav Neurosci Rep 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s40473-020-00199-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Cryan JF, O'Riordan KJ, Cowan CSM, Sandhu KV, Bastiaanssen TFS, Boehme M, Codagnone MG, Cussotto S, Fulling C, Golubeva AV, Guzzetta KE, Jaggar M, Long-Smith CM, Lyte JM, Martin JA, Molinero-Perez A, Moloney G, Morelli E, Morillas E, O'Connor R, Cruz-Pereira JS, Peterson VL, Rea K, Ritz NL, Sherwin E, Spichak S, Teichman EM, van de Wouw M, Ventura-Silva AP, Wallace-Fitzsimons SE, Hyland N, Clarke G, Dinan TG. The Microbiota-Gut-Brain Axis. Physiol Rev 2019; 99:1877-2013. [DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00018.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1243] [Impact Index Per Article: 248.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The importance of the gut-brain axis in maintaining homeostasis has long been appreciated. However, the past 15 yr have seen the emergence of the microbiota (the trillions of microorganisms within and on our bodies) as one of the key regulators of gut-brain function and has led to the appreciation of the importance of a distinct microbiota-gut-brain axis. This axis is gaining ever more traction in fields investigating the biological and physiological basis of psychiatric, neurodevelopmental, age-related, and neurodegenerative disorders. The microbiota and the brain communicate with each other via various routes including the immune system, tryptophan metabolism, the vagus nerve and the enteric nervous system, involving microbial metabolites such as short-chain fatty acids, branched chain amino acids, and peptidoglycans. Many factors can influence microbiota composition in early life, including infection, mode of birth delivery, use of antibiotic medications, the nature of nutritional provision, environmental stressors, and host genetics. At the other extreme of life, microbial diversity diminishes with aging. Stress, in particular, can significantly impact the microbiota-gut-brain axis at all stages of life. Much recent work has implicated the gut microbiota in many conditions including autism, anxiety, obesity, schizophrenia, Parkinson’s disease, and Alzheimer’s disease. Animal models have been paramount in linking the regulation of fundamental neural processes, such as neurogenesis and myelination, to microbiome activation of microglia. Moreover, translational human studies are ongoing and will greatly enhance the field. Future studies will focus on understanding the mechanisms underlying the microbiota-gut-brain axis and attempt to elucidate microbial-based intervention and therapeutic strategies for neuropsychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- John F. Cryan
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioural Science, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; and Department of Physiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Kenneth J. O'Riordan
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioural Science, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; and Department of Physiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Caitlin S. M. Cowan
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioural Science, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; and Department of Physiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Kiran V. Sandhu
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioural Science, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; and Department of Physiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Thomaz F. S. Bastiaanssen
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioural Science, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; and Department of Physiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Marcus Boehme
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioural Science, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; and Department of Physiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Martin G. Codagnone
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioural Science, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; and Department of Physiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Sofia Cussotto
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioural Science, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; and Department of Physiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Christine Fulling
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioural Science, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; and Department of Physiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Anna V. Golubeva
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioural Science, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; and Department of Physiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Katherine E. Guzzetta
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioural Science, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; and Department of Physiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Minal Jaggar
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioural Science, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; and Department of Physiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Caitriona M. Long-Smith
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioural Science, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; and Department of Physiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Joshua M. Lyte
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioural Science, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; and Department of Physiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Jason A. Martin
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioural Science, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; and Department of Physiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Alicia Molinero-Perez
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioural Science, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; and Department of Physiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Gerard Moloney
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioural Science, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; and Department of Physiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Emanuela Morelli
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioural Science, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; and Department of Physiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Enrique Morillas
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioural Science, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; and Department of Physiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Rory O'Connor
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioural Science, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; and Department of Physiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Joana S. Cruz-Pereira
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioural Science, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; and Department of Physiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Veronica L. Peterson
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioural Science, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; and Department of Physiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Kieran Rea
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioural Science, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; and Department of Physiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Nathaniel L. Ritz
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioural Science, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; and Department of Physiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Eoin Sherwin
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioural Science, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; and Department of Physiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Simon Spichak
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioural Science, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; and Department of Physiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Emily M. Teichman
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioural Science, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; and Department of Physiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Marcel van de Wouw
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioural Science, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; and Department of Physiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Ana Paula Ventura-Silva
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioural Science, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; and Department of Physiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Shauna E. Wallace-Fitzsimons
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioural Science, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; and Department of Physiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Niall Hyland
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioural Science, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; and Department of Physiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Gerard Clarke
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioural Science, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; and Department of Physiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Timothy G. Dinan
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioural Science, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; and Department of Physiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
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Hase T, Shishido S, Yamamoto S, Yamashita R, Nukima H, Taira S, Toyoda T, Abe K, Hamaguchi T, Ono K, Noguchi-Shinohara M, Yamada M, Kobayashi S. Rosmarinic acid suppresses Alzheimer's disease development by reducing amyloid β aggregation by increasing monoamine secretion. Sci Rep 2019; 9:8711. [PMID: 31213631 PMCID: PMC6581955 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-45168-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
A new mechanism is revealed by which a polyphenol, rosmarinic acid (RA), suppresses amyloid β (Aβ) accumulation in mice. Here we examined the brains of mice (Alzheimer's disease model) using DNA microarray analysis and revealed that the dopamine (DA)-signaling pathway was enhanced in the group fed RA versus controls. In the cerebral cortex, the levels of monoamines, such as norepinephrine, 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid, DA, and levodopa, increased after RA feeding. The expression of DA-degrading enzymes, such as monoamine oxidase B (Maob), was significantly downregulated in the substantia nigra and ventral tegmental area, both DA synthesis regions. Following in vitro studies showing that monoamines inhibited Aβ aggregation, this in vivo study, in which RA intake increased concentration of monoamine by reducing Maob gene expression, builds on that knowledge by demonstrating that monoamines suppress Aβ aggregation. In conclusion, RA-initiated monoamine increase in the brain may beneficially act against AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoki Hase
- Research Center for Food Safety, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan
| | - Syun Shishido
- Research Center for Food Safety, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan
| | - So Yamamoto
- Research Center for Food Safety, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan
| | - Rei Yamashita
- Research Center for Food Safety, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan
| | - Haruka Nukima
- Research Center for Food Safety, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan
| | - Shu Taira
- Faculty of Food and Agricultural Sciences, Fukushima University, Kanayagawa, Fukushima, 960-1248, Japan
| | - Tsudoi Toyoda
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan
| | - Keiko Abe
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan
- Group of Food Functionality Assessment, Kanagawa Institute of Industrial Science and Technology, Life Science Environment Research Center, Tonomachi, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, 210-0821, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Hamaguchi
- Department of Neurology and Neurobiology of Aging, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Takara-machi, Kanazawa, 920-8640, Japan
| | - Kenjiro Ono
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, Showa University School of Medicine, Hatano-dai, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, 142-8666, Japan
| | - Moeko Noguchi-Shinohara
- Department of Neurology and Neurobiology of Aging, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Takara-machi, Kanazawa, 920-8640, Japan
| | - Masahito Yamada
- Department of Neurology and Neurobiology of Aging, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Takara-machi, Kanazawa, 920-8640, Japan
| | - Shoko Kobayashi
- Research Center for Food Safety, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan.
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