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Wu B, Liu Y, Li H, Zhu L, Zeng L, Zhang Z, Peng W. Liver as a new target organ in Alzheimer's disease: insight from cholesterol metabolism and its role in amyloid-beta clearance. Neural Regen Res 2025; 20:695-714. [PMID: 38886936 PMCID: PMC11433892 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.391305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease, the primary cause of dementia, is characterized by neuropathologies, such as amyloid plaques, synaptic and neuronal degeneration, and neurofibrillary tangles. Although amyloid plaques are the primary characteristic of Alzheimer's disease in the central nervous system and peripheral organs, targeting amyloid-beta clearance in the central nervous system has shown limited clinical efficacy in Alzheimer's disease treatment. Metabolic abnormalities are commonly observed in patients with Alzheimer's disease. The liver is the primary peripheral organ involved in amyloid-beta metabolism, playing a crucial role in the pathophysiology of Alzheimer's disease. Notably, impaired cholesterol metabolism in the liver may exacerbate the development of Alzheimer's disease. In this review, we explore the underlying causes of Alzheimer's disease and elucidate the role of the liver in amyloid-beta clearance and cholesterol metabolism. Furthermore, we propose that restoring normal cholesterol metabolism in the liver could represent a promising therapeutic strategy for addressing Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beibei Wu
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese & Western Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Yuqing Liu
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese & Western Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Hongli Li
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese & Western Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Lemei Zhu
- Academician Workstation, Changsha Medical University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Lingfeng Zeng
- Academician Workstation, Changsha Medical University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Zhen Zhang
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese & Western Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
- Yangsheng College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, Guizhou Province, China
- Qinhuangdao Shanhaiguan Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Qinhuangdao, Hebei Province, China
| | - Weijun Peng
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese & Western Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorder, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
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2
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Chakravorty S, Archana, Lakshmi G, Solanki PR, Kumar A. Trimethylamine N-oxide detection by electrochemical sensor based on screen printed electrode modified with molecularly imprinted polypyrrole-molybdenum(III) sulfide nanosheets. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2024; 244:114164. [PMID: 39180990 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2024.114164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2024] [Revised: 08/12/2024] [Accepted: 08/13/2024] [Indexed: 08/27/2024]
Abstract
Trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) is a gut metabolite produced by dietary L-carnitine and choline metabolism. Its altered level in the serum has been implicated in human health and diseases such as colorectal cancer, chronic kidney diseases, cardiovascular diseases, etc. Early detection of TMAO in body fluids has been presumed to be significant in understanding the pathogenesis and treatment of many diseases. Hence, developing reliable and rapid technologies for its detection may augment our understanding of pathogenesis and diagnosis of diseases. Hence, in the present work, polypyrrole (Ppy)@molybdenum(III)sulfide (Mo2S3) nanosheets (NS) composite molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) (Ppy@Mo2S3-MIP) based electrochemical sensor has been fabricated for the detection of TMAO. Polypyrrole (Ppy) and Mo2S3 NS have been synthesized by chemical oxidative polymerization and hydrothermal techniques, respectively. The synthesized nanocomposite has been validated using different techniques such as X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The fabricated Ppy@Mo2S3-MIP sensor showed a linear detection range from 30 µM to 210 µM, a sensitivity of 1.21 μA μM-1 cm-2 and a limit of detection as 1.4 μM for the detection of TMAO and found more robust and improved when compared with Ppy-MIP using identical parameters. The fabricated sensor is also highly selective towards TMAO. It can be further used to detect TMAO in human samples such as urine quickly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shreeti Chakravorty
- Nano-bio Laboratory, Special Center for Nanoscience, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Archana
- Nano-bio Laboratory, Special Center for Nanoscience, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Gbvs Lakshmi
- Nano-bio Laboratory, Special Center for Nanoscience, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Pratima R Solanki
- Nano-bio Laboratory, Special Center for Nanoscience, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Anil Kumar
- National Institute of Immunology, New Delhi 110067, India.
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Mansour H, Slika H, Nasser SA, Pintus G, Khachab M, Sahebkar A, Eid AH. Flavonoids, gut microbiota and cardiovascular disease: Dynamics and interplay. Pharmacol Res 2024; 209:107452. [PMID: 39383791 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2024.107452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2024] [Revised: 09/11/2024] [Accepted: 10/04/2024] [Indexed: 10/11/2024]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains the leading cause of global morbidity and mortality. Extensive efforts have been invested to explicate mechanisms implicated in the onset and progression of CVD. Besides the usual suspects as risk factors (obesity, diabetes, and others), the gut microbiome has emerged as a prominent and essential factor in the pathogenesis of CVD. With its endocrine-like effects, the microbiome modulates many physiologic processes. As such, it is not surprising that dysbiosis-by generating metabolites, inciting inflammation, and altering secondary bile acid signaling- could predispose to or aggravate CVD. Nevertheless, various natural and synthetic compounds have been shown to modulate the microbiome. Prime among these molecules are flavonoids, which are natural polyphenols mainly present in fruits and vegetables. Accumulating evidence supports the potential of flavonoids in attenuating the development of CVD. The ascribed mechanisms of these compounds appear to involve mitigation of inflammation, alteration of the microbiome composition, enhancement of barrier integrity, induction of reverse cholesterol transport, and activation of farnesoid X receptor signaling. In this review, we critically appraise the methods by which the gut microbiome, despite being essential to the human body, predisposes to CVD. Moreover, we dissect the mechanisms and pathways underlying the cardioprotective effects of flavonoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hadi Mansour
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Hasan Slika
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | - Gianfranco Pintus
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari 07100, Italy
| | - Maha Khachab
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Sciences, University of Balamand, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Center for Global Health Research, Saveetha Medical College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, India; Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Ali H Eid
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar.
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Yadav S, Sapra L, Srivastava RK. Polysaccharides to postbiotics: Nurturing bone health via modulating "gut-immune axis". Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 278:134655. [PMID: 39128750 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.134655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Revised: 08/06/2024] [Accepted: 08/08/2024] [Indexed: 08/13/2024]
Abstract
The increasing prevalence of individuals affected by bone pathologies globally has sparked catastrophic concerns. Ankylosing spondylitis, osteoporosis, rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, and fractures alone impact an estimated 1.71 billion people worldwide. The gut microbiota plays a crucial role in interacting with the host through the synthesis of a diverse range of metabolites called gut-associated metabolites (GAMs), which originate from external dietary substrates or endogenous host compounds. Many metabolic disorders have been linked to alterations in the gut microbiota's activity and composition. The development of metabolic illnesses has been linked to certain microbiota-derived metabolites, such as branched-chain amino acids, bile acids, short-chain fatty acids, tryptophan, trimethylamine N-oxide, and indole derivatives. Moreover, the modulation of gut microbiota through biotics (prebiotics, probiotics and postbiotics) presents a promising avenue for therapeutic intervention. Biotics selectively promote the growth of beneficial gut bacteria, thereby enhancing the production of GAMs with potential beneficial effects on bone metabolism. Understanding the intricate interplay between GAMs, and bone-associated genes through molecular informatics holds significant promise for early diagnosis, prognosis, and novel treatment strategies for various bone disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumedha Yadav
- Translational Immunology, Osteoimmunology & Immunoporosis Lab (TIOIL), Department of Biotechnology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi 110029, India
| | - Leena Sapra
- Translational Immunology, Osteoimmunology & Immunoporosis Lab (TIOIL), Department of Biotechnology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi 110029, India
| | - Rupesh K Srivastava
- Translational Immunology, Osteoimmunology & Immunoporosis Lab (TIOIL), Department of Biotechnology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi 110029, India.
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Khuu MP, Paeslack N, Dremova O, Benakis C, Kiouptsi K, Reinhardt C. The gut microbiota in thrombosis. Nat Rev Cardiol 2024:10.1038/s41569-024-01070-6. [PMID: 39289543 DOI: 10.1038/s41569-024-01070-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/01/2024] [Indexed: 09/19/2024]
Abstract
The gut microbiota has emerged as an environmental risk factor that affects thrombotic phenotypes in several cardiovascular diseases. Evidence includes the identification of marker species by sequencing studies of the gut microbiomes of patients with thrombotic disease, the influence of antithrombotic therapies on gut microbial diversity, and preclinical studies in mouse models of thrombosis that have demonstrated the functional effects of the gut microbiota on vascular inflammatory phenotypes and thrombus formation. In addition to impaired gut barrier function promoting low-grade inflammation, gut microbiota-derived metabolites have been shown to act on vascular cell types and promote thrombus formation. Therefore, these meta-organismal pathways that link the metabolic capacities of gut microorganisms with host immune functions have emerged as potential diagnostic markers and novel drug targets. In this Review, we discuss the link between the gut microbiota, its metabolites and thromboembolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- My Phung Khuu
- Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (CTH), University Medical Center Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Nadja Paeslack
- Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (CTH), University Medical Center Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Olga Dremova
- Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (CTH), University Medical Center Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Corinne Benakis
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Klytaimnistra Kiouptsi
- Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (CTH), University Medical Center Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Rhine-Main, Mainz, Germany
| | - Christoph Reinhardt
- Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (CTH), University Medical Center Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany.
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Rhine-Main, Mainz, Germany.
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Garcia-Fernandez H, Alcala-Diaz JF, Quintana-Navarro GM, Lopez-Moreno J, Luque-Cordoba D, Ruiz-Diaz Narvaez E, Arenas-de Larriva AP, Gutierrez-Mariscal FM, Torres-Peña JD, Rodriguez-Cano D, Luque RM, Priego-Capote F, Lopez-Miranda J, Camargo A. Trimethylamine Oxidation into the Proatherogenic Trimethylamine N-Oxide Is Higher in Coronary Heart Disease Men: From the CORDIOPREV Study. World J Mens Health 2024; 42:42.e81. [PMID: 39344118 DOI: 10.5534/wjmh.230366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Revised: 06/20/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 10/01/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is more prevalent in men than women, but the mechanisms responsible for this are not fully understood. We aimed to evaluate differences in trimethylamine (TMA), a microbial metabolite and its oxidized form, trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO), which is thought to promote atherosclerosis, between men and women with coronary heart disease (CHD), using as a reference a non-CVD population. MATERIALS AND METHODS This study was carried out within the framework of the CORDIOPREV study (NCT00924937; June 19, 2009), a clinical trial which included 827 men and 175 women with CHD, with a non-CVD population of 375 individuals (270 men and 105 women) as a reference group. Plasma TMA and TMAO were measured by HPLC-MS/MS. The carotid study was ultrasonically assessed bilaterally by the quantification of intima-media thickness of both common carotid arteries (IMT-CC). RESULTS We found higher TMAO levels and TMAO/TMA ratio in CHD men than CHD women (p=0.034 and p=0.026, respectively). No TMA sex differences were found in CHD patients. The TMA and TMAO levels and TMAO/TMA ratio were lower, and no differences between sexes were found in the non-CVD population. TMAO levels in CHD patients were consistent with higher IMT-CC and more carotid plaques (p=0.032 and p=0.037, respectively) and lower cholesterol efflux in CHD men than CHD women (p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that CHD men have augmented TMAO levels compared with CHD women, presumably as a consequence of higher rate of TMA to TMAO oxidation, which could be associated with CVD, as these sex differences are not observed in a non-CVD population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena Garcia-Fernandez
- Lipids and Atherosclerosis Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Reina Sofía University Hospital, Cordoba, Spain
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain
- Maimonides Institute for Biomedical Research in Cordoba (IMIBIC), Cordoba, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatologia Obesidad y Nutricion (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan F Alcala-Diaz
- Lipids and Atherosclerosis Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Reina Sofía University Hospital, Cordoba, Spain
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain
- Maimonides Institute for Biomedical Research in Cordoba (IMIBIC), Cordoba, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatologia Obesidad y Nutricion (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Gracia M Quintana-Navarro
- Lipids and Atherosclerosis Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Reina Sofía University Hospital, Cordoba, Spain
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain
- Maimonides Institute for Biomedical Research in Cordoba (IMIBIC), Cordoba, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatologia Obesidad y Nutricion (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Lopez-Moreno
- Lipids and Atherosclerosis Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Reina Sofía University Hospital, Cordoba, Spain
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain
- Maimonides Institute for Biomedical Research in Cordoba (IMIBIC), Cordoba, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatologia Obesidad y Nutricion (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Diego Luque-Cordoba
- Maimonides Institute for Biomedical Research in Cordoba (IMIBIC), Cordoba, Spain
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Nanochemistry University Institute, University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain
- CIBER de Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Eugenia Ruiz-Diaz Narvaez
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Diet Therapy, Clinics Hospital, Faculty of Medical Sciences, National University of Asuncion, San Lorenzo, Paraguay
| | - Antonio P Arenas-de Larriva
- Lipids and Atherosclerosis Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Reina Sofía University Hospital, Cordoba, Spain
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain
- Maimonides Institute for Biomedical Research in Cordoba (IMIBIC), Cordoba, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatologia Obesidad y Nutricion (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco M Gutierrez-Mariscal
- Lipids and Atherosclerosis Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Reina Sofía University Hospital, Cordoba, Spain
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain
- Maimonides Institute for Biomedical Research in Cordoba (IMIBIC), Cordoba, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatologia Obesidad y Nutricion (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jose D Torres-Peña
- Lipids and Atherosclerosis Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Reina Sofía University Hospital, Cordoba, Spain
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain
- Maimonides Institute for Biomedical Research in Cordoba (IMIBIC), Cordoba, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatologia Obesidad y Nutricion (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Raul M Luque
- Maimonides Institute for Biomedical Research in Cordoba (IMIBIC), Cordoba, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatologia Obesidad y Nutricion (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology, and Immunology, University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain
| | - Feliciano Priego-Capote
- Maimonides Institute for Biomedical Research in Cordoba (IMIBIC), Cordoba, Spain
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Nanochemistry University Institute, University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology, and Immunology, University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain
| | - Jose Lopez-Miranda
- Lipids and Atherosclerosis Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Reina Sofía University Hospital, Cordoba, Spain
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain
- Maimonides Institute for Biomedical Research in Cordoba (IMIBIC), Cordoba, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatologia Obesidad y Nutricion (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Antonio Camargo
- Lipids and Atherosclerosis Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Reina Sofía University Hospital, Cordoba, Spain
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain
- Maimonides Institute for Biomedical Research in Cordoba (IMIBIC), Cordoba, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatologia Obesidad y Nutricion (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
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Van Hul M, Neyrinck AM, Everard A, Abot A, Bindels LB, Delzenne NM, Knauf C, Cani PD. Role of the intestinal microbiota in contributing to weight disorders and associated comorbidities. Clin Microbiol Rev 2024; 37:e0004523. [PMID: 38940505 PMCID: PMC11391702 DOI: 10.1128/cmr.00045-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/29/2024] Open
Abstract
SUMMARYThe gut microbiota is a major factor contributing to the regulation of energy homeostasis and has been linked to both excessive body weight and accumulation of fat mass (i.e., overweight, obesity) or body weight loss, weakness, muscle atrophy, and fat depletion (i.e., cachexia). These syndromes are characterized by multiple metabolic dysfunctions including abnormal regulation of food reward and intake, energy storage, and low-grade inflammation. Given the increasing worldwide prevalence of obesity, cachexia, and associated metabolic disorders, novel therapeutic strategies are needed. Among the different mechanisms explaining how the gut microbiota is capable of influencing host metabolism and energy balance, numerous studies have investigated the complex interactions existing between nutrition, gut microbes, and their metabolites. In this review, we discuss how gut microbes and different microbiota-derived metabolites regulate host metabolism. We describe the role of the gut barrier function in the onset of inflammation in this context. We explore the importance of the gut-to-brain axis in the regulation of energy homeostasis and glucose metabolism but also the key role played by the liver. Finally, we present specific key examples of how using targeted approaches such as prebiotics and probiotics might affect specific metabolites, their signaling pathways, and their interactions with the host and reflect on the challenges to move from bench to bedside.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Van Hul
- UCLouvain, Université catholique de Louvain, Louvain Drug Research Institute (LDRI), Metabolism and Nutrition Research Group (MNUT), Brussels, Belgium
- Walloon Excellence in Life Sciences and BIOtechnology (WELBIO), WELBIO department, WEL Research Institute, Wavre, Belgium
- NeuroMicrobiota, International Research Program (IRP) INSERM/UCLouvain, France/Belgium
| | - Audrey M Neyrinck
- UCLouvain, Université catholique de Louvain, Louvain Drug Research Institute (LDRI), Metabolism and Nutrition Research Group (MNUT), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Amandine Everard
- UCLouvain, Université catholique de Louvain, Louvain Drug Research Institute (LDRI), Metabolism and Nutrition Research Group (MNUT), Brussels, Belgium
- Walloon Excellence in Life Sciences and BIOtechnology (WELBIO), WELBIO department, WEL Research Institute, Wavre, Belgium
| | | | - Laure B Bindels
- UCLouvain, Université catholique de Louvain, Louvain Drug Research Institute (LDRI), Metabolism and Nutrition Research Group (MNUT), Brussels, Belgium
- Walloon Excellence in Life Sciences and BIOtechnology (WELBIO), WELBIO department, WEL Research Institute, Wavre, Belgium
| | - Nathalie M Delzenne
- UCLouvain, Université catholique de Louvain, Louvain Drug Research Institute (LDRI), Metabolism and Nutrition Research Group (MNUT), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Claude Knauf
- NeuroMicrobiota, International Research Program (IRP) INSERM/UCLouvain, France/Belgium
- INSERM U1220, Institut de Recherche en Santé Digestive (IRSD), Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse III, CHU Purpan, Toulouse, France
| | - Patrice D Cani
- UCLouvain, Université catholique de Louvain, Louvain Drug Research Institute (LDRI), Metabolism and Nutrition Research Group (MNUT), Brussels, Belgium
- Walloon Excellence in Life Sciences and BIOtechnology (WELBIO), WELBIO department, WEL Research Institute, Wavre, Belgium
- NeuroMicrobiota, International Research Program (IRP) INSERM/UCLouvain, France/Belgium
- UCLouvain, Université catholique de Louvain, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research (IREC), Brussels, Belgium
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8
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Dekker Nitert M, Ovadia C. Microbial metabolites as a way to provide crosstalk between gut and liver. Obstet Med 2024; 17:168-174. [PMID: 39262911 PMCID: PMC11384814 DOI: 10.1177/1753495x241258383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2024] [Accepted: 05/04/2024] [Indexed: 09/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Bile acid metabolism is partially regulated through the activity of the gut microbiota. Primary bile acids can be deconjugated and modified by bacteria expressing bile salt hydrolase and other enzymes, changing bile acid recycling by changing the interactions between enterocytes and hepatocytes. The modified bile acids can also activate signalling in cells regulating metabolism including colonic L-cells, skeletal muscle cells and brown adipocytes. In pregnancy, both bile acid metabolism and gut microbiota composition are altered. In women with intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy, the changes in bile acid metabolism are exacerbated and there is some evidence that the gut microbiota composition is also altered. Here we review the crosstalk between the liver and the gut especially in women with intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy, with a focus on the role of the gut microbiota in this crosstalk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marloes Dekker Nitert
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Caroline Ovadia
- Department of Women and Children's Health, King's College London, London, UK
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9
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Araújo JR, Marques C, Rodrigues C, Calhau C, Faria A. The metabolic and endocrine impact of diet-derived gut microbiota metabolites on ageing and longevity. Ageing Res Rev 2024; 100:102451. [PMID: 39127442 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2024.102451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2024] [Revised: 07/16/2024] [Accepted: 08/06/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024]
Abstract
Gut dysbiosis has been recently recognized as a hallmark of ageing. At this stage of life, gut microbiota becomes depleted from bacteria involved in the production of short-chain fatty acids (SCFA), indole and its derivative indole-3-propionic acid (IPA), metabolites shown to improve host glycemic control as well as insulin sensitivity and secretion. Moreover, gut microbiota becomes enriched in pathobiont bacteria involved in the production of imidazole propionate, phenols and trimethylamine, metabolites that promote host insulin resistance and atherosclerosis. The magnitude of these changes is much more pronounced in unhealthy than in healthy ageing. On the other hand, a distinct gut microbiota signature is displayed during longevity, the most prominent being an enrichment in both SCFA and IPA bacterial producers. This short Review discusses, in an innovative and integrative way, cutting-edge research on the composition of gut microorganisms and profile of metabolites secreted by them, that are associated with a healthy and unhealthy ageing pattern and with longevity. A detailed description of the positive or detrimental metabolic effects, in the ageing host, of diet-derived gut microbial metabolites is provided. Finally, microbiota-targeted interventions that counteract gut dysbiosis associated with ageing, are briefly outlined.
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Affiliation(s)
- João R Araújo
- Nutrition & Metabolism, CINTESIS@RISE, NOVA Medical School, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, NMS, FCM, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Lisboa 1169-056, Portugal.
| | - Cláudia Marques
- Nutrition & Metabolism, CINTESIS@RISE, NOVA Medical School, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, NMS, FCM, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Lisboa 1169-056, Portugal.
| | - Catarina Rodrigues
- Nutrition & Metabolism, CHRC, NOVA Medical School, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, NMS, FCM, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Lisboa 1169-056, Portugal.
| | - Conceição Calhau
- Nutrition & Metabolism, CINTESIS@RISE, NOVA Medical School, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, NMS, FCM, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Lisboa 1169-056, Portugal; Unidade Universitária Lifestyle Medicine José de Mello Saúde by NOVA Medical School, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, NMS, FCM, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Lisboa 1169-056, Portugal.
| | - Ana Faria
- Nutrition & Metabolism, CINTESIS@RISE, NOVA Medical School, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, NMS, FCM, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Lisboa 1169-056, Portugal; Nutrition & Metabolism, CHRC, NOVA Medical School, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, NMS, FCM, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Lisboa 1169-056, Portugal.
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Flori L, Benedetti G, Martelli A, Calderone V. Microbiota alterations associated with vascular diseases: postbiotics as a next-generation magic bullet for gut-vascular axis. Pharmacol Res 2024; 207:107334. [PMID: 39103131 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2024.107334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2024] [Revised: 07/11/2024] [Accepted: 07/29/2024] [Indexed: 08/07/2024]
Abstract
The intestinal microbiota represents a key element in maintaining the homeostasis and health conditions of the host. Vascular pathologies and other risk factors such as aging have been recently associated with dysbiosis. The qualitative and quantitative alteration of the intestinal microbiota hinders correct metabolic homeostasis, causing structural and functional changes of the intestinal wall itself. Impairment of the intestinal microbiota, combined with the reduction of the barrier function, worsen the pathological scenarios of peripheral tissues over time, including the vascular one. Several experimental evidence, collected in this review, describes in detail the changes of the intestinal microbiota in dysbiosis associated with vascular alterations, such as atherosclerosis, hypertension, and endothelial dysfunction, the resulting metabolic disorders and how these can impact on vascular health. In this context, the gut-vascular axis is considered, for the first time, as a merged unit involved in the development and progression of vascular pathologies and as a promising target. Current approaches for the management of dysbiosis such as probiotics, prebiotics and dietary modifications act mainly on the intestinal district. Postbiotics, described as preparation of inanimate microorganisms and/or their components that confers health benefits on the host, represent an innovative strategy for a dual management of intestinal dysbiosis and vascular pathologies. In this context, this review has the further purpose of defining the positive effects of the supplementation of bacterial strains metabolites (short‑chain fatty acids, exopolysaccharides, lipoteichoic acids, gallic acid, and protocatechuic acid) restoring intestinal homeostasis and acting directly on the vascular district through the gut-vascular axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Flori
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, via Bonanno, Pisa 6-56120, Italy.
| | - Giada Benedetti
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, via Bonanno, Pisa 6-56120, Italy.
| | - Alma Martelli
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, via Bonanno, Pisa 6-56120, Italy; Interdepartmental Research Center Nutrafood "Nutraceuticals and Food for Health", University of Pisa, Pisa 56120, Italy; Interdepartmental Research Centre of Ageing Biology and Pathology, University of Pisa, Pisa 56120, Italy.
| | - Vincenzo Calderone
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, via Bonanno, Pisa 6-56120, Italy; Interdepartmental Research Center Nutrafood "Nutraceuticals and Food for Health", University of Pisa, Pisa 56120, Italy; Interdepartmental Research Centre of Ageing Biology and Pathology, University of Pisa, Pisa 56120, Italy.
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11
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Mu J, Lin Q, Chen Y, Wang J, Yu X, Huang F, Liu X, Fang Y, Li Y, Zhu B, Liang Y. Rice bran active peptide (RBAP) inhibited macrophage differentiation to foam cell and atherosclerosis in mice via regulating cholesterol efflux. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 132:155864. [PMID: 39032281 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2024.155864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2024] [Revised: 06/11/2024] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Atherosclerosis is a long-lasting inflammatory condition affecting the walls of arteries, marked by the buildup of fats, plaque formation, and vascular remodeling. Recent findings highlight the significance of cholesterol removal pathways in influencing atherosclerosis, yet the connection between cholesterol removal and regulation of macrophage inflammation remains poorly understood. RBAP could serve as an anti-inflammatory agent; however, its role in atherosclerosis and the mechanism behind it are still not well understood. PURPOSE The objective of this research is to explore how RBAP impacts cholesterol efflux, which is a considerable element in the advancement of atherosclerosis. METHODS An atherosclerosis mouse model was established by using an ApoE KO strain mouse on a high-fat diet (HFD) to assess the effects of RBAP, conducted either orally or through injection. Additionally, in vitro experiments were conducted where the induction of THP-1 cells was conducted for the differentiation towards macrophages, and along with mouse RAW264.7 cells, were challenged with ox-LDL to evaluate the impact of RBAP. RESULTS In this study, RBAP was found to reduce the production and downregulate TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 levels and inhibited the activation of the TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB signaling in atherosclerosis model mice, as well as in ox-LDL-challenged THP-1 cells and mouse RAW264.7 macrophages. RBAP's effectiveness also improved the enhancement of reverse cholesterol transport (RCT) and cholesterol removal to HDL and apoA1 by increasing the activity of genes related to cholesterol removal PPARγ/LXRα/ABCA1/ABCG1, both in ApoE-/- mice and in THP-1 cells and mouse RAW264.7 macrophages. Notably, RBAP exerted similar effects on atherosclerosis model mice and macrophages to those of TAK-242, an inhibitor of the TLR4 signaling. When RBAP and TAK-242 were applied simultaneously, the improvement was not enhanced compared with either RBAP or TAK-242 treatment alone. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that RBAP, as a TLR4 inhibitor, has anti-atherosclerotic effects by improving inflammation and promoting cholesterol effection, indicating its therapeutic potential in intervening atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianfei Mu
- Molecular Nutrition Branch, National Engineering Research Center of Rice and By-product Deep Processing, College of Food Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, Hunan, PR China
| | - Qinlu Lin
- Molecular Nutrition Branch, National Engineering Research Center of Rice and By-product Deep Processing, College of Food Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, Hunan, PR China
| | - Yajuan Chen
- Molecular Nutrition Branch, National Engineering Research Center of Rice and By-product Deep Processing, College of Food Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, Hunan, PR China
| | - Jianqiang Wang
- Molecular Nutrition Branch, National Engineering Research Center of Rice and By-product Deep Processing, College of Food Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, Hunan, PR China
| | - Xudong Yu
- Molecular Nutrition Branch, National Engineering Research Center of Rice and By-product Deep Processing, College of Food Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, Hunan, PR China
| | - Fang Huang
- Molecular Nutrition Branch, National Engineering Research Center of Rice and By-product Deep Processing, College of Food Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, Hunan, PR China
| | - Xinxin Liu
- Molecular Nutrition Branch, National Engineering Research Center of Rice and By-product Deep Processing, College of Food Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, Hunan, PR China
| | - Yong Fang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics/Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, PR China
| | - Yusheng Li
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, PR China; Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, PR China
| | - Beiwei Zhu
- National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, Liaoning 116034, PR China.
| | - Ying Liang
- Molecular Nutrition Branch, National Engineering Research Center of Rice and By-product Deep Processing, College of Food Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, Hunan, PR China.
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12
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Wang J, Wang W, Zhang J, Xiao F, Li Z, Xu P, Wang H, Du H, Liu S, Li H, Zhang X, Chen S, Gao Z, Wang S, Wang J, Song M. Deficiency of flavin-containing monooxygenase 3 protects kidney function after ischemia-reperfusion in mice. Commun Biol 2024; 7:1054. [PMID: 39191965 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-024-06718-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 08/09/2024] [Indexed: 08/29/2024] Open
Abstract
The kidney is vulnerable to ischemia and reperfusion (I/R) injury that can be fatal after major surgery. Currently, there are no effective treatments for I/R-induced kidney injury. Trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) is a gut-derived metabolite linked to many diseases, but its role in I/R-induced kidney injury remains unclear. Here, our clinical data reveals an association between preoperative systemic TMAO levels and postoperative kidney injury in patients after post-cardiopulmonary bypass surgery. By genetic deletion of TMAO-producing enzyme flavin-containing monooxygenase 3 (FMO3) and dietary supplementation of choline to modulate TMAO levels, we found that TMAO aggravated acute kidney injury through the triggering of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and worsened subsequent renal fibrosis through TGFβ/Smad signaling activation. Together, our study underscores the negative role of TMAO in I/R-induced kidney injury and highlights the therapeutic potential through the modulation of TMAO levels by targeting FMO3, thereby mitigating acute kidney injury and preventing subsequent renal fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiawan Wang
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Reconstruction, State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Urology, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jiandong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Reconstruction, State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Department of Urology, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Fei Xiao
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Zeya Li
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Pengfei Xu
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Reconstruction, State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Haozhou Wang
- Department of Urology, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Heng Du
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Reconstruction, State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Siqi Liu
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Reconstruction, State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Huili Li
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xuan Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Siqi Chen
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Reconstruction, State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zeyu Gao
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Reconstruction, State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Sheng Wang
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jun Wang
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Moshi Song
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Reconstruction, State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
- Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Beijing, China.
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13
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Jang JW, Capaldi E, Smith T, Verma P, Varga J, Ho KJ. Trimethylamine N-oxide: a meta-organismal axis linking the gut and fibrosis. Mol Med 2024; 30:128. [PMID: 39180015 PMCID: PMC11344357 DOI: 10.1186/s10020-024-00895-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2024] [Accepted: 08/08/2024] [Indexed: 08/26/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tissue fibrosis is a common pathway to failure in many organ systems and is the cellular and molecular driver of myriad chronic diseases that are incompletely understood and lack effective treatment. Recent studies suggest that gut microbe-dependent metabolites might be involved in the initiation and progression of fibrosis in multiple organ systems. MAIN BODY OF THE MANUSCRIPT In a meta-organismal pathway that begins in the gut, gut microbiota convert dietary precursors such as choline, phosphatidylcholine, and L-carnitine into trimethylamine (TMA), which is absorbed and subsequently converted to trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) via the host enzyme flavin-containing monooxygenase 3 (FMO3) in the liver. Chronic exposure to elevated TMAO appears to be associated with vascular injury and enhanced fibrosis propensity in diverse conditions, including chronic kidney disease, heart failure, metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease, and systemic sclerosis. CONCLUSION Despite the high prevalence of fibrosis, little is known to date about the role of gut dysbiosis and of microbe-dependent metabolites in its pathogenesis. This review summarizes recent important advances in the understanding of the complex metabolism and functional role of TMAO in pathologic fibrosis and highlights unanswered questions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae Woong Jang
- Department of Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, 676 North St. Clair Street, Suite 650, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Emma Capaldi
- Department of Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, 676 North St. Clair Street, Suite 650, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Tracy Smith
- Department of Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, 676 North St. Clair Street, Suite 650, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Priyanka Verma
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, 1500 East Medical Center Drive, Floor 3, Reception A, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - John Varga
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, 1500 East Medical Center Drive, Floor 3, Reception A, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Karen J Ho
- Department of Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, 676 North St. Clair Street, Suite 650, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA.
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Singh VK, Hu XH, Singh AK, Solanki MK, Vijayaraghavan P, Srivastav R, Joshi NK, Kumari M, Singh SK, Wang Z, Kumar A. Precision nutrition-based strategy for management of human diseases and healthy aging: current progress and challenges forward. Front Nutr 2024; 11:1427608. [PMID: 39183982 PMCID: PMC11341379 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2024.1427608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2024] [Accepted: 07/29/2024] [Indexed: 08/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Currently, the treatment of various human ailments is based on different therapeutic approaches including traditional and modern medicine systems. Precision nutrition has come into existence as an emerging approach considering the diverse aspects such as age, sex, genetic and epigenetic makeup, apart from the pathophysiological conditions. The continuously and gradually evolving disciplines of genomics about nutrition have elucidated the importance of genetic variations, epigenetic information, and expression of myriads of genes in disease progression apart from the involvement in modulating therapeutic responses. Further, the investigations have presented the considerable role of gut microbiota comprising of commensal and symbionts performing innumerable activities such as release of bioactive molecules, defense against pathogenic microbes, and regulation of immunity. Noteworthy, the characteristics of the microbiome change depending on host attributes, environmental factors, and habitat, in addition to diet, and therefore can be employed as a biomarker to unravel the response to given food. The specific diet and the components thereof can be suggested for supporting the enrichment of the desired microbial community to some extent as an important part of precision nutrition to achieve not only the goal of human health but also of healthy aging.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Xiao-Hu Hu
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources Chemistry and Biotechnology, Agricultural College, Yulin Normal University, Yulin, China
| | - Amit Kishore Singh
- Botany Department, B.N. College, T.M. Bhagalpur University, Bhagalpur, India
| | - Manoj Kumar Solanki
- Department of Life Sciences and Biological Sciences, IES University, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | | | - Rajpal Srivastav
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University, Noida, India
| | - Naveen Kumar Joshi
- Amity Institute of Microbial Biotechnology, Amity University, Noida, India
| | - Madhuree Kumari
- Department of Biochemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, India
| | - Sandeep Kumar Singh
- Department of Microbiology, Indian Agriculture Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Zhen Wang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources Chemistry and Biotechnology, Agricultural College, Yulin Normal University, Yulin, China
| | - Ajay Kumar
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University, Noida, India
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15
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Xu C, Zhang M, Zhang S, Wang P, Lai C, Meng D, Chen Z, Yi X, Gao X. Simultaneous determination of choline, L-carnitine, betaine, trimethylamine, trimethylamine N-oxide, and creatinine in plasma, liver, and feces of hyperlipidemic rats by UHPLC-MS/MS. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2024; 1243:124210. [PMID: 38936270 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2024.124210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Revised: 06/03/2024] [Accepted: 06/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Due to the close correlation between choline, L-carnitine, betaine and their intestinal microbial metabolites, including trimethylamine (TMA) and trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO), and creatinine, there has been an increasing interest in the study of these compounds in vivo. METHODS In this study, a rapid stable isotope dilution (SID)-UHPLC-MS/MS method was developed for the simultaneous determination of choline, L-carnitine, betaine, TMA, TMAO and creatinine in plasma, liver and feces of rats. The method was validated using quality control (QC) samples spiked at low, medium and high levels. Second, we applied the method to quantify the effects of Rosa Roxburghii Tratt juice (RRTJ) on plasma, liver, and fecal levels of choline, L-carnitine, betaine, TMA, TMAO, and creatinine in high-fat diet-induced hyperlipidemic rats, demonstrating the utility of the method. RESULTS The limits of detection (LOD) were 0.04-0.027 µM and the limits of quantification (LOQ) were 0.009-0.094 µM. The linear ranges for each metabolite in plasma were choline1.50-96 µM; L-carnitine: 2-128 µM; betaine: 3-192 µM; TMA: 0.01-40.96 µM; TMAO: 0.06-61.44 µM and creatinine: 1-64 µM (R2 ≥ 0.9954). The linear ranges for each metabolite in liver were Choline: 12-768 µM; L-carnitine: 1.5-96 µM; betaine: 10-640 µM; TMA: 0.5-32 µM; TMAO: 0.02-81.92 µM and creatinine: 0.2-204.8 µM (R2 ≥ 0.9938). The linear ranges for each metabolite in feces were choline: 1.5-96 µM; L-carnitine: 0.01-40.96 µM; Betaine: 1.5-96 µM; TMA: 1-64 µM; TMAO: 0.02-81.92 µM and Creatinine: 0.02-81.92 µM (R2 ≥ 0.998). The intra-day and inter-day coefficients of variation were < 8 % for all analytes. The samples were stabilized after multiple freeze-thaw cycles (3 freeze-thaw cycles), 24 h at room temperature, 24 h at 4 °C and 20 days at -80 °C. The samples were stable. The average recovery was 89 %-99 %. This method was used to quantify TMAO and its related metabolites and creatinine levels in hyperlipidemic rats. The results showed that high-fat diet led to the disorder of TMAO and its related metabolites and creatinine in rats, which was effectively improved after the intervention of Rosa Roxburghii Tratt juice(RRTJ). CONCLUSIONS A method for the determination of choline, L-carnitine, betaine, TMA, TMAO and creatinine in plasma, liver and feces samples was established, which is simple, time-saving, high precision, accuracy and recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changqian Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants and School of Pharmacy, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, China; Center of Microbiology and Biochemical Pharmaceutical Engineering, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Min Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants and School of Pharmacy, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Shuo Zhang
- Experimental Animal Center of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Pengjiao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants and School of Pharmacy, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Chencen Lai
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants and School of Pharmacy, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, China; Center of Microbiology and Biochemical Pharmaceutical Engineering, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Duo Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants and School of Pharmacy, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, China; Center of Microbiology and Biochemical Pharmaceutical Engineering, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Zhiyu Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants and School of Pharmacy, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, China; Center of Microbiology and Biochemical Pharmaceutical Engineering, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Xinxin Yi
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants and School of Pharmacy, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, China; Center of Microbiology and Biochemical Pharmaceutical Engineering, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Xiuli Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants and School of Pharmacy, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, China; Center of Microbiology and Biochemical Pharmaceutical Engineering, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, China.
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16
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Zhang W, Qin X, Zhang K, Ma J, Li M, Jin G, Liu X, Wang S, Wang B, Wu J, Liu T, Zhong W, Cao H. Microbial metabolite trimethylamine-N-oxide induces intestinal carcinogenesis through inhibiting farnesoid X receptor signaling. Cell Oncol (Dordr) 2024; 47:1183-1199. [PMID: 38315283 DOI: 10.1007/s13402-024-00920-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Microbial dysbiosis is considered as a hallmark of colorectal cancer (CRC). Trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO) as a gut microbiota-dependent metabolite has recently been implicated in CRC development. Nevertheless, evidence relating TMAO to intestinal carcinogenesis remains largely unexplored. Herein, we aimed to examine the crucial role of TMAO in CRC progression. METHODS Apcmin/+ mice were treated with TMAO or sterile PBS for 14 weeks. Intestinal tissues were isolated to evaluate the effects of TMAO on the malignant transformation of intestinal adenoma. The gut microbiota of mouse feces was detected by 16S rRNA sequencing analysis. HCT-116 cells were used to provide further evidence of TMAO on the progression of CRC. RESULTS TMAO administration increased tumor cell and stem cell proliferation, and decreased apoptosis, accompanied by DNA damage and gut barrier impairment. Gut microbiota analysis revealed that TMAO induced changes in the intestinal microbial community structure, manifested as reduced beneficial bacteria. Mechanistically, TMAO bound to farnesoid X receptor (FXR), thereby inhibiting the FXR-fibroblast growth factor 15 (FGF15) axis and activating the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway, whereas the FXR agonist GW4064 could blunt TMAO-induced Wnt/β-catenin pathway activation. CONCLUSION The microbial metabolite TMAO can enhance intestinal carcinogenesis by inhibiting the FXR-FGF15 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanru Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, General Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, National Key Clinical Specialty, Tianjin Institute of Digestive Diseases, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, Tianjin, 300052, China
| | - Xiali Qin
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, General Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, National Key Clinical Specialty, Tianjin Institute of Digestive Diseases, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, Tianjin, 300052, China
| | - Kexin Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, General Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, National Key Clinical Specialty, Tianjin Institute of Digestive Diseases, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, Tianjin, 300052, China
| | - Jiahui Ma
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, General Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, National Key Clinical Specialty, Tianjin Institute of Digestive Diseases, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, Tianjin, 300052, China
| | - Mengfan Li
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, General Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, National Key Clinical Specialty, Tianjin Institute of Digestive Diseases, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, Tianjin, 300052, China
| | - Ge Jin
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, General Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, National Key Clinical Specialty, Tianjin Institute of Digestive Diseases, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, Tianjin, 300052, China
| | - Xiang Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, General Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, National Key Clinical Specialty, Tianjin Institute of Digestive Diseases, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, Tianjin, 300052, China
| | - Sinan Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, General Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, National Key Clinical Specialty, Tianjin Institute of Digestive Diseases, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, Tianjin, 300052, China
| | - Bangmao Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, General Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, National Key Clinical Specialty, Tianjin Institute of Digestive Diseases, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, Tianjin, 300052, China
| | - Jing Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050, China.
| | - Tianyu Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, General Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, National Key Clinical Specialty, Tianjin Institute of Digestive Diseases, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, Tianjin, 300052, China.
| | - Weilong Zhong
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, General Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, National Key Clinical Specialty, Tianjin Institute of Digestive Diseases, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, Tianjin, 300052, China.
| | - Hailong Cao
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, General Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, National Key Clinical Specialty, Tianjin Institute of Digestive Diseases, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, Tianjin, 300052, China.
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17
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Zhou Y, Zhang Y, Jin S, Lv J, Li M, Feng N. The gut microbiota derived metabolite trimethylamine N-oxide: Its important role in cancer and other diseases. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 177:117031. [PMID: 38925016 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.117031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2024] [Revised: 06/21/2024] [Accepted: 06/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
An expanding body of research indicates a correlation between the gut microbiota and various diseases. Metabolites produced by the gut microbiota act as mediators between the gut microbiota and the host, interacting with multiple systems in the human body to regulate physiological or pathological functions. However, further investigation is still required to elucidate the underlying mechanisms. One such metabolite involved in choline metabolism by gut microbes is trimethylamine (TMA), which can traverse the intestinal epithelial barrier and enter the bloodstream, ultimately reaching the liver where it undergoes oxidation catalyzed by flavin-containing monooxygenase 3 (FMO3) to form trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO). While some TMAO is eliminated through renal excretion, remaining amounts circulate in the bloodstream, leading to systemic inflammation, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, mitochondrial stress, and disruption of normal physiological functions in humans. As a representative microbial metabolite originating from the gut, TMAO has significant potential both as a biomarker for monitoring disease occurrence and progression and for tailoring personalized treatment strategies for patients. This review provides an extensive overview of TMAO sources and its metabolism in human blood, as well as its impact on several major human diseases. Additionally, we explore the latest research areas related to TMAO along with future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhua Zhou
- Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Yuwei Zhang
- Nantong University Medical School, Nantong, China
| | - Shengkai Jin
- Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Jing Lv
- Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Menglu Li
- Department of Urology, Jiangnan University Medical Center, Wuxi, China.
| | - Ninghan Feng
- Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China; Nantong University Medical School, Nantong, China; Department of Urology, Jiangnan University Medical Center, Wuxi, China.
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Ding C, Wang Z, Dou X, Yang Q, Ning Y, Kao S, Sang X, Hao M, Wang K, Peng M, Zhang S, Han X, Cao G. Farnesoid X receptor: From Structure to Function and Its Pharmacology in Liver Fibrosis. Aging Dis 2024; 15:1508-1536. [PMID: 37815898 PMCID: PMC11272191 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2023.0830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The farnesoid X receptor (FXR), a ligand-activated transcription factor, plays a crucial role in regulating bile acid metabolism within the enterohepatic circulation. Beyond its involvement in metabolic disorders and immune imbalances affecting various tissues, FXR is implicated in microbiota modulation, gut-to-brain communication, and liver disease. The liver, as a pivotal metabolic and detoxification organ, is susceptible to damage from factors such as alcohol, viruses, drugs, and high-fat diets. Chronic or recurrent liver injury can culminate in liver fibrosis, which, if left untreated, may progress to cirrhosis and even liver cancer, posing significant health risks. However, therapeutic options for liver fibrosis remain limited in terms of FDA-approved drugs. Recent insights into the structure of FXR, coupled with animal and clinical investigations, have shed light on its potential pharmacological role in hepatic fibrosis. Progress has been achieved in both fundamental research and clinical applications. This review critically examines recent advancements in FXR research, highlighting challenges and potential mechanisms underlying its role in liver fibrosis treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuan Ding
- School of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China.
- Jinhua Institute, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Jinhua, China.
| | - Zeping Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Xinyue Dou
- School of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Qiao Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Yan Ning
- School of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Shi Kao
- School of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Xianan Sang
- School of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Min Hao
- School of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Kuilong Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Mengyun Peng
- School of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Shuosheng Zhang
- College of Chinese Materia Medica and Food Engineering, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Jinzhong, China.
| | - Xin Han
- School of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China.
- Jinhua Institute, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Jinhua, China.
| | - Gang Cao
- School of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China.
- Jinhua Institute, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Jinhua, China.
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Tang WHW, Lemaitre RN, Jensen PN, Wang M, Wang Z, Li XS, Nemet I, Lee Y, Lai HTM, de Oliveira Otto MC, Fretts A, Sotoodehnia N, DiDonato JA, Bäckhed F, Psaty BM, Siscovick DS, Budoff MJ, Mozaffarian D, Hazen SL. Trimethylamine N-Oxide and Related Gut Microbe-Derived Metabolites and Incident Heart Failure Development in Community-Based Populations. Circ Heart Fail 2024; 17:e011569. [PMID: 39119698 PMCID: PMC11335438 DOI: 10.1161/circheartfailure.124.011569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 07/15/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Growing evidence indicates that trimethylamine N-oxide, a gut microbial metabolite of dietary choline and carnitine, promotes both cardiovascular disease and chronic kidney disease risk. It remains unclear how circulating concentrations of trimethylamine N-oxide and its related dietary and gut microbe-derived metabolites (choline, betaine, carnitine, γ-butyrobetaine, and crotonobetaine) affect incident heart failure (HF). METHODS We evaluated 11 768 participants from the Cardiovascular Health Study and the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis with serial measures of metabolites. Cox proportional hazard models were used to examine the associations between metabolites and incident HF, adjusted for cardiovascular disease risk factors. RESULTS In all, 2102 cases of HF occurred over a median follow-up of 15.9 years. After adjusting for traditional risk factors, higher concentrations of trimethylamine N-oxide (hazard ratio, 1.15 [95% CI, 1.09-1.20]; P<0.001), choline (hazard ratio, 1.44 [95% CI, 1.26-1.64]; P<0.001), and crotonobetaine (hazard ratio, 1.24 [95% CI, 1.16-1.32]; P<0.001) were associated with increased risk for incident HF. After further adjustment for renal function (potential confounder or mediator), these associations did not reach Bonferroni-corrected statistical significance (P=0.01, 0.049, and 0.006, respectively). Betaine and carnitine were nominally associated with a higher incidence of HF (P<0.05). In exploratory analyses, results were similar for subtypes of HF based on left ventricular ejection fraction, and associations appeared generally stronger among Black and Hispanic/Latino versus White adults, although there were no interactions for any metabolites with race. CONCLUSIONS In this pooled analysis of 2 well-phenotyped, diverse, community-based cohorts, circulating concentrations of gut microbe-derived metabolites such as trimethylamine N-oxide, choline, and crotonobetaine were independently associated with a higher risk of developing HF. REGISTRATION URL: https://www.clinicaltrials.gov/; Unique identifiers: NCT00005133 and NCT00005487.
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Affiliation(s)
- W. H. Wilson Tang
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH
- Center for Microbiome and Human Health, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Heart and Vascular Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH
| | | | - Paul N. Jensen
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Meng Wang
- Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, MA
| | - Zeneng Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH
- Center for Microbiome and Human Health, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH
| | - Xinmin S. Li
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH
- Center for Microbiome and Human Health, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH
| | - Ina Nemet
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH
- Center for Microbiome and Human Health, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH
| | - Yujin Lee
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Myongji University, Yongin, South Korea 17055
| | - Heidi TM Lai
- Imperial College London, Department of Primary Care and Public Health, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Marcia C. de Oliveira Otto
- Division of Epidemiology, Human Genetics and Environmental Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth) School of Public Health, Houston, TX
| | - Amanda Fretts
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | | | - Joseph A. DiDonato
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH
- Center for Microbiome and Human Health, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH
| | - Fredrik Bäckhed
- Wallenberg Laboratory for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research, University of Gothenburg, Goteborg, Sweden
- Region Västra Götaland, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Department of Clinical Physiology, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Bruce M. Psaty
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
- Department of Health Services, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | | | - Matthew J. Budoff
- Los Angeles BioMedical Research Institute, Harbor UCLA Medical Center, CA
| | - Dariush Mozaffarian
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH
| | - Stanley L. Hazen
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH
- Center for Microbiome and Human Health, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Heart and Vascular Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH
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20
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Yu PS, Wu PH, Hung WW, Lin MY, Zhen YY, Hung WC, Chang JM, Tsai JR, Chiu YW, Hwang SJ, Tsai YC. Association Between Trimethylamine N-oxide and Adverse Kidney Outcomes and Overall Mortality in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2024; 109:2097-2105. [PMID: 38267025 PMCID: PMC11244202 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgae009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
CONTEXT Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is the major contributor to chronic kidney disease and end-stage kidney disease (ESKD). The influence of trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) on kidney outcomes in T2D remains unclear. OBJECTIVE To examine the association between fasting serum TMAO levels and adverse kidney outcomes in patients with T2D. METHODS Between October 2016 and June 2020, patients with T2D were recruited and monitored every 3 months until December 2021. Serum TMAO levels were assessed using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. The primary kidney outcomes were doubling of serum creatinine levels or progression to ESKD necessitating dialysis; the secondary kidney outcome was a rapid 30% decline in estimated glomerular filtration rate within 2 years. All-cause mortality was also evaluated. RESULTS Among the 440 enrolled patients with T2D, those in the highest serum TMAO tertile (≥0.88 μM) were older, had a longer diabetes duration, elevated blood urea nitrogen, and lower estimated glomerular filtration rate. Over a median follow-up period of 4 years, 26 patients (5.9%) had a doubling of serum creatinine level or progression to ESKD. After propensity score weighting, the patients in the highest serum TMAO tertile had a 6.45-fold increase in the risk of doubling of serum creatinine levels or progression to ESKD and 5.86-fold elevated risk of rapid decline in kidney function compared with those in the lowest tertile. Additionally, the stepwise increase in serum TMAO was associated with all-cause mortality. CONCLUSION Patients with T2D with elevated circulating TMAO levels are at higher risk of doubling serum creatinine, progressing to ESKD, and mortality. TMAO is a potential biomarker for kidney function progression and mortality in patients with T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping-Shaou Yu
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Chung-Ho Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Municipal Cijin Hospital, Kaohsiung 805, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - Ping-Hsun Wu
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Chung-Ho Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
- Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Wen Hung
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Chung-Ho Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Yen Lin
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Chung-Ho Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Yi Zhen
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Chung-Ho Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Chun Hung
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - Jer-Ming Chang
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Chung-Ho Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - Jong-Rung Tsai
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Municipal Cijin Hospital, Kaohsiung 805, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Wen Chiu
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Chung-Ho Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
- Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - Shang-Jyh Hwang
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Chung-Ho Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chun Tsai
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Chung-Ho Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
- Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
- Division of General Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung Medical University Chung-Ho Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
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Chen S, Chen XY, Huang ZH, Fang AP, Li SY, Huang RZ, Chen YM, Huang BX, Zhu HL. Correlation between serum trimethylamine-N-oxide and body fat distribution in middle-aged and older adults: a prospective cohort study. Nutr J 2024; 23:70. [PMID: 38982486 PMCID: PMC11234726 DOI: 10.1186/s12937-024-00974-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2024] [Accepted: 06/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/11/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO) is linked with obesity, while limited evidence on its relationship with body fat distribution. Herein, we investigated the associations between serum TMAO and longitudinal change of fat distribution in this prospective cohort study. METHODS Data of 1964 participants (40-75y old) from Guangzhou Nutrition and Health Study (GNHS) during 2008-2014 was analyzed. Serum TMAO concentration was quantified by HPLC-MS/MS at baseline. The body composition was assessed by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry at each 3-y follow-up. Fat distribution parameters were fat-to-lean mass ratio (FLR) and trunk-to-leg fat ratio (TLR). Fat distribution changes were derived from the coefficient of linear regression between their parameters and follow-up duration. RESULTS After an average of 6.2-y follow-up, analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) and linear regression displayed women with higher serum TMAO level had greater increments in trunk FLR (mean ± SD: 1.47 ± 4.39, P-trend = 0.006) and TLR (mean ± SD: 0.06 ± 0.24, P-trend = 0.011). Meanwhile, for women in the highest TMAO tertile, linear mixed-effects model (LMEM) analysis demonstrated the annual estimated increments (95% CI) were 0.03 (95% CI: 0.003 - 0.06, P = 0.032) in trunk FLR and 1.28 (95% CI: -0.17 - 2.73, P = 0.083) in TLR, respectively. In men, there were no similar significant observations. Sensitivity analysis yielded consistent results. CONCLUSION Serum TMAO displayed a more profound correlation with increment of FLR and TLR in middle-aged and older community-dwelling women in current study. More and further studies are still warranted in the future. TRIAL REGISTRATION NCT03179657.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si Chen
- Department of Nutrition, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, 74 Zhongshan II Road, Guangzhou, 510080, PR China
| | - Xiao-Yan Chen
- Department of Nutrition, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, 74 Zhongshan II Road, Guangzhou, 510080, PR China
| | - Zi-Hui Huang
- Department of Nutrition, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, 74 Zhongshan II Road, Guangzhou, 510080, PR China
| | - Ai-Ping Fang
- Department of Nutrition, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, 74 Zhongshan II Road, Guangzhou, 510080, PR China
| | - Shu-Yi Li
- Department of Nutrition, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, 74 Zhongshan II Road, Guangzhou, 510080, PR China
| | - Rong-Zhu Huang
- Department of Nutrition, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, 74 Zhongshan II Road, Guangzhou, 510080, PR China
| | - Yu-Ming Chen
- Department of Epidemiology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bi-Xia Huang
- Department of Nutrition, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, 74 Zhongshan II Road, Guangzhou, 510080, PR China.
| | - Hui-Lian Zhu
- Department of Nutrition, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, 74 Zhongshan II Road, Guangzhou, 510080, PR China.
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Miao T, Zhang X, Zhang C, Wu J, Zhu Y, Xiao M, Zhang N, Zhong Y, Liu Y, Lin Y, Wu Y, Li W, Song C, Liu Y, Wang X. Type 3 resistant starch from Canna edulis reduce lipid levels in patients with mild hyperlipidemia through altering gut microbiome: A double- blind randomized controlled trial. Pharmacol Res 2024; 205:107232. [PMID: 38825157 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2024.107232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Revised: 05/14/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/04/2024]
Abstract
Type 3 resistant starch from Canna edulis (Ce-RS3) is an insoluble dietary fiber which could improve blood lipids in animals, but clinically robust evidence is still lacking. We performed a double-blind randomized controlled trial to assess the effects of Ce-RS3 on lipids in mild hyperlipidemia. One hundred and fifteen patients were included followed the recruitment criteria, and were randomly allocated to receive Ce-RS3 or placebo (native starch from Canna edulis) for 12 weeks (20 g/day). In addition to serum lipids, complete blood counts, serum inflammatory factors, antioxidant indexes, and dietary survey, 16 S rRNA sequencing technique was utilized to analyze the gut microbiota alterations. Targeted quantitative metabolomics (TQM) was used to detect metabolite changes. Compared with the placebo, Ce- RS3 significantly decreased levels of total cholesterol, lowdensity lipoprotein cholesterol, and non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and increased the glutathione peroxidase. Based on the 16 S rRNA sequencing, TQM, the correlation analysis, as well as the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes (KEGG) and Genomes and Human Metabolome Database (HMDB) analysis, we found that Ce-RS3 could increase the abundances of genera Faecalibacterium and Agathobacter, while reduce the abundances of genera norank_f_Ruminococcaceae and Christensenellaceae_R-7_ group to regulate phenylalanine metabolism, which could reduce the fatty acid biosynthesis and fatty acid elongation in the mitochondria to lower blood lipids. Conclusively, we firstly confirmed the feasibility of Ce-RS3 for clinical application, which presents a novel, effective therapy for the mild hyperlipidemia. (Chictr. org. cn. Clinical study on anti-mild hyperlipidemia of Canna edulis RS3 resistant starch, ID Number: ChiCTR2200062871).
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Miao
- School of Chinese Meteria Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Xinsheng Zhang
- The First Medical Center of PLA General Hospital of China, Beijing 100089, China
| | - Caijuan Zhang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Jiahui Wu
- School of Chinese Meteria Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Yingli Zhu
- School of Chinese Meteria Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Maochun Xiao
- School of Chinese Meteria Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Nan Zhang
- School of Chinese Meteria Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Yucheng Zhong
- School of Chinese Meteria Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Yu Liu
- School of Chinese Meteria Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Yasi Lin
- School of Chinese Meteria Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Yuanhua Wu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guizhou 550001, China
| | - Wenmao Li
- Qianxinan Autonomous Prefecture Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xingyi 562400, China
| | - Chunying Song
- Qianxinan Autonomous Prefecture Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xingyi 562400, China
| | - Yinghua Liu
- The First Medical Center of PLA General Hospital of China, Beijing 100089, China.
| | - Xueyong Wang
- School of Chinese Meteria Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China.
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Wei M, Liu J, Wang X, Liu X, Jiang L, Jiang Y, Ma Y, Wang J, Yuan H, An X, Song Y, Zhang L. Multi-omics analysis of kidney tissue metabolome and proteome reveals the protective effect of sheep milk against adenine-induced chronic kidney disease in mice. Food Funct 2024; 15:7046-7062. [PMID: 38864415 DOI: 10.1039/d4fo00619d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2024]
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is characterized by impaired renal function and is associated with inflammation, oxidative stress, and fibrosis. Sheep milk contains several bioactive molecules with protective effects against inflammation and oxidative stress. In the current study, we investigated the potential renoprotective effects of sheep milk and the associated mechanisms of action in an adenine-induced CKD murine model. Sheep milk delayed renal chronic inflammation (e.g., significant reduction in levels of inflammatory factors Vcam1, Icam1, Il6, and Tnfa), fibrosis (significant reduction in levels of fibrosis factors Col1a1, Fn1, and Tgfb), oxidative stress (significant increase in levels of antioxidants and decrease in oxidative markers), mineral disorders, and renal injury in adenine-treated mice (e.g. reduced levels of kidney injury markers NGAL and KIM-1). The combined proteomics and metabolomics analyses showed that sheep milk may affect the metabolic processes of several compounds, including proteins, lipids, minerals, and hormones in mice with adenine-induced chronic kidney disease. In addition, it may regulate the expression of fibrosis-related factors and inflammatory factors through the JAK1/STAT3/HIF-1α signaling pathway, thus exerting its renoprotective effects. Therefore, sheep milk may be beneficial for patients with CKD and should be evaluated in preclinical and clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengyao Wei
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shannxi 712100, China.
| | - Jiaxin Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shannxi 712100, China.
| | - Xiaofei Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shannxi 712100, China.
| | - Xiaorui Liu
- Division of Laboratory Safety and Services, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Luyao Jiang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shannxi 712100, China.
| | - Yue Jiang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shannxi 712100, China.
| | - Yingtian Ma
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shannxi 712100, China.
| | - Jiangang Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shannxi 712100, China.
| | - Hao Yuan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shannxi 712100, China.
| | - Xiaopeng An
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shannxi 712100, China.
| | - Yuxuan Song
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shannxi 712100, China.
| | - Lei Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shannxi 712100, China.
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He Y, Zhu Y, Shui X, Huang Z, Li K, Lei W. Gut microbiome and metabolomic profiles reveal the antiatherosclerotic effect of indole-3-carbinol in high-choline-fed ApoE -/- mice. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 129:155621. [PMID: 38678950 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2024.155621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The metabolites produced from choline contribute to atherosclerosis (AS) pathogenesis, and the gut microbiota is redundantly essential for this process. Indole-3-carbinol (I3C), found in cruciferous vegetables such as broccoli, cabbage, cauliflower and brussels sprouts, helps prevent hyperlipidemia, maintain the gut microbiota balance, and decrease the production of trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO) from choline in the diet. PURPOSE The objective of this research was to investigate the impact of I3C on choline-induced AS and to further elucidate the underlying mechanism involved. METHODS AS models of high-choline-induced ApoE-/- mice and TMAO-promoted foamy macrophages were established to observe the effect of I3C on the formation of atherosclerotic plaques and foam cells and changes in AS-related indicators (including blood biochemical indicators, TMA, TMAO, SRA, and SRB1), and integrated analyses of the microbiome and metabolome were used to reveal the mechanism of action of I3C. RESULTS We found that I3C inhibited high-choline-induced atheroma formation (50-100 mg/kg/d, in vivo) and slightly improved the lipid profile (15 mg/kg/d, in vivo). Moreover, I3C suppressed lipid influx at a concentration of 40 µmol/L in vitro, enhanced the diversity of the gut microbiota and the abundance of the phylum Verrucomicrobia, and consequently modified the gut microbial metabolites at a dosage of 50 mg/kg/d in the mice. Associative analyses based on microbiome and metabolomics revealed that 1-methyladenosine was a key modulator of the protective effect of I3C against AS in high-choline-induced ApoE-/- mice. CONCLUSION These findings demonstrate for the first time that I3C ameliorates AS progression through remodeling of the gut microbiome and metabolomics, which paves the way for the possible therapeutic use of this vegetable-derived natural compound and may reduce the clinical severity of AS-related cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan He
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Molecular Diagnosis and Innovative Drugs Translation of Cardiopulmonary Vascular Diseases, University Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province and Macao Region on Molecular Targets and Intervention of Cardiovascular Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524001, China; Laboratory of Cardiovascular Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524001, China
| | - Ying Zhu
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Molecular Diagnosis and Innovative Drugs Translation of Cardiopulmonary Vascular Diseases, University Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province and Macao Region on Molecular Targets and Intervention of Cardiovascular Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524001, China; Laboratory of Cardiovascular Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524001, China
| | - Xiaorong Shui
- Laboratory of Vascular Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524001, China
| | - Zufeng Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Molecular Diagnosis and Innovative Drugs Translation of Cardiopulmonary Vascular Diseases, University Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province and Macao Region on Molecular Targets and Intervention of Cardiovascular Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524001, China; Laboratory of Cardiovascular Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524001, China
| | - Kongwei Li
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Molecular Diagnosis and Innovative Drugs Translation of Cardiopulmonary Vascular Diseases, University Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province and Macao Region on Molecular Targets and Intervention of Cardiovascular Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524001, China; Laboratory of Cardiovascular Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524001, China
| | - Wei Lei
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Molecular Diagnosis and Innovative Drugs Translation of Cardiopulmonary Vascular Diseases, University Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province and Macao Region on Molecular Targets and Intervention of Cardiovascular Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524001, China; Department of Precision Laboratory, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524001, China.
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Linna-Kuosmanen S, Vuori M, Kiviniemi T, Palmu J, Niiranen T. Genetics, transcriptomics, metagenomics, and metabolomics in the pathogenesis and prediction of atrial fibrillation. Eur Heart J Suppl 2024; 26:iv33-iv40. [PMID: 39099578 PMCID: PMC11292413 DOI: 10.1093/eurheartjsupp/suae072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/06/2024]
Abstract
The primary cellular substrates of atrial fibrillation (AF) and the mechanisms underlying AF onset remain poorly characterized and therefore, its risk assessment lacks precision. While the use of omics may enable discovery of novel AF risk factors and narrow down the cellular pathways involved in AF pathogenesis, the work is far from complete. Large-scale genome-wide association studies and transcriptomic analyses that allow an unbiased, non-candidate-gene-based delineation of molecular changes associated with AF in humans have identified at least 150 genetic loci associated with AF. However, only few of these loci have been thoroughly mechanistically dissected, indicating that much remains to be discovered for targeted diagnostics and therapeutics. Metabolomics and metagenomics, on the other hand, add to the understanding of AF downstream of the primary substrate and integrate the signalling of environmental and host factors, respectively. These two rapidly developing fields have already provided several correlates of prevalent and incident AF that require additional validation in external cohorts and experimental studies. In this review, we take a look at the recent developments in genetics, transcriptomics, metagenomics, and metabolomics and how they may aid in improving the discovery of AF risk factors and shed light into the molecular mechanisms leading to AF onset.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suvi Linna-Kuosmanen
- A. I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Neulaniementie 2, 70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Matti Vuori
- Division of Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Tuomas Kiviniemi
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Heart Center, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Joonatan Palmu
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Teemu Niiranen
- Division of Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Department of Public Health Solutions, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Turku, Finland
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Puerarin alleviates atherosclerosis via the inhibition of Prevotella copri and its trimethylamine production. Gut 2024:gutjnl-2024-331880. [PMID: 38777572 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2024-331880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Puerarin (PU) is a natural compound that exhibits limited oral bioavailability but has shown promise in the treatment of atherosclerosis (AS). However, the precise mechanisms underlying its therapeutic effects remain incompletely understood. This study aimed to investigate the effects of PU and its mechanisms in mitigating AS in both mice and humans. DESIGN The impact of PU on AS was examined in ApoE -/- mice fed a high-fat diet (HFD) and in human patients with carotid artery plaque. To explore the causal link between PU-associated gut microbiota and AS, faecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) and mono-colonisation of mice with Prevotella copri (P. copri) were employed. RESULTS PU alleviated AS by modulating the gut microbiota, as evidenced by alterations in gut microbiota composition and the amelioration of AS following FMT from PU-treated mice into ApoE-/- mice fed HFD. Specifically, PU reduced the abundance of P. copri, which exacerbated AS by producing trimethylamine (TMA). Prolonged mono-colonisation of P. copri undermines the beneficial effects of PU on AS. In clinical, the plaque scores of AS patients were positively correlated with the abundance of P. copri and plasma trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO) levels. A 1-week oral intervention with PU effectively decreased P. copri levels and reduced TMAO concentrations in patients with carotid artery plaque. CONCLUSION PU may provide therapeutic benefits in combating AS by targeting P. copri and its production of TMA. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER ChiCTR1900022488.
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Amato B, Novellino E, Morlando D, Vanoli C, Vanoli E, Ferrara F, Difruscolo R, Goffredo VM, Compagna R, Tenore GC, Stornaiuolo M, Fordellone M, Caradonna E. Benefits of Taurisolo in Diabetic Patients with Peripheral Artery Disease. J Cardiovasc Dev Dis 2024; 11:174. [PMID: 38921674 PMCID: PMC11203668 DOI: 10.3390/jcdd11060174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Revised: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Trimethyl-N-oxide (TMAO) has been linked to peripheral artery disease (PAD). TaurisoloⓇ is a natural, balanced phytocomplex containing resveratrol, quercetin, catechins, procianidins, gallic acid, and caffeic acid. Numerous studies have shown that TaurisoloⓇ reduces the damage of TMAO and exerts a protective effect on endothelial cells (ECs). The aim of this randomized, double-blind, single-center study was to evaluate the effects of TaurisoloⓇ on claudication in patients with PAD (Rutheford grade I, category II, Fontaine Classification: Stage IIA, American Medical Association Whole Person Impairment Classification: Class 0-WPI 0%) in two parallel groups of 31 patients. The primary outcomes were an increase in the pain-free walking distance and the ankle/brachial pressure index at the beginning and at the end of the treatment with Taurisolo. The secondary endpoint was the serum TMAO changes. The claudication distance improved by 14.1% in the Taurisolo group and by 2.0% in the placebo group, while the maximal distance increased by 15.8% and 0.6% only, respectively (both p < 0.05). The TMAO plasma levels decreased from 3.97 ± 2.13 micromole/L to 0.87 ± 0.48 (p < 0.0001) in the treated group. All these changes were highly significant both in univariate mixed models as well as in the adjusted model. Ultimately, TaurisoloⓇ might be an effective intervention to ameliorate intermittent claudication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Amato
- Department of Public Health, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, 80138 Naples, Italy; (B.A.); (D.M.)
| | - Ettore Novellino
- Chimica Farmaceutica e Tossicologica, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 20123 Rome, Italy;
| | - Davide Morlando
- Department of Public Health, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, 80138 Naples, Italy; (B.A.); (D.M.)
| | - Camilla Vanoli
- Clinical Psychology, Antioch University Los Angeles, Culver City, CA 90230, USA
| | - Emilio Vanoli
- School of Nursing, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy;
| | - Fulvio Ferrara
- Centro Diagnostico Italiano, Department of Clinical Laboratory, 20100 Milan, Italy; (F.F.); (E.C.)
| | - Rossana Difruscolo
- Biotecnologie Mediche e Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi di Bari, 70126 Bari, Italy;
| | - Vito Maria Goffredo
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, Università degli Studi di Bari, 70124 Bari, Italy;
| | - Rita Compagna
- Vascular Surgery Unit AORN Ospedale dei Colli, 80131 Naples, Italy;
| | - Gian Carlo Tenore
- Department of Pharmacy, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, 80138 Naples, Italy; (G.C.T.); (M.S.)
| | - Mariano Stornaiuolo
- Department of Pharmacy, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, 80138 Naples, Italy; (G.C.T.); (M.S.)
| | - Mario Fordellone
- Unità di Statistica Medica, Dipartimento di Salute Mentale e Fisica e Medicina Preventiva, Università degli Studi della Campania ‘Luigi Vanvitelli’, 81020 Napoli, Italy;
| | - Eugenio Caradonna
- Centro Diagnostico Italiano, Department of Clinical Laboratory, 20100 Milan, Italy; (F.F.); (E.C.)
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Kusumi K, Islam MS, Banker H, Safadi FF, Raina R. Navigating the microbial maze: unraveling the connection between gut microbiome and pediatric kidney and urinary tract disease. Pediatr Nephrol 2024:10.1007/s00467-024-06357-x. [PMID: 38829563 DOI: 10.1007/s00467-024-06357-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2023] [Revised: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
The gut microbiome is made up of trillions of bacteria, viruses, archaea, and microbes that play a significant role in the maintenance of normal physiology in humans. Recent research has highlighted the effects of the microbiome and its dysbiosis in the pathogenesis and maintenance of kidney disease, especially chronic kidney disease (CKD) and its associated cardiovascular disease. While studies have addressed the kidney-microbiome axis in adults, how dysbiosis may uniquely impact pediatric kidney disease patients is not well-established. This narrative review highlights all relevant studies focusing on the microbiome and pediatric kidney disease that were published between 7/2015 and 7/2023. This review highlights pediatric-specific considerations including growth and bone health as well as emphasizing the need for increased pediatric research. Understanding microbiome-kidney interactions may allow for novel, less invasive interventions such as dietary changes and the use of probiotics to improve preventive care and ameliorate long-term morbidity and mortality in this vulnerable population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirsten Kusumi
- Pediatric Nephrology and Hypertension, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA
| | | | | | | | - Rupesh Raina
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, Akron Children's Hospital, Akron, OH, USA.
- Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, OH, USA.
- Akron Nephrology Associates, Cleveland Clinic Akron General, Akron, OH, USA.
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Mao Y, Kong C, Zang T, You L, Wang L, Shen L, Ge J. Impact of the gut microbiome on atherosclerosis. MLIFE 2024; 3:167-175. [PMID: 38948150 PMCID: PMC11211673 DOI: 10.1002/mlf2.12110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2023] [Revised: 11/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory metabolic disease with a complex pathogenesis. However, the exact details of its pathogenesis are still unclear, which limits effective clinical treatment of atherosclerosis. Recently, multiple studies have demonstrated that the gut microbiota plays a pivotal role in the onset and progression of atherosclerosis. This review discusses possible treatments for atherosclerosis using the gut microbiome as an intervention target and summarizes the role of the gut microbiome and its metabolites in the development of atherosclerosis. New strategies for the treatment of atherosclerosis are needed. This review provides clues for further research on the mechanisms of the relationship between the gut microbiota and atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqin Mao
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan HospitalFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
- National Clinical Research Center for Interventional MedicineShanghaiChina
- Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine and Gut Microbiota, Minhang HospitalFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Chao Kong
- Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine and Gut Microbiota, Minhang HospitalFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Tongtong Zang
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan HospitalFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
- National Clinical Research Center for Interventional MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Lingsen You
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan HospitalFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
- National Clinical Research Center for Interventional MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Li‐Shun Wang
- Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine and Gut Microbiota, Minhang HospitalFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Li Shen
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan HospitalFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
- National Clinical Research Center for Interventional MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Jun‐Bo Ge
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan HospitalFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
- National Clinical Research Center for Interventional MedicineShanghaiChina
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Yuan Y, Gan C, Wang M, Zou J, Wang Z, Li S, Lv H. Association of serum trimethylamine N-oxide levels and bone mineral density in type 2 diabetes mellitus. Endocrine 2024; 84:958-968. [PMID: 38285411 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-024-03699-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE The relationship between trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) and bone mineral density (BMD) in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is unclear. We explore the relationship between TMAO levels and BMD in T2DM. METHODS This is a cross-sectional study. 254 T2DM patients were enrolled and divided into three groups by TMAO tertiles, and the clinical data were collected. BMD was determined by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and serum TMAO levels was determined by stable isotope dilution high-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS). RESULTS Patients in the highest tertile of TMAO levels (TMAO > 6.72 μmol/L) showed relatively low BMD and a higher number of fracture history, osteoporosis (OP) than those in the lower tertiles. Spearman correlation analysis showed that serum TMAO was negatively correlated with BMD of whole body (WB), lumbar spine (LS) and femoral neck (FN), while TMAO was positive correlated with osteoporotic fracture (p < 0.05). Logistic regression models showed that TMAO was an independent influencing factor of fracture history after adjusting for confounders in TMAO > 6.72 μmol/L group. CONCLUSIONS There is a significant linear correlation between TMAO levels and BMD in T2DM patients. Especially in TMAO > 6.72 μmol/L group, TMAO was negatively correlated with WB, LS, and FN BMD, and was positive correlated with osteoporotic fracture in T2DM patients. The findings suggest that elevated TMAO levels are associated with OP and osteoporotic fracture in T2DM patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Yuan
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, PR China
| | - Chao Gan
- Clinical Laboratory, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, PR China
| | - Mengke Wang
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, PR China
| | - Jingyi Zou
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, PR China
| | - Zhen Wang
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, PR China
| | - Shuyun Li
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, PR China
| | - Haihong Lv
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, PR China.
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, PR China.
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Agarwal M, Roth K, Yang Z, Sharma R, Maddipati K, Westrick J, Petriello MC. Loss of flavin-containing monooxygenase 3 modulates dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyl 126-induced oxidative stress and hepatotoxicity. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 250:118492. [PMID: 38373550 PMCID: PMC11102846 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.118492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Abstract
Dioxin-like pollutants (DLPs), such as polychlorinated biphenyl 126 (PCB 126), are synthetic chemicals classified as persistent organic pollutants. They accumulate in adipose tissue and have been linked to cardiometabolic disorders, including fatty liver disease. The toxicity of these compounds is associated with activation of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (Ahr), leading to the induction of phase I metabolizing enzyme cytochrome P4501a1 (Cyp1a1) and the subsequent production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Recent research has shown that DLPs can also induce the xenobiotic detoxification enzyme flavin-containing monooxygenase 3 (FMO3), which plays a role in metabolic homeostasis. We hypothesized whether genetic deletion of Fmo3 could protect mice, particularly in the liver, where Fmo3 is most inducible, against PCB 126 toxicity. To test this hypothesis, male C57BL/6 wild-type (WT) mice and Fmo3 knockout (Fmo3 KO) mice were exposed to PCB 126 or vehicle (safflower oil) during a 12-week study, at weeks 2 and 4. Various analyses were performed, including hepatic histology, RNA-sequencing, and quantitation of PCB 126 and F2-isoprostane concentrations. The results showed that PCB 126 exposure caused macro and microvesicular fat deposition in WT mice, but this macrovesicular fatty change was absent in Fmo3 KO mice. Moreover, at the pathway level, the hepatic oxidative stress response was significantly different between the two genotypes, with the induction of specific genes observed only in WT mice. Notably, the most abundant F2-isoprostane, 8-iso-15-keto PGE2, increased in WT mice in response to PCB 126 exposure. The study's findings also demonstrated that hepatic tissue concentrations of PCB 126 were higher in WT mice compared to Fmo3 KO mice. In summary, the absence of FMO3 in mice led to a distinctive response to dioxin-like pollutant exposure in the liver, likely due to alterations in lipid metabolism and storage, underscoring the complex interplay of genetic factors in the response to environmental toxins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manisha Agarwal
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA; Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA
| | - Katherine Roth
- Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA
| | - Zhao Yang
- Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA
| | - Rahul Sharma
- Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA
| | - Krishnarao Maddipati
- Department of Pathology, Lipidomic Core Facility, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA
| | - Judy Westrick
- Department of Chemistry, Lumigen Instrumentation Center, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA
| | - Michael C Petriello
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA; Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA.
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Ghaffari MH, Sanz-Fernandez MV, Sadri H, Sauerwein H, Schuchardt S, Martín-Tereso J, Doelman J, Daniel JB. Longitudinal characterization of the metabolome of dairy cows transitioning from one lactation to the next: Investigations in the liver. J Dairy Sci 2024; 107:4000-4016. [PMID: 38246557 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2023-24432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the metabolic changes in the livers of dairy cows from 1 wk before dry off to 1 wk after calving. Twelve high-yielding Holstein cows were included in a longitudinal study and housed in a tiestall barn. The cows were dried off at 6 wk before the expected calving date (dry period length = 42 d). During the entire lactation, the cows were milked twice daily at 0600 and 1700 h. Liver biopsies were taken from each cow at 4 different times: wk -7 (before drying off), -5 (after drying off), -1 and +1 relative to calving. A targeted metabolomics approach was performed by liquid chromatography and flow injection with electrospray ionization triple quadrupole mass spectrometry using the MxP Quant 500 kit (Biocrates Life Sciences AG). A total of 185 metabolites in the liver were used for the final data analysis. Principal component analysis revealed a clear separation by days of sampling, indicating a notable shift in metabolic phenotype from late lactation to the dry period and further changes after calving. Changes were observed in several classes of compounds, including AA and biogenic amines. In particular, the changes in acylcarnitines (AcylCN), phosphatidylcholines (PC), sphingomyelins (SM), and bile acids (BA) indicated extensive remodeling of the hepatic lipidome. The changes in AcylCN concentrations in early lactation suggest incomplete fatty acid oxidation in the liver, possibly indicating mitochondrial dysfunction or enzymatic imbalance. In addition, the changes in PC and SM species in early lactation indicate altered cell membrane composition, which may affect cell signaling and functionality. In addition, changes in BA concentrations and profiles indicate dynamic adaptations in BA synthesis, as well as lipid digestion and absorption during the observation period. In particular, principal component analysis showed an overlapping distribution of liver metabolites in primiparous and multiparous cows, indicating no significant difference between these groups. In addition, Volcano plots showed similar liver metabolism between primiparous and multiparous cows, with no significant fold changes (>1.5) in any metabolite at significant P-values (false discovery rate <0.05). These results provide valuable insight into the physiological ranges of liver metabolites during dry period and calving in healthy dairy cows and should contribute to the design and interpretation of future metabolite-based studies of the transition dairy cow.
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Affiliation(s)
- M H Ghaffari
- Institute of Animal Science, Physiology Unit, University of Bonn, 53115 Bonn, Germany.
| | | | - H Sadri
- Department of Clinical Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tabriz, 5166616471 Tabriz, Iran
| | - H Sauerwein
- Institute of Animal Science, Physiology Unit, University of Bonn, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - S Schuchardt
- Fraunhofer Institute for Toxicology and Experimental Medicine, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | | | - J Doelman
- Trouw Nutrition R&D, 3800 AG, Amersfoort, the Netherlands
| | - J-B Daniel
- Trouw Nutrition R&D, 3800 AG, Amersfoort, the Netherlands.
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Lu ZF, Hsu CY, Younis NK, Mustafa MA, Matveeva EA, Al-Juboory YHO, Adil M, Athab ZH, Abdulraheem MN. Exploring the significance of microbiota metabolites in rheumatoid arthritis: uncovering their contribution from disease development to biomarker potential. APMIS 2024; 132:382-415. [PMID: 38469726 DOI: 10.1111/apm.13401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a multifaceted autoimmune disorder characterized by chronic inflammation and joint destruction. Recent research has elucidated the intricate interplay between gut microbiota and RA pathogenesis, underscoring the role of microbiota-derived metabolites as pivotal contributors to disease development and progression. The human gut microbiota, comprising a vast array of microorganisms and their metabolic byproducts, plays a crucial role in maintaining immune homeostasis. Dysbiosis of this microbial community has been linked to numerous autoimmune disorders, including RA. Microbiota-derived metabolites, such as short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), tryptophan derivatives, Trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO), bile acids, peptidoglycan, and lipopolysaccharide (LPS), exhibit immunomodulatory properties that can either exacerbate or ameliorate inflammation in RA. Mechanistically, these metabolites influence immune cell differentiation, cytokine production, and gut barrier integrity, collectively shaping the autoimmune milieu. This review highlights recent advances in understanding the intricate crosstalk between microbiota metabolites and RA pathogenesis and also discusses the potential of specific metabolites to trigger or suppress autoimmunity, shedding light on their molecular interactions with immune cells and signaling pathways. Additionally, this review explores the translational aspects of microbiota metabolites as diagnostic and prognostic tools in RA. Furthermore, the challenges and prospects of translating these findings into clinical practice are critically examined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi-Feng Lu
- Heilongjiang Beidahuang Group General Hospital, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Chou-Yi Hsu
- Department of Pharmacy, Chia Nan University of Pharmacy and Science, Tainan, Taiwan
| | | | - Mohammed Ahmed Mustafa
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, University of Imam Jaafar AL-Sadiq, Kirkuk, Iraq
| | - Elena A Matveeva
- Department of Orthopaedic Dentistry, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russian Federation
| | | | - Mohaned Adil
- Pharmacy College, Al-Farahidi University, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Zainab H Athab
- Department of Pharmacy, Al-Zahrawi University College, Karbala, Iraq
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He M, Liu A, Shi J, Xu YJ, Liu Y. Multi-Omics Reveals the Effects of Cannabidiol on Gut Microbiota and Metabolic Phenotypes. Cannabis Cannabinoid Res 2024; 9:714-727. [PMID: 37098174 DOI: 10.1089/can.2022.0331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Cannabidiol (CBD) has important pharmacological activity, which includes antispasmodic, antioxidant, antithrombotic, and antianxiety properties. CBD has been applied as a health supplement to atherosclerosis. However, CBDs effect on gut microbiota and metabolic phenotype is unclear. Materials and Methods: We constructed a high production of cardiovascular risk factors, such as trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO) and phenylacetylglutamine (PAGln), in a mouse model using Clostridium sporogenes colonization. We used 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene sequencing and ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of flight mass spectrometry-based metabolomics to evaluate the effect of CBD on gut microbiota and plasma metabolites. Results: CBD decreased the levels of creatine kinase (CK), alanine transaminase (ALT), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and markedly increased high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. Furthermore, CBD treatment increased the abundance of beneficial bacteria, which include Lachnospiraceae_NK4A136 and Blautia in the gut, but it decreased the levels of TMAO and PAGln in the plasma. Conclusion: CBD might have beneficial effects for cardiovascular protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengxue He
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Aiyang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Jiachen Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Yong-Jiang Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Yuanfa Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
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Jiang C, Wang S, Wang Y, Wang K, Huang C, Gao F, Peng Hu H, Deng Y, Zhang W, Zheng J, Huang J, Li Y. Polyphenols from hickory nut reduce the occurrence of atherosclerosis in mice by improving intestinal microbiota and inhibiting trimethylamine N-oxide production. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 128:155349. [PMID: 38522315 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2024.155349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO), a metabolite produced by intestinal microbiota through metabolizing phosphatidylcholine, choline, l-carnitine and betaine in the diet, has been implicated in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis (AS). Concurrently, dietary polyphenols have garnered attention for their potential to ameliorate obesity, diabetes and atherosclerosis primarily by modulating the intestinal microbial structure. Hickory (Carya cathayensis) nut, a polyphenol-rich food product favored for its palatability, emerges as a candidate for exploration. HYPOTHESIS/PURPOSE The relationship between polyphenol of hickory nut and atherosclerosis prevention will be firstly clarified, providing theoretical basis for the discovery of natural products counteracting TMAO-induced AS process in hickory nut. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS Employing Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) and histological examination of aortic samples, the effects of total polyphenol extract on obesity index, inflammatory index and pathological changes of atherosclerosis in C57BL/6 J mice fed with high-fat and high choline diet were evaluated. Further, the composition, abundance, and function of mouse gut microbiota were analyzed through 16srDNA sequencing. Concurrently, the levels of TMAO and the expression of key enzymes (CutC and FMO3) involved in its synthesis are quantified using ELISA, Western Blot and Real-Time Quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR). Additionally, targeted metabolomic profiling of the hickory nut polyphenol extract was conducted, accompanied by molecular docking simulations to predict interactions between candidate polyphenols and the CutC/FMO3 using Autodock Vina. Finally, the docking prediction were verified by microscale thermophoresis (MST) . RESULTS Polyphenol extracts of hickory nut improved the index of obesity and inflammation, and alleviated the pathological changes of atherosclerosis in C57BL/6 J mice fed with high-fat and high-choline diet. Meanwhile, these polyphenol extracts also changed the composition and function of intestinal microbiota, and increased the abundance of microorganisms in mice. Notably, the abundance of intestinal microbiota endowed with CutC gene was significantly reduced, coherent with expression of CutC catalyzing TMA production. Moreover, polyphenol extracts also decreased the expression of FMO3 in the liver, contributing to the reduction of TMAO levels in serum. Furthermore, metabonomic profile analysis of these polyphenol extracts identified 647 kinds of polyphenols. Molecular docking predication further demonstrated that Casuariin and Cinnamtannin B2 had the most potential inhibition on the enzymatic activities of CutC or FMO3, respectively. Notably, MST analysis corroborated the potential for direct interaction between CutC enzyme and available polyphenols such as Corilagin, (-)-Gallocatechin gallate and Epigallocatechin gallate. CONCLUSION Hickory polyphenol extract can mitigate HFD-induced AS by regulating intestinal microflora in murine models. In addition, TMA-FMO3-TMAO pathway may play a key role in this process. This research unveils, for the inaugural time, the complex interaction between hickory nut-derived polyphenols and gut microbial, providing novel insights into the role of dietary polyphenols in AS prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenyu Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin'an, Zhejiang 311300, China
| | - Song Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin'an, Zhejiang 311300, China
| | - Yihan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin'an, Zhejiang 311300, China
| | - Ketao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin'an, Zhejiang 311300, China
| | - Chunying Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin'an, Zhejiang 311300, China
| | - Fei Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin'an, Zhejiang 311300, China
| | - Huang Peng Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin'an, Zhejiang 311300, China
| | - Yangyong Deng
- Hangzhou Yaoshengji Food Co., Ltd, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310052, China
| | - Wen Zhang
- Suichang County Food and Drug Safety Inspection and Testing Center, Suichang, Zhejiang 323300, China
| | - Jian Zheng
- Suichang County Food and Drug Safety Inspection and Testing Center, Suichang, Zhejiang 323300, China
| | - Jianqin Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin'an, Zhejiang 311300, China.
| | - Yan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin'an, Zhejiang 311300, China.
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Khan QA, Asad M, Ali AH, Farrukh AM, Naseem U, Semakieh B, Levin Carrion Y, Afzal M. Gut microbiota metabolites and risk of major adverse cardiovascular events and death: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Medicine (Baltimore) 2024; 103:e37825. [PMID: 39259062 PMCID: PMC11142832 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000037825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gut microbial metabolites such as trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) and its precursors, namely betaine, L-carnitine, and choline, have been implicated as risk factors for cardiovascular events and mortality development. Therefore, we aim to perform a systematic review and meta-analysis to assess the validity of these associations. METHODS MEDLINE and Scopus were queried from their inception to August 2023 to identify studies that quantified estimates of the associations of TMAO with the development of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) or death. A random-effects meta-analysis was conducted to pool unadjusted or multivariable-adjusted hazard ratios (HR) and their 95% confidence intervals. The primary endpoint was the risk of MACE and all-cause death. RESULTS 30 prospective observational studies (n = 48 968) were included in the analysis. Elevated TMAO levels were associated with a significantly greater risk of MACE and all-cause death compared to low TMAO levels (HR: 1.41, 95% CI 1.2-1.54, P < .00001, I2 = 43%) and (HR: 1.55, 95% CI 1.37-1.75, P < .00001, I2 = 46%), respectively. Furthermore, high levels of either L-carnitine or choline were found to significantly increase the risk of MACE. However, no significant difference was seen in MACE in either high or low levels of betaine. CONCLUSION Elevated concentrations of TMAO were associated with increased risks of MACE and all-cause mortality. High levels of L-carnitine/choline were also significantly associated with an increased risk of MACE. However, no significant difference was found between high or low levels of betaine for the outcome of MACE.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Usama Naseem
- Combined Military Hospital, CMH, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Bader Semakieh
- Arkansas College of Osteopathic Medicine, Fort Smith, AR
| | | | - Muhammad Afzal
- St. George’s University School of Medicine, True Blue, Grenada
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Jia J, Zhou L, Wang N, Zheng Q. Causal relationship between gut microbiota and intracranial hemorrhage: A two-sample Mendelian randomization study. Medicine (Baltimore) 2024; 103:e38275. [PMID: 38788039 PMCID: PMC11124667 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000038275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Patients with intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) usually have an imbalance in the gut microbiota (GM); however, whether this is a causal correlation remains unclear. This study used summary data from an open genome-wide association study to conduct double-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) to test the causal correlation between GM and ICH. First, we used a cutoff value of P < 10E-5 to select single nucleotide polymorphisms critical for each GM. Inverse variance weighted, weighted median, and MR-PRESSO methods were used to evaluate the strength of this causal association. Finally, functional maps and annotations from genome-wide association studies were used to determine the biological functions of the genes. MR analysis revealed that Rikenellaceae RC9 gut group was significantly positively correlated with ICH risk. For every unit increase in Rikenellaceae RC9 gut group, the relative risk of ICH increased by 34.4%(P = 4.62E-04). Rhodospirillales, Terrisporobacter, Veillonellaceae, Coprococcus 3, unknown genus, Alphaproteobacteria, and Allisonella groups were negatively correlated with the risk of ICH, while Anaerofilum, Eubacteriumbrachy group, Clostridia, Howardella, and Romboutsia were negatively correlated with the risk of ICH. Nonetheless, the specific role of single nucleotide polymorphisms gene enrichment requires further investigation. This study suggests the causal effect on ICH. The discovery of >10 GMs associated with ICH could be used to prevent and treat ICH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiameng Jia
- Rehabilitation Medicine Department, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China
| | - Lin Zhou
- Ultrasound Medicine Department, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China
| | - Nan Wang
- Ultrasound Medicine Department, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China
| | - Qiang Zheng
- Emergency Department, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
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Jieru P, Zhang S, Cai L, Long W, Wang Y, Zhang L, Dong Y, Zhang W, Liao J, Yang C. Dietary choline intake and health outcomes in U.S. adults: exploring the impact on cardiovascular disease, cancer prevalence, and all-cause mortality. JOURNAL OF HEALTH, POPULATION, AND NUTRITION 2024; 43:59. [PMID: 38711145 DOI: 10.1186/s41043-024-00528-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Choline, an indispensable nutrient, plays a pivotal role in various physiological processes. The available evidence regarding the nexus between dietary choline intake and health outcomes, encompassing cardiovascular disease (CVD), cancer, and all-cause mortality, is limited and inconclusive. This study aimed to comprehensively explore the relationship between dietary choline intake and the aforementioned health outcomes in adults aged > 20 years in the U.S. METHODS This study utilized data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey between 2011 and 2018. Dietary choline intake was evaluated using two 24-h dietary recall interviews. CVD and cancer status were determined through a combination of standardized medical status questionnaires and self-reported physician diagnoses. Mortality data were gathered from publicly available longitudinal Medicare and mortality records. The study utilized survey-weighted logistic and Cox regression analyses to explore the associations between choline consumption and health outcomes. Restricted cubic spline (RCS) analysis was used for dose‒response estimation and for testing for nonlinear associations. RESULTS In our study of 14,289 participants (mean age 48.08 years, 47.71% male), compared with those in the lowest quintile (Q1), the adjusted odds ratios (ORs) of CVD risk in the fourth (Q4) and fifth (Q5) quintiles of choline intake were 0.70 (95% CI 0.52, 0.95) and 0.65 (95% CI 0.47, 0.90), respectively (p for trend = 0.017). Each 100 mg increase in choline intake was associated with a 9% reduced risk of CVD. RCS analysis revealed a linear correlation between choline intake and CVD risk. Moderate choline intake (Q3) was associated with a reduced risk of mortality, with an HR of 0.75 (95% CI 0.60-0.94) compared with Q1. RCS analysis demonstrated a significant nonlinear association between choline intake and all-cause mortality (P for nonlinearity = 0.025). The overall cancer prevalence association was nonsignificant, except for colon cancer, where each 100 mg increase in choline intake indicated a 23% reduced risk. CONCLUSION Elevated choline intake demonstrates an inverse association with CVD and colon cancer, while moderate consumption exhibits a correlated reduction in mortality. Additional comprehensive investigations are warranted to elucidate the broader health implications of choline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Jieru
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China.
| | - Shanshan Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Lin Cai
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
- Non-communicable Diseases Research Center, West China-PUMC C.C. Chen Institute of Health, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Wencheng Long
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Yueshan Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Lu Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Yao Dong
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Wenqi Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Juan Liao
- Department of Gastroenterology, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China.
- Non-communicable Diseases Research Center, West China-PUMC C.C. Chen Institute of Health, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China.
| | - Chunxia Yang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China.
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Yu M, Chen X, Huang X, Gao X. Assessing the causal association between sleep apnea and the human gut microbiome composition: A two-sample Mendelian randomization study. SAGE Open Med 2024; 12:20503121241248044. [PMID: 38711464 PMCID: PMC11072075 DOI: 10.1177/20503121241248044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Studies have linked gut microbiota dysbiosis with sleep apnea; however, no causal relationship was found in human subjects. Finding new targets for the pathophysiology of sleep apnea might be made possible by systematically investigating the causal relationship between the human gut microbiota and sleep apnea. Methods A two-sample Mendelian randomization analysis was conducted. The human gut microbiome composition data, spanning five taxonomic levels, were acquired from a genome-wide association study that included 18,340 participants from 24 cohorts. Genome-wide association study data for sleep apnea were obtained from the Sleep Disorder Knowledge Portal for primary analysis and the FinnGen consortium for meta-analysis. Sensitivity analyses were conducted to evaluate heterogeneity and pleiotropy. Results Using inverse-variance weighted analysis, eight microbial taxa were initially found to be substantially linked with the apnea-hypopnea index. Only three microbial taxa remained significant associations with sleep apnea when combined with the FinnGen consortium (the class Bacilli: B = 8.21%, 95% CI = 0.93%-15.49%; p = 0.03; the order Lactobacillales: B = 7.55%, 95% CI = 0.25%-4.85%; p = 0.04; the genus RuminococcaceaeUCG009: B = -21.63%, 95% CI = -41.47% to -1.80%; p = 0.03). Conclusions Sleep apnea may lead to gut dysbiosis as significant reductions in butyrate-producing bacteria and increases in lactate-producing bacteria. By integrating genomes and metabolism, the evidence that three microbiome species are causally linked to sleep apnea may offer a fresh perspective on the underlying mechanisms of the condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Yu
- Department of Orthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, P.R. China
- Center for Oral Therapy of Sleep Apnea, Peking University Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, P.R. China
- National Center of Stomatology, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Xuehui Chen
- Department of Orthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, P.R. China
- Center for Oral Therapy of Sleep Apnea, Peking University Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, P.R. China
- National Center of Stomatology, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Xin Huang
- Department of Orthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, P.R. China
- Center for Oral Therapy of Sleep Apnea, Peking University Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, P.R. China
- National Center of Stomatology, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Xuemei Gao
- Department of Orthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, P.R. China
- Center for Oral Therapy of Sleep Apnea, Peking University Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, P.R. China
- National Center of Stomatology, Beijing, P.R. China
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Luo K, Peters BA, Moon JY, Xue X, Wang Z, Usyk M, Hanna DB, Landay AL, Schneider MF, Gustafson D, Weber KM, French A, Sharma A, Anastos K, Wang T, Brown T, Clish CB, Kaplan RC, Knight R, Burk RD, Qi Q. Metabolic and inflammatory perturbation of diabetes associated gut dysbiosis in people living with and without HIV infection. Genome Med 2024; 16:59. [PMID: 38643166 PMCID: PMC11032597 DOI: 10.1186/s13073-024-01336-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/22/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gut dysbiosis has been linked with both HIV infection and diabetes, but its interplay with metabolic and inflammatory responses in diabetes, particularly in the context of HIV infection, remains unclear. METHODS We first conducted a cross-sectional association analysis to characterize the gut microbial, circulating metabolite, and immune/inflammatory protein features associated with diabetes in up to 493 women (~ 146 with prevalent diabetes with 69.9% HIV +) of the Women's Interagency HIV Study. Prospective analyses were then conducted to determine associations of identified metabolites with incident diabetes over 12 years of follow-up in 694 participants (391 women from WIHS and 303 men from the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study; 166 incident cases were recorded) with and without HIV infection. Mediation analyses were conducted to explore whether gut bacteria-diabetes associations are explained by altered metabolites and proteins. RESULTS Seven gut bacterial genera were identified to be associated with diabetes (FDR-q < 0.1), with positive associations for Shigella, Escherichia, Megasphaera, and Lactobacillus, and inverse associations for Adlercreutzia, Ruminococcus, and Intestinibacter. Importantly, the associations of most species, especially Adlercreutzia and Ruminococcus, were largely independent of antidiabetic medications use. Meanwhile, 18 proteins and 76 metabolites, including 3 microbially derived metabolites (trimethylamine N-oxide, phenylacetylglutamine (PAGln), imidazolepropionic acid (IMP)), 50 lipids (e.g., diradylglycerols (DGs) and triradylglycerols (TGs)) and 23 non-lipid metabolites, were associated with diabetes (FDR-q < 0.1), with the majority showing positive associations and more than half of them (59/76) associated with incident diabetes. In mediation analyses, several proteins, especially interleukin-18 receptor 1 and osteoprotegerin, IMP and PAGln partially mediate the observed bacterial genera-diabetes associations, particularly for those of Adlercreutzia and Escherichia. Many diabetes-associated metabolites and proteins were altered in HIV, but no effect modification on their associations with diabetes was observed by HIV. CONCLUSION Among individuals with and without HIV, multiple gut bacterial genera, blood metabolites, and proinflammatory proteins were associated with diabetes. The observed mediated effects by metabolites and proteins in genera-diabetes associations highlighted the potential involvement of inflammatory and metabolic perturbations in the link between gut dysbiosis and diabetes in the context of HIV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Luo
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Brandilyn A Peters
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Jee-Young Moon
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Xiaonan Xue
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Zheng Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Mykhaylo Usyk
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - David B Hanna
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Alan L Landay
- Department of Internal Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Michael F Schneider
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Deborah Gustafson
- Department of Neurology, State University of New York-Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | | | - Audrey French
- Department of Internal Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Anjali Sharma
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Kathryn Anastos
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Women's Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Tao Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Todd Brown
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Clary B Clish
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Robert C Kaplan
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Rob Knight
- Center for Microbiome Innovation, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Robert D Burk
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Women's Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Qibin Qi
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA.
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
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Longtine AG, Greenberg NT, Bernaldo de Quirós Y, Brunt VE. The gut microbiome as a modulator of arterial function and age-related arterial dysfunction. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2024; 326:H986-H1005. [PMID: 38363212 PMCID: PMC11279790 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00764.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
The arterial system is integral to the proper function of all other organs and tissues. Arterial function is impaired with aging, and arterial dysfunction contributes to the development of numerous age-related diseases, including cardiovascular diseases. The gut microbiome has emerged as an important regulator of both normal host physiological function and impairments in function with aging. The purpose of this review is to summarize more recently published literature demonstrating the role of the gut microbiome in supporting normal arterial development and function and in modulating arterial dysfunction with aging in the absence of overt disease. The gut microbiome can be altered due to a variety of exposures, including physiological aging processes. We explore mechanisms by which the gut microbiome may contribute to age-related arterial dysfunction, with a focus on changes in various gut microbiome-related compounds in circulation. In addition, we discuss how modulating circulating levels of these compounds may be a viable therapeutic approach for improving artery function with aging. Finally, we identify and discuss various experimental considerations and research gaps/areas of future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abigail G Longtine
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, United States
| | - Nathan T Greenberg
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, United States
| | - Yara Bernaldo de Quirós
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, United States
- Instituto Universitario de Sanidad Animal y Seguridad Alimentaria, Universidad de las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas, Spain
| | - Vienna E Brunt
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, United States
- Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, United States
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Huang M, Duan S, Zhang Q, Guo L, Qin Z, Yang J. Deciphering the diurnal rhythm regulating mechanism of flavin-containing monooxygenase 3 in mouse liver. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2024; 169:106538. [PMID: 38320728 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2024.106538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
Circadian genes play an important role in the field of drug metabolism. Flavin-containing monooxygenase 3 is a well-known phase I enzyme which participates in metabolism of many exogenous and endogenous substances, especially production of trimethylamine N-oxide. Here, we aimed to decipher diurnal rhythms of flavin-containing monooxygenase 3 expression and activity, and explore the regulation mechanism by clock genes. Our results showed that its mRNA and protein exhibited robust diurnal rhythms in mouse liver and cell lines. Consistently, significant alterations were observed for in vitro microsomal N-oxidation rates of procainamide, which kept in line with its protein expression at different time in wild-type and reverse erythroblastosis virus α knockout mice. Further, flavin-containing monooxygenase 3 was negatively regulated by E4 promoter-binding protein 4 in AML12 and Hepa1-6 cells, while it was positively influenced by reverse erythroblastosis virus α and brain and muscle ARNT-like protein-1. Moreover, luciferase reporter assays and electrophoretic mobility shift assays showed E4 promoter-binding protein 4 inhibited the transcription of flavin-containing monooxygenase 3 by binding to a D-box1 element (-1606/-1594 bp), while brain and muscle ARNT-like protein-1 positively activated the transcription via direct binding to three E-boxes (-863/-858 bp, -507/-498 bp, and -115/-104 bp) in this enzyme promoter. Taken together, this study would be helpful to reveal the mechanism of clock-controlled drug metabolism and facilitate the practice of chrono-therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meixia Huang
- Department of Pharmacy, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Shuyi Duan
- Department of Pharmacy, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Qiwen Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China; Henan Engineering Research Center for Application & Translation of Precision Clinical Pharmacy, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Lianxia Guo
- Institute of Molecular Rhythm and Metabolism, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Zifei Qin
- Department of Pharmacy, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China; Henan Engineering Research Center for Application & Translation of Precision Clinical Pharmacy, Zhengzhou 450052, China.
| | - Jing Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China; Henan Engineering Research Center for Application & Translation of Precision Clinical Pharmacy, Zhengzhou 450052, China.
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Li X, Zhang L, Huang X, Peng Q, Zhang S, Tang J, Wang J, Gui D, Zeng F. High-throughput metabolomics identifies new biomarkers for cervical cancer. Discov Oncol 2024; 15:90. [PMID: 38551775 PMCID: PMC10980666 DOI: 10.1007/s12672-024-00948-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/01/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cervical cancer (CC) is a danger to women's health, especially in many developing countries. Metabolomics can make the connection between genotypes and phenotypes. It provides a wide spectrum profile of biological processes under pathological or physiological conditions. METHOD In this study, we conducted plasma metabolomics of healthy volunteers and CC patients and integratively analyzed them with public CC tissue transcriptomics from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO). RESULT Here, we screened out a panel of 5 metabolites to precisely distinguish CC patients from healthy volunteers. Furthermore, we utilized multi-omics approaches to explore patients with stage I-IIA1 and IIA2-IV4 CC and comprehensively analyzed the dysregulation of genes and metabolites in CC progression. We identified that plasma levels of trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) were associated with tumor size and regarded as a risk factor for CC. Moreover, we demonstrated that TMAO could promote HeLa cell proliferation in vitro. In this study, we delineated metabolic profiling in healthy volunteers and CC patients and revealed that TMAO was a potential biomarker to discriminate between I-IIA1 and IIA2-IV patients to indicate CC deterioration. CONCLUSION Our study identified a diagnostic model consisting of five metabolites in plasma that can effectively distinguish CC from healthy volunteers. Furthermore, we proposed that TMAO was associated with CC progression and might serve as a potential non-invasive biomarker to predict CC substage. IMPACT These findings provided evidence of the important role of metabolic molecules in the progression of cervical cancer disease, as well as their ability as potential biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Li
- Department of Clinical Research Center, Dazhou Central Hospital, Dazhou, 635000, Sichuan, China
| | - Liyi Zhang
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Dazhou Central Hospital, Dazhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Xuan Huang
- Department of Medical Research Center, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Qi Peng
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Dazhou Central Hospital, Dazhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Shoutao Zhang
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Dazhou Central Hospital, Dazhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Jiangming Tang
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Dazhou Central Hospital, Dazhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
| | - Dingqing Gui
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Dazhou Central Hospital, Dazhou, Sichuan, China.
| | - Fanxin Zeng
- Department of Clinical Research Center, Dazhou Central Hospital, Dazhou, 635000, Sichuan, China.
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Zhu J, He L. The Modulatory Effects of Curcumin on the Gut Microbiota: A Potential Strategy for Disease Treatment and Health Promotion. Microorganisms 2024; 12:642. [PMID: 38674587 PMCID: PMC11052165 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12040642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Curcumin (CUR) is a lipophilic natural polyphenol that can be isolated from the rhizome of turmeric. Studies have proposed that CUR possesses a variety of biological activities. Due to its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, CUR shows promise in the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease, while its anti-obesity effects make it a potential therapeutic agent in the management of obesity. In addition, curcumin's ability to prevent atherosclerosis and its cardiovascular benefits further expand its potential application in the treatment of cardiovascular disease. Nevertheless, owing to the limited bioavailability of CUR, it is difficult to validate its specific mechanism of action in the treatment of diseases. However, the restricted bioavailability of CUR makes it challenging to confirm its precise mode of action in disease treatment. Recent research indicates that the oral intake of curcumin may lead to elevated levels of residual curcumin in the gastrointestinal system, hinting at curcumin's potential to directly influence gut microbiota. Furthermore, the ecological dysregulation of the gut microbiota has been shown to be critical in the pathogenesis of human diseases. This review summarizes the impact of gut dysbiosis on host health and the various ways in which curcumin modulates dysbiosis and ameliorates various diseases caused by it through the administration of curcumin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junwen Zhu
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China;
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Doğan D, Çelik T. Research trends on the gut microbiota in endocrine metabolism: a thematic and bibliometric analysis. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2024; 14:1371727. [PMID: 38585653 PMCID: PMC10995354 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2024.1371727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Gut microbiota studies in the field of endocrinology metabolism have attracted increasing attention in recent years. To comprehensively assess the evolving landscape of this research field, we conducted a thorough bibliometric analysis of gut microbiota studies in endocrinology metabolism indexed in the Web of Science database. Methods We collected and analyzed 3,339 original research articles and reviews published from 1972 to 2023. Using various bibliometric indicators, we investigated publication trends, country contributions, international collaborations, prolific authors, top journals, and influential articles. Results Our analysis revealed a significant upsurge in publications after 2010, indicating a growing scientific interest in microbiota and endocrinology metabolism. Keyword and thematic analyses have identified gut microbiota, obesity, diabetes, and inflammation as core research themes. Additionally, the roles of probiotics and prebiotics are increasingly researched for their therapeutic effects in shaping the microbiota. Conclusion This study reveals that research in endocrinology metabolism is increasingly decoding the connection between gut microbiota and diseases. There's also a growing focus on microbiota manipulation, which points to a shift towards personalized medicine. Future research should focus on integrating these findings into clinical practice, moving from lab-based studies to real-world patient care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Durmus Doğan
- Department of Pediatric Medicine, Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Çanakkale, Türkiye
| | - Taylan Çelik
- Department of Pediatric Medicine, Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Çanakkale, Türkiye
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Dolkar P, Deyang T, Anand N, Rathipriya AG, Hediyal TA, Chandrasekaran V, Krishnamoorthy NK, Gorantla VR, Bishir M, Rashan L, Chang SL, Sakharkar MK, Yang J, Chidambaram SB. Trimethylamine-N-oxide and cerebral stroke risk: A review. Neurobiol Dis 2024; 192:106423. [PMID: 38286388 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2024.106423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 01/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO) is a gut microbiota-derived metabolite produced by the action of gut microbiota and the hepatic enzyme Flavin Mono‑oxygenase 3 (FMO3). TMAO level has a positive correlation with the risk of cardiovascular events, including stroke, and their level is influenced mainly by dietary choice and the action of liver enzyme FMO3. TMAO plays a role in the development of atherosclerosis plaque, which is one of the causative factors of the stroke event. Preclinical and clinical investigations on the TMAO and associated stroke risk, severity, and outcomes are summarised in this review. In addition, mechanisms of TMAO-driven vascular dysfunction are also discussed, such as inflammation, oxidative stress, thrombus and foam cell formation, altered cholesterol and bile acid metabolism, etc. Post-stroke inflammatory cascades involving activation of immune cells, i.e., microglia and astrocytes, result in Blood-brain-barrier (BBB) disruption, allowing TMAO to infiltrate the brain and further aggravate inflammation. This event occurs as a result of the activation of the NOD-like receptor family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome pathway through the release of inflammatory cytokines and chemokines that further aggravate the BBB and initiate further recruitment of immune cells in the brain. Thus, it's likely that maintaining TMAO levels and associated gut microbiota could be a promising approach for treating and improving stroke complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phurbu Dolkar
- Department of Pharmacology, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Mysuru 570015, Karnataka, India
| | - Tenzin Deyang
- Department of Pharmacology, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Mysuru 570015, Karnataka, India
| | - Nikhilesh Anand
- Department of Pharmacology, American University of Antigua, College of Medicine, Saint John's, Po Box W-1451, Antigua and Barbuda
| | | | - Tousif Ahmed Hediyal
- Department of Pharmacology, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Mysuru 570015, Karnataka, India; Centre for Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, Central Animal Facility, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Mysuru 570015, Karnataka, India
| | - Vichitra Chandrasekaran
- Department of Pharmacology, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Mysuru 570015, Karnataka, India; Centre for Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, Central Animal Facility, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Mysuru 570015, Karnataka, India
| | - Naveen Kumar Krishnamoorthy
- Department of Pharmacology, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Mysuru 570015, Karnataka, India; Centre for Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, Central Animal Facility, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Mysuru 570015, Karnataka, India
| | - Vasavi Rakesh Gorantla
- Department of Biomedical sciences, Research Faculty, West Virginia School of Osteopathic Medicine, Lewisburg, WV 24901, USA
| | - Muhammed Bishir
- Institute of NeuroImmune Pharmacology and Department of Biological Sciences, Seton Hall University, South Orange, New Jersey 07079, USA
| | - Luay Rashan
- Biodiversity Research Centre, Dohfar University, Salalah, Sultanate of Oman
| | - Sulie L Chang
- Institute of NeuroImmune Pharmacology and Department of Biological Sciences, Seton Hall University, South Orange, New Jersey 07079, USA
| | - Meena Kishore Sakharkar
- Drug discovery and Development Research Group, College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E5, Canada
| | - Jian Yang
- Drug discovery and Development Research Group, College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E5, Canada.
| | - Saravana Babu Chidambaram
- Department of Pharmacology, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Mysuru 570015, Karnataka, India; Centre for Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, Central Animal Facility, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Mysuru 570015, Karnataka, India.
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Hou C, Chen Y, Hazeena SH, Tain Y, Hsieh C, Chen D, Liu R, Shih M. Cardiovascular risk of dietary trimethylamine oxide precursors and the therapeutic potential of resveratrol and its derivatives. FEBS Open Bio 2024; 14:358-379. [PMID: 38151750 PMCID: PMC10909991 DOI: 10.1002/2211-5463.13762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Overall diet, lifestyle choices, genetic predisposition, and other underlying health conditions may contribute to higher trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) levels and increased cardiovascular risk. This review explores the potential therapeutic ability of RSV to protect against cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and affect TMAO levels. This review considers recent studies on the association of TMAO with CVD. It also examines the sources, mechanisms, and metabolism of TMAO along with TMAO-induced cardiovascular events. Plant polyphenolic compounds, including resveratrol (RSV), and their cardioprotective mechanism of regulating TMAO levels and modifying gut microbiota are also discussed here. RSV's salient features and bioactive properties in reducing CVD have been evaluated. The close relationship between TMAO and CVD is clearly understood from currently available data, making it a potent biomarker for CVD. Precise investigation, including clinical trials, must be performed to understand RSV's mechanism, dose, effects, and derivatives as a cardioprotectant agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih‐Yao Hou
- Department of Seafood Science, College of HydrosphereNational Kaohsiung University of Science and TechnologyTaiwan
| | - Yu‐Wei Chen
- Department of Food Science and BiotechnologyNational Chung Hsing UniversityTaichungTaiwan
- Department of PediatricsKaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial HospitalTaiwan
| | - Sulfath Hakkim Hazeena
- Department of Seafood Science, College of HydrosphereNational Kaohsiung University of Science and TechnologyTaiwan
| | - You‐Lin Tain
- Department of PediatricsKaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial HospitalTaiwan
- Institute for Translational Research in BiomedicineKaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial HospitalTaiwan
- College of MedicineChang Gung UniversityTaoyuanTaiwan
| | - Chang‐Wei Hsieh
- Department of Food Science and BiotechnologyNational Chung Hsing UniversityTaichungTaiwan
- Department of Medical ResearchChina Medical University HospitalTaichungTaiwan
| | - De‐Quan Chen
- Department of Seafood Science, College of HydrosphereNational Kaohsiung University of Science and TechnologyTaiwan
| | - Rou‐Yun Liu
- Department of Seafood Science, College of HydrosphereNational Kaohsiung University of Science and TechnologyTaiwan
| | - Ming‐Kuei Shih
- Graduate Institute of Food Culture and InnovationNational Kaohsiung University of Hospitality and TourismTaiwan
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Fan C, Xu J, Tong H, Fang Y, Chen Y, Lin Y, Chen R, Chen F, Wu G. Gut-brain communication mediates the impact of dietary lipids on cognitive capacity. Food Funct 2024; 15:1803-1824. [PMID: 38314832 DOI: 10.1039/d3fo05288e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
Cognitive impairment, as a prevalent symptom of nervous system disorders, poses one of the most challenging aspects in the management of brain diseases. Lipids present in the cell membranes of all neurons within the brain and dietary lipids can regulate the cognition and memory function. In recent years, the advancements in gut microbiome research have enabled the exploration of dietary lipids targeting the gut-brain axis as a strategy for regulating cognition. This present review provides an in-depth overview of how lipids modulate cognition via the gut-brain axis depending on metabolic, immune, neural and endocrine pathways. It also comprehensively analyzes the effects of diverse lipids on the gut microbiota and intestinal barrier function, thereby affecting the central nervous system and cognitive capacity. Moreover, comparative analysis of the positive and negative effects is presented between beneficial and detrimental lipids. The former encompass monounsaturated fatty acids, short-chain fatty acids, omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, phospholipids, phytosterols, fungal sterols and bioactive lipid-soluble vitamins, as well as lipid-derived gut metabolites, whereas the latter (detrimental lipids) include medium- or long-chain fatty acids, excessive proportions of n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids, industrial trans fatty acids, and zoosterols. To sum up, the focus of this review is on how gut-brain communication mediates the impact of dietary lipids on cognitive capacity, providing a novel theoretical foundation for promoting brain cognitive health and scientific lipid consumption patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenhan Fan
- School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315211, China.
| | - Jingxuan Xu
- School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315211, China.
| | - Haoxiang Tong
- School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315211, China.
| | - Yucheng Fang
- School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315211, China.
| | - Yiming Chen
- School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315211, China.
| | - Yangzhuo Lin
- School of Basic Medical Science, Health Science Center, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315211, P. R. China
| | - Rui Chen
- School of Basic Medical Science, Health Science Center, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315211, P. R. China
| | - Fuhao Chen
- School of Basic Medical Science, Health Science Center, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315211, P. R. China
| | - Guoqing Wu
- School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315211, China.
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Wei B, Deng N, Guo H, Wei Y, Xu F, Luo S, You W, Chen J, Li W, Si X. Trimethylamine N-oxide promotes abdominal aortic aneurysm by inducing vascular inflammation and vascular smooth muscle cell phenotypic switching. Eur J Pharmacol 2024; 965:176307. [PMID: 38160930 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2023.176307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Inflammation and vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) phenotypic switching are implicated in the pathogenesis of abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA). Trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) has emerged as a crucial risk factor in cardiovascular diseases, inducing vascular inflammation and calcification. We aimed to evaluate the effect of TMAO on the formation of AAA. APPROACH AND RESULTS Here, we showed that TMAO was elevated in plasma from AAA patients compared with nonaneurysmal subjects by liquid chromatography‒mass spectrometry (LC‒MS) detection. Functional studies revealed that increased TMAO induced by feeding a choline-supplemented diet promoted Ang II-induced AAA formation. Immunohistochemistry, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and Western blot analyses revealed that TMAO induced macrophage infiltration and inflammatory factor release. Conversely, inhibition of TMAO by supplementation with DMB suppressed AAA formation and the inflammatory response. Molecular studies revealed that TMAO regulated VSMC phenotypic switching. Flow cytometry analyses showed that TMAO induces macrophage M1-type polarization. Furthermore, pharmacological intervention experiments suggested that the nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) signaling pathway was critical for TMAO to trigger AAA formation. CONCLUSIONS TMAO promotes AAA formation by inducing vascular inflammation and VSMC phenotypic switching through activation of the NF-κB signaling pathway. Thus, TMAO is a prospective therapeutic AAA target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Wei
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, No. 28 Guiyi Road, Guiyang, 550004, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Na Deng
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, No. 28 Guiyi Road, Guiyang, 550004, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Haijun Guo
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, No. 28 Guiyi Road, Guiyang, 550004, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Yingying Wei
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, No. 28 Guiyi Road, Guiyang, 550004, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Fujia Xu
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, No. 28 Guiyi Road, Guiyang, 550004, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Sihan Luo
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, No. 28 Guiyi Road, Guiyang, 550004, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Weili You
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, No. 28 Guiyi Road, Guiyang, 550004, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Jingjing Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, No. 28 Guiyi Road, Guiyang, 550004, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, No. 28 Guiyi Road, Guiyang, 550004, Guizhou Province, China.
| | - Xiaoyun Si
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, No. 28 Guiyi Road, Guiyang, 550004, Guizhou Province, China.
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Luqman A, He M, Hassan A, Ullah M, Zhang L, Rashid Khan M, Din AU, Ullah K, Wang W, Wang G. Mood and microbes: a comprehensive review of intestinal microbiota's impact on depression. Front Psychiatry 2024; 15:1295766. [PMID: 38404464 PMCID: PMC10884216 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1295766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Depression is considered a multifaceted and intricate mental disorder of growing concern due to its significant impact on global health issues. The human gut microbiota, also known as the "second brain," has an important role in the CNS by regulating it through chemical, immunological, hormonal, and neurological processes. Various studies have found a significant bidirectional link between the brain and the gut, emphasizing the onset of depression therapies. The biological and molecular processes underlying depression and microbiota are required, as the bidirectional association may represent a novel study. However, profound insights into the stratification and diversity of the gut microbiota are still uncommon. This article investigates the emerging evidence of a bacterial relationship between the gut and the brain's neurological system and its potential pathogenicity and relevance. The interplay of microbiota, immune system, nervous system neurotransmitter synthesis, and neuroplasticity transitions is also widely studied. The consequences of stress, dietary fibers, probiotics, prebiotics, and antibiotics on the GB axis are being studied. Multiple studies revealed the processes underlying this axis and led to the development of effective microbiota-based drugs for both prevention and treatment. Therefore, the results support the hypothesis that gut microbiota influences depression and provide a promising area of research for an improved knowledge of the etiology of the disease and future therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ameer Luqman
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implant, Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Mei He
- Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Adil Hassan
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implant, Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Nano/Micro Composite Materials and Devices, Chongqing University of Science and Technology, Chongqing, China
- JinFeng Laboratory, Chongqing, China
| | - Mehtab Ullah
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implant, Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | | | - Muhammad Rashid Khan
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implant, Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ahmad Ud Din
- Plants for Human Health Institute, Department of Food, Bioprocessing and Nutrition Sciences, North Carolina State University, Kannapolis, NC, United States
| | - Kamran Ullah
- Department of Biology, The University of Haripur, Haripur, Pakistan
| | - Wei Wang
- Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Guixue Wang
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implant, Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
- JinFeng Laboratory, Chongqing, China
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