1
|
Faust TE, Lee YH, O’Connor CD, Boyle MA, Gunner G, Badimon A, Ayata P, Schaefer A, Schafer DP. Microglia-astrocyte crosstalk regulates synapse remodeling via Wnt signaling. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.02.08.579178. [PMID: 38370645 PMCID: PMC10871360 DOI: 10.1101/2024.02.08.579178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
Astrocytes and microglia are emerging key regulators of activity-dependent synapse remodeling that engulf and remove synapses in response to changes in neural activity. Yet, the degree to which these cells communicate to coordinate this process remains an open question. Here, we use whisker removal in postnatal mice to induce activity-dependent synapse removal in the barrel cortex. We show that astrocytes do not engulf synapses in this paradigm. Instead, astrocytes reduce their contact with synapses prior to microglia-mediated synapse engulfment. We further show that reduced astrocyte-contact with synapses is dependent on microglial CX3CL1-CX3CR1 signaling and release of Wnts from microglia following whisker removal. These results demonstrate an activity-dependent mechanism by which microglia instruct astrocyte-synapse interactions, which then provides a permissive environment for microglia to remove synapses. We further show that this mechanism is critical to remodel synapses in a changing sensory environment and this signaling is upregulated in several disease contexts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Travis E. Faust
- Department of Neurobiology, Brudnick Neuropsychiatric Research Institute, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Yi-Han Lee
- Department of Neurobiology, Brudnick Neuropsychiatric Research Institute, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
- These authors contributed equally
| | - Ciara D. O’Connor
- Department of Neurobiology, Brudnick Neuropsychiatric Research Institute, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON, Canada K7L 3N6
- These authors contributed equally
| | - Margaret A. Boyle
- Department of Neurobiology, Brudnick Neuropsychiatric Research Institute, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
- These authors contributed equally
| | - Georgia Gunner
- Department of Neurobiology, Brudnick Neuropsychiatric Research Institute, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
- Department of Immunology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Ana Badimon
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Patricia and John Rosenwald Laboratory of Neurobiology and Genetics, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Pinar Ayata
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Neuroscience Initiative, Advanced Science Research Center, The City University of New York Graduate Center, New York, NY 10031, USA
| | - Anne Schaefer
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Dorothy P. Schafer
- Department of Neurobiology, Brudnick Neuropsychiatric Research Institute, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
- Lead contact
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Li AH, Kuo YY, Yang SB, Chen PC. Central Channelopathies in Obesity. CHINESE J PHYSIOL 2024; 67:15-26. [PMID: 38780269 DOI: 10.4103/ejpi.ejpi-d-23-00029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
As obesity has raised heightening awareness, researchers have attempted to identify potential targets that can be treated for therapeutic intervention. Focusing on the central nervous system (CNS), the key organ in maintaining energy balance, a plethora of ion channels that are expressed in the CNS have been inspected and determined through manipulation in different hypothalamic neural subpopulations for their roles in fine-tuning neuronal activity on energy state alterations, possibly acting as metabolic sensors. However, a remaining gap persists between human clinical investigations and mouse studies. Despite having delineated the pathways and mechanisms of how the mouse study-identified ion channels modulate energy homeostasis, only a few targets overlap with the obesity-related risk genes extracted from human genome-wide association studies. Here, we present the most recently discovered CNS-specific metabolism-correlated ion channels using reverse and forward genetics approaches in mice and humans, respectively, in the hope of illuminating the prospects for future therapeutic development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Athena Hsu Li
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ying Kuo
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Shi-Bing Yang
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Chun Chen
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Frumer GR, Shin SH, Jung S, Kim JS. Not just Glia-Dissecting brain macrophages in the mouse. Glia 2024; 72:5-18. [PMID: 37501579 DOI: 10.1002/glia.24445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
Macrophages have emerged as critical cellular components of the central nervous system (CNS), promoting development, maintenance, and immune defense of the CNS. Here we will review recent advances in our understanding of brain macrophage heterogeneity, including microglia and border-associated macrophages, focusing on the mouse. Emphasis will be given to the discussion of strengths and limitations of the experimental approaches that have led to the recent insights and hold promise to further deepen our mechanistic understanding of brain macrophages that might eventually allow to harness their activities for the management of CNS pathologies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gal Ronit Frumer
- Department of Immunology and Regenerative Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Sun-Hye Shin
- Department of Immunology and Regenerative Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Steffen Jung
- Department of Immunology and Regenerative Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Jung-Seok Kim
- Department of Immunology and Regenerative Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Kim JS, Jung S. Visualization, Fate Mapping, Ablation, and Mutagenesis of Microglia in the Mouse Brain. ADVANCES IN NEUROBIOLOGY 2024; 37:53-63. [PMID: 39207686 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-55529-9_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
Since the classical studies of Pío del Río-Hortega, microglia research has come a long way. In particular, recent advances in bulk and single-cell (sc) transcriptomics have yielded many fascinating new insights into these intriguing immune cells at the interface with the central nervous system (CNS), both in small animal models and human samples. In parallel, tools developed by advanced mouse genetics have revealed the unique ontogeny of microglia and their striking dynamic interactions with other cells in the brain parenchyma. In this chapter, we will discuss various applications of the Cre/loxP-based approach that have enabled the study of microglia in their physiological context of the mouse brain. We will highlight selected key findings that have shaped our current understanding of these cells and discuss the technical intricacies of the Cre/loxP approach and some remaining challenges.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jung-Seok Kim
- Department of Immunology and Regenerative Biology (IRB), Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel.
| | - Steffen Jung
- Department of Immunology and Regenerative Biology (IRB), Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Douglass JD, Ness KM, Valdearcos M, Wyse-Jackson A, Dorfman MD, Frey JM, Fasnacht RD, Santiago OD, Niraula A, Banerjee J, Robblee M, Koliwad SK, Thaler JP. Obesity-associated microglial inflammatory activation paradoxically improves glucose tolerance. Cell Metab 2023; 35:1613-1629.e8. [PMID: 37572666 PMCID: PMC10528677 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2023.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/14/2023]
Abstract
Hypothalamic gliosis associated with high-fat diet (HFD) feeding increases susceptibility to hyperphagia and weight gain. However, the body-weight-independent contribution of microglia to glucose regulation has not been determined. Here, we show that reducing microglial nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) signaling via cell-specific IKKβ deletion exacerbates HFD-induced glucose intolerance despite reducing body weight and adiposity. Conversely, two genetic approaches to increase microglial pro-inflammatory signaling (deletion of an NF-κB pathway inhibitor and chemogenetic activation through a modified Gq-coupled muscarinic receptor) improved glucose tolerance independently of diet in both lean and obese rodents. Microglial regulation of glucose homeostasis involves a tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α)-dependent mechanism that increases activation of pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC) and other hypothalamic glucose-sensing neurons, ultimately leading to a marked amplification of first-phase insulin secretion via a parasympathetic pathway. Overall, these data indicate that microglia regulate glucose homeostasis in a body-weight-independent manner, an unexpected mechanism that limits the deterioration of glucose tolerance associated with obesity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- John D Douglass
- UW Medicine Diabetes Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Kelly M Ness
- UW Medicine Diabetes Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Martin Valdearcos
- The Diabetes Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Alice Wyse-Jackson
- UW Medicine Diabetes Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Mauricio D Dorfman
- UW Medicine Diabetes Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Jeremy M Frey
- UW Medicine Diabetes Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Rachael D Fasnacht
- UW Medicine Diabetes Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Olivia D Santiago
- UW Medicine Diabetes Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Anzela Niraula
- UW Medicine Diabetes Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Jineta Banerjee
- UW Medicine Diabetes Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Megan Robblee
- The Diabetes Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Suneil K Koliwad
- The Diabetes Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.
| | - Joshua P Thaler
- UW Medicine Diabetes Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Wu Q, Sacomboio E, Valente de Souza L, Martins R, Kitoko J, Cardoso S, Ademolue TW, Paixão T, Lehtimäki J, Figueiredo A, Norden C, Tharaux PL, Weiss G, Wang F, Ramos S, Soares MP. Renal control of life-threatening malarial anemia. Cell Rep 2023; 42:112057. [PMID: 36735532 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Iron recycling prevents the development of anemia under homeostatic conditions. Whether iron recycling was co-opted as a defense strategy to prevent the development of anemia in response to infection is unclear. We find that in severe Plasmodium falciparum malaria, the onset of life-threatening anemia is associated with acute kidney injury (AKI), irrespective of parasite load. Using a well-established experimental rodent model of malaria anemia, we identify a transcriptional response that endows renal proximal tubule epithelial cells (RPTECs) with the capacity to store and recycle iron during P. chabaudi chabaudi (Pcc) infection. This response encompasses the induction of ferroportin 1/SLC40A1, which exports iron from RPTECs and counteracts AKI while supporting compensatory erythropoiesis and preventing the onset of life-threatening malarial anemia. Iron recycling by myeloid cells is dispensable to this protective response, suggesting that RPTECs provide an iron-recycling salvage pathway that prevents the pathogenesis of life-threatening malarial anemia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qian Wu
- Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência, Oeiras, Portugal
| | | | - Lara Valente de Souza
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Infectious Diseases, Immunology, Rheumatology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria; Christian Doppler Laboratory for Iron Metabolism and Anemia Research, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Rui Martins
- Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Jamil Kitoko
- Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência, Oeiras, Portugal
| | | | | | - Tiago Paixão
- Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência, Oeiras, Portugal
| | | | | | - Caren Norden
- Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Pierre-Louis Tharaux
- Paris Cardiovascular Center (PARCC), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (Inserm), Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Guenter Weiss
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Infectious Diseases, Immunology, Rheumatology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria; Christian Doppler Laboratory for Iron Metabolism and Anemia Research, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Fudi Wang
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Institute of Translational Medicine, School of Public Health, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Susana Ramos
- Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência, Oeiras, Portugal.
| | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Tavares MR, Frazao R, Donato J. Understanding the role of growth hormone in situations of metabolic stress. J Endocrinol 2023; 256:JOE-22-0159. [PMID: 36327147 DOI: 10.1530/joe-22-0159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Growth hormone (GH) is secreted by the anterior pituitary gland and plays a key role in controlling tissue and body growth. While basal GH secretion is considerably reduced along adulthood and aging, several situations of metabolic stress can lead to robust increases in circulating GH levels. The objective of the present review is to summarize and discuss the importance of GH regulating different physiological functions in situations of metabolic stress, including prolonged food restriction, hypoglycemia, exercise, pregnancy, and obesity. The presented data indicate that GH increases hunger perception/food intake, fat mobilization, blood glucose levels, and insulin resistance and produces changes in energy expenditure and neuroendocrine responses during metabolic challenges. When all these effects are considered in the context of situations of metabolic stress, they contribute to restore homeostasis by (1) helping the organism to use appropriate energy substrates, (2) preventing hypoglycemia or increasing the availability of glucose, (3) stimulating feeding to provide nutrients in response to energy-demanding activities or to accelerate the recovery of energy stores, and (4) affecting the activity of neuronal populations involved in the control of metabolism and stress response. Thus, the central and peripheral effects of GH coordinate multiple adaptations during situations of metabolic stress that ultimately help the organism restore homeostasis, increasing the chances of survival.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Rosolen Tavares
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Instituto de Ciencias Biomedicas, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Renata Frazao
- Department of Anatomy, Instituto de Ciencias Biomedicas, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jose Donato
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Instituto de Ciencias Biomedicas, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Zhang Y, Lin C, Liu Z, Sun Y, Chen M, Guo Y, Liu W, Zhang C, Chen W, Sun J, Xia R, Hu Y, Yang X, Li J, Zhang Z, Cao W, Sun S, Wang X, Ji T. Cancer cells co-opt nociceptive nerves to thrive in nutrient-poor environments and upon nutrient-starvation therapies. Cell Metab 2022; 34:1999-2017.e10. [PMID: 36395769 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2022.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Revised: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Although nutrient-starvation therapies can elicit strong anti-tumor effects in multiple carcinomas, it has been convincingly demonstrated that cancer cells exploit the tumor microenvironment to thrive in nutrient-poor environments. Here, we reveal that cancer cells can co-opt nociceptive nerves to thrive in nutrient-poor environments. Initially examining the low-glucose environment of oral mucosa carcinomas, we discovered that cancer cells employ ROS-triggered activation of c-Jun to secrete nerve growth factor (NGF), which conditions nociceptive nerves for calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) production. The neurogenic CGRP subsequently induces cytoprotective autophagy in cancer cells through Rap1-mediated disruption of the mTOR-Raptor interaction. Both anti-glycolysis and anti-angiogenesis-based nutrient-starvation therapies aggravate the vicious cycle of cancer cells and nociceptive nerves and therapeutically benefit from blocking neurogenic CGRP with an FDA-approved antimigraine drug. Our study sheds light on the role of the nociceptive nerve as a microenvironmental accomplice of cancer progression in nutrient-poor environments and upon nutrient-starvation therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhang
- Department of Oral Maxillofacial-Head Neck Oncology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China; College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Chengzhong Lin
- College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai 200011, China; The 2nd Dental Center, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Zheqi Liu
- Department of Oral Maxillofacial-Head Neck Oncology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China; College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Yiting Sun
- College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai 200011, China; Department of Oral & Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Mingtao Chen
- Department of Oral Maxillofacial-Head Neck Oncology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China; College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Yibo Guo
- Department of Oral Maxillofacial-Head Neck Oncology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China; College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Oral Maxillofacial-Head Neck Oncology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China; College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Chenping Zhang
- Department of Oral Maxillofacial-Head Neck Oncology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China; College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Wantao Chen
- Department of Oral Maxillofacial-Head Neck Oncology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China; College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Jian Sun
- Department of Oral Maxillofacial-Head Neck Oncology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China; College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Ronghui Xia
- College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai 200011, China; Department of Oral Pathology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Yuhua Hu
- College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai 200011, China; Department of Oral Pathology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Xi Yang
- Department of Oral Maxillofacial-Head Neck Oncology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China; College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Jiang Li
- College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai 200011, China; Department of Oral Pathology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Zhiyuan Zhang
- Department of Oral Maxillofacial-Head Neck Oncology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China; College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Wei Cao
- Department of Oral Maxillofacial-Head Neck Oncology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China; College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Shuyang Sun
- Department of Oral Maxillofacial-Head Neck Oncology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China; College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai 200011, China.
| | - Xu Wang
- Department of Oral Maxillofacial-Head Neck Oncology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China; College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai 200011, China.
| | - Tong Ji
- Department of Oral Maxillofacial-Head Neck Oncology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China; College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai 200011, China.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Zhou Q, Liu C, Chen T, Liu Y, Cao R, Ni X, Yang WZ, Shen Q, Sun H, Shen WL. Cooling-activated dorsomedial hypothalamic BDNF neurons control cold defense in mice. J Neurochem 2022; 163:220-232. [PMID: 35862478 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.15666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Revised: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BDNF and its expressing neurons in the brain critically control feeding and energy expenditure (EE) in both rodents and humans. However, whether BDNF neurons would function in thermoregulation during temperature challenges is unclear. Here, we show that BDNF neurons in the dorsomedial hypothalamus (DMHBDNF ) of mice are activated by afferent cooling signals. These cooling-activated BDNF neurons are mainly GABAergic. Activation of DMHBDNF neurons or the GABAergic subpopulations is sufficient to increase body temperature, EE, and physical activity. Conversely, blocking DMHBDNF neurons substantially impairs cold defense and reduces energy expenditure, physical activity, and UCP1 expression in BAT, which eventually results in bodyweight gain and glucose/insulin intolerance. Therefore, we identify a subset of DMHBDNF neurons as a novel type of cooling-activated neurons to promote cold defense. Thus, we reveal a critical role of BDNF circuitry in thermoregulation, which deepens our understanding of BDNF in controlling energy homeostasis and obesity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qian Zhou
- School of Life Science and Technology, Shanghaitech University, Shanghai, China
| | - Changhao Liu
- School of Life Science and Technology, Shanghaitech University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ting Chen
- School of Life Science and Technology, Shanghaitech University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanyang Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ren Cao
- School of Life Science and Technology, Shanghaitech University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xinyan Ni
- School of Life Science and Technology, Shanghaitech University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wen Z Yang
- School of Life Science and Technology, Shanghaitech University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiwei Shen
- Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongbin Sun
- School of Life Science and Technology, Shanghaitech University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei L Shen
- School of Life Science and Technology, Shanghaitech University, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Wang Q, Zhang B, Stutz B, Liu ZW, Horvath TL, Yang X. Ventromedial hypothalamic OGT drives adipose tissue lipolysis and curbs obesity. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabn8092. [PMID: 36044565 PMCID: PMC9432828 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abn8092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The ventromedial hypothalamus (VMH) is known to regulate body weight and counterregulatory response. However, how VMH neurons regulate lipid metabolism and energy balance remains unknown. O-linked β-d-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) modification (O-GlcNAcylation), catalyzed by O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT), is considered a cellular sensor of nutrients and hormones. Here, we report that genetic ablation of OGT in VMH neurons inhibits neuronal excitability. Mice with VMH neuron-specific OGT deletion show rapid weight gain, increased adiposity, and reduced energy expenditure, without significant changes in food intake or physical activity. The obesity phenotype is associated with adipocyte hypertrophy and reduced lipolysis of white adipose tissues. In addition, OGT deletion in VMH neurons down-regulates the sympathetic activity and impairs the sympathetic innervation of white adipose tissues. These findings identify OGT in the VMH as a homeostatic set point that controls body weight and underscore the importance of the VMH in regulating lipid metabolism through white adipose tissue-specific innervation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qi Wang
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Bichen Zhang
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Bernardo Stutz
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Zhong-Wu Liu
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Tamas L. Horvath
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
- Yale Center for Molecular and Systems Metabolism, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Xiaoyong Yang
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
- Yale Center for Molecular and Systems Metabolism, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Picard A, Berney X, Castillo-Armengol J, Tarussio D, Jan M, Sanchez-Archidona AR, Croizier S, Thorens B. Hypothalamic Irak4 is a genetically controlled regulator of hypoglycemia-induced glucagon secretion. Mol Metab 2022; 61:101479. [PMID: 35339728 PMCID: PMC9046887 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2022.101479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Revised: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Glucagon secretion to stimulate hepatic glucose production is the first line of defense against hypoglycemia. This response is triggered by so far incompletely characterized central hypoglycemia-sensing mechanisms, which control autonomous nervous activity and hormone secretion. The objective of this study was to identify novel hypothalamic genes controlling insulin-induced glucagon secretion. METHODS To obtain new information on the mechanisms of hypothalamic hypoglycemia sensing, we combined genetic and transcriptomic analysis of glucagon response to insulin-induced hypoglycemia in a panel of BXD recombinant inbred mice. RESULTS We identified two QTLs on chromosome 8 and chromosome 15. We further investigated the role of Irak4 and Cpne8, both located in the QTL on chromosome 15, in C57BL/6J and DBA/2J mice, the BXD mouse parental strains. We found that the poor glucagon response of DBA/2J mice was associated with higher hypothalamic expression of Irak4, which encodes a kinase acting downstream of the interleukin-1 receptor (Il-1R), and of Il-ß when compared with C57BL/6J mice. We showed that intracerebroventricular administration of an Il-1R antagonist in DBA/2J mice restored insulin-induced glucagon secretion; this was associated with increased c-fos expression in the arcuate and paraventricular nuclei of the hypothalamus and with higher activation of both branches of the autonomous nervous system. Whole body inactivation of Cpne8, which encodes a Ca++-dependent regulator of membrane trafficking and exocytosis, however, had no impact on insulin-induced glucagon secretion. CONCLUSIONS Collectively, our data identify Irak4 as a genetically controlled regulator of hypoglycemia-activated hypothalamic neurons and glucagon secretion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Picard
- Center for Integrative Genomics, University of Lausanne, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Xavier Berney
- Center for Integrative Genomics, University of Lausanne, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Judit Castillo-Armengol
- Center for Integrative Genomics, University of Lausanne, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland; Novo Nordisk A/S, Måløv, Denmark
| | - David Tarussio
- Center for Integrative Genomics, University of Lausanne, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Maxime Jan
- Center for Integrative Genomics, University of Lausanne, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | - Sophie Croizier
- Center for Integrative Genomics, University of Lausanne, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Bernard Thorens
- Center for Integrative Genomics, University of Lausanne, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Staricoff EO, Evans ML. Recent advances in understanding hypothalamic control of defensive responses to hypoglycaemia. CURRENT OPINION IN ENDOCRINE AND METABOLIC RESEARCH 2022; 24:100353. [PMID: 39183767 PMCID: PMC11339540 DOI: 10.1016/j.coemr.2022.100353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/27/2024]
Abstract
Maintenance of normal blood glucose is important for survival. In particular, brain function is dependent on circulating glucose. In health, a series of powerful counterregulatory defences operate to prevent/limit hypoglycaemia. These defences are altered to varying degrees in diabetes and in particular, a subset of people with diabetes can develop profound deficits in these defences placing them at increased risk of suffering episodes of severe hypoglycaemia. Brain is an important controller of glucose homeostasis and developments in molecular techniques have allowed the neurocircuitry of a number of important centrally-controlled homeostatic processes such as energy balance, thirst and thermoregulation to be defined. This review describes how some of these advances have allowed a better understanding of the neuronal/brain ensembles which help protect against hypoglycaemia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emily O. Staricoff
- Wellcome Trust MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, UK
| | - Mark L. Evans
- Wellcome Trust MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, UK
- Department of Medicine, Addenbrookes NIHR Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Tu L, Fukuda M, Tong Q, Xu Y. The ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus: watchdog of whole-body glucose homeostasis. Cell Biosci 2022; 12:71. [PMID: 35619170 PMCID: PMC9134642 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-022-00799-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2021] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The brain, particularly the ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus (VMH), has been long known for its involvement in glucose sensing and whole-body glucose homeostasis. However, it is still not fully understood how the brain detects and responds to the changes in the circulating glucose levels, as well as brain-body coordinated control of glucose homeostasis. In this review, we address the growing evidence implicating the brain in glucose homeostasis, especially in the contexts of hypoglycemia and diabetes. In addition to neurons, we emphasize the potential roles played by non-neuronal cells, as well as extracellular matrix in the hypothalamus in whole-body glucose homeostasis. Further, we review the ionic mechanisms by which glucose-sensing neurons sense fluctuations of ambient glucose levels. We also introduce the significant implications of heterogeneous neurons in the VMH upon glucose sensing and whole-body glucose homeostasis, in which sex difference is also addressed. Meanwhile, research gaps have also been identified, which necessities further mechanistic studies in future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Longlong Tu
- USDA/ARS Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, 1100 Bates Street #8066, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Makoto Fukuda
- USDA/ARS Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, 1100 Bates Street #8066, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Qingchun Tong
- Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Yong Xu
- USDA/ARS Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, 1100 Bates Street #8066, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Papazoglou I, Lee JH, Cui Z, Li C, Fulgenzi G, Bahn YJ, Staniszewska-Goraczniak HM, Piñol RA, Hogue IB, Enquist LW, Krashes MJ, Rane SG. A distinct hypothalamus-to-β cell circuit modulates insulin secretion. Cell Metab 2022; 34:285-298.e7. [PMID: 35108515 PMCID: PMC8935365 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2021.12.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Revised: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The central nervous system has long been thought to regulate insulin secretion, an essential process in the maintenance of blood glucose levels. However, the anatomical and functional connections between the brain and insulin-producing pancreatic β cells remain undefined. Here, we describe a functional transneuronal circuit connecting the hypothalamus to β cells in mice. This circuit originates from a subpopulation of oxytocin neurons in the paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus (PVNOXT), and it reaches the islets of the endocrine pancreas via the sympathetic autonomic branch to innervate β cells. Stimulation of PVNOXT neurons rapidly suppresses insulin secretion and causes hyperglycemia. Conversely, silencing of these neurons elevates insulin levels by dysregulating neuronal signaling and secretory pathways in β cells and induces hypoglycemia. PVNOXT neuronal activity is triggered by glucoprivation. Our findings reveal that a subset of PVNOXT neurons form functional multisynaptic circuits with β cells in mice to regulate insulin secretion, and their function is necessary for the β cell response to hypoglycemia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ioannis Papazoglou
- Diabetes, Endocrinology and Obesity Branch, NIDDK, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA.
| | - Ji-Hyeon Lee
- Diabetes, Endocrinology and Obesity Branch, NIDDK, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Zhenzhong Cui
- Diabetes, Endocrinology and Obesity Branch, NIDDK, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Chia Li
- Diabetes, Endocrinology and Obesity Branch, NIDDK, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Gianluca Fulgenzi
- Neural Development Section, MCGP, CCR, NCI, NIH, Frederick, MD, USA; Department of Molecular and Clinical Sciences, Marche Polytechnic University, Ancona, Italy
| | - Young Jae Bahn
- Diabetes, Endocrinology and Obesity Branch, NIDDK, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | - Ramón A Piñol
- Diabetes, Endocrinology and Obesity Branch, NIDDK, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Ian B Hogue
- Center for Immunotherapy, Vaccines, and Virotherapy, Biodesign Institute, School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Lynn W Enquist
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Michael J Krashes
- Diabetes, Endocrinology and Obesity Branch, NIDDK, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Sushil G Rane
- Diabetes, Endocrinology and Obesity Branch, NIDDK, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Choi JH, Kim MS. Homeostatic Regulation of Glucose Metabolism by the Central Nervous System. Endocrinol Metab (Seoul) 2022; 37:9-25. [PMID: 35255598 PMCID: PMC8901968 DOI: 10.3803/enm.2021.1364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Evidence for involvement of the central nervous system (CNS) in the regulation of glucose metabolism dates back to the 19th century, although the majority of the research on glucose metabolism has focused on the peripheral metabolic organs. Due to recent advances in neuroscience, it has now become clear that the CNS is indeed vital for maintaining glucose homeostasis. To achieve normoglycemia, specific populations of neurons and glia in the hypothalamus sense changes in the blood concentrations of glucose and of glucoregulatory hormones such as insulin, leptin, glucagon-like peptide 1, and glucagon. This information is integrated and transmitted to other areas of the brain where it eventually modulates various processes in glucose metabolism (i.e., hepatic glucose production, glucose uptake in the brown adipose tissue and skeletal muscle, pancreatic insulin and glucagon secretion, renal glucose reabsorption, etc.). Errors in these processes lead to hyper- or hypoglycemia. We here review the current understanding of the brain regulation of glucose metabolism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jong Han Choi
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Konkuk University Medical Center, Seoul,
Korea
| | - Min-Seon Kim
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul,
Korea
- Appeptite Regulation Laboratory, Asan Institute for Life Sciences, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul,
Korea
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Mirzadeh Z, Faber CL, Schwartz MW. Central Nervous System Control of Glucose Homeostasis: A Therapeutic Target for Type 2 Diabetes? Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol 2022; 62:55-84. [PMID: 34990204 PMCID: PMC8900291 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-pharmtox-052220-010446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Historically, pancreatic islet beta cells have been viewed as principal regulators of glycemia, with type 2 diabetes (T2D) resulting when insulin secretion fails to compensate for peripheral tissue insulin resistance. However, glycemia is also regulated by insulin-independent mechanisms that are dysregulated in T2D. Based on evidence supporting its role both in adaptive coupling of insulin secretion to changes in insulin sensitivity and in the regulation of insulin-independent glucose disposal, the central nervous system (CNS) has emerged as a fundamental player in glucose homeostasis. Here, we review and expand upon an integrative model wherein the CNS, together with the islet, establishes and maintains the defended level of glycemia. We discuss the implications of this model for understanding both normal glucose homeostasis and T2D pathogenesis and highlight centrally targeted therapeutic approaches with the potential to restore normoglycemia to patients with T2D.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zaman Mirzadeh
- Ivy Brain Tumor Center, Department of Neurosurgery, Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, Arizona 85013, USA;
| | - Chelsea L Faber
- Ivy Brain Tumor Center, Department of Neurosurgery, Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, Arizona 85013, USA;
- UW Medicine Diabetes Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98109, USA;
| | - Michael W Schwartz
- UW Medicine Diabetes Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98109, USA;
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Cheng W, Ndoka E, Maung JN, Pan W, Rupp AC, Rhodes CJ, Olson DP, Myers MG. NTS Prlh overcomes orexigenic stimuli and ameliorates dietary and genetic forms of obesity. Nat Commun 2021; 12:5175. [PMID: 34462445 PMCID: PMC8405610 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-25525-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Calcitonin receptor (Calcr)-expressing neurons of the nucleus tractus solitarius (NTS; CalcrNTS cells) contribute to the long-term control of food intake and body weight. Here, we show that Prlh-expressing NTS (PrlhNTS) neurons represent a subset of CalcrNTS cells and that Prlh expression in these cells restrains body weight gain in the face of high fat diet challenge in mice. To understand the relationship of PrlhNTS cells to hypothalamic feeding circuits, we determined the ability of PrlhNTS-mediated signals to overcome enforced activation of AgRP neurons. We found that PrlhNTS neuron activation and Prlh overexpression in PrlhNTS cells abrogates AgRP neuron-driven hyperphagia and ameliorates the obesity of mice deficient in melanocortin signaling or leptin. Thus, enhancing Prlh-mediated neurotransmission from the NTS dampens hypothalamically-driven hyperphagia and obesity, demonstrating that NTS-mediated signals can override the effects of orexigenic hypothalamic signals on long-term energy balance. Calcitonin receptor-expressing neurons of the nucleus tractus solitarius contribute to long-term control of food intake and body weight. The authors show that a subset of these cells expresses Prlh and that enhancing Prlh-mediated neurotransmission from the NTS dampens hypothalamically-driven hyperphagia and obesity in mice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenwen Cheng
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
| | - Ermelinda Ndoka
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Jessica N Maung
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Warren Pan
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Alan C Rupp
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Christopher J Rhodes
- Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal, and Metabolism, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | - David P Olson
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.,Division of Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Martin G Myers
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA. .,Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Umschweif G, Medrihan L, McCabe KA, Sagi Y, Greengard P. Activation of the p11/SMARCA3/Neurensin-2 pathway in parvalbumin interneurons mediates the response to chronic antidepressants. Mol Psychiatry 2021; 26:3350-3362. [PMID: 33723417 PMCID: PMC8505248 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-021-01059-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Revised: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The delayed behavioral response to chronic antidepressants depends on dynamic changes in the hippocampus. It was suggested that the antidepressant protein p11 and the chromatin remodeling factor SMARCA3 mediate this delayed response by inducing transcriptional changes in hippocampal neurons. However, what target genes are regulated by the p11/SMARCA3 complex to mediate the behavioral response to antidepressants, and what cell type mediates these molecular changes remain unknown. Here we report that the p11/SMARCA3 complex represses Neurensin-2 transcription in hippocampal parvalbumin-expressing interneurons after chronic treatment with Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRI). The behavioral response to antidepressants requires upregulation of p11, accumulation of SMARCA3 in the cell nucleus, and a consequent repression of Neurensin-2 transcription in these interneurons. We elucidate a functional role for p11/SMARCA3/Neurensin-2 pathway in regulating AMPA-receptor signaling in parvalbumin-expressing interneurons, a function that is enhanced by chronic treatment with SSRIs. These results link SSRIs to dynamic glutamatergic changes and implicate p11/SMARCA3/Neurensin-2 pathway in the development of more specific and efficient therapeutic strategies for neuropsychiatric disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gali Umschweif
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Lucian Medrihan
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Kathryn A McCabe
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Yotam Sagi
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Paul Greengard
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Umschweif G, Medrihan L, Guillén-Samander A, Wang W, Sagi Y, Greengard P. Identification of Neurensin-2 as a novel modulator of emotional behavior. Mol Psychiatry 2021; 26:2872-2885. [PMID: 33742167 PMCID: PMC8505262 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-021-01058-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Revised: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Among the hallmarks of major depressive disorders (MDD) are molecular, functional, and morphological impairments in the hippocampus. Recent studies suggested a key role for hippocampal GABAergic interneurons both in depression and in the response to its treatments. These interneurons highly express the chromatin-remodeler SMARCA3 which mediates the response to chronic antidepressants in an unknown mechanism. Using cell-type-specific molecular and physiological approaches, we report that SMARCA3 mediates the glutamatergic signaling in interneurons by repressing the expression of the neuronal protein, Neurensin-2. This vesicular protein associates with endosomes and postsynaptic proteins and is highly and selectively expressed in subpopulations of GABAergic interneurons. Upregulation of Neurensin-2 in the hippocampus either by stress, viral overexpression, or by SMARCA3 deletion, results in depressive-like behaviors. In contrast, the deletion of Neurensin-2 confers resilience to stress and induces AMPA receptor localization to synapses. This pathway which bidirectionally affects emotional behavior could be involved in neuropsychiatric disorders, and suggests novel therapeutic approaches.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gali Umschweif
- Laboratory for Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Lucian Medrihan
- Laboratory for Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Wei Wang
- Laboratory for Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Yotam Sagi
- Laboratory for Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Paul Greengard
- Laboratory for Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Abstract
Energy balance is centrally regulated by the brain through several interacting neuronal systems involving external, peripheral, and central factors within the brain. The hypothalamus integrates these factors and is the key brain area in the regulation of energy balance. In this review, we will explain the structure of the hypothalamus and its role in the regulation of energy balance. An important part of energy balance regulation is the sensing of nutrient status and availability. This review will focus on the sensing of the two main sources of energy by the hypothalamus: glucose and fat. As many common health problems and chronic diseases can be traced back to a disrupted hypothalamic function, we will also discuss hypothalamic sensing of glucose and fats in these pathologies. Finally, we will summarize the current knowledge and discuss how this may be applied clinically and for future research perspectives.
Collapse
|
21
|
Bayne M, Alvarsson A, Devarakonda K, Li R, Jimenez-Gonzalez M, Garibay D, Conner K, Varghese M, Serasinghe MN, Chipuk JE, Hof PR, Stanley SA. Repeated hypoglycemia remodels neural inputs and disrupts mitochondrial function to blunt glucose-inhibited GHRH neuron responsiveness. JCI Insight 2020; 5:133488. [PMID: 33148883 PMCID: PMC7710320 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.133488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypoglycemia is a frequent complication of diabetes, limiting therapy and increasing morbidity and mortality. With recurrent hypoglycemia, the counterregulatory response (CRR) to decreased blood glucose is blunted, resulting in hypoglycemia-associated autonomic failure (HAAF). The mechanisms leading to these blunted effects are only poorly understood. Here, we report, with ISH, IHC, and the tissue-clearing capability of iDISCO+, that growth hormone releasing hormone (GHRH) neurons represent a unique population of arcuate nucleus neurons activated by glucose deprivation in vivo. Repeated glucose deprivation reduces GHRH neuron activation and remodels excitatory and inhibitory inputs to GHRH neurons. We show that low glucose sensing is coupled to GHRH neuron depolarization, decreased ATP production, and mitochondrial fusion. Repeated hypoglycemia attenuates these responses during low glucose. By maintaining mitochondrial length with the small molecule mitochondrial division inhibitor-1, we preserved hypoglycemia sensitivity in vitro and in vivo. Our findings present possible mechanisms for the blunting of the CRR, significantly broaden our understanding of the structure of GHRH neurons, and reveal that mitochondrial dynamics play an important role in HAAF. We conclude that interventions targeting mitochondrial fission in GHRH neurons may offer a new pathway to prevent HAAF in patients with diabetes. GHRH neurons in the arcuate nucleus are activated by glucose deprivation; however, repeated hypoglycemia blunts activation, remodels inputs, and disrupts mitochondrial fusion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Merina Varghese
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience and Friedman Brain Institute, and
| | - Madhavika N Serasinghe
- Tisch Cancer Institute and Department of Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Jerry E Chipuk
- Tisch Cancer Institute and Department of Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Patrick R Hof
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience and Friedman Brain Institute, and
| | - Sarah A Stanley
- Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism Institute.,Nash Family Department of Neuroscience and Friedman Brain Institute, and
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Hur JY, Frost GR, Wu X, Crump C, Pan SJ, Wong E, Barros M, Li T, Nie P, Zhai Y, Wang JC, Tcw J, Guo L, McKenzie A, Ming C, Zhou X, Wang M, Sagi Y, Renton AE, Esposito BT, Kim Y, Sadleir KR, Trinh I, Rissman RA, Vassar R, Zhang B, Johnson DS, Masliah E, Greengard P, Goate A, Li YM. The innate immunity protein IFITM3 modulates γ-secretase in Alzheimer's disease. Nature 2020; 586:735-740. [PMID: 32879487 PMCID: PMC7919141 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-020-2681-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 197] [Impact Index Per Article: 49.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Innate immunity is associated with Alzheimer's disease1, but the influence of immune activation on the production of amyloid-β is unknown2,3. Here we identify interferon-induced transmembrane protein 3 (IFITM3) as a γ-secretase modulatory protein, and establish a mechanism by which inflammation affects the generation of amyloid-β. Inflammatory cytokines induce the expression of IFITM3 in neurons and astrocytes, which binds to γ-secretase and upregulates its activity, thereby increasing the production of amyloid-β. The expression of IFITM3 is increased with ageing and in mouse models that express familial Alzheimer's disease genes. Furthermore, knockout of IFITM3 reduces γ-secretase activity and the formation of amyloid plaques in a transgenic mouse model (5xFAD) of early amyloid deposition. IFITM3 protein is upregulated in tissue samples from a subset of patients with late-onset Alzheimer's disease that exhibit higher γ-secretase activity. The amount of IFITM3 in the γ-secretase complex has a strong and positive correlation with γ-secretase activity in samples from patients with late-onset Alzheimer's disease. These findings reveal a mechanism in which γ-secretase is modulated by neuroinflammation via IFITM3 and the risk of Alzheimer's disease is thereby increased.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Yeun Hur
- Chemical Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Georgia R Frost
- Chemical Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Program of Neurosciences, Weill Graduate School of Medical Sciences of Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Xianzhong Wu
- Chemical Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Christina Crump
- Chemical Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Program of Pharmacology, Weill Graduate School of Medical Sciences of Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Si Jia Pan
- Chemical Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Eitan Wong
- Chemical Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Marilia Barros
- Chemical Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Thomas Li
- Chemical Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Program of Neurosciences, Weill Graduate School of Medical Sciences of Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Pengju Nie
- Chemical Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Program of Pharmacology, Weill Graduate School of Medical Sciences of Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Yujia Zhai
- Chemical Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jen Chyong Wang
- Ronald M. Loeb Center for Alzheimer's Disease, Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Julia Tcw
- Ronald M. Loeb Center for Alzheimer's Disease, Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Lei Guo
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Mount Sinai Center for Transformative Disease Modeling, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Andrew McKenzie
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Mount Sinai Center for Transformative Disease Modeling, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Chen Ming
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Mount Sinai Center for Transformative Disease Modeling, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Xianxiao Zhou
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Mount Sinai Center for Transformative Disease Modeling, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Minghui Wang
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Mount Sinai Center for Transformative Disease Modeling, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Yotam Sagi
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience, Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Alan E Renton
- Ronald M. Loeb Center for Alzheimer's Disease, Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Bianca T Esposito
- Ronald M. Loeb Center for Alzheimer's Disease, Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Yong Kim
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience, Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Ivy Trinh
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Robert A Rissman
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Robert Vassar
- Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Bin Zhang
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Mount Sinai Center for Transformative Disease Modeling, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Eliezer Masliah
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Paul Greengard
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience, Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Alison Goate
- Ronald M. Loeb Center for Alzheimer's Disease, Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Mount Sinai Center for Transformative Disease Modeling, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Yue-Ming Li
- Chemical Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.
- Program of Neurosciences, Weill Graduate School of Medical Sciences of Cornell University, New York, NY, USA.
- Program of Pharmacology, Weill Graduate School of Medical Sciences of Cornell University, New York, NY, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Negative feedback control of neuronal activity by microglia. Nature 2020; 586:417-423. [PMID: 32999463 PMCID: PMC7577179 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-020-2777-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 499] [Impact Index Per Article: 124.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Microglia, the brain’s resident macrophages, help to regulate brain function by removing dying neurons, pruning non-functional synapses, and producing ligands that support neuronal survival1. Here we show that microglia are also critical modulators of neuronal activity and associated behavioural responses in mice. Microglia respond to neuronal activation by suppressing neuronal activity, and ablation of microglia amplifies and synchronizes the activity of neurons, leading to seizures. Suppression of neuronal activation by microglia occurs in a highly region-specific fashion and depends on the ability of microglia to sense and catabolize extracellular ATP, which is released upon neuronal activation by neurons and astrocytes. ATP triggers the recruitment of microglial protrusions and is converted by the microglial ATP/ADP hydrolysing ectoenzyme CD39 into AMP; AMP is then converted into adenosine by CD73, which is expressed on microglia as well as other brain cells. Microglial sensing of ATP, the ensuing microglia-dependent production of adenosine, and the adenosine-mediated suppression of neuronal responses via the adenosine receptor A1R are essential for the regulation of neuronal activity and animal behaviour. Our findings suggest that this microglia-driven negative feedback mechanism operates similarly to inhibitory neurons and is essential for protecting the brain from excessive activation in health and disease.
Collapse
|
24
|
Bednarz K, Alshafie W, Aufmkolk S, Desserteaux T, Markam PS, Storch KF, Stroh T. Ultradian Secretion of Growth Hormone in Mice: Linking Physiology With Changes in Synapse Parameters Using Super-Resolution Microscopy. Front Neural Circuits 2020; 14:21. [PMID: 32523515 PMCID: PMC7261915 DOI: 10.3389/fncir.2020.00021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuroendocrine circuits are orchestrated by the pituitary gland in response to hypothalamic hormone-releasing and inhibiting factors to generate an ultradian and/or circadian rhythm of hormone secretion. However, mechanisms that govern this rhythmicity are not fully understood. It has been shown that synaptic transmission in the rodent hypothalamus undergoes cyclical changes in parallel with rhythmic hormone secretion and a growing body of evidence suggests that rapid rewiring of hypothalamic neurons may be the source of these changes. For decades, structural synaptic studies have been utilizing electron microscopy, which provides the resolution suitable for visualizing synapses. However, the small field of view, limited specificity and manual analysis susceptible to bias fuel the search for a more quantitative approach. Here, we apply the fluorescence super-resolution microscopy approach direct Stochastic Optical Reconstruction Microscopy (dSTORM) to quantify and structurally characterize excitatory and inhibitory synapses that contact growth hormone-releasing-hormone (GHRH) neurons during peak and trough values of growth hormone (GH) concentration in mice. This approach relies on a three-color immunofluorescence staining of GHRH and pre- and post-synaptic markers, and a quantitative analysis with a Density-Based Spatial Clustering of Applications with Noise (DBSCAN) algorithm. With this method we confirm our previous findings, using electron microscopy, of increased excitatory synaptic input to GHRH neurons during peak levels of GH. Additionally, we find a shift in synapse numbers during low GH levels, where more inhibitory synaptic inputs are detected. Lastly, we utilize dSTORM to study novel aspects of synaptic structure. We show that more excitatory (but not inhibitory) pre-synaptic clusters associate with excitatory post-synaptic clusters during peaks of GH secretion and that the numbers of post-synaptic clusters increase during high hormone levels. The results presented here provide an opportunity to highlight dSTORM as a valuable quantitative approach to study synaptic structure in the neuroendocrine circuit. Importantly, our analysis of GH circuitry sheds light on the potential mechanism that drives ultradian changes in synaptic transmission and possibly aids in GH pulse generation in mice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Klaudia Bednarz
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Walaa Alshafie
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Integrated Program in Neuroscience, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Sarah Aufmkolk
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Théotime Desserteaux
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Pratap Singh Markam
- Integrated Program in Neuroscience, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Kai-Florian Storch
- Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Thomas Stroh
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Sagi Y, Medrihan L, George K, Barney M, McCabe KA, Greengard P. Emergence of 5-HT5A signaling in parvalbumin neurons mediates delayed antidepressant action. Mol Psychiatry 2020; 25:1191-1201. [PMID: 30804492 PMCID: PMC7244406 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-019-0379-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2018] [Revised: 02/04/2019] [Accepted: 02/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The behavioral response to antidepressants is closely associated with physiological changes in the function of neurons in the hippocampal dentate gyrus (DG). Parvalbumin interneurons are a major class of GABAergic neurons, essential for DG function, and are involved in the pathophysiology of several neuropsychiatric disorders. However, little is known about the role(s) of these neurons in major depressive disorder or in mediating the delayed behavioral response to antidepressants. Here we show, in mice, that hippocampal parvalbumin interneurons express functionally silent serotonin 5A receptors, which translocate to the cell membrane and become active upon chronic, but not acute, treatment with a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI). Activation of these serotonergic receptors in these neurons initiates a signaling cascade through which Gi-protein reduces cAMP levels and attenuates protein kinase A and protein phosphatase 2A activities. This results in increased phosphorylation and inhibition of Kv3.1β channels, and thereby reduces the firing of the parvalbumin neurons. Through the loss of this signaling pathway in these neurons, conditional deletion of the serotonin 5A receptor leads to the loss of the physiological and behavioral responses to chronic antidepressants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yotam Sagi
- 0000 0001 2166 1519grid.134907.8Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY USA
| | - Lucian Medrihan
- 0000 0001 2166 1519grid.134907.8Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY USA
| | - Katia George
- 0000 0001 2166 1519grid.134907.8Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY USA
| | - Miles Barney
- 0000 0001 2166 1519grid.134907.8Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY USA
| | - Kathryn A. McCabe
- 0000 0001 2166 1519grid.134907.8Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY USA
| | - Paul Greengard
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Huang L, Huang Z, Chen C. Rhythmic growth hormone secretion in physiological and pathological conditions: Lessons from rodent studies. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2019; 498:110575. [PMID: 31499134 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2019.110575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2019] [Revised: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Evolutionally conserved in all mammalians, the release of GH occurs in a rhythmic pattern, characterized by several dominant surges (pulsatile GH) with tonic low inter-pulse levels (tonic GH). Such pulsatile secretion pattern is essential for many physiological actions of GH on different tissues with defined gender dimorphism. Rhythmic release of pulsatile GH is tightly controlled by hypothalamic neurons as well as peripheral metabolic factors. Changes of GH pattern occur within a range of sophisticated physiological and pathological settings and significantly contribute to growth, ageing, survival and disease predispositions. Precise analysis of GH secretion pattern is vitally important for a comprehensive understanding of the function of GH and the components that regulate GH secretion pattern.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lili Huang
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Zhengxiang Huang
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Chen Chen
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Profiling of key brain nuclei involved in CNS control of stress and glucose homeostasis. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2019; 521:441-448. [PMID: 31672274 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2019.10.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2019] [Accepted: 10/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Previous work have shown several key brain nuclei involved in acute psychological stress and glucose homeostasis. Acute stress influences glucose metabolism via released stress hormones by activating the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and the sympathetic nervous system. Little is known about the brain nuclei which response to peripheral glucose alteration are either abundant with glucosesensing neurons or the activations are secondary to stress. Here we profile and compare the brain nuclei that response to stress and glucose homeostasis in mouse models of acute restraint stress, glucose and 2-DG injections respectively. Our present work provide a comprehensive depiction on key brain nuclei involved in CNS control of stress and glucose homeostasis, which gives clue for functional identification of brain nuclei that regulate glucose homeostasis under stress.
Collapse
|
28
|
Kana V, Desland FA, Casanova-Acebes M, Ayata P, Badimon A, Nabel E, Yamamuro K, Sneeboer M, Tan IL, Flanigan ME, Rose SA, Chang C, Leader A, Le Bourhis H, Sweet ES, Tung N, Wroblewska A, Lavin Y, See P, Baccarini A, Ginhoux F, Chitu V, Stanley ER, Russo SJ, Yue Z, Brown BD, Joyner AL, De Witte LD, Morishita H, Schaefer A, Merad M. CSF-1 controls cerebellar microglia and is required for motor function and social interaction. J Exp Med 2019; 216:2265-2281. [PMID: 31350310 PMCID: PMC6781012 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20182037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2018] [Revised: 04/04/2019] [Accepted: 06/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Microglia, the brain resident macrophages, critically shape forebrain neuronal circuits. However, their precise function in the cerebellum is unknown. Here we show that human and mouse cerebellar microglia express a unique molecular program distinct from forebrain microglia. Cerebellar microglial identity was driven by the CSF-1R ligand CSF-1, independently of the alternate CSF-1R ligand, IL-34. Accordingly, CSF-1 depletion from Nestin+ cells led to severe depletion and transcriptional alterations of cerebellar microglia, while microglia in the forebrain remained intact. Strikingly, CSF-1 deficiency and alteration of cerebellar microglia were associated with reduced Purkinje cells, altered neuronal function, and defects in motor learning and social novelty interactions. These findings reveal a novel CSF-1-CSF-1R signaling-mediated mechanism that contributes to motor function and social behavior.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Veronika Kana
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY.,Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY.,Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Fiona A Desland
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY.,Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY.,Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Maria Casanova-Acebes
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY.,Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY.,Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Pinar Ayata
- Fishberg Department of Neuroscience and Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY.,Ronald M. Loeb Center for Alzheimer's Disease, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Ana Badimon
- Fishberg Department of Neuroscience and Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY.,Ronald M. Loeb Center for Alzheimer's Disease, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Elisa Nabel
- Fishberg Department of Neuroscience and Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY.,Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY.,Department of Ophthalmology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY.,Mindich Child Health and Development Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Kazuhiko Yamamuro
- Fishberg Department of Neuroscience and Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY.,Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY.,Department of Ophthalmology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY.,Mindich Child Health and Development Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Marjolein Sneeboer
- Department of Psychiatry, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands.,Department of Translational Neuroscience, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - I-Li Tan
- Developmental Biology Program, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Meghan E Flanigan
- Fishberg Department of Neuroscience and Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Samuel A Rose
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Christie Chang
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY.,Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY.,Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Andrew Leader
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY.,Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY.,Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Hortense Le Bourhis
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY.,Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY.,Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Eric S Sweet
- Fishberg Department of Neuroscience and Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Navpreet Tung
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY.,Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY.,Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Aleksandra Wroblewska
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Yonit Lavin
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY.,Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY.,Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Peter See
- Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research, Singapore
| | - Alessia Baccarini
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Florent Ginhoux
- Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research, Singapore
| | - Violeta Chitu
- Department of Developmental and Molecular Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY
| | - E Richard Stanley
- Department of Developmental and Molecular Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY
| | - Scott J Russo
- Fishberg Department of Neuroscience and Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Zhenyu Yue
- Fishberg Department of Neuroscience and Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Brian D Brown
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Alexandra L Joyner
- Developmental Biology Program, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Lotje D De Witte
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY.,Department of Psychiatry, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands.,Department of Translational Neuroscience, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Hirofumi Morishita
- Fishberg Department of Neuroscience and Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY.,Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY.,Department of Ophthalmology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY.,Mindich Child Health and Development Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Anne Schaefer
- Fishberg Department of Neuroscience and Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY.,Ronald M. Loeb Center for Alzheimer's Disease, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Miriam Merad
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY .,Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY.,Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Fernandez-Albert J, Lipinski M, Lopez-Cascales MT, Rowley MJ, Martin-Gonzalez AM, Del Blanco B, Corces VG, Barco A. Immediate and deferred epigenomic signatures of in vivo neuronal activation in mouse hippocampus. Nat Neurosci 2019; 22:1718-1730. [PMID: 31501571 PMCID: PMC6875776 DOI: 10.1038/s41593-019-0476-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2019] [Accepted: 07/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Activity-driven transcription plays an important role in many brain processes, including those underlying memory and epilepsy. Here we combine genetic tagging of nuclei and ribosomes with RNA sequencing, chromatin immunoprecipitation with sequencing, assay for transposase-accessible chromatin using sequencing and Hi-C to investigate transcriptional and chromatin changes occurring in mouse hippocampal excitatory neurons at different time points after synchronous activation during seizure and sparse activation by novel context exploration. The transcriptional burst is associated with an increase in chromatin accessibility of activity-regulated genes and enhancers, de novo binding of activity-regulated transcription factors, augmented promoter-enhancer interactions and the formation of gene loops that bring together the transcription start site and transcription termination site of induced genes and may sustain the fast reloading of RNA polymerase complexes. Some chromatin occupancy changes and interactions, particularly those driven by AP1, remain long after neuronal activation and could underlie the changes in neuronal responsiveness and circuit connectivity observed in these neuroplasticity paradigms, perhaps thereby contributing to metaplasticity in the adult brain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jordi Fernandez-Albert
- Instituto de Neurociencias, Universidad Miguel Hernández-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Sant Joan d'Alacant, Alicante, Spain
| | - Michal Lipinski
- Instituto de Neurociencias, Universidad Miguel Hernández-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Sant Joan d'Alacant, Alicante, Spain
| | - María T Lopez-Cascales
- Instituto de Neurociencias, Universidad Miguel Hernández-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Sant Joan d'Alacant, Alicante, Spain
| | - M Jordan Rowley
- Department of Biology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Ana M Martin-Gonzalez
- Instituto de Neurociencias, Universidad Miguel Hernández-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Sant Joan d'Alacant, Alicante, Spain
- Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology PAS, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Beatriz Del Blanco
- Instituto de Neurociencias, Universidad Miguel Hernández-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Sant Joan d'Alacant, Alicante, Spain
| | | | - Angel Barco
- Instituto de Neurociencias, Universidad Miguel Hernández-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Sant Joan d'Alacant, Alicante, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Furigo IC, de Souza GO, Teixeira PDS, Guadagnini D, Frazão R, List EO, Kopchick JJ, Prada PO, Donato J. Growth hormone enhances the recovery of hypoglycemia via ventromedial hypothalamic neurons. FASEB J 2019; 33:11909-11924. [PMID: 31366244 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201901315r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Growth hormone (GH) is secreted during hypoglycemia, and GH-responsive neurons are found in brain areas containing glucose-sensing neurons that regulate the counter-regulatory response (CRR). However, whether GH modulates the CRR to hypoglycemia via specific neuronal populations is currently unknown. Mice carrying ablation of GH receptor (GHR) either in leptin receptor (LepR)- or steroidogenic factor-1 (SF1)-expressing cells were studied. We also investigated the importance of signal transducer and activator of transcription 5 (STAT5) signaling in SF1 cells for the CRR. GHR ablation in LepR cells led to impaired capacity to recover from insulin-induced hypoglycemia and to a blunted CRR caused by 2-deoxy-d-glucose (2DG) administration. GHR inactivation in SF1 cells, which include ventromedial hypothalamic neurons, also attenuated the CRR. The reduced CRR was prevented by parasympathetic blockers. Additionally, infusion of 2DG produced an abnormal hyperactivity of parasympathetic preganglionic neurons, whereas the 2DG-induced activation of anterior bed nucleus of the stria terminalis neurons was reduced in mice without GHR in SF1 cells. Mice carrying ablation of Stat5a/b genes in SF1 cells showed no defects in the CRR. In summary, GHR expression in SF1 cells is required for a normal CRR, and these effects are largely independent of STAT5 pathway.-Furigo, I. C., de Souza, G. O., Teixeira, P. D. S., Guadagnini, D., Frazão, R., List, E. O., Kopchick, J. J., Prada, P. O., Donato, J., Jr. Growth hormone enhances the recovery of hypoglycemia via ventromedial hypothalamic neurons.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Isadora C Furigo
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gabriel O de Souza
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Pryscila D S Teixeira
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Dioze Guadagnini
- School of Applied Sciences, State University of Campinas, Limeira, Brazil
| | - Renata Frazão
- Department of Anatomy, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Edward O List
- Edison Biotechnology Institute and Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio, USA
| | - John J Kopchick
- Edison Biotechnology Institute and Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio, USA
| | - Patricia O Prada
- School of Applied Sciences, State University of Campinas, Limeira, Brazil
| | - Jose Donato
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Stanley S, Moheet A, Seaquist ER. Central Mechanisms of Glucose Sensing and Counterregulation in Defense of Hypoglycemia. Endocr Rev 2019; 40:768-788. [PMID: 30689785 PMCID: PMC6505456 DOI: 10.1210/er.2018-00226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2018] [Accepted: 01/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Glucose homeostasis requires an organism to rapidly respond to changes in plasma glucose concentrations. Iatrogenic hypoglycemia as a result of treatment with insulin or sulfonylureas is the most common cause of hypoglycemia in humans and is generally only seen in patients with diabetes who take these medications. The first response to a fall in glucose is the detection of impending hypoglycemia by hypoglycemia-detecting sensors, including glucose-sensing neurons in the hypothalamus and other regions. This detection is then linked to a series of neural and hormonal responses that serve to prevent the fall in blood glucose and restore euglycemia. In this review, we discuss the current state of knowledge about central glucose sensing and how detection of a fall in glucose leads to the stimulation of counterregulatory hormone and behavior responses. We also review how diabetes and recurrent hypoglycemia impact glucose sensing and counterregulation, leading to development of impaired awareness of hypoglycemia in diabetes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Stanley
- Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Amir Moheet
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Elizabeth R Seaquist
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Otero-Rodiño C, Rocha A, Sánchez E, Álvarez-Otero R, Soengas JL, Cerdá-Reverter JM. Sensing Glucose in the Central Melanocortin Circuits of Rainbow Trout: A Morphological Study. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2019; 10:254. [PMID: 31057490 PMCID: PMC6482260 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2019.00254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 04/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
In mammals, glucosensing markers reside in brain areas known to play an important role in the control of food intake. The best characterized glucosensing mechanism is that dependent on glucokinase (GK) whose activation by increased levels of glucose leads in specific hypothalamic neurons to decreased or increased activity, ultimately leading to decreased food intake. In fish, evidence obtained in recent years suggested the presence of GK-like immunoreactive cells in different brain areas related to food intake control. However, it has not been established yet whether or not those neuronal populations having glucosensing capacity are the same that express the neuropeptides involved in the metabolic control of food intake. Therefore, we assessed through dual fluorescent in situ hybridization the possible expression of GK in the melanocortinergic neurons expressing proopiomelanocortin (POMC) or agouti-related protein (AGRP). POMC and AGRP expression localized exclusively in the rostral hypothalamus, in the ventral pole of the lateral tuberal nucleus, the homolog of the mammalian arcuate nucleus. Hypothalamic GK expression confined to the ependymal cells coating the ventral pole of the third ventricle but some expression level occurred in the AGRP neurons. GK expression seems to be absent in the hypothalamic POMC neurons. These results suggest that AGRP neurons might sense glucose directly through a mechanism involving GK. In contrast, POMC neurons would not directly respond to glucose through GK and would require presynaptic inputs to sense glucose. Ependymal cells could play a critical role relying glucose metabolic information to the central circuitry regulating food intake in fish, especially in POMC neurons.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Otero-Rodiño
- Laboratorio de Fisioloxía Animal, Departamento de Bioloxía Funcional e Ciencias da Saúde, Facultade de Bioloxía and Centro de Investigación Mariña, Universidade de Vigo, Vigo, Spain
- *Correspondence: Cristina Otero-Rodiño
| | - Ana Rocha
- Grupo Control de Ingesta, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IATS-CSIC), Departamento de Fisiología y Biotecnología de Peces, Instituto de Acuicultura de Torre de la Sal, Castellón, Spain
| | - Elisa Sánchez
- Grupo Control de Ingesta, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IATS-CSIC), Departamento de Fisiología y Biotecnología de Peces, Instituto de Acuicultura de Torre de la Sal, Castellón, Spain
| | - Rosa Álvarez-Otero
- Laboratorio de Fisioloxía Animal, Departamento de Bioloxía Funcional e Ciencias da Saúde, Facultade de Bioloxía and Centro de Investigación Mariña, Universidade de Vigo, Vigo, Spain
| | - José L. Soengas
- Laboratorio de Fisioloxía Animal, Departamento de Bioloxía Funcional e Ciencias da Saúde, Facultade de Bioloxía and Centro de Investigación Mariña, Universidade de Vigo, Vigo, Spain
| | - José M. Cerdá-Reverter
- Grupo Control de Ingesta, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IATS-CSIC), Departamento de Fisiología y Biotecnología de Peces, Instituto de Acuicultura de Torre de la Sal, Castellón, Spain
- José M. Cerdá-Reverter
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Luo F, Mu Y, Gao C, Xiao Y, Zhou Q, Yang Y, Ni X, Shen WL, Yang J. Whole-brain patterns of the presynaptic inputs and axonal projections of BDNF neurons in the paraventricular nucleus. J Genet Genomics 2019; 46:31-40. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jgg.2018.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2018] [Revised: 11/21/2018] [Accepted: 11/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
|
34
|
Hage M, Kamenický P, Chanson P. Growth Hormone Response to Oral Glucose Load: From Normal to Pathological Conditions. Neuroendocrinology 2019; 108:244-255. [PMID: 30685760 DOI: 10.1159/000497214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2018] [Accepted: 01/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The exact physiological basis of acute growth hormone (GH) suppression by oral glucose is not fully understood. Glucose-mediated increase in hypothalamic somatostatin seems to be the most plausible explanation. Attempts to better understand its underlying mechanisms are compromised by species disparities in the response of GH to glucose load. While in humans, glucose inhibits GH release, the acute elevation of circulating glucose levels in rats has either no effect on GH secretion or may be stimulatory. Likewise, chronic hyperglycemia alters GH release in both humans and rats nonetheless in opposite directions. Several factors influence nadir GH concentrations including, age, gender, body mass index, pubertal age, and the type of assay used. Besides the classical suppressive effects of glucose on GH release, a paradoxical GH increase to oral glucose may be observed in around one third of patients with acromegaly as well as in various other disorders. Though its pathophysiology is poorly characterized, an altered interplay between somatostatin and GH-releasing hormone has been suggested and a link with pituitary ectopic expression of glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide receptor has been recently demonstrated. A better understanding of the dynamics mediating GH response to glucose may allow a more optimal use of the OGTT as a diagnostic tool in various conditions, especially acromegaly.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mirella Hage
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital de Bicêtre, Service d'Endocrinologie et des Maladies de la Reproduction, Centre de Référence des Maladies Rares de l'Hypophyse, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (Inserm) U1185, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Peter Kamenický
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital de Bicêtre, Service d'Endocrinologie et des Maladies de la Reproduction, Centre de Référence des Maladies Rares de l'Hypophyse, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (Inserm) U1185, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Philippe Chanson
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital de Bicêtre, Service d'Endocrinologie et des Maladies de la Reproduction, Centre de Référence des Maladies Rares de l'Hypophyse, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (Inserm) U1185, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France,
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Liu DS, Xu TL. Cell-Type Identification in the Autonomic Nervous System. Neurosci Bull 2018; 35:145-155. [PMID: 30171526 DOI: 10.1007/s12264-018-0284-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2018] [Accepted: 05/31/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The autonomic nervous system controls various internal organs and executes crucial functions through sophisticated neural connectivity and circuits. Its dysfunction causes an imbalance of homeostasis and numerous human disorders. In the past decades, great efforts have been made to study the structure and functions of this system, but so far, our understanding of the classification of autonomic neuronal subpopulations remains limited and a precise map of their connectivity has not been achieved. One of the major challenges that hinder rapid progress in these areas is the complexity and heterogeneity of autonomic neurons. To facilitate the identification of neuronal subgroups in the autonomic nervous system, here we review the well-established and cutting-edge technologies that are frequently used in peripheral neuronal tracing and profiling, and discuss their operating mechanisms, advantages, and targeted applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Di-Shi Liu
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Tian-Le Xu
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China.
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Alvarsson A, Stanley SA. Remote control of glucose-sensing neurons to analyze glucose metabolism. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2018; 315:E327-E339. [PMID: 29812985 PMCID: PMC6171010 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00469.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2017] [Revised: 04/25/2018] [Accepted: 05/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The central nervous system relies on a continual supply of glucose, and must be able to detect glucose levels and regulate peripheral organ functions to ensure that its energy requirements are met. Specialized glucose-sensing neurons, first described half a century ago, use glucose as a signal and modulate their firing rates as glucose levels change. Glucose-excited neurons are activated by increasing glucose concentrations, while glucose-inhibited neurons increase their firing rate as glucose concentrations fall and decrease their firing rate as glucose concentrations rise. Glucose-sensing neurons are present in multiple brain regions and are highly expressed in hypothalamic regions, where they are involved in functions related to glucose homeostasis. However, the roles of glucose-sensing neurons in healthy and disease states remain poorly understood. Technologies that can rapidly and reversibly activate or inhibit defined neural populations provide invaluable tools to investigate how specific neural populations regulate metabolism and other physiological roles. Optogenetics has high temporal and spatial resolutions, requires implants for neural stimulation, and is suitable for modulating local neural populations. Chemogenetics, which requires injection of a synthetic ligand, can target both local and widespread populations. Radio- and magnetogenetics offer rapid neural activation in localized or widespread neural populations without the need for implants or injections. These tools will allow us to better understand glucose-sensing neurons and their metabolism-regulating circuits.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Alvarsson
- Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai , New York, New York
| | - Sarah A Stanley
- Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai , New York, New York
- Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai , New York, New York
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Chakera AJ, Hurst PS, Spyer G, Ogunnowo-Bada EO, Marsh WJ, Riches CH, Yueh CY, Markkula SP, Dalley JW, Cox RD, Macdonald IA, Amiel SA, MacLeod KM, Heisler LK, Hattersley AT, Evans ML. Molecular reductions in glucokinase activity increase counter-regulatory responses to hypoglycemia in mice and humans with diabetes. Mol Metab 2018; 17:17-27. [PMID: 30146176 PMCID: PMC6197723 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2018.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2018] [Accepted: 08/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Appropriate glucose levels are essential for survival; thus, the detection and correction of low blood glucose is of paramount importance. Hypoglycemia prompts an integrated response involving reduction in insulin release and secretion of key counter-regulatory hormones glucagon and epinephrine that together promote endogenous glucose production to restore normoglycemia. However, specifically how this response is orchestrated remains to be fully clarified. The low affinity hexokinase glucokinase is found in glucose-sensing cells involved in glucose homeostasis including pancreatic β-cells and in certain brain areas. Here, we aimed to examine the role of glucokinase in triggering counter-regulatory hormonal responses to hypoglycemia, hypothesizing that reduced glucokinase activity would lead to increased and/or earlier triggering of responses. METHODS Hyperinsulinemic glucose clamps were performed to examine counter-regulatory responses to controlled hypoglycemic challenges created in humans with monogenic diabetes resulting from heterozygous glucokinase mutations (GCK-MODY). To examine the relative importance of glucokinase in different sensing areas, we then examined responses to clamped hypoglycemia in mice with molecularly defined disruption of whole body and/or brain glucokinase. RESULTS GCK-MODY patients displayed increased and earlier glucagon responses during hypoglycemia compared with a group of glycemia-matched patients with type 2 diabetes. Consistent with this, glucagon responses to hypoglycemia were also increased in I366F mice with mutated glucokinase and in streptozotocin-treated β-cell ablated diabetic I366F mice. Glucagon responses were normal in conditional brain glucokinase-knockout mice, suggesting that glucagon release during hypoglycemia is controlled by glucokinase-mediated glucose sensing outside the brain but not in β-cells. For epinephrine, we found increased responses in GCK-MODY patients, in β-cell ablated diabetic I366F mice and in conditional (nestin lineage) brain glucokinase-knockout mice, supporting a role for brain glucokinase in triggering epinephrine release. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that glucokinase in brain and other non β-cell peripheral hypoglycemia sensors is important in glucose homeostasis, allowing the body to detect and respond to a falling blood glucose.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ali J Chakera
- Institute of Clinical and Biomedical Sciences, University of Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Paul S Hurst
- Wellcome Trust/ MRC Institute of Metabolic Science and Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Gill Spyer
- Institute of Clinical and Biomedical Sciences, University of Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Emmanuel O Ogunnowo-Bada
- Wellcome Trust/ MRC Institute of Metabolic Science and Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - William J Marsh
- Wellcome Trust/ MRC Institute of Metabolic Science and Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Christine H Riches
- Wellcome Trust/ MRC Institute of Metabolic Science and Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Chen-Yu Yueh
- Wellcome Trust/ MRC Institute of Metabolic Science and Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - S Pauliina Markkula
- Wellcome Trust/ MRC Institute of Metabolic Science and Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Jeffrey W Dalley
- Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute and Departments of Psychology and Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Roger D Cox
- MRC Harwell Institute, Mammalian Genetics Unit, Harwell Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Ian A Macdonald
- MRC-ARUK Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing and NIHR Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust/ University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Stephanie A Amiel
- Division of Diabetes and Nutritional Sciences, King's College London, United Kingdom
| | - Kenneth M MacLeod
- Institute of Clinical and Biomedical Sciences, University of Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Lora K Heisler
- Rowett Institute, University of Aberdeen, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew T Hattersley
- Institute of Clinical and Biomedical Sciences, University of Exeter, United Kingdom.
| | - Mark L Evans
- Wellcome Trust/ MRC Institute of Metabolic Science and Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom.
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Rupp AC, Allison MB, Jones JC, Patterson CM, Faber CL, Bozadjieva N, Heisler LK, Seeley RJ, Olson DP, Myers MG. Specific subpopulations of hypothalamic leptin receptor-expressing neurons mediate the effects of early developmental leptin receptor deletion on energy balance. Mol Metab 2018; 14:130-138. [PMID: 29914853 PMCID: PMC6034096 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2018.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2018] [Revised: 05/25/2018] [Accepted: 06/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To date, early developmental ablation of leptin receptor (LepRb) expression from circumscribed populations of hypothalamic neurons (e.g., arcuate nucleus (ARC) Pomc- or Agrp-expressing cells) has only minimally affected energy balance. In contrast, removal of LepRb from at least two large populations (expressing vGat or Nos1) spanning multiple hypothalamic regions produced profound obesity and metabolic dysfunction. Thus, we tested the notion that the total number of leptin-responsive hypothalamic neurons (rather than specific subsets of cells with a particular molecular or anatomical signature) subjected to early LepRb deletion might determine energy balance. METHODS We generated new mouse lines deleted for LepRb in ARC GhrhCre neurons or in Htr2cCre neurons (representing roughly half of all hypothalamic LepRb neurons, distributed across many nuclei). We compared the phenotypes of these mice to previously-reported models lacking LepRb in Pomc, Agrp, vGat or Nos1 cells. RESULTS The early developmental deletion of LepRb from vGat or Nos1 neurons produced dramatic obesity, but deletion of LepRb from Pomc, Agrp, Ghrh, or Htr2c neurons minimally altered energy balance. CONCLUSIONS Although early developmental deletion of LepRb from known populations of ARC neurons fails to substantially alter body weight, the minimal phenotype of mice lacking LepRb in Htr2c cells suggests that the phenotype that results from early developmental LepRb deficiency depends not simply upon the total number of leptin-responsive hypothalamic LepRb cells. Rather, specific populations of LepRb neurons must play particularly important roles in body energy homeostasis; these as yet unidentified LepRb cells likely reside in the DMH.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alan C Rupp
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Margaret B Allison
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Justin C Jones
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Christa M Patterson
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Chelsea L Faber
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Nadejda Bozadjieva
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | | | - Randy J Seeley
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - David P Olson
- Department of Pediatrics and Communicable Diseases, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Martin G Myers
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Pozo M, Claret M. Hypothalamic Control of Systemic Glucose Homeostasis: The Pancreas Connection. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2018; 29:581-594. [PMID: 29866501 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2018.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2018] [Revised: 05/10/2018] [Accepted: 05/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Maintenance of glucose homeostasis is mandatory for organismal survival. It is accomplished by complex and coordinated interplay between glucose detection mechanisms and multiple effector systems. The brain, in particular homeostatic regions such as the hypothalamus, plays a crucial role in orchestrating such a highly integral response. We review here current understanding of how the hypothalamus senses glucose availability and participates in systemic glucose homeostasis. We provide an update of the relevant signaling pathways and neuronal subsets involved, as well as of the mechanisms modulating metabolic processes in peripheral tissues such as liver, skeletal muscle, fat, and especially the pancreas. We also discuss the relevance of these networks in human biology and prevalent metabolic conditions such as diabetes and obesity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Macarena Pozo
- Neuronal Control of Metabolism (NeuCoMe) Laboratory, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marc Claret
- Neuronal Control of Metabolism (NeuCoMe) Laboratory, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08036 Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (CIBER) de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), 08036 Barcelona, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Ayata P, Badimon A, Strasburger HJ, Duff MK, Montgomery SE, Loh YHE, Ebert A, Pimenova AA, Ramirez BR, Chan AT, Sullivan JM, Purushothaman I, Scarpa JR, Goate AM, Busslinger M, Shen L, Losic B, Schaefer A. Epigenetic regulation of brain region-specific microglia clearance activity. Nat Neurosci 2018; 21:1049-1060. [PMID: 30038282 PMCID: PMC6090564 DOI: 10.1038/s41593-018-0192-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 293] [Impact Index Per Article: 48.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2017] [Accepted: 06/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The rapid elimination of dying neurons and nonfunctional synapses in the brain is carried out by microglia, the resident myeloid cells of the brain. Here we show that microglia clearance activity in the adult brain is regionally regulated and depends on the rate of neuronal attrition. Cerebellar, but not striatal or cortical, microglia exhibited high levels of basal clearance activity, which correlated with an elevated degree of cerebellar neuronal attrition. Exposing forebrain microglia to apoptotic cells activated gene-expression programs supporting clearance activity. We provide evidence that the polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2) epigenetically restricts the expression of genes that support clearance activity in striatal and cortical microglia. Loss of PRC2 leads to aberrant activation of a microglia clearance phenotype, which triggers changes in neuronal morphology and behavior. Our data highlight a key role of epigenetic mechanisms in preventing microglia-induced neuronal alterations that are frequently associated with neurodegenerative and psychiatric diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pinar Ayata
- Fishberg Department of Neuroscience, Department of Psychiatry, Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.,Ronald M. Loeb Center for Alzheimer's Disease, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ana Badimon
- Fishberg Department of Neuroscience, Department of Psychiatry, Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Hayley J Strasburger
- Fishberg Department of Neuroscience, Department of Psychiatry, Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Mary Kaye Duff
- Fishberg Department of Neuroscience, Department of Psychiatry, Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sarah E Montgomery
- Fishberg Department of Neuroscience, Department of Psychiatry, Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Yong-Hwee E Loh
- Fishberg Department of Neuroscience, Department of Psychiatry, Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Anja Ebert
- Research Institute of Molecular Pathology, Vienna Biocenter, Vienna, Austria
| | - Anna A Pimenova
- Fishberg Department of Neuroscience, Department of Psychiatry, Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.,Ronald M. Loeb Center for Alzheimer's Disease, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Brianna R Ramirez
- Fishberg Department of Neuroscience, Department of Psychiatry, Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Andrew T Chan
- Fishberg Department of Neuroscience, Department of Psychiatry, Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Josefa M Sullivan
- Fishberg Department of Neuroscience, Department of Psychiatry, Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Immanuel Purushothaman
- Fishberg Department of Neuroscience, Department of Psychiatry, Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Joseph R Scarpa
- Department of Genetics & Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Alison M Goate
- Fishberg Department of Neuroscience, Department of Psychiatry, Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.,Ronald M. Loeb Center for Alzheimer's Disease, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Genetics & Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Meinrad Busslinger
- Research Institute of Molecular Pathology, Vienna Biocenter, Vienna, Austria
| | - Li Shen
- Fishberg Department of Neuroscience, Department of Psychiatry, Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Bojan Losic
- Department of Genetics & Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.,Tisch Cancer Institute, Cancer Immunology Program, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Anne Schaefer
- Fishberg Department of Neuroscience, Department of Psychiatry, Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA. .,Ronald M. Loeb Center for Alzheimer's Disease, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Allison MB, Pan W, MacKenzie A, Patterson C, Shah K, Barnes T, Cheng W, Rupp A, Olson DP, Myers MG. Defining the Transcriptional Targets of Leptin Reveals a Role for Atf3 in Leptin Action. Diabetes 2018; 67:1093-1104. [PMID: 29535089 PMCID: PMC5961413 DOI: 10.2337/db17-1395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2017] [Accepted: 02/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Leptin acts via its receptor (LepRb) to modulate gene expression in hypothalamic LepRb-expressing neurons, thereby controlling energy balance and glucose homeostasis. Despite the importance of the control of gene expression in hypothalamic LepRb neurons for leptin action, the transcriptional targets of LepRb signaling have remained undefined because LepRb cells contribute a small fraction to the aggregate transcriptome of the brain regions in which they reside. We thus employed translating ribosome affinity purification followed by RNA sequencing to isolate and analyze mRNA from the hypothalamic LepRb neurons of wild-type or leptin-deficient (Lepob/ob) mice treated with vehicle or exogenous leptin. Although the expression of most of the genes encoding the neuropeptides commonly considered to represent the main targets of leptin action were altered only following chronic leptin deprivation, our analysis revealed other transcripts that were coordinately regulated by leptin under multiple treatment conditions. Among these, acute leptin treatment increased expression of the transcription factor Atf3 in LepRb neurons. Furthermore, ablation of Atf3 from LepRb neurons (Atf3LepRbKO mice) decreased leptin efficacy and promoted positive energy balance in mice. Thus, this analysis revealed the gene targets of leptin action, including Atf3, which represents a cellular mediator of leptin action.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Activating Transcription Factor 3/agonists
- Activating Transcription Factor 3/chemistry
- Activating Transcription Factor 3/genetics
- Activating Transcription Factor 3/metabolism
- Animals
- Crosses, Genetic
- Diabetes Mellitus/drug therapy
- Diabetes Mellitus/metabolism
- Diabetes Mellitus/pathology
- Energy Metabolism/drug effects
- Female
- Gene Expression Profiling
- Gene Expression Regulation/drug effects
- Hypoglycemic Agents/pharmacology
- Hypoglycemic Agents/therapeutic use
- Hypothalamus/cytology
- Hypothalamus/drug effects
- Hypothalamus/metabolism
- Hypothalamus/pathology
- Leptin/analogs & derivatives
- Leptin/metabolism
- Leptin/pharmacology
- Leptin/therapeutic use
- Lipotropic Agents/pharmacology
- Lipotropic Agents/therapeutic use
- Male
- Mice, Knockout
- Mice, Mutant Strains
- Mice, Transgenic
- Nerve Tissue Proteins/agonists
- Nerve Tissue Proteins/chemistry
- Nerve Tissue Proteins/genetics
- Nerve Tissue Proteins/metabolism
- Neurons/cytology
- Neurons/drug effects
- Neurons/metabolism
- Neurons/pathology
- Obesity/drug therapy
- Obesity/metabolism
- Obesity/pathology
- RNA, Messenger/chemistry
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- Receptors, Leptin/agonists
- Receptors, Leptin/genetics
- Receptors, Leptin/metabolism
- Sequence Analysis, RNA
- Signal Transduction/drug effects
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Margaret B Allison
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Warren Pan
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | | | - Christa Patterson
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Kimi Shah
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Tammy Barnes
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Wenwen Cheng
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Alan Rupp
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - David P Olson
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics and Communicable Diseases, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Martin G Myers
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Viltart O, Duriez P, Tolle V. Metabolic and neuroendocrine adaptations to undernutrition in anorexia nervosa: from a clinical to a basic research point of view. Horm Mol Biol Clin Investig 2018; 36:hmbci-2018-0010. [PMID: 29804101 DOI: 10.1515/hmbci-2018-0010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2018] [Accepted: 03/13/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The exact mechanisms linking metabolic and neuroendocrine adaptations to undernutrition and the pathophysiology of anorexia nervosa (AN) are not fully understood. AN is a psychiatric disorder of complex etiology characterized by extreme starvation while the disease is progressing into a chronic state. Metabolic and endocrine alterations associated to this disorder are part of a powerful response to maintain whole body energy homeostasis. But these modifications may also contribute to associated neuropsychiatric symptoms (reward abnormalities, anxiety, depression) and thus participate to sustain the disease. The current review presents data with both a clinical and basic research point of view on the role of nutritional and energy sensors with neuroendocrine actions in the pathophysiology of the disease, as they modulate metabolic responses, reproductive functions, stress responses as well as physical activity. While clinical data present a full description of changes occurring in AN, animal models that integrate either spontaneous genetic mutations or experimentally-induced food restriction with hyperactivity and/or social stress recapitulate the main metabolic and endocrine alterations of AN and provide mechanistic information between undernutrition state and symptoms of the disease. Further progress on the central and peripheral mechanism involved in the pathophysiology of eating disorders partly relies on the development and/or refinement of existing animal models to include recently identified genetic traits and better mimic the complex and multifactorial dimensions of the disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Odile Viltart
- Centre de Psychiatrie et Neurosciences, INSERM UMR 894, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France.,Université de Lille (Sciences et technologies), Lille, France
| | - Philibert Duriez
- Centre de Psychiatrie et Neurosciences, INSERM UMR 894, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France.,Clinique des Maladies Mentales et de l'Encéphale (CMME), Hôpital Sainte-Anne, Paris, France
| | - Virginie Tolle
- Centre de Psychiatrie et Neurosciences, INSERM UMR 894, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
The Expanding Toolkit of Translating Ribosome Affinity Purification. J Neurosci 2018; 37:12079-12087. [PMID: 29237735 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1929-17.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2017] [Revised: 10/16/2017] [Accepted: 11/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Translating ribosome affinity purification is a method initially developed for profiling mRNA from genetically defined cell types in complex tissues. It has been applied both to identify target molecules in cell types that are important for controlling a variety of behaviors in the brain, and to understand the molecular consequences on those cells due to experimental manipulations, ranging from drugs of abuse to disease-causing mutations. Since its inception, a variety of methodological advances are opening new avenues of investigation. These advances include a variety of new methods for targeting cells for translating ribosome affinity purification by features such as their projections or activity, additional tags and mouse reagents increasing the flexibility of the system, and new modifications of the method specifically focused on studying the regulation of translation. The latter includes methods to assess cell type-specific regulation of translation in specific subcellular compartments. Here, I provide a summary of these recent advances and resources, highlighting both new experimental opportunities and areas for future technical development.
Collapse
|
44
|
Koekkoek LL, Mul JD, la Fleur SE. Glucose-Sensing in the Reward System. Front Neurosci 2017; 11:716. [PMID: 29311793 PMCID: PMC5742113 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2017.00716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2017] [Accepted: 12/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Glucose-sensing neurons are neurons that alter their activity in response to changes in extracellular glucose. These neurons, which are an important mechanism the brain uses to monitor changes in glycaemia, are present in the hypothalamus, where they have been thoroughly investigated. Recently, glucose-sensing neurons have also been identified in brain nuclei which are part of the reward system. However, little is known about the molecular mechanisms by which they function, and their role in the reward system. We therefore aim to provide an overview of molecular mechanisms that have been studied in the hypothalamic glucose-sensing neurons, and investigate which of these transporters, enzymes and channels are present in the reward system. Furthermore, we speculate about the role of glucose-sensing neurons in the reward system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura L Koekkoek
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Laboratory of Endocrinology, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Metabolism and Reward Group, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Institute of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW), Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Joram D Mul
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Laboratory of Endocrinology, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Metabolism and Reward Group, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Institute of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW), Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Susanne E la Fleur
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Laboratory of Endocrinology, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Metabolism and Reward Group, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Institute of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW), Amsterdam, Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Fioramonti X, Chrétien C, Leloup C, Pénicaud L. Recent Advances in the Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms of Hypothalamic Neuronal Glucose Detection. Front Physiol 2017; 8:875. [PMID: 29184506 PMCID: PMC5694446 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2017.00875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2017] [Accepted: 10/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The hypothalamus have been recognized for decades as one of the major brain centers for the control of energy homeostasis. This area contains specialized neurons able to detect changes in nutrients level. Among them, glucose-sensing neurons use glucose as a signaling molecule in addition to its fueling role. In this review we will describe the different sub-populations of glucose-sensing neurons present in the hypothalamus and highlight their nature in terms of neurotransmitter/neuropeptide expression. This review will particularly discuss whether pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC) neurons from the arcuate nucleus are directly glucose-sensing. In addition, recent observations in glucose-sensing suggest a subtle system with different mechanisms involved in the detection of changes in glucose level and their involvement in specific physiological functions. Several data point out the critical role of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and mitochondria dynamics in the detection of increased glucose. This review will also highlight that ATP-dependent potassium (KATP) channels are not the only channels mediating glucose-sensing and discuss the new role of transient receptor potential canonical channels (TRPC). We will discuss the recent advances in the determination of glucose-sensing machinery and propose potential line of research needed to further understand the regulation of brain glucose detection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xavier Fioramonti
- NutriNeuro, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France.,Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Chloé Chrétien
- Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Corinne Leloup
- Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Luc Pénicaud
- Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France.,Stromalab, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Devarakonda K, Stanley S. Investigating metabolic regulation using targeted neuromodulation. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2017; 1411:83-95. [PMID: 29106710 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.13468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2017] [Revised: 08/11/2017] [Accepted: 08/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The central nervous system (CNS) plays a vital role in regulating energy balance and metabolism. Over the last 50 years, studies in animal models have allowed us to identify critical CNS regions involved in these processes and even crucial cell populations. Now, techniques for genetically and anatomically targeted manipulation of specific neural populations using light (optogenetic), ligands (chemogenetic), or magnetic fields (radiogenetic/magnetogenetic) allow detailed investigation of circuits involved in metabolic regulation. In this review, we provide a brief overview of recent studies using light- and magnetic field-regulated neural activity to investigate the neural circuits contributing to metabolic control.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kavya Devarakonda
- Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Sarah Stanley
- Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York.,Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism Institute, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
van den Top M, Zhao FY, Viriyapong R, Michael NJ, Munder AC, Pryor JT, Renaud LP, Spanswick D. The impact of ageing, fasting and high-fat diet on central and peripheral glucose tolerance and glucose-sensing neural networks in the arcuate nucleus. J Neuroendocrinol 2017; 29. [PMID: 28834571 DOI: 10.1111/jne.12528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2017] [Revised: 08/01/2017] [Accepted: 08/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Obesity and ageing are risk factors for diabetes. In the present study, we investigated the effects of ageing, obesity and fasting on central and peripheral glucose tolerance and on glucose-sensing neuronal function in the arcuate nucleus of rats, with a view to providing insight into the central mechanisms regulating glucose homeostasis and how they change or are subject to dysfunction with ageing and obesity. We show that, following a glucose load, central glucose tolerance at the level of the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and plasma is significantly reduced in rats maintained on a high-fat diet (HFD). With ageing, up to 2 years, central glucose tolerance was impaired in an age-dependent manner, whereas peripheral glucose tolerance remained unaffected. Ageing-induced peripheral glucose intolerance was improved by a 24-hour fast, whereas central glucose tolerance was not corrected. Pre-wean, immature animals have elevated basal plasma glucose levels and a delayed increase in central glucose levels following peripheral glucose injection compared to mature animals. Electrophysiological recording techniques revealed an energy-status-dependent role for glucose-excited, inhibited and adapting neurones, along with glucose-induced changes in synaptic transmission. We conclude that ageing affects central glucose tolerance, whereas HFD profoundly affects central and peripheral glucose tolerance and, in addition, glucose-sensing neurones adapt function in an energy-status-dependent manner.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - F-Y Zhao
- NeuroSolutions Ltd, Coventry, UK
| | - R Viriyapong
- Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
- MOAC DTC, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | - N J Michael
- Metabolic Disease and Obesity Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Physiology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - A C Munder
- Metabolic Disease and Obesity Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Physiology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - J T Pryor
- Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
- Metabolic Disease and Obesity Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Physiology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - L P Renaud
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa Civic Hospital, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - D Spanswick
- NeuroSolutions Ltd, Coventry, UK
- Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
- Metabolic Disease and Obesity Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Physiology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
- Neuroscience Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Medrihan L, Sagi Y, Inde Z, Krupa O, Daniels C, Peyrache A, Greengard P. Initiation of Behavioral Response to Antidepressants by Cholecystokinin Neurons of the Dentate Gyrus. Neuron 2017; 95:564-576.e4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2017.06.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2016] [Revised: 03/09/2017] [Accepted: 06/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
|
49
|
Nectow AR, Moya MV, Ekstrand MI, Mousa A, McGuire KL, Sferrazza CE, Field BC, Rabinowitz GS, Sawicka K, Liang Y, Friedman JM, Heintz N, Schmidt EF. Rapid Molecular Profiling of Defined Cell Types Using Viral TRAP. Cell Rep 2017; 19:655-667. [PMID: 28423326 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2017.03.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2016] [Revised: 02/11/2017] [Accepted: 03/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Translational profiling methodologies enable the systematic characterization of cell types in complex tissues, such as the mammalian brain, where neuronal isolation is exceptionally difficult. Here, we report a versatile strategy for profiling CNS cell types in a spatiotemporally restricted fashion by engineering a Cre-dependent adeno-associated virus expressing an EGFP-tagged ribosomal protein (AAV-FLEX-EGFPL10a) to access translating mRNAs by translating ribosome affinity purification (TRAP). We demonstrate the utility of this AAV to target a variety of genetically and anatomically defined neural populations expressing Cre recombinase and illustrate the ability of this viral TRAP (vTRAP) approach to recapitulate the molecular profiles obtained by bacTRAP in corticothalamic neurons across multiple serotypes. Furthermore, spatially restricting adeno-associated virus (AAV) injections enabled the elucidation of regional differences in gene expression within this cell type. Altogether, these results establish the broad applicability of the vTRAP strategy for the molecular dissection of any CNS or peripheral cell type that can be engineered to express Cre.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander R Nectow
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The Rockefeller University, 1230 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA; Princeton Neuroscience Institute, Princeton University, Lot 20 Washington Road, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA.
| | - Maria V Moya
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The Rockefeller University, 1230 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Mats I Ekstrand
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The Rockefeller University, 1230 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Awni Mousa
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The Rockefeller University, 1230 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Kelly L McGuire
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The Rockefeller University, 1230 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Caroline E Sferrazza
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The Rockefeller University, 1230 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Bianca C Field
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The Rockefeller University, 1230 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Gabrielle S Rabinowitz
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuro-Oncology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The Rockefeller University, 1230 York Avenue, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Kirsty Sawicka
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuro-Oncology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The Rockefeller University, 1230 York Avenue, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Yupu Liang
- Hospital Informatics, The Rockefeller University, 1230 York Avenue, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Jeffrey M Friedman
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The Rockefeller University, 1230 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Nathaniel Heintz
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The Rockefeller University, 1230 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA.
| | - Eric F Schmidt
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The Rockefeller University, 1230 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Cady G, Landeryou T, Garratt M, Kopchick JJ, Qi N, Garcia-Galiano D, Elias CF, Myers MG, Miller RA, Sandoval DA, Sadagurski M. Hypothalamic growth hormone receptor (GHR) controls hepatic glucose production in nutrient-sensing leptin receptor (LepRb) expressing neurons. Mol Metab 2017; 6:393-405. [PMID: 28462074 PMCID: PMC5404104 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2017.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2017] [Revised: 02/28/2017] [Accepted: 03/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The GH/IGF-1 axis has important roles in growth and metabolism. GH and GH receptor (GHR) are active in the central nervous system (CNS) and are crucial in regulating several aspects of metabolism. In the hypothalamus, there is a high abundance of GH-responsive cells, but the role of GH signaling in hypothalamic neurons is unknown. Previous work has demonstrated that the Ghr gene is highly expressed in LepRb neurons. Given that leptin is a key regulator of energy balance by acting on leptin receptor (LepRb)-expressing neurons, we tested the hypothesis that LepRb neurons represent an important site for GHR signaling to control body homeostasis. Methods To determine the importance of GHR signaling in LepRb neurons, we utilized Cre/loxP technology to ablate GHR expression in LepRb neurons (LeprEYFPΔGHR). The mice were generated by crossing the Leprcre on the cre-inducible ROSA26-EYFP mice to GHRL/L mice. Parameters of body composition and glucose homeostasis were evaluated. Results Our results demonstrate that the sites with GHR and LepRb co-expression include ARH, DMH, and LHA neurons. Leptin action was not altered in LeprEYFPΔGHR mice; however, GH-induced pStat5-IR in LepRb neurons was significantly reduced in these mice. Serum IGF-1 and GH levels were unaltered, and we found no evidence that GHR signaling regulates food intake and body weight in LepRb neurons. In contrast, diminished GHR signaling in LepRb neurons impaired hepatic insulin sensitivity and peripheral lipid metabolism. This was paralleled with a failure to suppress expression of the gluconeogenic genes and impaired hepatic insulin signaling in LeprEYFPΔGHR mice. Conclusion These findings suggest the existence of GHR-leptin neurocircuitry that plays an important role in the GHR-mediated regulation of glucose metabolism irrespective of feeding. GHR and LepRb are co-localized in the ARH, DMH and LHA neurons. GHR signaling does not regulate food intake and body weight in LepRb neurons. Diminished GHR signaling in LepRb neurons impairs hepatic glucose production.
Collapse
Key Words
- ARH, arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus
- CNS, central nervous system
- DMH, dorsomedial hypothalamic nucleus
- GH, growth hormone
- GHR, growth hormone receptor
- Glucose production
- Growth hormone receptor
- Hypothalamus
- LHA, lateral hypothalamus
- Lepr, leptin receptor
- Leptin receptor
- Liver
- POMC, proopiomelanocortin
- PVH, paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus
- Stat3, signal transducer and activator of transcription 3
- Stat5, signal transducer and activator of transcription 5
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gillian Cady
- Department of Pathology and Geriatrics Center, University of Michigan Medical School, USA
| | - Taylor Landeryou
- Department of Pathology and Geriatrics Center, University of Michigan Medical School, USA
| | - Michael Garratt
- Department of Pathology and Geriatrics Center, University of Michigan Medical School, USA
| | - John J Kopchick
- Edison Biotechnology Institute, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA
| | - Nathan Qi
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - David Garcia-Galiano
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Carol F Elias
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Martin G Myers
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Richard A Miller
- Department of Pathology and Geriatrics Center, University of Michigan Medical School, USA
| | - Darleen A Sandoval
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Marianna Sadagurski
- Division of Geriatric and Palliative Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
| |
Collapse
|