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Vellucci L, De Simone G, Morley-Fletcher S, Buonaguro EF, Avagliano C, Barone A, Maccari S, Iasevoli F, de Bartolomeis A. Perinatal stress modulates glutamatergic functional connectivity: A post-synaptic density immediate early gene-based network analysis. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2024; 133:111032. [PMID: 38762163 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2024.111032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Revised: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/20/2024]
Abstract
Early life stress may induce synaptic changes within brain regions associated with behavioral disorders. Here, we investigated glutamatergic functional connectivity by a postsynaptic density immediate-early gene-based network analysis. Pregnant female Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into two experimental groups: one exposed to stress sessions and the other serving as a stress-free control group. Homer1 expression was evaluated by in situ hybridization technique in eighty-eight brain regions of interest of male rat offspring. Differences between the perinatal stress exposed group (PRS) (n = 5) and the control group (CTR) (n = 5) were assessed by performing the Student's t-test via SPSS 28.0.1.0 with Bonferroni correction. Additionally, all possible pairwise Spearman's correlations were computed as well as correlation matrices and networks for each experimental group were generated via RStudio and Cytoscape. Perinatal stress exposure was associated with Homer1a reduction in several cortical, thalamic, and striatal regions. Furthermore, it was found to affect functional connectivity between: the lateral septal nucleus, the central medial thalamic nucleus, the anterior part of the paraventricular thalamic nucleus, and both retrosplenial granular b cortex and hippocampal regions; the orbitofrontal cortex, amygdaloid nuclei, and hippocampal regions; and lastly, among regions involved in limbic system. Finally, the PRS networks showed a significant reduction in multiple connections for the ventrolateral part of the anteroventral thalamic nucleus after perinatal stress exposure, as well as a decrease in the centrality of ventral anterior thalamic and amygdaloid nuclei suggestive of putative reduced cortical control over these regions. Within the present preclinical setting, perinatal stress exposure is a modifier of glutamatergic early gene-based functional connectivity in neuronal circuits involved in behaviors relevant to model neurodevelopmental disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Licia Vellucci
- Section of Psychiatry, Laboratory of Translational and Molecular Psychiatry and Unit of Treatment-Resistant Psychosis, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Sciences and Dentistry, University Medical School of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy; Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples "Federico II", Via S. Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Giuseppe De Simone
- Section of Psychiatry, Laboratory of Translational and Molecular Psychiatry and Unit of Treatment-Resistant Psychosis, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Sciences and Dentistry, University Medical School of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - Sara Morley-Fletcher
- Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, University of Lille, CNRS, UMR 8576, UGSF, F-59000 Lille, France; International Associated Laboratory (LIA) "Perinatal Stress and Neurodegenerative Diseases", Sapienza University of Rome - IRCCS, Neuromed, Rome, Italy and University of Lille - CNRS, UMR 8576, Lille, France
| | - Elisabetta Filomena Buonaguro
- Section of Psychiatry, Laboratory of Translational and Molecular Psychiatry and Unit of Treatment-Resistant Psychosis, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Sciences and Dentistry, University Medical School of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - Camilla Avagliano
- Section of Psychiatry, Laboratory of Translational and Molecular Psychiatry and Unit of Treatment-Resistant Psychosis, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Sciences and Dentistry, University Medical School of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - Annarita Barone
- Section of Psychiatry, Laboratory of Translational and Molecular Psychiatry and Unit of Treatment-Resistant Psychosis, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Sciences and Dentistry, University Medical School of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - Stefania Maccari
- Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, University of Lille, CNRS, UMR 8576, UGSF, F-59000 Lille, France; International Associated Laboratory (LIA) "Perinatal Stress and Neurodegenerative Diseases", Sapienza University of Rome - IRCCS, Neuromed, Rome, Italy and University of Lille - CNRS, UMR 8576, Lille, France; Department of Science and Medical-Surgical Biotechnology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Felice Iasevoli
- Section of Psychiatry, Laboratory of Translational and Molecular Psychiatry and Unit of Treatment-Resistant Psychosis, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Sciences and Dentistry, University Medical School of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - Andrea de Bartolomeis
- Section of Psychiatry, Laboratory of Translational and Molecular Psychiatry and Unit of Treatment-Resistant Psychosis, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Sciences and Dentistry, University Medical School of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy.
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Zhang P, Munier JJ, Wiese CB, Vergnes L, Link JC, Abbasi F, Ronquillo E, Scheker K, Muñoz A, Kuang YL, Theusch E, Lu M, Sanchez G, Oni-Orisan A, Iribarren C, McPhaul MJ, Nomura DK, Knowles JW, Krauss RM, Medina MW, Reue K. X chromosome dosage drives statin-induced dysglycemia and mitochondrial dysfunction. Nat Commun 2024; 15:5571. [PMID: 38956041 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-49764-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Statin drugs lower blood cholesterol levels for cardiovascular disease prevention. Women are more likely than men to experience adverse statin effects, particularly new-onset diabetes (NOD) and muscle weakness. Here we find that impaired glucose homeostasis and muscle weakness in statin-treated female mice are associated with reduced levels of the omega-3 fatty acid, docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), impaired redox tone, and reduced mitochondrial respiration. Statin adverse effects are prevented in females by administering fish oil as a source of DHA, by reducing dosage of the X chromosome or the Kdm5c gene, which escapes X chromosome inactivation and is normally expressed at higher levels in females than males. As seen in female mice, we find that women experience more severe reductions than men in DHA levels after statin administration, and that DHA levels are inversely correlated with glucose levels. Furthermore, induced pluripotent stem cells from women who developed NOD exhibit impaired mitochondrial function when treated with statin, whereas cells from men do not. These studies identify X chromosome dosage as a genetic risk factor for statin adverse effects and suggest DHA supplementation as a preventive co-therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peixiang Zhang
- Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Joseph J Munier
- Molecular, Cellular & Integrative Physiology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Carrie B Wiese
- Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Laurent Vergnes
- Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Jenny C Link
- Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Biology, Whittier College, Whittier, CA, USA
| | - Fahim Abbasi
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine and Cardiovascular Institute, Diabetes Research Center, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Emilio Ronquillo
- Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Katherine Scheker
- Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Antonio Muñoz
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, Oakland, CA, USA
| | - Yu-Lin Kuang
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, Oakland, CA, USA
| | - Elizabeth Theusch
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, Oakland, CA, USA
| | - Meng Lu
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente, Oakland, CA, USA
| | | | - Akinyemi Oni-Orisan
- Institute for Human Genetics, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | - Michael J McPhaul
- Quest Diagnostics Nichols Institute, San Juan Capistrano, CA, 92675, USA
| | - Daniel K Nomura
- Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology, and Novartis-Berkeley Center of Proteomics and Chemistry Technologies, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Joshua W Knowles
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine and Cardiovascular Institute, Diabetes Research Center, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Ronald M Krauss
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, Oakland, CA, USA
| | - Marisa W Medina
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, Oakland, CA, USA
| | - Karen Reue
- Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
- Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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3
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Bennett KA, Sutherland C, Savage AL. A systematic review and meta-analysis of environmental contaminant exposure impacts on weight loss and glucose regulation during calorie-restricted diets in preclinical studies: Persistent organic pollutants may impede glycemic control. Biochem Pharmacol 2024; 225:116300. [PMID: 38782075 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2024.116300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Revised: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Epidemiological evidence links chemical exposure with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) risk and prevalence. Chemical exposure may therefore also limit success of weight loss or restoration of glycemic control during calorie restricted diets. Few human studies examine this hypothesis. This systematic review and clustered meta-analysis examines preclinical evidence that exposure to anthropogenic environmental contaminants impedes weight loss and resumption of glycemic control during calorie restriction. Of five eligible papers from 212 unique citations, four used C57BL/6 mice and one used Sprague Dawley rats. In four the animals received high fat diets to induce obesity and impaired glycemic control. All examined persistent organic pollutants (POPs). Polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) 77 exposure did not affect final mass (standardised mean difference (SMD) = -0.35 [-1.09, 0.39]; n = 5 (experiments); n = 3 (papers)), or response to insulin in insulin tolerance tests (SMD = -1.54 [-3.25, 0.16] n = 3 (experiments); n = 2 (papers)), but impaired glucose control in glucose tolerance tests (SMD = -1.30 [-1.96, -0.63]; n = 6 (experiments); n = 3 (papers)). The impaired glycemic control following perfluoro-octane sulphonic acid (PFOS) exposure and enhanced mass loss following dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) exposure have not been replicated. Animal studies thus suggest some chemical groups, especially PCB and PFOS, could impair glucose control management during calorie restriction, similar to conclusions from limited existing clinical studies. We discuss the research that is urgently required to inform weight management services that are now the mainstay prevention initiative for T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- K A Bennett
- Division of Health Sciences, School of Applied Sciences, Kydd Building, Abertay University, Dundee, DD1 1HG.
| | | | - A L Savage
- Division of Health Sciences, School of Applied Sciences, Kydd Building, Abertay University, Dundee, DD1 1HG
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Corbi G, Comegna M, Vinciguerra C, Capasso A, Onorato L, Salucci AM, Rapacciuolo A, Cannavo A. Age and sex mediated effects of estrogen and Β3-adrenergic receptor on cardiovascular pathophysiology. Exp Gerontol 2024; 190:112420. [PMID: 38588751 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2024.112420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Revised: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
Sex differences are consistently identified in determining the prevalence, manifestation, and response to therapies in several systemic disorders, including those affecting the cardiovascular (CV), skeletal muscle, and nervous system. Interestingly, such differences are often more noticeable as we age. For example, premenopausal women experience a lower risk of CV disease than men of the same age. While at an advanced age, with menopause, the risk of cardiovascular diseases and adverse outcomes increases exponentially in women, exceeding that of men. However, this effect appears to be reversed in diseases such as pulmonary hypertension, where women are up to seven times more likely than men to develop an idiopathic form of the disease with symptoms developing ten years earlier than their male counterparts. Explaining this is a complex question. However, several factors and mechanisms have been identified in recent decades, including a role for sex hormones, particularly estrogens and their related receptors. Furthermore, an emerging role in these sex differences has also been suggested for β-adrenergic receptors (βARs), which are essential regulators of mammalian physiology. It has in fact been shown that βARs interact with estrogen receptors (ER), providing further demonstration of their involvement in determining sexual differences. Based on these premises, this review article focused on the β3AR subtype, which shows important activities in adipose tissue but with new and interesting roles in regulating the function of cardiomyocytes and vascular cells. In detail, we examined how β3AR and ER signaling are intertwined and whether there would be sex- and age-dependent specific effects of these receptor systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graziamaria Corbi
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Marika Comegna
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy; CEINGE-Advanced Biotechnologies - Franco Salvatore, Naples, Italy
| | - Caterina Vinciguerra
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Alessio Capasso
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Luigi Onorato
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | | | - Antonio Rapacciuolo
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - Alessandro Cannavo
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.
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Agarwal AK, Tunison K, Horton JD, Garg A. Regulated regeneration of adipose tissue in lipodystrophic Agpat2-null mice partially ameliorates hepatic steatosis. iScience 2024; 27:109517. [PMID: 38623324 PMCID: PMC11016861 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.109517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Both humans and mice with congenital generalized lipodystrophy due to AGPAT2 deficiency develop diabetes mellitus, insulin resistance, and hepatic steatosis, which have been attributed to the near total loss of adipose tissue (AT). Here, we show that regulated AT regeneration in doxycycline (dox)-fed Tg-AT-hAGPAT2;mAgpat2-/- mice partially ameliorates hepatic steatosis at 12 weeks of age and causes reduced expression of genes involved in hepatic de novo lipogenesis despite partial (∼30-50%) AT regeneration compared to that in wild-type mice. Compared to chow-fed Tg-AT-hAGPAT2;mAgpat2-/- mice, those fed dox diet had markedly reduced serum insulin levels, suggesting an improvement in insulin resistance. Interestingly, the fasting plasma glucose levels in dox-fed Tg-AT-hAGPAT2;mAgpat2-/- mice were no different than those in chow-fed wild-type mice. Indirect calorimetry revealed normalization in the energy balance of dox-fed Tg-AT-hAGPAT2;mAgpat2-/- mice compared to that in chow-fed mice. This study's findings suggest that partial AT regeneration in lipodystrophic mice can ameliorate metabolic derangements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anil K. Agarwal
- Section of Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases, Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
- Center for Human Nutrition, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Katie Tunison
- Section of Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases, Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
- Center for Human Nutrition, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Jay D. Horton
- Center for Human Nutrition, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
- Department of Molecular Genetics, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Abhimanyu Garg
- Section of Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases, Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
- Center for Human Nutrition, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
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6
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Das TK, Kar P, Panchali T, Khatun A, Dutta A, Ghosh S, Chakrabarti S, Pradhan S, Mondal KC, Ghosh K. Anti-obesity potentiality of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum E2_MCCKT isolated from a fermented beverage, haria: a high fat diet-induced obese mice model study. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2024; 40:168. [PMID: 38630156 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-024-03983-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
Obesity is a growing epidemic worldwide. Several pharmacologic drugs are being used to treat obesity but these medicines exhibit side effects. To find out the alternatives of these drugs, we aimed to assess the probiotic properties and anti-obesity potentiality of a lactic acid bacterium E2_MCCKT, isolated from a traditional fermented rice beverage, haria. Based on the 16S rRNA sequencing, the bacterium was identified as Lactiplantibacillus plantarum E2_MCCKT. The bacterium exhibited in vitro probiotic activity in terms of high survivability in an acidic environment and 2% bile salt, moderate auto-aggregation, and hydrophobicity. Later, E2_MCCKT was applied to obese mice to prove its anti-obesity potentiality. Adult male mice (15.39 ± 0.19 g) were randomly divided into three groups (n = 5) according to the type of diet: normal diet (ND), high-fat diet (HFD), and HFD supplemented with E2_MCCKT (HFT). After four weeks of bacterial treatment on the obese mice, a significant reduction of body weight, triglyceride, and cholesterol levels, whereas, improvements in serum glucose levels were observed. The bacterial therapy led to mRNA up-regulation of lipolytic transcription factors such as peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-α which may increase the expression of fatty acid oxidation-related genes such as acyl-CoA oxidase and carnitine palmitoyl-transferase-1. Concomitantly, both adipocytogenesis and fatty acid synthesis were arrested as reflected by the down-regulation of sterol-regulatory element-binding protein-1c, acetyl-CoA carboxylase, and fatty acid synthase genes. In protein expression study, E2_MCCKT significantly increased IL-10 expression while decreasing pro-inflammatory cytokine (IL-1Ra and TNF-α) expression. In conclusion, the probiotic Lp. plantarum E2_MCCKT might have significant anti-obesity effects on mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tridip Kumar Das
- Department of Biological Sciences, Midnapore City College, Midnapore, 721129, West Bengal, India
- Biodiversity and Environmental Studies Research Center, Midnapore City College Affiliated to Vidyasagar University, Midnapore, West Bengal, India
| | - Priyanka Kar
- Department of Biological Sciences, Midnapore City College, Midnapore, 721129, West Bengal, India
- Biodiversity and Environmental Studies Research Center, Midnapore City College Affiliated to Vidyasagar University, Midnapore, West Bengal, India
| | - Titli Panchali
- Department of Biological Sciences, Midnapore City College, Midnapore, 721129, West Bengal, India
- Biodiversity and Environmental Studies Research Center, Midnapore City College Affiliated to Vidyasagar University, Midnapore, West Bengal, India
| | - Amina Khatun
- Department of Biological Sciences, Midnapore City College, Midnapore, 721129, West Bengal, India
- Biodiversity and Environmental Studies Research Center, Midnapore City College Affiliated to Vidyasagar University, Midnapore, West Bengal, India
| | - Ananya Dutta
- Department of Biological Sciences, Midnapore City College, Midnapore, 721129, West Bengal, India
- Biodiversity and Environmental Studies Research Center, Midnapore City College Affiliated to Vidyasagar University, Midnapore, West Bengal, India
| | - Smita Ghosh
- Department of Biological Sciences, Midnapore City College, Midnapore, 721129, West Bengal, India
- Biodiversity and Environmental Studies Research Center, Midnapore City College Affiliated to Vidyasagar University, Midnapore, West Bengal, India
| | - Sudipta Chakrabarti
- Department of Biological Sciences, Midnapore City College, Midnapore, 721129, West Bengal, India
| | - Shrabani Pradhan
- Department of Biological Sciences, Midnapore City College, Midnapore, 721129, West Bengal, India
| | - Keshab Chandra Mondal
- Department of Microbiology, Vidyasagar University, Midnapore, 721102, West Bengal, India
| | - Kuntal Ghosh
- Department of Biological Sciences, Midnapore City College, Midnapore, 721129, West Bengal, India.
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7
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Pape M, Miyagi M, Ritz SA, Boulicault M, Richardson SS, Maney DL. Sex contextualism in laboratory research: Enhancing rigor and precision in the study of sex-related variables. Cell 2024; 187:1316-1326. [PMID: 38490173 PMCID: PMC11219044 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2024.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
Understanding sex-related variation in health and illness requires rigorous and precise approaches to revealing underlying mechanisms. A first step is to recognize that sex is not in and of itself a causal mechanism; rather, it is a classification system comprising a set of categories, usually assigned according to a range of varying traits. Moving beyond sex as a system of classification to working with concrete and measurable sex-related variables is necessary for precision. Whether and how these sex-related variables matter-and what patterns of difference they contribute to-will vary in context-specific ways. Second, when researchers incorporate these sex-related variables into research designs, rigorous analytical methods are needed to allow strongly supported conclusions. Third, the interpretation and reporting of sex-related variation require care to ensure that basic and preclinical research advance health equity for all.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madeleine Pape
- Institute of Social Sciences, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Miriam Miyagi
- Center for Computational Molecular Biology, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Stacey A Ritz
- Department of Pathology & Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Marion Boulicault
- Department of Philosophy, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland
| | - Sarah S Richardson
- Department of the History of Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA; Committee on Degrees in Studies of Women, Gender, and Sexuality, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Donna L Maney
- Department of Psychology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA; Harvard-Radcliffe Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
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Saxena G, Gallagher S, Law TD, Maschari D, Walsh E, Dudley C, Brault JJ, Consitt LA. Sex-specific increases in myostatin and SMAD3 contribute to obesity-related insulin resistance in human skeletal muscle and primary human myotubes. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2024; 326:E352-E365. [PMID: 38088865 PMCID: PMC11193514 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00199.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
The purpose of the present study was to determine the effects of obesity and biological sex on myostatin expression in humans and to examine the direct effects of myostatin, SMAD2, and SMAD3 on insulin signaling in primary human skeletal muscle cells (HSkMCs). For cohort 1, 15 lean [body mass index (BMI): 22.1 ± 0.5 kg/m2; n = 8 males; n = 7 females] and 14 obese (BMI: 40.6 ± 1.4 kg/m2; n = 7 males; n = 7 females) individuals underwent skeletal muscle biopsies and an oral glucose tolerance test. For cohort 2, 14 young lean (BMI: 22.4 ± 1.9 kg/m2; n = 6 males; n = 8 females) and 14 obese (BMI: 39.3 ± 7.9 kg/m2; n = 6 males; n = 8 females) individuals underwent muscle biopsies for primary HSkMC experiments. Plasma mature myostatin (P = 0.041), skeletal muscle precursor myostatin (P = 0.048), and skeletal muscle SMAD3 (P = 0.029) were elevated in obese females compared to lean females, and plasma mature myostatin (r = 0.58, P = 0.029) and skeletal muscle SMAD3 (r = 0.56, P = 0.037) were associated with insulin resistance in females but not males. Twenty-four hours of myostatin treatment impaired insulin signaling in primary HSkMCs derived from females (P < 0.024) but not males. Overexpression of SMAD3, but not SMAD2, impaired insulin-stimulated AS160 phosphorylation in HSkMCs derived from lean females (-27%, P = 0.040), whereas silencing SMAD3 improved insulin-stimulated AS160 phosphorylation and insulin-stimulated glucose uptake (25%, P < 0.014) in HSkMCs derived from obese females. These results suggest for the first time that myostatin-induced impairments in skeletal muscle insulin signaling are sex specific and that increased body fat in females is associated with detrimental elevations in myostatin and SMAD3, which contribute to obesity-related insulin resistance.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Obesity is considered a main risk factor for the development of insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. The present study utilizes in vivo and in vitro experiments in human skeletal muscle to demonstrate for the first time that females are inherently more susceptible to myostatin-induced insulin resistance, which is further enhanced with obesity due to increased myostatin and SMAD3 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gunjan Saxena
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ohio University Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio, United States
| | - Sean Gallagher
- Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio, United States
| | - Timothy D Law
- Ohio Musculoskeletal and Neurological Institute, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio, United States
| | - Dominic Maschari
- College of Health Sciences and Professions, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio, United States
| | - Erin Walsh
- Biological Sciences Department, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio, United States
| | - Courtney Dudley
- Biological Sciences Department, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio, United States
| | - Jeffrey J Brault
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology, and Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States
- Indiana Center for Musculoskeletal Health, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States
| | - Leslie A Consitt
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ohio University Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio, United States
- Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio, United States
- Ohio Musculoskeletal and Neurological Institute, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio, United States
- Diabetes Institute, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio, United States
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9
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Hahn MK, Giacca A, Pereira S. In vivo techniques for assessment of insulin sensitivity and glucose metabolism. J Endocrinol 2024; 260:e230308. [PMID: 38198372 PMCID: PMC10895285 DOI: 10.1530/joe-23-0308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Metabolic tests are vital to determine in vivo insulin sensitivity and glucose metabolism in preclinical models, usually rodents. Such tests include glucose tolerance tests, insulin tolerance tests, and glucose clamps. Although these tests are not standardized, there are general guidelines for their completion and analysis that are constantly being refined. In this review, we describe metabolic tests in rodents as well as factors to consider when designing and performing these tests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaret K Hahn
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Banting & Best Diabetes Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Adria Giacca
- Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Banting & Best Diabetes Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sandra Pereira
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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10
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Fabunmi OA, Dludla PV, Nkambule BB. High-fat diet promotes coagulation and endothelial activation in Sprague Dawley rats: Short-term effects of combined oral contraceptives. CLINICA E INVESTIGACION EN ARTERIOSCLEROSIS : PUBLICACION OFICIAL DE LA SOCIEDAD ESPANOLA DE ARTERIOSCLEROSIS 2024; 36:60-70. [PMID: 37949735 DOI: 10.1016/j.arteri.2023.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Combined oral contraceptives (COCs), use in individuals are associated with increased risk of thrombotic events. This highlights the significance of assessing the impact of COC on promoting coagulation and endothelial activation in high-fat diet (HFD)-fed Sprague Dawley rats. METHODS Twenty (20) five-weeks-old female Sprague Dawley rats weighing between 150 and 200g were subjected to both LFD and HFD-feeding for 8-weeks to determine its influence on basic metabolic status, hemostatic profile, hemodynamic parameters (blood pressure and heart rate), as well as selected biomarkers of coagulation (tissue factor and D-dimer) and endothelial activation (Von Willebrand factor and nitric oxide). Thereafter HFD-fed animals were treated with receive high dose combined oral contraceptive (HCOC) and low dose combine oral contraceptive (LCOC) for 6 weeks. RESULTS Our results showed that beyond weight gain, HFD-feeding was associated with hyperglycemia, increased mean arterial pressure, and reduced nitric oxide levels when compared with LFD group (p<0.05). Interestingly, treatment with high dose of COC for 6-weeks did not significantly alter atherothrombotic markers (p>0.05). However, this study is not without limitation as regulation of these markers remains to be confirmed within the cardiac tissues or endothelial cells of these animals. CONCLUSION HFD-feeding orchestrate the concomitant release of pro-coagulants and endothelial activation markers in rats leading to haemostatic imbalance and endothelial dysfunction. Short-term treatment with COC shows no detrimental effects in these HFD-fed rats. Although in terms of clinical relevance, our findings depict the notion that the risk of CVD in association with COC may depend on the dosage and duration of use among other factors especially in certain conditions. However, additional studies are required to confirm these findings, especially long-term effects of this treatment within the cardiac tissues or endothelial cells of these animals in certain conditions relating to postmenopausal state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oyesanmi A Fabunmi
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences (SLMMS), College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4000, South Africa; Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Ekiti State University, Ado-Ekiti 5363, Nigeria
| | - Phiwayinkosi V Dludla
- Cochrane South Africa, South African Medical Research Council, Tygerberg 7505, South Africa; Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Zululand, KwaDlangezwa 3880, South Africa
| | - Bongani B Nkambule
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences (SLMMS), College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4000, South Africa.
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11
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Keshvari S, Masson JJR, Ferrari-Cestari M, Bodea LG, Nooru-Mohamed F, Tse BWC, Sokolowski KA, Batoon L, Patkar OL, Sullivan MA, Ebersbach H, Stutz C, Parton RG, Summers KM, Pettit AR, Hume DA, Irvine KM. Reversible expansion of tissue macrophages in response to macrophage colony-stimulating factor (CSF1) transforms systemic lipid and carbohydrate metabolism. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2024; 326:E149-E165. [PMID: 38117267 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00347.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
Macrophages regulate metabolic homeostasis in health and disease. Macrophage colony-stimulating factor (CSF1)-dependent macrophages contribute to homeostatic control of the size of the liver. This study aimed to determine the systemic metabolic consequences of elevating circulating CSF1. Acute administration of a CSF1-Fc fusion protein to mice led to monocytosis, increased resident tissue macrophages in the liver and all major organs, and liver growth. These effects were associated with increased hepatic glucose uptake and extensive mobilization of body fat. The impacts of CSF1 on macrophage abundance, liver size, and body composition were rapidly reversed to restore homeostasis. The effects of CSF1 on metabolism were independent of several known endocrine regulators and did not impact the physiological fasting response. Analysis using implantable telemetry in metabolic cages revealed progressively reduced body temperature and physical activity with no change in diurnal food intake. These results demonstrate the existence of a dynamic equilibrium between CSF1, the mononuclear phagocyte system, and control of liver-to-body weight ratio, which in turn controls systemic metabolic homeostasis. This novel macrophage regulatory axis has the potential to promote fat mobilization, without changes in appetence, which may have novel implications for managing metabolic syndrome.NEW & NOTEWORTHY CSF1 administration expands tissue macrophages, which transforms systemic metabolism. CSF1 drives fat mobilization and glucose uptake to support liver growth. The effects of CSF1 are independent of normal hormonal metabolic regulation. The effects of CSF1 are rapidly reversible, restoring homeostatic body composition. CSF1-dependent macrophages and liver size are coupled in a dynamic equilibrium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahar Keshvari
- Mater Research Institute-The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Jesse J R Masson
- Mater Research Institute-The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Michelle Ferrari-Cestari
- Mater Research Institute-The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Liviu-Gabriel Bodea
- Clem Jones Centre for Ageing and Dementia Research, Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Fathima Nooru-Mohamed
- Mater Research Institute-The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Brian W C Tse
- Preclinical Imaging Facility, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Kamil A Sokolowski
- Preclinical Imaging Facility, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Lena Batoon
- Mater Research Institute-The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Omkar L Patkar
- Mater Research Institute-The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Mitchell A Sullivan
- Mater Research Institute-The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Hilmar Ebersbach
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research (NIBR), Basel, Switzerland
| | - Cian Stutz
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research (NIBR), Basel, Switzerland
| | - Robert G Parton
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Centre for Microscopy and Microanalysis, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Kim M Summers
- Mater Research Institute-The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Allison R Pettit
- Mater Research Institute-The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - David A Hume
- Mater Research Institute-The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Katharine M Irvine
- Mater Research Institute-The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
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12
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Jin C, Wang C, Zhang C, Ye Q, Jin Y, Shi L. Imazalil resulted in glucolipid metabolism disturbance and abnormal m 6A RNA methylation in the liver of dam and offspring mice. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2024; 271:115963. [PMID: 38232526 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2024.115963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/06/2024] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
As a fungicide with the characteristics of high effectiveness, internal absorption and broad spectrum, imazalil is widely used to prevent and treat in fruits and vegetables. Here, pregnant C57BL/6 mice were exposed to imazalil at dietary levels of 0, 0.025‰, and 0.25‰ through drinking water during pregnancy and lactation. We then analyzed the phenotype, metabolome, and expression of related genes and proteins in the livers of mice. There was a marked decrease in the body and liver weights of male offspring mice after maternal imazalil exposure, while this effect on the dam and female offspring was slight. Metabolomics analyses revealed that imazalil significantly altered the metabolite composition of liver samples from both dams and offspring. The preliminary results of the analysis indicated that glucolipid metabolism was the pathway most significantly affected by imazalil. We performed a coabundance association analysis of metabolites with significant changes in the pathway of glycolipid metabolism, and IMZ altered the networks of both dams and offspring compared with the network in control mice, especially in male offspring. The hepatic triglyceride, non-esterified fatty acid and glucose levels were increased significantly in the dams but decreased significantly in male offspring after maternal imazalil exposure. Furthermore, the expression levels of genes associated with glycolipid metabolism and m6A RNA methylation were significantly affected by maternal intake of imazalil. Imazalil-induced glucolipid metabolism disturbance was highly correlated with m6A RNA methylation. In conclusion, maternal imazalil exposure resulted in glucolipid metabolism disturbance and abnormal m6A RNA methylation in the livers of dams and offspring mice. We expected that the information acquired in this study will provide novel evidence for understanding the effect of maternal imazalil exposure on potential health risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cuiyuan Jin
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310015, China
| | - Caiyun Wang
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Changzhi Medical College, Changzhi, Shanxi, 046000, China
| | - Chen Zhang
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310015, China
| | - Qi Ye
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310015, China
| | - Yuanxiang Jin
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310032, China.
| | - Liyun Shi
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310015, China.
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13
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Salma N, Wang-Evers M, Karasik D, Yerevanian A, Downs H, Luo T, Doyle AE, Tannous Z, Cacicedo JM, Manstein D. Large area fractional laser treatment of mouse skin increases energy expenditure. iScience 2024; 27:108677. [PMID: 38213618 PMCID: PMC10783634 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.108677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Fractional laser (FL) treatment is a common dermatologic procedure that generates arrays of microscopic treatment zones separated by intact tissue, promoting fast wound healing. Using a mouse model, we introduced a large area fractional laser treatment (LAFLT) method to study metabolic effects. Using two laser modalities, ablative FL (AFL) and non-ablative FL (NAFL), and exposing different percentages of mice's total body surface area (TBSA), we followed changes in metabolic parameters in real time using metabolic cages. Additionally, body composition, markers of inflammation, neurohormonal signaling, and browning of adipocytes were investigated. LAFLT, especially in high TBSA groups, had specific metabolic effects such as significantly increased average daily energy expenditure, increased fat mass loss, systemic browning of adipocytes, and inflammatory states, without compromising other organs. The ability of LAFLT to stimulate metabolism in a controlled way could develop into a promising therapeutic treatment to induce positive metabolic changes that replace or augment systemic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nunciada Salma
- Cutaneous Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02129, USA
| | - Michael Wang-Evers
- Cutaneous Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02129, USA
| | - Daniel Karasik
- Cutaneous Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02129, USA
- Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Haifa, Israel
| | - Armen Yerevanian
- Department of Medicine, Diabetes Unit, Endocrine Division, and Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Heather Downs
- Cutaneous Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02129, USA
| | - Tuanlian Luo
- Cutaneous Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02129, USA
| | - Abigail E. Doyle
- Cutaneous Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02129, USA
| | - Zeina Tannous
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, Lebanese American University, Beirut, Lebanon
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Jose M. Cacicedo
- Department of Research and Development ALPCO Diagnostics, Salem, NH, USA
| | - Dieter Manstein
- Cutaneous Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02129, USA
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14
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Li X, Yao Z, Qi X, Cui J, Zhou Y, Tan Y, Huang X, Ye H. Naringin ameliorates obesity via stimulating adipose thermogenesis and browning, and modulating gut microbiota in diet-induced obese mice. Curr Res Food Sci 2024; 8:100683. [PMID: 38313225 PMCID: PMC10835601 DOI: 10.1016/j.crfs.2024.100683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Naringin, a natural flavanone primarily found in citrus fruits, has garnered increased attention due to its recognized antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, and cardioprotective attributes. However, the functions of naringin in regulating energy expenditure are poorly understood. In the present study, we observed that twelve weeks of naringin supplementation substantially reshaped the metabolic profile of high-fat diet (HFD)-fed mice, by inhibiting body weight gain, reducing liver weight, and altering body compositions. Notably, naringin exhibited a remarkable capacity to augment whole-body energy expenditure of the tested mice by enhancing the thermogenic activity of brown adipose tissue (BAT) and stimulating browning of inguinal white adipose tissue (iWAT). Furthermore, our results showed naringin supplementation modified gut microbiota composition, specifically increasing the abundance of Bifidobacterium and Lachnospiraceae_bacterium_28-4, while reducing the abundance of Lachnospiraceae_bacterium_DW59 and Dubosiella_newyorkensis. Subsequently, we also found naringin supplementation altered fecal metabolite profile, by significantly promoting the production of taurine, tyrosol, and thymol, which act as potent activators of thermoregulation. Interestingly, the metabolic effects of naringin were abolished upon gut microbiota depletion through antibiotic intervention, concurrently leading the disappearance of naringin-induced thermogenesis and protective actions on diet-induced obesity. This discovery revealed a novel food-driven cross-sectional communication between gut bacteria and adipose tissues. Collectively, our data indicate that naringin supplementation stimulates BAT thermogenesis, alters fat distribution, promotes the browning process, and consequently inhibits body weight gain; importantly these metabolic effects require the participation of gut bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoping Li
- College of Culinary Science, Sichuan Tourism University, Chengdu, 610100, China
| | - Zhao Yao
- School of Health Industry, Sichuan Tourism University, Chengdu, 610100, China
| | - Xinyue Qi
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering, and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637371
| | - JinLing Cui
- College of Culinary Science, Sichuan Tourism University, Chengdu, 610100, China
| | - Yuliang Zhou
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering, and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637371
| | - Yihong Tan
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering, and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637371
| | - Xiaojun Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, China-Canada Joint Lab of Food Science and Technology (Nanchang), Nanchang University, 235 Nanjing East Road, Nanchang, 330047, China
| | - Hui Ye
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering, and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637371
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15
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Mauvais-Jarvis F. Sex differences in energy metabolism: natural selection, mechanisms and consequences. Nat Rev Nephrol 2024; 20:56-69. [PMID: 37923858 DOI: 10.1038/s41581-023-00781-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/06/2023]
Abstract
Metabolic homeostasis operates differently in men and women. This sex asymmetry is the result of evolutionary adaptations that enable women to resist loss of energy stores and protein mass while remaining fertile in times of energy deficit. During starvation or prolonged exercise, women rely on oxidation of lipids, which are a more efficient energy source than carbohydrates, to preserve glucose for neuronal and placental function and spare proteins necessary for organ function. Carbohydrate reliance in men could be an evolutionary adaptation related to defence and hunting, as glucose, unlike lipids, can be used as a fuel for anaerobic high-exertion muscle activity. The larger subcutaneous adipose tissue depots in healthy women than in healthy men provide a mechanism for lipid storage. As female mitochondria have higher functional capacity and greater resistance to oxidative damage than male mitochondria, uniparental inheritance of female mitochondria may reduce the transmission of metabolic disorders. However, in women, starvation resistance and propensity to obesity have evolved in tandem, and the current prevalence of obesity is greater in women than in men. The combination of genetic sex, programming by developmental testosterone in males, and pubertal sex hormones defines sex-specific biological systems in adults that produce phenotypic sex differences in energy homeostasis, metabolic disease and drug responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franck Mauvais-Jarvis
- Section of Endocrinology and Metabolism, John W. Deming Department of Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine and Tulane Center of Excellence in Sex-Based Biology & Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA.
- Endocrine service, Southeast Louisiana Veterans Health Care System, New Orleans, LA, USA.
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16
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Bartke A, Hascup E, Hascup K. Responses to Many Anti-Aging Interventions Are Sexually Dimorphic. World J Mens Health 2024; 42:29-38. [PMID: 37118966 PMCID: PMC10782120 DOI: 10.5534/wjmh.230015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/30/2023] Open
Abstract
There is increasing appreciation that sex differences are not limited to reproductive organs or traits related to reproduction and that sex is an important biological variable in most characteristics of a living organism. The biological process of aging and aging-related traits are no exception and exhibit numerous, often major, sex differences. This article explores one aspect of these differences, namely sex differences in the responses to anti-aging interventions. Aging can be slowed down and/or postponed by a variety of environmental ("lifestyle"), genetic or pharmacological interventions. Although many, particularly older studies utilized only one sex of experimental animals, there is considerable evidence that responses to these interventions can be very different in females and males. Calorie restriction (CR), that is reducing food intake without malnutrition can extend longevity in both sexes, but specific metabolic alterations and health benefits induced by CR are not the same in women and men. In laboratory mice, several of the genetic alterations that reduce insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-1) signaling extend longevity more effectively in females or in females only. Beneficial effects of rapamycin, an inhibitor of mTOR signaling, on mouse longevity are greater in females. In contrast, several anti-aging compounds, including a weak estrogen, 17 alpha estradiol, extend longevity of male, but not female, mice. Apparently, fundamental mechanisms of aging are not identical in females and males and it is essential to use both sexes in studies aimed at identifying novel anti-aging interventions. Recommendations for lifestyle modifications, drugs, and dietary supplements to maintain good health and functionality into advanced age and to live longer will likely need to be tailored to the sex of the user.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrzej Bartke
- Department of Internal Medicine, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, IL, USA
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Cell Biology, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, IL, USA.
| | - Erin Hascup
- Dale and Deborah Smith Center for Alzheimer's Research and Treatment, Department of Neurology, Neurosciences Institute, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, IL, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, IL, USA
| | - Kevin Hascup
- Dale and Deborah Smith Center for Alzheimer's Research and Treatment, Department of Neurology, Neurosciences Institute, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, IL, USA
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Cell Biology, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, IL, USA
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17
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Christians JK, Reue K. The role of gonadal hormones and sex chromosomes in sex-dependent effects of early nutrition on metabolic health. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1304050. [PMID: 38189044 PMCID: PMC10770830 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1304050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Early-life conditions such as prenatal nutrition can have long-term effects on metabolic health, and these effects may differ between males and females. Understanding the biological mechanisms underlying sex differences in the response to early-life environment will improve interventions, but few such mechanisms have been identified, and there is no overall framework for understanding sex differences. Biological sex differences may be due to chromosomal sex, gonadal sex, or interactions between the two. This review describes approaches to distinguish between the roles of chromosomal and gonadal sex, and summarizes findings regarding sex differences in metabolism. The Four Core Genotypes (FCG) mouse model allows dissociation of the sex chromosome genotype from gonadal type, whereas the XY* mouse model can be used to distinguish effects of X chromosome dosage vs the presence of the Y chromosome. Gonadectomy can be used to distinguish between organizational (permanent) and activational (reversible) effects of sex hormones. Baseline sex differences in a variety of metabolic traits are influenced by both activational and organizational effects of gonadal hormones, as well as sex chromosome complement. Thus far, these approaches have not been widely applied to examine sex-dependent effects of prenatal conditions, although a number of studies have found activational effects of estradiol to be protective against the development of hypertension following early-life adversity. Genes that escape X chromosome inactivation (XCI), such as Kdm5c, contribute to baseline sex-differences in metabolism, while Ogt, another XCI escapee, leads to sex-dependent responses to prenatal maternal stress. Genome-wide approaches to the study of sex differences include mapping genetic loci influencing metabolic traits in a sex-dependent manner. Seeking enrichment for binding sites of hormone receptors among genes showing sexually-dimorphic expression can elucidate the relative roles of hormones. Using the approaches described herein to identify mechanisms underlying sex-dependent effects of early nutrition on metabolic health may enable the identification of fundamental mechanisms and potential interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian K. Christians
- Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada
- Centre for Cell Biology, Development and Disease, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada
- British Columbia Children’s Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Women’s Health Research Institute, BC Women’s Hospital and Health Centre, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Karen Reue
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
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18
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Moreau M, Acter S, Ngema LM, Bih N, Sy G, Keno LS, Chow KF, Sajo E, Nebangwa O, Walker J, Oh P, Broyles E, Ngwa W, Yasmin-Karim S. Pre-Clinical Investigations of the Pharmacodynamics of Immunogenic Smart Radiotherapy Biomaterials (iSRB). Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:2778. [PMID: 38140118 PMCID: PMC10747552 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15122778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The use of an immunogenic smart radiotherapy biomaterial (iSRB) for the delivery of anti-CD40 is effective in treating different cancers in animal models. This study further characterizes the use of iSRBs to evaluate any associated toxicity in healthy C57BL6 mice. iSRBs were fabricated using a poly-lactic-co-glycolic-acid (PLGA) polymer mixed with titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles incorporated into its matrix. Animal studies included investigations of freely injected anti-CD40, anti-CD40-loaded iSRBs, unloaded iSRBs and control (healthy) animal cohorts. Mice were euthanized at pre-determined time points post-treatment to evaluate the serum chemistry pertaining to kidney and liver toxicity and cell blood count parameters, as well as pathology reports on organs of interest. Results showed comparable liver and kidney function in all cohorts. The results indicate that using iSRBs with or without anti-CD40 does not result in any significant toxicity compared to healthy untreated animals. The findings provide a useful reference for further studies aimed at optimizing the therapeutic efficacy and safety of iSRBs and further clinical translation work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Moreau
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (N.B.); (S.Y.-K.)
- Department of Radiation Oncology & Molecular Radiation Sciences, Johns’ Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA; (S.A.); (L.M.N.); (G.S.)
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Physics (Medical Physics), University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, MA 01854, USA; (K.F.C.); (E.S.)
| | - Shahinur Acter
- Department of Radiation Oncology & Molecular Radiation Sciences, Johns’ Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA; (S.A.); (L.M.N.); (G.S.)
| | - Lindokuhle M. Ngema
- Department of Radiation Oncology & Molecular Radiation Sciences, Johns’ Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA; (S.A.); (L.M.N.); (G.S.)
- Department of Pharmacy & Pharmacology, WITS Advanced Drug Delivery Platform Research Unit, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 2050, South Africa
| | - Noella Bih
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (N.B.); (S.Y.-K.)
| | - Gnagna Sy
- Department of Radiation Oncology & Molecular Radiation Sciences, Johns’ Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA; (S.A.); (L.M.N.); (G.S.)
| | - Lensa S. Keno
- Department of Health Administration and Human Resources, The University of Scranton, Scranton, PA 18510, USA;
| | - Kwok Fan Chow
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Physics (Medical Physics), University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, MA 01854, USA; (K.F.C.); (E.S.)
| | - Erno Sajo
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Physics (Medical Physics), University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, MA 01854, USA; (K.F.C.); (E.S.)
| | - Oscar Nebangwa
- Nanocan Therapeutics Corporation, Princeton, NJ 08540, USA; (O.N.); (J.W.); (E.B.)
| | - Jacques Walker
- Nanocan Therapeutics Corporation, Princeton, NJ 08540, USA; (O.N.); (J.W.); (E.B.)
| | - Philmo Oh
- Nanocan Therapeutics Corporation, Princeton, NJ 08540, USA; (O.N.); (J.W.); (E.B.)
| | - Eric Broyles
- Nanocan Therapeutics Corporation, Princeton, NJ 08540, USA; (O.N.); (J.W.); (E.B.)
| | - Wilfred Ngwa
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (N.B.); (S.Y.-K.)
- Department of Radiation Oncology & Molecular Radiation Sciences, Johns’ Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA; (S.A.); (L.M.N.); (G.S.)
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Physics (Medical Physics), University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, MA 01854, USA; (K.F.C.); (E.S.)
| | - Sayeda Yasmin-Karim
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (N.B.); (S.Y.-K.)
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19
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Tran V, Brettle H, Diep H, Dinh QN, O'Keeffe M, Fanson KV, Sobey CG, Lim K, Drummond GR, Vinh A, Jelinic M. Sex-specific effects of a high fat diet on aortic inflammation and dysfunction. Sci Rep 2023; 13:21644. [PMID: 38062083 PMCID: PMC10703842 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-47903-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity and vascular dysfunction are independent and sexually dimorphic risk factors for cardiovascular disease. A high fat diet (HFD) is often used to model obesity in mice, but the sex-specific effects of this diet on aortic inflammation and function are unclear. Therefore, we characterized the aortic immune cell profile and function in 6-week-old male and female C57BL/6 mice fed a normal chow diet (NCD) or HFD for 10 weeks. Metabolic parameters were measured weekly and fortnightly. At end point, aortic immune cell populations and endothelial function were characterized using flow cytometry and wire myography. HFD-male mice had higher bodyweight, blood cholesterol, fasting blood glucose and plasma insulin levels than NCD mice (P < 0.05). HFD did not alter systolic blood pressure (SBP), glycated hemoglobin or blood triglycerides in either sex. HFD-females had delayed increases in bodyweight with a transient increase in fasting blood glucose at week 8 (P < 0.05). Flow cytometry revealed fewer proinflammatory aortic monocytes in females fed a HFD compared to NCD. HFD did not affect aortic leukocyte populations in males. Conversely, HFD impaired endothelium-dependent vasorelaxation, but only in males. Overall, this highlights biological sex as a key factor determining vascular disease severity in HFD-fed mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivian Tran
- Centre for Cardiovascular Biology and Disease Research, Department of Microbiology, Anatomy Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Agriculture, Biomedicine and Environment, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
| | - Holly Brettle
- Centre for Cardiovascular Biology and Disease Research, Department of Microbiology, Anatomy Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Agriculture, Biomedicine and Environment, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
| | - Henry Diep
- Centre for Cardiovascular Biology and Disease Research, Department of Microbiology, Anatomy Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Agriculture, Biomedicine and Environment, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
| | - Quynh Nhu Dinh
- Centre for Cardiovascular Biology and Disease Research, Department of Microbiology, Anatomy Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Agriculture, Biomedicine and Environment, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
| | - Maeve O'Keeffe
- Centre for Cardiovascular Biology and Disease Research, Department of Microbiology, Anatomy Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Agriculture, Biomedicine and Environment, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
- Department of Animal, Plant and Soil Sciences, School of Agriculture, Biomedicine and Environment, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
| | - Kerry V Fanson
- Department of Animal, Plant and Soil Sciences, School of Agriculture, Biomedicine and Environment, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
| | - Christopher G Sobey
- Centre for Cardiovascular Biology and Disease Research, Department of Microbiology, Anatomy Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Agriculture, Biomedicine and Environment, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
| | - Kyungjoon Lim
- Centre for Cardiovascular Biology and Disease Research, Department of Microbiology, Anatomy Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Agriculture, Biomedicine and Environment, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
| | - Grant R Drummond
- Centre for Cardiovascular Biology and Disease Research, Department of Microbiology, Anatomy Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Agriculture, Biomedicine and Environment, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
| | - Antony Vinh
- Centre for Cardiovascular Biology and Disease Research, Department of Microbiology, Anatomy Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Agriculture, Biomedicine and Environment, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
| | - Maria Jelinic
- Centre for Cardiovascular Biology and Disease Research, Department of Microbiology, Anatomy Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Agriculture, Biomedicine and Environment, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia.
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20
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Liu Y, Fillebeen C, Forest A, Botta A, Varin TV, Marette A, Burelle Y, Des Rosiers C, Pantopoulos K, Sweeney G. Perturbations in lipid metabolism and gut microbiota composition precede cardiac dysfunction in a mouse model of thalassemia. FASEB J 2023; 37:e23257. [PMID: 37902616 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202301043r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023]
Abstract
Cardiomyopathy is a major complication of thalassemia, yet the precise underlying molecular mechanisms remain unclear. We examined whether altered lipid metabolism is an early driving factor in the development of cardiomyopathy using the Th3/+ mouse model of thalassemia. At age 20 weeks, male and female Th3/+ mice manifested anemia and iron overload; however, only males displayed metabolic defects and altered cardiac function. Untargeted lipidomics indicated that the circulating levels of 35 lipid species were significantly altered in Th3/+ mice compared to wild-type controls: triglycerides (TGs) with saturated fatty acids (FAs; TG42:0 and TG44:0) were elevated, while TGs with unsaturated FAs (TG(18:2_20:5_18:2 and TG54:8)) were reduced. Similarly, phosphatidylcholines (PCs) with long chain FAs (palmitic (16:0) or oleic (18:1)) were increased, while PCs with polyunsaturated FAs decreased. Circulating PC(16:0_14:0), GlcCer(d18:1/24:0) correlated significantly with iron overload and cardiac hypertrophy. 16S rRNA gene profiling revealed alterations in the intestinal microbiota of Th3/+ mice. Differentially abundant bacterial genera correlated with PC(39:6), PC(18:1_22:6), GlcCer(d18:1/24:1) and CE(14:0). These results provide new knowledge on perturbations in lipid metabolism and the gut microbiota of Th3/+ mice and identify specific factors which may represent early biomarkers or therapeutic targets to prevent development of cardiomyopathy in β-thalassemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Liu
- Department of Biology, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Carine Fillebeen
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research and Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Anik Forest
- Montreal Heart Institute Research Center, Department of Nutrition, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Amy Botta
- Department of Biology, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Thibault V Varin
- Department of Medicine, Heart and lung Institute, University of Laval, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
| | - André Marette
- Department of Medicine, Heart and lung Institute, University of Laval, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
| | - Yan Burelle
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Christine Des Rosiers
- Montreal Heart Institute Research Center, Department of Nutrition, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Kostas Pantopoulos
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research and Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Gary Sweeney
- Department of Biology, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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21
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Sadie-Van Gijsen H, Kotzé-Hörstmann L. Rat models of diet-induced obesity and metabolic dysregulation: Current trends, shortcomings and considerations for future research. Obes Res Clin Pract 2023; 17:449-457. [PMID: 37788944 DOI: 10.1016/j.orcp.2023.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
Rat diet-induced obesity and metabolic dysregulation (DIO/DIMD) is widely used as a pre-clinical model for human obesity and for testing weight-loss interventions. The aim of this review was to utilise a systematic literature survey of rat DIO/DIMD studies as a tool to document trends around study design and metabolic outcomes of these studies, and to consider ways in which the design of these studies may be improved to enhance the relevance thereof for human obesity research. In total, 110 comparisons between control and obesogenic dietary groups were included in the survey. Young male rats were found to be the model of choice, but fewer than 50% of studies provided comprehensive information about diet composition and energy intake. In addition, it was found that the majority of expected DIO/DIMD responses (hyperglycemia, hyperinsulinemia, dyslipidemia, hypoadiponectinemia) occurred at < 80% frequency, drawing into question the concept of a "typical" or "appropriate" response. We discuss the impact of differences in diet composition and energy intake on metabolic outcomes against the context of large heterogeneity of obesogenic diets employed in rat DIO/DIMD studies, and provide recommendations for the improvement of reporting standards around diet composition and dietary intake. In addition, we highlight the lack of data from female and older rats and describe considerations around the inclusion of sex and age as a variable in rat DIO/DIMD studies, aiming towards improving the applicability of these studies as a model of human obesity, which is most prevalent in women and older individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanél Sadie-Van Gijsen
- Centre for Cardio-metabolic Research in Africa (CARMA), Division of Medical Physiology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University Tygerberg Campus, PO Box 241, Cape Town 8000, South Africa.
| | - Liske Kotzé-Hörstmann
- Centre for Cardio-metabolic Research in Africa (CARMA), Division of Medical Physiology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University Tygerberg Campus, PO Box 241, Cape Town 8000, South Africa; Institute for Sport and Exercise Medicine (ISEM), Department of Sport Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University Tygerberg Campus, PO Box 241, Cape Town 8000, South Africa
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22
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Tkáč I, Xie T, Shah N, Larson S, Dubinsky JM, Gomez-Pastor R, McLoughlin HS, Orr HT, Eberly LE, Öz G. Regional sex differences in neurochemical profiles of healthy mice measured by magnetic resonance spectroscopy at 9.4 tesla. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1278828. [PMID: 37954878 PMCID: PMC10634209 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1278828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective To determine sex differences in the neurochemical concentrations measured by in vivo proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H MRS) of healthy mice on a genetic background commonly used for neurodegenerative disease models. Methods 1H MRS data collected from wild type mice with C57BL/6 or related genetic backgrounds in seven prior studies were used in this retrospective analysis. To be included, data had to be collected at 9.4 tesla magnetic field using advanced 1H MRS protocols, with isoflurane anesthesia and similar animal handling protocols, and a similar number of datasets from male and female mice had to be available for the brain regions analyzed. Overall, 155 spectra from female mice and 166 spectra from male mice (321 in total), collected from six brain regions (brainstem, cerebellum, cortex, hippocampus, hypothalamus, and striatum) at various ages were included. Results Concentrations of taurine, total creatine (creatine + phosphocreatine), ascorbate, glucose and glutamate were consistently higher in male vs. female mice in most brain regions. Striatum was an exception with similar total creatine in male and female mice. The sex difference pattern in the hypothalamus was notably different from other regions. Interaction between sex and age was significant for total creatine and taurine in the cerebellum and hippocampus. Conclusion Sex differences in regional neurochemical levels are small but significant and age-dependent, with consistent male-female differences across most brain regions. The neuroendocrine region hypothalamus displays a different pattern of sex differences in neurochemical levels. Differences in energy metabolism and cellular density may underlie the differences, with higher metabolic rates in females and higher osmoregulatory and antioxidant capacity in males.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Tkáč
- Center for Magnetic Resonance Research, Department of Radiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Tiankai Xie
- Division of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Nitya Shah
- Division of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Sarah Larson
- Center for Magnetic Resonance Research, Department of Radiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Janet M. Dubinsky
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Rocio Gomez-Pastor
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | | | - Harry T. Orr
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Lynn E. Eberly
- Center for Magnetic Resonance Research, Department of Radiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
- Division of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Gülin Öz
- Center for Magnetic Resonance Research, Department of Radiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
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23
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Lares-Gutiérrez DA, Galván-Valencia M, Flores-Baza IJ, Lazalde-Ramos BP. Benefits of Chronic Administration of a Carbohydrate-Free Diet on Biochemical and Morphometric Parameters in a Rat Model of Diet-Induced Metabolic Syndrome. Metabolites 2023; 13:1085. [PMID: 37887410 PMCID: PMC10609360 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13101085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Carbohydrate intake restriction positively affects markers related to metabolic syndrome (MS). However, the effects of long-term carbohydrate-free diets (CFD) have yet to be studied. The main objective of this study was to report the effects on biochemical and morphometric parameters in a rat model of MS. Male Wistar rats were initially divided into two groups: the standard diet group (SD, n = 20); and the MS group (n = 30) fed a high-glucose diet. Ten animals from each group were sacrificed after 20 weeks on their respective diets to verify MS development. The remaining MS animals were divided into two subgroups: one continued with the MS diet (n = 10); and the other transitioned to a carbohydrate-free diet (MS + CFD group, n = 10) for 20 more weeks. At week 40, parameters, including glucose, insulin, lipid profile, ketone bodies, C-reactive protein (CRP), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), urea, creatinine, liver and muscle glycogen, and serum, hepatic, renal, and pancreatic malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were assessed. Transitioning to CFD resulted in decreased caloric intake and body weight, with normalized parameters including MDA, insulin, lipid profile, ALT, liver glycogen, creatinine, and CRP levels. This shift effectively reversed the MS-induced alterations, except for glycemia and uremia, likely influenced by the diet's high protein content stimulating gluconeogenesis. This research underscores the potential benefits of long-term carbohydrate restriction in mitigating MS-related markers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Blanca Patricia Lazalde-Ramos
- Maestría en Ciencia y Tecnología Química, Unidad Académica de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de Zacatecas, Zacatecas 98000, Mexico; (D.A.L.-G.); (M.G.-V.); (I.J.F.-B.)
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24
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Ho TC, Wan HT, Lee WK, Lam TKY, Lin X, Chan TF, Lai KP, Wong CKC. Effects of In Utero PFOS Exposure on Epigenetics and Metabolism in Mouse Fetal Livers. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023; 57:14892-14903. [PMID: 37759171 PMCID: PMC10569047 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c05207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Revised: 09/16/2023] [Accepted: 09/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
Prenatal exposure to perfluorooctanesulfonate (PFOS) increases fetus' metabolic risk; however, the investigation of the underlying mechanism is limited. In this study, pregnant mice in the gestational days (GD, 4.5-17.5) were exposed to PFOS (0.3 and 3 μg/g of body weight). At GD 17.5, PFOS perturbed maternal lipid metabolism and upregulated metabolism-regulating hepatokines (Angptl4, Angptl8, and Selenop). Mass-spectrometry imaging and whole-genome bisulfite sequencing revealed, respectively, selective PFOS localization and deregulation of gene methylation in fetal livers, involved in inflammation, glucose, and fatty acid metabolism. PCR and Western blot analysis of lipid-laden fetal livers showed activation of AMPK signaling, accompanied by significant increases in the expression of glucose transporters (Glut2/4), hexose-phosphate sensors (Retsat and ChREBP), and the key glycolytic enzyme, pyruvate kinase (Pk) for glucose catabolism. Additionally, PFOS modulated the expression levels of PPARα and PPARγ downstream target genes, which simultaneously stimulated fatty acid oxidation (Cyp4a14, Acot, and Acox) and lipogenesis (Srebp1c, Acaca, and Fasn). Using human normal hepatocyte (MIHA) cells, the underlying mechanism of PFOS-elicited nuclear translocation of ChREBP, associated with a fatty acid synthesizing pathway, was revealed. Our finding implies that in utero PFOS exposure altered the epigenetic landscape associated with dysregulation of fetal liver metabolism, predisposing postnatal susceptibility to metabolic challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsz Chun Ho
- Croucher
Institute for Environmental Sciences, Department of Biology, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong SAR, China
- State
Key Laboratory in Environmental and Biological Analysis, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Hin Ting Wan
- Croucher
Institute for Environmental Sciences, Department of Biology, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Wang Ka Lee
- Croucher
Institute for Environmental Sciences, Department of Biology, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Thomas Ka Yam Lam
- State
Key Laboratory in Environmental and Biological Analysis, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Xiao Lin
- Department
of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine
at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029, United States
| | - Ting Fung Chan
- School
of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, Bioinformatics
Centre, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, New Territories 999077, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Keng Po Lai
- Key
Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Integrative Omics, Education
Department of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541100, China
| | - Chris Kong Chu Wong
- Croucher
Institute for Environmental Sciences, Department of Biology, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong SAR, China
- State
Key Laboratory in Environmental and Biological Analysis, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong SAR, China
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25
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Peng X, Rao G, Li X, Tong N, Tian Y, Fu X. Preclinical models for Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus - A practical approach for research. Int J Med Sci 2023; 20:1644-1661. [PMID: 37859703 PMCID: PMC10583179 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.86566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Numerous preclinical models have been developed to advance biomedical research in type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). They are essential for improving our knowledge of T1DM development and progression, allowing researchers to identify potential therapeutic targets and evaluate the effectiveness of new medications. A deeper comprehension of these models themselves is critical not only to determine the optimal strategies for their utilization but also to fully unlock their potential applications in both basic and translational research. Here, we will comprehensively summarize and discuss the applications, advantages, and limitations of the commonly used animal models for human T1DM and also overview the up-to-date human tissue bioengineering models for the investigation of T1DM. By combining these models with a better understanding of the pathophysiology of T1DM, we can enhance our insights into disease initiation and development, ultimately leading to improved therapeutic responses and outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Xianghui Fu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Center for Diabetes Metabolism Research, Cancer Center West China Hospital, West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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26
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Wiese CB, Avetisyan R, Reue K. The impact of chromosomal sex on cardiometabolic health and disease. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2023; 34:652-665. [PMID: 37598068 PMCID: PMC11090013 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2023.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/21/2023]
Abstract
Many aspects of metabolism are sex-biased, from gene expression in metabolic tissues to the prevalence and presentation of cardiometabolic diseases. The influence of hormones produced by male and female gonads has been widely documented, but recent studies have begun to elucidate the impact of genetic sex (XX or XY chromosomes) on cellular and organismal metabolism. XX and XY cells have differential gene dosage conferred by specific genes that escape X chromosome inactivation or the presence of Y chromosome genes that are absent from XX cells. Studies in mouse models that dissociate chromosomal and gonadal sex have uncovered mechanisms for sex-biased epigenetic, transcriptional, and post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression in conditions such as obesity, atherosclerosis, pulmonary hypertension, autoimmune disease, and Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carrie B Wiese
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Rozeta Avetisyan
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Karen Reue
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
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27
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Moon S, Alsarkhi L, Lin TT, Inoue R, Tahiri A, Colson C, Cai W, Shirakawa J, Qian WJ, Zhao JY, El Ouaamari A. Transcriptome and secretome profiling of sensory neurons reveals sex differences in pathways relevant to insulin sensing and insulin secretion. FASEB J 2023; 37:e23185. [PMID: 37695721 PMCID: PMC10503313 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202300941r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023]
Abstract
Sensory neurons in the dorsal root ganglia (DRG) convey somatosensory and metabolic cues to the central nervous system and release substances from stimulated terminal endings in peripheral organs. Sex-biased variations driven by the sex chromosome complement (XX and XY) have been implicated in the sensory-islet crosstalk. However, the molecular underpinnings of these male-female differences are not known. Here, we aim to characterize the molecular repertoire and the secretome profile of the lower thoracic spinal sensory neurons and to identify molecules with sex-biased insulin sensing- and/or insulin secretion-modulating activity that are encoded independently of circulating gonadal sex hormones. We used transcriptomics and proteomics to uncover differentially expressed genes and secreted molecules in lower thoracic T5-12 DRG sensory neurons derived from sexually immature 3-week-old male and female C57BL/6J mice. Comparative transcriptome and proteome analyses revealed differential gene expression and protein secretion in DRG neurons in males and females. The transcriptome analysis identified, among others, higher insulin signaling/sensing capabilities in female DRG neurons; secretome screening uncovered several sex-specific candidate molecules with potential regulatory functions in pancreatic β cells. Together, these data suggest a putative role of sensory interoception of insulin in the DRG-islet crosstalk with implications in sensory feedback loops in the regulation of β-cell activity in a sex-biased manner. Finally, we provide a valuable resource of molecular and secretory targets that can be leveraged for understanding insulin interoception and insulin secretion and inform the development of novel studies/approaches to fathom the role of the sensory-islet axis in the regulation of energy balance in males and females.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sohyun Moon
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, New York Institute of Technology College of Osteopathic Medicine, Old Westbury, NY 11568, USA
| | - Lamyaa Alsarkhi
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY 01595, USA
| | - Tai-Tu Lin
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, 99352, USA
| | - Ryota Inoue
- Laboratory of Diabetes and Metabolic Disorders, Institute for Molecular and Cellular Regulation (IMCR), Gunma University, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Azeddine Tahiri
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY 01595, USA
| | - Cecilia Colson
- The Child Health Institute of New Jersey, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey. New Brunswick, NJ, 08901, USA
| | - Weikang Cai
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, New York Institute of Technology College of Osteopathic Medicine, Old Westbury, NY 11568, USA
| | - Jun Shirakawa
- Laboratory of Diabetes and Metabolic Disorders, Institute for Molecular and Cellular Regulation (IMCR), Gunma University, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Wei-Jun Qian
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, 99352, USA
| | - Jerry Yingtao Zhao
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, New York Institute of Technology College of Osteopathic Medicine, Old Westbury, NY 11568, USA
| | - Abdelfattah El Ouaamari
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY 01595, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY 01595, USA
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28
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Koszałka A, Lustyk K, Pytka K. Sex-dependent differences in animal cognition. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2023; 153:105374. [PMID: 37634555 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2023.105374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
The differences in cognitive processes driven by biological sex are the issues that have gotten growing attention recently. Considering the increasing population suffering from various cognitive impairments and the development of therapeutic strategies, it is essential that we recognize the mechanisms responsible for discrepancies observed in male and female learning and memory functions. In this review, we discuss recent reports from preclinical studies on rodents regarding selected cognitive domains to explore the state of knowledge on sex-dependent differences and point to challenges encountered during such research. We focus on spatial, recognition, and emotional memory, as well as on executive functions, such as attention, cognitive flexibility, and working memory. This review will help to acknowledge sex-related differences in cognition and indicate some fields that lack sufficient data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Koszałka
- Jagiellonian University Medical College, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacodynamics, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Krakow, Poland; Jagiellonian University Medical College, Doctoral School of Medical and Health Sciences, Św. Łazarza 16, 31-530 Krakow, Poland
| | - Klaudia Lustyk
- Jagiellonian University Medical College, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacodynamics, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Krakow, Poland
| | - Karolina Pytka
- Jagiellonian University Medical College, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacodynamics, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Krakow, Poland.
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29
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Nunamaker EA, Turner PV. Unmasking the Adverse Impacts of Sex Bias on Science and Research Animal Welfare. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:2792. [PMID: 37685056 PMCID: PMC10486396 DOI: 10.3390/ani13172792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Sex bias in biomedical and natural science research has been prevalent for decades. In many cases, the female estrous cycle was thought to be too complex an issue to model for, and it was thought to be simpler to only use males in studies. At times, particularly when studying efficacy and safety of new therapeutics, this sex bias has resulted in over- and under-medication with associated deleterious side effects in women. Many sex differences have been recognized that are unrelated to hormonal variation occurring during the estrous cycle. Sex bias also creates animal welfare challenges related to animal over-production and wastage, insufficient consideration of welfare (and scientific) impact related to differential housing of male vs female animals within research facilities, and a lack of understanding regarding differential requirements for pain recognition and alleviation in male versus female animals. Although many funding and government agencies require both sexes to be studied in biomedical research, many disparities remain in practice. This requires further enforcement of expectations by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee when reviewing protocols, research groups when writing grants, planning studies, and conducting research, and scientific journals and reviewers to ensure that sex bias policies are enforced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth A. Nunamaker
- Global Animal Welfare and Training, Charles River Laboratories, Wilmington, MA 01887, USA;
| | - Patricia V. Turner
- Global Animal Welfare and Training, Charles River Laboratories, Wilmington, MA 01887, USA;
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
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30
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Cha J, Aguayo-Mazzucato C, Thompson PJ. Pancreatic β-cell senescence in diabetes: mechanisms, markers and therapies. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1212716. [PMID: 37720527 PMCID: PMC10501801 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1212716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Cellular senescence is a response to a wide variety of stressors, including DNA damage, oncogene activation and physiologic aging, and pathologically accelerated senescence contributes to human disease, including diabetes mellitus. Indeed, recent work in this field has demonstrated a role for pancreatic β-cell senescence in the pathogenesis of Type 1 Diabetes, Type 2 Diabetes and monogenic diabetes. Small molecule or genetic targeting of senescent β-cells has shown promise as a novel therapeutic approach for preventing and treating diabetes. Despite these advances, major questions remain around the molecular mechanisms driving senescence in the β-cell, identification of molecular markers that distinguish senescent from non-senescent β-cell subpopulations, and translation of proof-of-concept therapies into novel treatments for diabetes in humans. Here, we summarize the current state of the field of β-cell senescence, highlighting insights from mouse models as well as studies on human islets and β-cells. We identify markers that have been used to detect β-cell senescence to unify future research efforts in this field. We discuss emerging concepts of the natural history of senescence in β-cells, heterogeneity of senescent β-cells subpopulations, role of sex differences in senescent responses, and the consequences of senescence on integrated islet function and microenvironment. As a young and developing field, there remain many open research questions which need to be addressed to move senescence-targeted approaches towards clinical investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeeyeon Cha
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| | | | - Peter J. Thompson
- Diabetes Research Envisioned and Accomplished in Manitoba Theme, Children’s Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
- Department of Physiology & Pathophysiology, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
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31
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Zhang Y, Barupal DK, Fan S, Gao B, Zhu C, Flenniken AM, McKerlie C, Nutter LMJ, Lloyd KCK, Fiehn O. Sexual Dimorphism of the Mouse Plasma Metabolome Is Associated with Phenotypes of 30 Gene Knockout Lines. Metabolites 2023; 13:947. [PMID: 37623890 PMCID: PMC10456929 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13080947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Although metabolic alterations are observed in many monogenic and complex genetic disorders, the impact of most mammalian genes on cellular metabolism remains unknown. Understanding the effect of mouse gene dysfunction on metabolism can inform the functions of their human orthologues. We investigated the effect of loss-of-function mutations in 30 unique gene knockout (KO) lines on plasma metabolites, including genes coding for structural proteins (11 of 30), metabolic pathway enzymes (12 of 30) and protein kinases (7 of 30). Steroids, bile acids, oxylipins, primary metabolites, biogenic amines and complex lipids were analyzed with dedicated mass spectrometry platforms, yielding 827 identified metabolites in male and female KO mice and wildtype (WT) controls. Twenty-two percent of 23,698 KO versus WT comparison tests showed significant genotype effects on plasma metabolites. Fifty-six percent of identified metabolites were significantly different between the sexes in WT mice. Many of these metabolites were also found to have sexually dimorphic changes in KO lines. We used plasma metabolites to complement phenotype information exemplified for Dhfr, Idh1, Mfap4, Nek2, Npc2, Phyh and Sra1. The association of plasma metabolites with IMPC phenotypes showed dramatic sexual dimorphism in wildtype mice. We demonstrate how to link metabolomics to genotypes and (disease) phenotypes. Sex must be considered as critical factor in the biological interpretation of gene functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhang
- West Coast Metabolomics Center, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Dinesh K. Barupal
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA;
| | - Sili Fan
- West Coast Metabolomics Center, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Bei Gao
- School of Marine Sciences, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Chao Zhu
- College of Medicine & Nursing, Dezhou University, Dezhou 253023, China
| | - Ann M. Flenniken
- The Centre for Phenogenomics, Toronto, ON M5T 3H7, Canada; (A.M.F.); (C.M.); (L.M.J.N.)
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON M5G 1X5, Canada
| | - Colin McKerlie
- The Centre for Phenogenomics, Toronto, ON M5T 3H7, Canada; (A.M.F.); (C.M.); (L.M.J.N.)
- The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada
| | - Lauryl M. J. Nutter
- The Centre for Phenogenomics, Toronto, ON M5T 3H7, Canada; (A.M.F.); (C.M.); (L.M.J.N.)
- The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada
| | - Kevin C. Kent Lloyd
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, and Mouse Biology Program, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA;
| | - Oliver Fiehn
- West Coast Metabolomics Center, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
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Astre G, Atlan T, Goshtchevsky U, Oron-Gottesman A, Smirnov M, Shapira K, Velan A, Deelen J, Levy T, Levanon EY, Harel I. Genetic perturbation of AMP biosynthesis extends lifespan and restores metabolic health in a naturally short-lived vertebrate. Dev Cell 2023; 58:1350-1364.e10. [PMID: 37321215 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2023.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
During aging, the loss of metabolic homeostasis drives a myriad of pathologies. A central regulator of cellular energy, the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), orchestrates organismal metabolism. However, direct genetic manipulations of the AMPK complex in mice have, so far, produced detrimental phenotypes. Here, as an alternative approach, we alter energy homeostasis by manipulating the upstream nucleotide pool. Using the turquoise killifish, we mutate APRT, a key enzyme in AMP biosynthesis, and extend the lifespan of heterozygous males. Next, we apply an integrated omics approach to show that metabolic functions are rejuvenated in old mutants, which also display a fasting-like metabolic profile and resistance to high-fat diet. At the cellular level, heterozygous cells exhibit enhanced nutrient sensitivity, reduced ATP levels, and AMPK activation. Finally, lifelong intermittent fasting abolishes the longevity benefits. Our findings suggest that perturbing AMP biosynthesis may modulate vertebrate lifespan and propose APRT as a promising target for promoting metabolic health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gwendoline Astre
- Department of Genetics, the Silberman Institute, the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Givat Ram, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
| | - Tehila Atlan
- Department of Genetics, the Silberman Institute, the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Givat Ram, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
| | - Uri Goshtchevsky
- Department of Genetics, the Silberman Institute, the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Givat Ram, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
| | - Adi Oron-Gottesman
- Department of Genetics, the Silberman Institute, the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Givat Ram, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
| | - Margarita Smirnov
- Central Fish Health Laboratory, Department of Fisheries and Aquaculture, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development, Nir David 10803, Israel
| | - Kobi Shapira
- Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan 52900, Israel
| | - Ariel Velan
- Department of Genetics, the Silberman Institute, the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Givat Ram, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
| | - Joris Deelen
- Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, Cologne 50931, Germany; Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Ageing-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne 50931, Germany
| | - Tomer Levy
- Department of Genetics, the Silberman Institute, the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Givat Ram, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
| | - Erez Y Levanon
- Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan 52900, Israel
| | - Itamar Harel
- Department of Genetics, the Silberman Institute, the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Givat Ram, Jerusalem 91904, Israel.
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33
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Reue K, Arnold AP. Inclusion of Sex as a Biological Variable in Biomedical Sciences at the Undergraduate Level and Beyond. J Womens Health (Larchmt) 2023; 32:891-896. [PMID: 37585516 PMCID: PMC10457603 DOI: 10.1089/jwh.2022.0533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/18/2023] Open
Abstract
To improve research on women's health, and to achieve better understanding of the factors controlling disease across diverse populations of humans, it is imperative to study sex differences in physiology and disease. After the introduction of the "SABV policy" at NIH, which requires investigators using animals or humans to consider sex as a biological factor, it became clear that many investigators were unaware of concepts of sexual differentiation or methods that can be used to study sex as a biological variable (SABV). To remedy this situation, efforts have increased to teach concepts and methods of SABV at all educational levels. The UCLA Scientific Center of Research Excellence (SCORE) grant "Sex differences in the metabolic syndrome" promotes education about SABV through three primary mechanisms: (1) through didactic course content for students at the undergraduate level, (2) by providing pilot funding for early career investigators to study the role of sex in metabolism-related areas, and (3) through curation of a video library, which may be useful for investigators performing research at the graduate, postgraduate, and faculty levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Reue
- Departments of Human Genetics and Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Arthur P. Arnold
- Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology, Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
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Martier AT, Maurice YV, Conrad KM, Mauvais-Jarvis F, Mondrinos MJ. Sex-specific actions of estradiol and testosterone on human fibroblast and endothelial cell proliferation, bioenergetics, and vasculogenesis. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.07.23.550236. [PMID: 37546849 PMCID: PMC10402012 DOI: 10.1101/2023.07.23.550236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
Progress toward the development of sex-specific tissue engineered systems has been hampered by the lack of research efforts to define the effects of sex-specific hormone concentrations on relevant human cell types. Here, we investigated the effects of defined concentrations of estradiol (E2) and dihydrotestosterone (DHT) on primary human dermal and lung fibroblasts (HDF and HLF), and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) from female (XX) and male (XY) donors in both 2D expansion cultures and 3D stromal vascular tissues. Sex-matched E2 and DHT stimulation in 2D expansion cultures significantly increased the proliferation index, mitochondrial membrane potential, and the expression of genes associated with bioenergetics (Na+/K+ ATPase, somatic cytochrome C) and beneficial stress responses (chaperonin) in all cell types tested. Notably, cross sex hormone stimulation, i.e., DHT treatment of XX cells in the absence of E2 and E2 stimulation of XY cells in the absence of DHT, decreased bioenergetic capacity and inhibited cell proliferation. We used a microengineered 3D vasculogenesis assay to assess hormone effects on tissue scale morphogenesis. E2 increased metrics of vascular network complexity compared to vehicle in XX tissues. Conversely, and in line with results from 2D expansion cultures, E2 potently inhibited vasculogenesis compared to vehicle in XY tissues. DHT did not significantly alter vasculogenesis in XX or XY tissues but increased the number of non-participating endothelial cells in both sexes. This study establishes a scientific rationale and adaptable methods for using sex hormone stimulation to develop sex-specific culture systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley T. Martier
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tulane University School of Science & Engineering, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Yasmin V. Maurice
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tulane University School of Science & Engineering, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - K. Michael Conrad
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tulane University School of Science & Engineering, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Franck Mauvais-Jarvis
- Tulane Center for Excellence in Sex-based Biology and Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
- Section of Endocrinology, Deming Department of Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
- Southeast Louisiana VA Medical Center, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Mark J. Mondrinos
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tulane University School of Science & Engineering, New Orleans, LA, USA
- Tulane Center for Excellence in Sex-based Biology and Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
- Department of Physiology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
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35
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Duregon E, Fernandez ME, Martinez Romero J, Di Germanio C, Cabassa M, Voloshchuk R, Ehrlich-Mora MR, Moats JM, Wong S, Bosompra O, Rudderow A, Morrell CH, Camandola S, Price NL, Aon MA, Bernier M, de Cabo R. Prolonged fasting times reap greater geroprotective effects when combined with caloric restriction in adult female mice. Cell Metab 2023; 35:1179-1194.e5. [PMID: 37437544 PMCID: PMC10369303 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2023.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023]
Abstract
Emerging new evidence highlights the importance of prolonged daily fasting periods for the health and survival benefits of calorie restriction (CR) and time-restricted feeding (TRF) in male mice; however, little is known about the impact of these feeding regimens in females. We placed 14-month-old female mice on five different dietary regimens, either CR or TRF with different feeding windows, and determined the effects of these regimens on physiological responses, progression of neoplasms and inflammatory diseases, serum metabolite levels, and lifespan. Compared with TRF feeding, CR elicited a robust systemic response, as it relates to energetics and healthspan metrics, a unique serum metabolomics signature in overnight fasted animals, and was associated with an increase in lifespan. These results indicate that daytime (rest-phase) feeding with prolonged fasting periods initiated late in life confer greater benefits when combined with imposed lower energy intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleonora Duregon
- Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Maria Emilia Fernandez
- Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Jorge Martinez Romero
- Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA; Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Clara Di Germanio
- Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Meaghan Cabassa
- Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Romaniya Voloshchuk
- Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Margaux R Ehrlich-Mora
- Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Jacqueline M Moats
- Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Sarah Wong
- Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Oye Bosompra
- Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Annamaria Rudderow
- Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Christopher H Morrell
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Science, National Institute on Aging, NIH, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Simonetta Camandola
- Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Nathan L Price
- Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Miguel A Aon
- Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA; Laboratory of Cardiovascular Science, National Institute on Aging, NIH, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Michel Bernier
- Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Rafael de Cabo
- Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA.
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36
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Wang S, Guo J, Liu X, Tian W, Zhang Y, Wang Y, Liu Y, E M, Fang S. Sexual dimorphism in mitochondrial dysfunction and diabetes mellitus: evidence from a population-based cohort study. Diabetol Metab Syndr 2023; 15:114. [PMID: 37264434 DOI: 10.1186/s13098-023-01090-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pathophysiological mechanisms underlying sex-based differences in diabetes remain poorly understood. Mitochondrial metabolite methylmalonic acid (MMA) accumulation reflects mitochondrial dysfunction which is involved in sex-specific pathophysiological responses biologically. We aimed to investigate the sex-specific associations between mortality risk and MMA in adults with the presence or absence of type 2 diabetes. METHODS This cohort study included 24,164 adults (12,123 females and 12,041 males) from the NHANES study during 1999-2014. Both sexes were separately categorized as those with no diabetes, prediabetes, undiagnosed diabetes, and diagnosed diabetes. Circulating MMA level was measured at baseline by mass-spectrometric detection. Mortality status was ascertained from baseline until December 31, 2015. RESULTS During a median follow-up of 11.1 years, 3375 deaths were documented. Males had a particularly higher mortality than females in adults with diagnosed diabetes compared to differences in those with no diabetes, prediabetes and undiagnosed diabetes (sex differences in mortality rate per 1000 person-years across diabetic status: 0.62, 1.44, 5.78, and 9.77, p < 0.001). Notably, the sex-specific difference in associations between MMA and mortality was significant only in adults with diagnosed diabetes (p for interaction = 0.028), not in adults with no diabetes and prediabetes. Adjusted HRs (95%CIs) per doubling of MMA for all-cause mortality were 1.19 (1.04-1.37) in females with diagnosed diabetes versus 1.58 (1.36-1.86) in male counterparts. In addition, MMA levels had an insignificant or weak correlation with sex hormone profiles at baseline, regardless of diabetes status and sex. CONCLUSIONS Sex difference in mortality risk was especially significant in diagnosed type 2 diabetes. Increasing equivalent exposure to mitochondrial metabolite MMA was associated with a greater excess risk of future mortality in males with diabetes than in females.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanjie Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150000, China
- The Key Laboratory of Myocardial Ischemia, Chinese Ministry of Education, Harbin, 150000, China
| | - JunChen Guo
- Department of Cardiology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150000, China
- The Key Laboratory of Myocardial Ischemia, Chinese Ministry of Education, Harbin, 150000, China
| | - Xiaoxuan Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150000, China
- The Key Laboratory of Myocardial Ischemia, Chinese Ministry of Education, Harbin, 150000, China
| | - Wei Tian
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Jiamusi University, 154000, Jiamusi, China
| | - Yiying Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Ye Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150000, China
- The Key Laboratory of Myocardial Ischemia, Chinese Ministry of Education, Harbin, 150000, China
| | - Yige Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150000, China
- The Key Laboratory of Myocardial Ischemia, Chinese Ministry of Education, Harbin, 150000, China
| | - Mingyan E
- Department of Thoracic Radiotherapy, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, Nangang District, China.
| | - Shaohong Fang
- Department of Cardiology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150000, China.
- The Key Laboratory of Myocardial Ischemia, Chinese Ministry of Education, Harbin, 150000, China.
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Guo Y, Liu L, Cheng Y, Li H, Wan X, Ma J, Liu J, Liang W, Zhang P, Chen J, Cao X, Guan H, Xiao H, Li Y. Steroidogenic factor 1 protects mice from obesity-induced glucose intolerance via improving glucose-stimulated insulin secretion by beta cells. iScience 2023; 26:106451. [PMID: 37020955 PMCID: PMC10068556 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.106451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Revised: 02/12/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023] Open
Abstract
As a potential druggable nuclear receptor, steroidogenic factor 1 (SF1) regulates obesity and insulin resistance in the ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus. Herein, we sought to demonstrate its expression and functions in islets in the development of obesity-induced diabetes. SF1 was barely detected in the beta cells of lean mice but highly expressed in those of non-diabetic obese mice, while decreased in diabetic ones. Conditional deletion of SF1 in beta cells predisposed diet-induced obese (DIO) mice to glucose intolerance by perturbing glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS). Consistently, forced expression of SF1 restored favorable glucose homeostasis in DIO and db/db mice by improving GSIS. In isolated islets and MIN6, overexpression of SF1 also potentiated GSIS, mediated by improvement of mitochondrial ATP production. The underlying mechanisms may involve oxidative phosphorylation and lipid metabolism. Collectively, SF1 in beta cell preserves GSIS to promote beta-cell adaptation to obesity and hence is a potential therapeutic target for obesity-induced diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Guo
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China
| | - Liehua Liu
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China
| | - Yanglei Cheng
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China
| | - Hai Li
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China
| | - Xuesi Wan
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China
| | - Jiajing Ma
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China
| | - Juan Liu
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China
| | - Weiwei Liang
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China
| | - Pengyuan Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China
| | - Jie Chen
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China
| | - Xiaopei Cao
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China
| | - Hongyu Guan
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China
- Corresponding author
| | - Haipeng Xiao
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China
- Corresponding author
| | - Yanbing Li
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China
- Corresponding author
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38
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Temkin SM, Barr E, Moore H, Caviston JP, Regensteiner JG, Clayton JA. Chronic conditions in women: the development of a National Institutes of health framework. BMC Womens Health 2023; 23:162. [PMID: 37024841 PMCID: PMC10077654 DOI: 10.1186/s12905-023-02319-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Rising rates of chronic conditions were cited as one of the key public health concerns in the Fiscal Year (FY) 2021 U.S. Senate and House of Representatives appropriations bills, where a review of current National Institutes of Health (NIH) portfolios relevant to research on women's health was requested. Chronic conditions were last defined by the US Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) in 2010. However, existing definitions of chronic conditions do not incorporate sex or gender considerations. Sex and gender influence health, yet significant knowledge gaps exist in the evidence-base for prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of chronic diseases amongst women. The presentation, prevalence, and long-term effects of chronic conditions and multimorbidity differs in women from men. A clinical framework was developed to adequately assess the NIH investment in research related to chronic conditions in women. The public health needs and NIH investment related to conditions included in the framework were measured. By available measures, research within the NIH has not mapped to the burden of chronic conditions among women. Clinical research questions and endpoints centered around women can be developed and implemented; clinical trials networks with expanded or extended eligibility criteria can be created; and data science could be used to extrapolate the effects of overlapping or multiple morbidities on the health of women. Aligning NIH research priorities to address the specific needs of women with chronic diseases is critical to addressing women's health needs from a life course perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah M Temkin
- Office of Research On Women's Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
| | - Elizabeth Barr
- Office of Research On Women's Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Holly Moore
- National Institute On Drug Abuse National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Juliane P Caviston
- Office of Research On Women's Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Judith G Regensteiner
- Department of Medicine, Ludeman Family Center for Women's Health Research, University of Colorado Anschutz School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Janine A Clayton
- Office of Research On Women's Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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Lamontagne-Kam DM, Davari S, Aristizabal-Henao JJ, Cho S, Chalil D, Mielke JG, Stark KD. Sex differences in hippocampal-dependent memory and the hippocampal lipidome in adolescent rats raised on diets with or without DHA. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2023; 192:102569. [PMID: 36966673 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2023.102569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
Abstract
Recent studies suggest the effects of DHA supplementation on human memory may differ between females and males during infancy, adolescence, and early adulthood, but the underlying mechanisms are not clear. As a result, this study sought to examine the spatial memory and brain lipidomic profiles in female and male adolescent rats with or without a DHA-enriched diet that began perinatally with the supplementation of dams. Spatial learning and memory were examined in adolescent rats using the Morris Water Maze beginning at 6 weeks of age and animals were sacrificed at 7 weeks of age to permit isolation of brain tissue and blood samples. Behavioral testing showed that there was a significant diet x sex interaction for two key measures of spatial memory (distance to zone and time spent in the correct quadrant during the probe test), with female rats benefiting the most from DHA supplementation. Lipidomic analyses suggest levels of arachidonic acid (ARA) and n-6 docosapentaenoic acid (DPA) containing phospholipid species were lower in the hippocampus of DHA supplemented compared with control animals, and principal component analyses revealed a potential dietary treatment effect for hippocampal PUFA. Females fed DHA had slightly more PE P-18:0_22:6 and maintained levels of PE 18:0_20:4 in the hippocampus in contrast with males fed DHA. Understanding how DHA supplementation during the perinatal and adolescent periods changes cognitive function in a sex-specific manner has important implications for determining the dietary requirements of DHA. This study adds to previous work highlighting the importance of DHA for spatial memory and provides evidence that further research needs to consider how DHA supplementation can cause sex-specific changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel M Lamontagne-Kam
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Sciences, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, ON, N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Saeideh Davari
- School of Public Health Sciences, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue, Waterloo, ON, N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Juan J Aristizabal-Henao
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Sciences, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, ON, N2L 3G1, Canada; BPGbio Inc., 500 Old Connecticut Path Building B, Framingham, MA, 01701, USA
| | - Seungjae Cho
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Sciences, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, ON, N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Dan Chalil
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Sciences, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, ON, N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - John G Mielke
- School of Public Health Sciences, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue, Waterloo, ON, N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Ken D Stark
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Sciences, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, ON, N2L 3G1, Canada.
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40
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Lutz TA. Mammalian models of diabetes mellitus, with a focus on type 2 diabetes mellitus. Nat Rev Endocrinol 2023; 19:350-360. [PMID: 36941447 DOI: 10.1038/s41574-023-00818-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023]
Abstract
Although no single animal model replicates all aspects of diabetes mellitus in humans, animal models are essential for the study of energy balance and metabolism control as well as to investigate the reasons for their imbalance that could eventually lead to overt metabolic diseases such as type 2 diabetes mellitus. The most frequently used animal models in diabetes mellitus research are small rodents that harbour spontaneous genetic mutations or that can be manipulated genetically or by other means to influence their nutrient metabolism and nutrient handling. Non-rodent species, including pigs, cats and dogs, are also useful models in diabetes mellitus research. This Review will outline the advantages and disadvantages of selected animal models of diabetes mellitus to build a basis for their most appropriate use in biomedical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas A Lutz
- Institute of Veterinary Physiology, Vetsuisse Faculty University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
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41
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Martin-Grau M, Monleon D. Sex dimorphism and metabolic profiles in management of metabolic-associated fatty liver disease. World J Clin Cases 2023; 11:1236-1244. [PMID: 36926130 PMCID: PMC10013124 DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v11.i6.1236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolic-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) refers to the build-up of fat in the liver associated with metabolic dysfunction and has been estimated to affect a quarter of the population worldwide. Although metabolism is highly influenced by the effects of sex hormones, studies of sex differences in the incidence and progression of MAFLD are scarce. Metabolomics represents a powerful approach to studying these differences and identifying potential biomarkers and putative mechanisms. First, metabolomics makes it possible to obtain the molecular phenotype of the individual at a given time. Second, metabolomics may be a helpful tool for classifying patients according to the severity of the disease and obtaining diagnostic biomarkers. Some studies demonstrate associations between circulating metabolites and early and established MAFLD, but little is known about how metabolites relate to and encompass sex differences in disease progression and risk management. In this review, we will discuss the epidemiological metabolomic studies for sex differences in the development and progression of MAFLD, the role of metabolic profiles in understanding mechanisms and identifying sex-dependent biomarkers, and how this evidence may help in the future management of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Martin-Grau
- Department of Pathology, University of Valencia, Valencia 46010, Spain
| | - Daniel Monleon
- Department of Pathology, University of Valencia, Valencia 46010, Spain
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42
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Jack BU, Ramharack P, Malherbe C, Gabuza K, Joubert E, Pheiffer C. Cyclopia intermedia (Honeybush) Induces Uncoupling Protein 1 and Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Alpha Expression in Obese Diabetic Female db/db Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24043868. [PMID: 36835279 PMCID: PMC9964215 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Previously, we reported that a crude polyphenol-enriched fraction of Cyclopia intermedia (CPEF), a plant consumed as the herbal tea, commonly known as honeybush, reduced lipid content in 3T3-L1 adipocytes and inhibited body weight gain in obese, diabetic female leptin receptor-deficient (db/db) mice. In the current study, the mechanisms underlying decreased body weight gain in db/db mice were further elucidated using western blot analysis and in silico approaches. CPEF induced uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1, 3.4-fold, p < 0.05) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARα, 2.6-fold, p < 0.05) expression in brown adipose tissue. In the liver, CPEF induced PPARα expression (2.2-fold, p < 0.05), which was accompanied by a 31.9% decrease in fat droplets in Hematoxylin and Eosin (H&E)-stained liver sections (p < 0.001). Molecular docking analysis revealed that the CPEF compounds, hesperidin and neoponcirin, had the highest binding affinities for UCP1 and PPARα, respectively. This was validated with stabilising intermolecular interactions within the active sites of UCP1 and PPARα when complexed with these compounds. This study suggests that CPEF may exert its anti-obesity effects by promoting thermogenesis and fatty acid oxidation via inducing UCP1 and PPARα expression, and that hesperidin and neoponcirin may be responsible for these effects. Findings from this study could pave the way for designing target-specific anti-obesity therapeutics from C. intermedia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Babalwa Unice Jack
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Platform, South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town 7505, South Africa
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +27-219-380336
| | - Pritika Ramharack
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Platform, South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town 7505, South Africa
- Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus, Durban 4001, South Africa
| | - Christiaan Malherbe
- Plant Bioactives Group, Post-Harvest and Agro-Processing Technologies, Agricultural Research Council (ARC), Infruitec-Nietvoorbij, Stellenbosch 7599, South Africa
| | - Kwazi Gabuza
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Platform, South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town 7505, South Africa
| | - Elizabeth Joubert
- Plant Bioactives Group, Post-Harvest and Agro-Processing Technologies, Agricultural Research Council (ARC), Infruitec-Nietvoorbij, Stellenbosch 7599, South Africa
- Department of Food Science, University of Stellenbosch, Stellenbosch 7602, South Africa
| | - Carmen Pheiffer
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Platform, South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town 7505, South Africa
- Centre for Cardio-Metabolic Research in Africa (CARMA), Division of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Stellenbosch, Cape Town 7505, South Africa
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0001, South Africa
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Fu L, Adu-Amankwaah J, Sang L, Tang Z, Gong Z, Zhang X, Li T, Sun H. Gender differences in GRK2 in cardiovascular diseases and its interactions with estrogen. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2023; 324:C505-C516. [PMID: 36622065 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00407.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptor kinase 2 (GRK2) is a multifunctional protein involved in regulating G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) and non-GPCR signaling in the body. In the cardiovascular system, increased expression of GRK2 has been implicated in the occurrence and development of several cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Recent studies have found gender differences in GRK2 in the cardiovascular system under physiological and pathological conditions, where GRK2's expression and activity are increased in males than in females. The incidence of CVDs in premenopausal women is lower than in men of the same age, which is related to estrogen levels. Given the shared location of GRK2 and estrogen receptors, estrogen may interact with GRK2 by modulating vital molecules such as calmodulin (CaM), caveolin, RhoA, nitrate oxide (NO), and mouse double minute 2 homolog (Mdm2), via signaling pathways mediated by estrogen's genomic (ERα and ERβ), and non-genomic (GPER) receptors, conferring cardiovascular protection in females. Highlighting the gender differences in GRK2 and understanding its interaction with estrogen in the cardiovascular system is pertinent in treating gender-related CVDs. As a result, this article explores the gender differences of GRK2 in the cardiovascular system and its relationship with estrogen during disease conditions. Estrogen's protective and therapeutic effects and its mechanism on GRK2-related cardiovascular diseases have also been discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Fu
- Department of Physiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Joseph Adu-Amankwaah
- Department of Physiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Lili Sang
- Department of Physiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, People's Republic of China.,National Demonstration Center for Experimental Basic Medical Science Education, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Ziqing Tang
- Department of Physiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Zheng Gong
- Department of Physiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, People's Republic of China.,School of Public Affairs & Governance, Silliman University, Dumaguete, Philippines
| | - Xiaoyan Zhang
- Department of Physiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Li
- Department of Physiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong Sun
- Department of Physiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, People's Republic of China
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Effects of a High-Fat Diet on Intestinal and Gonadal Metabolism in Female and Male Sea Cucumber Apostichopus japonicus. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:biology12020212. [PMID: 36829488 PMCID: PMC9953091 DOI: 10.3390/biology12020212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Parental nutrient reserves are directly related to reproductive performance in sea cucumbers. This study focused on the lipid requirements of male and female sea cucumbers Apostichopus japonicus during the reproductive stage and analyzed their physiological responses to a high-fat diet (HFD). The intestinal lipid metabolites and microbiome profile changed significantly in animals fed with the HFD, as given by an upregulation of metabolites related to lipid metabolism and an increase in the predominance of Proteobacteria in the microbiome, respectively. The metabolic responses of male and female sea cucumbers to the HFD differed, which in turn could have triggered sex-related differences in the intestinal microbiome. These results suggest that the lipid content in diets can be differentially adjusted for male and female sea cucumbers to improve nutrition and promote reproduction. This data contributes to a better understanding of the reproductive biology and sex differences of sea cucumbers.
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45
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Guo X, Su F, Gao Y, Tang L, Yu X, Zi J, Zhou Y, Wang H, Xue J, Wang X. Effects of dietary restriction on genome stability are sex and feeding regimen dependent. Food Funct 2023; 14:471-488. [PMID: 36519635 DOI: 10.1039/d2fo03138h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Preserving genome stability is essential to prevent aging and cancer. Dietary restriction (DR) is the most reproducible non-pharmacological way to improve health and extend lifespan in various species. Whether DR helps to preserve genome stability and whether this effect is altered by experimental variables remain unclear. Moreover, DR research relies heavily on experimental animals, making the development of reliable in vitro mimetics of great interest. Therefore, we tested the effects of sex and feeding regimen (time-restricted eating, alternate day fasting and calorie restriction) on genome stability in CF-1 mice and whether these effects can be recapitulated by cell culture paradigms. Here, we show that calorie restriction significantly decreases the spontaneous micronuclei (MN), a biomarker of genome instability, in bone marrow cells of females instead of males. Alternate day fasting significantly decreases cisplatin-induced MN in females instead of males. Unexpectedly, daily time-restricted eating significantly exacerbates cisplatin-induced MN in males but not in females. Additionally, we design several culture paradigms that are able to faithfully recapitulate the key effects of these DR regimens on genome stability. In particular, 30% reduction of serum, a mimetic of calorie restriction, exhibits a strong ability to decrease spontaneous and cisplatin-induced MN in immortalized human umbilical vein endothelial cells. We conclude that the effects of different DR regimens on genome stability are not universal and females from each diet regimen sustain a more stable genome than males. Our results provide novel insight into the understanding of how DR influences genome stability in a sex and regimen dependent way, and suggest that our in vitro DR mimetics could be adopted to study the underlying molecular mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xihan Guo
- School of Life Sciences and The Engineering Research Center of Sustainable Development and Utilization of Biomass Energy, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming 650500, Yunnan, China. .,Yunnan Environmental Mutagen Society, Kunming 650500, Yunnan, China
| | - Fuping Su
- School of Life Sciences and The Engineering Research Center of Sustainable Development and Utilization of Biomass Energy, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming 650500, Yunnan, China.
| | - Yue Gao
- School of Life Sciences and The Engineering Research Center of Sustainable Development and Utilization of Biomass Energy, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming 650500, Yunnan, China.
| | - Liyan Tang
- School of Life Sciences and The Engineering Research Center of Sustainable Development and Utilization of Biomass Energy, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming 650500, Yunnan, China.
| | - Xixi Yu
- School of Life Sciences and The Engineering Research Center of Sustainable Development and Utilization of Biomass Energy, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming 650500, Yunnan, China.
| | - Jiangli Zi
- School of Life Sciences and The Engineering Research Center of Sustainable Development and Utilization of Biomass Energy, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming 650500, Yunnan, China.
| | - Yingshui Zhou
- School of Life Sciences and The Engineering Research Center of Sustainable Development and Utilization of Biomass Energy, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming 650500, Yunnan, China.
| | - Han Wang
- School of Life Sciences and The Engineering Research Center of Sustainable Development and Utilization of Biomass Energy, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming 650500, Yunnan, China. .,Yunnan Environmental Mutagen Society, Kunming 650500, Yunnan, China
| | - Jinglun Xue
- Yeda Institute of Gene and Cell Therapy, Taizhou 318000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xu Wang
- School of Life Sciences and The Engineering Research Center of Sustainable Development and Utilization of Biomass Energy, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming 650500, Yunnan, China. .,Yunnan Environmental Mutagen Society, Kunming 650500, Yunnan, China.,Yeda Institute of Gene and Cell Therapy, Taizhou 318000, Zhejiang, China
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46
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Arioglu-Inan E, Kayki-Mutlu G. Sex Differences in Glucose Homeostasis. Handb Exp Pharmacol 2023; 282:219-239. [PMID: 37439847 DOI: 10.1007/164_2023_664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/14/2023]
Abstract
Sexual dimorphism has been demonstrated to have an effect on various physiological functions. In this regard, researchers have investigated its impact on glucose homeostasis in both preclinical and clinical studies. Sex differences mainly arise from physiological factors such as sex hormones, body fat and muscle distribution, and sex chromosomes. The sexual dimorphism has also been studied in the context of diabetes. Reflecting the prevalence of the disease among the population, studies focusing on the sex difference in type 1 diabetes (T1D) are not common as the ones in type 2 diabetes (T2D). T1D is reported as the only major specific autoimmune disease that exhibits a male predominance. Clinical studies have demonstrated that impaired fasting glucose is more frequent in men whereas women more commonly exhibit impaired glucose tolerance. Understanding the sex difference in glucose homeostasis becomes more attractive when focusing on the findings that highlight sexual dimorphism on the efficacy or adverse effect profile of antidiabetic medications. Thus, in this chapter, we aimed to discuss the impact of sex on the glucose homeostasis both in health and in diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ebru Arioglu-Inan
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Gizem Kayki-Mutlu
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
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47
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Campesi I, Ruoppolo M, Franconi F, Caterino M, Costanzo M. Sex-Gender-Based Differences in Metabolic Diseases. Handb Exp Pharmacol 2023; 282:241-257. [PMID: 37528324 DOI: 10.1007/164_2023_683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/03/2023]
Abstract
Sexual dimorphism creates different biological and cellular activities and selective regulation mechanisms in males and females, thus generating differential responses in health and disease. In this scenario, the sex itself is a source of physiologic metabolic disparities that depend on constitutive genetic and epigenetic features that characterize in a specific manner one sex or the other. This has as a direct consequence a huge impact on the metabolic routes that drive the phenotype of an individual. The impact of sex is being clearly recognized also in disease, whereas male and females are more prone to the development of some disorders, or have selective responses to drugs and therapeutic treatments. Actually, very less is known regarding the probable differences guided by sex in the context of inherited metabolic disorders, owing to the scarce consideration of sex in such restricted field, accompanied by an intrinsic bias connected with the rarity of such diseases. Metabolomics technologies have been ultimately developed and adopted for being excellent tools for the investigation of metabolic mechanisms, for marker discovery or monitoring, and for supporting diagnostic procedures of metabolic disorders. Hence, metabolomic approaches can excellently embrace the discovery of sex differences, especially when associated to the outcome or the management of certain inborn errors of the metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Campesi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
- Laboratory of Sex-Gender Medicine, National Institute of Biostructures and Biosystems, Sassari, Italy
| | - Margherita Ruoppolo
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
- CEINGE - Biotecnologie Avanzate Franco Salvatore s.c.ar.l., Naples, Italy
| | - Flavia Franconi
- Laboratory of Sex-Gender Medicine, National Institute of Biostructures and Biosystems, Sassari, Italy
| | - Marianna Caterino
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
- CEINGE - Biotecnologie Avanzate Franco Salvatore s.c.ar.l., Naples, Italy
| | - Michele Costanzo
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.
- CEINGE - Biotecnologie Avanzate Franco Salvatore s.c.ar.l., Naples, Italy.
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48
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Sex- and Age-Dependent Changes in the Adiponectin/Leptin Ratio in Experimental Diet-Induced Obesity in Mice. Nutrients 2022; 15:nu15010073. [PMID: 36615734 PMCID: PMC9823624 DOI: 10.3390/nu15010073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Biological sex and aging impact obesity development and type 2 diabetes, changing the secretion of leptin and adiponectin. The balance between these factors has been propounded as a reliable biomarker of adipose tissue dysfunction. Our proposal was to study sexual differences and aging on the adiponectin/leptin (Adpn/Lep) ratio in order to acquire a broader view of the impact of consuming an high-fat diet (HFD) on energy metabolism according to sex and age. Male and female C57BL/6J mice were fed a normal chow diet or an HFD for 12 or 32 weeks (n = 7−10 per group) and evolution of body weight, food intake and metabolic profile were registered. The HFD triggered an increase in body weight (p < 0.001), body weight gain (p < 0.01) and adiposity index (p < 0.01) in both sexes at 32 weeks of age, but female mice fed the HFD exhibited these changes to a significantly lower extent than males. Aged female mice showed an increase (p < 0.01) in the Adpn/Lep ratio, which was negatively correlated with body weight gain, changes in different fat depots and insulin resistance. Females were more metabolically protected from obesity development and its related comorbidities than males regardless of age, making the Adpn/Lep ratio a relevant factor for body composition and glucose metabolism.
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Angelini G, Castagneto-Gissey L, Salinari S, Bertuzzi A, Anello D, Pradhan M, Zschätzsch M, Ritter P, Le Roux CW, Rubino F, Basso N, Casella G, Bornstein SR, Tremaroli V, Mingrone G. Upper gut heat shock proteins HSP70 and GRP78 promote insulin resistance, hyperglycemia, and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis. Nat Commun 2022; 13:7715. [PMID: 36513656 PMCID: PMC9748124 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-35310-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
A high-fat diet increases the risk of insulin resistance, type-2 diabetes, and non-alcoholic steato-hepatitis. Here we identified two heat-shock proteins, Heat-Shock-Protein70 and Glucose-Regulated Protein78, which are increased in the jejunum of rats on a high-fat diet. We demonstrated a causal link between these proteins and hepatic and whole-body insulin-resistance, as well as the metabolic response to bariatric/metabolic surgery. Long-term continuous infusion of Heat-Shock-Protein70 and Glucose-Regulated Protein78 caused insulin-resistance, hyperglycemia, and non-alcoholic steato-hepatitis in rats on a chow diet, while in rats on a high-fat diet continuous infusion of monoclonal antibodies reversed these phenotypes, mimicking metabolic surgery. Infusion of these proteins or their antibodies was also associated with shifts in fecal microbiota composition. Serum levels of Heat-Shock-Protein70 and Glucose-Regulated Protein78were elevated in patients with non-alcoholic steato-hepatitis, but decreased following metabolic surgery. Understanding the intestinal regulation of metabolism may provide options to reverse metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Angelini
- grid.8142.f0000 0001 0941 3192Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy ,grid.414603.4Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Serenella Salinari
- grid.7841.aDepartment of Computer, Control, and Management Engineering “Antonio Ruberti”, University of Rome “Sapienza”, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandro Bertuzzi
- grid.419461.f0000 0004 1760 8338CNR-Institute of Systems Analysis and Computer Science (IASI), Rome, Italy
| | - Danila Anello
- grid.8142.f0000 0001 0941 3192Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Meenakshi Pradhan
- grid.8761.80000 0000 9919 9582Wallenberg Laboratory for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research, Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Marlen Zschätzsch
- grid.4488.00000 0001 2111 7257Institute of Natural Materials Technology, Faculty of Mechanical Science and Engineering, Technischen Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany ,Biotopa gGmbH, Dresden, Germany
| | | | - Carel W. Le Roux
- grid.7886.10000 0001 0768 2743Diabetes Complications Research Centre, Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Francesco Rubino
- grid.46699.340000 0004 0391 9020Bariatric and Metabolic Surgery; King’s College Hospital, London, UK
| | - Nicola Basso
- grid.7841.aDepartment of Surgical Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Giovanni Casella
- grid.7841.aDepartment of Surgical Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Stefan R. Bornstein
- grid.412282.f0000 0001 1091 2917Department of Medicine III, Universitätsklinikum Carl Gustav Carus an der Technischen Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany ,grid.13097.3c0000 0001 2322 6764Division of Diabetes & Nutritional Sciences, School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine & Sciences, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Valentina Tremaroli
- grid.8761.80000 0000 9919 9582Wallenberg Laboratory for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research, Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Geltrude Mingrone
- grid.8142.f0000 0001 0941 3192Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy ,grid.414603.4Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy ,grid.13097.3c0000 0001 2322 6764Division of Diabetes & Nutritional Sciences, School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine & Sciences, King’s College London, London, UK
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Wilson LAB, Zajitschek SRK, Lagisz M, Mason J, Haselimashhadi H, Nakagawa S. Sex differences in allometry for phenotypic traits in mice indicate that females are not scaled males. Nat Commun 2022; 13:7502. [PMID: 36509767 PMCID: PMC9744842 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-35266-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Sex differences in the lifetime risk and expression of disease are well-known. Preclinical research targeted at improving treatment, increasing health span, and reducing the financial burden of health care, has mostly been conducted on male animals and cells. The extent to which sex differences in phenotypic traits are explained by sex differences in body weight remains unclear. We quantify sex differences in the allometric relationship between trait value and body weight for 363 phenotypic traits in male and female mice, recorded in >2 million measurements from the International Mouse Phenotyping Consortium. We find sex differences in allometric parameters (slope, intercept, residual SD) are common (73% traits). Body weight differences do not explain all sex differences in trait values but scaling by weight may be useful for some traits. Our results show sex differences in phenotypic traits are trait-specific, promoting case-specific approaches to drug dosage scaled by body weight in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura A. B. Wilson
- grid.1005.40000 0004 4902 0432Evolution & Ecology Research Centre, UNSW Data Science Hub, and School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052 Australia ,grid.1001.00000 0001 2180 7477School of Archaeology and Anthropology, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2600 Australia
| | - Susanne R. K. Zajitschek
- grid.1005.40000 0004 4902 0432Evolution & Ecology Research Centre, UNSW Data Science Hub, and School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052 Australia ,grid.4425.70000 0004 0368 0654School of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Byrom Street, Liverpool, L3 3AF UK
| | - Malgorzata Lagisz
- grid.1005.40000 0004 4902 0432Evolution & Ecology Research Centre, UNSW Data Science Hub, and School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052 Australia
| | - Jeremy Mason
- Melio Healthcare Ltd., City Tower, 40 Basinghall Street, London, EC2V 5DE UK ,European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI), Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire CB10 1SD UK
| | - Hamed Haselimashhadi
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI), Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire CB10 1SD UK
| | - Shinichi Nakagawa
- grid.1005.40000 0004 4902 0432Evolution & Ecology Research Centre, UNSW Data Science Hub, and School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052 Australia
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