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Zolotarev VA, Murovets VO, Novikova NS, Ermolenko EI, Sepp AL, Khropycheva RP. Effect of Hafnia alvei on Morphophysiologic Parameters and Gut Microbiota of Mice with Inherited Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Bull Exp Biol Med 2024:10.1007/s10517-024-06180-2. [PMID: 39126543 DOI: 10.1007/s10517-024-06180-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2024]
Abstract
Inbred mouse strains KK.Cg-a/a and KK.Cg-Ay/a known as genetic models of type 2 diabetes mellitus significantly surpassed the control strain C57BL/6J in the body weight, relative weight of extractable fat, and basal blood glucose levels. Real-timePCR of fecal samples from KK.Cg-a/a and KK.Cg-Ay/a mice revealed dysbiosis typical of type 2 diabetes mellitus in humans and animals. Long-term intragastric administration of a suspension of Hafnia alvei bacteria had no effect on the above morphometric and biochemical parameters. At the same time, recovery of the Bacteroides spp. population in KK.Cg-Ay/a mice and a decrease in the number of Bifidobacterium spp. in KK.Cg-a/a mice were observed. The possibility of therapeutic use of the probiotic based on H. alvei is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- V A Zolotarev
- Pavlov Institute of Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia.
| | - V O Murovets
- Pavlov Institute of Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - N S Novikova
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - E I Ermolenko
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - A L Sepp
- Pavlov Institute of Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - R P Khropycheva
- Pavlov Institute of Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia
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2
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Zhang Y, Wang X, Lin J, Liu J, Wang K, Nie Q, Ye C, Sun L, Ma Y, Qu R, Mao Y, Zhang X, Lu H, Xia P, Zhao D, Wang G, Zhang Z, Fu W, Jiang C, Pang Y. A microbial metabolite inhibits the HIF-2α-ceramide pathway to mediate the beneficial effects of time-restricted feeding on MASH. Cell Metab 2024; 36:1823-1838.e6. [PMID: 39079531 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2024.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 07/05/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024]
Abstract
Time-restricted feeding (TRF) is a potent dietary intervention for improving metabolic diseases, including metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease/metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASLD/MASH). However, the mechanism of this efficacy has remained elusive. Here, we show that TRF improves MASLD, which is associated with a significant enrichment of Ruminococcus torques (R. torques). Mechanistically, R. torques suppresses the intestinal HIF-2α-ceramide pathway via the production of 2-hydroxy-4-methylpentanoic acid (HMP). We identify rtMor as a 4-methyl-2-oxopentanoate reductase that synthesizes HMP in R. torques. Finally, we show that either the colonization of R. torques or oral HMP supplementation can ameliorate inflammation and fibrosis in a MASH mouse model. These findings identify R. torques and HMP as potential TRF mimetics for the treatment of metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Cancer Center, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China; Center of Basic Medical Research, Institute of Medical Innovation and Research, Third Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Xuemei Wang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Vascular Homeostasis and Remodeling, Peking University, Beijing, China; Center for Obesity and Metabolic Disease Research, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Jun Lin
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Vascular Homeostasis and Remodeling, Peking University, Beijing, China; Center for Obesity and Metabolic Disease Research, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China; Department of Endocrinology, Capital Medical University Chaoyang Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jia Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, Capital Medical University Chaoyang Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Kai Wang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Vascular Homeostasis and Remodeling, Peking University, Beijing, China; Center for Obesity and Metabolic Disease Research, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Qixing Nie
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Vascular Homeostasis and Remodeling, Peking University, Beijing, China; Center for Obesity and Metabolic Disease Research, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Chuan Ye
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Vascular Homeostasis and Remodeling, Peking University, Beijing, China; Center for Obesity and Metabolic Disease Research, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Lulu Sun
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China; State Key Laboratory of Female Fertility Preservation, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yanpeng Ma
- Department of General Surgery, Cancer Center, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China; Center of Basic Medical Research, Institute of Medical Innovation and Research, Third Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Ruize Qu
- Department of General Surgery, Cancer Center, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China; Center of Basic Medical Research, Institute of Medical Innovation and Research, Third Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuejian Mao
- Mengniu Institute of Nutrition Science, Shanghai, China
| | - Xuguang Zhang
- Mengniu Institute of Nutrition Science, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Hua Lu
- National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Pengyan Xia
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Dongyu Zhao
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Vascular Homeostasis and Remodeling, Peking University, Beijing, China; Department of Biomedical Informatics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Guang Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Capital Medical University Chaoyang Hospital, Beijing, China.
| | - Zhipeng Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Cancer Center, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China; Center of Basic Medical Research, Institute of Medical Innovation and Research, Third Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, China.
| | - Wei Fu
- Department of General Surgery, Cancer Center, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China; Center of Basic Medical Research, Institute of Medical Innovation and Research, Third Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, China.
| | - Changtao Jiang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Vascular Homeostasis and Remodeling, Peking University, Beijing, China; Center for Obesity and Metabolic Disease Research, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China; Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Female Fertility Promotion, Peking University, Beijing, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Peking University, Beijing, China.
| | - Yanli Pang
- State Key Laboratory of Female Fertility Preservation, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China; National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China.
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3
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Li CP, Chen CC, Hsiao Y, Kao CH, Chen CC, Yang HJ, Tsai RY. The Role of Lactobacillus plantarum in Reducing Obesity and Inflammation: A Meta-Analysis. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:7608. [PMID: 39062848 PMCID: PMC11276845 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25147608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2024] [Revised: 07/01/2024] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Recent research has underscored the efficacy of Lactobacillus plantarum (L. plantarum) in managing obesity among healthy adults. This meta-analysis reviewed randomized controlled trials (RCTs) from major databases up to May 2024, focusing on the effects of L. plantarum on body weight, body mass index (BMI), and metabolic parameters. This study has been registered in PROSPERO (number: CRD 42024531611). The analysis of nine studies revealed significant weight reduction and BMI decreases with L. plantarum supplementation compared to a placebo. Notably, using more than two strains together enhanced these effects. Improvements were also observed in abdominal fat and inflammatory markers such as interleukin-6 (IL-6) and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP). This meta-analysis synthesizes evidence from nine RCTs to test the hypothesis that L. plantarum supplementation effectively reduces body weight and BMI in healthy adults compared to a placebo. However, variations in study designs, probiotic strains, and intervention durations call for more robust trials to confirm these benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen-Pi Li
- Department of Nursing, Tung’s Taichung MetroHarbor Hospital, Taichung 43503, Taiwan;
- Department of Public Healthy, College of Health Care and Management, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan;
| | - Chin-Chang Chen
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan;
- Department of Medical Education, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40201, Taiwan
| | - Yao Hsiao
- School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan; (Y.H.); (C.-H.K.)
| | - Chieh-Hsin Kao
- School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan; (Y.H.); (C.-H.K.)
| | | | - Hao-Jan Yang
- Department of Public Healthy, College of Health Care and Management, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan;
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40201, Taiwan
| | - Ru-Yin Tsai
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan;
- Department of Medical Education, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40201, Taiwan
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Byndloss M, Devkota S, Duca F, Niess JH, Nieuwdorp M, Orho-Melander M, Sanz Y, Tremaroli V, Zhao L. The gut microbiota and diabetes: research, translation, and clinical applications - 2023 Diabetes, Diabetes Care, and Diabetologia Expert Forum. Diabetologia 2024:10.1007/s00125-024-06198-1. [PMID: 38910152 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-024-06198-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024]
Abstract
This article summarises the state of the science on the role of the gut microbiota (GM) in diabetes from a recent international expert forum organised by Diabetes, Diabetes Care, and Diabetologia, which was held at the European Association for the Study of Diabetes 2023 Annual Meeting in Hamburg, Germany. Forum participants included clinicians and basic scientists who are leading investigators in the field of the intestinal microbiome and metabolism. Their conclusions were as follows: (1) the GM may be involved in the pathophysiology of type 2 diabetes, as microbially produced metabolites associate both positively and negatively with the disease, and mechanistic links of GM functions (e.g. genes for butyrate production) with glucose metabolism have recently emerged through the use of Mendelian randomisation in humans; (2) the highly individualised nature of the GM poses a major research obstacle, and large cohorts and a deep-sequencing metagenomic approach are required for robust assessments of associations and causation; (3) because single time point sampling misses intraindividual GM dynamics, future studies with repeated measures within individuals are needed; and (4) much future research will be required to determine the applicability of this expanding knowledge to diabetes diagnosis and treatment, and novel technologies and improved computational tools will be important to achieve this goal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Byndloss
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Suzanne Devkota
- Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Human Microbiome Research Institute, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | - Jan Hendrik Niess
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Digestive Healthcare Center, Clarunis, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Max Nieuwdorp
- Department of Internal and Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Amsterdam Diabeter Center, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Marju Orho-Melander
- Department of Clinical Sciences in Malmö, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Yolanda Sanz
- Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology, Spanish National Research Council (IATA-CSIC), Valencia, Spain.
| | - Valentina Tremaroli
- Wallenberg Laboratory, Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Liping Zhao
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, School of Environmental and Biological Sciences, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
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5
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Wang X, Zhou S, Hu X, Ye C, Nie Q, Wang K, Yan S, Lin J, Xu F, Li M, Wu Q, Sun L, Liu B, Zhang Y, Yun C, Wang X, Liu H, Yin WB, Zhao D, Hang J, Zhang S, Jiang C, Pang Y. Candida albicans accelerates atherosclerosis by activating intestinal hypoxia-inducible factor2α signaling. Cell Host Microbe 2024; 32:964-979.e7. [PMID: 38754418 DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2024.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2023] [Revised: 03/17/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
The gut microbiota is closely linked to atherosclerosis. However, the role of intestinal fungi, essential members of the complex microbial community, in atherosclerosis is poorly understood. Herein, we show that gut fungi dysbiosis is implicated in patients with dyslipidemia, characterized by higher levels of Candida albicans (C. albicans), which are positively correlated with plasma total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) levels. Furthermore, C. albicans colonization aggravates atherosclerosis progression in a mouse model of the disease. Through gain- and loss-of-function studies, we show that an intestinal hypoxia-inducible factor 2α (HIF-2α)-ceramide pathway mediates the effect of C. albicans. Mechanistically, formyl-methionine, a metabolite of C. albicans, activates intestinal HIF-2α signaling, which drives increased ceramide synthesis to accelerate atherosclerosis. Administration of the HIF-2α selective antagonist PT2385 alleviates atherosclerosis in mice by reducing ceramide levels. Our findings identify a role for intestinal fungi in atherosclerosis progression and highlight the intestinal HIF-2α-ceramide pathway as a target for atherosclerosis treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuemei Wang
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Medicine Innovation Center for Fundamental Research on Major Immunology-related Diseases, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China; State Key Laboratory of Vascular Homeostasis and Remodeling, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; Center for Obesity and Metabolic Disease Research, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Shuang Zhou
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Medicine Innovation Center for Fundamental Research on Major Immunology-related Diseases, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China; State Key Laboratory of Vascular Homeostasis and Remodeling, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; Center for Obesity and Metabolic Disease Research, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Xiaomin Hu
- Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Chuan Ye
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Medicine Innovation Center for Fundamental Research on Major Immunology-related Diseases, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China; State Key Laboratory of Vascular Homeostasis and Remodeling, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; Center for Obesity and Metabolic Disease Research, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Qixing Nie
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Medicine Innovation Center for Fundamental Research on Major Immunology-related Diseases, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China; State Key Laboratory of Vascular Homeostasis and Remodeling, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; Center for Obesity and Metabolic Disease Research, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Kai Wang
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Medicine Innovation Center for Fundamental Research on Major Immunology-related Diseases, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China; State Key Laboratory of Vascular Homeostasis and Remodeling, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; Center for Obesity and Metabolic Disease Research, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Sen Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Female Fertility Promotion, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China; National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Jun Lin
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Medicine Innovation Center for Fundamental Research on Major Immunology-related Diseases, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China; State Key Laboratory of Vascular Homeostasis and Remodeling, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; Center for Obesity and Metabolic Disease Research, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Feng Xu
- Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacometrics, Janssen China Research & Development, Beijing, China
| | - Meng Li
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Medicine Innovation Center for Fundamental Research on Major Immunology-related Diseases, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China; State Key Laboratory of Vascular Homeostasis and Remodeling, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; Center for Obesity and Metabolic Disease Research, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Qing Wu
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center & Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Lulu Sun
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China; State Key Laboratory of Female Fertility Promotion, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Bo Liu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China; State Key Laboratory of Vascular Homeostasis and Remodeling, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; Center for Obesity and Metabolic Disease Research, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Cancer Center, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China; Center of Basic Medical Research, Institute of Medical Innovation and Research, Third Hospital, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Chuyu Yun
- State Key Laboratory of Female Fertility Promotion, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China; National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Xian Wang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China; State Key Laboratory of Vascular Homeostasis and Remodeling, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; Center for Obesity and Metabolic Disease Research, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Huiying Liu
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Medicine Innovation Center for Fundamental Research on Major Immunology-related Diseases, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China; State Key Laboratory of Vascular Homeostasis and Remodeling, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; Center for Obesity and Metabolic Disease Research, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Wen-Bing Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Dongyu Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Vascular Homeostasis and Remodeling, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; Department of Biomedical Informatics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Jing Hang
- State Key Laboratory of Female Fertility Promotion, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China; National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China.
| | - Shuyang Zhang
- Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China.
| | - Changtao Jiang
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Medicine Innovation Center for Fundamental Research on Major Immunology-related Diseases, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China; State Key Laboratory of Vascular Homeostasis and Remodeling, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; Center for Obesity and Metabolic Disease Research, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; Center of Basic Medical Research, Institute of Medical Innovation and Research, Third Hospital, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China.
| | - Yanli Pang
- State Key Laboratory of Female Fertility Promotion, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China; National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China.
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Zhang W, Jiang Y, Ni Z, Zhou M, Liu L, Li X, Su S, Wang C. Identification of Copy Number Variations and Selection Signatures in Wannan Spotted Pigs by Whole Genome Sequencing Data: A Preliminary Study. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:1419. [PMID: 38791637 PMCID: PMC11117326 DOI: 10.3390/ani14101419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2024] [Revised: 05/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Copy number variation (CNV) is an important structural variation used to elucidate complex economic traits. In this study, we sequenced 25 Wannan spotted pigs (WSPs) to detect their CNVs and identify their selection signatures compared with those of 10 Asian wild boars. A total of 14,161 CNVs were detected in the WSPs, accounting for 0.72% of the porcine genome. The fixation index (Fst) was used to identify the selection signatures, and 195 CNVs with the top 1% of the Fst value were selected. Eighty genes were identified in the selected CNV regions. Functional GO and KEGG analyses revealed that the genes within these selected CNVs are associated with key traits such as reproduction (GAL3ST1 and SETD2), fatty acid composition (PRKG1, ACACA, ACSL3, UGT8), immune system (LYZ), ear size (WIF1), and feed efficiency (VIPR2). The findings of this study contribute novel insights into the genetic CNVs underlying WSP characteristics and provide essential information for the protection and utilization of WSP populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhang
- Anhui Provincial Breeding Pig Genetic Evaluation Center, Key Laboratory of Pig Molecular Quantitative Genetics of Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Product Safety Engineering, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei 230031, China; (W.Z.); (M.Z.); (L.L.); (X.L.)
| | - Yao Jiang
- National Animal Husbandry Service, Beijing 100125, China;
| | - Zelan Ni
- Anhui Provincial Livestock and Poultry Genetic Resources Conservation Center, Hefei 231283, China;
| | - Mei Zhou
- Anhui Provincial Breeding Pig Genetic Evaluation Center, Key Laboratory of Pig Molecular Quantitative Genetics of Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Product Safety Engineering, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei 230031, China; (W.Z.); (M.Z.); (L.L.); (X.L.)
| | - Linqing Liu
- Anhui Provincial Breeding Pig Genetic Evaluation Center, Key Laboratory of Pig Molecular Quantitative Genetics of Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Product Safety Engineering, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei 230031, China; (W.Z.); (M.Z.); (L.L.); (X.L.)
| | - Xiaoyu Li
- Anhui Provincial Breeding Pig Genetic Evaluation Center, Key Laboratory of Pig Molecular Quantitative Genetics of Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Product Safety Engineering, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei 230031, China; (W.Z.); (M.Z.); (L.L.); (X.L.)
| | - Shiguang Su
- Anhui Provincial Breeding Pig Genetic Evaluation Center, Key Laboratory of Pig Molecular Quantitative Genetics of Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Product Safety Engineering, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei 230031, China; (W.Z.); (M.Z.); (L.L.); (X.L.)
| | - Chonglong Wang
- Anhui Provincial Breeding Pig Genetic Evaluation Center, Key Laboratory of Pig Molecular Quantitative Genetics of Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Product Safety Engineering, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei 230031, China; (W.Z.); (M.Z.); (L.L.); (X.L.)
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7
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Wang W, Wang P, Zhu L, Liu B, Wei Q, Hou Y, Li X, Hu Y, Li W, Wang Y, Jiang C, Yang G, Wang J. An optimized fluorescent biosensor for monitoring long-chain fatty acyl-CoAs metabolism in vivo. Biosens Bioelectron 2024; 247:115935. [PMID: 38128319 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2023.115935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Long-chain fatty acyl-CoAs (LCACoAs) are intermediates in lipid metabolism that exert a wide range of cellular functions. However, our knowledge about the subcellular distribution and regulatory impacts of LCACoAs is limited by a lack of methods for detecting LCACoAs in living cells and tissues. Here, we report our development of LACSerHR, a genetically encoded fluorescent biosensor that enables precise measurement of subtle fluctuations in the levels of endogenous LCACoAs in vivo. LACSerHR significantly improve the fluorescent brightness and analyte affinity, in vitro and in vivo testing showcased LACSerHR's large dynamic range. We demonstrate LACSerHR's capacity for real-time evaluation of LCACoA levels in specific subcellular compartments, for example in response to disruption of ACSL enzyme function in HEK293T cells. Moreover, we show the application of LACSerHR for sensitive measurement of elevated LCACoA levels in the livers of mouse models for two common metabolic diseases (NAFLD and type 2 diabetes). Thus, our LACSerHR sensor is a powerful, broadly applicable tool for studying LCACoAs metabolism and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weibo Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs Department of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Peking University, Beijing, 100191, PR China; National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, International Joint Research Center for Intelligent Biosensor Technology and Health, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, 430079, PR China
| | - Pengcheng Wang
- Center of Basic Medical Research, Institute of Medical Innovation and Research, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100191, PR China
| | - Lixin Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs Department of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Peking University, Beijing, 100191, PR China
| | - Bingjie Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs Department of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Peking University, Beijing, 100191, PR China
| | - Qingpeng Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs Department of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Peking University, Beijing, 100191, PR China
| | - Yongkang Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs Department of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Peking University, Beijing, 100191, PR China
| | - Xi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs Department of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Peking University, Beijing, 100191, PR China
| | - Yufei Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs Department of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Peking University, Beijing, 100191, PR China
| | - Wenzhe Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs Department of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Peking University, Beijing, 100191, PR China
| | - Yuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs Department of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Peking University, Beijing, 100191, PR China
| | - Changtao Jiang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Vascular Homeostasis and Remodeling, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, PR China
| | - Guangfu Yang
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, International Joint Research Center for Intelligent Biosensor Technology and Health, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, 430079, PR China.
| | - Jing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs Department of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Peking University, Beijing, 100191, PR China.
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8
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Li RJW, Barros DR, Kuah R, Lim YM, Gao A, Beaudry JL, Zhang SY, Lam TKT. Small intestinal CaSR-dependent and CaSR-independent protein sensing regulates feeding and glucose tolerance in rats. Nat Metab 2024; 6:39-49. [PMID: 38167726 DOI: 10.1038/s42255-023-00942-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Proteins activate small intestinal calcium sensing receptor (CaSR) and/or peptide transporter 1 (PepT1) to increase hormone secretion1-8, but the effect of small intestinal protein sensing and the mechanistic potential of CaSR and/or PepT1 in feeding and glucose regulation remain inconclusive. Here we show that, in male rats, CaSR in the upper small intestine is required for casein infusion to increase glucose tolerance and GLP1 and GIP secretion, which was also dependent on PepT1 (ref. 9). PepT1, but not CaSR, is required for casein infusion to lower feeding. Upper small intestine casein sensing fails to regulate feeding, but not glucose tolerance, in high-fat-fed rats with decreased PepT1 but increased CaSR expression. In the ileum, a CaSR-dependent but PepT1-independent pathway is required for casein infusion to lower feeding and increase glucose tolerance in chow-fed rats, in parallel with increased PYY and GLP1 release, respectively. High fat decreases ileal CaSR expression and disrupts casein sensing on feeding but not on glucose control, suggesting an ileal CaSR-independent, glucose-regulatory pathway. In summary, we discover small intestinal CaSR- and PepT1-dependent and -independent protein sensing mechanisms that regulate gut hormone release, feeding and glucose tolerance. Our findings highlight the potential of targeting small intestinal CaSR and/or PepT1 to regulate feeding and glucose tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa J W Li
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, UHN, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Daniel R Barros
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, UHN, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Rachel Kuah
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, UHN, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Yu-Mi Lim
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, UHN, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Medical Research Institute, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Anna Gao
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, UHN, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jacqueline L Beaudry
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Song-Yang Zhang
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, UHN, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Tony K T Lam
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, UHN, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
- Banting and Best Diabetes Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
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9
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Steinbach E, Masi D, Ribeiro A, Serradas P, Le Roy T, Clément K. Upper small intestine microbiome in obesity and related metabolic disorders: A new field of investigation. Metabolism 2024; 150:155712. [PMID: 37884078 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2023.155712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2023] [Revised: 10/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
The study of the gut microbiome holds great promise for understanding and treating metabolic diseases, as its functions and derived metabolites can influence the metabolic status of the host. While research on the fecal microbiome has provided valuable insights, it tells us only part of the story. This limitation arises from the substantial variations in microorganism distribution throughout the gastrointestinal tract due to changes in physicochemical conditions. Thus, relying solely on the fecal microbiome may not be sufficient to draw comprehensive conclusions about metabolic diseases. The proximal part of the small intestine, particularly the jejunum, indeed, serves as the crucial site for digestion and absorption of nutrients, suggesting a potential role of its microbiome in metabolic regulation. Unfortunately, it remains relatively underexplored due to limited accessibility. This review presents current evidence regarding the relationships between the microbiome in the upper small intestine and various phenotypes, focusing on obesity and type 2 diabetes, in both humans and rodents. Research on humans is still limited with variability in the population and methods used. Accordingly, to better understand the role of the whole gut microbiome in metabolic diseases, studies exploring the human microbiome in different niches are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilie Steinbach
- Sorbonne Université, Inserm, Nutrition and Obesities: Systemic Approaches (NutriOmics) Research Unit, 75013, Paris, France
| | - Davide Masi
- Sorbonne Université, Inserm, Nutrition and Obesities: Systemic Approaches (NutriOmics) Research Unit, 75013, Paris, France; Sapienza University of Rome, Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Medical Physiopathology, Food Science and Endocrinology, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Agnès Ribeiro
- Sorbonne Université, Inserm, Nutrition and Obesities: Systemic Approaches (NutriOmics) Research Unit, 75013, Paris, France
| | - Patricia Serradas
- Sorbonne Université, Inserm, Nutrition and Obesities: Systemic Approaches (NutriOmics) Research Unit, 75013, Paris, France
| | - Tiphaine Le Roy
- Sorbonne Université, Inserm, Nutrition and Obesities: Systemic Approaches (NutriOmics) Research Unit, 75013, Paris, France
| | - Karine Clément
- Sorbonne Université, Inserm, Nutrition and Obesities: Systemic Approaches (NutriOmics) Research Unit, 75013, Paris, France; Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Nutrition Department, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, 75013 Paris, France.
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10
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Ding N, Wang W, Teng J, Zeng Y, Zhang Q, Dong L, Tang H. miR-26a-5p Regulates Adipocyte Differentiation via Directly Targeting ACSL3 in Adipocytes. Adipocyte 2023; 12:1-10. [PMID: 36710425 PMCID: PMC9891161 DOI: 10.1080/21623945.2023.2166345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Preadipocytes become mature adipocytes after proliferation and differentiation, and although many genes and microRNAs have been identified in intramuscular fat, their physiological function and regulatory mechanisms remain largely unexplored. miR-26a-5p has been reported to be related to fat deposition, but its effect on porcine preadipocyte differentiation has not been explored. In this study, bioinformatics analysis and luciferase reporter assay identified that miR-26a-5p binds to the 3'UTR of Acyl-CoA synthetase long-chain family member 3 (ACSL3) mRNA. The model for porcine intramuscular preadipocyte differentiation was established to explore the function of miR-6a-5p-ACSL3 on adipocyte differentiation. ACSL3 knockdown markedly reduced the triglycerides (TG) content of cells, as well as the mRNA levels of adipogenic marker genes (PPAR-γ and SREBP-1c). The number of lipid droplets in cells transfected with a miR-26a-5p mimic is significantly reduced, consistent with ACSL3 knockdown results, while the miR-26a-5p inhibitor resulted in opposite results. Taken together, miR-26a-5p is a repressor of porcine preadipocyte differentiation and plays a vital role in ACSL3-mediated adipogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Ding
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, College of Animal Science & Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong Province, China,Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Non-grain Feed Resources (Co-construction by Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China
| | - Wenwen Wang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, College of Animal Science & Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong Province, China,Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Non-grain Feed Resources (Co-construction by Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China
| | - Jun Teng
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, College of Animal Science & Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong Province, China,Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Non-grain Feed Resources (Co-construction by Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China
| | - Yongqing Zeng
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, College of Animal Science & Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong Province, China,Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Non-grain Feed Resources (Co-construction by Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China
| | - Qin Zhang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, College of Animal Science & Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong Province, China,Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Non-grain Feed Resources (Co-construction by Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China
| | - Licai Dong
- Shandong Futong Agriculture & Animal Husbandry Development Co. LTD, Linyi, China
| | - Hui Tang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, College of Animal Science & Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong Province, China,Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Non-grain Feed Resources (Co-construction by Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China,CONTACT Hui Tang No. 61, Daizong Street, Tai’an City, Shandong Province, 271018, China
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11
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Chen S, Zhang Y. Mechanism and application of Lactobacillus in type 2 diabetes-associated periodontitis. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1248518. [PMID: 38098816 PMCID: PMC10720667 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1248518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) accelerates the progression of periodontitis through diverse pathways. Abnormal immune responses, excessive activation of inflammation, increased levels of advanced glycation end products, and oxidative stress have defined roles in the pathophysiological process of T2DM-associated periodontitis. Furthermore, in the periodontium of diabetic individuals, there are high levels of advanced glycation end-products and glucose. Meanwhile, progress in microbiomics has revealed that dysbacteriosis caused by T2DM also contributes to the progression of periodontitis. Lactobacillus, owing to its fine-tuning function in the local microbiota, has sparked tremendous interest in this field. Accumulating research on Lactobacillus has detailed its beneficial role in both diabetes and oral diseases. In this study, we summarize the newly discovered mechanisms underlying Lactobacillus-mediated improvement of T2DM-associated periodontitis and propose the application of Lactobacillus in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sisi Chen
- Chongqing Three Gorges Medical College, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yuhan Zhang
- Chongqing Three Gorges Medical College, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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12
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Zhao T, Zheng H, Xu JJ, Xu YC, Liu LL, Luo Z. MnO 2 nanoparticles and MnSO 4 differentially affected hepatic lipid metabolism through miR-92a/acsl3-dependent de novo lipogenesis in yellow catfish Pelteobagrusfulvidraco. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 336:122416. [PMID: 37598932 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.122416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 08/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
With the increasing production and use of MnO2 NPs and MnSO4 in various fields, their discharge into the aquatic environment is inevitable, which poses potential threats to aquatic organisms and humans. However, to date, few studies have been conducted to investigate the potential mechanism of the toxicity of MnO2 NPs, and a comprehensive understanding of the differences between this mechanism and the toxicity mechanism of inorganic Mn (MnSO4) is still lacking. Since lipid metabolism-relevant parameters have been widely recognized as novel biomarkers for risk assessment of environmental contaminants, the present study investigated the differential mechanisms of how MnO2 NPs and MnSO4 affect hepatic lipid metabolism in a freshwater fish yellow catfish. Compared to MnSO4, dietary MnO2 NPs caused liver injury, increased hepatic lipid accumulation and induced lipotoxicity, and up-regulated mRNA expression of de novo lipogenic genes. Moreover, MnO2 NPs downregulated the expression of miR-92a and miR-92b-3p, microRNAs involved in regulation of lipid metabolism, in the liver. Mechanistically, we found that acls3, an acetyl-coenzyme A synthetase, is target gene of miR-92a, and miR-92a-acsl3-dependent de novo lipogenesis contributes to lipid accumulation and lipotoxicity induced by MnO2 NPs. Collectively, these findings provided novel insights into mechanism whereby miRNAs mediate nanoparticles- and inorganic Mn-induced hepatic lipotoxicity and changes of lipid metabolism in vertebrates. Our findings also shed new perspective for ecotoxicity and ecological risk of MnO2 NPs and MnSO4 in aquatic environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Zhao
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Fishery College, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Hua Zheng
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Fishery College, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Jie-Jie Xu
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Fishery College, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Yi-Chuang Xu
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Fishery College, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Lu-Lu Liu
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Fishery College, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Zhi Luo
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Fishery College, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China; Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266237, China.
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13
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Ma Q, Kou X, Yang Y, Yue Y, Xing W, Feng X, Liu G, Wang C, Li Y. Comparison of Lipids and Volatile Compounds in Dezhou Donkey Meat with High and Low Intramuscular Fat Content. Foods 2023; 12:3269. [PMID: 37685202 PMCID: PMC10486446 DOI: 10.3390/foods12173269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Revised: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The intramuscular fat (IMF) content is considered an important factor for assessing meat quality, and is highly related to meat flavor. However, in donkey meat, the influences of IMF content on lipid and volatile profiles remain unclear. Thus, we conducted lipidomic and volatilomic investigations on high- and low-IMF samples from donkey longissimus dorsi muscle. When the IMF level increased, the monounsaturated fatty acid (especially oleic acid) content significantly increased but the saturated fatty acid content decreased (p < 0.05). Twenty-nine of 876 lipids showed significant differences between the two groups. Volatile profiles from differential IMF content samples were also distinct. Five differential volatile odorants were identified in the two groups: 2-acetyl-2-thiazoline, octanal, 2-pentylfuran, pentanal, and 1-(2-pyridinyl) ethanone. Additionally, strong correlations were found between differential fatty acids and lipids with differential odorants. Thus, the difference in volatile odorants may result from the change in the fatty acid composition and lipid profiles induced by different IMF contents, highlighting the urgent need to increase IMF levels in donkey meat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingshan Ma
- School of Agricultural Science and Engineering, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252000, China; (Q.M.); (X.K.); (G.L.); (C.W.)
| | - Xiyan Kou
- School of Agricultural Science and Engineering, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252000, China; (Q.M.); (X.K.); (G.L.); (C.W.)
| | - Youyou Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, Institute of Animal Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; (Y.Y.); (W.X.); (X.F.)
| | - Yunshuang Yue
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China;
| | - Weihai Xing
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, Institute of Animal Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; (Y.Y.); (W.X.); (X.F.)
| | - Xiaohui Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, Institute of Animal Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; (Y.Y.); (W.X.); (X.F.)
| | - Guiqin Liu
- School of Agricultural Science and Engineering, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252000, China; (Q.M.); (X.K.); (G.L.); (C.W.)
| | - Changfa Wang
- School of Agricultural Science and Engineering, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252000, China; (Q.M.); (X.K.); (G.L.); (C.W.)
| | - Yan Li
- School of Agricultural Science and Engineering, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252000, China; (Q.M.); (X.K.); (G.L.); (C.W.)
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14
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Weninger SN, Herman C, Meyer RK, Beauchemin ET, Kangath A, Lane AI, Martinez TM, Hasneen T, Jaramillo SA, Lindsey J, Vedantam G, Cai H, Cope EK, Caporaso JG, Duca FA. Oligofructose improves small intestinal lipid-sensing mechanisms via alterations to the small intestinal microbiota. MICROBIOME 2023; 11:169. [PMID: 37533066 PMCID: PMC10394784 DOI: 10.1186/s40168-023-01590-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Upper small intestinal dietary lipids activate a gut-brain axis regulating energy homeostasis. The prebiotic, oligofructose (OFS) improves body weight and adiposity during metabolic dysregulation but the exact mechanisms remain unknown. This study examines whether alterations to the small intestinal microbiota following OFS treatment improve small intestinal lipid-sensing to regulate food intake in high fat (HF)-fed rats. RESULTS In rats fed a HF diet for 4 weeks, OFS supplementation decreased food intake and meal size within 2 days, and reduced body weight and adiposity after 6 weeks. Acute (3 day) OFS treatment restored small intestinal lipid-induced satiation during HF-feeding, and was associated with increased small intestinal CD36 expression, portal GLP-1 levels and hindbrain neuronal activation following a small intestinal lipid infusion. Transplant of the small intestinal microbiota from acute OFS treated donors into HF-fed rats also restored lipid-sensing mechanisms to lower food intake. 16S rRNA gene sequencing revealed that both long and short-term OFS altered the small intestinal microbiota, increasing Bifidobacterium relative abundance. Small intestinal administration of Bifidobacterium pseudolongum to HF-fed rats improved small intestinal lipid-sensing to decrease food intake. CONCLUSION OFS supplementation rapidly modulates the small intestinal gut microbiota, which mediates improvements in small intestinal lipid sensing mechanisms that control food intake to improve energy homeostasis. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Chloe Herman
- Center for Applied Microbiome Science, Pathogen and Microbiome Institute, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, USA
| | - Rachel K Meyer
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, USA
| | - Eve T Beauchemin
- School of Animal and Comparative Biomedical Sciences, College of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, USA
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Microbiology & Immunology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Archana Kangath
- School of Animal and Comparative Biomedical Sciences, College of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, USA
| | - Adelina I Lane
- Department of Physiology, University of Arizona, Tucson, USA
| | | | - Tahia Hasneen
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Sierra A Jaramillo
- Center for Applied Microbiome Science, Pathogen and Microbiome Institute, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, USA
| | - Jason Lindsey
- School of Animal and Comparative Biomedical Sciences, College of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, USA
| | - Gayatri Vedantam
- School of Animal and Comparative Biomedical Sciences, College of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, USA
- Department of Immunobiology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
- BIO5 Institute for Collaborative Research, University of Arizona, Tucson, USA
| | - Haijiang Cai
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
- BIO5 Institute for Collaborative Research, University of Arizona, Tucson, USA
| | - Emily K Cope
- Center for Applied Microbiome Science, Pathogen and Microbiome Institute, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, USA
| | - J Gregory Caporaso
- Center for Applied Microbiome Science, Pathogen and Microbiome Institute, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, USA
| | - Frank A Duca
- School of Animal and Comparative Biomedical Sciences, College of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, USA.
- BIO5 Institute for Collaborative Research, University of Arizona, Tucson, USA.
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15
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Manilla V, Santopaolo F, Gasbarrini A, Ponziani FR. Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Liver Disease: Across the Gut-Liver Axis from Fibrosis to Cancer. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15112521. [PMID: 37299482 DOI: 10.3390/nu15112521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a widespread disease worldwide, and is one of the cornerstones of metabolic syndrome. The existence of a strong relationship between diabetes and the progression of liver fibrosis has been demonstrated by several studies, using invasive and noninvasive techniques. Patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) show faster progression of fibrosis than patients without diabetes. Many confounding factors make it difficult to determine the exact mechanisms involved. What we know so far is that both liver fibrosis and T2DM are expressions of metabolic dysfunction, and we recognize similar risk factors. Interestingly, both are promoted by metabolic endotoxemia, a low-grade inflammatory condition caused by increased endotoxin levels and linked to intestinal dysbiosis and increased intestinal permeability. There is broad evidence on the role of the gut microbiota in the progression of liver disease, through both metabolic and inflammatory mechanisms. Therefore, dysbiosis that is associated with diabetes can act as a modifier of the natural evolution of NAFLD. In addition to diet, hypoglycemic drugs play an important role in this scenario, and their benefit is also the result of effects exerted in the gut. Here, we provide an overview of the mechanisms that explain why diabetic patients show a more rapid progression of liver disease up to hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), focusing especially on those involving the gut-liver axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vittoria Manilla
- Digestive Disease Center-CEMAD, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Santopaolo
- Digestive Disease Center-CEMAD, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio Gasbarrini
- Digestive Disease Center-CEMAD, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
- Translational Medicine and Surgery Department, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Romana Ponziani
- Digestive Disease Center-CEMAD, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
- Translational Medicine and Surgery Department, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
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16
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Zaccaria E, Klaassen T, Alleleyn AME, Boekhorst J, Smokvina T, Kleerebezem M, Troost FJ. Endogenous small intestinal microbiome determinants of transient colonisation efficiency by bacteria from fermented dairy products: a randomised controlled trial. MICROBIOME 2023; 11:43. [PMID: 36879297 PMCID: PMC9990280 DOI: 10.1186/s40168-023-01491-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The effects of fermented food consumption on the small intestine microbiome and its role on host homeostasis are largely uncharacterised as our knowledge on intestinal microbiota relies mainly on faecal samples analysis. We investigated changes in small intestinal microbial composition and functionality, short chain fatty acid (SCFA) profiles, and on gastro-intestinal (GI) permeability in ileostomy subjects upon the consumption of fermented milk products. RESULTS We report the results from a randomised, cross-over, explorative study where 16 ileostomy subjects underwent 3, 2-week intervention periods. In each period, they consumed either milk fermented by Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus CNCM I-3690, or milk fermented by Streptococcus thermophilus CNCM I-1630 and Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus CNCM I-1519, or a chemically acidified milk (placebo) daily. We performed metataxonomic, metatranscriptomic analysis, and SCFA profiling of ileostomy effluents as well as a sugar permeability test to investigate the microbiome impact of these interventions and their potential effect on mucosal barrier function. Consumption of the intervention products impacted the overall small intestinal microbiome composition and functionality, mainly due to the introduction of the product-derived bacteria that reach in several samples 50% of the total microbial community. The interventions did not affect the SCFA levels in ileostoma effluent, or gastro-intestinal permeability and the effects on the endogenous microbial community were negligible. The impact on microbiome composition was highly personalised, and we identified the poorly characterised bacterial family, Peptostreptococcaceae, to be positively associated with a low abundance of the ingested bacteria. Activity profiling of the microbiota revealed that carbon- versus amino acid-derived energy metabolism of the endogenous microbiome could be responsible for the individual-specific intervention effects on the small intestine microbiome composition and function, reflected also on urine microbial metabolites generated through proteolytic fermentation. CONCLUSIONS The ingested bacteria are the main drivers of the intervention effect on the small intestinal microbiota composition. Their transient abundance level is highly personalised and influenced by the energy metabolism of the ecosystem that is reflected by its microbial composition ( http://www. CLINICALTRIALS gov , ID NCT NCT02920294). Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edoardo Zaccaria
- Host Microbe Interactomics Group, Wageningen University & Research, De Elst 1, 6708WD, Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Food Innovation and Health, Center for Healthy Eating and Food Innovation, Maastricht University, Venlo, 5911AA, The Netherlands
| | - Tim Klaassen
- Food Innovation and Health, Center for Healthy Eating and Food Innovation, Maastricht University, Venlo, 5911AA, The Netherlands
- Division of Gastroenterology-Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), Maastricht University Medical Center+, P.O. Box 5800, 6202AZ, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Annick M E Alleleyn
- Division of Gastroenterology-Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), Maastricht University Medical Center+, P.O. Box 5800, 6202AZ, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Jos Boekhorst
- Host Microbe Interactomics Group, Wageningen University & Research, De Elst 1, 6708WD, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Tamara Smokvina
- Danone Nutricia Research, Av. De la Vauve, 91767, Palaiseau, France
| | - Michiel Kleerebezem
- Host Microbe Interactomics Group, Wageningen University & Research, De Elst 1, 6708WD, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Freddy J Troost
- Food Innovation and Health, Center for Healthy Eating and Food Innovation, Maastricht University, Venlo, 5911AA, The Netherlands
- Division of Gastroenterology-Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), Maastricht University Medical Center+, P.O. Box 5800, 6202AZ, Maastricht, The Netherlands
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17
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Fructooligosaccharides attenuate non-alcoholic fatty liver disease by remodeling gut microbiota and association with lipid metabolism. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 159:114300. [PMID: 36696803 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a common liver disease highly associated with metabolic diseases and gut dysbiosis. Several clinical trials have confirmed that fructooligosaccharides (FOSs) are a viable alternative treatment for NAFLD. However, the mechanisms underlying the activities of FOSs remain unclear. METHODS In this study, the effects of FOSs were investigated with the use of two C57BL/6 J mouse models of NAFLD induced by a high-fat, high-cholesterol (HFHC) diet and a methionine- and choline-deficient (MCD) diet, respectively. The measured metabolic parameters included body, fat, and liver weights; and blood glucose, glucose tolerance, and serum levels of glutamate transaminase, aspartate transaminase, and triglycerides. Liver tissues were collected for histological analysis. In addition, 16 S rRNA sequencing was conducted to investigate the effects of FOSs on the composition of the gut microbiota of mice in the HFHC and MCD groups and treated with FOSs. RESULTS FOS treatment attenuated severe metabolic changes and hepatic steatosis caused by the HFHC and MCD diets. In addition, FOSs remodeled the structure of gut microbiota in mice fed the HFHC and MCD diets, as demonstrated by increased abundances of Bacteroidetes (phylum level), Klebsiella variicola, Lactobacillus gasseri, and Clostridium perfringens (species level); and decreased abundances of Verrucomicrobia (phylum level) and the Fissicatena group (genus level). Moreover, the expression levels of genes associated with lipid metabolism and inflammation (i.e., ACC1, PPARγ, CD36, MTTP, APOC3, IL-6, and IL-1β) were down-regulated after FOS treatment. CONCLUSION FOSs alleviated the pathological phenotype of NAFLD via remodeling of the gut microbiota composition and decreasing hepatic lipid metabolism, suggesting that FOSs as functional dietary supplements can potentially reduce the risk of NAFLD.
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18
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Dietary regulation in health and disease. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2022; 7:252. [PMID: 35871218 PMCID: PMC9308782 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-022-01104-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Revised: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Nutriments have been deemed to impact all physiopathologic processes. Recent evidences in molecular medicine and clinical trials have demonstrated that adequate nutrition treatments are the golden criterion for extending healthspan and delaying ageing in various species such as yeast, drosophila, rodent, primate and human. It emerges to develop the precision-nutrition therapeutics to slow age-related biological processes and treat diverse diseases. However, the nutritive advantages frequently diversify among individuals as well as organs and tissues, which brings challenges in this field. In this review, we summarize the different forms of dietary interventions extensively prescribed for healthspan improvement and disease treatment in pre-clinical or clinical. We discuss the nutrient-mediated mechanisms including metabolic regulators, nutritive metabolism pathways, epigenetic mechanisms and circadian clocks. Comparably, we describe diet-responsive effectors by which dietary interventions influence the endocrinic, immunological, microbial and neural states responsible for improving health and preventing multiple diseases in humans. Furthermore, we expatiate diverse patterns of dietotheroapies, including different fasting, calorie-restricted diet, ketogenic diet, high-fibre diet, plants-based diet, protein restriction diet or diet with specific reduction in amino acids or microelements, potentially affecting the health and morbid states. Altogether, we emphasize the profound nutritional therapy, and highlight the crosstalk among explored mechanisms and critical factors to develop individualized therapeutic approaches and predictors.
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19
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Shin JH, Bozadjieva-Kramer N, Shao Y, Lyons-Abbott S, Rupp AC, Sandoval DA, Seeley RJ. The gut peptide Reg3g links the small intestine microbiome to the regulation of energy balance, glucose levels, and gut function. Cell Metab 2022; 34:1765-1778.e6. [PMID: 36240758 PMCID: PMC9633559 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2022.09.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Revised: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Changing composition of the gut microbiome is an important component of the gut adaptation to various environments, which have been implicated in various metabolic diseases including obesity and type 2 diabetes, but the mechanisms by which the microbiota influence host physiology remain contentious. Here we find that both diets high in the fermentable fiber inulin and vertical sleeve gastrectomy increase intestinal expression and circulating levels of the anti-microbial peptide Reg3g. Moreover, a number of beneficial effects of these manipulations on gut function, energy balance, and glucose regulation are absent in Reg3g knockout mice. Peripheral administration of various preparations of Reg3g improves glucose tolerance, and this effect is dependent on the putative receptor Extl3 in the pancreas. These data suggest Reg3g acts both within the lumen and as a gut hormone to link the intestinal microbiome to various aspects of host physiology that may be leveraged for novel treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae Hoon Shin
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Nadejda Bozadjieva-Kramer
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Veterans Affairs Ann Arbor Healthcare System, Research Service, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Yikai Shao
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Center for Obesity and Metabolic Surgery, Huashan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | | | - Alan C Rupp
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Darleen A Sandoval
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Department of Pediatrics Section of Nutrition, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Randy J Seeley
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
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20
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Abstract
We are host to an assembly of microorganisms that vary in structure and function along the length of the gut and from the lumen to the mucosa. This ecosystem is collectively known as the gut microbiota and significant efforts have been spent during the past 2 decades to catalog and functionally describe the normal gut microbiota and how it varies during a wide spectrum of disease states. The gut microbiota is altered in several cardiometabolic diseases and recent work has established microbial signatures that may advance disease. However, most research has focused on identifying associations between the gut microbiota and human diseases states and to investigate causality and potential mechanisms using cells and animals. Since the gut microbiota functions on the intersection between diet and host metabolism, and can contribute to inflammation, several microbially produced metabolites and molecules may modulate cardiometabolic diseases. Here we discuss how the gut bacterial composition is altered in, and can contribute to, cardiometabolic disease, as well as how the gut bacteria can be targeted to treat and prevent metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louise E Olofsson
- Wallenberg Laboratory, Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Fredrik Bäckhed
- Wallenberg Laboratory, Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Sweden.,Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark.,Region Västra Götaland, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Department of Clinical Physiology, Gothenburg, Sweden
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21
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Xie C, Zhu X, Xu B, Niu Y, Zhang X, Ma L, Yan X. Integrated analysis of multi-tissues lipidome and gut microbiome reveals microbiota-induced shifts on lipid metabolism in pigs. ANIMAL NUTRITION 2022; 10:280-293. [PMID: 35785254 PMCID: PMC9234070 DOI: 10.1016/j.aninu.2022.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Revised: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
Lipid metabolism is very important for meat quality in pigs. Accumulating evidence shows that gut microbiota can contribute to this physiological process. However, the gut microbiota that function in lipid metabolism and adipogenesis remains unclear. Here, we compared the characteristics of fat deposition and gut microbial community between Laiwu pigs and Duroc × (Landrace × Yorkshire) (DLY) pigs. Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) was performed to determine the possible impact of gut microbiota on lipid metabolism in pigs. An integrated analysis of the gut microbiome and lipidome of the small intestine, plasma, and liver was conducted to investigate the effects of FMT on host lipid metabolism. The comparative analysis of the gut microbiome showed higher abundance of Bacteroidetes (P = 0.0018) while lower abundance of Firmicutes (P = 0.012) in Laiwu pigs, and the microbial composition can be transferred from Laiwu pigs into DLY pigs. Transmission electron microscope and Oil red-O staining were performed to analyze the effects of FMT on lipid deposition in liver, the main target organ for lipid metabolism. The results showed that FMT significantly increased the number of lipid droplets (P = 0.0035) and lipid accumulation (P = 0.0026) in liver. Furthermore, integrated multi-tissues lipidome analysis demonstrated that the fatty acyls and glycerophospholipids were significantly increased (P < 0.01) in intestine and liver, while glycerolipids and fatty acyls were reduced (P < 0.01) in plasma. In the small intestine, FMT increased (P < 0.01) the relative abundance of polyketides and prenol lipids but reduced (P < 0.01) the saccharolipids. Correlation analysis revealed the potential interactions between microbiota and lipid metabolites. Together, our results indicated that the gut microbiota may regulate the lipid metabolism and enhance the accumulation of lipid droplets in the liver of pigs.
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22
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Du YQ, Sha XY, Cheng J, Wang J, Lin JY, An WT, Pan W, Zhang LJ, Tao XN, Xu YF, Jia YL, Yang Z, Xiao P, Liu M, Sun JP, Yu X. Endogenous Lipid-GPR120 Signaling Modulates Pancreatic Islet Homeostasis to Different Extents. Diabetes 2022; 71:1454-1471. [PMID: 35472681 DOI: 10.2337/db21-0794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Long-chain fatty acids (LCFAs) are not only energy sources but also serve as signaling molecules. GPR120, an LCFA receptor, plays key roles in maintaining metabolic homeostasis. However, whether endogenous ligand-GPR120 circuits exist and how such circuits function in pancreatic islets are unclear. Here, we found that endogenous GPR120 activity in pancreatic δ-cells modulated islet functions. At least two unsaturated LCFAs, oleic acid (OA) and linoleic acid (LA), were identified as GPR120 agonists within pancreatic islets. These two LCFAs promoted insulin secretion by inhibiting somatostatin secretion and showed bias activation of GPR120 in a model system. Compared with OA, LA exerted higher potency in promoting insulin secretion, which is dependent on β-arrestin2 function. Moreover, GPR120 signaling was impaired in the diabetic db/db model, and replenishing OA and LA improved islet function in both the db/db and streptozotocin-treated diabetic models. Consistently, the administration of LA improved glucose metabolism in db/db mice. Collectively, our results reveal that endogenous LCFA-GPR120 circuits exist and modulate homeostasis in pancreatic islets. The contributions of phenotype differences caused by different LCFA-GPR120 circuits within islets highlight the roles of fine-tuned ligand-receptor signaling networks in maintaining islet homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Qin Du
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory Experimental Teratology of the Ministry of Education and Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Xue-Ying Sha
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Cheng
- Key Laboratory Experimental Teratology of the Ministry of Education and Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Jin Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Jing-Yu Lin
- Key Laboratory Experimental Teratology of the Ministry of Education and Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Wen-Tao An
- Key Laboratory Experimental Teratology of the Ministry of Education and Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Wei Pan
- Key Laboratory Experimental Teratology of the Ministry of Education and Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Li-Jun Zhang
- Key Laboratory Experimental Teratology of the Ministry of Education and Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Xiao-Na Tao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Yun-Fei Xu
- Department of General Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Ying-Li Jia
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Zhao Yang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Peng Xiao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Ming Liu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology & Diabetes, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Jin-Peng Sun
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Xiao Yu
- Key Laboratory Experimental Teratology of the Ministry of Education and Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
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23
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Wachsmuth HR, Weninger SN, Duca FA. Role of the gut-brain axis in energy and glucose metabolism. Exp Mol Med 2022; 54:377-392. [PMID: 35474341 PMCID: PMC9076644 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-021-00677-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Revised: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The gastrointestinal tract plays a role in the development and treatment of metabolic diseases. During a meal, the gut provides crucial information to the brain regarding incoming nutrients to allow proper maintenance of energy and glucose homeostasis. This gut-brain communication is regulated by various peptides or hormones that are secreted from the gut in response to nutrients; these signaling molecules can enter the circulation and act directly on the brain, or they can act indirectly via paracrine action on local vagal and spinal afferent neurons that innervate the gut. In addition, the enteric nervous system can act as a relay from the gut to the brain. The current review will outline the different gut-brain signaling mechanisms that contribute to metabolic homeostasis, highlighting the recent advances in understanding these complex hormonal and neural pathways. Furthermore, the impact of the gut microbiota on various components of the gut-brain axis that regulates energy and glucose homeostasis will be discussed. A better understanding of the gut-brain axis and its complex relationship with the gut microbiome is crucial for the development of successful pharmacological therapies to combat obesity and diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Frank A Duca
- School of Animal and Comparative Biomedical Sciences, College of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA. .,BIO5, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA.
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24
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Shao Y, Evers SS, Shin JH, Ramakrishnan SK, Bozadjieva-Kramer N, Yao Q, Shah YM, Sandoval DA, Seeley RJ. Vertical sleeve gastrectomy increases duodenal Lactobacillus spp. richness associated with the activation of intestinal HIF2α signaling and metabolic benefits. Mol Metab 2022; 57:101432. [PMID: 34998940 PMCID: PMC8790500 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2022.101432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2021] [Revised: 12/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Vertical Sleeve Gastrectomy (VSG) is one of the most efficacious treatments for obesity and its comorbidities. Although a range of evidence suggests that alterations of the microbiota in the distal gut following VSG are pivotal to these metabolic improvements, the effect of surgery to alter the microbiota of the proximal intestine and its effect on host physiology remain largely unknown. As the main bacteria in the upper small intestine, Lactobacillus subspecies have been appreciated as important regulators of gut function. These bacteria also regulate intestinal Hypoxia- Inducible Factor 2α (HIF2α) signaling that plays an integral role in gut physiology and iron absorption. In the present study, we sought to determine the impact of VSG on Lactobacillus spp. in the small intestine and potential downstream impacts of Lactobacillus spp. on HIF2α, specifically in the duodenum. METHODS To determine the effects of VSG on the microbiota and HIF2α signaling in the duodenum, VSG surgeries were performed on diet-induced obese mice. To further probe the relationship between Lactobacillus spp. and HIF2α signaling in the duodenum, we applied a customized high-fat but iron-deficient diet on mice to increase duodenal HIF2α signaling and determined alterations of gut bacteria. To explore the causal role of Lactobacillus spp. in duodenal HIF2α signaling activation, we chronically administered probiotics containing Lactobacillus spp. to high-fat-fed obese mice. Lastly, we studied the effect of lactate, the major metabolite of Lactobacilli, on HIF2α in ex vivo duodenal organoids. RESULTS There were pronounced increases in the abundance of Lactobacillus spp. in samples isolated from duodenal epithelium in VSG-operated mice as compared to sham-operated mice. This was accompanied by an increase in the expression of genes that are targets of HIF2α in the duodenum of VSG-treated mice. Activating HIF2α signaling with a high-fat but iron-deficient diet resulted in weight loss, improvements in glucose regulation, and increased Lactobacillus spp. richness in the duodenum as compared to mice on an iron-replete diet. Chronic administration of probiotics containing Lactobacillus spp. not only increased HIF2α signaling in the duodenum such as occurs after VSG but also resulted in reduced weight gain and improved glucose tolerance in high-fat-fed mice. Furthermore, lactate was able to activate HIF2α in ex vivo duodenal organoids. CONCLUSIONS These results support a model whereby VSG increases duodenal Lactobacillus richness and potentially stimulates intestinal HIF2α signaling via increased lactate production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yikai Shao
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Center for Obesity and Metabolic Surgery, Huashan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Simon S Evers
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Jae Hoon Shin
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | | | | | - Qiyuan Yao
- Center for Obesity and Metabolic Surgery, Huashan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yatrik M Shah
- Departments of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Darleen A Sandoval
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Nutrition, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Randy J Seeley
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
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25
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Howard EJ, Lam TKT, Duca FA. The Gut Microbiome: Connecting Diet, Glucose Homeostasis, and Disease. Annu Rev Med 2021; 73:469-481. [PMID: 34678047 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-med-042220-012821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes rates continue to rise unabated, underscoring the need to better understand the etiology and potential therapeutic options available for this disease. The gut microbiome plays a role in glucose homeostasis, and diabetes is associated with alterations in the gut microbiome. Given that consumption of a Western diet is associated with increased metabolic disease, and that a Western diet alters the gut microbiome, it is plausible that changes in the gut microbiota mediate the dysregulation in glucose homeostasis. In this review, we highlight a few of the most significant mechanisms by which the gut microbiome can influence glucose regulation, including changes in gut permeability, gut-brain signaling, and production of bacteria-derived metabolites like short-chain fatty acids and bile acids. A better understanding of these pathways could lead to the development of novel therapeutics to target the gut microbiome in order to restore glucose homeostasis in metabolic disease. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Medicine, Volume 73 is January 2022. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth J Howard
- School of Animal and Comparative Biomedical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, USA
| | - Tony K T Lam
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario M5G 2C4, Canada.,Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada.,Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H2, Canada.,Banting and Best Diabetes Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5G 2C4, Canada
| | - Frank A Duca
- School of Animal and Comparative Biomedical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, USA.,BIO5 Institute, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, USA;
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26
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Lopez-Pier MA, Koppinger MP, Harris PR, Cannon DK, Skaria RS, Hurwitz BL, Watts G, Aras S, Slepian MJ, Konhilas JP. An adaptable and non-invasive method for tracking Bifidobacterium animalis subspecies lactis 420 in the mouse gut. J Microbiol Methods 2021; 189:106302. [PMID: 34391819 PMCID: PMC8473990 DOI: 10.1016/j.mimet.2021.106302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Revised: 08/07/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Probiotic strains from the Bifidobacterium or Lactobacillus genera improve health outcomes in models of metabolic and cardiovascular disease. Yet, underlying mechanisms governing these improved health outcomes are rooted in the interaction of gut microbiota, intestinal interface, and probiotic strain. Central to defining the underlying mechanisms governing these improved health outcomes is the development of adaptable and non-invasive tools to study probiotic localization and colonization within the host gut microbiome. The objective of this study was to test labeling and tracking efficacy of Bifidobacterium animalis subspecies lactis 420 (B420) using a common clinical imaging agent, indocyanine green (ICG). ICG was an effective in situ labeling agent visualized in either intact mouse or excised gastrointestinal (GI) tract at different time intervals. Quantitative PCR was used to validate ICG visualization of B420, which also demonstrated that B420 transit time matched normal murine GI motility (~8 hours). Contrary to previous thoughts, B420 did not colonize any region of the GI tract whether following a single bolus or daily administration for up to 10 days. We conclude that ICG may provide a useful tool to visualize and track probiotic species such as B420 without implementing complex molecular and genetic tools. Proof-of-concept studies indicate that B420 did not colonize and establish residency align the murine GI tract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marissa A Lopez-Pier
- Sarver Molecular Cardiovascular Research Program, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Matthew P Koppinger
- Sarver Molecular Cardiovascular Research Program, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA; Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Preston R Harris
- Sarver Molecular Cardiovascular Research Program, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA; Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Danielle K Cannon
- Department of Physiology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA; Sarver Molecular Cardiovascular Research Program, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Rinku S Skaria
- Department of Physiology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA; Sarver Molecular Cardiovascular Research Program, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | | | - George Watts
- Bio5 Institute, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | | | - Marvin J Slepian
- Sarver Molecular Cardiovascular Research Program, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA; Bio5 Institute, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA; Department of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - John P Konhilas
- Department of Physiology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA; Sarver Molecular Cardiovascular Research Program, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA; Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA; Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA; Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA.
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27
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Gu J, Sun R, Wang Q, Liu F, Tang D, Chang X. Standardized Astragalus Mongholicus Bunge- Curcuma Aromatica Salisb. Extract Efficiently Suppresses Colon Cancer Progression Through Gut Microbiota Modification in CT26-Bearing Mice. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:714322. [PMID: 34531745 PMCID: PMC8438123 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.714322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Altered gut microbiota and a damaged colon mucosal barrier have been implicated in the development of colon cancer. Astragalus mongholicus Bunge-Curcuma aromatica Salisb. (ACE) is a common herbal drug pair that widely used clinically to treat cancer. However, whether the anti-cancer effect of ACE is related to gut microbiota remains unclear yet. We standardized ACE and investigated the effects of ACE on tumour suppression and analyze the related mechanisms on gut microbiota in CT26 colon cancer-bearing mice in the present study. Firstly, four flavonoids (calycosin-7-glucoside, ononin, calycosin, formononetin) and three astragalosides (astragaloside A, astragaloside II, astragaloside I) riched in Astragalus mongholicus Bunge, three curcumins (bisdemethoxycurcumin, demethoxycurcumin, curcumin) and four essential oils (curdione, curzerene, germacrone and β-elemene) from Curcuma aromatica Salisb., in concentrations from 0.08 to 2.07 mg/g, were examined in ACE. Then the results in vivo studies indicated that ACE inhibited solid tumours, liver and spleen metastases of colon cancer while simultaneously reducing pathological tissue damage. Additionally, ACE regulated gut microbiota dysbiosis and the short chain fatty acid content in the gut, repaired intestinal barrier damage. ACE treatment suppressed the overgrowth of conditional pathogenic gut bacteria, including Escherichia-Shigella, Streptococcus and Enterococcus, while the probiotic gut microbiota like Lactobacillus, Roseburia, Prevotellaceae_UCG-001 and Mucispirillum were increased. More interestingly, the content level of SCFAs such as propionic acid and butyric acid was increased after ACE administration, which further mediates intestinal SDF-1/CXCR4 signalling pathway to repair the integrity of the intestinal barrier, decrease Cyclin D1 and C-myc expressions, eventually suppress the tumor the growth and metastasis of colon cancer. To sum up, the present study demonstrated that ACE could efficiently suppress colon cancer progression through gut microbiota modification, which may provide a new explanation of the mechanism of ACE against colon cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junfei Gu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine and School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Ruolan Sun
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine and School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Qiaohan Wang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine and School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Fuyan Liu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine and School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Decai Tang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine and School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiangwei Chang
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
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Zhang SY, Li RJW, Lim YM, Batchuluun B, Liu H, Waise TMZ, Lam TKT. FXR in the dorsal vagal complex is sufficient and necessary for upper small intestinal microbiome-mediated changes of TCDCA to alter insulin action in rats. Gut 2021; 70:1675-1683. [PMID: 33087489 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2020-321757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Revised: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Conjugated bile acids are metabolised by upper small intestinal microbiota, and serum levels of taurine-conjugated bile acids are elevated and correlated with insulin resistance in people with type 2 diabetes. However, whether changes in taurine-conjugated bile acids are necessary for small intestinal microbiome to alter insulin action remain unknown. DESIGN We evaluated circulating and specifically brain insulin action using the pancreatic-euglycaemic clamps in high-fat (HF) versus chow fed rats with or without upper small intestinal healthy microbiome transplant. Chemical and molecular gain/loss-of-function experiments targeting specific taurine-conjugated bile acid-induced changes of farnesoid X receptor (FXR) in the brain were performed in parallel. RESULTS We found that short-term HF feeding increased the levels of taurochenodeoxycholic acid (TCDCA, an FXR ligand) in the upper small intestine, ileum, plasma and dorsal vagal complex (DVC) of the brain. Transplantation of upper small intestinal healthy microbiome into the upper small intestine of HF rats not only reversed the rise of TCDCA in all reported tissues but also enhanced the ability of either circulating hyperinsulinaemia or DVC insulin action to lower glucose production. Further, DVC infusion of TCDCA or FXR agonist negated the enhancement of insulin action, while genetic knockdown or chemical inhibition of FXR in the DVC of HF rats reversed insulin resistance. CONCLUSION Our findings indicate that FXR in the DVC is sufficient and necessary for upper small intestinal microbiome-mediated changes of TCDCA to alter insulin action in rats, and highlight a previously unappreciated TCDCA-FXR axis linking gut microbiome and host insulin action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song-Yang Zhang
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, UHN, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Rosa J W Li
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, UHN, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Yu-Mi Lim
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, UHN, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Medical Research Institute, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Huiying Liu
- Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - T M Zaved Waise
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, UHN, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Tony K T Lam
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, UHN, Toronto, Ontario, Canada .,Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Banting and Best Diabetes Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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29
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Romaní-Pérez M, López-Almela I, Bullich-Vilarrubias C, Rueda-Ruzafa L, Gómez Del Pulgar EM, Benítez-Páez A, Liebisch G, Lamas JA, Sanz Y. Holdemanella biformis improves glucose tolerance and regulates GLP-1 signaling in obese mice. FASEB J 2021; 35:e21734. [PMID: 34143451 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202100126r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Impaired glucose homeostasis in obesity is mitigated by enhancing the glucoregulatory actions of glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1), and thus, strategies that improve GLP-1 sensitivity and secretion have therapeutic potential for the treatment of type 2 diabetes. This study shows that Holdemanella biformis, isolated from the feces of a metabolically healthy volunteer, ameliorates hyperglycemia, improves oral glucose tolerance and restores gluconeogenesis and insulin signaling in the liver of obese mice. These effects were associated with the ability of H. biformis to restore GLP-1 levels, enhancing GLP-1 neural signaling in the proximal and distal small intestine and GLP-1 sensitivity of vagal sensory neurons, and to modify the cecal abundance of unsaturated fatty acids and the bacterial species associated with metabolic health. Our findings overall suggest the potential use of H biformis in the management of type 2 diabetes in obesity to optimize the sensitivity and function of the GLP-1 system, through direct and indirect mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Romaní-Pérez
- Microbial Ecology, Nutrition and Health Research Unit, Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology, National Research Council (IATA-CSIC), Valencia, Spain
| | - Inmaculada López-Almela
- Microbial Ecology, Nutrition and Health Research Unit, Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology, National Research Council (IATA-CSIC), Valencia, Spain
| | - Clara Bullich-Vilarrubias
- Microbial Ecology, Nutrition and Health Research Unit, Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology, National Research Council (IATA-CSIC), Valencia, Spain
| | - Lola Rueda-Ruzafa
- Laboratory of Neuroscience, Biomedical Research Center (CINBIO), University of Vigo, Vigo, Spain
| | - Eva M Gómez Del Pulgar
- Microbial Ecology, Nutrition and Health Research Unit, Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology, National Research Council (IATA-CSIC), Valencia, Spain
| | - Alfonso Benítez-Páez
- Microbial Ecology, Nutrition and Health Research Unit, Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology, National Research Council (IATA-CSIC), Valencia, Spain
| | - Gerhard Liebisch
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - José Antonio Lamas
- Laboratory of Neuroscience, Biomedical Research Center (CINBIO), University of Vigo, Vigo, Spain
| | - Yolanda Sanz
- Microbial Ecology, Nutrition and Health Research Unit, Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology, National Research Council (IATA-CSIC), Valencia, Spain
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30
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The Microbiota and the Gut-Brain Axis in Controlling Food Intake and Energy Homeostasis. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22115830. [PMID: 34072450 PMCID: PMC8198395 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22115830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Revised: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity currently represents a major societal and health challenge worldwide. Its prevalence has reached epidemic proportions and trends continue to rise, reflecting the need for more effective preventive measures. Hypothalamic circuits that control energy homeostasis in response to food intake are interesting targets for body-weight management, for example, through interventions that reinforce the gut-to-brain nutrient signalling, whose malfunction contributes to obesity. Gut microbiota-diet interactions might interfere in nutrient sensing and signalling from the gut to the brain, where the information is processed to control energy homeostasis. This gut microbiota-brain crosstalk is mediated by metabolites, mainly short chain fatty acids, secondary bile acids or amino acids-derived metabolites and subcellular bacterial components. These activate gut-endocrine and/or neural-mediated pathways or pass to systemic circulation and then reach the brain. Feeding time and dietary composition are the main drivers of the gut microbiota structure and function. Therefore, aberrant feeding patterns or unhealthy diets might alter gut microbiota-diet interactions and modify nutrient availability and/or microbial ligands transmitting information from the gut to the brain in response to food intake, thus impairing energy homeostasis. Herein, we update the scientific evidence supporting that gut microbiota is a source of novel dietary and non-dietary biological products that may beneficially regulate gut-to-brain communication and, thus, improve metabolic health. Additionally, we evaluate how the feeding time and dietary composition modulate the gut microbiota and, thereby, the intraluminal availability of these biological products with potential effects on energy homeostasis. The review also identifies knowledge gaps and the advances required to clinically apply microbiome-based strategies to improve the gut-brain axis function and, thus, combat obesity.
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31
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Wu Q, Sun L, Hu X, Wang X, Xu F, Chen B, Liang X, Xia J, Wang P, Aibara D, Zhang S, Zeng G, Yun C, Yan Y, Zhu Y, Bustin M, Zhang S, Gonzalez FJ, Jiang C. Suppressing the intestinal farnesoid X receptor/sphingomyelin phosphodiesterase 3 axis decreases atherosclerosis. J Clin Invest 2021; 131:142865. [PMID: 33938457 DOI: 10.1172/jci142865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Intestinal farnesoid X receptor (FXR) signaling is involved in the development of obesity, fatty liver disease, and type 2 diabetes. However, the role of intestinal FXR in atherosclerosis and its potential as a target for clinical treatment have not been explored. The serum levels of fibroblast growth factor 19 (FGF19), which is encoded by an FXR target gene, were much higher in patients with hypercholesterolemia than in control subjects and were positively related to circulating ceramide levels, indicating a link between intestinal FXR, ceramide metabolism, and atherosclerosis. Among ApoE-/- mice fed a high-cholesterol diet (HCD), intestinal FXR deficiency (in FxrΔIE ApoE-/- mice) or direct FXR inhibition (via treatment with the FXR antagonist glycoursodeoxycholic acid [GUDCA]) decreased atherosclerosis and reduced the levels of circulating ceramides and cholesterol. Sphingomyelin phosphodiesterase 3 (SMPD3), which is involved in ceramide synthesis in the intestine, was identified as an FXR target gene. SMPD3 overexpression or C16:0 ceramide supplementation eliminated the improvements in atherosclerosis in FxrΔIE ApoE-/- mice. Administration of GUDCA or GW4869, an SMPD3 inhibitor, elicited therapeutic effects on established atherosclerosis in ApoE-/- mice by decreasing circulating ceramide levels. This study identified an intestinal FXR/SMPD3 axis that is a potential target for atherosclerosis therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Wu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, and the Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China.,Center of Basic Medical Research, Institute of Medical Innovation and Research, Third Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, China.,Center for Obesity and Metabolic Disease Research, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Lulu Sun
- Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Xiaomin Hu
- Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xuemei Wang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, and the Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China.,Center of Basic Medical Research, Institute of Medical Innovation and Research, Third Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, China.,Center for Obesity and Metabolic Disease Research, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Feng Xu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, and the Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China.,Center of Basic Medical Research, Institute of Medical Innovation and Research, Third Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, China.,Center for Obesity and Metabolic Disease Research, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Bo Chen
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, and the Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China.,Center of Basic Medical Research, Institute of Medical Innovation and Research, Third Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, China.,Center for Obesity and Metabolic Disease Research, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Xianyi Liang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, and the Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China.,Center of Basic Medical Research, Institute of Medical Innovation and Research, Third Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, China.,Center for Obesity and Metabolic Disease Research, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Jialin Xia
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, and the Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China.,Center of Basic Medical Research, Institute of Medical Innovation and Research, Third Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, China.,Center for Obesity and Metabolic Disease Research, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Pengcheng Wang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, and the Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China.,Center of Basic Medical Research, Institute of Medical Innovation and Research, Third Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, China.,Center for Obesity and Metabolic Disease Research, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Daisuke Aibara
- Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Shaofei Zhang
- Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Guangyi Zeng
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, and the Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China.,Center of Basic Medical Research, Institute of Medical Innovation and Research, Third Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, China.,Center for Obesity and Metabolic Disease Research, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Chuyu Yun
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, and the Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China.,Center of Basic Medical Research, Institute of Medical Innovation and Research, Third Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, China.,Center for Obesity and Metabolic Disease Research, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Yan
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, and the Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China.,Center of Basic Medical Research, Institute of Medical Innovation and Research, Third Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, China.,Center for Obesity and Metabolic Disease Research, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yicheng Zhu
- Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Michael Bustin
- Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Shuyang Zhang
- Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Frank J Gonzalez
- Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Changtao Jiang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, and the Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China.,Center of Basic Medical Research, Institute of Medical Innovation and Research, Third Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, China.,Center for Obesity and Metabolic Disease Research, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
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32
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Li RJW, Batchuluun B, Zhang SY, Abraham MA, Wang B, Lim YM, Yue JTY, Lam TKT. Nutrient infusion in the dorsal vagal complex controls hepatic lipid and glucose metabolism in rats. iScience 2021; 24:102366. [PMID: 33870148 PMCID: PMC8044434 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.102366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Revised: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypothalamic regulation of lipid and glucose homeostasis is emerging, but whether the dorsal vagal complex (DVC) senses nutrients and regulates hepatic nutrient metabolism remains unclear. Here, we found in rats DVC oleic acid infusion suppressed hepatic secretion of triglyceride-rich very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL-TG), which was disrupted by inhibiting DVC long-chain fatty acyl-CoA synthetase that in parallel disturbed lipid homeostasis during intravenous lipid infusion. DVC glucose infusion elevated local glucose levels similarly as intravenous glucose infusion and suppressed hepatic glucose production. This was independent of lactate metabolism as inhibiting lactate dehydrogenase failed to disrupt glucose sensing and neither could DVC lactate infusion recapitulate glucose effect. DVC oleic acid and glucose infusion failed to lower VLDL-TG secretion and glucose production in high-fat fed rats, while inhibiting DVC farnesoid X receptor enhanced oleic acid but not glucose sensing. Thus, an impairment of DVC nutrient sensing may lead to the disruption of lipid and glucose homeostasis in metabolic syndrome. DVC oleic acid infusion lowers hepatic secretion of VLDL-TG in chow but not HF rats Inhibition of ACSL in the DVC negates lipid sensing DVC glucose infusion lowers hepatic glucose production in chow but not HF rats Inhibition of FXR in the DVC enhances oleic acid but not glucose sensing in HF rats
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa J W Li
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada.,Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, UHN, MaRS Center, TMDT 101 College Street, 10-705, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Battsetseg Batchuluun
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, UHN, MaRS Center, TMDT 101 College Street, 10-705, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Song-Yang Zhang
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, UHN, MaRS Center, TMDT 101 College Street, 10-705, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Mona A Abraham
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada.,Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, UHN, MaRS Center, TMDT 101 College Street, 10-705, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Beini Wang
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada.,Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, UHN, MaRS Center, TMDT 101 College Street, 10-705, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Yu-Mi Lim
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, UHN, MaRS Center, TMDT 101 College Street, 10-705, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada.,Medical Research Institute, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 03181, Republic of Korea
| | - Jessica T Y Yue
- Department of Physiology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2H7, Canada
| | - Tony K T Lam
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada.,Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, UHN, MaRS Center, TMDT 101 College Street, 10-705, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada.,Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada.,Banting and Best Diabetes Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 2C4, Canada
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33
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Kim IS, Kim CH, Yang WS. Physiologically Active Molecules and Functional Properties of Soybeans in Human Health-A Current Perspective. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:4054. [PMID: 33920015 PMCID: PMC8071044 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22084054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2021] [Revised: 04/10/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
In addition to providing nutrients, food can help prevent and treat certain diseases. In particular, research on soy products has increased dramatically following their emergence as functional foods capable of improving blood circulation and intestinal regulation. In addition to their nutritional value, soybeans contain specific phytochemical substances that promote health and are a source of dietary fiber, phospholipids, isoflavones (e.g., genistein and daidzein), phenolic acids, saponins, and phytic acid, while serving as a trypsin inhibitor. These individual substances have demonstrated effectiveness in preventing chronic diseases, such as arteriosclerosis, cardiac diseases, diabetes, and senile dementia, as well as in treating cancer and suppressing osteoporosis. Furthermore, soybean can affect fibrinolytic activity, control blood pressure, and improve lipid metabolism, while eliciting antimutagenic, anticarcinogenic, and antibacterial effects. In this review, rather than to improve on the established studies on the reported nutritional qualities of soybeans, we intend to examine the physiological activities of soybeans that have recently been studied and confirm their potential as a high-functional, well-being food.
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Affiliation(s)
- Il-Sup Kim
- Advanced Bio-resource Research Center, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea;
| | - Cheorl-Ho Kim
- Molecular and Cellular Glycobiology Unit, Department of Biological Sciences, SungKyunKwan University, Gyunggi-Do 16419, Korea
- Samsung Advanced Institute of Health Science and Technology, Gyunggi-Do 16419, Korea
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Wang Z, Zeng M, Wang Z, Qin F, Chen J, He Z. Dietary Polyphenols to Combat Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease via the Gut-Brain-Liver Axis: A Review of Possible Mechanisms. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2021; 69:3585-3600. [PMID: 33729777 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c00751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Polyphenols are a group of micronutrients widely existing in plant foods including fruits, vegetables, and teas that can improve nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). In this review, the existing knowledge of dietary polyphenols for the development of NAFLD regulated by intestinal microecology is discussed. Polyphenols can influence the vagal afferent pathway in the central and enteric nervous system to control NAFLD via gut-brain-liver cross-talk. The possible mechanisms involve in the alteration of microbial community structure, effects of gut metabolites (short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), bile acids (BAs), endogenous ethanol (EnEth)), and stimulation of gut-derived hormones (ghrelin, cholecystokinin (CCK), glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), and leptin) based on the targets excavated from the gut-brain-liver axis. Consequently, the communication among the intestine, brain, and liver paves the way for new approaches to understand the underlying roles and mechanisms of dietary polyphenols in NAFLD pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenyu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
- International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Maomao Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
- International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Zhaojun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
- International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Fang Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
- International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Jie Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
- International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Zhiyong He
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
- International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
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35
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Lee CB, Chae SU, Jo SJ, Jerng UM, Bae SK. The Relationship between the Gut Microbiome and Metformin as a Key for Treating Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22073566. [PMID: 33808194 PMCID: PMC8037857 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22073566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Revised: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Metformin is the first-line pharmacotherapy for treating type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM); however, its mechanism of modulating glucose metabolism is elusive. Recent advances have identified the gut as a potential target of metformin. As patients with metabolic disorders exhibit dysbiosis, the gut microbiome has garnered interest as a potential target for metabolic disease. Henceforth, studies have focused on unraveling the relationship of metabolic disorders with the human gut microbiome. According to various metagenome studies, gut dysbiosis is evident in T2DM patients. Besides this, alterations in the gut microbiome were also observed in the metformin-treated T2DM patients compared to the non-treated T2DM patients. Thus, several studies on rodents have suggested potential mechanisms interacting with the gut microbiome, including regulation of glucose metabolism, an increase in short-chain fatty acids, strengthening intestinal permeability against lipopolysaccharides, modulating the immune response, and interaction with bile acids. Furthermore, human studies have demonstrated evidence substantiating the hypotheses based on rodent studies. This review discusses the current knowledge of how metformin modulates T2DM with respect to the gut microbiome and discusses the prospect of harnessing this mechanism in treating T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chae Bin Lee
- College of Pharmacy and Integrated Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon 14662, Korea; (C.B.L.); (S.U.C.); (S.J.J.)
| | - Soon Uk Chae
- College of Pharmacy and Integrated Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon 14662, Korea; (C.B.L.); (S.U.C.); (S.J.J.)
| | - Seong Jun Jo
- College of Pharmacy and Integrated Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon 14662, Korea; (C.B.L.); (S.U.C.); (S.J.J.)
| | - Ui Min Jerng
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Sangji University, Wonju 26339, Korea;
| | - Soo Kyung Bae
- College of Pharmacy and Integrated Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon 14662, Korea; (C.B.L.); (S.U.C.); (S.J.J.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-2-2164-4054
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Zhao L, Ma P, Peng Y, Wang M, Peng C, Zhang Y, Li X. Amelioration of hyperglycaemia and hyperlipidaemia by adjusting the interplay between gut microbiota and bile acid metabolism: Radix Scutellariae as a case. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 83:153477. [PMID: 33545549 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2021.153477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Revised: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Our previous clinical research showed that the interaction between gut microbiota and bile acids (BAs) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) changed significantly. We hypothesized that T2DM could be improved by adjusting this interaction mediated by farnesoid X receptor (FXR). T2DM belongs to the category of "xiaoke" in traditional Chinese medicine. Radix scutellariae has the effects of clearing away heat and eliminating dampness, curing jaundice and quenching thirst and is widely used alone or in combination with other medicines for the treatment of T2DM in China and throughout Asia. Additionally, the interaction between Radix scutellariae and gut microbiota may influence its efficacy in the treatment of T2DM. PURPOSE This study chose Radix scutellariae to validate that T2DM could improve by adjusting the interaction between gut microbiota and bile acid metabolism. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS Radix scutellariae water extract (WESB) was administered to a T2DM rat model established by a high-fat diet combined with streptozotocin. The body weight and blood glucose and insulin levels were measured. The levels of serum lipids, creatinine, uric acid, albumin and total bile acid were also detected. Changes in the pathology and histology of the pancreas, liver and kidney were observed by haematoxylin-eosin staining. The 16S rRNAs of gut microbiota were sequenced, and the faecal and serum BAs were determined by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. The expression levels of BA metabolism-associated proteins in the liver and intestine were evaluated by immunoblot analysis. RESULTS The results showed that WESB improved hyperglycaemia, hyperlipaemia, and liver and kidney damage in T2DM rats. In addition, the abundances of key gut microbiota and the concentrations of certain secondary BAs in faeces and serum were restored. Moreover, there was a significant correlation between the restored gut microbiota and BAs, which might be related to the activation of liver cholesterol 7α-hydroxylase (CYP7A1) and the inhibition of FXR expression in the intestine rather than the liver. CONCLUSIONS This study provided new ideas for the prevention or treatment of clinical diabetes and its complications by adjusting the interaction between gut microbiota and bile acid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijuan Zhao
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China; Department of Clinical Pharmacy, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Ping Ma
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Ying Peng
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Mengyue Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Chongsheng Peng
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Yulong Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Xiaobo Li
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China.
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Duca FA, Waise TMZ, Peppler WT, Lam TKT. The metabolic impact of small intestinal nutrient sensing. Nat Commun 2021; 12:903. [PMID: 33568676 PMCID: PMC7876101 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-21235-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The gastrointestinal tract maintains energy and glucose homeostasis, in part through nutrient-sensing and subsequent signaling to the brain and other tissues. In this review, we highlight the role of small intestinal nutrient-sensing in metabolic homeostasis, and link high-fat feeding, obesity, and diabetes with perturbations in these gut-brain signaling pathways. We identify how lipids, carbohydrates, and proteins, initiate gut peptide release from the enteroendocrine cells through small intestinal sensing pathways, and how these peptides regulate food intake, glucose tolerance, and hepatic glucose production. Lastly, we highlight how the gut microbiota impact small intestinal nutrient-sensing in normal physiology, and in disease, pharmacological and surgical settings. Emerging evidence indicates that the molecular mechanisms of small intestinal nutrient sensing in metabolic homeostasis have physiological and pathological impact as well as therapeutic potential in obesity and diabetes. The gastrointestinal tract participates in maintaining metabolic homeostasis in part through nutrient-sensing and subsequent gut-brain signalling. Here the authors review the role of small intestinal nutrient-sensing in regulation of energy intake and systemic glucose metabolism, and link high-fat diet, obesity and diabetes with perturbations in these pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank A Duca
- BIO5 Institute, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA. .,School of Animal and Comparative Biomedical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA.
| | - T M Zaved Waise
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, UHN, Toronto, Canada
| | - Willem T Peppler
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, UHN, Toronto, Canada
| | - Tony K T Lam
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, UHN, Toronto, Canada. .,Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada. .,Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada. .,Banting and Best Diabetes Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.
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Gheorghe CE, Ritz NL, Martin JA, Wardill HR, Cryan JF, Clarke G. Investigating causality with fecal microbiota transplantation in rodents: applications, recommendations and pitfalls. Gut Microbes 2021; 13:1941711. [PMID: 34328058 PMCID: PMC8331043 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2021.1941711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Revised: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, studies investigating the role of the gut microbiota in health and diseases have increased enormously - making it essential to deepen and question the research methodology employed. Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) in rodent studies (either from human or animal donors) allows us to better understand the causal role of the intestinal microbiota across multiple fields. However, this technique lacks standardization and requires careful experimental design in order to obtain optimal results. By comparing several studies in which rodents are the final recipients of FMT, we summarize the common practices employed. In this review, we document the limitations of this method and highlight different parameters to be considered while designing FMT Studies. Standardizing this method is challenging, as it differs according to the research topic, but avoiding common pitfalls is feasible. Several methodological questions remain unanswered to this day and we offer a discussion on issues to be explored in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cassandra E. Gheorghe
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioral Science, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Nathaniel L. Ritz
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Jason A. Martin
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioral Science, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Hannah R. Wardill
- Precision Medicine, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute (SAHMRI), Adelaide, Australia
- Adelaide Medical School, the University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - John F. Cryan
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioral Science, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Gerard Clarke
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioral Science, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- INFANT Research Centre, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
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Liu Y, Jiang Q, Liu Z, Shen S, Ai J, Zhu Y, Zhou L. Alteration of Gut Microbiota Relates to Metabolic Disorders in Primary Aldosteronism Patients. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:667951. [PMID: 34484110 PMCID: PMC8415980 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.667951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aimed to determine the relationships among gut microbiota, primary aldosteronism (PA), and related metabolic disorders. METHODS The study enrolled 13 PA patients, 26 sex-matched primary hypertension patients, and 26 sex-matched healthy controls. Demographic and clinical characteristics such as age, body mass index (BMI), blood aldosterone-renin ratio, blood potassium, blood glucose, blood lipid parameters, and history of diabetes mellitus (DM) were compared between the three groups. The gut microbiota of each participant was examined by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Spearman correlation analysis was performed to demonstrate the relationship between gut microbiota and clinical characteristics. RESULTS BMI and the percentage of DM in PA patients were higher than those in healthy controls (p < 0.05), but not higher than those in primary hypertension patients (p > 0.05). The gut microbiota of healthy controls and primary hypertension patients had a higher alpha diversity level than that of PA patients. PA patients had fewer short-chain fatty acid (SCFA)-producing genera (Prevotella, Blautia, Coprococcus, Anaerostipes, and Ruminococcus) and more inflammation-associated genera (Megamonas, Sutterella, and Streptococcus) than healthy controls (p < 0.05). The gut microbiota of PA patients was more inclined to encode microbial pathways involved in sugar metabolism, such as starch and sucrose metabolism and fructose and mannose metabolism. Blood potassium was negatively correlated with the relative abundance of Romboutsia (R = -0.364, q = 0.023). Diastolic blood pressure (DBP) was positively correlated with Romboutsia (R = 0.386, q = 0.015). Systolic blood pressure (SBP) was negatively correlated with Blautia (R = -0.349, q = 0.030). CONCLUSIONS The alteration of gut microbiota in PA patients, especially bacteria and pathways involved in inflammation, SCFAs, and sugar metabolism, may be associated with chronic metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Yuchun Zhu
- *Correspondence: Yuchun Zhu, ; Liang Zhou,
| | - Liang Zhou
- *Correspondence: Yuchun Zhu, ; Liang Zhou,
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Wang XJ, Chen BY, Yang BW, Yue TL, Guo CF. Short communication: Chemical structure, concentration, and pH are key factors influencing antimicrobial activity of conjugated bile acids against lactobacilli. J Dairy Sci 2020; 104:1524-1530. [PMID: 33246627 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2020-19293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Effects of chemical structure, concentration, and pH on antimicrobial activity of conjugated bile acids were investigated in 4 strains of lactobacilli. Considerable differences were observed in the antimicrobial activity between the 6 human conjugated bile acids, including glycocholic acid, taurocholic acid, glycodeoxycholic acid, taurodeoxycholic acid, glycochenodeoxycholic acid, and taurochenodeoxycholic acid. Glycodeoxycholic acid and glycochenodeoxycholic acid generally showed significantly higher antimicrobial activity against the lactobacilli, but glycocholic acid and taurocholic acid exhibited the significantly lower antimicrobial activity. Glycochenodeoxycholic acid was selected for further analysis, and the results showed its antimicrobial activity was concentration-dependent, and there was a significantly negative linear correlation (R2 > 0.98) between bile-antimicrobial index and logarithmic concentration of the bile acid for each strain of lactobacilli. Additionally, the antimicrobial activity of glycochenodeoxycholic acid was also observed to be pH-dependent, and it was significantly enhanced with the decreasing pH, with the result that all the strains of lactobacilli were unable to grow at pH 5.0. In conclusion, chemical structure, concentration, and pH are key factors influencing antimicrobial activity of conjugated bile acids against lactobacilli. This study provides theoretical guidance and technology support for developing a scientific method for evaluating the bile tolerance ability of potentially probiotic strains of lactobacilli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Jiao Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Bing-Yan Chen
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Bao-Wei Yang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Tian-Li Yue
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Chun-Feng Guo
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China.
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Small intestinal taurochenodeoxycholic acid-FXR axis alters local nutrient-sensing glucoregulatory pathways in rats. Mol Metab 2020; 44:101132. [PMID: 33264656 PMCID: PMC7753965 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2020.101132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Revised: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The mechanism of nutrient sensing in the upper small intestine (USI) and ileum that regulates glucose homeostasis remains elusive. Short-term high-fat (HF) feeding increases taurochenodeoxycholic acid (TCDCA; an agonist of farnesoid X receptor (FXR)) in the USI and ileum of rats, and the increase of TCDCA is prevented by transplantation of microbiota obtained from the USI of healthy donors into the USI of HF rats. However, whether changes of TCDCA-FXR axis in the USI and ileum alter nutrient sensing remains unknown. Methods Intravenous glucose tolerance test was performed in rats that received USI or ileal infusion of nutrients (i.e., oleic acids or glucose) via catheters placed toward the lumen of USI and/or ileum, while mechanistic gain- and loss-of-function studies targeting the TCDCA-FXR axis or bile salt hydrolase activity in USI and ileum were performed. Results USI or ileum infusion of nutrients increased glucose tolerance in healthy but not HF rats. Transplantation of healthy microbiome obtained from USI into the USI of HF rats restored nutrient sensing and inhibited FXR via a reduction of TCDCA in the USI and ileum. Further, inhibition of USI and ileal FXR enhanced nutrient sensing in HF rats, while inhibiting USI (but not ileal) bile salt hydrolase of HF rats transplanted with healthy microbiome activated FXR and disrupted nutrient sensing in the USI and ileum. Conclusions We reveal a TCDCA-FXR axis in both the USI and ileum that is necessary for the upper small intestinal microbiome to govern local nutrient-sensing glucoregulatory pathways in rats. Upper small intestinal infusion of oleic acid or glucose increases glucose tolerance in healthy but not HF-fed rats. Ileal infusion of oleic acid or glucose increases glucose tolerance in healthy but not HF-fed rats. Upper small intestinal healthy microbiome transplant enhances nutrient sensing and inhibits FXR via reduced TCDCA levels. Inhibition of FXR in the upper small intestine or ileum enhances oleic acid sensing to increase glucose tolerance. Inhibition of upper small intestinal bile salt hydrolase negates oleic acid sensing and activates FXR in the small intestine.
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Duca FA, Lam TK. Bye, bye, bile: how altered bile acid composition changes small intestinal lipid sensing. Gut 2020; 69:1549-1550. [PMID: 32303610 PMCID: PMC8237715 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2020-320873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Revised: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Frank A. Duca
- BIO5 Institute, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona,School of Animal and Comparative Biomedical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Tony K.T. Lam
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, UHN, Toronto, Canada,Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
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Li M, Liu S, Wang M, Hu H, Yin J, Liu C, Huang Y. Gut Microbiota Dysbiosis Associated with Bile Acid Metabolism in Neonatal Cholestasis Disease. Sci Rep 2020; 10:7686. [PMID: 32377002 PMCID: PMC7203226 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-64728-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Neonatal cholestasis disease (NCD) is a complex and easily mis-diagnosed condition. We analyzed microbiota community structure in feces and measured short-chain fatty acids, bile acids (BAs) and liver function of 12 healthy, 13 NCD, and 13 treated infants after diagnosis. Based on 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing and gas-chromatographic-mass-spectrometric analysis of secondary BAs, we identified microbial genera and metabolites that associate with abnormal bile secretion. Streptococcus gallolyticus and Parabacteroides distasonis, and Lactobacillus gasseri had higher relative abundance in healthy and NCD infants respectively. Compared to NCD patients, healthy infants had higher LCA, CDCA and GCDCA fecal concentrations. The three microbial species and three secondary bile acids were selected as potential non-invasive combined biomarkers to diagnose NCD. We propose that microbiota-metabolite combined biomarkers could be used for diagnosis of NCD, and this may contribute to improved early clinical diagnosis of NCD in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Li
- Department of Pediatrics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University and Yunnan Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, 650032, Kunming, China
| | - Sixiang Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Children's Hospital of Kunming Medical University, 650034, Kunming, China
| | - Mingying Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Children's Hospital of Kunming Medical University, 650034, Kunming, China
| | - Hongwei Hu
- Department of Pediatrics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University and Yunnan Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, 650032, Kunming, China
| | - Jianwen Yin
- Yunnan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 650100, Kunming, China
| | - Chuanfa Liu
- Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 650000, Kunming, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, China.
| | - Yongkun Huang
- Department of Pediatrics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University and Yunnan Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, 650032, Kunming, China.
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Lactobacillus fermentum CECT5716 Supplementation in Rats during Pregnancy and Lactation Impacts Maternal and Offspring Lipid Profile, Immune System and Microbiota. Cells 2020; 9:cells9030575. [PMID: 32121244 PMCID: PMC7140451 DOI: 10.3390/cells9030575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Revised: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Probiotics have shown potential for their use in early life. This study aimed to investigate whether the administration of Lactobacillus fermentum CECT5716 during pregnancy and lactation periods impacts maternal and offspring plasma lipid profile, immune system and microbiota. Rats were supplemented with the probiotic during gestation and two weeks of lactation. After supplementation, although the microbiota composition was not affected, the probiotic strain was detected in all cecal contents of dams and in some of their pups. Dams showed reduced proportion of T cytotoxic cells in the mesenteric lymph nodes, modulation of intestinal cytokines (IL-10 and IL-12) and changes in plasma fatty acids (20:0, 22:0, 20:5 n-3, and 18:3 n-6). Pups showed changes in immunoglobulins (intestinal IgA and plasmatic IgG2a and IgG2c) and fatty acid profile (17:0, 22:0, and 18:2 n-6). Overall, Lactobacillus fermentum CECT5716 supplementation contributed to beneficially modulating the immune system of the mother and its offspring.
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Sun Q, Zhang Y, Li Z, Yan H, Li J, Wan X. Mechanism analysis of improved glucose homeostasis and cholesterol metabolism in high-fat-induced obese mice treated with La-SJLH001 via transcriptomics and culturomics. Food Funct 2019; 10:3556-3566. [PMID: 31157351 DOI: 10.1039/c9fo00205g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the functional and probiotic properties of Lactobacillus acidophilus SJLH001 (La-SJLH001) isolated from fermented food via mechanism analysis based on transcriptomics and culturomics. La-SJLH001 exhibited good tolerance to acid and bile salt conditions with anti-diabetic ability and cholesterol assimilation activity in vitro. Supplementation with La-SJLH001 also resulted in a significant reduction in host oral glucose and serum total cholesterol levels in vivo. Transcriptome profiles and qPCR analysis suggested that La-SJLH001 significantly regulated the transcription of key genes involved in glucose transportation, cholesterol metabolism, ion channels, and immune response, resulting in improved glucose homeostasis and cholesterol metabolism. La-SJLH001 significantly affected the structure of intestinal microbiota when analyzed by using culturomics coupled with MALDI-TOF MS. These results indicated that La-SJLH001 may be a mechanistic target for the control of diabetes with great potential in the application of probiotic products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Sun
- Biology and Agriculture Research Center, University of Science and Technology Beijing, 7th Floor of Complex Building, Guanzhuang Campus, USTB, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100024, China.
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Roelands J, Garand M, Hinchcliff E, Ma Y, Shah P, Toufiq M, Alfaki M, Hendrickx W, Boughorbel S, Rinchai D, Jazaeri A, Bedognetti D, Chaussabel D. Long-Chain Acyl-CoA Synthetase 1 Role in Sepsis and Immunity: Perspectives From a Parallel Review of Public Transcriptome Datasets and of the Literature. Front Immunol 2019; 10:2410. [PMID: 31681299 PMCID: PMC6813721 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2019] [Accepted: 09/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A potential role for the long-chain acyl-CoA synthetase family member 1 (ACSL1) in the immunobiology of sepsis was explored during a hands-on training workshop. Participants first assessed the robustness of the potential gap in biomedical knowledge identified via an initial screen of public transcriptome data and of the literature associated with ACSL1. Increase in ACSL1 transcript abundance during sepsis was confirmed in several independent datasets. Querying the ACSL1 literature also confirmed the absence of reports associating ACSL1 with sepsis. Inferences drawn from both the literature (via indirect associations) and public transcriptome data (via correlation) point to the likely participation of ACSL1 and ACSL4, another family member, in inflammasome activation in neutrophils during sepsis. Furthermore, available clinical data indicate that levels of ACSL1 and ACSL4 induction was significantly higher in fatal cases of sepsis. This denotes potential translational relevance and is consistent with involvement in pathways driving potentially deleterious systemic inflammation. Finally, while ACSL1 expression was induced in blood in vitro by a wide range of pathogen-derived factors as well as TNF, induction of ACSL4 appeared restricted to flagellated bacteria and pathogen-derived TLR5 agonists and IFNG. Taken together, this joint review of public literature and omics data records points to two members of the acyl-CoA synthetase family potentially playing a role in inflammasome activation in neutrophils. Translational relevance of these observations in the context of sepsis and other inflammatory conditions remain to be investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Roelands
- Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar.,Department of Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | | | - Emily Hinchcliff
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology and Reproductive Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Ying Ma
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Parin Shah
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Amir Jazaeri
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology and Reproductive Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
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Yan S, Shi R, Li L, Ma S, Zhang H, Ye J, Wang J, Pan J, Wang Q, Jin X, Liu X, Liu Z. Mannan Oligosaccharide Suppresses Lipid Accumulation and Appetite in Western-Diet-Induced Obese Mice Via Reshaping Gut Microbiome and Enhancing Short-Chain Fatty Acids Production. Mol Nutr Food Res 2019; 63:e1900521. [PMID: 31487425 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201900521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2019] [Revised: 08/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE Obesity is associated with gut microbiome dysbiosis. Mannose oligosaccharide (MOS) has been reported to be a potential prebiotic. The present study is aimed to determine the effects of MOS on western-diet-induced obesity and to uncover the mediating roles of the gut microbiota and microbial metabolites. METHODS AND RESULTS Three-month-old male ICR mice are fed with a high-fat and high-fructose diet for 8 weeks. The diet-induced obese mice are then orally administrated with MOS (100 and 200 mg kg-1 d-1 ) for 4 weeks. MOS significantly reduces bodyweight gain, insulin resistance, fatty liver, and inflammatory responses in obese mice. MOS also stimulates lipolysis and inhibits lipogenesis in the adipose tissues. Moreover, MOS restructures the gut microbiome by enhancing the abundance of Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus in obese mice. The microbial metabolite SCFAs are also increased in the feces and serum. Correlation analysis indicates that the appetite suppression and lipid-lowering effects of MOS are highly correlated with the butyrate levels. CONCLUSION MOS suppresses the appetite, which results in less lipid deposition. The lower appetite is likely due to an altered gut microbiome and elevated SCFAs production. MOS may be a potential nutraceutical used in body weight management and gut health improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shikai Yan
- Laboratory of Functional Chemistry and Nutrition of Food, College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Renjie Shi
- Laboratory of Functional Chemistry and Nutrition of Food, College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Ling Li
- Laboratory of Functional Chemistry and Nutrition of Food, College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Shaobo Ma
- Laboratory of Functional Chemistry and Nutrition of Food, College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Hongbo Zhang
- Laboratory of Functional Chemistry and Nutrition of Food, College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Jin Ye
- Laboratory of Functional Chemistry and Nutrition of Food, College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Jiamin Wang
- Laboratory of Functional Chemistry and Nutrition of Food, College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Junru Pan
- Laboratory of Functional Chemistry and Nutrition of Food, College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Qianxu Wang
- Laboratory of Functional Chemistry and Nutrition of Food, College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Xiang Jin
- Xi'an Yuensun Biological Technology Co., Ltd. Pioneering R&D Park, Xi'an, 710075, China
| | - Xuebo Liu
- Laboratory of Functional Chemistry and Nutrition of Food, College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Zhigang Liu
- Laboratory of Functional Chemistry and Nutrition of Food, College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China
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Zeng T, Cui H, Tang D, Garside GB, Wang Y, Wu J, Tao Z, Zhang L, Tao S. Short-term dietary restriction in old mice rejuvenates the aging-induced structural imbalance of gut microbiota. Biogerontology 2019; 20:837-848. [PMID: 31401701 PMCID: PMC6790194 DOI: 10.1007/s10522-019-09830-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The world’s aging population is growing rapidly. Incidences of multiple pathologies, such as abdominal obesity, cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, type 2 diabetes, and malignant neoplasms, increase sharply with age. Aged individuals possess a significantly shifted composition of gut microbiota, which is suggested to play important roles in aging associated pathologies. Whether the existing shifted structural composition of microbiota in aged populations can be reverted non-pharmacologically has not been studied so far. Here, we show an intestinal flora imbalance in old C57BL/6J mice with a remarkable dominant proportion of microbes promoting lipid metabolism and inflammation. Intriguingly, short-term (2 months) dietary restriction was enough to significantly revert the imbalance of intestinal flora in aged mice toward a more balanced structural composition as shown in young mice. Our study provides the first evidence that short-term dietary restriction in old mice can restore the already dysfunctional aged gut microbiota. Our study provides the first evidence that short-term dietary restriction in old mice can restore the already dysfunctional aged gut microbiota, which may help ameliorate aging-related disorders plaguing the vast elderly population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Zeng
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Clinical and Translational Cancer Research, Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiangxi, China.,Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Min-De Road. 1, 330006, Nanchang City, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Hui Cui
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Clinical and Translational Cancer Research, Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiangxi, China.,Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Min-De Road. 1, 330006, Nanchang City, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Duozhuang Tang
- Department of Hematology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiangxi, China
| | - George B Garside
- Leibniz Institute on Aging - Fritz Lipmann Institute (FLI), Jena, Germany
| | - Yiting Wang
- Department of Hematology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiangxi, China
| | - Jianying Wu
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Clinical and Translational Cancer Research, Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiangxi, China.,Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Min-De Road. 1, 330006, Nanchang City, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Zhendong Tao
- Department of Medical Laboratory Medicine, Jiangxi Province Hospital of Integrated Chinese & Western Medicine, Jiangxi, China
| | - Liu Zhang
- Intensive Care Unit, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Si Tao
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Min-De Road. 1, 330006, Nanchang City, Jiangxi Province, China.
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Rossi Sebastiano M, Konstantinidou G. Targeting Long Chain Acyl-CoA Synthetases for Cancer Therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E3624. [PMID: 31344914 PMCID: PMC6696099 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20153624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Revised: 07/22/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The deregulation of cancer cell metabolic networks is now recognized as one of the hallmarks of cancer. Abnormal lipid synthesis and extracellular lipid uptake are advantageous modifications fueling the needs of uncontrolled cancer cell proliferation. Fatty acids are placed at the crossroads of anabolic and catabolic pathways, as they are implicated in the synthesis of phospholipids and triacylglycerols, or they can undergo β-oxidation. Key players to these decisions are the long-chain acyl-CoA synthetases, which are enzymes that catalyze the activation of long-chain fatty acids of 12-22 carbons. Importantly, the long-chain acyl-CoA synthetases are deregulated in many types of tumors, providing a rationale for anti-tumor therapeutic opportunities. The purpose of this review is to summarize the last up-to-date findings regarding their role in cancer, and to discuss the related emerging tumor targeting opportunities.
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Abstract
Metformin is a first-line glucose-lowering agent in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D). Recently in Nature Medicine, Sun et al. (2018) reported that short-term metformin therapy decreases gut Bacteroides fragilis, consequently increasing glycoursodexoycholic acid (GUDCA) levels in humans. As an antagonist of FXR, GUDCA may carry therapeutic potential in the treatment of T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Z I Cherney
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, UHN, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada; Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada; Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada; Banting and Best Diabetes Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 2C4, Canada; Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, UHN, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Tony K T Lam
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, UHN, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada; Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada; Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada; Banting and Best Diabetes Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 2C4, Canada.
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