1
|
Eng Hui E, Ooi PB, Chow SK, Hwang JS, Peh SC, Teh JKL, Wu SL, Wan Ghazali WS, Ching SM. A survey exploring the nexus of psychological traits, nature connection, and quality of life among patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Health Psychol Behav Med 2024; 12:2377716. [PMID: 39010867 PMCID: PMC11249149 DOI: 10.1080/21642850.2024.2377716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 06/29/2024] [Indexed: 07/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Background As the recognition of psychological factors in chronic illness management grows, this study examined the interplay of psychological traits - grit, self-efficacy, resilience, and nature-relatedness - and their collective impact on the Quality of Life (QoL) among patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in Malaysia. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted among 222 patients with RA at a private hospital in Malaysia. Utilizing validated scales, including the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale, Short Grit Scale, Nature Relatedness Scale, and Arthritis Self Efficacy Scale, data were collected. Pearson Product-moment Correlation analyses assessed the relationships between variables, and a multiple mediation analysis explored the mediating effects of resilience, grit, and self-efficacy on the relationship between nature-relatedness and QoL. Findings Of the 222 participants (86% female, mean age = 56.03, S.D. = 13.42), the analysis revealed a significant mediating role of resilience in the relationship between nature-relatedness and QoL among RA patients (b = -.117, SE = .042, 95% BCa CI [-.208, -.046]). Although grit and self-efficacy positively correlated with QoL, they did not serve as significant mediators in the nature-relatedness - QoL relationship. This highlights the pivotal role of building a sense of resiliency among patients with RA. Interpretation Individuals with RA are not only resilient in terms of their psychological traits such as grit, self-efficacy, and general resilience but also exhibit resilience in their connection and interaction with the natural environment (nature-relatedness). This holistic concept recognizes that fostering resilience in both psychological aspects and the context of one's environment is crucial for promoting overall well-being, particularly in the management of chronic illnesses like RA. It emphasizes the interconnectedness of psychological factors and environmental engagement in contributing to an individual's ability to cope and thrive despite health challenges.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ellern Eng Hui
- Department of Psychology, School of Medical and Life Sciences, Sunway University, Bandar Sunway, Malaysia
| | - Pei Boon Ooi
- Department of Medical Sciences, School of Medical and Life Sciences, Sunway University, Bandar Sunway, Malaysia
- Future Cities Research Institute, Sunway University, Bandar Sunway, Malaysia
| | | | - Jung Shan Hwang
- Department of Medical Sciences, School of Medical and Life Sciences, Sunway University, Bandar Sunway, Malaysia
| | - Suat Cheng Peh
- Department of Medical Sciences, School of Medical and Life Sciences, Sunway University, Bandar Sunway, Malaysia
| | - Jane Kimm Lii Teh
- Department of Actuarial Science and Risk, School of Mathematical Sciences, Sunway University, Bandar Sunway, Malaysia
| | - Shin Ling Wu
- Department of Psychology, School of Medical and Life Sciences, Sunway University, Bandar Sunway, Malaysia
| | | | - Siew Mooi Ching
- Department of Medical Sciences, School of Medical and Life Sciences, Sunway University, Bandar Sunway, Malaysia
- Department of Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Kajang, Malaysia
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Cahill S, Hager R, Shryane N. Patterns of resilient functioning in early life: Identifying distinct groups and associated factors. Dev Psychopathol 2023:1-21. [PMID: 37848396 DOI: 10.1017/s0954579423001165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2023]
Abstract
Resilience, the capacity to maintain or regain functionality in the face of adversity, is a dynamic process influenced by individual, familial, and community factors. Despite its variability, distinct resilience trajectories can be identified within populations, yet the predictors defining these distinct groups remains largely unclear. Here, using data from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ages 0-18), we quantify resilience as the remaining variance in psychosocial functioning after taking into account the exposure to adversity. Growth mixture modeling identified seven distinct resilience trajectories, with over half of the study population maintaining resilience throughout early life. Factors increasing the likelihood of resilient trajectory membership included a less emotional temperament, high cognitive abilities, high self-esteem, low levels of autistic social traits, strong sibling relationships, high maternal care, and positive school experiences. Among the socioeconomic factors considered, maternal education - a significant indicator of socioeconomic status - and birth-order were associated with resilient trajectories. Our findings underscore the importance of fostering cognitive abilities, self-esteem, social relationships, positive school experiences, and extracurricular engagement to bolster resilience in adversity-exposed individuals and communities. This research informs resilience-focused interventions in mental health, education, and social policy sectors, and prompts further exploration of socioeconomic influences on resilience trajectories.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Cahill
- Evolution, Infection and Genomics, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, MA, UK
- Faculty of Humanities, Cathie Marsh Institute for Social Research, University of Manchester, Manchester, MA, UK
| | - Reinmar Hager
- Evolution, Infection and Genomics, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, MA, UK
| | - Nick Shryane
- Faculty of Humanities, Cathie Marsh Institute for Social Research, University of Manchester, Manchester, MA, UK
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Liang MZ, Liu ML, Tang Y, Molassiotis A, Knobf MT, Chen P, Hu GY, Sun Z, Yu YL, Ye ZJ. Heterogeneity in resilience patterns and its prediction of 1-year quality of life outcomes among patients with newly diagnosed cancer: An exploratory piecewise growth mixture model analysis. Eur J Oncol Nurs 2023; 66:102374. [PMID: 37499404 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejon.2023.102374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2022] [Revised: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study was designed to explore the impact of a new cancer diagnosis on resilience of patients and whether the resilience patterns could predict Quality of Life (QoL) in the first year. METHODS An exploratory linear piecewise growth mixture modeling (PGMM) with one hypothetical dot (3 months since diagnosis, T1) was employed to identify different resilience patterns and growth in 289 patients with different cancer diagnoses at five assessment occasions (T0-T4). Logistic regression analysis was performed to select potential predictors and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was utilized to test PGMM's discriminative ability against 1-year QoL. RESULTS Five discrete resilience trajectories with two growing trends were identified, including "Transcendence" (7.3%), "Resilient" (47.4%), "Recovery" (18.7%), "Damaged" (14.9%) and "Maladaption" (11.8%). Advanced stage, colorectal cancer, and receiving surgery therapy were significant predictors of negative resilience trajectories ("Damaged" or "Maladaption"). Discriminative ability was good for PGMM (AUC = 0.81, 95%CI, 0.76-0.85, P < 0.0001). CONCLUSION Heterogeneity is identified in resilience growth before and after 3 months since diagnosis. 26.7% newly diagnosed patients need additional attention especially for those with advanced colorectal cancer and receiving surgery therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mu Zi Liang
- Guangdong Academy of Population Development, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mei Ling Liu
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ying Tang
- Institute of Tumor, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Alex Molassiotis
- College of Arts, Humanities and Education, University of Derby, Derby, United Kingdom
| | - M Tish Knobf
- School of Nursing, Yale University, Orange, CT, United States
| | - Peng Chen
- Basic Medical School, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, China
| | - Guang Yun Hu
- Army Medical University, Chongqing Municipality, China
| | - Zhe Sun
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuan Liang Yu
- South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zeng Jie Ye
- School of Nursing, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Köhler-Dauner F, Peter L, Fegert JM, Ziegenhain U, Buchheim A. The role of attachment representation in the relationship between childhood maltreatment, mental health and parental load: A mediation analysis. CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT 2023; 144:106334. [PMID: 37454555 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2023.106334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Franziska Köhler-Dauner
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychotherapy, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany.
| | - Lena Peter
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychotherapy, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Jörg M Fegert
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychotherapy, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Ute Ziegenhain
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychotherapy, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Anna Buchheim
- Institute of Psychology, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Collier S, Bryce I. A Systematic Literature Review of the Teaching Considerations and Practices Provided to Children in an Education Setting with Comorbid Disability and Developmental Trauma. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 10:1289. [PMID: 37628288 PMCID: PMC10453141 DOI: 10.3390/children10081289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2023] [Revised: 07/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
Developmental trauma and disability are frequently co-occurring lived experiences for children and young people. The present research explores the considerations and practices for pedagogy provided to children with a disability and who have experienced developmental trauma in an educational setting. A systematic literature review was conducted to explore and synthesise the current evidence base that exists relating to the considerations for quality teaching practice for this cohort of students within schools. Findings revealed five key themes, which contribute to an understanding of considerations and practices for teaching students with childhood trauma experiences whilst considering an additional dimension intersecting with disabilities including mental ill-health. The findings of this study broaden the understanding of the complexities facing the education sector in ensuring inclusion principles are enacted to increase impact and improve outcomes for these students with multiple and complex needs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Simone Collier
- School of Education, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, QLD 4300, Australia;
| | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Jayakrishnan K, Baruah A, Kumar P, Javeth A. Scales and Interventions for Resilience among Treatment-Seeking Patients with Depression: A Systematic Review. J Caring Sci 2023; 12:84-93. [PMID: 37469753 PMCID: PMC10352640 DOI: 10.34172/jcs.2023.31964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Resilience is an ability of an individual to effectively adjust and thrive in adverse stressful conditions. Resilience has protective and compensatory effects against depression. Evaluating resilience clinically and modifying it among patients with depression hugely impacts their prognosis. We aimed to explore different clinical scales for measuring resilience as well as interventions used with an intent to improve resilience among patients with depression. Methods A systematic literature review was conducted by searching PubMed central, Biomed central, and google scholar, using relevant MeSH keywords. The population of interest were the patients who were clinically diagnosed with Bipolar or Unipolar Depression and the population were not restricted to any country. Clinical scales for evaluation and interventions for resilience among patients with depression were set as an outcome of the study. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs), Quasi-experimental studies, observational studies, and narrative reviews were considered relevant research designs for extraction. Results A total of 8689 articles were identified and 13 articles were included in the final review, which yielded five scales that have been identified and have been used to evaluate resilience among the patients who are clinically diagnosed with depression and six different interventions for building resilience among patients with depression. Conclusion Resilience-building interventions will not only act as a preventive measure against depression but also help in promoting recovery and sustaining remission after a depressive episode. Clinical evaluation of resilience and management will significantly support boosting emotional experience.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Arunjyoti Baruah
- Department of Psychiatric Nursing, LGBRIMH, Tezpur, Assam, India
| | - Pankaj Kumar
- Department of Psychiatry, AIIMS Patna, Patna, Bihar, India
| | - Athar Javeth
- College of Nursing, AIIMS Kalyani, West Bengal, India
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Liang MZ, Chen P, Knobf MT, Molassiotis A, Tang Y, Hu GY, Sun Z, Yu YL, Ye ZJ. Measuring resilience by cognitive diagnosis models and its prediction of 6-month quality of life in Be Resilient to Breast Cancer (BRBC). Front Psychiatry 2023; 14:1102258. [PMID: 36873211 PMCID: PMC9978149 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1102258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective The application of advanced Cognitive Diagnosis Models (CDMs) in the Patient Reported Outcome (PRO) is limited due to its complex statistics. This study was designed to measure resilience using CDMs and its prediction of 6-month Quality of Life (QoL) in breast cancer. Methods A total of 492 patients were longitudinally enrolled from Be Resilient to Breast Cancer (BRBC) and administered with 10-item Resilience Scale Specific to Cancer (RS-SC-10) and Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-Breast (FACT-B). Generalized Deterministic Input, Noisy "And" Gate (G-DINA) was performed to measure cognitive diagnostic probabilities (CDPs) of resilience. Integrated Discrimination Improvement (IDI) and Net Reclassification Improvement (NRI) were utilized to estimate the incremental prediction value of cognitive diagnostic probabilities over total score. Results CDPs of resilience improved prediction of 6-month QoL above conventional total score. AUC increased from 82.6-88.8% to 95.2-96.5% in four cohorts (all P < 0.001). The NRI ranged from 15.13 to 54.01% and IDI ranged from 24.69 to 47.55% (all P < 0.001). Conclusion CDPs of resilience contribute to a more accurate prediction of 6-month QoL above conventional total score. CDMs could help optimize Patient Reported Outcomes (PROs) measurement in breast cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mu Zi Liang
- Guangdong Academy of Population Development, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Peng Chen
- Basic Medical School, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, China
| | - M. Tish Knobf
- School of Nursing, Yale University, Orange, CT, United States
| | - Alex Molassiotis
- College of Arts, Humanities and Education, University of Derby, Derby, United Kingdom
| | - Ying Tang
- Institute of Tumor, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guang Yun Hu
- School of Nursing, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhe Sun
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yuan Liang Yu
- Mental Health Education and Counseling Center, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zeng Jie Ye
- School of Nursing, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- *Correspondence: Zeng Jie Ye,
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Berthelot N, Savard C, Lemieux R, Garon-Bissonnette J, Ensink K, Godbout N. Development and validation of a self-report measure assessing failures in the mentalization of trauma and adverse relationships. CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT 2022; 128:105017. [PMID: 33692012 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2021.105017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 01/31/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The way people process trauma and adverse relationships may be more predictive of subsequent adaptation than trauma exposure in itself. However, there is currently no self-report instrument assessing failures in the mentalization of trauma and adverse relationships. OBJECTIVE We developed the Failure to Mentalize Trauma Questionnaire (FMTQ) and evaluated its psychometric properties. The FMTQ is a 29-item self-report instrument designed to assess different indications of failures in the mentalization of trauma and adverse relationships. PARTICIPANTS AND SETTING A total of 975 participants (84 % women; 37 % exposed to child maltreatment) were recruited in the course of larger research protocols on parenting. METHODS Participants completed the FMTQ and measures of childhood maltreatment, psychopathology (post-traumatic stress symptoms, dissociative symptoms, level of personality dysfunction), general mentalization and intimate partner violence. RESULTS Exploratory factor analysis, supported by a confirmatory factor analysis, identified seven factors with good internal consistency that corresponded to different types of failures in the mentalization of trauma and adverse relationships and that loaded on a general factor. A dose-effect association was observed between the severity of childhood maltreatment, and the severity of failures in the mentalization of trauma and adverse relationships (rs = .49, p < .01). The FMTQ total score explained a significant proportion of variance in psychopathology and intimate partner violence, both in participants with histories of childhood maltreatment and participants without childhood maltreatment. CONCLUSION The FMTQ is a promising, concise and efficient measure of failures in the mentalization of trauma and adverse relationships that may facilitate clinical screening and research with adults who experienced trauma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Berthelot
- Department of Nursing Sciences, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Canada; Centre d'études interdisciplinaires sur le développement de l'enfant et la famille, Canada; CERVO Brain Research Center, Canada; Interdisciplinary Research Center on Intimate Relationship Problems and Sexual Abuse, Canada; Groupe de recherche et d'intervention auprès de l'enfant vulnérable et négligé, Canada.
| | - Claudia Savard
- Department of Educational Fundamentals and Practices, Université Laval, Canada; CERVO Brain Research Center, Canada; Interdisciplinary Research Center on Intimate Relationship Problems and Sexual Abuse, Canada
| | - Roxanne Lemieux
- Department of Nursing Sciences, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Canada; Centre d'études interdisciplinaires sur le développement de l'enfant et la famille, Canada; Groupe de recherche et d'intervention auprès de l'enfant vulnérable et négligé, Canada
| | - Julia Garon-Bissonnette
- Department of Psychology, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Canada; Centre d'études interdisciplinaires sur le développement de l'enfant et la famille, Canada; CERVO Brain Research Center, Canada; Interdisciplinary Research Center on Intimate Relationship Problems and Sexual Abuse, Canada; Groupe de recherche et d'intervention auprès de l'enfant vulnérable et négligé, Canada
| | - Karin Ensink
- Department of Psychology, Université Laval, Canada
| | - Natacha Godbout
- Department of Sexology, Université du Québec à Montréal, Canada; Interdisciplinary Research Center on Intimate Relationship Problems and Sexual Abuse, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Yoon S, Pei F, Benavides JL, Ploss A, Logan J, Hamby S. The Long-Term Effects of Early Childhood Resilience Profiles on School Outcomes among Children in the Child Welfare System. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19105987. [PMID: 35627523 PMCID: PMC9140792 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19105987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Revised: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to examine the association between early childhood resilience profiles and later school outcomes (academic achievement and school involvement) among children in the U.S. child welfare system. This study compared 827 children aged 3–5 years in three latent profile groups (poor emotional and behavioral resilience, low cognitive resilience, and multi-domain resilience) to their baseline profiles using data from the National Survey of Child and Adolescent Well-Being (NSCAW-II). At the three-year follow-up, children with low emotional and behavioral resilience profiles and children with the multi-domain resilience profile had significantly higher basic reading skills, reading comprehension, and math reasoning compared to children with low scores on the cognitive resilience profile. Furthermore, children with the multi-domain resilience profile had significantly higher levels of emotional school engagement than did those with the low emotional and behavioral resilience profile and considerably higher levels of behavioral school engagement compared to those with the low cognitive resilience profile. The findings highlight the persistent effects of early resilience into the later childhood years. Moreover, our results suggest the need for early identification of and intervention for children with low cognitive or emotional/behavioral resilience during the preschool years to promote academic success and school engagement during the school-age years.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Susan Yoon
- College of Social Work, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; (J.L.B.); (A.P.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-614-292-3289
| | - Fei Pei
- School of Social Work, Falk College, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY 13244, USA;
| | - Juan Lorenzo Benavides
- College of Social Work, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; (J.L.B.); (A.P.)
| | - Alexa Ploss
- College of Social Work, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; (J.L.B.); (A.P.)
| | - Jessica Logan
- Quantitative Research, Evaluation and Measurement, College of Education and Human Ecology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA;
| | - Sherry Hamby
- Department of Psychology, The University of the South, Sewanee, TN 37383, USA;
- Life Paths Research Center, Sewanee, TN 37375, USA
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Cahill S, Hager R, Chandola T. The validity of the residuals approach to measuring resilience to adverse childhood experiences. Child Adolesc Psychiatry Ment Health 2022; 16:18. [PMID: 35232481 PMCID: PMC8889660 DOI: 10.1186/s13034-022-00449-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Resilience is broadly defined as the ability to maintain or regain functioning in the face of adversity. Recent work to harmonise the quantification and definition of resilience quantifies resilience as the residual variance in psychosocial functioning that remains after accounting for adversity exposure. However, there have been no published studies that have formally investigated the validity of this approach. Considering this, we examine the construct and predictive validity of the residuals approach using participants from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC), a multigenerational, longitudinal cohort study. METHODS We regressed exposures of adolescent adversity on adolescent psychopathology scores using the Strength and Difficulties Questionnaire and obtained the residual variance. We investigated construct validity by analysing whether previously identified demographic and resilience factors significantly predicted resilience. Predictive validity of resilience was investigated by comparing the predictive power of resilience with other determinants of psychosocial functioning on two developmental outcomes: depressive symptoms at 18 years, measured by the Short Moods and Feelings Questionnaire, and NEET (Not in Employment, Education or Training) status at 17 and 23 years. The associations between depressive symptoms at 18, resilience, ACEs and covariates were tested using multiple linear regression. NEET status at 17 and 23 were run as separate binary multiple logistic regression models to test associations with resilience and known demographics previously associated with NEET status. RESULTS Seven previously identified protective factors, including self-esteem, positive sibling relationship, temperament, and positive perception of school, significantly predicted resilience to adolescent psychopathology, thus providing strong construct validity. Resilience significantly predicted a reduction in depressive symptoms at 18 years, and significantly decreased the likelihood of having NEET status at both 17 years and 23 years, even after taking into account early childhood adversity and other risk factors. None of the socioeconomic factors were significantly associated with resilience. CONCLUSIONS Our study demonstrates that the residuals method of operationalising resilience has good construct and predictive validity yet recommend replication studies. It has the potential to advance research into the mechanisms and modifiability of resilience. TRIAL REGISTRATION Not applicable.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Cahill
- Evolution, Infection and Genomics, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK. .,Faculty of Humanities, Cathie Marsh Institute for Social Research, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
| | - Reinmar Hager
- grid.5379.80000000121662407Evolution, Infection and Genomics, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Tarani Chandola
- grid.5379.80000000121662407Faculty of Humanities, Cathie Marsh Institute for Social Research, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK ,grid.194645.b0000000121742757Methods Hub, Department of Sociology, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, People’s Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Trajectories of Resilience in University Inductees following Outdoor Adventure (OA) Residential Programmes. PSYCHIATRY INTERNATIONAL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/psychiatryint3010007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Even before COVID-19, university inductees were vulnerable to transitional stressors, which impact upon their psychological well-being and ability to complete their studies. Resilience, as a psychological construct, may be analogous to holding the functioning that supports higher-level academic performance in twenty-first century higher education (HE). Given the significant investment HE requires, coupled with students’ capacity to develop their resilience, universities may be expected to promote psychological resilience in new students. Linking HE to resilience, outdoor adventure (OA) residential programmes have enabled inductees to build components of resilience (i.e., increased self-perception, feelings of control, and intrapersonal relationships) that may heighten their immediate and longer-term academic performance. Yet, few studies have examined the sustainability of these effects. Across five annual cohorts, the self-perceived resilience of 2500 inductees was profiled across three time-point trajectories: (i) pre-OA programme, (ii) post-OA programme, and (iii) three months post-OA programme. Further, the functionality of inductees’ enduring resilience was evaluated for predicting their prospective academic performance at the end of their first year of study. Students’ self-perceived resilience, well-being, and positive recollection of OA experiences reflected their bounce-back ability and a healthy trajectory of productive functioning. Students reporting higher levels of resilience after three months of following the programme were more likely to achieve better prospective academic outcomes. The large sample size ensured that a powerful detection of change was established across time. However, given the absence of a comparison condition across all time points, any lasting improvements in students’ resilience was unable to be attributed to the OA programme. Nonetheless, the results give significant grounds for further research in this direction, including the study of more distinct narrative enquiries at follow-up. In this way, pedagogical practices, supporting effective interventions, may be deployed with incoming students, with the aim of building and maintaining students’ on-going resilience across different learning contexts.
Collapse
|
12
|
Cuoco S, Carotenuto I, Cappiello A, Bisogno R, Picillo M, Pellecchia MT, Barone P, Erro R. Reliability and validity of the novel Italian version of the 14-item Resilience Scale (RS-14) in adults. Neurol Sci 2021; 43:3079-3087. [PMID: 34850301 PMCID: PMC8631562 DOI: 10.1007/s10072-021-05784-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Background The aims of this explore the psychometric properties of the novel Italian version of the 14-item Resilience Scale (RS-14) and to assess the relationship between RS-14, mood and quality of life. Method The original English version of the RS-14 was translated into Italian, and the Italian version was confirmed with back-translation. Three-hundred healthy volunteers (M = 122) aged > 18 years, completed the RS-14 as well as different scales to measure depression, anxiety and quality of life. Statistical analyses were used to measure the reliability, validity and key factors of RS-14. We measured the differences in socio-demographic subgroups, the relationship between mood and RS-14 score and the impact of RS-14 on mental health. Results The RS-14 showed good acceptability, reliability and validity. Factor analysis indicated a two-factor structure: ‘Self-confidence’ and ‘Self-control’, with the former having a more significant impact on mental health. The RS-14 score was not significantly different for sex, age and education, but there was significant difference for marital status. Lower resilience correlated with higher levels of anxiety and depression and with lower quality of life. Conclusion We propose the novel Italian version of the RS-14 which has good reliability and validity. Our results stress the influence of resilience on mental health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Cuoco
- Neuroscience Section, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry 'Scuola Medica Salernitana', University of Salerno, Via Allende, SA, 84131, Baronissi, Italy
| | - Immacolata Carotenuto
- Neuroscience Section, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry 'Scuola Medica Salernitana', University of Salerno, Via Allende, SA, 84131, Baronissi, Italy
| | - Arianna Cappiello
- Neuroscience Section, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry 'Scuola Medica Salernitana', University of Salerno, Via Allende, SA, 84131, Baronissi, Italy
| | - Rossella Bisogno
- Neuroscience Section, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry 'Scuola Medica Salernitana', University of Salerno, Via Allende, SA, 84131, Baronissi, Italy
| | - Marina Picillo
- Neuroscience Section, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry 'Scuola Medica Salernitana', University of Salerno, Via Allende, SA, 84131, Baronissi, Italy
| | - Maria Teresa Pellecchia
- Neuroscience Section, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry 'Scuola Medica Salernitana', University of Salerno, Via Allende, SA, 84131, Baronissi, Italy
| | - Paolo Barone
- Neuroscience Section, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry 'Scuola Medica Salernitana', University of Salerno, Via Allende, SA, 84131, Baronissi, Italy
| | - Roberto Erro
- Neuroscience Section, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry 'Scuola Medica Salernitana', University of Salerno, Via Allende, SA, 84131, Baronissi, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Green MJ, Piotrowska PJ, Tzoumakis S, Whitten T, Laurens KR, Butler M, Katz I, Harris F, Carr VJ. Profiles of Resilience from Early to Middle Childhood among Children Known to Child Protection Services. JOURNAL OF CLINICAL CHILD AND ADOLESCENT PSYCHOLOGY 2021:1-13. [PMID: 34554857 DOI: 10.1080/15374416.2021.1969652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The processes facilitating resilience are likely to be influenced by individual, familial and contextual factors that are dynamic across the life-course. These factors have been less studied in relation to resilience profiles evident in the developmental period between early to middle childhood, relative to later periods of adolescence or adulthood. METHOD This study examined factors associated with resilience in a cohort of 4,716 children known to child protection services by age 13 years, in the Australian State of New South Wales. Latent profile and transition analyses were used to identify multi-dimensional profiles of resilience as evident in social, emotional and cognitive functioning when assessed in early childhood (time 1 [T1], age 5-6 years) and middle childhood (time 2 [T2], age 10-11 years). Logistic regression models were used to investigate factors associated with two types of resilience identified: a transition profile of stress-resistance (i.e., represented by a typically developing profile at both T1 and T2) delineated in the largest subgroup (54%) of children, and a smaller subgroup (13%) with a profile of emergent resilience (i.e., typically developing at T2 following a vulnerable profile at T1). RESULTS Factors associated with resilience profiles included being female, and personality characteristics of openness and extraversion; other factors associated with stress-resistance, specifically, included higher socioeconomic status, non-Indigenous background, higher perceived port at home and at school, and not having a parent with a history of criminal offending. CONCLUSIONS Resilience processes appear to involve a complex interplay between individual, family, and community characteristics requiring interagency support.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Melissa J Green
- School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales.,Neuroscience Research Australia (NeuRA)
| | | | - Stacy Tzoumakis
- School of Criminology and Criminal Justice, Griffith University.,School of Law, Society and Criminology, University of New South Wales (UNSW, Sydney)
| | - Tyson Whitten
- School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales.,School of Social Science, University of Adelaide
| | - Kristin R Laurens
- School of Psychology and Counselling, Queensland University of Technology (QUT)
| | | | - Ilan Katz
- School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales
| | | | - Vaughan J Carr
- School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales.,Neuroscience Research Australia (NeuRA).,Department of Psychiatry, Monash University
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Lamari-Fisher A, Bond MA. Protective factors in preventing delinquency: Caregiver support, caregiver monitoring, and school engagement. JOURNAL OF COMMUNITY PSYCHOLOGY 2021; 49:2818-2837. [PMID: 33784409 DOI: 10.1002/jcop.22554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Revised: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Youth who are potential victims of maltreatment are more likely to commit delinquent acts, which may lead to incarceration. Applying a resiliency framework may shift the focus to positive adaptation. For instance, protective mechanisms promote social, academic, and conduct competencies for at-risk youth. This analysis estimated the protective effects of caregiver perceived support, and caregiver monitoring, and school engagement. It used delinquency as a measure of conduct competence. A latent variable structural equation model was developed using a sample of 1054 youth aged 11-17 who were involved with Child Protective Services. Participants were drawn from the second National Survey for Child and Adolescent Well-Being. Results indicated that perceived support and school engagement reduced minor offenses, and the latter additionally reduced crimes against persons and property. Perceived caregiver monitoring, in contrast, increased minor offenses and crimes against persons. Generally, delinquent acts were associated with lower levels of the protective mechanisms, which, in turn, led to future delinquent acts. Results highlight the important role schools play as a resource for at-risk youth. Additionally, caregiver monitoring may better serve as a protective mechanism when youth voluntarily offer information. Strengths and limitations are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Mark A Bond
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Dell Medical School, Austin, Texas, USA
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Lo A, Hsieh KY, Lu WC, Shieh I, Chou FHC, Shieh V. Development and validation of the Lo's Healthy and Happy Lifestyle Scale (LHHLS): The resilience in general population facing COVID-19 in Taiwan. Int J Soc Psychiatry 2021; 67:532-539. [PMID: 33012222 DOI: 10.1177/0020764020960771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This article explores the effectiveness of development of the Lo's Healthy and Happy Lifestyle Scale (LHHLS), which is an evaluative tool that monitors the resilience of the Taiwan population in times of such COVID-19 epidemic. Also, to verify factors of resilience, namely the reliability and validity of self-efficacy and positive thinking, and establishment of a prospective norm analysis. METHOD The study mainly applied Explorative Factor Analysis (EFA) and Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) to develop LHHLS and establish the reliability and validity of the tool's structure, verify norm analysis and the reliability of data from each question using Cronbach's alpha. RESULTS According to statistics, LHHLS has a good factorial effectiveness and relatively high reliability, with factor reliability analyses where Cronbach's alpha lies between 0.83 to 0.94. The 14 questions in the LHHLS has a total variance of 67.04%. The tool includes two sub-assessments that are theoretically and statistically appropriate: mental health/self-efficacy and positive thinking. CONCLUSION The tool LHHLS can be applied to populations affected by COVID-19. With participants' self-awareness of mental health state and state of happy living, this tool is valid and reliable in assessing and evaluating the resilience of such participants against times of COVID-19. This study can become future use for epidemic prevention communities in monitoring residents' healthy living and changes in their resilience. Also, can become a reference standard for interventions to reduce the impacts populations' happy and healthy living, in times of biological disasters.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Angela Lo
- Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung
| | - Kuan-Ying Hsieh
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Kaohsiung Municipal Kai-Syuan Psychiatric Hospital, Kaohsiung.,Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung
| | - Wan-Chun Lu
- Department of Adult Psychiatry, Kaohsiung Municipal Kai-Syuan Psychiatric Hospital, Kaohsiung
| | - Ierna Shieh
- Graduate Institute of Humanities in Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei
| | | | - Vincent Shieh
- Graduate Institute of Gender Education, National Kaohsiung Normal University, Kaohsiung
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Bate J, Pham PT, Borelli JL. Be My Safe Haven: Parent-Child Relationships and Emotional Health During COVID-19. J Pediatr Psychol 2021; 46:624-634. [PMID: 34283892 PMCID: PMC8344797 DOI: 10.1093/jpepsy/jsab046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Revised: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Since March 2020, millions of children have been confined to their homes and restricted from in-person activities, radically changing the dynamics of parent–child relationships. This study examines the association between coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) impact and the mental health of parents and school-aged children; specifically, whether qualities of the parent–child relationship moderated the relationship between parents’ emotional health (EH) and children’s emotional and behavioral health (EBH). Methods Data from this Internet-based study of a community sample were collected in March–May 2020. Parents (N = 158, 92.4% White, 96.2% female) reported on COVID-19 impacts, their own EH, perceptions of their relationship with their eldest child between 6 and 12 years-old, and the EBH of that child. Results Responses to questions about COVID-19 impact were assigned weighted values and used to create a COVID-19 impact scale. Hierarchical linear regressions revealed that greater COVID-19 impact was associated with greater parents’ EH issues only, and parents’ EH was a significant positive predictor of children’s EBH. Positive qualities and conflict in the parent–child relationship moderated the link between parents’ and children’s EH. At higher levels of relationship conflict and lower levels of positivity, there were stronger positive associations between parents’ and children’s EH. Parent–child relationship quality did not moderate the association between parents’ EH and children’s behavioral health (BH). Conclusions These cross-sectional study results suggest that beyond focusing on symptom management, families may benefit from supports targeting the parent–child relationship. Insights and implications for practitioners are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jordan Bate
- Ferkauf Graduate School of Psychology, Yeshiva University
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Childhood psychological maltreatment and life satisfaction among Chinese young adults: The mediating role of internalizing problems and the buffering role of social support. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s12144-021-02126-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
|
18
|
Elise Barboza G, Siller LA. Child Maltreatment, School Bonds, and Adult Violence: A Serial Mediation Model. JOURNAL OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE 2021; 36:NP5839-NP5873. [PMID: 30392439 DOI: 10.1177/0886260518805763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Physically abused youth are vulnerable to experiencing difficulties across multiple domains of school functioning. Most of the literature examining the relationship between child physical abuse (CPA) and adult violence has focused narrowly on academic outcomes rather than taking a broader view that explores the processes undergirding school engagement and connections. The present study adopted Connell's model of school engagement, connectedness and outcomes within a social bond framework to examine (a) the link between CPA and school social bonds, (b) the link between CPA and adult violence persistence, and (c) the mediational (parallel, serial) effects of school bonds (engagement, connection, and achievement) on violence perpetration in adulthood. Consistent with previous research, results indicated that children who experience physical abuse have poorer academic performance, which, in turn, is related to future violent trajectories. We further found that the relationship between CPA and violence persistence is mediated by a process of bonding to school that begins with being actively engaged in school activities and ends with higher levels of academic achievement. In particular, some of the "school achievement" effect found in previous research operates through behavioral and emotional manifestations and may be partly explained through physically abused children's lessened ability to be engaged with and connected to school activities. We conclude with a discussion of the policy implications stemming from our findings.
Collapse
|
19
|
Hill L, Winefield H, Bennett P. Are stronger bonds better? Examining the relationship between the human–animal bond and human social support, and its impact on resilience. AUSTRALIAN PSYCHOLOGIST 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/ap.12466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lian Hill
- The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia,
| | - Helen Winefield
- The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia,
| | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Ye ZJ, Zhang Z, Tang Y, Liang J, Sun Z, Hu GY, Liang MZ, Yu YL. Resilience patterns and transitions in the Be Resilient To Breast Cancer trial: an exploratory latent profile transition analysis. Psychooncology 2021; 30:901-909. [PMID: 33689199 DOI: 10.1002/pon.5668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Revised: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Be Resilient to Breast Cancer (BRBC), a theoretically-derived, resilience-based, culturally-tailored, supportive-expressive group therapy (SEGT), has been developed to help promote patients' resilience in breast cancer. Data from patients receiving BRBC intervention was utilized to explore and define characteristics of resilience patterns and their transitions over time. METHODS Resilience was used as a primary outcome and 391 patients completed Resilience Scale Specific to Cancer at enrollment (T0), 2 months (T1), 6 months(T2), and 12 months (T3) after intervention. latent profile transition analysis was performed to model the change in resilience and predict positive transitioning probabilities between resilience patterns (from one pattern to another pattern with a higher level) over time. RESULTS One hundred and forty four resilience patterns were identified after BRBC intervention. 33.1%, 50.3%, and 40.5% of patients experienced positive resilience transitions from T0 to T1, T1 to T2, and T2 to T3, respectively. Patients with middle age, unmarried status, higher education level, and less advanced tumor stage were more likely to experience positive resilience transitions. CONCLUSION Different transitions of resilience patterns are observed after BRBC intervention. Age, marital status, education, and tumor stage may be four factors affecting the efficacy of SEGT intervention in breast cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zeng Jie Ye
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Zhang Zhang
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Ying Tang
- Institute of Tumor, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Jian Liang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Development and Research of Chinese Medicine, Mathematical Engineering Academy of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Zhe Sun
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Guang Yun Hu
- Army Medical University, Chongqing Municipality, China
| | - Mu Zi Liang
- Guangdong Academy of Population Development, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Yuan Liang Yu
- South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Influence of race/ethnicity and income on the link between adverse childhood experiences and child flourishing. Pediatr Res 2021; 89:1861-1869. [PMID: 33045719 PMCID: PMC8249234 DOI: 10.1038/s41390-020-01188-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Revised: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The impact of early adversity increases the risk of poor outcomes across the life course. Identifying factors that protect against or contribute to deleterious life outcomes represents an important step in resilience promotion among children exposed to adversity. Informed by resilience science, we hypothesized that family resilience mediates the relationship between adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and child flourishing, and these pathways vary by race/ethnicity and income. METHODS We conducted a secondary data analysis using the 2016-17 National Survey of Children's Health data reported by parents/guardians for 44,686 children age 6-17 years. A moderated-mediation model estimated direct, indirect, and total effects using a probit link function and stacked group approach with weighted least square parameter estimates. RESULTS The main variables were related in expected directions. Family resilience partially mediated the ACEs-flourishing association. Although White and socioeconomically advantaged families were more likely to maintain family resilience, their children functioned more poorly at high-risk levels relative to Black and Hispanic children and across income groups. CONCLUSION Children suffer from cumulative adversity across race/ethnicity and income. Partial mediation of family resilience indicates that additional protective factors are needed to develop comprehensive strategies, while racial/ethnic differences underscore the importance of prevention and intervention programs that are culturally sensitive. IMPACT The key message of the article reinforces the notion that children suffer from cumulative adversity across race/ethnicity and income, and prevention of ACEs should be the number one charge of public policy, programs, and healthcare. This is the first study to examine family resilience in the National Survey Children's Health (NSCH) data set as mediating ACEs-flourishing by race/ethnicity and family poverty level. Examining an ACEs dose-response effect using population-based data within the context of risk and protective factors can inform a public health response resulting in a greater impact on prevention efforts.
Collapse
|
22
|
Anderson JR, Killian M, Hughes JL, Rush AJ, Trivedi MH. The Adolescent Resilience Questionnaire: Validation of a Shortened Version in U.S. Youths. Front Psychol 2020; 11:606373. [PMID: 33329281 PMCID: PMC7728789 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.606373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Resilience is a factor in how youth respond to adversity. The 88-item Adolescent Resilience Questionnaire is a comprehensive, multi-dimensional self-report measure of resilience developed with Australian youth. Methods Using a cross-sectional adolescent population (n = 3,222), confirmatory factor analysis was conducted to replicate the original factor structure. Over half of the adolescents were non-white and 9th graders with a mean age of 15.5. Results Our exploratory factor analysis shortened the measure for which we conducted the psychometric analyses. The original factor structure was not replicated. The exploratory factor analysis provided a 49-item measure. Internal consistency reliability for all 12 factors ranged from acceptable (α> 0.70–0.80). The revised factor total scores were highly and significantly correlated with item–total correlation coefficients (r > 0.63, p < 0.001). Conclusion This revised shorter 49-item version of the Adolescent Resilience Questionnaire could be deployed and has acceptable psychometric properties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline R Anderson
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Michael Killian
- College of Social Work, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, United States
| | - Jennifer L Hughes
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - A John Rush
- Duke National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Psychiatry, Duke Medical School, Durham, NC, United States.,Department of Psychiatry, Texas Tech Health Science Center, Midland, TX, United States
| | - Madhukar H Trivedi
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Dias A, Mooren T, Kleber RJ. Reducing consequences of child maltreatment during adulthood by public health actions: a Delphi study. Eur J Public Health 2020; 29:425-431. [PMID: 30312403 DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/cky216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Child maltreatment (CM) is associated with long-lasting poor health outcomes, as well as increased levels of disability and health-services consumption across the life-span. However, less is known about how CM consequences can be reduced during adulthood. We investigated professional opinions on how to mitigate long-term consequences of CM in a public health (PH) perspective. METHODS Using the Delphi method in three rounds, we inquired 91 professionals, mostly European researchers and clinicians about potential PH actions to mitigate CM consequences during adulthood. RESULTS Most experts agreed that PH actions are needed. Increasing community awareness and training emotional regulation in affected adults were prioritized strategies. Enlarging curricular knowledge about CM for professionals and developing evidence-based interventions were considered preferred methods. Reducing the barriers for access to interventions for adults, such as those provided by trauma-informed services were also suggested. Participants highlighted the possibility to reduce CM consequences across generations as a significant benefit. CONCLUSIONS PH programmes to reduce the burden of CM can be enhanced by specific actions to facilitate the recognition of difficulties in affected adults and to expand the availability of helpful resources. The application of these programmes could be assisted by the use of modern information-technology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aida Dias
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Centro de Trauma, CES, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Trudy Mooren
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Arq Psychotrauma Expert Group, Diemen, The Netherlands
| | - Rolf J Kleber
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Arq Psychotrauma Expert Group, Diemen, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Kaferly J, Furniss A, Allison MA. Transmission of Intergenerational Parenting Attitudes and Natural Mentorship: Associations Within the LONGSCAN population. CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT 2020; 108:104662. [PMID: 32861028 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2020.104662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Revised: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Evidence suggests that families transmit child maltreatment and parenting attitudes. Natural mentorship may mediate intergenerational parenting attitudes' risk for maltreatment but has not been studied. OBJECTIVE To compare parenting attitudes between adolescents exposed to or at risk for maltreatment and their caregivers and to determine if natural mentorship mediates differences in parenting attitudes' maltreatment risk. PARTICIPANTS AND SETTING The study included 779 children and their caregivers from the Longitudinal Studies of Child Abuse and Neglect (LONGSCAN) study, METHODS: Standardized measures assessed parenting attitudes, natural mentorship and demographic characteristics. Repeated measures, multivariable logistic regressions were used to predict low risk parenting attitudes for maltreatment among adolescents with and without natural mentors. RESULTS In adjusted analysis, natural mentorship did not predict an adolescent having low risk parenting attitudes when their caregivers had moderate or high risk attitudes: appropriate empathy adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 1.26; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.52 -3.01; appropriate expectations aOR = 1.35; CI 0.62-2.93; physical punishment rejection aOR = 1.74; CI 0.78-3.88; and appropriate roles aOR = 1.11; CI 0.57-2.18. Low risk caregiver parenting attitudes for appropriate empathy related to adolescents having low risk empathy attitudes (aOR = 2.89; CI 1.31-6.37). Male gender, African American race and Hispanic ethnicity were negatively associated with an adolescent having low risk parenting attitudes for maltreatment. CONCLUSIONS Natural mentorship did not mediate adolescent parenting attitudes. While prevention and intervention strategies should include natural mentoring given positive health impacts, services must be cognizant of and designed for gender, racial and ethnic diversity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- James Kaferly
- Department of Pediatrics, Denver Health Medical Center, 501 E. 28th Street, Denver, CO, 80205, USA; Department of Pediatrics, The University of Colorado, Denver School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA.
| | - Anna Furniss
- Adult and Child Consortium for Health Outcomes Research and Delivery Science (ACCORDS), Aurora, CO, 80045, USA.
| | - Mandy A Allison
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Colorado, Denver School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA; Adult and Child Consortium for Health Outcomes Research and Delivery Science (ACCORDS), Aurora, CO, 80045, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Otero J, Muñoz MA, Fernández-Santaella MC, Verdejo-García A, Sánchez-Barrera MB. Cardiac defense reactivity and cognitive flexibility in high- and low-resilience women. Psychophysiology 2020; 57:e13656. [PMID: 32748997 DOI: 10.1111/psyp.13656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Revised: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Resilience is a protective health variable that contributes to successful adaptation to stressful experiences. However, in spite of its relevance, few studies have examined the psychophysiological and neuropsychological mechanisms involved in resilience. The present study analyzes, in a sample of 54 young women, the relationships between high- and low-resilience, measured with the Spanish versions of Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale questionnaire and the Resilience Scale, and two indices of psychophysiological and neuropsychological adaptability, the cardiac defense response (CDR) and cognitive flexibility. The CDR is a specific reaction to an unexpected intense noise characterized by two acceleration-deceleration heart rate components. Cognitive flexibility, defined as the ability to adapt our behavior to changing environmental demands, is measured in this study with the CAMBIOS neuropsychological test. The results showed that the more resilient people, in addition to having better scores on mental health questionnaires, had a larger initial acceleration-deceleration of the CDR-indicative of greater vagal control, obtained better scores in cognitive flexibility, and evaluated the intense noise as less unpleasant than the less resilient people. No group differences were found in the second acceleration-deceleration of the CDR-indicative of sympathetic cardiac control, in the skin conductance response, or in subjective intensity of the noise. The present findings broaden the understanding of how resilient people change their adaptable responses to address environmental demands.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julia Otero
- Brain, Mind and Behaviour Research Center, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Miguel A Muñoz
- Brain, Mind and Behaviour Research Center, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | | | - Antonio Verdejo-García
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Baetz CL, Widom CS. Does a Close Relationship With an Adult Reduce the Risk of Juvenile Offending for Youth With a History of Maltreatment? CHILD MALTREATMENT 2020; 25:308-317. [PMID: 31709813 DOI: 10.1177/1077559519883010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Social support is frequently cited as a protective factor against juvenile offending. The current study examined whether a close relationship with an adult in childhood decreases the risk for offending among individuals with a history of child maltreatment. This research utilized data from a prospective cohort design study in which children with court-substantiated cases of abuse and neglect and nonmaltreated children matched on age, sex, race, and approximate family social class were followed into adulthood (N = 1,196). Having a close relationship with an adult did not decrease risk for delinquent behavior or arrest, but a close relationship with a parent was associated with lower risk for delinquent behavior. Surprisingly, adults with no history of maltreatment who reported having a close relationship with a peer or sibling were more likely to report engaging in violent behavior in adolescence. In total, these findings point to the complexity of development and suggest that although a close relationship with an adult can be protective, the mere presence of such a relationship, without inquiry into the type of relationship, is not sufficient.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carly Lyn Baetz
- Department of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, New York University School of Medicine, NY, USA
| | - Cathy Spatz Widom
- Department of Psychology, John Jay College of Criminal Justice, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Psychology, The Graduate Center, City University of New York, New York, USA
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Ye ZJ, Zhang Z, Zhang XY, Tang Y, Chen P, Liang MZ, Sun Z, Yu YL. State or trait? Measuring resilience by generalisability theory in breast cancer. Eur J Oncol Nurs 2020; 46:101727. [PMID: 32339909 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejon.2020.101727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2019] [Revised: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Whether resilience should be conceptualised as a state or trait is debated. The precise distinction between state versus trait aspects of resilience can help identify dynamic targets for resilience-based intervention trials involving cancer patients. This study was designed to disentangle the state and trait components of resilience in patients with breast cancer with the help of Generalisability Theory (GT) methods. METHODS The relative contributions of state (temporary) and trait (enduring) aspects of resilience were calculated using a 10-item Resilience Scale Specific to Cancer (RS-SC-10) and GT methods. In all, 391 patients were enrolled from the 'Be Resilient to Breast Cancer ' (BRBC) trial, and data from 317 patients (81.7%) were collected at baseline, 3 months, 6 months, and 12 months after the intervention. RESULTS The subscale of Generic Elements demonstrated high generalisability value (relative G-coefficient = 0.81) across different occasions and captured 79% of the variance attributed to enduring aspects of resilience. The subscale of Shift-Persist showed low generalisability value (relative G-coefficient = 0.31) and identified 59% of the variance attributed to temporary aspects of resilience. The GT studies suggested that 5-7 items per scale and three measurement occasions were adequate for score reliability evaluation. CONCLUSION Resilience should be conceptualised as a state-trait mixed psychological variable in breast cancer patients. The subscale of Shift-Persist in RS-SC-10 is amenable to intervention and could be utilised as a primary outcome in resilience-based intervention trials. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION None.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zeng Jie Ye
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510006, China.
| | - Zhang Zhang
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510060, China
| | - Xiao Ying Zhang
- The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, 510275, China
| | - Ying Tang
- Institute of Tumor, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510006, China
| | - Peng Chen
- Basic Medical School, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, Guizhou Province, 550025, China
| | - Mu Zi Liang
- Guangdong Academy of Population Development, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510600, China
| | - Zhe Sun
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510405, China
| | - Yuan Liang Yu
- South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510641, China
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Montero-Carretero C, Cervelló E. Teaching Styles in Physical Education: A New Approach to Predicting Resilience and Bullying. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 17:ijerph17010076. [PMID: 31861880 PMCID: PMC6981834 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17010076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Revised: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The main objective of this study was to analyze student-perceived teaching styles’ power to predict students’ resilience and the emergence of bullying behaviors in physical education class. A total of 537 students of both sexes, between 11 and 15 years of age, from primary and secondary schools in the province of Alicante (Spain), participated in the study. The design of the study was cross-sectional. The results showed that bullying was positively predicted by students’ perceptions of a more controlling style and negatively by a greater perception of an autonomy-supportive style in physical education classes. Victimization was negatively predicted by greater resilience and positively by students’ perception of a teacher’s more controlling style. Finally, the mediation analysis showed that the perception of autonomy support indirectly and negatively predicted victimization, with resilience acting as a mediator. These findings provide useful information for physical education teachers interested in preventing bullying, and have important practical implications about the teaching style recommended for this purpose.
Collapse
|
29
|
Rijbroek B, Strating MMH, Konijn HW, Huijsman R. Child protection cases, one size fits all? Cluster analyses of risk and protective factors. CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT 2019; 95:104068. [PMID: 31301547 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2019.104068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2018] [Revised: 05/04/2019] [Accepted: 05/09/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To provide effective tailor made case management in Child Protection Services (CPS) a insight is needed into the specific characteristics of the target group. Using the ecological perspective of maltreatment, this study explored poorly known characteristics of the CPS population. OBJECTIVE To distinguish CPS subgroups based on risk and protective factors enables tailor made case management that fits the specific needs of these subgroups. PARTICIPANTS AND SETTING We studied 250 Dutch CPS cases of family supervision by court order that had completed the LIRIK and Action Plan checklists in August 2014-March 2015. METHODS This quantitative study analyzed risk and protective factors for children and parents reported in client files. Subgroups were identified by two-step cluster analyses. Chi-square analyses identified relations between parental risk subgroups and other groups. RESULTS Building on the interplay between risk and protective factors on the levels of child, parent and environment, we found five distinct subgroups in the CPS population. The most vulnerable is parents with multiple problems (31%) or socio-economic problems (13%). Parts of both subgroup have limited protective factors. Parents with major life events (16%) or poor parenting (13%) are characterized by single-level problems. One subgroup (28%), the unaccepted, has no parental risk factors registered. CONCLUSIONS Studying client files can lead to a better understanding of the healthcare needs of the CPS population. To develop and implement more effective case management requires constant dialogue between science, policy, and the experiences of both clients and professional.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brigit Rijbroek
- Erasmus University Rotterdam, Institute of Health Policy and Management, P.O. Box 1738, 3000 DR, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - Mathilde M H Strating
- Erasmus University Rotterdam, Institute of Health Policy and Management, P.O. Box 1738, 3000 DR, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - Helena W Konijn
- Erasmus University Rotterdam, Institute of Health Policy and Management, P.O. Box 1738, 3000 DR, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - Robbert Huijsman
- Erasmus University Rotterdam, Institute of Health Policy and Management, P.O. Box 1738, 3000 DR, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Ayed N, Toner S, Priebe S. Conceptualizing resilience in adult mental health literature: A systematic review and narrative synthesis. Psychol Psychother 2019; 92:299-341. [PMID: 29888437 DOI: 10.1111/papt.12185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This review aims to identify how the term 'resilience' is conceptualized across adult mental health research due to ongoing criticism regarding the lack of consistency in its conceptualization. METHOD A systematic search, including hand searches of book chapters, was conducted using search terms ('resilien*') AND ('mental illness' OR 'mental health problem'). Papers were excluded if they did not meet the following criteria: written in English, provide a clear conceptualization of resilience, include only adults (aged 18 + ) in the sample, solely focus on individuals with a primary diagnosis of mental illness, and peer-reviewed. Data were extracted on conceptualizations of resilience, demographic, and diagnostic variables of the study population, publication year, and the research design used. Conceptualizations were combined and collapsed into overarching themes and then refined through joint discussion, consultation with a third reviewer, and input from a larger multidisciplinary team. RESULTS Thirty-one texts (6 book chapters, 4 reviews, 2 appraisals/critical evaluations, 1 editorial, and 18 research projects) were included. Two broad understandings of resilience were identified: resilience as a process and resilience as a characteristic of an individual. Processes comprise three themes: 'immunity', 'bouncing back', and 'growth', whilst characteristics are captured in two themes 'personal resources' and 'social resources'. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that resilience can be conceptualized in a clear and meaningful manner in adult mental health research. The five themes reflect distinct ways of using the term resilience. Whilst each one of them may have merit in future research, it appears beneficial to make clear in research which exact conceptualization of resilience has been adopted. PRACTITIONER POINTS When considering and reading about 'resilience', one should be aware that there are different concepts of it. The main difference is between resilience as a personal characteristic and resilience as a process. Therapy may address resilience as a personal characteristic by utilizing individual and social resources. The therapeutic process may be understood as resilience in form of bouncing back and personal growth.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Ayed
- Centre for Family Research, University of Cambridge, UK
| | - Sarah Toner
- Unit for Social and Community Psychiatry (WHO Collaborating Centre for Mental Health Service Development), Queen Mary University of London, UK
| | - Stefan Priebe
- Unit for Social and Community Psychiatry (WHO Collaborating Centre for Mental Health Service Development), Queen Mary University of London, UK
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Resilience in Children Exposed to Violence: A Meta-analysis of Protective Factors Across Ecological Contexts. Clin Child Fam Psychol Rev 2019; 22:406-431. [DOI: 10.1007/s10567-019-00293-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
32
|
Child maltreatment, adaptive functioning, and polygenic risk: A structural equation mixture model. Dev Psychopathol 2019; 31:443-456. [PMID: 30837010 DOI: 10.1017/s0954579419000014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
This study used a structural equation mixture model to examine associations between child maltreatment, polygenic risk, and indices of adaptive functioning. Children aged 6 to 13 years (N = 1,004), half maltreated, half nonmaltreated, were recruited to attend a research day camp. Multi-informant indicators of prosocial behavior, antisocial behavior, withdrawn behavior, and depression were collected and used in a latent class analysis. Four classes emerged, characterizing "well-adjusted," "externalizing," "internalizing," and "socially dominant" groups. Twelve genetic variants, previously reported in the Gene × Environment literature, were modeled as one weighted polygenic risk score. Large main effects between maltreatment and adaptive functioning were observed (Wald = 35.3, df = 3, p < .0001), along with evidence of a small Gene × Environment effect (Wald = 13.5, df = 3, p = .004), adjusting for sex, age, and covariate interaction effects.
Collapse
|
33
|
Wright KA, Turanovic JJ, O'Neal EN, Morse SJ, Booth ET. The Cycle of Violence Revisited: Childhood Victimization, Resilience, and Future Violence. JOURNAL OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE 2019; 34:1261-1286. [PMID: 27229918 DOI: 10.1177/0886260516651090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The individual and social protective factors that help break the cycle of violence are examined. Specifically, this study investigates (a) the individual and social protective factors that reduce violent offending among previously victimized children, and (b) whether certain protective factors are more or less important depending on the type and frequency of childhood victimization experienced. Data on young adults from Wave III of the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health are used (N = 13,116). Negative binomial regression models are estimated to examine the protective factors that promote resiliency to violent offending among individuals who reported being physically and sexually victimized as children. Results indicate that a number of individual and social protective factors reduce violent offending in young adulthood. With a few exceptions, these factors are specific to the type, frequency, and comorbidity of abuse experienced. The results suggest a number of promising approaches to break the cycle of violence among previously victimized children. Future research should move beyond explaining the cycle of violence to examine how the cycle may be broken.
Collapse
|
34
|
Sianko N, Hedge JM, McDonell JR. Differential Adjustment Among Rural Adolescents Exposed to Family Violence. JOURNAL OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE 2019; 34:712-740. [PMID: 27106255 PMCID: PMC5154777 DOI: 10.1177/0886260516645574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
This study examines differences in psychological adjustment in a sample of rural adolescents who have been exposed to family violence. Self-report questionnaires were administered to 580 adolescents and their primary caregivers. The results revealed that over two thirds of the study participants (68.8%) had been exposed to violence in their families. As hypothesized, cluster analysis identified several profiles among adolescents, distinguished by their psychological and emotional functioning: well adjusted (46.2%), moderately adjusted (44.3%), and struggling (9.5%). Discriminant function analysis confirmed the groupings and revealed that family functioning was among the most influential factors explaining adjustment differences. Multivariate analyses of variance (MANOVAs) further showed that adolescents from each of the three adjustment profiles reported significantly different levels of family social support, parental involvement, and perceived neighborhood safety. Overall, the results confirm heterogeneity of adolescent adaptation in the aftermath of family violence and provide insights into family and neighborhood factors that account for variability in adolescents' reactions to violence. Implications for future research and practical interventions are discussed.
Collapse
|
35
|
Review of Tools for Measuring Exposure to Adversity in Children and Adolescents. J Pediatr Health Care 2018; 32:564-583. [PMID: 30369409 DOI: 10.1016/j.pedhc.2018.04.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2018] [Accepted: 04/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Exposure to childhood adversity can result in negative behavioral and physical health outcomes due to potential long-term embedding into regulatory biological processes. Screening for exposure to adversity is a critical first step in identifying children at risk for developing a toxic stress response. We searched PubMed, PsycArticles, and CINAHL for studies published between January 1, 2012, and December 31, 2016, as well as other sources, to identify potential tools for measuring cumulative adversity in children and adolescents. We identified 32 tools and examined them for adversity categories, target population, administration time, administration qualifications and method, and reliability and validity. We also created a list of recommended tools that would be feasible for use by pediatric practitioners in most types of practice. This review provides a starting point for mobilizing screening in pediatric settings, highlighting the challenges with existing tools, and potential issues in the development and evaluation of future tools.
Collapse
|
36
|
Khambati N, Mahedy L, Heron J, Emond A. Educational and emotional health outcomes in adolescence following maltreatment in early childhood: A population-based study of protective factors. CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT 2018; 81:343-353. [PMID: 29793149 PMCID: PMC6013281 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2018.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2018] [Revised: 05/04/2018] [Accepted: 05/08/2018] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Although childhood maltreatment is associated with long-term impairment, some children function well despite this adversity. This study aimed to identify the key protective factors for good educational attainment and positive emotional health in adolescents who experienced maltreatment in early childhood. Data were analyzed from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children, a large UK prospective cohort study. The sample was defined by maternally reported exposure to physical or emotional maltreatment by a parent prior to 5 years. 1118 (8.0%) children were emotionally maltreated and 375 (2.7%) were physically maltreated before the age of 5. There were too few cases of sexual abuse to be considered. Positive outcomes were operationalized as achieving 5 or more grade A*-C GCSE exam grades at 16 years and scores above the cohort median on the self-report Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Wellbeing Scale and Bachmann Self-Esteem Scale at 17.5 years. The associations of individual, family and community covariates with successful adaptation to the adversity of maltreatment were investigated using logistic regression. School related factors, including engagement in extracurricular activities, satisfaction with school and not being bullied were the most important in facilitating resilience in educational attainment, self-esteem and wellbeing. Good communication and social skills was the most protective individual trait. There was insufficient evidence to suggest that family factors were associated with resilience to maltreatment. School-based interventions are recommended to promote positive adaptation following parental maltreatment. Future research should evaluate outcomes across the life-course to understand whether the protective influences of school persist into adulthood.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nisreen Khambati
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Oakfield House Oakfield Grove, Bristol, BS8 2BN, United Kingdom.
| | - Liam Mahedy
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Oakfield House Oakfield Grove, Bristol, BS8 2BN, United Kingdom
| | - Jon Heron
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Oakfield House Oakfield Grove, Bristol, BS8 2BN, United Kingdom
| | - Alan Emond
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Oakfield House Oakfield Grove, Bristol, BS8 2BN, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Hershberger MA, Jones MH. The influence of social relationships and school engagement on academic achievement in maltreated adolescents. J Adolesc 2018; 67:98-108. [PMID: 29933198 DOI: 10.1016/j.adolescence.2018.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2018] [Revised: 06/01/2018] [Accepted: 06/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Adolescents who have experienced maltreatment face many developmental and educational challenges compared with their non-maltreated peers. Research demonstrates the importance of social relationships in academic achievement among non-maltreated youth, and suggests the influence of parent and peer relationships for academic success in maltreated youth as well, including the potential benefit of school engagement. Data for the study comes from the first wave of the second National Survey of Child and Adolescent Well-Being (NSCAW II), a nationally-representative sample of children involved in Child Protective Services in the United States. The study finds that maltreated adolescents' perceptions of relationship quality with both parents and peers significantly predict academic achievement. In addition, results demonstrate a mediating effect of school engagement between parent and peer variables and some academic achievement outcomes.
Collapse
|
38
|
Meng X, Fleury MJ, Xiang YT, Li M, D'Arcy C. Resilience and protective factors among people with a history of child maltreatment: a systematic review. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 2018; 53:453-475. [PMID: 29349479 DOI: 10.1007/s00127-018-1485-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2017] [Accepted: 01/09/2018] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To provide an overview of resilience and protective factors associated with a better life following child maltreatment exposure, to compare protective factors across specific subtypes of maltreatment, and to explore existing issues in the current state of the literature. METHODS Electronic databases and grey literature up to October 2017 were systematically searched for English language with observational study designs for the research on resilience and childhood maltreatment. Systematic review and qualitative approaches were used to synthesize the results. Study quality and heterogeneity were also examined. RESULTS Initial screening of titles and abstracts resulted in 247 papers being reviewed. A total of 85 articles met eligibility criteria of this review. Most of these studies had low or middle study quality. There were two subgroups of studies reviewed: (1) 11 studies examined whether resilience protected against the negative consequence of childhood maltreatment, and, (2) 75 studies explored what protective factor was associated with a kind of adaptive functioning. Although the conceptualization of resilience significantly varied from study to study, protective factors associated with resilience at individual, familial, and societal levels reduced the likelihood of negative consequences of childhood maltreatment. Negative consequences following childhood maltreatment can be prevented or moderated if protective factors are provided in time. Future research needs to address the conceptualization issue of resilience. CONCLUSIONS Public and population mental health preventions should focus on early childhood and apply preventive strategies as early as possible. Cost-effective studies should be considered in the evaluation of resilience prevention program.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiangfei Meng
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, 6875 Boul. LaSalle, Montreal, QC, H4H 1R3, Canada. .,Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montreal, QC, Canada.
| | - Marie-Josee Fleury
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, 6875 Boul. LaSalle, Montreal, QC, H4H 1R3, Canada.,Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Yu-Tao Xiang
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR, China
| | - Muzi Li
- School of Public Health, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Carl D'Arcy
- School of Public Health, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Kwak Y, Mihalec-Adkins B, Mishra AA, Christ SL. Differential impacts of participation in organized activities and maltreatment types on adolescent academic and socioemotional development. CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT 2018; 78:107-117. [PMID: 28958780 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2017.09.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2017] [Revised: 08/17/2017] [Accepted: 09/18/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Participation in organized activities has been largely regarded as beneficial for academic and socioemotional development for adolescents, but the impacts of various types of organized activities for adolescents at risk for maltreatment have been rarely tested. In this study, we investigated the differential impacts of five types of maltreatment exposure (physical maltreatment, sexual maltreatment, neglect, other type, and multiple types) on the associations between four types of organized activities (mentored groups, art and music clubs, sport clubs, and academic clubs) and academic and socioemotional development (school engagement, delinquency, depressive symptoms, and trauma symptoms) of adolescents who were investigated by Child Protective Services (CPS) for maltreatment exposure. Data came from a national, longitudinal sample of 790 adolescents in contact with CPS in the U.S. After controlling for demographic characteristics of participants and prior levels of each outcome, multiple linear regression models were fitted to the data with interactions between the organized activities and the maltreatment types. The main findings of this study included: 1) adolescents who participated in mentored groups, sport clubs, and academic clubs reported higher levels of school engagement; 2) adolescents who participated in academic clubs reported fewer depressive symptoms; 3) adolescents who participated in art and music clubs reported more trauma symptoms compared to non-participants; and 4) the effects of participation in mentored groups on delinquency and trauma symptoms differed by maltreatment type. These results indicate both possible benefits and risks of organized activity participation for adolescents with certain maltreatment exposures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yoonyoung Kwak
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, Purdue University, 1202 W. State St., West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA.
| | - Brittany Mihalec-Adkins
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, Purdue University, 1202 W. State St., West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA.
| | - Aura A Mishra
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, Purdue University, 1202 W. State St., West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA.
| | - Sharon L Christ
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies and Department of Statistics, Purdue University, 1202 W. State St., West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Dickerson K, Flynn E, Levine LJ, Quas JA. Are emotions controllable? Maltreated and non-maltreated youth's implicit beliefs about emotion and aggressive tendencies. CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT 2018; 77:222-231. [PMID: 29407607 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2018.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2017] [Revised: 12/21/2017] [Accepted: 01/09/2018] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Although child maltreatment places youth at substantial risk for difficulties with emotion regulation and aggression, not all maltreated youth show these adverse effects, raising important questions about characteristics that discriminate those who do versus do not evidence long-term negative outcomes. The present investigation examined whether implicit beliefs about emotion moderated the association between maltreatment and aggression. Maltreated (n = 59) and community-matched (n = 66) youth were asked regarding their beliefs about emotion and aggressive behaviors. Beliefs about emotion were more strongly associated with aggression among maltreated youth, particularly physically abused youth. Maltreated youth who believed they had poor ability to control emotion reported significantly higher levels of aggression than comparison youth. However, maltreated youth who believed they had high ability to control emotion did not differ significantly in aggression from that of comparison youth. Findings offer unique insight into a factor that may increase or buffer maltreated youth's risk for aggression and thus highlight potential directions for interventions to reduce aggressive tendencies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kelli Dickerson
- University of California, Irvine, Department of Psychology and Social Behavior, 4201 SBSG, Irvine, CA 92697, United States
| | - Elinor Flynn
- University of California, Irvine, Department of Psychology and Social Behavior, 4201 SBSG, Irvine, CA 92697, United States
| | - Linda J Levine
- University of California, Irvine, Department of Psychology and Social Behavior, 4201 SBSG, Irvine, CA 92697, United States
| | - Jodi A Quas
- University of California, Irvine, Department of Psychology and Social Behavior, 4201 SBSG, Irvine, CA 92697, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Tung I, Noroña AN, Lee SS, Langley AK, Waterman JM. Temperamental sensitivity to early maltreatment and later family cohesion for externalizing behaviors in youth adopted from foster care. CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT 2018; 76:149-159. [PMID: 29102869 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2017.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2017] [Revised: 09/29/2017] [Accepted: 10/30/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Children in foster care frequently have histories of physical/sexual abuse and neglect, increasing their risk for externalizing behaviors (EB; e.g., aggression). According to the differential susceptibility theory, children with reactive temperaments (e.g., negative emotionality) may be particularly vulnerable to early maltreatment, but may also benefit the most from environmental enrichment such as family cohesion. In a high-risk longitudinal sample of 82 children adopted from foster care in Los Angeles County from 1996 and 2001, we examined predictions of EB from childhood to adolescence/young adulthood from temperament, preadoption maltreatment, and adoptive family cohesion. Overall, results from generalized linear models and generalized estimating equations (GEE) did not support differential susceptibility theory - specifically, youth with early reactive temperament did not exhibit heightened sensitivity to maltreatment nor to later adoptive family cohesion. Instead, reactive temperament was associated with higher EB at initial adoptive placement and escalating EB across childhood, controlling for age, gender, race-ethnicity, preadoption maltreatment, and adoptive family cohesion. Preadoption maltreatment history was unrelated to baseline EB, although sexual abuse history predicted escalating childhood EB post-adoption, whereas exposure to family violence (e.g., domestic violence) inversely predicted EB over time. By late adolescence/young adulthood 11-15 years post-adoption, rates of arrest and substance use in this sample were relatively comparable to normative populations of youth, although older age of adoption predicted more substance use in late adolescence/young adulthood. Findings highlight early reactive temperament and preadoption maltreatment as important risk factors to target for ameliorating patterns of EB growth in the first few years of adoption.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Irene Tung
- Department of Psychology, University of California, 1285 Franz Hall, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
| | - Amanda N Noroña
- Department of Psychology, University of California, 1285 Franz Hall, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Steve S Lee
- Department of Psychology, University of California, 1285 Franz Hall, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Audra K Langley
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, 757 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Jill M Waterman
- Department of Psychology, University of California, 1285 Franz Hall, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Happer K, Brown EJ, Sharma-Patel K. Children's resilience and trauma-specific cognitive behavioral therapy: Comparing resilience as an outcome, a trait, and a process. CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT 2017; 73:30-41. [PMID: 28942056 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2017.09.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2017] [Revised: 09/12/2017] [Accepted: 09/14/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Resilience, which is associated with relatively positive outcomes following negative life experiences, is an important research target in the field of child maltreatment (Luthar et al., 2000). The extant literature contains multiple conceptualizations of resilience, which hinders development in research and clinical utility. Three models emerge from the literature: resilience as an immediate outcome (i.e., behavioral or symptom response), resilience as a trait, and resilience as a dynamic process. The current study compared these models in youth undergoing trauma-specific cognitive behavioral therapy. Results provide the most support for resilience as a process, in which increase in resilience preceded associated decrease in posttraumatic stress and depressive symptoms. There was partial support for resilience conceptualized as an outcome, and minimal support for resilience as a trait. Results of the models are compared and discussed in the context of existing literature and in light of potential clinical implications for maltreated youth seeking treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kaitlin Happer
- St. John's University, 8000 Utopia Pkwy, Jamaica, NY 11439, United States.
| | - Elissa J Brown
- St. John's University, 8000 Utopia Pkwy, Jamaica, NY 11439, United States
| | - Komal Sharma-Patel
- St. John's University, 8000 Utopia Pkwy, Jamaica, NY 11439, United States
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Hinduja S, Patchin JW. Cultivating youth resilience to prevent bullying and cyberbullying victimization. CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT 2017; 73:51-62. [PMID: 28945996 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2017.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2017] [Revised: 08/30/2017] [Accepted: 09/09/2017] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
In an effort to better prevent and respond to bullying and cyberbullying, schools are recognizing a need to focus on positive youth development. One often-neglected developmental construct in this rubric is resilience, which can help students successfully respond to the variety of challenges they face. Enhancing this internal competency can complement the ever-present efforts of schools as they work to create a safe and supportive learning environment by shaping the external environment around the child. Based on a national sample of 1204 American youth between the ages of 12 and 17, we explore the relationship between resilience and experience with bullying and cyberbullying. We also examine whether resilient youth who were bullied (at school and online) were less likely to be significantly impacted at school. Results show resilience is a potent protective factor, both in preventing experience with bullying and mitigating its effect. Implications for school and community-based interventions are offered.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sameer Hinduja
- Florida Atlantic University, 5353 Parkside Drive, Jupiter, FL 33458-2906, USA.
| | - Justin W Patchin
- University of Wisconsin-Eau Claire, 105 Garfield Avenue, Eau Claire, WI 54702-4004, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Kwak Y, Lu T, Christ SL. Organized and Unstructured Activity Participation Among Adolescents Involved with Child Protective Services in the United States. CHILD & YOUTH CARE FORUM 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s10566-017-9392-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
|
45
|
Hebbani S, Srinivasan K. "I take up more responsibilities for my family's wellbeing" - A qualitative approach to the cultural aspects of resilience seen among young adults in Bengaluru, India. Asian J Psychiatr 2016; 22:28-33. [PMID: 27520891 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajp.2016.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2015] [Revised: 03/07/2016] [Accepted: 04/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Resilience refers to the pursuit of positive in the face of adversity. The present study using qualitative methods aimed to identify culture-specific factors linked to resilience. Participants, (N=31, aged 16-24 years) whose parents were being treated for chronic medical conditions or psychiatric disorders at St John's Medical College Hospital, Bengaluru, were studied using Focused group discussion and In-depth interviews. Using the 'Grounded theory' approach, two major themes were identified as important factors influencing resilience: (1) Family and socially defined roles/responsibilities and in particular adherence to traditionally defined social responsibilities. (2) Participation in rituals and experiencing spirituality. Application and relevance of these themes in promoting resilience among young vulnerable adults are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sudharshan Hebbani
- Division of Mental Health, St. John's Research Institute, Koramangala 100 ft Road, Bangalore 560034, India.
| | - Krishnamachari Srinivasan
- Division of Mental Health, St. John's Research Institute, Koramangala 100 ft Road, Bangalore 560034, India
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Abenayake C, Yoshiki M, Marasinghe A, Takashi Y, Masahiro I. Applicability of Extra-Local Methods for Assessing Community Resilience to Disasters : A Case of Sri Lanka. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1142/s1464333216500101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
This paper is focused on a practice that has been widely noted in South Asia, i.e. employing extra-local methods to assess community resilience with no or minimal attempts on localising. The objective of this paper is to assess the consistency/inconsistency and concordance/discordance of resilience levels computed by different extra-local assessment methods with reference to a Sri Lankan case. Community resilience levels were computed for 40 localities with three methods utilising secondary data. Statistical analysis revealed neither strong correlation ([Formula: see text]), ([Formula: see text]) or strong reliability (ICC [Formula: see text]) among the computed resilience levels, indicating inconsistency and discordance. The findings explained how the randomly selected extra-local assessment methods could produce different values. Hence, can the resilience building decisions based on such assessment methods also be inconsistent? This study suggests decision makers should revisit the practice of employing non-localised extra-local assessment methods without addressing the context-specific resilience building needs profoundly.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chethika Abenayake
- Information Science and Control Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagaoka University of Technology, 1603-1, Kamitomioka, Nagaoka, Niigata, 940-2188, Japan
| | - Mikami Yoshiki
- Department of Management and Information Systems Science, Nagaoka University of Technology, 1603-1 Kamitomioka, Nagaoka, Niigata, 940-2188, Japan
| | - Ashu Marasinghe
- Department of Management and Information Systems Science, Nagaoka University of Technology, 1603-1 Kamitomioka, Nagaoka, Niigata, 940-2188, Japan
| | - Yukawa Takashi
- Department of Management and Information Systems Science, Nagaoka University of Technology, 1603-1 Kamitomioka, Nagaoka, Niigata, 940-2188, Japan
| | - Iwahashi Masahiro
- Department of Electrical, Electronic and Information Engineering, Nagaoka University of Technology, 1603-1, Kamitomioka, Nagaoka, Niigata, 940-2188, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Diaconu-Gherasim LR, Măirean C. Perception of parenting styles and academic achievement: The mediating role of goal orientations. LEARNING AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lindif.2016.06.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
|
48
|
Cosco TD, Kaushal A, Richards M, Kuh D, Stafford M. Resilience measurement in later life: a systematic review and psychometric analysis. Health Qual Life Outcomes 2016; 14:16. [PMID: 26821587 PMCID: PMC4730639 DOI: 10.1186/s12955-016-0418-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2015] [Accepted: 01/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To systematically review and examine the psychometric properties of established resilience scales in older adults, i.e. ≥60 years. METHODS A systematic review of Scopus and Web of Science databases was undertaken using the search strategy "resilience" AND (ageing OR aging)". Independent title/abstract and fulltext screening were undertaken, identifying original peer-reviewed English articles that conducted psychometric validation studies of resilience metrics in samples aged ≥60 years. Data on the reliability/validity of the included metrics were extracted from primary studies. RESULTS Five thousand five hundred nine studies were identified by the database search, 426 used resilience psychometrics, and six psychometric analysis studies were included in the final analysis. These studies conducted analyses of the Connor Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC) and its shortened 10-item version (CD-RISC10), the Resilience Scale (RS) and its shortened 5- (RS-5) and 11- (RS-11) item versions, and the Brief Resilient Coping Scale (BRCS). All scales demonstrated acceptable levels of internal consistency, convergent/discriminant validity and theoretical construct validity. Factor structures for the RS, RS-11 and CD-RISC diverged from the structures in the original studies. CONCLUSION The RS, RS-5, RS-11, CD-RISC, CD-RISC10 and BRCS demonstrate psychometric robustness adequate for continued use in older populations. However, results from the current study and pre-existing theoretical construct validity studies most strongly support the use of the RS, with modest and preliminary support for the CD-RISC and BRCS, respectively. Future studies assessing the validity of these metrics in older populations, particularly with respect to factor structure, would further strengthen the case for the use of these scales.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T D Cosco
- MRC Unit for Lifelong Health and Ageing at UCL, 33 Bedford Place, London, WC1B 5JU, UK
| | - A Kaushal
- MRC Unit for Lifelong Health and Ageing at UCL, 33 Bedford Place, London, WC1B 5JU, UK
| | - M Richards
- MRC Unit for Lifelong Health and Ageing at UCL, 33 Bedford Place, London, WC1B 5JU, UK
| | - D Kuh
- MRC Unit for Lifelong Health and Ageing at UCL, 33 Bedford Place, London, WC1B 5JU, UK
| | - M Stafford
- MRC Unit for Lifelong Health and Ageing at UCL, 33 Bedford Place, London, WC1B 5JU, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Aloba O, Olabisi O, Aloba T. The 10-Item Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale: Factorial Structure, Reliability, Validity, and Correlates Among Student Nurses in Southwestern Nigeria. J Am Psychiatr Nurses Assoc 2016; 22:43-51. [PMID: 26929231 DOI: 10.1177/1078390316629971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The 10-item Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC) has demonstrated satisfactory psychometric properties as a measure of resilience in all the previous studies conducted in developed countries. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to explore the psychometric characteristics of the 10-item CD-RISC among students nurses in southwestern Nigeria. DESIGN This descriptive cross-sectional study involved a total of 449 student nurses who completed the 10-item CD-RISC in addition to measures of self-esteem, depression, religiosity, and psychological distress. RESULTS The scale demonstrated adequate reliability (Cronbach's α = .81) and satisfactory validity with significant correlations with the measures of self-esteem, depression, religiosity, and psychological distress. Factor analyses revealed that resilience was best explained by a two-factor construct. CONCLUSIONS The scale is a valid measure of resilience among Nigerian student nurses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Olutayo Aloba
- Olutayo Aloba, FWACPsych, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Osun State, Nigeria
| | - Oluseyi Olabisi
- Oluseyi Olabisi, BNSc, Federal School of Nursing Sciences, Saki, Oyo State, Nigeria
| | - Tolulope Aloba
- Tolulope Aloba, BNSc, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Osun State, Nigeria
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Domhardt M, Münzer A, Fegert JM, Goldbeck L. Resilience in Survivors of Child Sexual Abuse: A Systematic Review of the Literature. TRAUMA, VIOLENCE & ABUSE 2015; 16:476-93. [PMID: 25389279 DOI: 10.1177/1524838014557288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This review article summarizes empirical research on resilience in survivors of child sexual abuse (CSA) and discusses protective factors that are associated with adaptive functioning in spite of sexual victimization. METHODS A literature search to identify studies published up to November 2013 was performed within the databases PsycINFO, MEDLINE/PubMed, Web of Science, and PSYNDEXplus. Additional relevant studies were retrieved using a snowball technique. A total of 37 articles met the inclusion criteria and were included in the final sample. RESULTS In the studies included in this review, the percentage of CSA survivors who were found to have a normal level of functioning despite a history of sexual abuse ranged from 10% to 53%. The protective factors that had the best empirical support were found to be education, interpersonal and emotional competence, control beliefs, active coping, optimism, social attachment, external attribution of blame, and most importantly, support from the family and the wider social environment. CONCLUSIONS Preventive and clinical interventions for survivors of CSA should utilize psychoeducation and cognitive strategies that are adapted to the developmental level of the victim and that seek to enhance social support from significant others. Future research should focus on longitudinal research designs considering resilience rather as a dynamic process with multiple dimensions in a social and developmental context.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Domhardt
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Annika Münzer
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Jörg M Fegert
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Lutz Goldbeck
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| |
Collapse
|