1
|
Jin S, Tian H, Ti M, Song J, Hu Z, Zhang Z, Xin D, Chen Q, Zhu R. Genetic Analysis of Soybean Flower Size Phenotypes Based on Computer Vision and Genome-Wide Association Studies. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:7622. [PMID: 39062864 PMCID: PMC11277310 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25147622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2024] [Revised: 07/05/2024] [Accepted: 07/09/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The dimensions of organs such as flowers, leaves, and seeds are governed by processes of cellular proliferation and expansion. In soybeans, the dimensions of these organs exhibit a strong correlation with crop yield, quality, and other phenotypic traits. Nevertheless, there exists a scarcity of research concerning the regulatory genes influencing flower size, particularly within the soybean species. In this study, 309 samples of 3 soybean types (123 cultivar, 90 landrace, and 96 wild) were re-sequenced. The microscopic phenotype of soybean flower organs was photographed using a three-eye microscope, and the phenotypic data were extracted by means of computer vision. Pearson correlation analysis was employed to assess the relationship between petal and seed phenotypes, revealing a strong correlation between the sizes of these two organs. Through GWASs, SNP loci significantly associated with flower organ size were identified. Subsequently, haplotype analysis was conducted to screen for upstream and downstream genes of these loci, thereby identifying potential candidate genes. In total, 77 significant SNPs associated with vexil petals, 562 significant SNPs associated with wing petals, and 34 significant SNPs associated with keel petals were found. Candidate genes were screened by candidate sites, and haplotype analysis was performed on the candidate genes. Finally, the present investigation yielded 25 and 10 genes of notable significance through haplotype analysis in the vexil and wing regions, respectively. Notably, Glyma.07G234200, previously documented for its high expression across various plant organs, including flowers, pods, leaves, roots, and seeds, was among these identified genes. The research contributes novel insights to soybean breeding endeavors, particularly in the exploration of genes governing organ development, the selection of field materials, and the enhancement of crop yield. It played a role in the process of material selection during the growth period and further accelerated the process of soybean breeding material selection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Song Jin
- College of Agriculture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China (D.X.)
| | - Huilin Tian
- College of Agriculture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China (D.X.)
| | - Ming Ti
- College of Agriculture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China (D.X.)
| | - Jia Song
- College of Agriculture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China (D.X.)
| | - Zhenbang Hu
- College of Agriculture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China (D.X.)
- National Key Laboratory of Smart Farm Technolog and System, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Zhanguo Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Smart Farm Technolog and System, Harbin 150030, China
- College of Arts and Sciences, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Dawei Xin
- College of Agriculture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China (D.X.)
- National Key Laboratory of Smart Farm Technolog and System, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Qingshan Chen
- College of Agriculture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China (D.X.)
- National Key Laboratory of Smart Farm Technolog and System, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Rongsheng Zhu
- National Key Laboratory of Smart Farm Technolog and System, Harbin 150030, China
- College of Arts and Sciences, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Montgomery J, Morran S, MacGregor DR, McElroy JS, Neve P, Neto C, Vila-Aiub MM, Sandoval MV, Menéndez AI, Kreiner JM, Fan L, Caicedo AL, Maughan PJ, Martins BAB, Mika J, Collavo A, Merotto A, Subramanian NK, Bagavathiannan MV, Cutti L, Islam MM, Gill BS, Cicchillo R, Gast R, Soni N, Wright TR, Zastrow-Hayes G, May G, Malone JM, Sehgal D, Kaundun SS, Dale RP, Vorster BJ, Peters B, Lerchl J, Tranel PJ, Beffa R, Fournier-Level A, Jugulam M, Fengler K, Llaca V, Patterson EL, Gaines TA. Current status of community resources and priorities for weed genomics research. Genome Biol 2024; 25:139. [PMID: 38802856 PMCID: PMC11129445 DOI: 10.1186/s13059-024-03274-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Weeds are attractive models for basic and applied research due to their impacts on agricultural systems and capacity to swiftly adapt in response to anthropogenic selection pressures. Currently, a lack of genomic information precludes research to elucidate the genetic basis of rapid adaptation for important traits like herbicide resistance and stress tolerance and the effect of evolutionary mechanisms on wild populations. The International Weed Genomics Consortium is a collaborative group of scientists focused on developing genomic resources to impact research into sustainable, effective weed control methods and to provide insights about stress tolerance and adaptation to assist crop breeding.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jacob Montgomery
- Department of Agricultural Biology, Colorado State University, 1177 Campus Delivery, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA
| | - Sarah Morran
- Department of Agricultural Biology, Colorado State University, 1177 Campus Delivery, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA
| | - Dana R MacGregor
- Protecting Crops and the Environment, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, Hertfordshire, UK
| | - J Scott McElroy
- Department of Crop, Soil, and Environmental Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
| | - Paul Neve
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Taastrup, Denmark
| | - Célia Neto
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Taastrup, Denmark
| | - Martin M Vila-Aiub
- IFEVA-Conicet-Department of Ecology, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | - Analia I Menéndez
- Department of Ecology, Faculty of Agronomy, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Julia M Kreiner
- Department of Botany, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Longjiang Fan
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ana L Caicedo
- Department of Biology, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - Peter J Maughan
- Department of Plant and Wildlife Sciences, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, USA
| | | | - Jagoda Mika
- Bayer AG, Weed Control Research, Frankfurt, Germany
| | | | - Aldo Merotto
- Department of Crop Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande Do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande Do Sul, Brazil
| | - Nithya K Subramanian
- Department of Soil and Crop Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | | | - Luan Cutti
- Department of Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | | | - Bikram S Gill
- Department of Plant Pathology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA
| | - Robert Cicchillo
- Crop Protection Discovery and Development, Corteva Agriscience, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Roger Gast
- Crop Protection Discovery and Development, Corteva Agriscience, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Neeta Soni
- Crop Protection Discovery and Development, Corteva Agriscience, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Terry R Wright
- Genome Center of Excellence, Corteva Agriscience, Johnston, IA, USA
| | | | - Gregory May
- Genome Center of Excellence, Corteva Agriscience, Johnston, IA, USA
| | - Jenna M Malone
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, South Australia, Australia
| | - Deepmala Sehgal
- Jealott's Hill International Research Centre, Syngenta Ltd, Bracknell, Berkshire, UK
| | - Shiv Shankhar Kaundun
- Jealott's Hill International Research Centre, Syngenta Ltd, Bracknell, Berkshire, UK
| | - Richard P Dale
- Jealott's Hill International Research Centre, Syngenta Ltd, Bracknell, Berkshire, UK
| | - Barend Juan Vorster
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Bodo Peters
- Bayer AG, Weed Control Research, Frankfurt, Germany
| | | | - Patrick J Tranel
- Department of Crop Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Roland Beffa
- Senior Scientist Consultant, Herbicide Resistance Action Committee / CropLife International, Liederbach, Germany
| | | | - Mithila Jugulam
- Department of Agronomy, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA
| | - Kevin Fengler
- Genome Center of Excellence, Corteva Agriscience, Johnston, IA, USA
| | - Victor Llaca
- Genome Center of Excellence, Corteva Agriscience, Johnston, IA, USA
| | - Eric L Patterson
- Department of Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Todd A Gaines
- Department of Agricultural Biology, Colorado State University, 1177 Campus Delivery, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Chen J, Liu L, Chen G, Wang S, Liu Y, Zhang Z, Li H, Wang L, Zhou Z, Zhao J, Zhang X. CsRAXs negatively regulate leaf size and fruiting ability through auxin glycosylation in cucumber. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 66:1024-1037. [PMID: 38578173 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.13655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
Leaves are the main photosynthesis organ that directly determines crop yield and biomass. Dissecting the regulatory mechanism of leaf development is crucial for food security and ecosystem turn-over. Here, we identified the novel function of R2R3-MYB transcription factors CsRAXs in regulating cucumber leaf size and fruiting ability. Csrax5 single mutant exhibited enlarged leaf size and stem diameter, and Csrax1/2/5 triple mutant displayed further enlargement phenotype. Overexpression of CsRAX1 or CsRAX5 gave rise to smaller leaf and thinner stem. The fruiting ability of Csrax1/2/5 plants was significantly enhanced, while that of CsRAX5 overexpression lines was greatly weakened. Similarly, cell number and free auxin level were elevated in mutant plants while decreased in overexpression lines. Biochemical data indicated that CsRAX1/5 directly promoted the expression of auxin glucosyltransferase gene CsUGT74E2. Therefore, our data suggested that CsRAXs function as repressors for leaf size development by promoting auxin glycosylation to decrease free auxin level and cell division in cucumber. Our findings provide new gene targets for cucumber breeding with increased leaf size and crop yield.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiacai Chen
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops, Department of Vegetable Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Liu Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops, Department of Vegetable Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Guangxin Chen
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops, Department of Vegetable Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Shaoyun Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops, Department of Vegetable Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Ye Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops, Department of Vegetable Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Zeqin Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops, Department of Vegetable Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Hongfei Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops, Department of Vegetable Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Liming Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops, Department of Vegetable Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Zhaoyang Zhou
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops, Department of Vegetable Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Jianyu Zhao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops, Department of Vegetable Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Xiaolan Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops, Department of Vegetable Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Shikha D, Kumar A, Pandey AK, Satbhai SB. SOD-GIF-FIT module controls plant organ size and iron uptake. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 29:497-500. [PMID: 37973440 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2023.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2023] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Plant organ growth is controlled by various internal and external cues. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms that coordinate plant organ growth and nutrient homeostasis remain largely unknown. Recently, Zheng et al. identified the key regulators SOD7 (suppressor of da1-1) and GRF-INTERACTING FACTOR1 (GIF1) that control organ size and iron uptake in arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Deep Shikha
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Mohali, SAS Nagar, Punjab 140306, India
| | - Ankit Kumar
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Mohali, SAS Nagar, Punjab 140306, India
| | - Ajay K Pandey
- Department of Biotechnology, National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute, Sector 81, Sahibzada Ajit Singh Nagar, Punjab 140306, India
| | - Santosh B Satbhai
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Mohali, SAS Nagar, Punjab 140306, India.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Wang Y, Qin M, Zhang G, Lu J, Zhang C, Ma N, Sun X, Gao J. Transcription factor RhRAP2.4L orchestrates cell proliferation and expansion to control petal size in rose. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 194:2338-2353. [PMID: 38084893 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiad657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
Maintaining proper flower size is vital for plant reproduction and adaption to the environment. Petal size is determined by spatiotemporally regulated cell proliferation and expansion. However, the mechanisms underlying the orchestration of cell proliferation and expansion during petal growth remains elusive. Here, we determined that the transition from cell proliferation to expansion involves a series of distinct and overlapping processes during rose (Rosa hybrida) petal growth. Changes in cytokinin content were associated with the transition from cell proliferation to expansion during petal growth. RNA sequencing identified the AP2/ERF transcription factor gene RELATED TO AP2 4-LIKE (RhRAP2.4L), whose expression pattern positively associated with cytokinin levels during rose petal development. Silencing RhRAP2.4L promoted the transition from cell proliferation to expansion and decreased petal size. RhRAP2.4L regulates cell proliferation by directly repressing the expression of KIP RELATED PROTEIN 2 (RhKRP2), encoding a cell cycle inhibitor. In addition, we also identified BIG PETALub (RhBPEub) as another direct target gene of RhRAP2.4L. Silencing RhBPEub decreased cell size, leading to reduced petal size. Furthermore, the cytokinin signaling protein ARABIDOPSIS RESPONSE REGULATOR 14 (RhARR14) activated RhRAP2.4L expression to inhibit the transition from cell proliferation to expansion, thereby regulating petal size. Our results demonstrate that RhRAP2.4L performs dual functions in orchestrating cell proliferation and expansion during petal growth.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yaru Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Development and Quality Control of Ornamental Crops, Department of Ornamental Horticulture, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Meizhu Qin
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Development and Quality Control of Ornamental Crops, Department of Ornamental Horticulture, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Guifang Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Development and Quality Control of Ornamental Crops, Department of Ornamental Horticulture, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jingyun Lu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Development and Quality Control of Ornamental Crops, Department of Ornamental Horticulture, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Chengkun Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Development and Quality Control of Ornamental Crops, Department of Ornamental Horticulture, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Nan Ma
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Development and Quality Control of Ornamental Crops, Department of Ornamental Horticulture, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xiaoming Sun
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Development and Quality Control of Ornamental Crops, Department of Ornamental Horticulture, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Junping Gao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Development and Quality Control of Ornamental Crops, Department of Ornamental Horticulture, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Braat J, Havaux M. The SIAMESE family of cell-cycle inhibitors in the response of plants to environmental stresses. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 15:1362460. [PMID: 38434440 PMCID: PMC10904545 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1362460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
Environmental abiotic constraints are known to reduce plant growth. This effect is largely due to the inhibition of cell division in the leaf and root meristems caused by perturbations of the cell cycle machinery. Progression of the cell cycle is regulated by CDK kinases whose phosphorylation activities are dependent on cyclin proteins. Recent results have emphasized the role of inhibitors of the cyclin-CDK complexes in the impairment of the cell cycle and the resulting growth inhibition under environmental constraints. Those cyclin-CDK inhibitors (CKIs) include the KRP and SIAMESE families of proteins. This review presents the current knowledge on how CKIs respond to environmental changes and on the role played by one subclass of CKIs, the SIAMESE RELATED proteins (SMRs), in the tolerance of plants to abiotic stresses. The SMRs could play a central role in adjusting the balance between growth and stress defenses in plants exposed to environmental stresses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Michel Havaux
- Aix Marseille University, CEA, CNRS UMR7265, Bioscience and Biotechnology Institute of Aix Marseille, Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Jing W, Gong F, Liu G, Deng Y, Liu J, Yang W, Sun X, Li Y, Gao J, Zhou X, Ma N. Petal size is controlled by the MYB73/TPL/HDA19-miR159-CKX6 module regulating cytokinin catabolism in Rosa hybrida. Nat Commun 2023; 14:7106. [PMID: 37925502 PMCID: PMC10625627 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-42914-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The size of plant lateral organs is determined by well-coordinated cell proliferation and cell expansion. Here, we report that miR159, an evolutionarily conserved microRNA, plays an essential role in regulating cell division in rose (Rosa hybrida) petals by modulating cytokinin catabolism. We uncover that Cytokinin Oxidase/Dehydrogenase6 (CKX6) is a target of miR159 in petals. Knocking down miR159 levels results in the accumulation of CKX6 transcripts and earlier cytokinin clearance, leading to a shortened cell division period and smaller petals. Conversely, knocking down CKX6 causes cytokinin accumulation and a prolonged developmental cell division period, mimicking the effects of exogenous cytokinin application. MYB73, a R2R3-type MYB transcription repressor, recruits a co-repressor (TOPLESS) and a histone deacetylase (HDA19) to form a suppression complex, which regulates MIR159 expression by modulating histone H3 lysine 9 acetylation levels at the MIR159 promoter. Our work sheds light on mechanisms for ensuring the correct timing of the exit from the cell division phase and thus organ size regulation by controlling cytokinin catabolism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Weikun Jing
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Development and Quality Control of Ornamental Crops, Department of Ornamental Horticulture, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
- Flower Research Institute of Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, 650205, China
- School of Food and Medicine, Shenzhen Polytechnic, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China
| | - Feifei Gong
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Development and Quality Control of Ornamental Crops, Department of Ornamental Horticulture, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Guoqin Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Development and Quality Control of Ornamental Crops, Department of Ornamental Horticulture, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
- College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Yinglong Deng
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Development and Quality Control of Ornamental Crops, Department of Ornamental Horticulture, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Jiaqi Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Development and Quality Control of Ornamental Crops, Department of Ornamental Horticulture, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Wenjing Yang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Development and Quality Control of Ornamental Crops, Department of Ornamental Horticulture, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Xiaoming Sun
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Development and Quality Control of Ornamental Crops, Department of Ornamental Horticulture, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yonghong Li
- School of Food and Medicine, Shenzhen Polytechnic, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China
| | - Junping Gao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Development and Quality Control of Ornamental Crops, Department of Ornamental Horticulture, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Xiaofeng Zhou
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Development and Quality Control of Ornamental Crops, Department of Ornamental Horticulture, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China.
| | - Nan Ma
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Development and Quality Control of Ornamental Crops, Department of Ornamental Horticulture, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Pérez-Rojas M, Díaz-Ramírez D, Ortíz-Ramírez CI, Galaz-Ávalos RM, Loyola-Vargas VM, Ferrándiz C, Abraham-Juárez MDR, Marsch-Martínez N. The Role of Cytokinins during the Development of Strawberry Flowers and Receptacles. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:3672. [PMID: 37960026 PMCID: PMC10649685 DOI: 10.3390/plants12213672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
Cytokinins play a relevant role in flower and fruit development and plant yield. Strawberry fruits have a high commercial value, although what is known as the "fruit" is not a "true" botanical fruit because it develops from a non-reproductive organ (receptacle) on which the true botanical fruits (achenes) are found. Given cytokinins' roles in botanical fruits, it is important to understand their participation in the development of a non-botanical or accessory "fruit". Therefore, in this work, the role of cytokinin in strawberry flowers and fruits was investigated by identifying and exploring the expression of homologous genes for different families that participate in the pathway, through publicly available genomic and expression data analyses. Next, trans-zeatin content in developing flowers and receptacles was determined. A high concentration was observed in flower buds and at anthesis and decreased as the fruit approached maturity. Moreover, the spatio-temporal expression pattern of selected CKX genes was evaluated and detected in receptacles at pre-anthesis stages. The results point to an important role and effect of cytokinins in flower and receptacle development, which is valuable both from a biological point of view and to improve yield and the quality of this fruit.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Moises Pérez-Rojas
- Departamento de Biotecnología y Bioquímica, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Irapuato 36824, Mexico; (M.P.-R.); (D.D.-R.)
| | - David Díaz-Ramírez
- Departamento de Biotecnología y Bioquímica, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Irapuato 36824, Mexico; (M.P.-R.); (D.D.-R.)
| | - Clara Inés Ortíz-Ramírez
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas—Universidad Politécnica de Valencia (CSIC-UPV), 46022 Valencia, Spain; (C.I.O.-R.); (C.F.)
| | - Rosa M. Galaz-Ávalos
- Unidad de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular de Plantas, Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán, Mérida 97205, Mexico; (R.M.G.-Á.); (V.M.L.-V.)
| | - Víctor M. Loyola-Vargas
- Unidad de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular de Plantas, Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán, Mérida 97205, Mexico; (R.M.G.-Á.); (V.M.L.-V.)
| | - Cristina Ferrándiz
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas—Universidad Politécnica de Valencia (CSIC-UPV), 46022 Valencia, Spain; (C.I.O.-R.); (C.F.)
| | | | - Nayelli Marsch-Martínez
- Departamento de Biotecnología y Bioquímica, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Irapuato 36824, Mexico; (M.P.-R.); (D.D.-R.)
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Li X, Xi D, Gao L, Zhu H, Yang X, Song X, Zhang C, Miao L, Zhang D, Zhang Z, Hou X, Zhu Y, Wei M. Integrated Transcriptome and Proteome Analysis Revealed the Regulatory Mechanism of Hypocotyl Elongation in Pakchoi. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13808. [PMID: 37762111 PMCID: PMC10531338 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241813808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2023] [Revised: 09/02/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypocotyl length is a critical determinant for the efficiency of mechanical harvesting in pakchoi production, but the knowledge on the molecular regulation of hypocotyl growth is very limited. Here, we report a spontaneous mutant of pakchoi, lhy7.1, and identified its characteristics. We found that it has an elongated hypocotyl phenotype compared to the wild type caused by the longitudinal growth of hypocotyl cells. Different light quality treatments, transcriptome, and proteomic analyses were performed to reveal the molecular mechanisms of hypocotyl elongation. The data showed that the hypocotyl length of lhy7.1 was significantly longer than that of WT under red, blue, and white lights but there was no significant difference under dark conditions. Furthermore, we used transcriptome and label-free proteome analyses to investigate differences in gene and protein expression levels between lhy7.1 and WT. At the transcript level, 4568 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified, which were mainly enriched in "plant hormone signal transduction", "photosynthesis", "photosynthesis-antenna proteins", and "carbon fixation in photosynthetic organisms" pathways. At the protein level, 1007 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) were identified and were mainly enriched in photosynthesis-related pathways. The comprehensive transcriptome and proteome analyses revealed a regulatory network of hypocotyl elongation involving plant hormone signal transduction and photosynthesis-related pathways. The findings of this study help elucidate the regulatory mechanisms of hypocotyl elongation in lhy7.1.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofeng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an 271018, China;
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Protected Horticultural Technology, Horticultural Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201403, China; (D.X.); (L.G.); (H.Z.); (X.Y.); (L.M.); (D.Z.); (Z.Z.)
| | - Dandan Xi
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Protected Horticultural Technology, Horticultural Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201403, China; (D.X.); (L.G.); (H.Z.); (X.Y.); (L.M.); (D.Z.); (Z.Z.)
| | - Lu Gao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Protected Horticultural Technology, Horticultural Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201403, China; (D.X.); (L.G.); (H.Z.); (X.Y.); (L.M.); (D.Z.); (Z.Z.)
| | - Hongfang Zhu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Protected Horticultural Technology, Horticultural Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201403, China; (D.X.); (L.G.); (H.Z.); (X.Y.); (L.M.); (D.Z.); (Z.Z.)
| | - Xiuke Yang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Protected Horticultural Technology, Horticultural Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201403, China; (D.X.); (L.G.); (H.Z.); (X.Y.); (L.M.); (D.Z.); (Z.Z.)
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (C.Z.); (X.H.)
| | - Xiaoming Song
- College of Life Sciences, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan 063210, China;
| | - Changwei Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (C.Z.); (X.H.)
| | - Liming Miao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Protected Horticultural Technology, Horticultural Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201403, China; (D.X.); (L.G.); (H.Z.); (X.Y.); (L.M.); (D.Z.); (Z.Z.)
| | - Dingyu Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Protected Horticultural Technology, Horticultural Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201403, China; (D.X.); (L.G.); (H.Z.); (X.Y.); (L.M.); (D.Z.); (Z.Z.)
| | - Zhaohui Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Protected Horticultural Technology, Horticultural Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201403, China; (D.X.); (L.G.); (H.Z.); (X.Y.); (L.M.); (D.Z.); (Z.Z.)
| | - Xilin Hou
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (C.Z.); (X.H.)
| | - Yuying Zhu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Protected Horticultural Technology, Horticultural Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201403, China; (D.X.); (L.G.); (H.Z.); (X.Y.); (L.M.); (D.Z.); (Z.Z.)
| | - Min Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an 271018, China;
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Mao Y, Zhou S, Yang J, Wen J, Wang D, Zhou X, Wu X, He L, Liu M, Wu H, Yang L, Zhao B, Tadege M, Liu Y, Liu C, Chen J. The MIO1-MtKIX8 module regulates the organ size in Medicago truncatula. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2023; 175:e14046. [PMID: 37882293 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.14046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
Plant organ size is an important agronomic trait tightly related to crop yield. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying organ size regulation remain largely unexplored in legumes. We previously characterized a key regulator F-box protein MINI ORGAN1 (MIO1)/SMALL LEAF AND BUSHY1 (SLB1), which controls plant organ size in the model legume Medicago truncatula. In order to further dissect the molecular mechanism, MIO1 was used as the bait to screen its interacting proteins from a yeast library. Subsequently, a KIX protein, designated MtKIX8, was identified from the candidate list. The interaction between MIO1 and MtKIX8 was confirmed further by Y2H, BiFC, split-luciferase complementation and pull-down assays. Phylogenetic analyses indicated that MtKIX8 is highly homologous to Arabidopsis KIX8, which negatively regulates organ size. Moreover, loss-of-function of MtKIX8 led to enlarged leaves and seeds, while ectopic expression of MtKIX8 in Arabidopsis resulted in decreased cotyledon area and seed weight. Quantitative reverse-transcription PCR and in situ hybridization showed that MtKIX8 is expressed in most developing organs. We also found that MtKIX8 serves as a crucial molecular adaptor, facilitating interactions with BIG SEEDS1 (BS1) and MtTOPLESS (MtTPL) proteins in M. truncatula. Overall, our results suggest that the MIO1-MtKIX8 module plays a significant and conserved role in the regulation of plant organ size. This module could be a good target for molecular breeding in legume crops and forages.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yawen Mao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Plant Resources and Sustainable Use, CAS Center for Excellence for Molecular Plant Science, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shaoli Zhou
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Plant Resources and Sustainable Use, CAS Center for Excellence for Molecular Plant Science, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Plant Resources and Sustainable Use, CAS Center for Excellence for Molecular Plant Science, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
- School of Ecology and Environmental Science, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - Jiangqi Wen
- Institute for Agricultural Biosciences, Oklahoma State University, Ardmore, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Dongfa Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Plant Resources and Sustainable Use, CAS Center for Excellence for Molecular Plant Science, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
- School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Xuan Zhou
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Plant Resources and Sustainable Use, CAS Center for Excellence for Molecular Plant Science, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xinyuan Wu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Plant Resources and Sustainable Use, CAS Center for Excellence for Molecular Plant Science, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Liangliang He
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Plant Resources and Sustainable Use, CAS Center for Excellence for Molecular Plant Science, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Mingli Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Plant Resources and Sustainable Use, CAS Center for Excellence for Molecular Plant Science, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
- Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, China
| | - Huan Wu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Plant Resources and Sustainable Use, CAS Center for Excellence for Molecular Plant Science, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
- School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Liling Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Plant Resources and Sustainable Use, CAS Center for Excellence for Molecular Plant Science, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Baolin Zhao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Plant Resources and Sustainable Use, CAS Center for Excellence for Molecular Plant Science, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Million Tadege
- Institute for Agricultural Biosciences, Oklahoma State University, Ardmore, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Yu Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Plant Resources and Sustainable Use, CAS Center for Excellence for Molecular Plant Science, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Changning Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Plant Resources and Sustainable Use, CAS Center for Excellence for Molecular Plant Science, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Jianghua Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Plant Resources and Sustainable Use, CAS Center for Excellence for Molecular Plant Science, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- School of Ecology and Environmental Science, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Yang X, Wilkinson LG, Aubert MK, Houston K, Shirley NJ, Tucker MR. Ovule cell wall composition is a maternal determinant of grain size in barley. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2023; 237:2136-2147. [PMID: 36600397 DOI: 10.1111/nph.18714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
In cereal species, grain size is influenced by growth of the ovule integuments (seed coat), the spikelet hull (lemma and palea) and the filial endosperm. Whether a highly conserved ovule tissue, the nucellus, has any impact on grain size has remained unclear. Immunolabelling revealed that the barley nucellus comprises two distinct cell types that differ in terms of cell wall homogalacturonan (HG) accumulation. Transcriptional profiling of the nucellus identified two pectin methylesterase (PME) genes, OVULE PECTIN MODIFIER 1 (OPM1) and OPM2, which are expressed in the unfertilized ovule but absent from the seed. Ovules from an opm1 opm2 mutant and plants expressing an ovule-specific pectin methylesterase inhibitor (PMEI), exhibit reduced HG accumulation. This results in changes to ovule cell size and shape and ovules that are longer than wild-type (WT) controls. At grain maturity, this is manifested as significantly longer grain. These findings indicate that cell wall composition during ovule development acts to limit ovule and seed growth. The investigation of ovule PME and PMEI activity reveals an unexpected role of maternal tissues in controlling grain growth before fertilization, one that has been lacking from models exploring improvements in grain size.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiujuan Yang
- Waite Research Institute, School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, The University of Adelaide, Urrbrae, SA, 5064, Australia
| | - Laura G Wilkinson
- Waite Research Institute, School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, The University of Adelaide, Urrbrae, SA, 5064, Australia
| | - Matthew K Aubert
- Waite Research Institute, School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, The University of Adelaide, Urrbrae, SA, 5064, Australia
- Australian Grain Technologies, 100 Byfield Street, Northam, WA, 6401, Australia
| | - Kelly Houston
- The James Hutton Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee, DD2 5DA, UK
| | - Neil J Shirley
- Waite Research Institute, School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, The University of Adelaide, Urrbrae, SA, 5064, Australia
| | - Matthew R Tucker
- Waite Research Institute, School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, The University of Adelaide, Urrbrae, SA, 5064, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Characterization and expression analysis of bHLH transcription factors reveal their putative regulatory effects on nectar spur development in Aquilegia species. Gene 2023; 852:147057. [PMID: 36410606 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2022.147057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Nectar spur is a hollow extension of certain flower parts and shows strikingly diverse size and shape in Aquilegia. Nectar spur development is involved in cell division and expansion processes. The basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcription factors (TFs) control a diversity of organ morphogenesis, including cell division and cell expansion processes. However, the role of bHLH genes in nectar spur development in Aquilegia is mainly unknown. We conducted a genome-wide identification of the bHLH gene family in Aquilegia to determine structural characteristics and phylogenetic relationships, and to analyze expression profiles of these genes during the development of nectar spur in spurless and spurred species. A total of 120 AqbHLH genes were identified from the Aquilegia coerulea genome. The phylogenetic tree showed that AqbHLH proteins were divided into 15 subfamilies, among which S7 and S8 subfamilies occurred marked expansion. The AqbHLH genes in the same clade had similar motif composition and gene structure characteristics. Conserved residue analysis indicated nineteen residues with conservation of more than 50% were found in the four conserved regions. In the upstream sequence of AqbHLH genes, the light-responsive element was the most abundant cis-acting element. Eighteen AqbHLH genes showed syntenic relationships, and eight genes from four syntenic pairs underwent tandem duplications. According to the expression profiling analysis by public RNA-Seq data and qRT-PCR results, five AqbHLH genes, including AqbHLH027, AqbHLH046, AqbHLH082, AqbHLH083 and AqbHLH092, were differentially expressed between different tissues in A. coerulea at early developmental stages, as well as between spurless and spurred Aquilegia species. Of them, AqbHLH046 was not only highly expressed in spur compared with blade, but also showed higher expression levels in spurred species than spurless specie, suggesting it plays an essential role in the development of spur by regulating cell division. This study lays a foundation to investigate the function of AqbHLH genes family in nectar spur development, and has potential implications for speciation and genetic breeding in the genus Aquilegia.
Collapse
|
13
|
Tabeta H, Gunji S, Kawade K, Ferjani A. Leaf-size control beyond transcription factors: Compensatory mechanisms. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 13:1024945. [PMID: 36756231 PMCID: PMC9901582 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1024945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Plant leaves display abundant morphological richness yet grow to characteristic sizes and shapes. Beginning with a small number of undifferentiated founder cells, leaves evolve via a complex interplay of regulatory factors that ultimately influence cell proliferation and subsequent post-mitotic cell enlargement. During their development, a sequence of key events that shape leaves is both robustly executed spatiotemporally following a genomic molecular network and flexibly tuned by a variety of environmental stimuli. Decades of work on Arabidopsis thaliana have revisited the compensatory phenomena that might reflect a general and primary size-regulatory mechanism in leaves. This review focuses on key molecular and cellular events behind the organ-wide scale regulation of compensatory mechanisms. Lastly, emerging novel mechanisms of metabolic and hormonal regulation are discussed, based on recent advances in the field that have provided insights into, among other phenomena, leaf-size regulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hiromitsu Tabeta
- Department of Life Sciences, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Biology, Tokyo Gakugei University, Tokyo, Japan
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Shizuka Gunji
- Department of Biology, Tokyo Gakugei University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kensuke Kawade
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Japan
- National Institute for Basic Biology, Okazaki, Japan
- Department of Basic Biology, School of Life Science, Graduate University for Advanced Studies (SOKENDAI), Okazaki, Japan
| | - Ali Ferjani
- Department of Biology, Tokyo Gakugei University, Tokyo, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Creff A, Ali O, Bied C, Bayle V, Ingram G, Landrein B. Evidence that endosperm turgor pressure both promotes and restricts seed growth and size. Nat Commun 2023; 14:67. [PMID: 36604410 PMCID: PMC9814827 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-35542-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In plants, as in animals, organ growth depends on mechanical interactions between cells and tissues, and is controlled by both biochemical and mechanical cues. Here, we investigate the control of seed size, a key agronomic trait, by mechanical interactions between two compartments: the endosperm and the testa. By combining experiments with computational modelling, we present evidence that endosperm pressure plays two antagonistic roles: directly driving seed growth, but also indirectly inhibiting it through tension it generates in the surrounding testa, which promotes wall stiffening. We show that our model can recapitulate wild type growth patterns, and is consistent with the small seed phenotype of the haiku2 mutant, and the results of osmotic treatments. Our work suggests that a developmental regulation of endosperm pressure is required to prevent a precocious reduction of seed growth rate induced by force-dependent seed coat stiffening.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Audrey Creff
- Laboratoire Reproduction et Développement des Plantes, Université de Lyon, ENS de Lyon, UCB Lyon, CNRS, INRAE, INRIA, F-69342, Lyon, 69364 Cedex 07, France
| | - Olivier Ali
- Laboratoire Reproduction et Développement des Plantes, Université de Lyon, ENS de Lyon, UCB Lyon, CNRS, INRAE, INRIA, F-69342, Lyon, 69364 Cedex 07, France.
| | - Camille Bied
- Laboratoire Reproduction et Développement des Plantes, Université de Lyon, ENS de Lyon, UCB Lyon, CNRS, INRAE, INRIA, F-69342, Lyon, 69364 Cedex 07, France
| | - Vincent Bayle
- Laboratoire Reproduction et Développement des Plantes, Université de Lyon, ENS de Lyon, UCB Lyon, CNRS, INRAE, INRIA, F-69342, Lyon, 69364 Cedex 07, France
| | - Gwyneth Ingram
- Laboratoire Reproduction et Développement des Plantes, Université de Lyon, ENS de Lyon, UCB Lyon, CNRS, INRAE, INRIA, F-69342, Lyon, 69364 Cedex 07, France.
| | - Benoit Landrein
- Laboratoire Reproduction et Développement des Plantes, Université de Lyon, ENS de Lyon, UCB Lyon, CNRS, INRAE, INRIA, F-69342, Lyon, 69364 Cedex 07, France.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Wang L, Zhang S, Zhang Y, Li J, Zhang Y, Zhou D, Li C, He L, Li H, Wang F, Gao J. Integrative analysis of physiology, biochemistry and transcriptome reveals the mechanism of leaf size formation in Chinese cabbage ( Brassica rapa L. ssp. pekinensis). FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1183398. [PMID: 37089651 PMCID: PMC10118011 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1183398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Introduction The leaf, the main product organ, is an essential factor in determining the Chinese cabbage growth, yield and quality. Methods To explore the regulatory mechanism of leaf size development of Chinese cabbage, we investigated the leaf size difference between two high-generation inbred lines of Chinese cabbage, Y2 (large leaf) and Y7 (small leaf). Furtherly, the transcriptome and cis-acting elements analyses were conducted. Results and Discussion According to our results, Y2 exhibited a higher growth rate than Y7 during the whole growth stage. In addition, the significant higher leaf number was observed in Y2 than in Y7. There was no significant difference in the number of epidermal cells and guard cells per square millimeter between Y2 and Y7 leaves. It indicated that cell numbers caused the difference in leaf size. The measurement of phytohormone content confirmed that GA1 and GA3 mainly play essential roles in the early stage of leaf growth, and IPA and ABA were in the whole leaf growth period in regulating the cell proliferation difference between Y2 and Y7. Transcriptome analysis revealed that cyclins BraA09g010980.3C (CYCB) and BraA10g027420.3C (CYCD) were mainly responsible for the leaf size difference between Y2 and Y7 Chinese cabbage. Further, we revealed that the transcription factors BraA09gMYB47 and BraA06gMYB88 played critical roles in the difference of leaf size between Y2 and Y7 through the regulation of cell proliferation. Conclusion This observation not only offers essential insights into understanding the regulation mechanism of leaf development, also provides a promising breeding strategy to improve Chinese cabbage yield.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lixia Wang
- Institute of Vegetables, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Shu Zhang
- Institute of Vegetables, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Ye Zhang
- College of Life Science, Huangshan University, Huangshan, China
| | - Jingjuan Li
- Institute of Vegetables, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Yihui Zhang
- Institute of Vegetables, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Dandan Zhou
- Institute of Vegetables, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China
- College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
| | - Cheng Li
- Institute of Vegetables, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Lilong He
- Institute of Vegetables, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Huayin Li
- Institute of Vegetables, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Fengde Wang
- Institute of Vegetables, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China
- *Correspondence: Fengde Wang, ; Jianwei Gao,
| | - Jianwei Gao
- Institute of Vegetables, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China
- *Correspondence: Fengde Wang, ; Jianwei Gao,
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Burgess AJ, Masclaux‐Daubresse C, Strittmatter G, Weber APM, Taylor SH, Harbinson J, Yin X, Long S, Paul MJ, Westhoff P, Loreto F, Ceriotti A, Saltenis VLR, Pribil M, Nacry P, Scharff LB, Jensen PE, Muller B, Cohan J, Foulkes J, Rogowsky P, Debaeke P, Meyer C, Nelissen H, Inzé D, Klein Lankhorst R, Parry MAJ, Murchie EH, Baekelandt A. Improving crop yield potential: Underlying biological processes and future prospects. Food Energy Secur 2022; 12:e435. [PMID: 37035025 PMCID: PMC10078444 DOI: 10.1002/fes3.435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Revised: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The growing world population and global increases in the standard of living both result in an increasing demand for food, feed and other plant-derived products. In the coming years, plant-based research will be among the major drivers ensuring food security and the expansion of the bio-based economy. Crop productivity is determined by several factors, including the available physical and agricultural resources, crop management, and the resource use efficiency, quality and intrinsic yield potential of the chosen crop. This review focuses on intrinsic yield potential, since understanding its determinants and their biological basis will allow to maximize the plant's potential in food and energy production. Yield potential is determined by a variety of complex traits that integrate strictly regulated processes and their underlying gene regulatory networks. Due to this inherent complexity, numerous potential targets have been identified that could be exploited to increase crop yield. These encompass diverse metabolic and physical processes at the cellular, organ and canopy level. We present an overview of some of the distinct biological processes considered to be crucial for yield determination that could further be exploited to improve future crop productivity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra J. Burgess
- School of Biosciences University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington campus Loughborough UK
| | | | - Günter Strittmatter
- Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences (CEPLAS) Heinrich‐Heine‐Universität Düsseldorf Düsseldorf Germany
| | - Andreas P. M. Weber
- Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences (CEPLAS) Heinrich‐Heine‐Universität Düsseldorf Düsseldorf Germany
| | | | - Jeremy Harbinson
- Laboratory for Biophysics Wageningen University and Research Wageningen The Netherlands
| | - Xinyou Yin
- Centre for Crop Systems Analysis, Department of Plant Sciences Wageningen University & Research Wageningen The Netherlands
| | - Stephen Long
- Lancaster Environment Centre Lancaster University Lancaster UK
- Plant Biology and Crop Sciences University of Illinois at Urbana‐Champaign Urbana Illinois USA
| | | | - Peter Westhoff
- Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences (CEPLAS) Heinrich‐Heine‐Universität Düsseldorf Düsseldorf Germany
| | - Francesco Loreto
- Department of Biology, Agriculture and Food Sciences, National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Rome, Italy and University of Naples Federico II Napoli Italy
| | - Aldo Ceriotti
- Institute of Agricultural Biology and Biotechnology National Research Council (CNR) Milan Italy
| | - Vandasue L. R. Saltenis
- Copenhagen Plant Science Centre, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences University of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Mathias Pribil
- Copenhagen Plant Science Centre, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences University of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Philippe Nacry
- BPMP, Univ Montpellier, INRAE, CNRS Institut Agro Montpellier France
| | - Lars B. Scharff
- Copenhagen Plant Science Centre, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences University of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Poul Erik Jensen
- Department of Food Science University of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Bertrand Muller
- Université de Montpellier ‐ LEPSE – INRAE Institut Agro Montpellier France
| | | | - John Foulkes
- School of Biosciences University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington campus Loughborough UK
| | - Peter Rogowsky
- INRAE UMR Plant Reproduction and Development Lyon France
| | | | - Christian Meyer
- IJPB UMR1318 INRAE‐AgroParisTech‐Université Paris Saclay Versailles France
| | - Hilde Nelissen
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics Ghent University Ghent Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology Ghent Belgium
| | - Dirk Inzé
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics Ghent University Ghent Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology Ghent Belgium
| | - René Klein Lankhorst
- Wageningen Plant Research Wageningen University & Research Wageningen The Netherlands
| | | | - Erik H. Murchie
- School of Biosciences University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington campus Loughborough UK
| | - Alexandra Baekelandt
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics Ghent University Ghent Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology Ghent Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Curci PL, Zhang J, Mähler N, Seyfferth C, Mannapperuma C, Diels T, Van Hautegem T, Jonsen D, Street N, Hvidsten TR, Hertzberg M, Nilsson O, Inzé D, Nelissen H, Vandepoele K. Identification of growth regulators using cross-species network analysis in plants. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 190:2350-2365. [PMID: 35984294 PMCID: PMC9706488 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiac374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
With the need to increase plant productivity, one of the challenges plant scientists are facing is to identify genes that play a role in beneficial plant traits. Moreover, even when such genes are found, it is generally not trivial to transfer this knowledge about gene function across species to identify functional orthologs. Here, we focused on the leaf to study plant growth. First, we built leaf growth transcriptional networks in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), maize (Zea mays), and aspen (Populus tremula). Next, known growth regulators, here defined as genes that when mutated or ectopically expressed alter plant growth, together with cross-species conserved networks, were used as guides to predict novel Arabidopsis growth regulators. Using an in-depth literature screening, 34 out of 100 top predicted growth regulators were confirmed to affect leaf phenotype when mutated or overexpressed and thus represent novel potential growth regulators. Globally, these growth regulators were involved in cell cycle, plant defense responses, gibberellin, auxin, and brassinosteroid signaling. Phenotypic characterization of loss-of-function lines confirmed two predicted growth regulators to be involved in leaf growth (NPF6.4 and LATE MERISTEM IDENTITY2). In conclusion, the presented network approach offers an integrative cross-species strategy to identify genes involved in plant growth and development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pasquale Luca Curci
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Technologiepark 71, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Technologiepark 71, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
- Institute of Biosciences and Bioresources, National Research Council (CNR), Via Amendola 165/A, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Jie Zhang
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Technologiepark 71, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Technologiepark 71, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Niklas Mähler
- Department of Plant Physiology, Umea Plant Science Centre (UPSC), Umeå University, 90187 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Carolin Seyfferth
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Technologiepark 71, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Technologiepark 71, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Plant Physiology, Umea Plant Science Centre (UPSC), Umeå University, 90187 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Chanaka Mannapperuma
- Department of Plant Physiology, Umea Plant Science Centre (UPSC), Umeå University, 90187 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Tim Diels
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Technologiepark 71, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Technologiepark 71, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Tom Van Hautegem
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Technologiepark 71, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Technologiepark 71, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - David Jonsen
- SweTree Technologies AB, Skogsmarksgränd 7, SE-907 36 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Nathaniel Street
- Department of Plant Physiology, Umea Plant Science Centre (UPSC), Umeå University, 90187 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Torgeir R Hvidsten
- Department of Plant Physiology, Umea Plant Science Centre (UPSC), Umeå University, 90187 Umeå, Sweden
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, 1432 Ås, Norway
| | - Magnus Hertzberg
- SweTree Technologies AB, Skogsmarksgränd 7, SE-907 36 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Ove Nilsson
- Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Umea Plant Science Centre (UPSC), Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 90183 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Dirk Inzé
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Technologiepark 71, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Technologiepark 71, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Hilde Nelissen
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Technologiepark 71, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Technologiepark 71, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Klaas Vandepoele
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Technologiepark 71, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Technologiepark 71, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
- Bioinformatics Institute Ghent, Ghent University, Technologiepark 71, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Chugh M, Munjal A, Megason SG. Hydrostatic pressure as a driver of cell and tissue morphogenesis. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2022; 131:134-145. [PMID: 35534334 PMCID: PMC9529827 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2022.04.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Revised: 04/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Morphogenesis, the process by which tissues develop into functional shapes, requires coordinated mechanical forces. Most current literature ascribes contractile forces derived from actomyosin networks as the major driver of tissue morphogenesis. Recent works from diverse species have shown that pressure derived from fluids can generate deformations necessary for tissue morphogenesis. In this review, we discuss how hydrostatic pressure is generated at the cellular and tissue level and how the pressure can cause deformations. We highlight and review findings demonstrating the mechanical roles of pressures from fluid-filled lumens and viscous gel-like components of the extracellular matrix. We also emphasise the interactions and mechanochemical feedbacks between extracellular pressures and tissue behaviour in driving tissue remodelling. Lastly, we offer perspectives on the open questions in the field that will further our understanding to uncover new principles of tissue organisation during development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mayank Chugh
- Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, 200 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| | - Akankshi Munjal
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Nanaline Duke Building, 307 Research Drive, Durham, NC 27710, USA.
| | - Sean G Megason
- Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, 200 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Ding AM, Xu CT, Xie Q, Zhang MJ, Yan N, Dai CB, Lv J, Cui MM, Wang WF, Sun YH. ERF4 interacts with and antagonizes TCP15 in regulating endoreduplication and cell growth in Arabidopsis. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 64:1673-1689. [PMID: 35775119 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.13323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Endoreduplication is prevalent during plant growth and development, and is often correlated with large cell and organ size. Despite its prevalence, the transcriptional regulatory mechanisms underlying the transition from mitotic cell division to endoreduplication remain elusive. Here, we characterize ETHYLENE-RESPONSIVE ELEMENT BINDING FACTOR 4 (ERF4) as a positive regulator of endoreduplication through its function as a transcriptional repressor. ERF4 was specifically expressed in mature tissues in which the cells were undergoing expansion, but was rarely expressed in young organs. Plants overexpressing ERF4 exhibited much larger cells and organs, while plants that lacked functional ERF4 displayed smaller organs than the wild-type. ERF4 was further shown to regulate cell size by controlling the endopolyploidy level in the nuclei. Moreover, ERF4 physically associates with the class I TEOSINTE BRANCHED 1/CYCLOIDEA/PCF (TCP) protein TCP15, a transcription factor that inhibits endoreduplication by activating the expression of a key cell-cycle gene, CYCLIN A2;3 (CYCA2;3). A molecular and genetic analysis revealed that ERF4 promotes endoreduplication by directly suppressing the expression of CYCA2;3. Together, this study demonstrates that ERF4 and TCP15 function as a module to antagonistically regulate each other's activity in regulating downstream genes, thereby controlling the switch from the mitotic cell cycle to endoreduplication during leaf development. These findings expand our understanding of how the control of the cell cycle is fine-tuned by an ERF4-TCP15 transcriptional complex.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- An-Ming Ding
- Key Laboratory of Tobacco Gene Resources, Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Qingdao, 266101, China
| | - Chuan-Tao Xu
- College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China
- Luzhou Tobacco Company of Sichuan Province, Luzhou, 646000, China
| | - Qiang Xie
- Luzhou Tobacco Company of Sichuan Province, Luzhou, 646000, China
| | - Ming-Jin Zhang
- Luzhou Tobacco Company of Sichuan Province, Luzhou, 646000, China
| | - Ning Yan
- Key Laboratory of Tobacco Gene Resources, Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Qingdao, 266101, China
| | - Chang-Bo Dai
- Key Laboratory of Tobacco Gene Resources, Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Qingdao, 266101, China
| | - Jing Lv
- Key Laboratory of Tobacco Gene Resources, Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Qingdao, 266101, China
| | - Meng-Meng Cui
- Key Laboratory of Tobacco Gene Resources, Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Qingdao, 266101, China
| | - Wei-Feng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Tobacco Gene Resources, Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Qingdao, 266101, China
| | - Yu-He Sun
- Key Laboratory of Tobacco Gene Resources, Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Qingdao, 266101, China
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Wang GL, Zhang CL, Huo HQ, Sun XS, Zhang YL, Hao YJ, You CX. The SUMO E3 Ligase MdSIZ1 Sumoylates a Cell Number Regulator MdCNR8 to Control Organ Size. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:836935. [PMID: 35498700 PMCID: PMC9051543 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.836935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Plant growth and organ size putatively associated with crop yield are regulated by a complex network of genes including ones for controlling cell proliferation. The gene fw2.2 was first identified in tomatoes and reported to govern fruit size variation through controlling cell division. In this study, we isolated a putative ortholog of the tomato fw2.2 gene from apple, Cell Number Regulator 8 (MdCNR8). Our functional analysis showed that MdCNR8 may control fruit size and root growth. MdCNR8 was mediated by the SUMO E3 ligase MdSIZ1, and SUMOylation of MdCNR8 at residue-Lys39 promoted the translocation of MdCNR8 from plasma membrane to the nucleus. The effect of MdCNR8 in inhibiting root elongation could be completely counteracted by the coexpression of MdSIZ1. Moreover, the lower cell proliferation of apple calli due to silencing MdSIZ1 could be rescued by silencing MdCNR8. Collectively, our results showed that the MdSIZ1-mediated SUMOylation is required for the fulfillment of MdCNR8 in regulating cell proliferation to control plant organ size. This regulatory interaction between MdSIZ1 and MdCNR8 will facilitate understanding the mechanism underlying the regulation of organ size.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gui-Luan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, China
| | - Chun-Ling Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, China
| | - He-Qiang Huo
- Mid-Florida Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, Apopka, FL, United States
| | | | - Ya-Li Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, China
| | - Yu-Jin Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, China
| | - Chun-Xiang You
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, China
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Jiang R, Yuan W, Yao W, Jin X, Wang X, Wang Y. A regulatory GhBPE-GhPRGL module maintains ray petal length in Gerbera hybrida. MOLECULAR HORTICULTURE 2022; 2:9. [PMID: 37789358 PMCID: PMC10515009 DOI: 10.1186/s43897-022-00030-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
The molecular mechanism regulating petal length in flowers is not well understood. Here we used transient transformation assays to confirm that GhPRGL (proline-rich and GASA-like)-a GASA (gibberellic acid [GA] stimulated in Arabidopsis) family gene-promotes the elongation of ray petals in gerbera (Gerbera hybrida). Yeast one-hybrid screening assay identified a bHLH transcription factor of the jasmonic acid (JA) signaling pathway, here named GhBPE (BIGPETAL), which binds to the GhPRGL promoter and represses its expression, resulting in a phenotype of shortened ray petal length when GhBPE is overexpressed. Further, the joint response to JA and GA of GhBPE and GhPRGL, together with their complementary expression profiles in the early stage of petal growth, suggests a novel GhBPE-GhPRGL module that controls the size of ray petals. GhPRGL promotes ray petal elongation in its early stage especially, while GhBPE inhibits ray petal elongation particularly in the late stage by inhibiting the expression of GhPRGL. JA and GA operate in concert to regulate the expression of GhBPE and GhPRGL genes, providing a regulatory mechanism by which ray petals could grow to a fixed length in gerbera species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rui Jiang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China
| | - Weichao Yuan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China
| | - Wei Yao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China
| | - Xuefeng Jin
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China
| | - Xiaojing Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China
| | - Yaqin Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China.
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agricultural, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Xu Y, Xing Y, Wei T, Wang P, Liang Y, Xu M, Ding H, Wang J, Feng L. Transcription Factor RrANT1 of Rosa rugosa Positively Regulates Flower Organ Size in Petunia hybrida. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031236. [PMID: 35163160 PMCID: PMC8835453 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Revised: 01/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The flower is the main organ that produces essential oils in many plants. The yield of raw flowers and the number of secretory epidermal cells are the main factors for essential oil production. The cultivated rose species “Pingyin 1” in China was used to study the effect of RrANT1 on floral organ development. Eighteen AP2 transcription factors with dual AP2 domains were identified from Rosa rugosa genome. RrANT1 belonged to euANT. The subcellular localization results showed that RrANT1 protein is localized in the nucleus. The relative expression level of RrANT1 in the receptacle is higher than that in petals in the developmental stages, and both decreased from the initial phase to senescence. Compared with the RrANT1 expression level in petals in the blooming stage, RrANT1 expression level was significant in petals (~48.8) and highest in the receptacle (~102.5) in the large bud stage. It was only highly expressed in the receptacle (~39.4) in the blooming period. RrANT1 overexpression significantly increased petunia flower and leaf sizes (~1.2), as well as flower fresh weight (~30%). The total number of epidermis cells in the petals of overexpressing plants significantly increased (>40%). This study concluded that RrANT1 overexpression can increase the size and weight of flowers by promoting cell proliferation, providing a basis for creating new rose germplasm to increase rose and essential oil yield.
Collapse
|
23
|
Guo X, Liang J, Lin R, Zhang L, Wu J, Wang X. Series-Spatial Transcriptome Profiling of Leafy Head Reveals the Key Transition Leaves for Head Formation in Chinese Cabbage. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 12:787826. [PMID: 35069646 PMCID: PMC8770947 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.787826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Chinese cabbage is an important leaf heading vegetable crop. At the heading stage, its leaves across inner to outer show significant morphological differentiation. However, the genetic control of this complex leaf morphological differentiation remains unclear. Here, we reported the transcriptome profiling of Chinese cabbage plant at the heading stage using 24 spatially dissected tissues representing different regions of the inner to outer leaves. Genome-wide transcriptome analysis clearly separated the inner leaf tissues from the outer leaf tissues. In particular, we identified the key transition leaf by the spatial expression analysis of key genes for leaf development and sugar metabolism. We observed that the key transition leaves were the first inwardly curved ones. Surprisingly, most of the heading candidate genes identified by domestication selection analysis obviously showed a corresponding expression transition, supporting that key transition leaves are related to leafy head formation. The key transition leaves were controlled by a complex signal network, including not only internal hormones and protein kinases but also external light and other stimuli. Our findings provide new insights and the rich resource to unravel the genetic control of heading traits.
Collapse
|
24
|
Rath M, Challa KR, Sarvepalli K, Nath U. CINCINNATA-Like TCP Transcription Factors in Cell Growth - An Expanding Portfolio. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:825341. [PMID: 35273626 PMCID: PMC8902296 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.825341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Post-mitotic cell growth is a key process in plant growth and development. Cell expansion drives major growth during morphogenesis and is influenced by both endogenous factors and environmental stimuli. Though both isotropic and anisotropic cell growth can contribute to organ size and shape at different degrees, anisotropic cell growth is more likely to contribute to shape change. While much is known about the mechanisms that increase cellular turgor and cell-wall biomass during expansion, the genetic factors that regulate these processes are less studied. In the past quarter of a century, the role of the CINCINNATA-like TCP (CIN-TCP) transcription factors has been well documented in regulating diverse aspects of plant growth and development including flower asymmetry, plant architecture, leaf morphogenesis, and plant maturation. The molecular activity of the CIN-TCP proteins common to these biological processes has been identified as their ability to suppress cell proliferation. However, reports on their role regulating post-mitotic cell growth have been scanty, partly because of functional redundancy among them. In addition, it is difficult to tease out the effect of gene activity on cell division and expansion since these two processes are linked by compensation, a phenomenon where perturbation in proliferation is compensated by an opposite effect on cell growth to keep the final organ size relatively unaltered. Despite these technical limitations, recent genetic and growth kinematic studies have shown a distinct role of CIN-TCPs in promoting cellular growth in cotyledons and hypocotyls, the embryonic organs that grow solely by cell expansion. In this review, we highlight these recent advances in our understanding of how CIN-TCPs promote cell growth.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Monalisha Rath
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, India
| | - Krishna Reddy Challa
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, India
| | | | - Utpal Nath
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, India
- *Correspondence: Utpal Nath,
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Zhang B, Tong Y, Luo K, Zhai Z, Liu X, Shi Z, Zhang D, Li D. Identification of GROWTH-REGULATING FACTOR transcription factors in lettuce (Lactuca sativa) genome and functional analysis of LsaGRF5 in leaf size regulation. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 21:485. [PMID: 34688264 PMCID: PMC8539887 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-021-03261-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND GROWTH-REGULATING FACTORs (GRFs), a type of plant-specific transcription factors, play important roles in regulating plant growth and development. Although GRF gene family has been identified in various plant species, a genome-wide analysis of this family in lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) has not been reported yet. RESULTS Here we identified 15 GRF genes in lettuce and performed comprehensive analysis of them, including chromosomal locations, gene structures, and conserved motifs. Through phylogenic analysis, we divided LsaGRFs into six groups. Transactivation assays and subcellular localization of LsaGRF5 showed that this protein is likely to act as a transcriptional factor in the cell nucleus. Furthermore, transgenic lettuce lines overexpressing LsaGRF5 exhibited larger leaves, while smaller leaves were observed in LsaMIR396a overexpression lines, in which LsaGRF5 was down-regulated. CONCLUSIONS These results in lettuce provide insight into the molecular mechanism of GRF gene family in regulating leaf growth and development and foundational information for genetic improvement of the lettuce variations specialized in leaf character.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bin Zhang
- National Engineering Research Center for Vegetables, Beijing Vegetable Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Science, Beijing, 100097, PR China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasm Improvement, Beijing, 100097, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (North China), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the P. R. China, Beijing, 100097, PR China
| | - Yanan Tong
- Biotechnology Research Center, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, 443002, PR China
| | - Kangsheng Luo
- Biotechnology Research Center, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, 443002, PR China
| | - Zhaodong Zhai
- College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250014, PR China
| | - Xue Liu
- National Engineering Research Center for Vegetables, Beijing Vegetable Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Science, Beijing, 100097, PR China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasm Improvement, Beijing, 100097, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (North China), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the P. R. China, Beijing, 100097, PR China
| | - Zhenying Shi
- CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, PR China
| | - Dechun Zhang
- Biotechnology Research Center, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, 443002, PR China.
| | - Dayong Li
- National Engineering Research Center for Vegetables, Beijing Vegetable Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Science, Beijing, 100097, PR China.
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasm Improvement, Beijing, 100097, PR China.
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (North China), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the P. R. China, Beijing, 100097, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Malovichko YV, Shikov AE, Nizhnikov AA, Antonets KS. Temporal Control of Seed Development in Dicots: Molecular Bases, Ecological Impact and Possible Evolutionary Ramifications. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22179252. [PMID: 34502157 PMCID: PMC8430901 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22179252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Revised: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In flowering plants, seeds serve as organs of both propagation and dispersal. The developing seed passes through several consecutive stages, following a conserved general outline. The overall time needed for a seed to develop, however, may vary both within and between plant species, and these temporal developmental properties remain poorly understood. In the present paper, we summarize the existing data for seed development alterations in dicot plants. For genetic mutations, the reported cases were grouped in respect of the key processes distorted in the mutant specimens. Similar phenotypes arising from the environmental influence, either biotic or abiotic, were also considered. Based on these data, we suggest several general trends of timing alterations and how respective mechanisms might add to the ecological plasticity of the families considered. We also propose that the developmental timing alterations may be perceived as an evolutionary substrate for heterochronic events. Given the current lack of plausible models describing timing control in plant seeds, the presented suggestions might provide certain insights for future studies in this field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yury V. Malovichko
- Laboratory for Proteomics of Supra-Organismal Systems, All-Russia Research Institute for Agricultural Microbiology (ARRIAM), 196608 St. Petersburg, Russia; (Y.V.M.); (A.E.S.); (A.A.N.)
- Faculty of Biology, St. Petersburg State University, 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Anton E. Shikov
- Laboratory for Proteomics of Supra-Organismal Systems, All-Russia Research Institute for Agricultural Microbiology (ARRIAM), 196608 St. Petersburg, Russia; (Y.V.M.); (A.E.S.); (A.A.N.)
- Faculty of Biology, St. Petersburg State University, 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Anton A. Nizhnikov
- Laboratory for Proteomics of Supra-Organismal Systems, All-Russia Research Institute for Agricultural Microbiology (ARRIAM), 196608 St. Petersburg, Russia; (Y.V.M.); (A.E.S.); (A.A.N.)
- Faculty of Biology, St. Petersburg State University, 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Kirill S. Antonets
- Laboratory for Proteomics of Supra-Organismal Systems, All-Russia Research Institute for Agricultural Microbiology (ARRIAM), 196608 St. Petersburg, Russia; (Y.V.M.); (A.E.S.); (A.A.N.)
- Faculty of Biology, St. Petersburg State University, 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Huang R, Huang T, Irish VF. Do Epigenetic Timers Control Petal Development? FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:709360. [PMID: 34295349 PMCID: PMC8290480 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.709360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Epigenetic modifications include histone modifications and DNA methylation; such modifications can induce heritable changes in gene expression by altering DNA accessibility and chromatin structure. A number of studies have demonstrated that epigenetic factors regulate plant developmental timing in response to environmental changes. However, we still have an incomplete picture of how epigenetic factors can regulate developmental events such as organogenesis. The small number of cell types and the relatively simple developmental progression required to form the Arabidopsis petal makes it a good model to investigate the molecular mechanisms driving plant organogenesis. In this minireview, we summarize recent studies demonstrating the epigenetic control of gene expression during various developmental transitions, and how such regulatory mechanisms can potentially act in petal growth and differentiation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ruirui Huang
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Tengbo Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Plant Epigenetics, Longhua Bioindustry and Innovation Research Institute, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Vivian F. Irish
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Zhang H, Guo Z, Zhuang Y, Suo Y, Du J, Gao Z, Pan J, Li L, Wang T, Xiao L, Qin G, Jiao Y, Cai H, Li L. MicroRNA775 regulates intrinsic leaf size and reduces cell wall pectin levels by targeting a galactosyltransferase gene in Arabidopsis. THE PLANT CELL 2021; 33:581-602. [PMID: 33955485 PMCID: PMC8136896 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koaa049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Plants possess unique primary cell walls made of complex polysaccharides that play critical roles in determining intrinsic cell and organ size. How genes responsible for synthesizing and modifying the polysaccharides in the cell wall are regulated by microRNAs (miRNAs) to control plant size remains largely unexplored. Here we identified 23 putative cell wall-related miRNAs, termed as CW-miRNAs, in Arabidopsis thaliana and characterized miR775 as an example. We showed that miR775 post-transcriptionally silences GALT9, which encodes an endomembrane-located galactosyltransferase belonging to the glycosyltransferase 31 family. Over-expression of miR775 and deletion of GALT9 led to significantly enlarged leaf-related organs, primarily due to increased cell size. Monosaccharide quantification, confocal Raman imaging, and immunolabeling combined with atomic force microscopy revealed that the MIR775A-GALT9 circuit modulates pectin levels and the elastic modulus of the cell wall. We also showed that MIR775A is directly repressed by the transcription factor ELONGATED HYPOCOTYL5 (HY5). Genetic analysis confirmed that HY5 is a negative regulator of leaf size that acts through the HY5-MIR775A-GALT9 repression cascade to control pectin levels. These findings demonstrate that miR775-regulated cell wall remodeling is an integral determinant of intrinsic leaf size in A. thaliana. Studying other CW-miRNAs would provide more insights into cell wall biology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- He Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, School of Life Sciences and School of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Zhonglong Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, School of Life Sciences and School of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Yan Zhuang
- Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Yuanzhen Suo
- Biomedical Pioneering Innovation Center, School of Life Sciences and Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Genomics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Jianmei Du
- Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Zhaoxu Gao
- Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Jiawei Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, School of Life Sciences and School of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Li Li
- State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, School of Life Sciences and School of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Tianxin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, School of Life Sciences and School of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Liang Xiao
- College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Genji Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, School of Life Sciences and School of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Yuling Jiao
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, and National Center for Plant Gene Research, 100101 Beijing, China
| | - Huaqing Cai
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Lei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, School of Life Sciences and School of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Author for correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Qian M, Fan Y, Li Y, Liu M, Sun W, Duan H, Yu M, Chang W, Niu Y, Li X, Liang Y, Qu C, Li J, Lu K. Genome-wide association study and transcriptome comparison reveal novel QTL and candidate genes that control petal size in rapeseed. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2021; 72:3597-3610. [PMID: 33712842 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erab105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Petal size determines the value of ornamental plants, and thus their economic value. However, the molecular mechanisms controlling petal size remain unclear in most non-model species. To identify quantitative trait loci and candidate genes controlling petal size in rapeseed (Brassica napus), we performed a genome-wide association study (GWAS) using data from 588 accessions over three consecutive years. We detected 16 significant single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with petal size, with the most significant SNPs located on chromosomes A05 and C06. A combination of GWAS and transcriptomic sequencing based on two accessions with contrasting differences in petal size identified 52 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) that may control petal size variation in rapeseed. In particular, the rapeseed gene BnaA05.RAP2.2, homologous to Arabidopsis RAP2.2, may be critical to the negative control of petal size through the ethylene signaling pathway. In addition, a comparison of petal epidermal cells indicated that petal size differences between the two contrasting accessions were determined mainly by differences in cell number. Finally, we propose a model for the control of petal size in rapeseed through ethylene and cytokinin signaling pathways. Our results provide insights into the genetic mechanisms regulating petal size in flowering plants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mingchao Qian
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Yonghai Fan
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Yanhua Li
- Institute of Characteristic Crop Research, Chongqing Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chongqing 402160, China
| | - Miao Liu
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Wei Sun
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Huichun Duan
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Mengna Yu
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Wei Chang
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Yue Niu
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Xiaodong Li
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Ying Liang
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
- Engineering Research Center of South Upland Agriculture, Ministry of Education, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Cunmin Qu
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
- Engineering Research Center of South Upland Agriculture, Ministry of Education, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Jiana Li
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
- Engineering Research Center of South Upland Agriculture, Ministry of Education, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Kun Lu
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
- Engineering Research Center of South Upland Agriculture, Ministry of Education, Chongqing 400715, China
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Schulz D, Linde M, Debener T. Detection of Reproducible Major Effect QTL for Petal Traits in Garden Roses. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 10:plants10050897. [PMID: 33946713 PMCID: PMC8145204 DOI: 10.3390/plants10050897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Revised: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The detection of QTL by association genetics depends on the genetic architecture of the trait under study, the size and structure of the investigated population and the availability of phenotypic and marker data of sufficient quality and quantity. In roses, we previously demonstrated that major QTL could already be detected in small association panels. In this study, we analyzed petal number, petal size and fragrance in a small panel of 95 mostly tetraploid garden rose genotypes. After genotyping the panel with the 68 K Axiom WagRhSNP chip we detected major QTL for all three traits. Each trait was significantly influenced by several genomic regions. Some of the QTL span genomic regions that comprise several candidate genes. Selected markers from some of these regions were converted into KASP markers and were validated in independent populations of up to 282 garden rose genotypes. These markers demonstrate the robustness of the detected effects independent of the set of genotypes analyzed. Furthermore, the markers can serve as tools for marker-assisted breeding in garden roses. Over an extended timeframe, they may be used as a starting point for the isolation of the genes underlying the QTL.
Collapse
|
31
|
Biological pathway expression complementation contributes to biomass heterosis in Arabidopsis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:2023278118. [PMID: 33846256 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2023278118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The mechanisms underlying heterosis have long remained a matter of debate, despite its agricultural importance. How changes in transcriptional networks during plant development are relevant to the continuous manifestation of growth vigor in hybrids is intriguing and unexplored. Here, we present an integrated high-resolution analysis of the daily dynamic growth phenotypes and transcriptome atlases of young Arabidopsis seedlings (parental ecotypes [Col-0 and Per-1] and their F1 hybrid). Weighted gene coexpression network analysis uncovered divergent expression patterns between parents of the network hub genes, in which genes related to the cell cycle were more highly expressed in one parent (Col-0), whereas those involved in photosynthesis were more highly expressed in the other parent (Per-1). Notably, the hybrid exhibited spatiotemporal high-parent-dominant expression complementation of network hub genes in the two pathways during seedling growth. This suggests that the integrated capacities of cell division and photosynthesis contribute to hybrid growth vigor, which could be enhanced by temporal advances in the progression of leaf development in the hybrid relative to its parents. Altogether, this study provides evidence of expression complementation between fundamental biological pathways in hybrids and highlights the contribution of expression dominance in heterosis.
Collapse
|
32
|
Zhang K, Pan J, Chen Y, Wei Y, Du H, Sun J, Lv D, Wen H, He H, Wang G, Cai R. Mapping and identification of CsSh5.1, a gene encoding a xyloglucan galactosyltransferase required for hypocotyl elongation in cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.). TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2021; 134:979-991. [PMID: 33558986 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-020-03754-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
CsSh5.1, which controls hypocotyl elongation under high temperature conditions in cucumber, was mapped to a 57.1 kb region on chromosome 5 containing a candidate gene encoding a xyloglucan galactosyltransferase. Hypocotyl growth is a vital process in seedling establishment. Hypocotyl elongation after germination relies more on longitudinal cell elongation than cell division. Cell elongation is largely determined by the extensibility of the cell wall. Here, we identified a spontaneous mutant in cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.), sh5.1, which exhibits a temperature-insensitive short hypocotyl phenotype. Genetic analysis showed that the phenotype of sh5.1 was controlled by a recessive nuclear gene. CsSh5.1 was mapped to a 57.1 kb interval on chromosome 5, containing eight predicted genes. Sequencing analysis revealed that the Csa5G171710 is the candidate gene of CsSh5.1, which was further confirmed via co-segregation analysis and genomic DNA sequencing in natural cucumber variations. The result indicated that hypocotyl elongation might be controlled by this gene. CsSh5.1 encodes a xyloglucan galactosyltransferase that specifically adds galactose to xyloglucan and forms galactosylated xyloglucans, which determine the strength and extensibility of the cell walls. CsSh5.1 expression in wild-type (WT) hypocotyl was significantly higher than that in sh5.1 hypocotyl under high temperature, suggesting its important role in hypocotyl cell elongation under high temperature. The identification of CsSh5.1 is helpful for elucidating the function of xyloglucan galactosyltransferase in cell wall expansion and understanding the mechanism of hypocotyl elongation in cucumber.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Keyan Zhang
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Minhang District, 200240, Shanghai, China
| | - Junsong Pan
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Minhang District, 200240, Shanghai, China
| | - Yue Chen
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Minhang District, 200240, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying Wei
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Minhang District, 200240, Shanghai, China
| | - Hui Du
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Minhang District, 200240, Shanghai, China
| | - Jingxian Sun
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Minhang District, 200240, Shanghai, China
| | - Duo Lv
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Minhang District, 200240, Shanghai, China
| | - Haifan Wen
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Minhang District, 200240, Shanghai, China
| | - Huanle He
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Minhang District, 200240, Shanghai, China
| | - Gang Wang
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Minhang District, 200240, Shanghai, China.
| | - Run Cai
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Minhang District, 200240, Shanghai, China.
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Sheng C, Song S, Zhou R, Li D, Gao Y, Cui X, Tang X, Zhang Y, Tu J, Zhang X, Wang L. QTL-Seq and Transcriptome Analysis Disclose Major QTL and Candidate Genes Controlling Leaf Size in Sesame ( Sesamum indicum L.). FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:580846. [PMID: 33719280 PMCID: PMC7943740 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.580846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Leaf size is a crucial component of sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) plant architecture and further influences yield potential. Despite that it is well known that leaf size traits are quantitative traits controlled by large numbers of genes, quantitative trait loci (QTL) and candidate genes for sesame leaf size remain poorly understood. In the present study, we combined the QTL-seq approach and SSR marker mapping to identify the candidate genomic regions harboring QTL controlling leaf size traits in an RIL population derived from a cross between sesame varieties Zhongzhi No. 13 (with big leaves) and ZZM2289 (with small leaves). The QTL mapping revealed 56 QTL with phenotypic variation explained (PVE) from 1.87 to 27.50% for the length and width of leaves at the 1/3 and 1/2 positions of plant height. qLS15-1, a major and environmentally stable pleiotropic locus for both leaf length and width explaining 5.81 to 27.50% phenotypic variation, was located on LG15 within a 408-Kb physical genomic region flanked by the markers ZMM6185 and ZMM6206. In this region, a combination of transcriptome analysis with gene annotations revealed three candidate genes SIN_1004875, SIN_1004882, and SIN_1004883 associated with leaf growth and development in sesame. These findings provided insight into the genetic characteristics and variability for sesame leaf and set up the foundation for future genomic studies on sesame leaves and will serve as gene resources for improvement of sesame plant architecture.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chen Sheng
- Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan, China
| | - Shengnan Song
- Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan, China
| | - Rong Zhou
- Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan, China
| | - Donghua Li
- Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan, China
| | - Yuan Gao
- Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan, China
| | - Xianghua Cui
- Zhumadian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhumadian, China
| | - Xuehui Tang
- Xiangyang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xiangyang, China
| | - Yanxin Zhang
- Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan, China
| | - Jinxing Tu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, National Sub-Center of Rapeseed Improvement in Wuhan, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiurong Zhang
- Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan, China
| | - Linhai Wang
- Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan, China
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Ma H, Xu L, Fu Y, Zhu L. Arabidopsis QWRF1 and QWRF2 Redundantly Modulate Cortical Microtubule Arrangement in Floral Organ Growth and Fertility. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:634218. [PMID: 33634133 PMCID: PMC7901996 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.634218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Floral organ development is fundamental to sexual reproduction in angiosperms. Many key floral regulators (most of which are transcription factors) have been identified and shown to modulate floral meristem determinacy and floral organ identity, but not much is known about the regulation of floral organ growth, which is a critical process by which organs to achieve appropriate morphologies and fulfill their functions. Spatial and temporal control of anisotropic cell expansion following initial cell proliferation is important for organ growth. Cortical microtubules are well known to have important roles in plant cell polar growth/expansion and have been reported to guide the growth and shape of sepals and petals. In this study, we identified two homolog proteins, QWRF1 and QWRF2, which are essential for floral organ growth and plant fertility. We found severely deformed morphologies and symmetries of various floral organs as well as a significant reduction in the seed setting rate in the qwrf1qwrf2 double mutant, although few flower development defects were seen in qwrf1 or qwrf2 single mutants. QWRF1 and QWRF2 display similar expression patterns and are both localized to microtubules in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, we found altered cortical microtubule organization and arrangements in qwrf1qwrf2 cells, consistent with abnormal cell expansion in different floral organs, which eventually led to poor fertility. Our results suggest that QWRF1 and QWRF2 are likely microtubule-associated proteins with functional redundancy in fertility and floral organ development, which probably exert their effects via regulation of cortical microtubules and anisotropic cell expansion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huifang Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Liyuan Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Lei Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Wu Y, Lei D, Su Z, Yang J, Zou J. HaYABBY Gene Is Associated with the Floral Development of Ligulate-Like Tubular Petal Mutant Plants of Sunflower. RUSS J GENET+ 2021. [DOI: 10.1134/s1022795420120145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|
36
|
Li J, Zhang Y, Gao Z, Xu X, Wang Y, Lin Y, Ye P, Huang T. Plant U-box E3 ligases PUB25 and PUB26 control organ growth in Arabidopsis. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2021; 229:403-413. [PMID: 32810874 DOI: 10.1111/nph.16885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/09/2020] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Plant organs often grow into a genetically determined size and shape. How organ growth is finely regulated to achieve a well defined pattern is a fascinating, but largely unresolved, question in plant research. We utilised the Arabidopsis petal to study the genetic control of plant organ growth, and identify two closely related U-box E3 ligases PUB25 and PUB26 as important growth regulators by screening the targets of the petal-specific growth-promoting transcription factor RABBIT EARS (RBE). We showed that PUB25 is directly controlled by RBE in petal development in a spatial- and temporal-specific manner and acts as a major target to mediate RBE's function in petal growth. We also showed that PUB25 and PUB26 repress petal growth by restricting the period of cell proliferation, and their regulation appears to be independent of other plant E3 ligase genes implicated in growth control. PUB25 and PUB26 are among the first U-box E3 ligases shown to function in plant growth control. Furthermore, as they were also found to play a vital role in plant stress responses, PUB25 and PUB26 may act as a key hub to integrate developmental and environmental signals for balancing growth and defence in plants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Plant Epigenetics, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518071, China
| | - Yongxia Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Plant Epigenetics, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518071, China
| | - Zhong Gao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Plant Epigenetics, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518071, China
| | - Xiumei Xu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Biology, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, College of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, 475004, China
| | - Yanzhi Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Plant Epigenetics, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518071, China
| | - Yaoxi Lin
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Plant Epigenetics, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518071, China
| | - Peiming Ye
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Plant Epigenetics, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518071, China
| | - Tengbo Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Plant Epigenetics, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518071, China
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Li X, Zhang Y, Yang S, Wu C, Shao Q, Feng X. The genetic control of leaf and petal allometric variations in Arabidopsis thaliana. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2020; 20:547. [PMID: 33287712 PMCID: PMC7720488 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-020-02758-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Organ shape and size covariation (allometry) factors are essential concepts for the study of evolution and development. Although ample research has been conducted on organ shape and size, little research has considered the correlated variation of these two traits and quantitatively measured the variation in a common framework. The genetic basis of allometry variation in a single organ or among different organs is also relatively unknown. RESULTS A principal component analysis (PCA) of organ landmarks and outlines was conducted and used to quantitatively capture shape and size variation in leaves and petals of multiparent advanced generation intercross (MAGIC) populations of Arabidopsis thaliana. The PCA indicated that size variation was a major component of allometry variation and revealed negatively correlated changes in leaf and petal size. After quantitative trait loci (QTL) mapping, five QTLs for the fourth leaf, 11 QTLs for the seventh leaf, and 12 QTLs for petal size and shape were identified. These QTLs were not identical to those previously identified, with the exception of the ER locus. The allometry model was also used to measure the leaf and petal allometry covariation to investigate the evolution and genetic coordination between homologous organs. In total, 12 QTLs were identified in association with the fourth leaf and petal allometry covariation, and eight QTLs were identified to be associated with the seventh leaf and petal allometry covariation. In these QTL confidence regions, there were important genes associated with cell proliferation and expansion with alleles unique to the maximal effects accession. In addition, the QTLs associated with life-history traits, such as days to bolting, stem length, and rosette leaf number, which were highly coordinated with climate change and local adaption, were QTL mapped and showed an overlap with leaf and petal allometry, which explained the genetic basis for their correlation. CONCLUSIONS This study explored the genetic basis for leaf and petal allometry and their interaction, which may provide important information for investigating the correlated variation and evolution of organ shape and size in Arabidopsis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xin Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soybean Molecular Design Breeding, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130102, China
| | - Yaohua Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soybean Molecular Design Breeding, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130102, China
| | - Suxin Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soybean Molecular Design Breeding, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130102, China.
| | - Chunxia Wu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250014, China
| | - Qun Shao
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250014, China
| | - Xianzhong Feng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soybean Molecular Design Breeding, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130102, China
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Wang J, Zhou H, Zhao Y, Sun P, Tang F, Song X, Lu MZ. Characterization of poplar growth-regulating factors and analysis of their function in leaf size control. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2020; 20:509. [PMID: 33153427 PMCID: PMC7643314 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-020-02699-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Growth-regulating factors (GRFs) are plant-specific transcription factors that control organ size. Nineteen GRF genes were identified in the Populus trichocarpa genome and one was reported to control leaf size mainly by regulating cell expansion. In this study, we further characterize the roles of the other poplar GRFs in leaf size control in a similar manner. RESULTS The 19 poplar GRF genes were clustered into six groups according to their phylogenetic relationship with Arabidopsis GRFs. Bioinformatic analysis, degradome, and transient transcription assays showed that 18 poplar GRFs were regulated by miR396, with GRF12b the only exception. The functions of PagGRF6b (Pag, Populus alba × P. glandulosa), PagGRF7a, PagGRF12a, and PagGRF12b, representing three different groups, were investigated. The results show that PagGRF6b may have no function on leaf size control, while PagGRF7a functions as a negative regulator of leaf size by regulating cell expansion. By contrast, PagGRF12a and PagGRF12b may function as positive regulators of leaf size control by regulating both cell proliferation and expansion, primarily cell proliferation. CONCLUSIONS The diversity of poplar GRFs in leaf size control may facilitate the specific, coordinated regulation of poplar leaf development through fine adjustment of cell proliferation and expansion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jinnan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of the National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, 100091, China
| | - Houjun Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of the National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, 100091, China
- Ludong University, Yantai, 264025, China
| | - Yanqiu Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of the National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, 100091, China
| | - Pengbo Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of the National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, 100091, China
| | - Fang Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of the National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, 100091, China
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China
| | - Xueqin Song
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of the National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, 100091, China.
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China.
| | - Meng-Zhu Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of the National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, 100091, China.
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China.
- Zhejiang Agriculture & Forestry University, Hangzhou, 311300, China.
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Fan X, Yan X, Qian C, Bachir DG, Yin X, Sun P, Ma XF. Leaf size variations in a dominant desert shrub, Reaumuria soongarica, adapted to heterogeneous environments. Ecol Evol 2020; 10:10076-10094. [PMID: 33005365 PMCID: PMC7520190 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.6668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Revised: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
The climate in arid Central Asia (ACA) has changed rapidly in recent decades, but the ecological consequences of this are far from clear. To predict the impacts of climate change on ecosystem functioning, greater attention should be given to the relationships between leaf functional traits and environmental heterogeneity. As a dominant constructive shrub widely distributed in ACA, Reaumuria soongarica provided us with an ideal model to understand how leaf functional traits of desert ecosystems responded to the heterogeneous environments of ACA. Here, to determine the influences of genetic and ecological factors, we characterized species-wide variations in leaf traits among 30 wild populations of R. soongarica and 16 populations grown in a common garden. We found that the leaf length, width, and leaf length to width ratio (L/W) of the northern lineage were significantly larger than those of other genetic lineages, and principal component analysis based on the in situ environmental factors distinguished the northern lineage from the other lineages studied. With increasing latitude, leaf length, width, and L/W in the wild populations increased significantly. Leaf length and L/W were negatively correlated with altitude, and first increased and then decreased with increasing mean annual temperature (MAT) and mean annual precipitation (MAP). Stepwise regression analyses further indicated that leaf length variation was mainly affected by latitude. However, leaf width was uncorrelated with altitude, MAT, or MAP. The common garden trial showed that leaf width variation among the eastern populations was caused by both local adaptation and phenotypic plasticity. Our findings suggest that R. soongarica preferentially changes leaf length to adjust leaf size to cope with environmental change. We also reveal phenotypic evidence for ecological speciation of R. soongarica. These results will help us better understand and predict the consequences of climate change for desert ecosystem functioning.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xingke Fan
- Key Laboratory of Stress Physiology and Ecology in Cold and Arid Regions, Gansu Province Department of Ecology and Agriculture Research Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources Chinese Academy of Sciences Lanzhou China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
| | - Xia Yan
- School of Life Sciences Nantong University Nantong China
| | - Chaoju Qian
- Key Laboratory of Stress Physiology and Ecology in Cold and Arid Regions, Gansu Province Department of Ecology and Agriculture Research Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources Chinese Academy of Sciences Lanzhou China
| | - Daoura Goudia Bachir
- Key Laboratory of Stress Physiology and Ecology in Cold and Arid Regions, Gansu Province Department of Ecology and Agriculture Research Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources Chinese Academy of Sciences Lanzhou China
| | - Xiaoyue Yin
- Key Laboratory of Stress Physiology and Ecology in Cold and Arid Regions, Gansu Province Department of Ecology and Agriculture Research Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources Chinese Academy of Sciences Lanzhou China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
| | - Peipei Sun
- Key Laboratory of Stress Physiology and Ecology in Cold and Arid Regions, Gansu Province Department of Ecology and Agriculture Research Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources Chinese Academy of Sciences Lanzhou China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
| | - Xiao-Fei Ma
- Key Laboratory of Stress Physiology and Ecology in Cold and Arid Regions, Gansu Province Department of Ecology and Agriculture Research Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources Chinese Academy of Sciences Lanzhou China
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Fujikura U, Ezaki K, Horiguchi G, Seo M, Kanno Y, Kamiya Y, Lenhard M, Tsukaya H. Suppression of class I compensated cell enlargement by xs2 mutation is mediated by salicylic acid signaling. PLoS Genet 2020; 16:e1008873. [PMID: 32584819 PMCID: PMC7343186 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1008873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Revised: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The regulation of leaf size has been studied for decades. Enhancement of post-mitotic cell expansion triggered by impaired cell proliferation in Arabidopsis is an important process for leaf size regulation, and is known as compensation. This suggests a key interaction between cell proliferation and cell expansion during leaf development. Several studies have highlighted the impact of this integration mechanism on leaf size determination; however, the molecular basis of compensation remains largely unknown. Previously, we identified extra-small sisters (xs) mutants which can suppress compensated cell enlargement (CCE) via a specific defect in cell expansion within the compensation-exhibiting mutant, angustifolia3 (an3). Here we revealed that one of the xs mutants, namely xs2, can suppress CCE not only in an3 but also in other compensation-exhibiting mutants erecta (er) and fugu2. Molecular cloning of XS2 identified a deleterious mutation in CATION CALCIUM EXCHANGER 4 (CCX4). Phytohormone measurement and expression analysis revealed that xs2 shows hyper activation of the salicylic acid (SA) response pathway, where activation of SA response can suppress CCE in compensation mutants. All together, these results highlight the regulatory connection which coordinates compensation and SA response. Leaves are determinate organ and size of leaves are determined by intrinsic and extrinsic cues. Cell proliferation and post-mitotic cell expansion should be coordinated during leaf morphogenesis to develop appropriate size depending on its developmental programs. Recent studies highlighted the existence of integrated mechanism which coordinates cell proliferation and cell expansion during leaf development. Compensation, which is enhanced post-mitotic cell expansion accompanied by a significant decrease in cell number during leaf organogenesis, is one of the clues for such coordination. However, the molecular mechanisms linking cell proliferation and cell expansion are still poorly understood. Previously, we reported extra-small sisters 2 (xs2) mutation caused specific defect in cell expansion and it suppressed increased post-mitotic cell enlargement in angustifolia3 (an3) mutant, which exhibits typical compensation. Here we identify the affected gene of xs2 mutant encodes a member of cation calcium exchanger which is believed to be involved in cation homeostasis within cells. Loss of function of this protein causes hyper accumulation of salicylic acid (SA) and increased expression of pathogen related genes. Physiological and genetic studies revealed activated SA signal transduction reduced cell size. It suppressed post-mitotic cell expansion in several compensation mutants not only an3 but partially suppressed in another type of compensation mutant which increases size of mitotic cells. This finding suggests post-mitotic cell expansion pathway is regulated in common by SA-dependent signaling and by compensation signaling during leaf development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ushio Fujikura
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Kazune Ezaki
- Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Japan
| | - Gorou Horiguchi
- Department of Life Science, College of Science, Rikkyo University, Japan
| | - Mitsunori Seo
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Japan
| | - Yuri Kanno
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Japan
| | - Yuji Kamiya
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Japan
| | - Michael Lenhard
- Institut für Biochemie und Biologie, Universität Potsdam, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Hirokazu Tsukaya
- Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Japan
- Okazaki Institute for Integrative Bioscience, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Moreno S, Canales J, Hong L, Robinson D, Roeder AH, Gutiérrez RA. Nitrate Defines Shoot Size through Compensatory Roles for Endoreplication and Cell Division in Arabidopsis thaliana. Curr Biol 2020; 30:1988-2000.e3. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2020.03.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2019] [Revised: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 03/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
|
42
|
Liu Z, Li N, Zhang Y, Li Y. Transcriptional repression of GIF1 by the KIX-PPD-MYC repressor complex controls seed size in Arabidopsis. Nat Commun 2020; 11:1846. [PMID: 32296056 PMCID: PMC7160150 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-15603-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2019] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Seed size is a key agronomic trait that greatly determines plant yield. Elucidating the molecular mechanism underlying seed size regulation is also an important question in developmental biology. Here, we show that the KIX-PPD-MYC-GIF1 pathway plays a crucial role in seed size control in Arabidopsis thaliana. Disruption of KIX8/9 and PPD1/2 causes large seeds due to increased cell proliferation and cell elongation in the integuments. KIX8/9 and PPD1/2 interact with transcription factors MYC3/4 to form the KIX-PPD-MYC complex in Arabidopsis. The KIX-PPD-MYC complex associates with the typical G-box sequence in the promoter of GRF-INTERACTING FACTOR 1 (GIF1), which promotes seed growth, and represses its expression. Genetic analyses support that KIX8/9, PPD1/2, MYC3/4, and GIF1 function in a common pathway to control seed size. Thus, our results reveal a genetic and molecular mechanism by which the transcription factors MYC3/4 recruit KIX8/9 and PPD1/2 to the promoter of GIF1 and repress its expression, thereby determining seed size in Arabidopsis. Seed size is an important determinant of plant yield. Here, Liu et al. show that a KIX-PPD repressor complex and MYC transcription factors interact with the G-box motif in the promoter of GRF-INTERACTING FACTOR 1 to regulate seed size by influencing cell proliferation and elongation in the integument.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zupei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, CAS Centre for Excellence in Molecular Plant Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100101, Beijing, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100039, Beijing, China
| | - Na Li
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, CAS Centre for Excellence in Molecular Plant Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100101, Beijing, China
| | - Yueying Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, CAS Centre for Excellence in Molecular Plant Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100101, Beijing, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100039, Beijing, China
| | - Yunhai Li
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, CAS Centre for Excellence in Molecular Plant Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100101, Beijing, China. .,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100039, Beijing, China.
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Malik N, Ranjan R, Parida SK, Agarwal P, Tyagi AK. Mediator subunit OsMED14_1 plays an important role in rice development. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2020; 101:1411-1429. [PMID: 31702850 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.14605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2019] [Revised: 10/14/2019] [Accepted: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Mediator, a multisubunit co-activator complex, regulates transcription in eukaryotes and is involved in diverse processes in Arabidopsis through its different subunits. Here, we have explored developmental aspects of one of the rice Mediator subunit gene OsMED14_1. We analyzed its expression pattern through RNA in situ hybridization and pOsMED14_1:GUS transgenics that showed its expression in roots, leaves, anthers and seeds prominently at younger stages, indicating possible involvement of this subunit in multiple aspects of rice development. To understand the developmental roles of OsMED14_1 in rice, we generated and studied RNAi-based knockdown rice plants that showed multiple effects including less height, narrower leaves and culms with reduced vasculature, lesser lateral root branching, defective microspore development, reduced panicle branching and seed set, and smaller seeds. Histological analyses showed that slender organs were caused by reduction in both cell number and cell size in OsMED14_1 knockdown plants. Flow cytometric analyses and expression analyses of cell cycle-related genes revealed that defective cell-cycle progression led to these defects. Expression analyses of auxin-related genes and indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) immunolocalization study indicated altered auxin level in these knockdown plants. Reduction of lateral root branching in knockdown plants was corrected by exogenous IAA supplement. OsMED14_1 physically interacts with transcription factors YABBY5, TAPETUM DEGENERATION RETARDATION (TDR) and MADS29, possibly regulating auxin homeostasis and ultimately leading to lateral organ/leaf, microspore and seed development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Naveen Malik
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research (NIPGR), Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Rajeev Ranjan
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research (NIPGR), Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110067, India
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Delhi South Campus, Benito Juarez Marg, New Delhi, 110021, India
| | - Swarup K Parida
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research (NIPGR), Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Pinky Agarwal
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research (NIPGR), Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Akhilesh K Tyagi
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research (NIPGR), Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110067, India
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Delhi South Campus, Benito Juarez Marg, New Delhi, 110021, India
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Peach K, Liu JW, Klitgaard KN, Mazer SJ. Sex-specific floral attraction traits in a sequentially hermaphroditic species. Ecol Evol 2020; 10:1856-1875. [PMID: 32128121 PMCID: PMC7042773 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.5987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2019] [Revised: 12/04/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
●Many angiosperms are hermaphroditic and produce bisexual flowers in which male (pollen export) and female (stigma receptivity) functions are separated temporally. This sequential hermaphroditism may be associated with variation in flower size, color, or pattern, all of which may influence pollinator attraction. In this study, we describe variation in these traits across discrete functional sex stages within and between 225 greenhouse-grown individuals of Clarkia unguiculata (Onagraceae). In addition, to identify the effects of floral phenotype on pollinator attraction in this species, we examine the effects of these floral traits on pollen receipt in ~180 individuals in an experimental field array.●Petal area, ultraviolet (UV)-absorbing nectar guide area, and blue and green mean petal reflectance differ significantly across the functional sex stages of C. unguiculata. Male- and female-phase flowers display significantly different pollinator attraction traits. Petal and UV nectar guide area increase as flowers progress from male phase to female phase, while blue reflectance and green reflectance peak during anther maturation.●In field arrays of C. unguiculata, female-phase flowers with large UV nectar guides receive more pollen than those with small nectar guides, and female-phase flowers with high mean blue reflectance values are more likely to receive pollen than those with low blue reflectance. Female-phase flowers with green mean reflectance values that differ most from background foliage also receive more pollen than those that are more similar to foliage. These findings indicate that components of flower color and pattern influence pollen receipt, independent of other plant attributes that may covary with floral traits. We discuss these results in the context of hypotheses that have been proposed to explain sex-specific floral attraction traits, and we suggest future research that could improve our understanding of sexual dimorphism in sequentially hermaphroditic species and the evolution of features that promote outcrossing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kristen Peach
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Marine BiologyUniversity of California, Santa BarbaraSanta BarbaraCAUSA
| | - Jasen W. Liu
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Marine BiologyUniversity of California, Santa BarbaraSanta BarbaraCAUSA
| | - Kristen N. Klitgaard
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Marine BiologyUniversity of California, Santa BarbaraSanta BarbaraCAUSA
| | - Susan J. Mazer
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Marine BiologyUniversity of California, Santa BarbaraSanta BarbaraCAUSA
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Jun SE, Kim JH, Hwang JY, Huynh Le TT, Kim GT. ORESARA15 Acts Synergistically with ANGUSTIFOLIA3 and Separately from AINTEGUMENTA to Promote Cell Proliferation during Leaf Growth. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 21:ijms21010241. [PMID: 31905806 PMCID: PMC6981824 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21010241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Revised: 12/24/2019] [Accepted: 12/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Developing leaves undergo sequential coordinated cell proliferation and cell expansion to determine their final size and shape. Although several important regulators of cell proliferation have been reported, the gene network regulating leaf developmental processes remains unclear. Previously, we showed that ORESARA15 (ORE15) positively regulates the rate and duration of cell proliferation by promoting the expression of direct targets, GROWTH-REGULATING FACTOR (GRF) transcription factors, during leaf growth. In the current study, we examined the spatiotemporal patterns of ORE15 expression and determined that ORE15 expression partially overlapped with AN3/GIF1 and ANT expression along the midvein in the proximal region of the leaf blade in young leaves. Genetic analysis revealed that ORE15 may function synergistically with AN3 to control leaf growth as a positive regulator of cell proliferation. Our molecular and genetic studies are the first to suggest the importance of functional redundancies between ORE15 and AN3, and between AN3 and ANT in cell proliferation regulatory pathway during leaf growth.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sang Eun Jun
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Dong-A University, Busan 49315, Korea; (S.E.J.); (J.Y.H.)
| | - Jin Hee Kim
- Subtropical Horticulture Research Institute, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea;
| | - Ji Young Hwang
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Dong-A University, Busan 49315, Korea; (S.E.J.); (J.Y.H.)
| | - Thien Tu Huynh Le
- Department of Applied Bioscience, Graduate School of Natural Science, Dong-A University, Busan 49315, Korea;
| | - Gyung-Tae Kim
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Dong-A University, Busan 49315, Korea; (S.E.J.); (J.Y.H.)
- Department of Applied Bioscience, Graduate School of Natural Science, Dong-A University, Busan 49315, Korea;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-51-200-7519
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Yang Y, Chen B, Dang X, Zhu L, Rao J, Ren H, Lin C, Qin Y, Lin D. Arabidopsis IPGA1 is a microtubule-associated protein essential for cell expansion during petal morphogenesis. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2019; 70:5231-5243. [PMID: 31198941 PMCID: PMC6793458 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erz284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2019] [Accepted: 06/05/2019] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Unlike animal cells, plant cells do not possess centrosomes that serve as microtubule organizing centers; how microtubule arrays are organized throughout plant morphogenesis remains poorly understood. We report here that Arabidopsis INCREASED PETAL GROWTH ANISOTROPY 1 (IPGA1), a previously uncharacterized microtubule-associated protein, regulates petal growth and shape by affecting cortical microtubule organization. Through a genetic screen, we showed that IPGA1 loss-of-function mutants displayed a phenotype of longer and narrower petals, as well as increased anisotropic cell expansion of the petal epidermis in the late phases of flower development. Map-based cloning studies revealed that IPGA1 encodes a previously uncharacterized protein that colocalizes with and directly binds to microtubules. IPGA1 plays a negative role in the organization of cortical microtubules into parallel arrays oriented perpendicular to the axis of cell elongation, with the ipga1-1 mutant displaying increased microtubule ordering in petal abaxial epidermal cells. The IPGA1 family is conserved among land plants and its homologs may have evolved to regulate microtubule organization. Taken together, our findings identify IPGA1 as a novel microtubule-associated protein and provide significant insights into IPGA1-mediated microtubule organization and petal growth anisotropy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yanqiu Yang
- College of Life Science, Basic Forestry and Proteomics Research Center, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Binqinq Chen
- College of Life Science, Basic Forestry and Proteomics Research Center, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xie Dang
- College of Life Science, Basic Forestry and Proteomics Research Center, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangxi Key Lab of Sugarcane Biology, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Lilan Zhu
- College of Life Science, Basic Forestry and Proteomics Research Center, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jinqiu Rao
- College of Life Science, Basic Forestry and Proteomics Research Center, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Huibo Ren
- College of Life Science, Basic Forestry and Proteomics Research Center, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Chentao Lin
- Department of Molecular, Cell, and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Yuan Qin
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangxi Key Lab of Sugarcane Biology, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Center for Genomics and Biotechnology, College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Deshu Lin
- College of Life Science, Basic Forestry and Proteomics Research Center, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangxi Key Lab of Sugarcane Biology, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Yang Y, Huang W, Wu E, Lin C, Chen B, Lin D. Cortical Microtubule Organization during Petal Morphogenesis in Arabidopsis. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E4913. [PMID: 31623377 PMCID: PMC6801907 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20194913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2019] [Revised: 09/27/2019] [Accepted: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Cortical microtubules guide the direction and deposition of cellulose microfibrils to build the cell wall, which in turn influences cell expansion and plant morphogenesis. In the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana (Arabidopsis), petal is a relatively simple organ that contains distinct epidermal cells, such as specialized conical cells in the adaxial epidermis and relatively flat cells with several lobes in the abaxial epidermis. In the past two decades, the Arabidopsis petal has become a model experimental system for studying cell expansion and organ morphogenesis, because petals are dispensable for plant growth and reproduction. Recent advances have expanded the role of microtubule organization in modulating petal anisotropic shape formation and conical cell shaping during petal morphogenesis. Here, we summarize recent studies showing that in Arabidopsis, several genes, such as SPIKE1, Rho of plant (ROP) GTPases, and IPGA1, play critical roles in microtubule organization and cell expansion in the abaxial epidermis during petal morphogenesis. Moreover, we summarize the live-confocal imaging studies of Arabidopsis conical cells in the adaxial epidermis, which have emerged as a new cellular model. We discuss the microtubule organization pattern during conical cell shaping. Finally, we propose future directions regarding the study of petal morphogenesis and conical cell shaping.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yanqiu Yang
- College of Life Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
- Basic Forestry and Proteomics Research Center, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
| | - Weihong Huang
- College of Life Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
- Basic Forestry and Proteomics Research Center, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
| | - Endian Wu
- College of Life Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
- Basic Forestry and Proteomics Research Center, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
| | - Chentao Lin
- Basic Forestry and Proteomics Research Center, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
| | - Binqing Chen
- Basic Forestry and Proteomics Research Center, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
| | - Deshu Lin
- Basic Forestry and Proteomics Research Center, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Chang J, Xu Z, Li M, Yang M, Qin H, Yang J, Wu S. Spatiotemporal cytoskeleton organizations determine morphogenesis of multicellular trichomes in tomato. PLoS Genet 2019; 15:e1008438. [PMID: 31584936 PMCID: PMC6812842 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1008438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Revised: 10/24/2019] [Accepted: 09/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant trichomes originate from epidermal cell, forming protective structure from abiotic and biotic stresses. Different from the unicellular trichome in Arabidopsis, tomato trichomes are multicellular structure and can be classified into seven different types based on cell number, shape and the presence of glandular cells. Despite the importance of tomato trichomes in insect resistance, our understanding of the tomato trichome morphogenesis remains elusive. In this study, we quantitatively analyzed morphological traits of trichomes in tomato and further performed live imaging of cytoskeletons in stably transformed lines with actin and microtubule markers. At different developmental stages, two types of cytoskeletons exhibited distinct patterns in different trichome cells, ranging from transverse, spiral to longitudinal. This gradual transition of actin filament angle from basal to top cells could correlate with the spatial expansion mode in different cells. Further genetic screen for aberrant trichome morphology led to the discovery of a number of independent mutations in SCAR/WAVE and ARP2/3 complex, which resulted in actin bundling and distorted trichomes. Disruption of microtubules caused isotropic expansion while abolished actin filaments entirely inhibited axial extension of trichomes, indicating that microtubules and actin filaments may control distinct aspects of trichome cell expansion. Our results shed light on the roles of cytoskeletons in the formation of multicellular structure of tomato trichomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiang Chang
- College of Horticulture, FAFU-UCR Joint Center and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Zhijing Xu
- College of Horticulture, FAFU-UCR Joint Center and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Meng Li
- College of Horticulture, FAFU-UCR Joint Center and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Meina Yang
- College of Horticulture, FAFU-UCR Joint Center and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Haiyang Qin
- College of Horticulture, FAFU-UCR Joint Center and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jie Yang
- College of Horticulture, FAFU-UCR Joint Center and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Shuang Wu
- College of Horticulture, FAFU-UCR Joint Center and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Pinheiro C, Wienkoop S, de Almeida JF, Brunetti C, Zarrouk O, Planchon S, Gori A, Tattini M, Ricardo CP, Renaut J, Teixeira RT. Phellem Cell-Wall Components Are Discriminants of Cork Quality in Quercus suber. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:944. [PMID: 31417580 PMCID: PMC6682605 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.00944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Cork is a renewable, non-wood high valued forest product, with relevant ecological and economic impact in the Mediterranean-type ecosystems. Currently, cork is ranked according to its commercial quality. The most valuable planks are chosen for cork stoppers production. Cork planks with adequate thickness and porosity are classified as stoppable quality cork (SQC). The chemical composition of cork is known, but the regulation of metabolic pathways responsible of cork production and composition, hence of cork quality, is largely unknown. Here, we tested the hypothesis that post-genomic events may be responsible for the development of SQC and N-SQC (non-stoppable quality cork). Here, we show that combined proteomics and targeted metabolomics (namely soluble and cell wall bound phenolics) analyzed on recently formed phellem allows discriminate cork planks of different quality. Phellem cells of SQC and N-SQC displayed different reducing capacity, with consequential impact on both enzymatic pathways (e.g., glycolysis) and other cellular functions, including cell wall assembly and suberization. Glycolysis and respiration related proteins were abundant in both cork quality groups, whereas the level of several proteins associated to mitochondrial metabolism was higher in N-SQC. The soluble and cell wall-bound phenolics in recently formed phellem clearly discriminated SQC from N-SCQ. In our study, SQC was characterized by a high incorporation of aromatic components of the phenylpropanoid pathway in the cell wall, together with a lower content of hydrolysable tannins. Here, we propose that the level of hydrolysable tannins may represent a valuable diagnostic tool for screening recently formed phellem, and used as a proxy for the quality grade of cork plank produced by each tree.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carla Pinheiro
- Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Stefanie Wienkoop
- Department of Ecogenomics and Systems Biology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - João Feio de Almeida
- UCIBIO – REQUIMTE, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Caparica, Portugal
| | - Cecilia Brunetti
- National Research Council of Italy, Trees and Timber Institute, Florence, Italy
- Department of Agri-Food Production and Environmental Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Olfa Zarrouk
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | | | - Antonella Gori
- Department of Agri-Food Production and Environmental Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Tattini
- Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection, National Research Council of Italy, Florence, Italy
| | - Cândido Pinto Ricardo
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Jenny Renaut
- Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology, Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
Challa KR, Rath M, Nath U. The CIN-TCP transcription factors promote commitment to differentiation in Arabidopsis leaf pavement cells via both auxin-dependent and independent pathways. PLoS Genet 2019; 15:e1007988. [PMID: 30742619 PMCID: PMC6386416 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1007988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2018] [Revised: 02/22/2019] [Accepted: 01/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cells in organ primordia undergo active proliferation at an early stage to generate sufficient number, before exiting proliferation and entering differentiation. However, how the actively proliferating cells are developmentally reprogrammed to acquire differentiation potential during organ maturation is unclear. Here, we induced a microRNA-resistant form of TCP4 at various developmental stages of Arabidopsis leaf primordium that lacked the activity of TCP4 and its homologues and followed its effect on growth kinematics. By combining this with spatio-temporal gene expression analysis, we show that TCP4 commits leaf cells within the transition zone to exit proliferation and enter differentiation. A 24-hour pulse of TCP4 activity was sufficient to impart irreversible differentiation competence to the actively dividing cells. A combination of biochemical and genetic analyses revealed that TCP4 imparts differentiation competence by promoting auxin response as well as by directly activating HAT2, a HD-ZIP II transcription factor-encoding gene that also acts downstream to auxin response. Our study offers a molecular link between the two major organ maturation factors, CIN-like TCPs and HD-ZIP II transcription factors and explains how TCP activity restricts the cell number and final size in a leaf. Cells in a young organ primordium proliferate to generate sufficient number, before they exit division cycle and enter differentiation programme at later stages. While factors that drive cell cycle progression have been identified and studied in detail in diverse eukaryotic species, developmental factors that promote exit from division and entry into differentiation are less known, especially in the plant kingdom. Here, we show that the class II TCP proteins, notably TCP4, irreversibly reprogram the mitotic cells to exit division and acquire differentiation competence by auxin response as well as direct activation of HAT2 transcription. Our work offers a molecular link between class II TCP and HD-ZIP II genes during the cell differentiation and leaf maturation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Krishna Reddy Challa
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
| | - Monalisha Rath
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
| | - Utpal Nath
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|