1
|
Alvarez YD, van der Spuy M, Wang JX, Noordstra I, Tan SZ, Carroll M, Yap AS, Serralbo O, White MD. A Lifeact-EGFP quail for studying actin dynamics in vivo. J Cell Biol 2024; 223:e202404066. [PMID: 38913324 PMCID: PMC11194674 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202404066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2024] [Revised: 05/15/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Here, we report the generation of a transgenic Lifeact-EGFP quail line for the investigation of actin organization and dynamics during morphogenesis in vivo. This transgenic avian line allows for the high-resolution visualization of actin structures within the living embryo, from the subcellular filaments that guide cell shape to the supracellular assemblies that coordinate movements across tissues. The unique suitability of avian embryos to live imaging facilitates the investigation of previously intractable processes during embryogenesis. Using high-resolution live imaging approaches, we present the dynamic behaviors and morphologies of cellular protrusions in different tissue contexts. Furthermore, through the integration of live imaging with computational segmentation, we visualize cells undergoing apical constriction and large-scale actin structures such as multicellular rosettes within the neuroepithelium. These findings not only enhance our understanding of tissue morphogenesis but also demonstrate the utility of the Lifeact-EGFP transgenic quail as a new model system for live in vivo investigations of the actin cytoskeleton.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yanina D. Alvarez
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Marise van der Spuy
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Jian Xiong Wang
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Ivar Noordstra
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Siew Zhuan Tan
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Murron Carroll
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Alpha S. Yap
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Olivier Serralbo
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIRO) Health and Biosecurity, Geelong, Australia
| | - Melanie D. White
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Beaulac HJ, Munnamalai V. Localization of cadherins in the postnatal cochlear epithelium and their relation to space formation. Dev Dyn 2024; 253:771-780. [PMID: 38264972 PMCID: PMC11266531 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The sensory epithelium of the cochlea, the organ of Corti, has complex cytoarchitecture consisting of mechanosensory hair cells intercalated by epithelial support cells. The support cells provide important trophic and structural support to the hair cells. Thus, the support cells must be stiff yet compliant enough to withstand and modulate vibrations to the hair cells. Once the sensory cells are properly patterned, the support cells undergo significant remodeling from a simple epithelium into a structurally rigid epithelium with fluid-filled spaces in the murine cochlea. Cell adhesion molecules such as cadherins are necessary for sorting and connecting cells in an intact epithelium. To create the fluid-filled spaces, cell adhesion properties of adjoining cell membranes between cells must change to allow the formation of spaces within an epithelium. However, the dynamic localization of cadherins has not been properly analyzed as these spaces are formed. There are three cadherins that are reported to be expressed during the first postnatal week of development when the tunnel of Corti forms in the cochlea. In this study, we characterize the dynamic localization of cadherins that are associated with cytoskeletal remodeling at the contacting membranes of the inner and outer pillar cells flanking the tunnel of Corti.
Collapse
|
3
|
Niraula G, Pyne A, Wang X. Develop Tandem Tension Sensor to Gauge Integrin-Transmitted Molecular Forces. ACS Sens 2024; 9:3660-3670. [PMID: 38968930 PMCID: PMC11287754 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.4c00756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2024] [Revised: 06/11/2024] [Accepted: 06/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/07/2024]
Abstract
DNA-based tension sensors have innovated the imaging and calibration of mechanosensitive receptor-transmitted molecular forces, such as integrin tensions. However, these sensors mainly serve as binary reporters, only indicating if molecular forces exceed one predefined threshold. Here, we have developed tandem tension sensor (TTS), which comprises two consecutive force-sensing units, each with unique force detection thresholds and distinct fluorescence spectra, thereby enabling the quantification of molecular forces with dual reference levels. With TTS, we revealed that vinculin is not required for transmitting integrin tensions at approximately 10 pN (piconewtons) but is essential for elevating integrin tensions beyond 20 pN in focal adhesions (FAs). Such high tensions have emerged during the early stage of FA formation. TTS also successfully detected changes in integrin tensions in response to disrupted actin formation, inhibited myosin activity, and tuned substrate elasticity. We also applied TTS to examine integrin tensions in platelets and revealed two force regimes, with integrin tensions surpassing 20 pN at cell central regions and 13-20 pN integrin tensions at the cell edge. Overall, TTS, especially the construct consisting of a hairpin DNA (13 pN opening force) and a shearing DNA (20 pN opening force), stands as a valuable tool for the quantification of receptor-transmitted molecular forces within living cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gopal Niraula
- Department
of Physics and Astronomy, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
| | - Arghajit Pyne
- Research
Division in Hoxworth Center, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45219, United States
| | - Xuefeng Wang
- Research
Division in Hoxworth Center, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45219, United States
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Wang XH, Wang M, Pan JB, Zhu JM, Cheng H, Dong HZ, Bi WJ, Yang SW, Chen YY, Xu F, Duan XJ. Fluorescent probe for imaging intercellular tension: molecular force approach. RSC Adv 2024; 14:22877-22881. [PMID: 39035717 PMCID: PMC11258865 DOI: 10.1039/d4ra02647k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 07/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Cellular mechanical force plays a crucial role in numerous biological processes, including wound healing, cell development, and metastasis. To enable imaging of intercellular tension, molecular tension probes were designed, which offer a simple and efficient method for preparing Au-DNA intercellular tension probes with universal applicability. The proposed approach utilizes gold nanoparticles linked to DNA hairpins, enabling sensitive visualization of cellular force in vitro. Specifically, the designed Au-DNA intercellular tension probe includes a molecular spring flanked by a fluorophore-quencher pair, which is anchored between cells. As intercellular forces open the hairpin, the fluorophore is de-quenched, allowing for visualization of cellular force. The effectiveness of this approach was demonstrated by imaging the cellular force in living cells using the designed Au-DNA intercellular tension probe.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Hong Wang
- School of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Hefei Normal University 230061 Hefei Anhui China
| | - Ming Wang
- School of Energy Materials and Chemical Engineering, Hefei University Hefei 230601 China
| | - Jian-Bin Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Life Sciences, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University 210023 China
| | - Jin-Miao Zhu
- School of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Hefei Normal University 230061 Hefei Anhui China
| | - Hu Cheng
- School of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Hefei Normal University 230061 Hefei Anhui China
| | - Hua-Ze Dong
- School of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Hefei Normal University 230061 Hefei Anhui China
| | - Wen-Jie Bi
- School of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Hefei Normal University 230061 Hefei Anhui China
| | - Shi-Wei Yang
- School of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Hefei Normal University 230061 Hefei Anhui China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Chen
- School of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Hefei Normal University 230061 Hefei Anhui China
| | - Fan Xu
- School of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Hefei Normal University 230061 Hefei Anhui China
| | - Xiao-Jing Duan
- School of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Hefei Normal University 230061 Hefei Anhui China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Effiong UM, Khairandish H, Ramirez-Velez I, Wang Y, Belardi B. Turn-on protein switches for controlling actin binding in cells. Nat Commun 2024; 15:5840. [PMID: 38992021 PMCID: PMC11239668 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-49934-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Within a shared cytoplasm, filamentous actin (F-actin) plays numerous and critical roles across the cell body. Cells rely on actin-binding proteins (ABPs) to organize F-actin and to integrate its polymeric characteristics into diverse cellular processes. Yet, the multitude of ABPs that engage with and shape F-actin make studying a single ABP's influence on cellular activities a significant challenge. Moreover, without a means of manipulating actin-binding subcellularly, harnessing the F-actin cytoskeleton for synthetic biology purposes remains elusive. Here, we describe a suite of designed proteins, Controllable Actin-binding Switch Tools (CASTs), whose actin-binding behavior can be controlled with external stimuli. CASTs were developed that respond to different external inputs, providing options for turn-on kinetics and enabling orthogonality and multiplexing. Being genetically encoded, we show that CASTs can be inserted into native protein sequences to control F-actin association locally and engineered into structures to control cell and tissue shape and behavior.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Unyime M Effiong
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Hannah Khairandish
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Isabela Ramirez-Velez
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Yanran Wang
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Brian Belardi
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Wang X, Yang Y, Wang Y, Lu C, Hu X, Kawazoe N, Yang Y, Chen G. Focal adhesion and actin orientation regulated by cellular geometry determine stem cell differentiation via mechanotransduction. Acta Biomater 2024; 182:81-92. [PMID: 38734287 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2024.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2023] [Revised: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024]
Abstract
Tuning cell adhesion geometry can affect cytoskeleton organization and the distribution of cytoskeleton forces, which play critical roles in controlling cell functions. To elucidate the geometrical relationship with cytoskeleton force distribution, it is necessary to control cell morphology. In this study, a series of dextral vortex micropatterns were prepared to precisely control cell morphology for investigating the influence of the curvature degree of adhesion curves on intracellular force distribution and stem cell differentiation at a sub-cellular level. Peripherial actin filaments of micropatterned cells were assembled along the adhesion curves and showed different orientations, filament thicknesses and densities. Focal adhesion and cytoskeleton force distribution were dependent on the curvature degree. Intracellular force distribution was also regulated by adhesion curves. The cytoskeleton and force distribution affected the osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells through a YAP/TAZ-mediated mechanotransduction process. Thus, regulation of cell adhesion curvature, especially at cytoskeletal filament level, is critical for cell function manipulation. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: In this study, a series of dextral micro-vortexes were prepared and used for the culture of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) to precisely control adhesive curvatures (0°, 30°, 60°, and 90°). The single MSCs on the micropatterns had the same size and shape but showed distinct focal adhesion (FA) and cytoskeleton orientations. Cellular nanomechanics were observed to be correlated with the curvature degrees, subsequently influencing nuclear morphological features. As a consequence, the localization of the mechanotransduction sensor and activator-YAP/TAZ was affected, influencing osteogenic differentiation. The results revealed the pivotal role of adhesive curvatures in the manipulation of stem cell differentiation via the machanotransduction process, which has rarely been investigated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xinlong Wang
- Research Center for Macromolecules and Biomaterials, National Institute for Materials Science, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan; Graduate School of Science and Technology, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8571, Japan
| | - Yingjun Yang
- Research Center for Macromolecules and Biomaterials, National Institute for Materials Science, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan; Graduate School of Science and Technology, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8571, Japan
| | - Yongtao Wang
- Research Center for Macromolecules and Biomaterials, National Institute for Materials Science, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan; Graduate School of Science and Technology, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8571, Japan
| | - Chengyu Lu
- Research Center for Macromolecules and Biomaterials, National Institute for Materials Science, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan; Graduate School of Science and Technology, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8571, Japan
| | - Xiaohong Hu
- Research Center for Macromolecules and Biomaterials, National Institute for Materials Science, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan; Graduate School of Life and Environmental Science, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8571, Japan
| | - Naoki Kawazoe
- Research Center for Macromolecules and Biomaterials, National Institute for Materials Science, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan
| | - Yingnan Yang
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Science, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8571, Japan
| | - Guoping Chen
- Research Center for Macromolecules and Biomaterials, National Institute for Materials Science, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan; Graduate School of Science and Technology, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8571, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Ray T, Shi D, Harris TJC. Confinement promotes nematic alignment of spindle-shaped cells during Drosophila embryogenesis. Development 2024; 151:dev202577. [PMID: 38864272 PMCID: PMC11234378 DOI: 10.1242/dev.202577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024]
Abstract
Tissue morphogenesis is often controlled by actomyosin networks pulling on adherens junctions (AJs), but junctional myosin levels vary. At an extreme, the Drosophila embryo amnioserosa forms a horseshoe-shaped strip of aligned, spindle-shaped cells lacking junctional myosin. What are the bases of amnioserosal cell interactions and alignment? Compared with surrounding tissue, we find that amnioserosal AJ continuity has lesser dependence on α-catenin, the mediator of AJ-actomyosin association, and greater dependence on Bazooka/Par-3, a junction-associated scaffold protein. Microtubule bundles also run along amnioserosal AJs and support their long-range curvilinearity. Amnioserosal confinement is apparent from partial overlap of its spindle-shaped cells, its outward bulging from surrounding tissue and from compressive stress detected within the amnioserosa. Genetic manipulations that alter amnioserosal confinement by surrounding tissue also result in amnioserosal cells losing alignment and gaining topological defects characteristic of nematically ordered systems. With Bazooka depletion, confinement by surrounding tissue appears to be relatively normal and amnioserosal cells align despite their AJ fragmentation. Overall, the fully elongated amnioserosa appears to form through tissue-autonomous generation of spindle-shaped cells that nematically align in response to confinement by surrounding tissue.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tirthankar Ray
- Department of Cell & Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G5, Canada
| | - Damo Shi
- Department of Cell & Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G5, Canada
| | - Tony J. C. Harris
- Department of Cell & Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G5, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Naganathan SR. An emerging role for tissue plasticity in developmental precision. Biochem Soc Trans 2024; 52:987-995. [PMID: 38716859 DOI: 10.1042/bst20230173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024]
Abstract
Reproducible tissue morphology is a fundamental feature of embryonic development. To ensure such robustness during tissue morphogenesis, inherent noise in biological processes must be buffered. While redundant genes, parallel signaling pathways and intricate network topologies are known to reduce noise, over the last few years, mechanical properties of tissues have been shown to play a vital role. Here, taking the example of somite shape changes, I will discuss how tissues are highly plastic in their ability to change shapes leading to increased precision and reproducibility.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sundar Ram Naganathan
- Department of Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, 1, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Colaba, Mumbai 400005, India
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Craig EM, Oprea F, Alam S, Grodsky A, Miller KE. A simple active fluid model unites cytokinesis, cell crawling, and axonal outgrowth. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.05.22.595337. [PMID: 38826455 PMCID: PMC11142150 DOI: 10.1101/2024.05.22.595337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2024]
Abstract
Axonal outgrowth, cell crawling, and cytokinesis utilize actomyosin, microtubule-based motors, cytoskeletal dynamics, and substrate adhesions to produce traction forces and bulk cellular motion. While it has long been appreciated that growth cones resemble crawling cells and that the mechanisms that drive cytokinesis help power cell crawling, they are typically viewed as unique processes. To better understand the relationship between these modes of motility, here, we developed a unified active fluid model of cytokinesis, amoeboid migration, mesenchymal migration, neuronal migration, and axonal outgrowth in terms of cytoskeletal flow, adhesions, viscosity, and force generation. Using numerical modeling, we fit subcellular velocity profiles of the motions of cytoskeletal structures and docked organelles from previously published studies to infer underlying patterns of force generation and adhesion. Our results indicate that, during cytokinesis, there is a primary converge zone at the cleavage furrow that drives flow towards it; adhesions are symmetric across the cell, and as a result, cells are stationary. In mesenchymal, amoeboid, and neuronal migration, the site of the converge zone shifts, and differences in adhesion between the front and back of the cell drive crawling. During neuronal migration and axonal outgrowth, the primary convergence zone lies within the growth cone, which drives actin retrograde flow in the P-domain and bulk anterograde flow of the axonal shaft. They differ in that during neuronal migration, the cell body is weakly attached to the substrate and thus moves forward at the same velocity as the axon. In contrast, during axonal outgrowth, the cell body strongly adheres to the substrate and remains stationary, resulting in a decrease in flow velocity away from the growth cone. The simplicity with which cytokinesis, cell crawling, and axonal outgrowth can be modeled by varying coefficients in a simple model suggests a deep connection between them.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Erin M Craig
- Central Washington University, Department of Physics, 400 E. University Way, Ellensburg, WA 98926-7422, USA
| | - Francesca Oprea
- Department of Integrative Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Sajid Alam
- Department of Integrative Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Ania Grodsky
- Department of Integrative Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Kyle E Miller
- Department of Integrative Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Heissler SM, Chinthalapudi K. Structural and functional mechanisms of actin isoforms. FEBS J 2024. [PMID: 38779987 DOI: 10.1111/febs.17153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2024] [Revised: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Actin is a highly conserved and fundamental protein in eukaryotes and participates in a broad spectrum of cellular functions. Cells maintain a conserved ratio of actin isoforms, with muscle and non-muscle actins representing the main actin isoforms in muscle and non-muscle cells, respectively. Actin isoforms have specific and redundant functional roles and display different biochemistries, cellular localization, and interactions with myosins and actin-binding proteins. Understanding the specific roles of actin isoforms from the structural and functional perspective is crucial for elucidating the intricacies of cytoskeletal dynamics and regulation and their implications in health and disease. Here, we review how the structure contributes to the functional mechanisms of actin isoforms with a special emphasis on the questions of how post-translational modifications and disease-linked mutations affect actin isoforms biochemistry, function, and interaction with actin-binding proteins and myosin motors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah M Heissler
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Dorothy M. Davis Heart & Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Krishna Chinthalapudi
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Dorothy M. Davis Heart & Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Boutillon A, Banavar SP, Campàs O. Conserved physical mechanisms of cell and tissue elongation. Development 2024; 151:dev202687. [PMID: 38767601 PMCID: PMC11190436 DOI: 10.1242/dev.202687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
Living organisms have the ability to self-shape into complex structures appropriate for their function. The genetic and molecular mechanisms that enable cells to do this have been extensively studied in several model and non-model organisms. In contrast, the physical mechanisms that shape cells and tissues have only recently started to emerge, in part thanks to new quantitative in vivo measurements of the physical quantities guiding morphogenesis. These data, combined with indirect inferences of physical characteristics, are starting to reveal similarities in the physical mechanisms underlying morphogenesis across different organisms. Here, we review how physics contributes to shape cells and tissues in a simple, yet ubiquitous, morphogenetic transformation: elongation. Drawing from observed similarities across species, we propose the existence of conserved physical mechanisms of morphogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arthur Boutillon
- Cluster of Excellence Physics of Life, TU Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Samhita P. Banavar
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08540, USA
| | - Otger Campàs
- Cluster of Excellence Physics of Life, TU Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, 01307 Dresden, Germany
- Center for Systems Biology Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Singh A, Thale S, Leibner T, Lamparter L, Ricker A, Nüsse H, Klingauf J, Galic M, Ohlberger M, Matis M. Dynamic interplay of microtubule and actomyosin forces drive tissue extension. Nat Commun 2024; 15:3198. [PMID: 38609383 PMCID: PMC11014958 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-47596-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
In order to shape a tissue, individual cell-based mechanical forces have to be integrated into a global force pattern. Over the last decades, the importance of actomyosin contractile arrays, which are the key constituents of various morphogenetic processes, has been established for many tissues. Recent studies have demonstrated that the microtubule cytoskeleton mediates folding and elongation of the epithelial sheet during Drosophila morphogenesis, placing microtubule mechanics on par with actin-based processes. While these studies establish the importance of both cytoskeletal systems during cell and tissue rearrangements, a mechanistic understanding of their functional hierarchy is currently missing. Here, we dissect the individual roles of these two key generators of mechanical forces during epithelium elongation in the developing Drosophila wing. We show that wing extension, which entails columnar-to-cuboidal cell shape remodeling in a cell-autonomous manner, is driven by anisotropic cell expansion caused by the remodeling of the microtubule cytoskeleton from apico-basal to planarly polarized. Importantly, cell and tissue elongation is not associated with Myosin activity. Instead, Myosin II exhibits a homeostatic role, as actomyosin contraction balances polarized microtubule-based forces to determine the final cell shape. Using a reductionist model, we confirm that pairing microtubule and actomyosin-based forces is sufficient to recapitulate cell elongation and the final cell shape. These results support a hierarchical mechanism whereby microtubule-based forces in some epithelial systems prime actomyosin-generated forces.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amrita Singh
- Institute of Cell Biology, Medical Faculty, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
- Cells in Motion' Interfaculty Centre, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Sameedha Thale
- Institute of Cell Biology, Medical Faculty, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
- Cells in Motion' Interfaculty Centre, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Tobias Leibner
- Applied Mathematics, Institute for Analysis and Numerics, Faculty of Mathematics and Computer science, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Lucas Lamparter
- Cells in Motion' Interfaculty Centre, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
- Institute of Medical Physics and Biophysics, Medical Faculty, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Andrea Ricker
- Institute of Medical Physics and Biophysics, Medical Faculty, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Harald Nüsse
- Institute of Medical Physics and Biophysics, Medical Faculty, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Jürgen Klingauf
- Cells in Motion' Interfaculty Centre, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
- Institute of Medical Physics and Biophysics, Medical Faculty, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Milos Galic
- Cells in Motion' Interfaculty Centre, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
- Institute of Medical Physics and Biophysics, Medical Faculty, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Mario Ohlberger
- Applied Mathematics, Institute for Analysis and Numerics, Faculty of Mathematics and Computer science, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Maja Matis
- Institute of Cell Biology, Medical Faculty, University of Münster, Münster, Germany.
- Cells in Motion' Interfaculty Centre, University of Münster, Münster, Germany.
- Institute of Medical Physics and Biophysics, Medical Faculty, University of Münster, Münster, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Joutsen J, Pessa JC, Jokelainen O, Sironen R, Hartikainen JM, Sistonen L. Comprehensive analysis of human tissues reveals unique expression and localization patterns of HSF1 and HSF2. Cell Stress Chaperones 2024; 29:235-271. [PMID: 38458311 PMCID: PMC10963207 DOI: 10.1016/j.cstres.2024.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Revised: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Heat shock factors (HSFs) are the main transcriptional regulators of the evolutionarily conserved heat shock response. Beyond cell stress, several studies have demonstrated that HSFs also contribute to a vast variety of human pathologies, ranging from metabolic diseases to cancer and neurodegeneration. Despite their evident role in mitigating cellular perturbations, the functions of HSF1 and HSF2 in physiological proteostasis have remained inconclusive. Here, we analyzed a comprehensive selection of paraffin-embedded human tissue samples with immunohistochemistry. We demonstrate that both HSF1 and HSF2 display distinct expression and subcellular localization patterns in benign tissues. HSF1 localizes to the nucleus in all epithelial cell types, whereas nuclear expression of HSF2 was limited to only a few cell types, especially the spermatogonia and the urothelial umbrella cells. We observed a consistent and robust cytoplasmic expression of HSF2 across all studied smooth muscle and endothelial cells, including the smooth muscle cells surrounding the vasculature and the high endothelial venules in lymph nodes. Outstandingly, HSF2 localized specifically at cell-cell adhesion sites in a broad selection of tissue types, such as the cardiac muscle, liver, and epididymis. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to systematically describe the expression and localization patterns of HSF1 and HSF2 in benign human tissues. Thus, our work expands the biological landscape of these factors and creates the foundation for the identification of specific roles of HSF1 and HSF2 in normal physiological processes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jenny Joutsen
- Department of Pathology, Lapland Central Hospital, Lapland Wellbeing Services County, Rovaniemi, Finland.
| | - Jenny C Pessa
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Cell Biology, Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland; Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
| | - Otto Jokelainen
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Clinical Pathology and Forensic Medicine, and Cancer RC, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland; Department of Clinical Pathology, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Reijo Sironen
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Clinical Pathology and Forensic Medicine, and Cancer RC, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland; Department of Clinical Pathology, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Jaana M Hartikainen
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Clinical Pathology and Forensic Medicine, and Cancer RC, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Lea Sistonen
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Cell Biology, Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland; Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Ivanova JR, Benk AS, Schaefer JV, Dreier B, Hermann LO, Plückthun A, Missirlis D, Spatz JP. Designed Ankyrin Repeat Proteins as Actin Labels of Distinct Cytoskeletal Structures in Living Cells. ACS NANO 2024; 18:8919-8933. [PMID: 38489155 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c12265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
The orchestrated assembly of actin and actin-binding proteins into cytoskeletal structures coordinates cell morphology changes during migration, cytokinesis, and adaptation to external stimuli. The accurate and unbiased visualization of the diverse actin assemblies within cells is an ongoing challenge. We describe here the identification and use of designed ankyrin repeat proteins (DARPins) as synthetic actin binders. Actin-binding DARPins were identified through ribosome display and validated biochemically. When introduced or expressed inside living cells, fluorescently labeled DARPins accumulated at actin filaments, validated through phalloidin colocalization on fixed cells. Nevertheless, different DARPins displayed different actin labeling patterns: some DARPins labeled efficiently dynamic structures, such as filopodia, lamellipodia, and blebs, while others accumulated primarily in stress fibers. This differential intracellular distribution correlated with DARPin-actin binding kinetics, as measured by fluorescence recovery after photobleaching experiments. Moreover, the rapid arrest of actin dynamics induced by pharmacological treatment led to the fast relocalization of DARPins. Our data support the hypothesis that the localization of actin probes depends on the inherent dynamic movement of the actin cytoskeleton. Compared to the widely used LifeAct probe, one DARPin exhibited enhanced signal-to-background ratio while retaining a similar ability to label stress fibers. In summary, we propose DARPins as promising actin-binding proteins for labeling or manipulation in living cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julia R Ivanova
- Department of Cellular Biophysics, Max Planck Institute for Medical Research, Jahnstrasse 29, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Heidelberg University, Faculty of Biosciences, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Max Planck School Matter to Life, Jahnstrasse 29, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Amelie S Benk
- Department of Cellular Biophysics, Max Planck Institute for Medical Research, Jahnstrasse 29, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jonas V Schaefer
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
- CSL Behring AG, 3014 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Birgit Dreier
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Leon O Hermann
- Department of Cellular Biophysics, Max Planck Institute for Medical Research, Jahnstrasse 29, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Andreas Plückthun
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Dimitris Missirlis
- Department of Cellular Biophysics, Max Planck Institute for Medical Research, Jahnstrasse 29, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Institute for Molecular Systems Engineering and Advanced Materials, Heidelberg University, INF 225, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Joachim P Spatz
- Department of Cellular Biophysics, Max Planck Institute for Medical Research, Jahnstrasse 29, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Institute for Molecular Systems Engineering and Advanced Materials, Heidelberg University, INF 225, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Max Planck School Matter to Life, Jahnstrasse 29, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Sun X, Decker J, Sanchez-Luege N, Rebay I. Inter-plane feedback coordinates cell morphogenesis and maintains 3D tissue organization in the Drosophila pupal retina. Development 2024; 151:dev201757. [PMID: 38533736 PMCID: PMC11006395 DOI: 10.1242/dev.201757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
How complex organs coordinate cellular morphogenetic events to achieve three-dimensional (3D) form is a central question in development. The question is uniquely tractable in the late Drosophila pupal retina, where cells maintain stereotyped contacts as they elaborate the specialized cytoskeletal structures that pattern the apical, basal and longitudinal planes of the epithelium. In this study, we combined cell type-specific genetic manipulation of the cytoskeletal regulator Abelson (Abl) with 3D imaging to explore how the distinct cellular morphogenetic programs of photoreceptors and interommatidial pigment cells (IOPCs) organize tissue pattern to support retinal integrity. Our experiments show that photoreceptor and IOPC terminal differentiation is unexpectedly interdependent, connected by an intercellular feedback mechanism that coordinates and promotes morphogenetic change across orthogonal tissue planes to ensure correct 3D retinal pattern. We propose that genetic regulation of specialized cellular differentiation programs combined with inter-plane mechanical feedback confers spatial coordination to achieve robust 3D tissue morphogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Sun
- Committee on Development, Regeneration and Stem Cell Biology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Jacob Decker
- Committee on Development, Regeneration and Stem Cell Biology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Nicelio Sanchez-Luege
- Committee on Development, Regeneration and Stem Cell Biology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Ilaria Rebay
- Committee on Development, Regeneration and Stem Cell Biology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- Ben May Department for Cancer Research, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Kuo CH, Lee GH, Wu HL, Huang JY, Tang MJ. Breaking the symmetry of cell contractility drives tubulogenesis via CXCL1 polarization. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2315894121. [PMID: 38377213 PMCID: PMC10907267 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2315894121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024] Open
Abstract
The intricate interplay between biomechanical and biochemical pathways in modulating morphogenesis is an interesting research topic. How biomechanical force regulates epithelial cell tubulogenesis remains poorly understood. Here, we established a model of tubulogenesis by culturing renal proximal tubular epithelial cells on a collagen gel while manipulating contractile force. Epithelial cells were dynamically self-organized into tubule-like structures by augmentation of cell protrusions and cell-cell association. Reduction and asymmetric distribution of phosphorylated myosin light chain 2, the actomyosin contractility, in cells grown on soft matrix preceded tube connection. Notably, reducing matrix stiffness via sonication of collagen fibrils and inhibiting actomyosin contractility with blebbistatin promoted tubulogenesis, whereas inhibition of cytoskeleton polymerization suppressed it. CXC chemokine ligand 1 (CXCL1) expression was transcriptionally upregulated in cells undergoing tubulogenesis. Additionally, inhibiting actomyosin contractility facilitated CXCL1 polarization and cell protrusions preceding tube formation. Conversely, inhibiting the CXCL1-CXC receptor 1 pathway hindered cell protrusions and tubulogenesis. Mechanical property asymmetry with cell-collagen fibril interaction patterns at cell protrusions and along the tube structure supported the association of anisotropic contraction with tube formation. Furthermore, suppressing the mechanosensing machinery of integrin subunit beta 1 reduced CXCL1 expression, collagen remodeling, and impaired tubulogenesis. In summary, symmetry breaking of cell contractility on a soft collagen gel promotes CXCL1 polarization at cell protrusions which in turn facilitates cell-cell association and thus tubule connection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Hsiang Kuo
- International Center for Wound Repair and Regeneration, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan701, Taiwan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan701, Taiwan
| | - Gang-Hui Lee
- International Center for Wound Repair and Regeneration, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan701, Taiwan
| | - Hua-Lin Wu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan701, Taiwan
| | - Jyun-Yuan Huang
- International Center for Wound Repair and Regeneration, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan701, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Jer Tang
- International Center for Wound Repair and Regeneration, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan701, Taiwan
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan701, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Yamazaki Y, Miyata Y, Morigaki K, Miyazaki M. Controlling Physical and Biochemical Parameters of Actin Nucleation Using a Patterned Model Lipid Membrane. NANO LETTERS 2024; 24:1825-1834. [PMID: 38294155 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c02742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
Self-assembly of nanoscale actin cytoskeletal proteins into filamentous networks requires organizing actin nucleation areas on the plasma membrane through recruiting actin nucleators and nucleation-promoting factors (NPFs) to the areas. To investigate impacts of the nucleation geometry on actin network assembly, we localized NPF or nucleator on defined micropatterns of laterally mobile lipid bilayers confined in a framework of a polymerized lipid bilayer. We demonstrated that actin network assembly in purified protein mixtures was confined on NPF- or nucleator-localized fluid bilayers. By controlling the shape and size of nucleation areas as well as the density and types of localized NPFs and nucleators, we showed that these parameters regulate actin network architectures. Actin network assembly in Xenopus egg extracts was also spatially controlled by patterning bilayers containing phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphoshate (PI(4,5)P2), an essential lipid signaling mediator. Therefore, the system provides a promising platform to investigate the physical and biochemical principles for actin network assembly.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yosuke Yamazaki
- Department of Physics, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
- RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
| | - Yuuri Miyata
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Hyogo 657-8501, Japan
| | - Kenichi Morigaki
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Hyogo 657-8501, Japan
- Biosignal Research Center, Kobe University, Hyogo 657-8501, Japan
| | - Makito Miyazaki
- Department of Physics, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
- Hakubi Center for Advanced Research, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
- PRESTO, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Saitama 332-0012, Japan
- RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS, UMR 144, Paris F-75005, France
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Xu M, Rutkowski DM, Rebowski G, Boczkowska M, Pollard LW, Dominguez R, Vavylonis D, Ostap EM. Myosin-I Synergizes with Arp2/3 Complex to Enhance Pushing Forces of Branched Actin Networks. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.02.09.579714. [PMID: 38405741 PMCID: PMC10888859 DOI: 10.1101/2024.02.09.579714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
Myosin-Is colocalize with Arp2/3 complex-nucleated actin networks at sites of membrane protrusion and invagination, but the mechanisms by which myosin-I motor activity coordinates with branched actin assembly to generate force are unknown. We mimicked the interplay of these proteins using the "comet tail" bead motility assay, where branched actin networks are nucleated by Arp2/3 complex on the surface of beads coated with myosin-I and the WCA domain of N-WASP. We observed that myosin-I increased bead movement efficiency by thinning actin networks without affecting growth rates. Remarkably, myosin-I triggered symmetry breaking and comet-tail formation in dense networks resistant to spontaneous fracturing. Even with arrested actin assembly, myosin-I alone could break the network. Computational modeling recapitulated these observations suggesting myosin-I acts as a repulsive force shaping the network's architecture and boosting its force-generating capacity. We propose that myosin-I leverages its power stroke to amplify the forces generated by Arp2/3 complex-nucleated actin networks.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mengqi Xu
- Department of Physiology, Pennsylvania Muscle Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | | | - Grzegorz Rebowski
- Department of Physiology, Pennsylvania Muscle Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Malgorzata Boczkowska
- Department of Physiology, Pennsylvania Muscle Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Luther W Pollard
- Department of Physiology, Pennsylvania Muscle Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Roberto Dominguez
- Department of Physiology, Pennsylvania Muscle Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | | | - E Michael Ostap
- Department of Physiology, Pennsylvania Muscle Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Esmangart de Bournonville T, Jaglarz MK, Durel E, Le Borgne R. ESCRT-III-dependent adhesive and mechanical changes are triggered by a mechanism detecting alteration of septate junction integrity in Drosophila epithelial cells. eLife 2024; 13:e91246. [PMID: 38305711 PMCID: PMC10959524 DOI: 10.7554/elife.91246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Barrier functions of proliferative epithelia are constantly challenged by mechanical and chemical constraints. How epithelia respond to and cope with disturbances of barrier functions to allow tissue integrity maintenance is poorly characterised. Cellular junctions play an important role in this process and intracellular traffic contribute to their homeostasis. Here, we reveal that, in Drosophila pupal notum, alteration of the bi- or tricellular septate junctions (SJs) triggers a mechanism with two prominent outcomes. On one hand, there is an increase in the levels of E-cadherin, F-actin, and non-muscle myosin II in the plane of adherens junctions. On the other hand, β-integrin/Vinculin-positive cell contacts are reinforced along the lateral and basal membranes. We found that the weakening of SJ integrity, caused by the depletion of bi- or tricellular SJ components, alters ESCRT-III/Vps32/Shrub distribution, reduces degradation and instead favours recycling of SJ components, an effect that extends to other recycled transmembrane protein cargoes including Crumbs, its effector β-Heavy Spectrin Karst, and β-integrin. We propose a mechanism by which epithelial cells, upon sensing alterations of the SJ, reroute the function of Shrub to adjust the balance of degradation/recycling of junctional cargoes and thereby compensate for barrier junction defects to maintain epithelial integrity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Esmangart de Bournonville
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, IGDR (Institut de Génétique et Développement de Rennes) – UMR 6290RennesFrance
- Global Health Institute, School of Life Science, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL)LausanneSwitzerland
| | - Mariusz K Jaglarz
- Department of Developmental Biology and Invertebrate Morphology, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University in KrakowKrakowPoland
| | - Emeline Durel
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, IGDR (Institut de Génétique et Développement de Rennes) – UMR 6290RennesFrance
| | - Roland Le Borgne
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, IGDR (Institut de Génétique et Développement de Rennes) – UMR 6290RennesFrance
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Sugiyama Y, Reed DA, Herrmann D, Lovicu FJ, Robinson ML, Timpson P, Masai I. Fibroblast growth factor-induced lens fiber cell elongation is driven by the stepwise activity of Rho and Rac. Development 2024; 151:dev202123. [PMID: 38240393 PMCID: PMC10911273 DOI: 10.1242/dev.202123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
The spheroidal shape of the eye lens is crucial for precise light focusing onto the retina. This shape is determined by concentrically aligned, convexly elongated lens fiber cells along the anterior and posterior axis of the lens. Upon differentiation at the lens equator, the fiber cells increase in height as their apical and basal tips migrate towards the anterior and posterior poles, respectively. The forces driving this elongation and migration remain unclear. We found that, in the mouse lens, membrane protrusions or lamellipodia are observed only in the maturing fibers undergoing cell curve conversion, indicating that lamellipodium formation is not the primary driver of earlier fiber migration. We demonstrated that elevated levels of fibroblast growth factor (FGF) suppressed the extension of Rac-dependent protrusions, suggesting changes in the activity of FGF controlling Rac activity, switching to lamellipodium-driven migration. Inhibitors of ROCK, myosin and actin reduced the height of both early and later fibers, indicating that elongation of these fibers relies on actomyosin contractility. Consistent with this, active RhoA was detected throughout these fibers. Given that FGF promotes fiber elongation, we propose that it does so through regulation of Rho activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Sugiyama
- Developmental Neurobiology Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, Onna, Okinawa 904-0495, Japan
- Save Sight Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2000, Australia
| | - Daniel A. Reed
- Cancer Ecosystems Program, The Garvan Institute of Medical Research & The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, St Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - David Herrmann
- Cancer Ecosystems Program, The Garvan Institute of Medical Research & The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, St Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - Frank J. Lovicu
- Save Sight Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2000, Australia
- Molecular and Cellular Biomedicine, School of Medical Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Michael L. Robinson
- Department of Biology and Center for Visual Sciences, Miami University, Oxford, OH 45056, USA
| | - Paul Timpson
- Cancer Ecosystems Program, The Garvan Institute of Medical Research & The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, St Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - Ichiro Masai
- Developmental Neurobiology Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, Onna, Okinawa 904-0495, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Qian W, Yamaguchi N, Lis P, Cammer M, Knaut H. Pulses of RhoA signaling stimulate actin polymerization and flow in protrusions to drive collective cell migration. Curr Biol 2024; 34:245-259.e8. [PMID: 38096821 PMCID: PMC10872453 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2023.11.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Revised: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023]
Abstract
In animals, cells often move as collectives to shape organs, close wounds, or-in the case of disease-metastasize. To accomplish this, cells need to generate force to propel themselves forward. The motility of singly migrating cells is driven largely by an interplay between Rho GTPase signaling and the actin network. Whether cells migrating as collectives use the same machinery for motility is unclear. Using the zebrafish posterior lateral line primordium as a model for collective cell migration, we find that active RhoA and myosin II cluster on the basal sides of the primordium cells and are required for primordium motility. Positive and negative feedbacks cause RhoA and myosin II activities to pulse. These pulses of RhoA signaling stimulate actin polymerization at the tip of the protrusions and myosin-II-dependent actin flow and protrusion retraction at the base of the protrusions and deform the basement membrane underneath the migrating primordium. This suggests that RhoA-induced actin flow on the basal sides of the cells constitutes the motor that pulls the primordium forward, a scenario that likely underlies collective migration in other contexts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Weiyi Qian
- Skirball Institute of Biomolecular Medicine and Department of Cell Biology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA.
| | - Naoya Yamaguchi
- Skirball Institute of Biomolecular Medicine and Department of Cell Biology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Patrycja Lis
- Skirball Institute of Biomolecular Medicine and Department of Cell Biology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Michael Cammer
- Microscopy Laboratory, Division of Advanced Research Technologies, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Holger Knaut
- Skirball Institute of Biomolecular Medicine and Department of Cell Biology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Beaulac HJ, Munnamalai V. Localization of Cadherins in the postnatal cochlear epithelium and their relation to space formation. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2023.09.30.560287. [PMID: 37808730 PMCID: PMC10557783 DOI: 10.1101/2023.09.30.560287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
The sensory epithelium of the cochlea, the organ of Corti, has complex cytoarchitecture consisting of mechanosensory hair cells intercalated by epithelial support cells. The support cells provide important trophic and structural support to the hair cells. Thus, the support cells must be stiff yet compliant enough to withstand and modulate vibrations to the hair cells. Once the sensory cells are properly patterned, the support cells undergo significant remodeling from a simple epithelium into a structurally rigid epithelium with fluid-filled spaces in the murine cochlea. Cell adhesion molecules such as cadherins are necessary for sorting and connecting cells in an intact epithelium. To create the fluid-filled spaces, cell adhesion properties of adjoining cell membranes between cells must change to allow the formation of spaces within an epithelium. However, the dynamic localization of cadherins has not been properly analyzed as these spaces are formed. There are three cadherins that are reported to be expressed during the first postnatal week of development when the tunnel of Corti forms in the cochlea. In this study, we characterize the dynamic localization of cadherins that are associated with cytoskeletal remodeling at the contacting membranes of the inner and outer pillar cells flanking the tunnel of Corti. Key findings F-actin remodeling occurs between E18.5 to P7 in the cochlear sensory epithelium.Transient changes of F-actin cytoskeleton drives epithelial morphogenesis.Fluid-filled spaces in epithelium is driven by changes in cell adhesion.
Collapse
|
23
|
Clarke DN, Martin AC. EGFR-dependent actomyosin patterning coordinates morphogenetic movements between tissues. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.12.22.573057. [PMID: 38187543 PMCID: PMC10769333 DOI: 10.1101/2023.12.22.573057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
The movements that give rise to the body's structure are powered by cell shape changes and rearrangements that are coordinated at supracellular scales. How such cellular coordination arises and integrates different morphogenetic programs is unclear. Using quantitative imaging, we found a complex pattern of adherens junction (AJ) levels in the ectoderm prior to gastrulation onset in Drosophila. AJ intensity exhibited a double-sided gradient, with peaks at the dorsal midline and ventral neuroectoderm. We show that this dorsal-ventral AJ pattern is regulated by epidermal growth factor (EGF) signaling and that this signal is required for ectoderm cell movement during mesoderm invagination and axis extension. We identify AJ levels and junctional actomyosin as downstream effectors of EGFR signaling. Overall, our study demonstrates a mechanism of coordination between tissue folding and convergent extension that facilitates embryo-wide gastrulation movements.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Adam C Martin
- Dept. of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Kalodimou K, Stapountzi M, Vüllings N, Seib E, Klein T, Delidakis C. Separable Roles for Neur and Ubiquitin in Delta Signalling in the Drosophila CNS Lineages. Cells 2023; 12:2833. [PMID: 38132160 PMCID: PMC10741450 DOI: 10.3390/cells12242833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The execution of a Notch signal at the plasma membrane relies on the mechanical force exerted onto Notch by its ligand. It has been appreciated that the DSL ligands need to collaborate with a ubiquitin (Ub) ligase, either Neuralized or Mindbomb1, in order to exert this pulling force, but the role of ubiquitylation per se is uncertain. Regarding the Delta-Neur pair, it is documented that neither the Neur catalytic domain nor the Delta intracellular lysines (putative Ub acceptors) are needed for activity. Here, we present a dissection of the Delta activity using the Delta-Notch-dependent expression of Hey in newborn Drosophila neurons as a sensitive in vivo assay. We show that the Delta-Neur interaction per se, rather than ubiquitylation, is needed for activity, pointing to the existence of a Delta-Neur signaling complex. The Neur catalytic domain, although not strictly needed, greatly improves Delta-Neur complex functionality when the Delta lysines are mutated, suggesting that the ubiquitylation of some component of the complex, other than Delta, can enhance signaling. Since Hey expression is sensitive to the perturbation of endocytosis, we propose that the Delta-Neur complex triggers a force-generating endocytosis event that activates Notch in the adjacent cell.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Konstantina Kalodimou
- Department of Biology, University of Crete, 700 13 Heraklion, Greece;
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, 700 13 Heraklion, Greece;
| | - Margarita Stapountzi
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, 700 13 Heraklion, Greece;
| | - Nicole Vüllings
- Institute of Genetics, Heinrich-Heine-Universitaet Duesseldorf, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Ekaterina Seib
- Institute of Genetics, Heinrich-Heine-Universitaet Duesseldorf, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Thomas Klein
- Institute of Genetics, Heinrich-Heine-Universitaet Duesseldorf, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Christos Delidakis
- Department of Biology, University of Crete, 700 13 Heraklion, Greece;
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, 700 13 Heraklion, Greece;
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Sugiyama Y, Reed DA, Herrmann D, Lovicu FJ, Robinson ML, Timpson P, Masai I. Fibroblast Growth Factor-induced lens fiber cell elongation is driven by the stepwise activity of Rho and Rac. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.12.03.569812. [PMID: 38106159 PMCID: PMC10723307 DOI: 10.1101/2023.12.03.569812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
The spheroidal shape of the eye lens is critical for precise light focusing onto the retina. This shape is determined by concentrically aligned, convexly elongated lens fiber cells along the anterior and posterior axis of the lens. Upon differentiation at the lens equator, the fiber cells increase in height as their apical and basal tips migrate towards the anterior and posterior poles, respectively. The forces driving this elongation and migration remain unclear. We found that membrane protrusions or lamellipodia are observed only in the maturing fibers undergoing cell curve conversion, indicating lamellipodium is not the primary driver of earlier fiber migration. We demonstrated that elevated levels of fibroblast growth factor (FGF) suppressed the extension of Rac-dependent protrusions, suggesting changes in the activity of FGF controling Rac activity, switching to lamellipodium-driven migration. Inhibitors of ROCK, myosin, and actin reduced the height of both early and later fibers, indicating elongation of these fibers relies on actomyosin contractility. Consistently, active RhoA was detected throughout these fibers. Given that FGF promotes fiber elongation, we propose it to do so through regulation of Rho activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Sugiyama
- Developmental Neurobiology Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, Onna, Okinawa 904-0495, Japan
- Save Sight Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2000, Australia
| | - Daniel A. Reed
- Cancer Ecosystems Program, The Garvan Institute of Medical Research & The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, St Vincent’s Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - David Herrmann
- Cancer Ecosystems Program, The Garvan Institute of Medical Research & The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, St Vincent’s Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - Frank J. Lovicu
- Save Sight Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2000, Australia
- Molecular and Cellular Biomedicine, School of Medical Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Michael L. Robinson
- Department of Biology and Center for Visual Sciences, Miami University, Oxford, OH, USA
| | - Paul Timpson
- Cancer Ecosystems Program, The Garvan Institute of Medical Research & The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, St Vincent’s Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - Ichiro Masai
- Developmental Neurobiology Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, Onna, Okinawa 904-0495, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Grego-Bessa J, Gómez-Apiñaniz P, Prados B, Gómez MJ, MacGrogan D, de la Pompa JL. Nrg1 Regulates Cardiomyocyte Migration and Cell Cycle in Ventricular Development. Circ Res 2023; 133:927-943. [PMID: 37846569 PMCID: PMC10631509 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.123.323321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiac ventricles provide the contractile force of the beating heart throughout life. How the primitive endocardium-layered myocardial projections called trabeculae form and mature into the adult ventricles is of great interest for biology and regenerative medicine. Trabeculation is dependent on the signaling protein Nrg1 (neuregulin-1). However, the mechanism of action of Nrg1 and its role in ventricular wall maturation are poorly understood. METHODS We investigated the functions and downstream mechanisms of Nrg1 signaling during ventricular chamber development using confocal imaging, transcriptomics, and biochemical approaches in mice with cardiac-specific inactivation or overexpression of Nrg1. RESULTS Analysis of cardiac-specific Nrg1 mutant mice showed that the transcriptional program underlying cardiomyocyte-oriented cell division and trabeculae formation depends on endocardial Nrg1 to myocardial ErbB2 (erb-b2 receptor tyrosine kinase 2) signaling and phospho-Erk (phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated kinase; pErk) activation. Early endothelial loss of Nrg1 and reduced pErk activation diminished cardiomyocyte Pard3 and Crumbs2 (Crumbs Cell Polarity Complex Component 2) protein and altered cytoskeletal gene expression and organization. These alterations are associated with abnormal gene expression related to mitotic spindle organization and a shift in cardiomyocyte division orientation. Nrg1 is crucial for trabecular growth and ventricular wall thickening by regulating an epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition-like process in cardiomyocytes involving migration, adhesion, cytoskeletal actin turnover, and timely progression through the cell cycle G2/M phase. Ectopic cardiac Nrg1 overexpression and high pErk signaling caused S-phase arrest, sustained high epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition-like gene expression, and prolonged trabeculation, blocking compact myocardium maturation. Myocardial trabecular patterning alterations resulting from above- or below-normal Nrg1-dependent pErk activation were concomitant with sarcomere actin cytoskeleton disorganization. The Nrg1 loss- and gain-of-function transcriptomes were enriched for Yap1 (yes-associated protein-1) gene signatures, identifying Yap1 as a potential downstream effector. Furthermore, biochemical and imaging data reveal that Nrg1 influences pErk activation and Yap1 nuclear-cytoplasmic distribution during trabeculation. CONCLUSIONS These data establish the Nrg1-ErbB2/ErbB4-Erk axis as a crucial regulator of cardiomyocyte cell cycle progression and migration during ventricular development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joaquim Grego-Bessa
- Intercellular Signalling in Cardiovascular Development & Disease Laboratory, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), Madrid, Spain (J.G.-B., P.G.-A., B.P., D.M., J.L.d.l.P.)
- CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, Madrid, Spain (J.G.-B., P.G.-A., B.P., D.M., J.L.d.l.P.)
| | - Paula Gómez-Apiñaniz
- Intercellular Signalling in Cardiovascular Development & Disease Laboratory, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), Madrid, Spain (J.G.-B., P.G.-A., B.P., D.M., J.L.d.l.P.)
- CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, Madrid, Spain (J.G.-B., P.G.-A., B.P., D.M., J.L.d.l.P.)
| | - Belén Prados
- Intercellular Signalling in Cardiovascular Development & Disease Laboratory, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), Madrid, Spain (J.G.-B., P.G.-A., B.P., D.M., J.L.d.l.P.)
- CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, Madrid, Spain (J.G.-B., P.G.-A., B.P., D.M., J.L.d.l.P.)
| | | | - Donal MacGrogan
- Intercellular Signalling in Cardiovascular Development & Disease Laboratory, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), Madrid, Spain (J.G.-B., P.G.-A., B.P., D.M., J.L.d.l.P.)
- CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, Madrid, Spain (J.G.-B., P.G.-A., B.P., D.M., J.L.d.l.P.)
| | - José Luis de la Pompa
- Intercellular Signalling in Cardiovascular Development & Disease Laboratory, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), Madrid, Spain (J.G.-B., P.G.-A., B.P., D.M., J.L.d.l.P.)
- CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, Madrid, Spain (J.G.-B., P.G.-A., B.P., D.M., J.L.d.l.P.)
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Effiong UM, Khairandish H, Ramirez-Velez I, Wang Y, Belardi B. Turn-On Protein Switches for Controlling Actin Binding in Cells. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.10.26.561921. [PMID: 37961502 PMCID: PMC10634840 DOI: 10.1101/2023.10.26.561921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
Within a shared cytoplasm, filamentous actin (F-actin) plays numerous and critical roles across the cell body. Cells rely on actin-binding proteins (ABPs) to organize F-actin and to integrate its polymeric characteristics into diverse cellular processes. Yet, the multitude of ABPs that engage with and shape F-actin make studying a single ABP's influence on cellular activities a significant challenge. Moreover, without a means of manipulating actin-binding subcellularly, harnessing the F-actin cytoskeleton for synthetic biology purposes remains elusive. Here, we describe a suite of designed proteins, Controllable Actin-binding Switch Tools (CASTs), whose actin-binding behavior can be controlled with external stimuli. CASTs were developed that respond to different external inputs, providing options for turn-on kinetics and enabling orthogonality. Being genetically encoded, we show that CASTs can be inserted into native protein sequences to control F-actin association locally and engineered into new structures to control cell and tissue shape and behavior.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Unyime M. Effiong
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712
| | - Hannah Khairandish
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712
| | - Isabela Ramirez-Velez
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712
| | - Yanran Wang
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712
| | - Brian Belardi
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Vachharajani VT, DeJong MP, Dunn AR. PDZ Domains from the Junctional Proteins Afadin and ZO-1 Act as Mechanosensors. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.09.24.559210. [PMID: 37961673 PMCID: PMC10634676 DOI: 10.1101/2023.09.24.559210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
Intercellular adhesion complexes must withstand mechanical forces to maintain tissue cohesion, while also retaining the capacity for dynamic remodeling during tissue morphogenesis and repair. Most cell-cell adhesion complexes contain at least one PSD95/Dlg/ZO-1 (PDZ) domain situated between the adhesion molecule and the actin cytoskeleton. However, PDZ-mediated interactions are characteristically nonspecific, weak, and transient, with several binding partners per PDZ domain, micromolar dissociation constants, and bond lifetimes of seconds or less. Here, we demonstrate that the bonds between the PDZ domain of the cytoskeletal adaptor protein afadin and the intracellular domains of the adhesion molecules nectin-1 and JAM-A form molecular catch bonds that reinforce in response to mechanical load. In contrast, the bond between the PDZ3-SH3-GUK (PSG) domain of the cytoskeletal adaptor ZO-1 and the JAM-A intracellular domain becomes dramatically weaker in response to ∼2 pN of load, the amount generated by single molecules of the cytoskeletal motor protein myosin II. These results suggest that PDZ domains can serve as force-responsive mechanical anchors at cell-cell adhesion complexes, and that mechanical load can enhance the selectivity of PDZ-peptide interactions. These results suggest that PDZ mechanosensitivity may help to generate the intricate molecular organization of cell-cell junctions and allow junctional complexes to dynamically remodel in response to mechanical load.
Collapse
|
29
|
Zhu H, O’Shaughnessy B. Actomyosin pulsing rescues embryonic tissue folding from disruption by myosin fluctuations. RESEARCH SQUARE 2023:rs.3.rs-2948564. [PMID: 37886516 PMCID: PMC10602173 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-2948564/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
During early development, myosin II mechanically reshapes and folds embryo tissue. A muchstudied example is ventral furrow formation in Drosophila, marking the onset of gastrulation. Furrowing is driven by contraction of actomyosin networks on apical cell surfaces, but how the myosin patterning encodes tissue shape is unclear, and elastic models failed to reproduce essential features of experimental cell contraction profiles. The myosin patterning exhibits substantial cell-to-cell fluctuations with pulsatile time-dependence, a striking but unexplained feature of morphogenesis in many organisms. Here, using biophysical modeling we find viscous forces offer the principal resistance to actomyosin-driven apical constriction. In consequence, tissue shape is encoded in the direction-dependent curvature of the myosin patterning which orients an anterior-posterior furrow. Tissue contraction is highly sensitive to cell-to-cell myosin fluctuations, explaining furrowing failure in genetically perturbed embryos whose fluctuations are temporally persistent. In wild-type embryos this disastrous outcome is averted by pulsatile myosin time-dependence, which rescues furrowing by eliminating high frequencies in the fluctuation power spectrum. This low pass filter mechanism may underlie the usage of actomyosin pulsing in diverse morphogenetic processes across many organisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hongkang Zhu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Ben O’Shaughnessy
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Qian W, Yamaguchi N, Lis P, Cammer M, Knaut H. Pulses of RhoA Signaling Stimulate Actin Polymerization and Flow in Protrusions to Drive Collective Cell Migration. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.10.03.560679. [PMID: 37873192 PMCID: PMC10592895 DOI: 10.1101/2023.10.03.560679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
In animals, cells often move as collectives to shape organs, close wounds, or-in the case of disease-metastasize. To accomplish this, cells need to generate force to propel themselves forward. The motility of singly migrating cells is driven largely by an interplay between Rho GTPase signaling and the actin network (Yamada and Sixt, 2019). Whether cells migrating as collectives use the same machinery for motility is unclear. Using the zebrafish posterior lateral line primordium as a model for collective cell migration, we find that active RhoA and myosin II cluster on the basal sides of the primordium cells and are required for primordium motility. Positive and negative feedbacks cause RhoA and myosin II activities to pulse. These pulses of RhoA signaling stimulate actin polymerization at the tip of the protrusions and myosin II-dependent actin flow and protrusion retraction at the base of the protrusions, and deform the basement membrane underneath the migrating primordium. This suggests that RhoA-induced actin flow on the basal sides of the cells constitutes the motor that pulls the primordium forward, a scenario that likely underlies collective migration in other-but not all (Bastock and Strutt, 2007; Lebreton and Casanova, 2013; Matthews et al., 2008)-contexts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Weiyi Qian
- Skirball Institute of Biomolecular Medicine and Department of Cell Biology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, United States
- These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Naoya Yamaguchi
- Skirball Institute of Biomolecular Medicine and Department of Cell Biology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, United States
- These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Patrycja Lis
- Skirball Institute of Biomolecular Medicine and Department of Cell Biology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, United States
| | - Michael Cammer
- Microscopy laboratory, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, United States
| | - Holger Knaut
- Skirball Institute of Biomolecular Medicine and Department of Cell Biology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, United States
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Gou J, Zhang T, Othmer HG. The Interaction of Mechanics and the Hippo Pathway in Drosophila melanogaster. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:4840. [PMID: 37835534 PMCID: PMC10571775 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15194840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Revised: 09/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Drosophila melanogaster has emerged as an ideal system for studying the networks that control tissue development and homeostasis and, given the similarity of the pathways involved, controlled and uncontrolled growth in mammalian systems. The signaling pathways used in patterning the Drosophila wing disc are well known and result in the emergence of interaction of these pathways with the Hippo signaling pathway, which plays a central role in controlling cell proliferation and apoptosis. Mechanical effects are another major factor in the control of growth, but far less is known about how they exert their control. Herein, we develop a mathematical model that integrates the mechanical interactions between cells, which occur via adherens and tight junctions, with the intracellular actin network and the Hippo pathway so as to better understand cell-autonomous and non-autonomous control of growth in response to mechanical forces.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jia Gou
- Department of Mathematics, University of California, Riverside, CA 92507, USA;
| | - Tianhao Zhang
- School of Mathematics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA;
| | - Hans G. Othmer
- School of Mathematics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA;
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Colin A, Orhant-Prioux M, Guérin C, Savinov M, Cao W, Vianay B, Scarfone I, Roux A, De La Cruz EM, Mogilner A, Théry M, Blanchoin L. Friction patterns guide actin network contraction. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2300416120. [PMID: 37725653 PMCID: PMC10523593 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2300416120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The shape of cells is the outcome of the balance of inner forces produced by the actomyosin network and the resistive forces produced by cell adhesion to their environment. The specific contributions of contractile, anchoring and friction forces to network deformation rate and orientation are difficult to disentangle in living cells where they influence each other. Here, we reconstituted contractile actomyosin networks in vitro to study specifically the role of the friction forces between the network and its anchoring substrate. To modulate the magnitude and spatial distribution of friction forces, we used glass or lipids surface micropatterning to control the initial shape of the network. We adapted the concentration of Nucleating Promoting Factor on each surface to induce the assembly of actin networks of similar densities and compare the deformation of the network toward the centroid of the pattern shape upon myosin-induced contraction. We found that actin network deformation was faster and more coordinated on lipid bilayers than on glass, showing the resistance of friction to network contraction. To further study the role of the spatial distribution of these friction forces, we designed heterogeneous micropatterns made of glass and lipids. The deformation upon contraction was no longer symmetric but biased toward the region of higher friction. Furthermore, we showed that the pattern of friction could robustly drive network contraction and dominate the contribution of asymmetric distributions of myosins. Therefore, we demonstrate that during contraction, both the active and resistive forces are essential to direct the actin network deformation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Colin
- Université Grenoble-Alpes, CEA, CNRS, UMR5168, Interdisciplinary Research Institute of Grenoble, CytoMorpho Lab, Grenoble38054, France
| | - Magali Orhant-Prioux
- Université Grenoble-Alpes, CEA, CNRS, UMR5168, Interdisciplinary Research Institute of Grenoble, CytoMorpho Lab, Grenoble38054, France
| | - Christophe Guérin
- Université Grenoble-Alpes, CEA, CNRS, UMR5168, Interdisciplinary Research Institute of Grenoble, CytoMorpho Lab, Grenoble38054, France
| | - Mariya Savinov
- Courant Institute of Mathematical Sciences, New York University, New York, NY10012
| | - Wenxiang Cao
- Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT06520-8114
| | - Benoit Vianay
- University of Paris, INSERM, Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives, UMRS1160, Institut de Recherche Saint Louis, CytoMorpho Lab, Hôpital Saint Louis, Paris75010, France
| | - Ilaria Scarfone
- Université Grenoble-Alpes, CEA, CNRS, UMR5168, Interdisciplinary Research Institute of Grenoble, CytoMorpho Lab, Grenoble38054, France
| | - Aurélien Roux
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Geneva, CH-1211Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Enrique M. De La Cruz
- Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT06520-8114
| | - Alex Mogilner
- Courant Institute of Mathematical Sciences, New York University, New York, NY10012
| | - Manuel Théry
- Université Grenoble-Alpes, CEA, CNRS, UMR5168, Interdisciplinary Research Institute of Grenoble, CytoMorpho Lab, Grenoble38054, France
- University of Paris, INSERM, Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives, UMRS1160, Institut de Recherche Saint Louis, CytoMorpho Lab, Hôpital Saint Louis, Paris75010, France
| | - Laurent Blanchoin
- Université Grenoble-Alpes, CEA, CNRS, UMR5168, Interdisciplinary Research Institute of Grenoble, CytoMorpho Lab, Grenoble38054, France
- University of Paris, INSERM, Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives, UMRS1160, Institut de Recherche Saint Louis, CytoMorpho Lab, Hôpital Saint Louis, Paris75010, France
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Brunet T. Cell contractility in early animal evolution. Curr Biol 2023; 33:R966-R985. [PMID: 37751712 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2023.07.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Abstract
Tissue deformation mediated by collective cell contractility is a signature characteristic of animals. In most animals, fast and reversible contractions of muscle cells mediate behavior, while slow and irreversible contractions of epithelial or mesenchymal cells play a key role in morphogenesis. Animal tissue contractility relies on the activity of the actin/myosin II complex (together referred to as 'actomyosin'), an ancient and versatile molecular machinery that performs a broad range of functions in development and physiology. This review synthesizes emerging insights from morphological and molecular studies into the evolutionary history of animal contractile tissue. The most ancient functions of actomyosin are cell crawling and cytokinesis, which are found in a wide variety of unicellular eukaryotes and in individual metazoan cells. Another contractile functional module, apical constriction, is universal in metazoans and shared with choanoflagellates, their closest known living relatives. The evolution of animal contractile tissue involved two key innovations: firstly, the ability to coordinate and integrate actomyosin assembly across multiple cells, notably to generate supracellular cables, which ensure tissue integrity but also allow coordinated morphogenesis and movements at the organism scale; and secondly, the evolution of dedicated contractile cell types for adult movement, belonging to two broad categories respectively defined by the expression of the fast (striated-type) and slow (smooth/non-muscle-type) myosin II paralogs. Both contractile cell types ancestrally resembled generic contractile epithelial or mesenchymal cells and might have played a versatile role in both behavior and morphogenesis. Modern animal contractile cells span a continuum between unspecialized contractile epithelia (which underlie behavior in modern placozoans), epithelia with supracellular actomyosin cables (found in modern sponges), epitheliomuscular tissues (with a concentration of actomyosin cables in basal processes, for example in sea anemones), and specialized muscle tissue that has lost most or all epithelial properties (as in ctenophores, jellyfish and bilaterians). Recent studies in a broad range of metazoans have begun to reveal the molecular basis of these transitions, powered by the elaboration of the contractile apparatus and the evolution of 'core regulatory complexes' of transcription factors specifying contractile cell identity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thibaut Brunet
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris-Cité, CNRS UMR3691, Evolutionary Cell Biology and Evolution of Morphogenesis Unit, 25-28 Rue du Docteur Roux, 75015 Paris, France.
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Bai Y, Zhao F, Wu T, Chen F, Pang X. Actin polymerization and depolymerization in developing vertebrates. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1213668. [PMID: 37745245 PMCID: PMC10515290 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1213668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Development is a complex process that occurs throughout the life cycle. F-actin, a major component of the cytoskeleton, is essential for the morphogenesis of tissues and organs during development. F-actin is formed by the polymerization of G-actin, and the dynamic balance of polymerization and depolymerization ensures proper cellular function. Disruption of this balance results in various abnormalities and defects or even embryonic lethality. Here, we reviewed recent findings on the structure of G-actin and F-actin and the polymerization of G-actin to F-actin. We also focused on the functions of actin isoforms and the underlying mechanisms of actin polymerization/depolymerization in cellular and organic morphogenesis during development. This information will extend our understanding of the role of actin polymerization in the physiologic or pathologic processes during development and may open new avenues for developing therapeutics for embryonic developmental abnormalities or tissue regeneration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Bai
- Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing, China
| | - Feng Zhao
- Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing, China
| | - Tingting Wu
- Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing, China
| | - Fangchun Chen
- Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Pang
- Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing, China
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Sun Y, Gu Y, Gao X, Jin X, Wink M, Sharopov FS, Yang L, Sethi G. Lycorine suppresses the malignancy of breast carcinoma by modulating epithelial mesenchymal transition and β-catenin signaling. Pharmacol Res 2023; 195:106866. [PMID: 37499704 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2023.106866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2023] [Revised: 07/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
Lycorine, an isoquinoline alkaloid can exhibit significant anti-cancer effects. The present study was conducted to illustrate the underlying mechanisms of action of lycorine on breast carcinoma under in vitro and in vivo settings Tandem Mass Tag assay and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analysis revealed that 20 signaling pathways were closely related to tumorigenesis, especially Wnt signaling pathway and tight junctions. The results demonstrated that lycorine evidently inhibited the proliferation of MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 cells with IC50 values of 1.84 ± 0.21 μM and 7.76 ± 1.16 μM, respectively. It also blocked cell cycle in G2/M phase, caused a decrease in mitochondrial membrane potential, and induced apoptosis pathways through regulating caspase-3, caspase-8, caspase-9, and PARP expression. Moreover, lycorine effectively repressed the β-catenin signaling and reversed epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) process. Furthermore, 4T1/Luc homograft tumor model was used to further demonstrate that lycorine significantly inhibited the growth and metastasis of breast tumor. These findings highlight the significance of lycorine as potential anti-neoplastic agent to combat breast cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yanfang Sun
- College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, 928, No.2 Street, Qiantang District, Hangzhou 310018, China.
| | - Yi Gu
- College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, 928, No.2 Street, Qiantang District, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Xiaoyan Gao
- College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, 928, No.2 Street, Qiantang District, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Xiaoyan Jin
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Zhejiang Taizhou Municipal Hospital, No. 218, Hengjie Road, Taizhou 318020, China
| | - Michael Wink
- Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 329, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Farukh S Sharopov
- Research Institution "Chinese-Tajik Innovation Center for Natural Products", National Academy of Sciences of Tajikistan, No. 267, Айнй Road, Dushanbe 734025, Tajikistan
| | - Linjun Yang
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Zhejiang Taizhou Municipal Hospital, No. 218, Hengjie Road, Taizhou 318020, China.
| | - Gautam Sethi
- Department of Pharmacology, National University of Singapore, NUS Centre for Cancer Research, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 16 Medical Drive, Singapore, 117600, Singapore..
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Ready DF, Chang HC. Interommatidial cells build a tensile collagen network during Drosophila retinal morphogenesis. Curr Biol 2023; 33:2223-2234.e3. [PMID: 37209679 PMCID: PMC10247444 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2023.04.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Revised: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Drosophila compound eye morphogenesis transforms a simple epithelium into an approximate hollow hemisphere comprised of ∼700 ommatidia, packed as tapering hexagonal prisms between a rigid external array of cuticular lenses and a parallel, rigid internal floor, the fenestrated membrane (FM). Critical to vision, photosensory rhabdomeres are sprung between these two surfaces, grading their length and shape accurately across the eye and aligning them to the optical axis. Using fluorescently tagged collagen and laminin, we show that that the FM assembles sequentially, emerging in the larval eye disc in the wake of the morphogenetic furrow as the original collagen-containing basement membrane (BM) separates from the epithelial floor and is replaced by a new, laminin-rich BM, which advances around axon bundles of newly differentiated photoreceptors as they exit the retina, forming fenestrae in this new, laminin-rich BM. In mid-pupal development, the interommatidial cells (IOCs) autonomously deposit collagen at fenestrae, forming rigid, tension-resisting grommets. In turn, stress fibers assemble in the IOC basal endfeet, where they contact grommets at anchorages mediated by integrin linked kinase (ILK). The hexagonal network of IOC endfeet tiling the retinal floor couples nearest-neighbor grommets into a supracellular tri-axial tension network. Late in pupal development, IOC stress fiber contraction folds pliable BM into a hexagonal grid of collagen-stiffened ridges, concomitantly decreasing the area of convex FM and applying essential morphogenetic longitudinal tension to rapidly growing rhabdomeres. Together, our results reveal an orderly program of sequential assembly and activation of a supramolecular tensile network that governs Drosophila retinal morphogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Donald F Ready
- Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, 915 West State Street, West Lafayette, IN 47907-2054, USA
| | - Henry C Chang
- Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, 915 West State Street, West Lafayette, IN 47907-2054, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Logullo J, Diniz-Lima I, Rocha JDB, Cortê-Real S, Silva-Júnior EBD, Guimarães-de-Oliveira JC, Morrot A, Fonseca LMD, Freire-de-Lima L, Decote-Ricardo D, Freire-de-Lima CG. Increased Trypanosoma cruzi Growth during Infection of Macrophages Cultured on Collagen I Matrix. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:life13041063. [PMID: 37109592 PMCID: PMC10143308 DOI: 10.3390/life13041063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Revised: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The interactions between cell and cellular matrix confers plasticity to each body tissue, influencing the cellular migratory capacity. Macrophages rely on motility to promote their physiological function. These phagocytes are determinant for the control of invasive infections, and their immunological role largely depends on their ability to migrate and adhere to tissue. Therefore, they interact with the components of the extracellular matrix through their adhesion receptors, conferring morphological modifications that change their shape during migration. Nevertheless, the need to use in vitro cell growth models with the conditioning of three-dimensional synthetic matrices to mimic the dynamics of cell-matrix interaction has been increasingly studied. This becomes more important to effectively understand the changes occurring in phagocyte morphology in the context of infection progression, such as in Chagas disease. This disease is caused by the intracellular pathogen Trypanosoma cruzi, capable of infecting macrophages, determinant cells in the anti-trypanosomatid immunity. In the present study, we sought to understand how an in vitro extracellular matrix model interferes with T. cruzi infection in macrophages. Using different time intervals and parasite ratios, we evaluated the cell morphology and parasite replication rate in the presence of 3D collagen I matrix. Nevertheless, microscopy techniques such as scanning electron microscopy were crucial to trace macrophage-matrix interactions. In the present work, we demonstrated for the first time that the macrophage-matrix interaction favors T. cruzi in vitro replication and the release of anti-inflammatory cytokines during macrophage infection, in addition to drastically altering the morphology of the macrophages and promoting the formation of migratory macrophages.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jorgete Logullo
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-901, RJ, Brazil
| | - Israel Diniz-Lima
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-901, RJ, Brazil
| | - Juliana Dutra B Rocha
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-901, RJ, Brazil
| | - Suzana Cortê-Real
- Laboratório de Biologia Estrural, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, RJ, Brazil
| | - Elias Barbosa da Silva-Júnior
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-901, RJ, Brazil
| | | | - Alexandre Morrot
- Laboratório de Imunoparasitogia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, RJ, Brazil
- Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-901, RJ, Brazil
| | - Leonardo Marques da Fonseca
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-901, RJ, Brazil
| | - Leonardo Freire-de-Lima
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-901, RJ, Brazil
| | - Debora Decote-Ricardo
- Instituto de Veterinária, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Seropédica 23890-000, RJ, Brazil
| | - Celio Geraldo Freire-de-Lima
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-901, RJ, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Zhu H, Oâ Shaughnessy B. Actomyosin pulsing rescues embryonic tissue folding from disruption by myosin fluctuations. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.03.16.533016. [PMID: 36993262 PMCID: PMC10055118 DOI: 10.1101/2023.03.16.533016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
During early development, myosin II mechanically reshapes and folds embryo tissue. A much-studied example is ventral furrow formation in Drosophila , marking the onset of gastrulation. Furrowing is driven by contraction of actomyosin networks on apical cell surfaces, but how the myosin patterning encodes tissue shape is unclear, and elastic models failed to reproduce essential features of experimental cell contraction profiles. The myosin patterning exhibits substantial cell-to-cell fluctuations with pulsatile time-dependence, a striking but unexplained feature of morphogenesis in many organisms. Here, using biophysical modeling we find viscous forces offer the principle resistance to actomyosin-driven apical constriction. In consequence, tissue shape is encoded in the direction-dependent curvature of the myosin patterning which orients an anterior-posterior furrow. Tissue contraction is highly sensitive to cell-to-cell myosin fluctuations, explaining furrowing failure in genetically perturbed embryos whose fluctuations are temporally persistent. In wild-type embryos, this catastrophic outcome is averted by pulsatile myosin time-dependence, a time-averaging effect that rescues furrowing. This low pass filter mechanism may underlie the usage of actomyosin pulsing in diverse morphogenetic processes across many organisms.
Collapse
|
39
|
Sun X, Decker J, Sanchez-Luege N, Rebay I. Orthogonal coupling of a 3D cytoskeletal scaffold coordinates cell morphogenesis and maintains tissue organization in the Drosophila pupal retina. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.03.06.531386. [PMID: 36945525 PMCID: PMC10028844 DOI: 10.1101/2023.03.06.531386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
How complex three-dimensional (3D) organs coordinate cellular morphogenetic events to achieve the correct final form is a central question in development. The question is uniquely tractable in the late Drosophila pupal retina where cells maintain stereotyped contacts as they elaborate the specialized cytoskeletal structures that pattern the apical, basal and longitudinal planes of the epithelium. In this study, we combined cell type-specific genetic manipulation of the cytoskeletal regulator Abelson (Abl) with 3D imaging to explore how the distinct cellular morphogenetic programs of photoreceptors and interommatidial pigment cells coordinately organize tissue pattern to support retinal integrity. Our experiments revealed an unanticipated intercellular feedback mechanism whereby correct cellular differentiation of either cell type can non-autonomously induce cytoskeletal remodeling in the other Abl mutant cell type, restoring retinal pattern and integrity. We propose that genetic regulation of specialized cellular differentiation programs combined with inter-plane mechanical feedback confers spatial coordination to achieve robust 3D tissue morphogenesis.
Collapse
|
40
|
Schamberger B, Ziege R, Anselme K, Ben Amar M, Bykowski M, Castro APG, Cipitria A, Coles RA, Dimova R, Eder M, Ehrig S, Escudero LM, Evans ME, Fernandes PR, Fratzl P, Geris L, Gierlinger N, Hannezo E, Iglič A, Kirkensgaard JJK, Kollmannsberger P, Kowalewska Ł, Kurniawan NA, Papantoniou I, Pieuchot L, Pires THV, Renner LD, Sageman-Furnas AO, Schröder-Turk GE, Sengupta A, Sharma VR, Tagua A, Tomba C, Trepat X, Waters SL, Yeo EF, Roschger A, Bidan CM, Dunlop JWC. Curvature in Biological Systems: Its Quantification, Emergence, and Implications across the Scales. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2206110. [PMID: 36461812 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202206110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Surface curvature both emerges from, and influences the behavior of, living objects at length scales ranging from cell membranes to single cells to tissues and organs. The relevance of surface curvature in biology is supported by numerous experimental and theoretical investigations in recent years. In this review, first, a brief introduction to the key ideas of surface curvature in the context of biological systems is given and the challenges that arise when measuring surface curvature are discussed. Giving an overview of the emergence of curvature in biological systems, its significance at different length scales becomes apparent. On the other hand, summarizing current findings also shows that both single cells and entire cell sheets, tissues or organisms respond to curvature by modulating their shape and their migration behavior. Finally, the interplay between the distribution of morphogens or micro-organisms and the emergence of curvature across length scales is addressed with examples demonstrating these key mechanistic principles of morphogenesis. Overall, this review highlights that curved interfaces are not merely a passive by-product of the chemical, biological, and mechanical processes but that curvature acts also as a signal that co-determines these processes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Schamberger
- Department of the Chemistry and Physics of Materials, Paris-Lodron University of Salzburg, 5020, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Ricardo Ziege
- Department of Biomaterials, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, 14476, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Karine Anselme
- IS2M (CNRS - UMR 7361), Université de Haute-Alsace, F-68100, Mulhouse, France
- Université de Strasbourg, F-67081, Strasbourg, France
| | - Martine Ben Amar
- Department of Physics, Laboratoire de Physique de l'Ecole Normale Supérieure, 24 rue Lhomond, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Michał Bykowski
- Department of Plant Anatomy and Cytology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, 02-096, Warsaw, Poland
| | - André P G Castro
- IDMEC, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, 1049-001, Lisboa, Portugal
- ESTS, Instituto Politécnico de Setúbal, 2914-761, Setúbal, Portugal
| | - Amaia Cipitria
- IS2M (CNRS - UMR 7361), Université de Haute-Alsace, F-68100, Mulhouse, France
- Group of Bioengineering in Regeneration and Cancer, Biodonostia Health Research Institute, 20014, San Sebastian, Spain
- IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, 48009, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Rhoslyn A Coles
- Cluster of Excellence, Matters of Activity, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 10178, Berlin, Germany
| | - Rumiana Dimova
- Department of Theory and Bio-Systems, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, 14476, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Michaela Eder
- Department of Biomaterials, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, 14476, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Sebastian Ehrig
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, 13125, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute for Medical Systems Biology, 10115, Berlin, Germany
| | - Luis M Escudero
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla and Departamento de Biología Celular, Universidad de Sevilla, 41013, Seville, Spain
- Biomedical Network Research Centre on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), 28031, Madrid, Spain
| | - Myfanwy E Evans
- Institute for Mathematics, University of Potsdam, 14476, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Paulo R Fernandes
- IDMEC, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, 1049-001, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Peter Fratzl
- Department of Biomaterials, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, 14476, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Liesbet Geris
- Biomechanics Research Unit, GIGA In Silico Medicine, University of Liège, 4000, Liège, Belgium
| | - Notburga Gierlinger
- Institute of Biophysics, Department of Nanobiotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna (Boku), 1190, Vienna, Austria
| | - Edouard Hannezo
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 3400, Klosterneuburg, Austria
| | - Aleš Iglič
- Laboratory of Physics, Faculty of Electrical engineering, University of Ljubljana, Tržaška 25, SI-1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Jacob J K Kirkensgaard
- Condensed Matter Physics, Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, 2100, København Ø, Denmark
- Ingredients and Dairy Technology, Department of Food Science, University of Copenhagen, Rolighedsvej 26, 1958, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Philip Kollmannsberger
- Center for Computational and Theoretical Biology, University of Würzburg, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Łucja Kowalewska
- Department of Plant Anatomy and Cytology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, 02-096, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Nicholas A Kurniawan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, 5600 MB, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Ioannis Papantoniou
- Prometheus Division of Skeletal Tissue Engineering, KU Leuven, O&N1, Herestraat 49, PB 813, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
- Skeletal Biology and Engineering Research Center, Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven, O&N1, Herestraat 49, PB 813, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
- Institute of Chemical Engineering Sciences, Foundation for Research and Technology (FORTH), Stadiou Str., 26504, Patras, Greece
| | - Laurent Pieuchot
- IS2M (CNRS - UMR 7361), Université de Haute-Alsace, F-68100, Mulhouse, France
- Université de Strasbourg, F-67081, Strasbourg, France
| | - Tiago H V Pires
- IDMEC, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, 1049-001, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Lars D Renner
- Leibniz Institute of Polymer Research and the Max Bergmann Center of Biomaterials, 01069, Dresden, Germany
| | | | - Gerd E Schröder-Turk
- School of Physics, Chemistry and Mathematics, Murdoch University, 90 South St, Murdoch, WA, 6150, Australia
- Department of Materials Physics, Research School of Physics, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 2600, Australia
| | - Anupam Sengupta
- Physics of Living Matter, Department of Physics and Materials Science, University of Luxembourg, L-1511, Luxembourg City, Grand Duchy of Luxembourg
| | - Vikas R Sharma
- Department of the Chemistry and Physics of Materials, Paris-Lodron University of Salzburg, 5020, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Antonio Tagua
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla and Departamento de Biología Celular, Universidad de Sevilla, 41013, Seville, Spain
- Biomedical Network Research Centre on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), 28031, Madrid, Spain
| | - Caterina Tomba
- Univ Lyon, CNRS, INSA Lyon, Ecole Centrale de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CPE Lyon, INL, UMR5270, 69622, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Xavier Trepat
- ICREA at the Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia, The Barcelona Institute for Science and Technology, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sarah L Waters
- Mathematical Institute, University of Oxford, OX2 6GG, Oxford, UK
| | - Edwina F Yeo
- Mathematical Institute, University of Oxford, OX2 6GG, Oxford, UK
| | - Andreas Roschger
- Department of the Chemistry and Physics of Materials, Paris-Lodron University of Salzburg, 5020, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Cécile M Bidan
- Department of Biomaterials, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, 14476, Potsdam, Germany
| | - John W C Dunlop
- Department of the Chemistry and Physics of Materials, Paris-Lodron University of Salzburg, 5020, Salzburg, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Ikawa K, Ishihara S, Tamori Y, Sugimura K. Attachment and detachment of cortical myosin regulates cell junction exchange during cell rearrangement in the Drosophila wing epithelium. Curr Biol 2023; 33:263-275.e4. [PMID: 36543168 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2022.11.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Epithelial cells remodel cell adhesion and change their neighbors to shape a tissue. This cellular rearrangement proceeds in three steps: the shrinkage of a junction, exchange of junctions, and elongation of the newly generated junction. Herein, by combining live imaging and physical modeling, we showed that the formation of myosin-II (myo-II) cables around the cell vertices underlies the exchange of junctions in the Drosophila wing epithelium. The local and transient detachment of myo-II from the cell cortex is regulated by the LIM domain-containing protein Jub and the tricellular septate junction protein M6. Moreover, we found that M6 shifts to the adherens junction plane on jub RNAi and that Jub is persistently retained at reconnecting junctions in m6 RNAi cells. This interplay between Jub and M6 can depend on the junction length and thereby couples the detachment of cortical myo-II cables and the shrinkage/elongation of the junction during cell rearrangement. Furthermore, we developed a mechanical model based on the wetting theory and clarified how the physical properties of myo-II cables are integrated with the junction geometry to induce the transition between the attached and detached states and support the unidirectionality of cell rearrangement. Collectively, this study elucidates the orchestration of geometry, mechanics, and signaling for exchanging junctions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Keisuke Ikawa
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0032, Japan; Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences (WPI-iCeMS), Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan; Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Aichi 464-8602, Japan.
| | - Shuji Ishihara
- Department of Integrated Sciences, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 153-8902, Japan; Universal Biology Institute, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Yoichiro Tamori
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Kaoru Sugimura
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0032, Japan; Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences (WPI-iCeMS), Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan; Universal Biology Institute, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan; Department of Computational Biology and Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Chiba 277-8561, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Sheppard L, Green DG, Lerchbaumer G, Rothenberg KE, Fernandez-Gonzalez R, Tepass U. The α-Catenin mechanosensing M region is required for cell adhesion during tissue morphogenesis. J Cell Biol 2022; 222:213759. [PMID: 36520419 PMCID: PMC9757846 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202108091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Revised: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
α-Catenin couples the cadherin-catenin complex to the actin cytoskeleton. The mechanosensitive α-Catenin M region undergoes conformational changes upon application of force to recruit interaction partners. Here, we took advantage of the tension landscape in the Drosophila embryo to define three different states of α-Catenin mechanosensing in support of cell adhesion. Low-, medium-, and high-tension contacts showed a corresponding recruitment of Vinculin and Ajuba, which was dependent on the α-Catenin M region. In contrast, the Afadin homolog Canoe acts in parallel to α-Catenin at bicellular low- and medium-tension junctions but requires an interaction with α-Catenin for its tension-sensitive enrichment at high-tension tricellular junctions. Individual M region domains make complex contributions to cell adhesion through their impact on interaction partner recruitment, and redundancies with the function of Canoe. Our data argue that α-Catenin and its interaction partners are part of a cooperative and partially redundant mechanoresponsive network that supports AJs remodeling during morphogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luka Sheppard
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - David G. Green
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Gerald Lerchbaumer
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Katheryn E. Rothenberg
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada,Ted Rogers Centre for Heart Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Rodrigo Fernandez-Gonzalez
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada,Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada,Ted Rogers Centre for Heart Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada,Developmental and Stem Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
| | - Ulrich Tepass
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada,Correspondence to Ulrich Tepass:
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
A network of mixed actin polarity in the leading edge of spreading cells. Commun Biol 2022; 5:1338. [PMID: 36473943 PMCID: PMC9727120 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-022-04288-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Physical interactions of cells with the underlying extracellular matrix (ECM) play key roles in multiple cellular processes. The actin cytoskeleton is a central driver and regulator of cellular dynamics, that produces membrane-protrusions such as lamellipodia and filopodia. Here, we examined actin organization in expanding lamellipodia during early stages of cell spreading. To gain insight into the 3D actin organization, we plated fibroblasts on galectin-8 coated EM grids, an ECM protein presents in disease states. We then combined cryo-electron tomography with advanced image processing tools for reconstructing the structure of F-actin in the lamellipodia. This approach enabled us to resolve the polarity and orientation of filaments, and the structure of the Arp2/3 complexes associated with F-actin branches. We show that F-actin in lamellipodial protrusions forms a dense network with three distinct sub-domains. One consists primarily of radial filaments, with their barbed ends pointing towards the membrane, the other is enriched with parallel filaments that run between the radial fibers, in addition to an intermediate sub-domain. Surprisingly, a minor, yet significant (~10%) population of actin filaments, are oriented with their barbed-ends towards the cell center. Our results provide structural insights into F-actin assembly and dynamic reorganization in the leading edge of spreading cells.
Collapse
|
44
|
Wen FL. Expansion of ring-shaped supracellular contractile cables induces epithelial sheet folding. Phys Rev E 2022; 106:064403. [PMID: 36671152 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.106.064403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The folding of epithelial cell sheets is a fundamental process that sculpts developing tissues and organs into their proper shapes required for normal physiological functions. In the absence of detailed biochemical regulations, the epithelial sheet folding may simply proceed through buckling due to mechanical compression arising extrinsically from the surroundings or intrinsically within the sheets. Previous studies hypothesized that the formation of an expanding supracellular actomyosin ring within epithelial sheets could result in compression that ultimately leads to epithelial folding during tracheal development in the Drosophila (fruit fly) embryo. However, the exact mechanism by which the formation of epithelial folds is coordinated by the ring expansion remains unclear. Using a vertex-based mechanical model, here I systematically study the dependence of epithelial fold formation on the physical properties of expanding supracellular contractile rings. The simulations show that depending on the contractile strength, epithelial cell sheets can undergo distinct patterns of folding during ring expansion. The formation of folds in particular is robust against fluctuations in the ring properties such as ring numbers and tensions. These findings provide a systematic view to understand how the expansion of supracellular contractile rings in epithelial sheets mediates epithelial folding morphogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fu-Lai Wen
- International Center for Wound Repair and Regeneration, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan and RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Kobe 650-0047, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Lewis BM, Suggett DS, Prentis PJ, Nothdurft LD. Cellular adaptations leading to coral fragment attachment on artificial substrates in Acropora millepora (Am-CAM). Sci Rep 2022; 12:18431. [PMID: 36319668 PMCID: PMC9626494 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-23134-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Reproductive propagation by asexual fragmentation in the reef-building coral Acropora millepora depends on (1) successful attachment to the reef substrate through modification of soft tissues and (2) a permanent bond with skeletal encrustation. Despite decades of research examining asexual propagation in corals, the initial response, cellular reorganisation, and development leading to fragment substrate attachment via a newly formed skeleton has not been documented in its entirety. Here, we establish the first "coral attachment model" for this species ("Am-CAM") by developing novel methods that allow correlation of fluorescence and electron microscopy image data with in vivo microscopic time-lapse imagery. This multi-scale imaging approach identified three distinct phases involved in asexual propagation: (1) the contact response of the coral fragment when contact with the substrate, followed by (2) fragment stabilisation through anchoring by the soft tissue, and (3) formation of a "lappet-like appendage" structure leading to substrate bonding of the tissue for encrustation through the onset of skeletal calcification. In developing Am-CAM, we provide new biological insights that can enable reef researchers, managers and coral restoration practitioners to begin evaluating attachment effectiveness, which is needed to optimise species-substrate compatibility and achieve effective outplanting.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brett M. Lewis
- grid.1024.70000000089150953School of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Faculty of Science, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD Australia
| | - David S. Suggett
- grid.117476.20000 0004 1936 7611Climate Change Cluster (C3), University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW Australia
| | - Peter J. Prentis
- grid.1024.70000000089150953Centre for Agriculture and Bioeconomy and School of Biology and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD Australia
| | - Luke D. Nothdurft
- grid.1024.70000000089150953School of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Faculty of Science, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD Australia
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Multiciliated cells use filopodia to probe tissue mechanics during epithelial integration in vivo. Nat Commun 2022; 13:6423. [PMID: 36307428 PMCID: PMC9616887 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-34165-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
During embryonic development, regeneration, and homeostasis, cells have to migrate and physically integrate into the target tissues where they ultimately execute their function. While much is known about the biochemical pathways driving cell migration in vivo, we are only beginning to understand the mechanical interplay between migrating cells and their surrounding tissue. Here, we reveal that multiciliated cell precursors in the Xenopus embryo use filopodia to pull at the vertices of the overlying epithelial sheet. This pulling is effectively used to sense vertex stiffness and identify the preferred positions for cell integration into the tissue. Notably, we find that pulling forces equip multiciliated cells with the ability to remodel the epithelial junctions of the neighboring cells, enabling them to generate a permissive environment that facilitates integration. Our findings reveal the intricate physical crosstalk at the cell-tissue interface and uncover previously unknown functions for mechanical forces in orchestrating cell integration.
Collapse
|
47
|
Proteomic Changes in Paspalum fasciculatum Leaves Exposed to Cd Stress. PLANTS 2022; 11:plants11192455. [PMID: 36235321 PMCID: PMC9573290 DOI: 10.3390/plants11192455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2022] [Revised: 09/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
(1) Background: Cadmium is a toxic heavy metal that is widely distributed in water, soil, and air. It is present in agrochemicals, wastewater, battery waste, and volcanic eruptions. Thus, it can be absorbed by plants and enter the trophic chain. P. fasciculatum is a plant with phytoremediation capacity that can tolerate Cd stress, but changes in its proteome related to this tolerance have not yet been identified. (2) Methods: We conducted a quantitative analysis of the proteins present in P. fasciculatum leaves cultivated under greenhouse conditions in mining soils doped with 0 mg kg−1 (control), 30 mg kg−1, or 50 mg kg−1. This was carried out using the label-free shotgun proteomics technique. In this way, we determined the changes in the proteomes of the leaves of these plants, which allowed us to propose some tolerance mechanisms involved in the response to Cd stress. (3) Results: In total, 329 variable proteins were identified between treatments, which were classified into those associated with carbohydrate and energy metabolism; photosynthesis; structure, transport, and metabolism of proteins; antioxidant stress and defense; RNA and DNA processing; and signal transduction. (4) Conclusions: Based on changes in the differences in the leaf protein profiles between treatments, we hypothesize that some proteins associated with signal transduction (Ras-related protein RABA1e), HSPs (heat shock cognate 70 kDa protein 2), growth (actin-7), and cellular development (actin-1) are part of the tolerance response to Cd stress.
Collapse
|
48
|
Biao T, Cai-Feng H, Xiao-Hong L, Xiao-Li C, Wen-Bei L, Jun W, Chao C, Tao Y. From Bowen disease to cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma: eight markers were verified from transcriptomic and proteomic analyses. J Transl Med 2022; 20:416. [PMID: 36085041 PMCID: PMC9462620 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-022-03622-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Bowen's disease is a cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (CSCC) in situ. If left untreated, BD may progress to invasive CSCC. CSCC is one of the most common cutaneous carcinoma in the elderly and the advanced, metastasis CSCC usually have a poor outcomes. However, the mechanisms of invasion and metastasis from Bowen’s disease to CSCC is complicated and still unclear. Objectives The aim of this study was to explore the biomarkers and molecular alterations in Bowen’s disease development process via analyzing the proteomics changes in tissues of CSCC, Bowen disease and healthy skin. Methods A total of 7 individuals with CSCC (5 for proteomics study and 2 for validation), 7 individuals with Bowen disease (5 for proteomics study and 2 for validation) and 7 healthy controls (5 for proteomics study and 2 for validation) presented to the Department of Dermatology, Yijishan Hospital, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College between January 2021 and December 2021 were enrolled. The proteomics analysis was performed to screen differentially expressed proteins/gens (DEPs/DEGs) in the lesions of CSCC, Bowen disease and healthy skin tissues. The transcriptomic data (GSE32628) of CSCC was selected and downloaded from the GEO database. The common DEGs in our proteomics results and GSE32628 between CSCC and healthy skin tissues were selected. And then, the common DEGs which significantly up or down-regulated between CSCC and Bowen disease in our proteomics results were further screened to identify using Western blot methods in the validation group. CSCC A431 cells were transfected with SERPINB1 small interfering RNA (si-SERPINB1) or small interfering RNA negative control (si-NC). To explore the effect of SERPINB1 silencing on migration and invasion ability of A431 cells. Results A total of 501 proteins were differentially expressed between the CSCC and healthy skin tissues, with 332 up-regulated and 169 down-regulated at least 1.5-fold with a P value < 0.05. These DEPs involved multiple biological functions such as protein binding process, immune, inflammation, ribosome, protein digestion and absorption, ECM-receptor interaction, focal adhesion, PI3K-Akt signaling pathway and others. A total of 20 common DEGs (COL3A1, LUM, TNC, COL1A1, ALDH3A2, FSCN1, SERPINB4, SERPINB1, CD36, COL4A1, CSTB, GPX3, S100A7, ACTN1, SERPINB3, S100A8, RAB31, STAT1, SPRR1B, S100A9) between CSCC and healthy skin tissues in GSE32628 and our proteomics results were found. Besides, the proteins of TNC, FSCN1, SERPINB1, ACTN1 and RAB31 in CSCC were significantly up-regulated, while COL3A1, COL1A1 and CD36 were significantly down-regulated relative to Bowen disease in proteomics results. These proteins were mainly involved in multiple pathways, including Focal adhesion, ECM-receptor interaction, Human papillomavirus infection, PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, PPAR signaling pathway, AMPK signaling pathway and others. These eight proteins were selected for further validation. According to the Western blotting analysis, when compared with the Bowen disease and healthy skin tissues, we found that the relative expression levels of TNC, FSCN1, SERPINB1, ACTN1 and RAB31 in the CSCC were significantly increased, while COL1A1 and CD36 were significantly decreased, and the differences were statistically significant (P < 0.05). Furthermore, the relative expression levels of TNC, FSCN1, SERPINB1 in the Bowen disease were also significantly increased, while the COL3A1 were also significantly decreased relative to the healthy control. SERPINB1 siRNA inhibited the expression of SERPINB1 at mRNA and protein levels in the A431 cells. After interfering with the expression of SERPINB1, the migration and invasion ability in the A431 cells were significantly decreased (P < 0.05). Conclusions This study highlights that eight proteins, TNC, FSCN1, SERPINB1, ACTN1, RAB31, COL3A1, COL1A1, CD36, were significantly associated with the mechanisms of invasion and metastasis in Bowen’s disease. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12967-022-03622-1.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tang Biao
- Department of Dermatology, Yijishan Hospital, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui, China
| | - He Cai-Feng
- Department of Dermatology, Yijishan Hospital, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui, China
| | - Lu Xiao-Hong
- Department of Dermatology, Yijishan Hospital, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui, China
| | - Chang Xiao-Li
- Department of Dermatology, Yijishan Hospital, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui, China
| | - Liu Wen-Bei
- Department of Dermatology, Yijishan Hospital, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui, China
| | - Wang Jun
- Department of Dermatology, Yijishan Hospital, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui, China
| | - Ci Chao
- Department of Dermatology, Yijishan Hospital, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui, China.
| | - Yuan Tao
- Department of Dermatology, Yijishan Hospital, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui, China.
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Khalil K, Eon A, Janody F. Cell Architecture-Dependent Constraints: Critical Safeguards to Carcinogenesis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23158622. [PMID: 35955754 PMCID: PMC9369145 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Revised: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/30/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Animal cells display great diversity in their shape. These morphological characteristics result from crosstalk between the plasma membrane and the force-generating capacities of the cytoskeleton macromolecules. Changes in cell shape are not merely byproducts of cell fate determinants, they also actively drive cell fate decisions, including proliferation and differentiation. Global and local changes in cell shape alter the transcriptional program by a multitude of mechanisms, including the regulation of physical links between the plasma membrane and the nuclear envelope and the mechanical modulation of cation channels and signalling molecules. It is therefore not surprising that anomalies in cell shape contribute to several diseases, including cancer. In this review, we discuss the possibility that the constraints imposed by cell shape determine the behaviour of normal and pro-tumour cells by organizing the whole interconnected regulatory network. In turn, cell behaviour might stabilize cells into discrete shapes. However, to progress towards a fully transformed phenotype and to acquire plasticity properties, pro-tumour cells might need to escape these cell shape restrictions. Thus, robust controls of the cell shape machinery may represent a critical safeguard against carcinogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Komal Khalil
- i3S—Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen, 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; (K.K.); (A.E.)
- IPATIMUP—Instituto de Patologia e Imunologia Molecular da Universidade do Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias s/n, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
- Master Programme in Oncology, School of Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, University of Porto (ICBAS-UP), Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-513 Porto, Portugal
| | - Alice Eon
- i3S—Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen, 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; (K.K.); (A.E.)
- IPATIMUP—Instituto de Patologia e Imunologia Molecular da Universidade do Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias s/n, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
- Magistère Européen de Génétique, Université Paris Cité, 5 Rue Thomas Mann, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Florence Janody
- i3S—Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen, 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; (K.K.); (A.E.)
- IPATIMUP—Instituto de Patologia e Imunologia Molecular da Universidade do Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias s/n, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Wang A, Dunn AR, Weis WI. Mechanism of the cadherin-catenin F-actin catch bond interaction. eLife 2022; 11:80130. [PMID: 35913118 PMCID: PMC9402232 DOI: 10.7554/elife.80130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mechanotransduction at cell-cell adhesions is crucial for the structural integrity, organization, and morphogenesis of epithelia. At cell-cell junctions, ternary E-cadherin/β-catenin/αE-catenin complexes sense and transmit mechanical load by binding to F-actin. The interaction with F-actin, described as a two-state catch bond, is weak in solution but is strengthened by applied force due to force-dependent transitions between weak and strong actin-binding states. Here, we provide direct evidence from optical trapping experiments that the catch bond property principally resides in the αE-catenin actin-binding domain (ABD). Consistent with our previously proposed model, deletion of the first helix of the five-helix ABD bundle enables stable interactions with F-actin under minimal load that are well-described by a single-state slip bond, even when αE-catenin is complexed with β-catenin and E-cadherin. Our data argue for a conserved catch bond mechanism for adhesion proteins with structurally similar ABDs. We also demonstrate that a stably bound ABD strengthens load-dependent binding interactions between a neighboring complex and F-actin, but the presence of the other αE-catenin domains weakens this effect. These results provide mechanistic insight to the cooperative binding of the cadherin-catenin complex to F-actin, which regulate dynamic cytoskeletal linkages in epithelial tissues.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amy Wang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, United States
| | - Alexander R Dunn
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, United States
| | - William I Weis
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, United States
| |
Collapse
|