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Bidgood GM, Keating N, Doggett K, Nicholson SE. SOCS1 is a critical checkpoint in immune homeostasis, inflammation and tumor immunity. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1419951. [PMID: 38947335 PMCID: PMC11211259 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1419951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024] Open
Abstract
The Suppressor of Cytokine Signaling (SOCS) family proteins are important negative regulators of cytokine signaling. SOCS1 is the prototypical member of the SOCS family and functions in a classic negative-feedback loop to inhibit signaling in response to interferon, interleukin-12 and interleukin-2 family cytokines. These cytokines have a critical role in orchestrating our immune defence against viral pathogens and cancer. The ability of SOCS1 to limit cytokine signaling positions it as an important immune checkpoint, as evidenced by the detection of detrimental SOCS1 variants in patients with cytokine-driven inflammatory and autoimmune disease. SOCS1 has also emerged as a key checkpoint that restricts anti-tumor immunity, playing both a tumor intrinsic role and impacting the ability of various immune cells to mount an effective anti-tumor response. In this review, we describe the mechanism of SOCS1 action, focusing on the role of SOCS1 in autoimmunity and cancer, and discuss the potential for new SOCS1-directed cancer therapies that could be used to enhance adoptive immunotherapy and immune checkpoint blockade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grace M. Bidgood
- Inflammation Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Narelle Keating
- Inflammation Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Karen Doggett
- Inflammation Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Sandra E. Nicholson
- Inflammation Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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2
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Vargová D, Dargaj J, Dohál M, Fraňová S, Ľupták J, Škorňová I, Švihra J, Briš L, Slávik P, Šutovská M. Immune analysis of urine and plasma samples from patients with clear cell renal cell carcinoma. Oncol Lett 2024; 27:281. [PMID: 38736737 PMCID: PMC11082642 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2024.14414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is the third most common type of urological malignancy worldwide, and it is associated with a silent progression and late manifestation. Patients with a metastatic form of ccRCC have a poor prognosis; however, when the disease is diagnosed early, it is largely curable. Currently, there are no biomarkers available in clinical practice for ccRCC. Thus, the aim of the present study was to measure 27 biologically relevant cytokines in preoperative and postoperative urine samples, and in preoperative plasma samples from 34 patients with ccRCC, and to evaluate their diagnostic significance. The concentrations of cytokines were assessed by multiplex immune assay. The results showed significantly higher levels of IL-1 receptor antagonist, IL-6, IL-15, chemokine (C-C motif) ligand (CCL)2, CCL3, CCL4, C-X-C motif ligand (CXCL)10, granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and platelet-derived growth factor-BB (PDGF-BB), and lower levels of granulocyte colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) in urine samples from patients prior to surgery compared with those in the controls. Notably, the urine levels of G-CSF, IL-5 and vascular endothelial growth factor differed following tumor removal compared with the preoperative urine levels. In addition, urinary G-CSF, GM-CSF, IL-6, CXCL10, CCL5 and PDGF-BB appeared to be potential markers of tumor grade. Plasma from patients with ccRCC contained significantly higher levels of IL-6 and lower levels of CCL2 than control plasma. In conclusion, the present findings indicated that urinary and circulating cytokines may represent a promising novel tool for the early diagnosis of ccRCC and/or prediction of tumor grade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Vargová
- Department of Pharmacology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, 036 01 Martin, Slovakia
| | - Ján Dargaj
- Department of Urology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava and University Hospital Martin, 036 01 Martin, Slovakia
| | - Matúš Dohál
- Biomedical Centre Martin, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, 036 01 Martin, Slovakia
| | - Soňa Fraňová
- Department of Pharmacology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, 036 01 Martin, Slovakia
| | - Ján Ľupták
- Department of Urology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava and University Hospital Martin, 036 01 Martin, Slovakia
| | - Ingrid Škorňová
- Department of Hematology and Transfusiology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava and University Hospital Martin, 036 01 Martin, Slovakia
| | - Ján Švihra
- Department of Urology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava and University Hospital Martin, 036 01 Martin, Slovakia
| | - Lukáš Briš
- Department of Urology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava and University Hospital Martin, 036 01 Martin, Slovakia
| | - Pavol Slávik
- Department of Pathological Anatomy, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University, 036 01 Martin, Slovakia
| | - Martina Šutovská
- Department of Pharmacology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, 036 01 Martin, Slovakia
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3
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Yau J, Chukwu P, Jedlicka SS, Ramamurthi A. Assessing trans-endothelial transport of nanoparticles for delivery to abdominal aortic aneurysms. J Biomed Mater Res A 2024; 112:881-894. [PMID: 38192169 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.37667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
Abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAAs) are localized, rupture-prone expansions of the abdominal aorta wall. In this condition, structural extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins of the aorta wall, elastic fibers and collagen fibers, that impart elasticity and stiffness respectively, are slowly degraded by overexpressed matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) following an injury stimulus. We are seeking to deliver therapeutics to the AAA wall using polymer nanoparticles (NPs) that are capable of stimulating on-site matrix regeneration and repair. This study aimed to determine how NP shape and size impacts endocytosis and transmigration past the endothelial cell (EC) layer from circulation into the medial layer of the AAA wall. First, rod-shaped NPs were shown to be created based mechanical stretching of PLGA NPs while embedded in a PVA film with longer rod-shaped NPs created based of the degree in which the PVA films are stretched. Live/dead assay reveals that our PLGA NPs are safe and do not cause cell death. Immunofluorescence staining reveal cytokine activation causes endothelial dysfunction in ECs by increasing expression of inflammatory marker Integrin αVβ3 and decreasing expression of adhesion protein vascular endothelial (VE)-cadherin. We showed this disruption enable greater EC uptake and translocation of NPs. Fluorescence studies demonstrate high endothelial transmigration and endocytosis with rod-shaped NPs in cytokine activated ECs compared to healthy control cells, arguing for the benefits of using higher aspect ratio (AR) NPs for accumulation at the aneurysm site. We also demonstrated that the mechanisms of NP transmigration across an activated EC layer depend on NP AR. These results show the potential of using shape as a modality for enhancing permeation of NPs into the aneurysm wall. These studies are also significance to understanding the mechanisms that are likely engaged by NPs for penetrating the endothelial lining of aneurysmal wall segments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jimmy Yau
- Department of Bioengineering, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Patience Chukwu
- Department of Bioengineering, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Sabrina S Jedlicka
- Department of Bioengineering, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Anand Ramamurthi
- Department of Bioengineering, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania, USA
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4
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Hui San S, Ching Ngai S. E-cadherin re-expression: Its potential in combating TRAIL resistance and reversing epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition. Gene 2024; 909:148293. [PMID: 38373660 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2024.148293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Abstract
The major limitation of conventional chemotherapy drugs is their lack of specificity for cancer cells. As a selective apoptosis-inducing agent, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) has emerged as an attractive alternative. However, most of the cancer cells are found to be either intrinsically resistant to the TRAIL protein or may develop resistance after multiple treatments, and TRAIL resistance can induce epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) at a later stage, promoting cancer invasion and migration. Interestingly, E-cadherin loss has been linked to TRAIL resistance and initiation of EMT, making E-cadherin re-expression a potential target to overcome these obstacles. Recent research suggests that re-expressing E-cadherin may reduce TRAIL resistance by enhancing TRAIL-induced apoptosis and preventing EMT by modulating EMT signalling factors. This reversal of EMT, can also aid in improving TRAIL-induced apoptosis. Therefore, this review provides remarkable insights into the mechanisms underlying E-cadherin re-expression, clinical implications, and potentiation, as well as the research gaps of E-cadherin re-expression in the current cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ser Hui San
- School of Biosciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Nottingham Malaysia, 43500 Semenyih, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Siew Ching Ngai
- School of Biosciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Nottingham Malaysia, 43500 Semenyih, Selangor, Malaysia.
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5
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van Brakel L, Mensink RP, Lütjohann D, Plat J. Plant stanol consumption increases anti-COVID-19 antibody responses, independent of changes in serum cholesterol concentrations: a randomized controlled trial. Am J Clin Nutr 2024; 119:969-980. [PMID: 38278364 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajcnut.2024.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 01/28/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND People with overweight/obesity generally have impaired immune responses, resulting among others in increased risk of severe complaints and hospitalization after infections with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (COVID-19), as well as decreased antibody production after vaccinations. Plant stanol ester previously increased the combined IgM/IgG antibody titers toward a hepatitis A vaccination in patients with allergic asthma, but the underlying mechanism is unknown. OBJECTIVES We evaluated whether plant stanol ester consumption improved the immune response in subjects with overweight/obesity after a COVID-19 vaccination. METHODS A double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial was performed. Thirty-two subjects with overweight/obesity consumed products with added plant stanols (4 g/d; provided as plant stanol ester) or control ≥2 wk before receiving their COVID-19 vaccination until 4 wk after vaccination. Antibody titers were analyzed weekly and statistically analyzed using mixed models. Serum metabolic markers and cytokine profiles were also analyzed. RESULTS IgM concentrations against the COVID-19 Spike protein were increased in the plant stanol ester group compared with the control group, with the largest difference observed 2 wk after vaccination [31.2 (0.43, 62.1) BAU/mL, or +139%; Group × Time: P = 0.031]. Subjects that produced very low IgM antibodies produced, as expected, hardly any IgG antibodies. In those with IgG seroconversion, IgG Spike concentrations were also increased in the plant stanol ester group compared with the control group [71.3 (2.51, 140.1) BAU/mL; Group P = 0.043]. Stimulated cytokine concentrations decreased in the plant stanol ester group compared with the control group in all 3 cytokine domains (that is, proinflammatory, T helper [Th1]/Th17, and Th2/regulatory T cells). Between-group differences in serum LDL cholesterol or other metabolic markers were not observed. CONCLUSIONS Consuming plant stanols (4 g/d) affects immune responses to COVID-19 vaccinations, translating into increased serum anti-COVID-19 IgM concentrations in subjects with overweight/obesity. Only in IgG seroconverted subjects, serum anti-COVID-19 IgG concentrations also increase. These effects are independent of reductions in LDL cholesterol. These results suggest that this high-risk group for COVID-19 complications could benefit from plant stanol consumption. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT04844346.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lieve van Brakel
- Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, NUTRIM School of Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
| | - Ronald P Mensink
- Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, NUTRIM School of Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Dieter Lütjohann
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Jogchum Plat
- Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, NUTRIM School of Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
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6
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Takito J, Nonaka N. Osteoclasts at Bone Remodeling: Order from Order. Results Probl Cell Differ 2024; 71:227-256. [PMID: 37996681 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-37936-9_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
Osteoclasts are multinucleated bone-resorbing cells derived from the monocyte/macrophage lineage. The macrophage colony-stimulating factor/receptor activator of nuclear factor κB ligand (M-CSF/RANKL) signaling network governs the differentiation of precursor cells into fusion-competent mononucleated cells. Repetitive fusion of fusion-competent cells produces multinucleated osteoclasts. Osteoclasts are believed to die via apoptosis after bone resorption. However, recent studies have found that osteoclastogenesis in vivo proceeds by replacing the old nucleus of existing osteoclasts with a single newly differentiated mononucleated cell. Thus, the formation of new osteoclasts is minimal. Furthermore, the sizes of osteoclasts can change via cell fusion and fission in response to external conditions. On the other hand, osteoclastogenesis in vitro involves various levels of heterogeneity, including osteoclast precursors, mode of fusion, and properties of the differentiated osteoclasts. To better understand the origin of these heterogeneities and the plasticity of osteoclasts, we examine several processes of osteoclastogenesis in this review. Candidate mechanisms that create heterogeneity involve asymmetric cell division, osteoclast niche, self-organization, and mode of fusion and fission. Elucidation of the plasticity or fluctuation of the M-CSF/RANKL network should be an important topic for future researches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiro Takito
- Department of Oral Anatomy and Developmental Biology, School of Dentistry, Showa University, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Naoko Nonaka
- Department of Oral Anatomy and Developmental Biology, School of Dentistry, Showa University, Tokyo, Japan
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7
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Arun S, Patel PK, Lakshmanan K, Rajangopal K, Swaminathan G, Byran G. Targeting STAT3 Enzyme for Cancer Treatment. Mini Rev Med Chem 2024; 24:1252-1261. [PMID: 38299278 DOI: 10.2174/0113895575254012231024062619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
A category of cytoplasmic transcription factors called STATs mediates intracellular signaling, which is frequently generated at receptors on cell surfaces and subsequently sent to the nucleus. STAT3 is a member of a responsible for a variety of human tumor forms, including lymphomas, hematological malignancies, leukemias, multiple myeloma and several solid tumor types. Numerous investigations have demonstrated constitutive STAT3 activation lead to cancer development such as breast, head and neck, lung, colorectal, ovarian, gastric, hepatocellular, and prostate cancers. It's possible to get a hold of the book here. Tumor cells undergo apoptosis when STAT3 activation is suppressed. This review highlights the STAT3 activation and inhibition which can be used for further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sowmiya Arun
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Ooty, Nilgiris, 643001, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Praveen Kumar Patel
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Ooty, Nilgiris, 643001, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Kaviarasan Lakshmanan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Satyabhama Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, India
| | - Kalirajan Rajangopal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Ooty, Nilgiris, 643001, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Gomathi Swaminathan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Ooty, Nilgiris, 643001, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Gowramma Byran
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Ooty, Nilgiris, 643001, Tamil Nadu, India
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8
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Wang Y, Morishima T, Sezaki M, Sato R, Nakato G, Fukuda S, Kobiyama K, Ishii KJ, Li Y, Takizawa H. Akkermansia muciniphila induces slow extramedullary hematopoiesis via cooperative IL-1R/TLR signals. EMBO Rep 2023; 24:e57485. [PMID: 37870318 DOI: 10.15252/embr.202357485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2023] [Revised: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacterial infections can activate and mobilize hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) from the bone marrow (BM) to the spleen, a process termed extramedullary hematopoiesis (EMH). Recent studies suggest that commensal bacteria regulate not only the host immune system but also hematopoietic homeostasis. However, the impact of gut microbes on hematopoietic pathology remains unclear. Here, we find that systemic single injections of Akkermansia muciniphila (A. m.), a mucin-degrading bacterium, rapidly activate BM myelopoiesis and slow but long-lasting hepato-splenomegaly, characterized by the expansion and differentiation of functional HSPCs, which we term delayed EMH. Mechanistically, delayed EMH triggered by A. m. is mediated entirely by the MYD88/TRIF innate immune signaling pathway, which persistently stimulates splenic myeloid cells to secrete interleukin (IL)-1α, and in turn, activates IL-1 receptor (IL-1R)-expressing splenic HSPCs. Genetic deletion of Toll-like receptor-2 and -4 (TLR2/4) or IL-1α partially diminishes A. m.-induced delayed EMH, while inhibition of both pathways alleviates splenomegaly and EMH. Our results demonstrate that cooperative IL-1R- and TLR-mediated signals regulate commensal bacteria-driven EMH, which might be relevant for certain autoimmune disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxin Wang
- Department of Hematology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Stress, International Research Center for Medical Sciences (IRCMS), Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Morishima
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Stress, International Research Center for Medical Sciences (IRCMS), Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
- Laboratory of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Engineering, IRCMS, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Maiko Sezaki
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Stress, International Research Center for Medical Sciences (IRCMS), Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
- Laboratory of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Engineering, IRCMS, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Ryo Sato
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Stress, International Research Center for Medical Sciences (IRCMS), Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Gaku Nakato
- Gut Environmental Design Group, Kanagawa Institute of Industrial Science and Technology, Atsugi, Japan
| | - Shinji Fukuda
- Gut Environmental Design Group, Kanagawa Institute of Industrial Science and Technology, Atsugi, Japan
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences (IAB), Keio University, Tokyo, Japan
- Transborder Medical Research Center, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Kouji Kobiyama
- Division of Vaccine Science, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- International Vaccine Design Center, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ken J Ishii
- Division of Vaccine Science, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- International Vaccine Design Center, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuhua Li
- Department of Hematology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Bioland Laboratory (Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory), Guangzhou, China
| | - Hitoshi Takizawa
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Stress, International Research Center for Medical Sciences (IRCMS), Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
- Center for Metabolic Regulation of Healthy Aging (CMHA), Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
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Liu J, Ren H, Zhang C, Li J, Qiu Q, Zhang N, Jiang N, Lovell JF, Zhang Y. Orally-Delivered, Cytokine-Engineered Extracellular Vesicles for Targeted Treatment of Inflammatory Bowel Disease. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023; 19:e2304023. [PMID: 37728188 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202304023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023]
Abstract
The use of orally-administered therapeutic proteins for treatment of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) has been limited due to the harsh gastrointestinal environment and low bioavailability that affects delivery to diseased sites. Here, a nested delivery system, termed Gal-IL10-EVs (C/A) that protects interleukin 10 (IL-10) from degradation in the stomach and enables targeted delivery of IL-10 to inflammatory macrophages infiltrating the colonic lamina propria, is reported. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) carrying IL-10 are designed to be secreted from genetically engineered mammalian cells by a plasmid system, and EVs are subsequently modified with galactose, endowing the targeted IL-10 delivery to inflammatory macrophages. Chitosan/alginate (C/A) hydrogel coating on Gal-IL10-EVs enables protection from harsh conditions in the gastrointestinal tract and favorable delivery to the colonic lumen, where the C/A hydrogel coating is removed at the diseased sites. Gal-IL10-EVs control the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and inhibit the expression of proinflammatory cytokines. In a murine model of colitis, Gal-IL10-EVs (C/A) alleviate IBD symptoms including inflammatory responses and disrupt colonic barriers. Taken together, Gal-IL10-EVs (C/A) features biocompatibility, pH-responsive drug release, and macrophage-targeting as a therapeutic platform for oral delivery of bioactive proteins for treating intestinal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingang Liu
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), Frontiers Science Center for Synthetic Biology (Ministry of Education), Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, P. R. China
| | - He Ren
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), Frontiers Science Center for Synthetic Biology (Ministry of Education), Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, P. R. China
| | - Chen Zhang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), Frontiers Science Center for Synthetic Biology (Ministry of Education), Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, P. R. China
| | - Jiexin Li
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), Frontiers Science Center for Synthetic Biology (Ministry of Education), Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, P. R. China
| | - Qian Qiu
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), Frontiers Science Center for Synthetic Biology (Ministry of Education), Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, P. R. China
| | - Nan Zhang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), Frontiers Science Center for Synthetic Biology (Ministry of Education), Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, P. R. China
| | - Ning Jiang
- School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
| | - Jonathan F Lovell
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, 14260, USA
| | - Yumiao Zhang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), Frontiers Science Center for Synthetic Biology (Ministry of Education), Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, P. R. China
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Sekita A, Kawasaki H, Fukushima-Nomura A, Yashiro K, Tanese K, Toshima S, Ashizaki K, Miyai T, Yazaki J, Kobayashi A, Namba S, Naito T, Wang QS, Kawakami E, Seita J, Ohara O, Sakurada K, Okada Y, Amagai M, Koseki H. Multifaceted analysis of cross-tissue transcriptomes reveals phenotype-endotype associations in atopic dermatitis. Nat Commun 2023; 14:6133. [PMID: 37783685 PMCID: PMC10545679 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-41857-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a skin disease that is heterogeneous both in terms of clinical manifestations and molecular profiles. It is increasingly recognized that AD is a systemic rather than a local disease and should be assessed in the context of whole-body pathophysiology. Here we show, via integrated RNA-sequencing of skin tissue and peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) samples along with clinical data from 115 AD patients and 14 matched healthy controls, that specific clinical presentations associate with matching differential molecular signatures. We establish a regression model based on transcriptome modules identified in weighted gene co-expression network analysis to extract molecular features associated with detailed clinical phenotypes of AD. The two main, qualitatively differential skin manifestations of AD, erythema and papulation are distinguished by differential immunological signatures. We further apply the regression model to a longitudinal dataset of 30 AD patients for personalized monitoring, highlighting patient heterogeneity in disease trajectories. The longitudinal features of blood tests and PBMC transcriptome modules identify three patient clusters which are aligned with clinical severity and reflect treatment history. Our approach thus serves as a framework for effective clinical investigation to gain a holistic view on the pathophysiology of complex human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aiko Sekita
- RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
- Department of Dermatology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kawasaki
- RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
- Department of Dermatology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Kiyoshi Yashiro
- Department of Dermatology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Keiji Tanese
- Department of Dermatology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Susumu Toshima
- RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
- Department of Dermatology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Koichi Ashizaki
- RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
- Department of Dermatology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- Advanced Data Science Project, RIKEN Information R&D and Strategy Headquarters, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Miyai
- RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
- Department of Dermatology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Junshi Yazaki
- RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Atsuo Kobayashi
- RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Shinichi Namba
- Department of Statistical Genetics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
- Department of Genome Informatics, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tatsuhiko Naito
- Department of Statistical Genetics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Qingbo S Wang
- RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
- Department of Statistical Genetics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
- Department of Genome Informatics, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Eiryo Kawakami
- Advanced Data Science Project, RIKEN Information R&D and Strategy Headquarters, Tokyo, Japan
- Artificial Intelligence Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Jun Seita
- RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
- Advanced Data Science Project, RIKEN Information R&D and Strategy Headquarters, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Kazuhiro Sakurada
- Advanced Data Science Project, RIKEN Information R&D and Strategy Headquarters, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Extended Intelligence for Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yukinori Okada
- RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan.
- Department of Statistical Genetics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan.
- Department of Genome Informatics, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Masayuki Amagai
- RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan.
- Department of Dermatology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Haruhiko Koseki
- RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan.
- Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Advanced Research Departments, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan.
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11
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Lauterbach AL, Wallace RP, Alpar AT, Refvik KC, Reda JW, Ishihara A, Beckman TN, Slezak AJ, Mizukami Y, Mansurov A, Gomes S, Ishihara J, Hubbell JA. Topically-applied collagen-binding serum albumin-fused interleukin-4 modulates wound microenvironment in non-healing wounds. NPJ Regen Med 2023; 8:49. [PMID: 37696884 PMCID: PMC10495343 DOI: 10.1038/s41536-023-00326-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-healing wounds have a negative impact on quality of life and account for many cases of amputation and even early death among patients. Diabetic patients are the predominate population affected by these non-healing wounds. Despite the significant clinical demand, treatment with biologics has not broadly impacted clinical care. Interleukin-4 (IL-4) is a potent modulator of the immune system, capable of skewing macrophages towards a pro-regeneration phenotype (M2) and promoting angiogenesis, but can be toxic after frequent administration and is limited by its short half-life and low bioavailability. Here, we demonstrate the design and characterization of an engineered recombinant interleukin-4 construct. We utilize this collagen-binding, serum albumin-fused IL-4 variant (CBD-SA-IL-4) delivered in a hyaluronic acid (HA)-based gel for localized application of IL-4 to dermal wounds in a type 2 diabetic mouse model known for poor healing as proof-of-concept for improved tissue repair. Our studies indicate that CBD-SA-IL-4 is retained within the wound and can modulate the wound microenvironment through induction of M2 macrophages and angiogenesis. CBD-SA-IL-4 treatment significantly accelerated wound healing compared to native IL-4 and HA vehicle treatment without inducing systemic side effects. This CBD-SA-IL-4 construct can address the underlying immune dysfunction present in the non-healing wound, leading to more effective tissue healing in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abigail L Lauterbach
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Rachel P Wallace
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Aaron T Alpar
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Kirsten C Refvik
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Joseph W Reda
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Ako Ishihara
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London, W12 0BZ, UK
| | - Taryn N Beckman
- Committee on Molecular Metabolism and Nutrition, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Anna J Slezak
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Yukari Mizukami
- Department of Dermatology and Plastic Surgery, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Honjo, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Aslan Mansurov
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Suzana Gomes
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Jun Ishihara
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA.
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London, W12 0BZ, UK.
| | - Jeffrey A Hubbell
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA.
- Committee on Cancer Biology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA.
- Committee on Immunology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA.
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12
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Righi M, Gannon I, Robson M, Srivastava S, Kokalaki E, Grothier T, Nannini F, Allen C, Bai YV, Sillibourne J, Cordoba S, Thomas S, Pule M. Enhancing CAR T-cell Therapy Using Fab-Based Constitutively Heterodimeric Cytokine Receptors. Cancer Immunol Res 2023; 11:1203-1221. [PMID: 37352396 PMCID: PMC10472109 DOI: 10.1158/2326-6066.cir-22-0640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Revised: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/25/2023]
Abstract
Adoptive T-cell therapy aims to achieve lasting tumor clearance, requiring enhanced engraftment and survival of the immune cells. Cytokines are paramount modulators of T-cell survival and proliferation. Cytokine receptors signal via ligand-induced dimerization, and this principle has been hijacked utilizing nonnative dimerization domains. A major limitation of current technologies resides in the absence of a module that recapitulates the natural cytokine receptor heterodimeric pairing. To circumvent this, we created a new engineered cytokine receptor able to constitutively recreate receptor-heterodimer utilizing the heterodimerization domain derived from the IgG1 antibody (dFab_CCR). We found that the signal delivered by the dFab_CCR-IL2 proficiently mimicked the cytokine receptor heterodimerization, with transcriptomic signatures like those obtained by activation of the native IL2 receptor. Moreover, we found that this dimerization structure was agnostic, efficiently activating signaling through four cytokine receptor families. Using a combination of in vivo and in vitro screening approaches, we characterized a library of 18 dFab_CCRs coexpressed with a clinically relevant solid tumor-specific GD2-specific chimeric antigen receptor (CAR). Based on this characterization, we suggest that the coexpression of either the common β-chain GMCSF or the IL18 dFab_CCRs is optimal to improve CAR T-cell expansion, engraftment, and efficacy. Our results demonstrate how Fab dimerization is efficient and versatile in recapitulating a cytokine receptor heterodimerization signal. This module could be applied for the enhancement of adoptive T-cell therapies, as well as therapies based on other immune cell types. Furthermore, these results provide a choice of cytokine signal to incorporate with adoptive T-cell therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Francesco Nannini
- Department of Haematology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Martin Pule
- Autolus Therapeutics, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Haematology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
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13
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Deol S, Donahue PS, Mitrut RE, Hammitt-Kess IJ, Ahn J, Zhang B, Leonard JN. Comparative Evaluation of Synthetic Cytokines for Enhancing Production and Performance of NK92 Cell-Based Therapies. GEN BIOTECHNOLOGY 2023; 2:228-246. [PMID: 37363412 PMCID: PMC10286265 DOI: 10.1089/genbio.2023.0024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Off-the shelf immune cell therapies are potentially curative and may offer cost and manufacturing advantages over autologous products, but further development is needed. The NK92 cell line has a natural killer-like phenotype, has efficacy in cancer clinical trials, and is safe after irradiation. However, NK92 cells lose activity post-injection, limiting efficacy. This may be addressed by engineering NK92 cells to express stimulatory factors, and comparative analysis is needed. Thus, we systematically explored the expression of synthetic cytokines for enhancing NK92 cell production and performance. All synthetic cytokines evaluated (membrane-bound IL2 and IL15, and engineered versions of Neoleukin-2/15, IL15, IL12, and decoy resistant IL18) enhanced NK92 cell cytotoxicity. Engineered cells were preferentially expanded by expressing membrane-bound but not soluble synthetic cytokines, without compromising the radiosensitivity required for safety. Some membrane-bound cytokines conferred cell-contact independent paracrine activity, partly attributable to extracellular vesicles. Finally, we characterized interactions within consortia of differently engineered NK92 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simrita Deol
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, USA
- Interdisciplinary Biological Sciences Program, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, USA
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- Center for Synthetic Biology, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, USA
| | - Patrick S. Donahue
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, USA
- Center for Synthetic Biology, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, USA
- Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Roxana E. Mitrut
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, USA
- Center for Synthetic Biology, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, USA
| | - Iva J. Hammitt-Kess
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, USA
| | - Jihae Ahn
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Bin Zhang
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Joshua N. Leonard
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, USA
- Interdisciplinary Biological Sciences Program, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, USA
- Center for Synthetic Biology, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, USA
- Chemistry of Life Processes Institute, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, USA
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, USA
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14
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Lai YT, Sasamura T, Kuroda J, Maeda R, Nakamura M, Hatori R, Ishibashi T, Taniguchi K, Ooike M, Taguchi T, Nakazawa N, Hozumi S, Okumura T, Aigaki T, Inaki M, Matsuno K. The Drosophila AWP1 ortholog Doctor No regulates JAK/STAT signaling for left-right asymmetry in the gut by promoting receptor endocytosis. Development 2023; 150:293490. [PMID: 36861793 PMCID: PMC10112927 DOI: 10.1242/dev.201224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2023]
Abstract
Many organs of Drosophila show stereotypical left-right (LR) asymmetry; however, the underlying mechanisms remain elusive. Here, we have identified an evolutionarily conserved ubiquitin-binding protein, AWP1/Doctor No (Drn), as a factor required for LR asymmetry in the embryonic anterior gut. We found that drn is essential in the circular visceral muscle cells of the midgut for JAK/STAT signaling, which contributes to the first known cue for anterior gut lateralization via LR asymmetric nuclear rearrangement. Embryos homozygous for drn and lacking its maternal contribution showed phenotypes similar to those with depleted JAK/STAT signaling, suggesting that Drn is a general component of JAK/STAT signaling. Absence of Drn resulted in specific accumulation of Domeless (Dome), the receptor for ligands in the JAK/STAT signaling pathway, in intracellular compartments, including ubiquitylated cargos. Dome colocalized with Drn in wild-type Drosophila. These results suggest that Drn is required for the endocytic trafficking of Dome, which is a crucial step for activation of JAK/STAT signaling and the subsequent degradation of Dome. The roles of AWP1/Drn in activating JAK/STAT signaling and in LR asymmetric development may be conserved in various organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Ting Lai
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
| | - Takeshi Sasamura
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
| | - Junpei Kuroda
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
| | - Reo Maeda
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan
| | - Mitsutoshi Nakamura
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
| | - Ryo Hatori
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
| | - Tomoki Ishibashi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
| | - Kiichiro Taniguchi
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan
| | - Masashi Ooike
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Taguchi
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan
| | - Naotaka Nakazawa
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan
| | - Shunya Hozumi
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan
| | - Takashi Okumura
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan
| | - Toshiro Aigaki
- Department of Biological Science, Tokyo Metropolitan University, 1-1 Minami-osawa, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0397, Japan
| | - Mikiko Inaki
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
| | - Kenji Matsuno
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
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15
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Mani I, Singh V. An overview of receptor endocytosis and signaling. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2023; 194:1-18. [PMID: 36631188 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2022.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Endocytosis is a cellular process which mediates receptor internalization, nutrient uptake, and the regulation of cell signaling. Microorganisms (many bacteria and viruses) and toxins also use the same process and enter the cells. Generally, endocytosis is considered in the three forms such as phagocytosis (cell eating), pinocytosis (cell drinking), and highly selective receptor-mediated endocytosis (clathrin-dependent and independent). Several endocytic routes exist in an analogous, achieving diverse functions. Most studies on endocytosis have used transformed cells in culture. To visualize the receptor internalization, trafficking, and signaling in subcellular organelles, a green fluorescent protein-tagged receptor has been utilized. It also helps to visualize the endocytosis effects in live-cell imaging. Confocal laser microscopy increases our understanding of receptor endocytosis and signaling. Site-directed mutagenesis studies demonstrated that many short-sequence motifs of the cytoplasmic domain of receptors significantly play a vital role in receptor internalization, subcellular trafficking, and signaling. However, other factors also regulate receptor internalization through clathrin-coated vesicles. Receptor endocytosis can occur through clathrin-dependent and clathrin-independent pathways. This chapter briefly discusses the internalization, trafficking, and signaling of various receptors in normal conditions. In addition, it also highlights the malfunction of the receptor in disease conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Indra Mani
- Department of Microbiology, Gargi College, University of Delhi, New Delhi, India.
| | - Vijai Singh
- Department of Biosciences, School of Science, Indrashil University, Rajpur, Mehsana, Gujarat, India
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16
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Jasim SA, Mahdi RS, Bokov DO, Najm MAA, Sobirova GN, Bafoyeva ZO, Taifi A, Alkadir OKA, Mustafa YF, Mirzaei R, Karampoor S. The deciphering of the immune cells and marker signature in COVID-19 pathogenesis: An update. J Med Virol 2022; 94:5128-5148. [PMID: 35835586 PMCID: PMC9350195 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.28000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2022] [Revised: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The precise interaction between the immune system and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is critical in deciphering the pathogenesis of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and is also vital for developing novel therapeutic tools, including monoclonal antibodies, antivirals drugs, and vaccines. Viral infections need innate and adaptive immune reactions since the various immune components, such as neutrophils, macrophages, CD4+ T, CD8+ T, and B lymphocytes, play different roles in various infections. Consequently, the characterization of innate and adaptive immune reactions toward SARS-CoV-2 is crucial for defining the pathogenicity of COVID-19. In this study, we explain what is currently understood concerning the conventional immune reactions to SARS-CoV-2 infection to shed light on the protective and pathogenic role of immune response in this case. Also, in particular, we investigate the in-depth roles of other immune mediators, including neutrophil elastase, serum amyloid A, and syndecan, in the immunopathogenesis of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Roaa Salih Mahdi
- Department of Pathology, College of MedicineUniversity of BabylonHillaIraq
| | - Dmitry Olegovich Bokov
- Institute of PharmacySechenov First Moscow State Medical UniversityMoscowRussian Federation,Laboratory of Food ChemistryFederal Research Center of Nutrition, Biotechnology and Food SafetyMoscowRussian Federation
| | - Mazin A. A. Najm
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, College of PharmacyAl‐Ayen UniversityThi‐QarIraq
| | - Guzal N. Sobirova
- Department of Rehabilitation, Folk Medicine and Physical EducationTashkent Medical AcademyTashkentUzbekistan
| | - Zarnigor O. Bafoyeva
- Department of Rehabilitation, Folk Medicine and Physical EducationTashkent Medical AcademyTashkentUzbekistan
| | | | | | - Yasser Fakri Mustafa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of PharmacyUniversity of MosulMosulIraq
| | - Rasoul Mirzaei
- Venom and Biotherapeutics Molecules Lab, Medical Biotechnology Department, Biotechnology Research CenterPasteur Institute of IranTehranIran
| | - Sajad Karampoor
- Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases Research CenterIran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
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17
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Maier BD, Aguilera LU, Sahle S, Mutz P, Kalra P, Dächert C, Bartenschlager R, Binder M, Kummer U. Stochastic dynamics of Type-I interferon responses. PLoS Comput Biol 2022; 18:e1010623. [PMID: 36269758 PMCID: PMC9629604 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1010623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Interferon (IFN) activates the transcription of several hundred of IFN stimulated genes (ISGs) that constitute a highly effective antiviral defense program. Cell-to-cell variability in the induction of ISGs is well documented, but its source and effects are not completely understood. The molecular mechanisms behind this heterogeneity have been related to randomness in molecular events taking place during the JAK-STAT signaling pathway. Here, we study the sources of variability in the induction of the IFN-alpha response by using MxA and IFIT1 activation as read-out. To this end, we integrate time-resolved flow cytometry data and stochastic modeling of the JAK-STAT signaling pathway. The complexity of the IFN response was matched by fitting probability distributions to time-course flow cytometry snapshots. Both, experimental data and simulations confirmed that the MxA and IFIT1 induction circuits generate graded responses rather than all-or-none responses. Subsequently, we quantify the size of the intrinsic variability at different steps in the pathway. We found that stochastic effects are transiently strong during the ligand-receptor activation steps and the formation of the ISGF3 complex, but negligible for the final induction of the studied ISGs. We conclude that the JAK-STAT signaling pathway is a robust biological circuit that efficiently transmits information under stochastic environments. We investigate the impact of intrinsic and extrinsic noise on the reliability of interferon signaling. Information must be transduced robustly despite existing biochemical variability and at the same time the system has to allow for cellular variability to tune it against changing environments. Getting insights into stochasticity in signaling networks is crucial to understand cellular dynamics and decision-making processes. To this end, we developed a detailed stochastic computational model based on single cell data. We are able to show that reliability is achieved despite high noise at the receptor level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin D. Maier
- Department of Modeling of Biological Processes, COS Heidelberg / Bioquant, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Luis U. Aguilera
- Department of Modeling of Biological Processes, COS Heidelberg / Bioquant, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sven Sahle
- Department of Modeling of Biological Processes, COS Heidelberg / Bioquant, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Pascal Mutz
- Division Virus-Associated Carcinogenesis, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Department for Infectious Diseases, Molecular Virology, Medical Faculty, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Priyata Kalra
- Department of Modeling of Biological Processes, COS Heidelberg / Bioquant, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Christopher Dächert
- Research Group “Dynamics of early viral infection and the innate antiviral response”, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Department for Infectious Diseases, Molecular Virology, Medical Faculty, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ralf Bartenschlager
- Division Virus-Associated Carcinogenesis, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Department for Infectious Diseases, Molecular Virology, Medical Faculty, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Marco Binder
- Research Group “Dynamics of early viral infection and the innate antiviral response”, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ursula Kummer
- Department of Modeling of Biological Processes, COS Heidelberg / Bioquant, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
- * E-mail:
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18
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Webster HC, Gamino V, Andrusaite AT, Ridgewell OJ, McCowan J, Shergold AL, Heieis GA, Milling SWF, Maizels RM, Perona-Wright G. Tissue-based IL-10 signalling in helminth infection limits IFNγ expression and promotes the intestinal Th2 response. Mucosal Immunol 2022; 15:1257-1269. [PMID: 35428872 PMCID: PMC9705258 DOI: 10.1038/s41385-022-00513-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Revised: 03/05/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Type 2 immunity is activated in response to both allergens and helminth infection. It can be detrimental or beneficial, and there is a pressing need to better understand its regulation. The immunosuppressive cytokine IL-10 is known as a T helper 2 (Th2) effector molecule, but it is currently unclear whether IL-10 dampens or promotes Th2 differentiation during infection. Here we show that helminth infection in mice elicits IL-10 expression in both the intestinal lamina propria and the draining mesenteric lymph node, with higher expression in the infected tissue. In vitro, exogenous IL-10 enhanced Th2 differentiation in isolated CD4+ T cells, increasing expression of GATA3 and production of IL-5 and IL-13. The ability of IL-10 to amplify the Th2 response coincided with its suppression of IFNγ expression and in vivo we found that, in intestinal helminth infection, IL-10 receptor expression was higher on Th1 cells in the small intestine than on Th2 cells in the same tissue, or on any Th cell in the draining lymph node. In vivo blockade of IL-10 signalling during helminth infection resulted in an expansion of IFNγ+ and Tbet+ Th1 cells in the small intestine and a coincident decrease in IL-13, IL-5 and GATA3 expression by intestinal T cells. These changes in Th2 cytokines correlated with reduced expression of type 2 effector molecules, such as RELMα, and increased parasite egg production. Together our data indicate that IL-10 signalling promotes Th2 differentiation during helminth infection at least in part by regulating competing Th1 cells in the infected tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Holly C Webster
- Centre for Immunobiology, Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Parasitology, Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Virginia Gamino
- Department of Animal Medicine, Surgery and Pathology, Veterinary School, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Anna T Andrusaite
- Centre for Immunobiology, Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Olivia J Ridgewell
- Centre for Immunobiology, Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Parasitology, Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Jack McCowan
- Centre for Immunobiology, Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Parasitology, Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Amy L Shergold
- Centre for Immunobiology, Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Parasitology, Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, UK
| | - Graham A Heieis
- Centre for Immunobiology, Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Parasitology, Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
- Department of Parasitology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Simon W F Milling
- Centre for Immunobiology, Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Rick M Maizels
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Parasitology, Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Georgia Perona-Wright
- Centre for Immunobiology, Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK.
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Parasitology, Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK.
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19
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Capdeville C, Russo L, Penton D, Migliavacca J, Zecevic M, Gries A, Neuhauss SC, Grotzer MA, Baumgartner M. Spatial proteomics finds CD155 and Endophilin-A1 as mediators of growth and invasion in medulloblastoma. Life Sci Alliance 2022; 5:5/6/e202201380. [PMID: 35296518 PMCID: PMC8926928 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.202201380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Revised: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The composition of the plasma membrane (PM)-associated proteome of tumor cells determines cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions and the response to environmental cues. Whether the PM-associated proteome impacts the phenotype of Medulloblastoma (MB) tumor cells and how it adapts in response to growth factor cues is poorly understood. Using a spatial proteomics approach, we observed that hepatocyte growth factor (HGF)-induced activation of the receptor tyrosine kinase c-MET in MB cells changes the abundance of transmembrane and membrane-associated proteins. The depletion of MAP4K4, a pro-migratory effector kinase downstream of c-MET, leads to a specific decrease of the adhesion and immunomodulatory receptor CD155 and of components of the fast-endophilin-mediated endocytosis (FEME) machinery in the PM-associated proteome of HGF-activated MB cells. The decreased surface expression of CD155 or of the fast-endophilin-mediated endocytosis effector endophilin-A1 reduces growth and invasiveness of MB tumor cells in the tissue context. These data thus describe a novel function of MAP4K4 in the control of the PM-associated proteome of tumor cells and identified two downstream effector mechanisms controlling proliferation and invasiveness of MB cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles Capdeville
- Pediatric Molecular Neuro-Oncology Lab, Children's Research Center, University Children's Hospital Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Linda Russo
- Pediatric Molecular Neuro-Oncology Lab, Children's Research Center, University Children's Hospital Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - David Penton
- Department of Molecular Life Sciences, University of Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Jessica Migliavacca
- Pediatric Molecular Neuro-Oncology Lab, Children's Research Center, University Children's Hospital Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Milica Zecevic
- Pediatric Molecular Neuro-Oncology Lab, Children's Research Center, University Children's Hospital Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Alexandre Gries
- Pediatric Molecular Neuro-Oncology Lab, Children's Research Center, University Children's Hospital Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Stephan Cf Neuhauss
- Department of Molecular Life Sciences, University of Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Michael A Grotzer
- Department of Oncology, University Children's Hospital Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Martin Baumgartner
- Pediatric Molecular Neuro-Oncology Lab, Children's Research Center, University Children's Hospital Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
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20
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Holder PG, Lim SA, Huang CS, Sharma P, Dagdas YS, Bulutoglu B, Sockolosky JT. Engineering interferons and interleukins for cancer immunotherapy. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2022; 182:114112. [PMID: 35085624 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2022.114112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Revised: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Cytokines are a class of potent immunoregulatory proteins that are secreted in response to various stimuli and act locally to regulate many aspects of human physiology and disease. Cytokines play important roles in cancer initiation, progression, and elimination, and thus, there is a long clinical history associated with the use of recombinant cytokines to treat cancer. However, the use of cytokines as therapeutics has been limited by cytokine pleiotropy, complex biology, poor drug-like properties, and severe dose-limiting toxicities. Nevertheless, cytokines are crucial mediators of innate and adaptive antitumor immunity and have the potential to enhance immunotherapeutic approaches to treat cancer. Development of immune checkpoint inhibitors and combination immunotherapies has reinvigorated interest in cytokines as therapeutics, and a variety of engineering approaches are emerging to improve the safety and effectiveness of cytokine immunotherapy. In this review we highlight recent advances in cytokine biology and engineering for cancer immunotherapy.
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21
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Lee JH, Han JH, Woo JH, Jou I. 25-Hydroxycholesterol suppress IFN-γ-induced inflammation in microglia by disrupting lipid raft formation and caveolin-mediated signaling endosomes. Free Radic Biol Med 2022; 179:252-265. [PMID: 34808332 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2021.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Revised: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Acute microglial activation plays an important role in neuroprotection. However, dysregulated, prolonged microgliosis exacerbates neurodegeneration through excessive release of pro-inflammatory cytokines and cytotoxic factors. Interferon-gamma (IFN-γ), an inflammatory cytokine, exacerbates the detrimental microglial response. Although various anti-inflammatory drugs have been evaluated as interventions for microglia-mediated neuroinflammation, no anti-inflammatories are in clinical use for microgliosis. The present study evaluated the anti-inflammatory mechanisms of oxysterols, blood brain barrier (BBB) penetrable bioactive lipids, revealing that this intervention suppresses neuroinflammation by disrupting membrane lipid raft formation and caveolae-mediated endosomal IFN-γ signaling. We find that 25-hydroxycholesterol (25-HC) rapidly repressed IFN-γ receptor trafficking to lipid rafts in microglia by disrupting raft formation, thereby suppressing microglial inflammatory response. IFN-γ treatment upregulated expression of Cav-1, a major component of caveolae, and IFN-γ signaling was sustained through Cav-1+ signaling endosomes. 25-HC repressed IFN-γ induction of Cav-1 expression in microglia, and subsequently suppressed the chronic inflammatory response. Taken together, these findings demonstrated that 25-HC effectively regulate the inflammatory status of microglia by mediating the formation of rafts and caveolae-dependent signaling endosomes. Given the important roles of IFN-γ and microglia in the pathology of neurodegenerative brain diseases, a novel anti-inflammatory mechanism of 25-HC that is not receptor-dependent, but rather is related to the regulation of membrane rafts and caveolae, suggests a new therapeutic target for inflammatory neurodegenerations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jee Hoon Lee
- Department of Pharmacology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, South Korea; Inflamm-aging Translational Research Center, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, South Korea.
| | - Ji-Hye Han
- Department of Pharmacology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, South Korea; Inflamm-aging Translational Research Center, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Joo Hong Woo
- Department of Pharmacology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, South Korea; Inflamm-aging Translational Research Center, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Ilo Jou
- Department of Pharmacology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, South Korea; Inflamm-aging Translational Research Center, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, South Korea.
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22
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Gardinier JD, Chougule A, Zhang C. The mechanotransduction of MLO-Y4 cells is disrupted by the senescence-associated secretory phenotype of neighboring cells. J Cell Physiol 2022; 237:2249-2257. [PMID: 35102547 PMCID: PMC9052359 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Age-related bone loss is attributed to the accumulation of senescent cells and their increasing production of inflammatory cytokines as part of the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP). In otherwise healthy individuals, osteocytes play a key role in maintaining bone mass through their primary function of responding to skeletal loading. Given that osteocytes' response to loading is known to steadily decline with age, we hypothesized that the increasing presence of senescent cells and their SASP inhibit osteocytes' response to loading. To test this hypothesis, we developed two in vitro models of senescent osteocytes and osteoblasts derived from MLO-Y4 and MC3T3 cell lines, respectively. The senescent phenotype was unique to each cell type based on distinct changes in cell cycle inhibitors and SASP profile. The SASP profile of senescent osteocytes was in part dependent on nuclear factor-κB signaling and presents a new potential mechanism to target the SASP in bone. Nonsenescent MLO-Y4 cells cultured with the SASP of each senescent cell type failed to exhibit changes in gene expression as well as ERK phosphorylation and prostaglandin E2 release. The SASP of senescent osteocytes had the largest effect and neutralizing interleukin-6 (IL-6) as part of the SASP restored osteocytes' response to loading. The loss in mechanotransduction due to IL-6 was attributed to a decrease in P2X7 expression and overall sensitivity to purinergic signaling. Altogether, these findings demonstrate that the SASP of senescent cells have a negative effect on the mechanotransduction of osteocytes and that IL-6 is a key SASP component that contributes to the loss in mechanotransduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph D Gardinier
- Bone and Joint Center, Henry Ford Health System, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Amit Chougule
- Bone and Joint Center, Henry Ford Health System, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Chunbin Zhang
- Bone and Joint Center, Henry Ford Health System, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan, USA
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23
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Sun L, Liu Y, Liu X, Wang R, Gong J, Saferali A, Gao W, Ma A, Ma H, Turvey SE, Fung S, Yang H. Nano-Enabled Reposition of Proton Pump Inhibitors for TLR Inhibition: Toward A New Targeted Nanotherapy for Acute Lung Injury. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 9:e2104051. [PMID: 34816630 PMCID: PMC8787384 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202104051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Revised: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Toll-like receptor (TLR) activation in macrophages plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of acute lung injury (ALI). While TLR inhibition is a promising strategy to control the overwhelming inflammation in ALI, there still lacks effective TLR inhibitors for clinical uses to date. A unique class of peptide-coated gold nanoparticles (GNPs) is previously discovered, which effectively inhibited TLR signaling and protected mice from lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced ALI. To fast translate such a discovery into potential clinical applicable nanotherapeutics, herein an elegant strategy of "nano-enabled drug repurposing" with "nano-targeting" is introduced to empower the existing drugs for new uses. Combining transcriptome sequencing with Connectivity Map analysis, it is identified that the proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) share similar mechanisms of action to the discovered GNP-based TLR inhibitor. It is confirmed that PPIs (including omeprazole) do inhibit endosomal TLR signaling and inflammatory responses in macrophages and human peripheral blood mononuclear cells, and exhibits anti-inflammatory activity in an LPS-induced ALI mouse model. The omeprazole is then formulated into a nanoform with liposomes to enhance its macrophage targeting ability and the therapeutic efficacy in vivo. This research provides a new translational strategy of nano-enabled drug repurposing to translate bioactive nanoparticles into clinically used drugs and targeted nano-therapeutics for ALI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liya Sun
- School of Biomedical EngineeringThe Province and Ministry Co‐Sponsored Collaborative Innovation Center for Medical EpigeneticsIntensive Care Unit of the Second HospitalTianjin Medical UniversityNo. 22 Qixiangtai Road, Heping DistrictTianjin300070China
| | - Yuan Liu
- School of Biomedical EngineeringThe Province and Ministry Co‐Sponsored Collaborative Innovation Center for Medical EpigeneticsIntensive Care Unit of the Second HospitalTianjin Medical UniversityNo. 22 Qixiangtai Road, Heping DistrictTianjin300070China
| | - Xiali Liu
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care MedicineShanghai General HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineNo. 650 Xinsongjiang RoadShanghai201620China
| | - Rui Wang
- School of Biomedical EngineeringThe Province and Ministry Co‐Sponsored Collaborative Innovation Center for Medical EpigeneticsIntensive Care Unit of the Second HospitalTianjin Medical UniversityNo. 22 Qixiangtai Road, Heping DistrictTianjin300070China
| | - Jiameng Gong
- School of Biomedical EngineeringThe Province and Ministry Co‐Sponsored Collaborative Innovation Center for Medical EpigeneticsIntensive Care Unit of the Second HospitalTianjin Medical UniversityNo. 22 Qixiangtai Road, Heping DistrictTianjin300070China
| | - Aabida Saferali
- Channing Division of Network MedicineBrigham and Women's HospitalHarvard Medical School181 Longwood AvenueBostonMA02115USA
| | - Wei Gao
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care MedicineShanghai General HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineNo. 650 Xinsongjiang RoadShanghai201620China
| | - Aying Ma
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care MedicineShanghai General HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineNo. 650 Xinsongjiang RoadShanghai201620China
| | - Huiqiang Ma
- School of Biomedical EngineeringThe Province and Ministry Co‐Sponsored Collaborative Innovation Center for Medical EpigeneticsIntensive Care Unit of the Second HospitalTianjin Medical UniversityNo. 22 Qixiangtai Road, Heping DistrictTianjin300070China
| | - Stuart E. Turvey
- BC Children's Research InstituteUniversity of British Columbia950 West 28th AvenueVancouverBC V5Z 4H4Canada
| | - Shan‐Yu Fung
- Department of ImmunologyKey Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education)The Province and Ministry Co‐Sponsored Collaborative Innovation Center for Medical EpigeneticsSchool of Basic Medical ScienceTianjin Medical UniversityNo. 22 Qixiangtai Road, Heping DistrictTianjin300070China
| | - Hong Yang
- School of Biomedical EngineeringThe Province and Ministry Co‐Sponsored Collaborative Innovation Center for Medical EpigeneticsIntensive Care Unit of the Second HospitalTianjin Medical UniversityNo. 22 Qixiangtai Road, Heping DistrictTianjin300070China
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24
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van der Velden LM, Maas P, van Amersfoort M, Timmermans-Sprang EPM, Mensinga A, van der Vaart E, Malergue F, Viëtor H, Derksen PWB, Klumperman J, van Agthoven A, Egan DA, Mol JA, Strous GJ. Small molecules to regulate the GH/IGF1 axis by inhibiting the growth hormone receptor synthesis. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:926210. [PMID: 35966052 PMCID: PMC9365994 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.926210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Growth hormone (GH) and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF1) play an important role in mammalian development, cell proliferation and lifespan. Especially in cases of tumor growth there is an urgent need to control the GH/IGF1 axis. In this study we screened a 38,480-compound library, and in two consecutive rounds of analogues selection, we identified active lead compounds based on the following criteria: inhibition the GH receptor (GHR) activity and its downstream effectors Jak2 and STAT5, and inhibition of growth of breast and colon cancer cells. The most active small molecule (BM001) inhibited both the GH/IGF1 axis and cell proliferation with an IC50 of 10-30 nM of human cancer cells. BM001 depleted GHR in human lymphoblasts. In preclinical xenografted experiments, BM001 showed a strong decrease in tumor volume in mice transplanted with MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells. Mechanistically, the drug acts on the synthesis of the GHR. Our findings open the possibility to inhibit the GH/IGF1 axis with a small molecule.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lieke M. van der Velden
- Department of Cell Biology, Centre for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center (UMC) Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Peter Maas
- Specs Compound Handling, Zoetermeer, Netherlands
- *Correspondence: Ger J. Strous, ; Jan A. Mol, ; Peter Maas,
| | | | | | - Anneloes Mensinga
- Department of Cell Biology, Centre for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center (UMC) Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Elisabeth van der Vaart
- Department of Cell Biology, Centre for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center (UMC) Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Fabrice Malergue
- Department of Research and Development, Beckman Coulter Life Science, Immunotech Marseille, Marseille, France
| | - Henk Viëtor
- Drug Discovery Factory (DDF) Ventures, Breukelen, Netherlands
| | - Patrick W B. Derksen
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center (UMC) Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Judith Klumperman
- Department of Cell Biology, Centre for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center (UMC) Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Andreas van Agthoven
- Department of Research and Development, Beckman Coulter Life Science, Immunotech Marseille, Marseille, France
| | - David A. Egan
- Cell Screening Core, Department of Cell Biology, Center for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Jan A. Mol
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
- *Correspondence: Ger J. Strous, ; Jan A. Mol, ; Peter Maas,
| | - Ger J. Strous
- Department of Cell Biology, Centre for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center (UMC) Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
- *Correspondence: Ger J. Strous, ; Jan A. Mol, ; Peter Maas,
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25
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Gopalakrishnan S, Uma SK, Mohan G, Mohan A, Shanmugam G, Kumar VTV, J S, Chandrika SK, Vasudevan D, Nori SRC, Sathi SN, George S, Maliekal TT. SSTP1, a Host Defense Peptide, Exploits the Immunomodulatory IL6 Pathway to Induce Apoptosis in Cancer Cells. Front Immunol 2021; 12:740620. [PMID: 34867962 PMCID: PMC8639500 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.740620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
While the immunomodulatory pathways initiated in immune cells contribute to therapeutic response, their activation in cancer cells play a role in cancer progression. Also, many of the aberrantly expressed immunomodulators on cancer cells are considered as therapeutic targets. Here, we introduce host defense peptide (HDP), a known immuomodulator, as a therapeutic agent to target them. The cationic host defense peptides (HDPs), an integral part of the innate immune system, possess membranolytic activity, which imparts antimicrobial and antitumor efficacy to it. They act as immunomodulators by activating the immune cells. Though their antimicrobial function has been recently reassigned to immunoregulation, their antitumor activity is still attributed to its membranolytic activity. This membrane pore formation ability, which is proportional to the concentration of the peptide, also leads to side effects like hemolysis, limiting their therapeutic application. So, despite the identification of a variety of anticancer HDPs, their clinical utility is limited. Though HDPs are shown to exert the immunomodulatory activity through specific membrane targets on immune cells, their targets on cancer cells are unknown. We show that SSTP1, a novel HDP identified by shotgun cloning, binds to the active IL6/IL6Rα/gp130 complex on cancer cells, rearranging the active site residues. In contrast to the IL6 blockers inhibiting JAK/STAT activity, SSTP1 shifts the proliferative IL6/JAK/STAT signaling to the apoptotic IL6/JNK/AP1 pathway. In IL6Rα-overexpressing cancer cells, SSTP1 induces apoptosis at low concentration through JNK pathway, without causing significant membrane disruption. We highlight the importance of immunomodulatory pathways in cancer apoptosis, apart from its established role in immune cell regulation and cancer cell proliferation. Our study suggests that identification of the membrane targets for the promising anticancer HDPs might lead to the identification of new drugs for targeted therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shyla Gopalakrishnan
- Cancer Research, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram, India
- Interdisciplinary Biology, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram, India
| | - Soumya Krishnan Uma
- Cancer Research, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram, India
| | - Gayathri Mohan
- Cancer Research, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram, India
- Regional Centre for Biotechnology, Faridabad, India
| | - Amrutha Mohan
- Cancer Research, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram, India
- Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | - Geetha Shanmugam
- Cancer Research, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram, India
| | - Vineeth T. V. Kumar
- Interdisciplinary Biology, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram, India
| | - Sreekumar J
- Statistics, Section of Extension and Social Science, The Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR) Central Tuber Crops Research Institute, Thiruvananthapuram, India
| | - Sivakumar K. Chandrika
- Genomics Core Facility, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram, India
| | | | - Sai Ravi Chandra Nori
- Interdisciplinary Biology, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram, India
| | - Shijulal Nelson Sathi
- Interdisciplinary Biology, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram, India
| | - Sanil George
- Interdisciplinary Biology, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram, India
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26
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Artykov AA, Yagolovich AV, Dolgikh DA, Kirpichnikov MP, Trushina DB, Gasparian ME. Death Receptors DR4 and DR5 Undergo Spontaneous and Ligand-Mediated Endocytosis and Recycling Regardless of the Sensitivity of Cancer Cells to TRAIL. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:733688. [PMID: 34660590 PMCID: PMC8514705 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.733688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor necrosis factor-associated ligand inducing apoptosis (TRAIL) induces apoptosis through the death receptors (DRs) 4 and 5 expressed on the cell surface. Upon ligand stimulation, death receptors are rapidly internalized through clathrin-dependent and -independent mechanisms. However, there have been conflicting data on the role of death receptor endocytosis in apoptotic TRAIL signaling and possible cell type-specific differences in TRAIL signaling have been proposed. Here we have compared the kinetics of TRAIL-mediated internalization and subsequent recycling of DR4 and DR5 in resistant (HT-29 and A549) and sensitive (HCT116 and Jurkat) tumor cell lines of various origin. TRAIL stimulated the internalization of both receptors in a concentration-dependent manner with similar kinetics in sensitive and resistant cell lines without affecting the steady-state expression of DR4 and DR5 in cell lysates. Using the receptor-selective TRAIL variant DR5-B, we have shown that DR5 is internalized independently of DR4 receptor. After internalization and elimination of TRAIL from culture medium, the receptors slowly return to the plasma membrane. Within 4 h in resistant or 6 h in sensitive cells, the surface expression of receptors was completely restored. Recovery of receptors occurred both from newly synthesized molecules or from trans-Golgi network, as cycloheximide and brefeldin A inhibited this process. These agents also suppressed the expression of cell surface receptors in a time- and concentration-dependent manner, indicating that DRs undergo constitutive endocytosis. Inhibition of receptor endocytosis by sucrose led to sensitization of resistant cells to TRAIL and to an increase in its cytotoxic activity against sensitive cells. Our results confirm the universal nature of TRAIL-induced death receptor endocytosis, thus cell sensitivity to TRAIL can be associated with post-endocytic events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Artem A Artykov
- Department of Bioengineering, Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry (RAS), Moscow, Russia
| | - Anne V Yagolovich
- Department of Bioengineering, Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry (RAS), Moscow, Russia.,Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Dmitry A Dolgikh
- Department of Bioengineering, Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry (RAS), Moscow, Russia.,Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Mikhail P Kirpichnikov
- Department of Bioengineering, Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry (RAS), Moscow, Russia.,Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Daria B Trushina
- Department of X-Ray and Synchrotron Research, A.V. Shubnikov Institute of Crystallography of Federal Scientific Research Centre "Crystallography and Photonics" of Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Marine E Gasparian
- Department of Bioengineering, Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry (RAS), Moscow, Russia
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27
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Zhang Y, Zhu J, Xu H, Yi Q, Yan L, Ye L, Zhang X, Xie M, Tan B. Time-Dependent Internalization of S100B by Mesenchymal Stem Cells via the Pathways of Clathrin- and Lipid Raft-Mediated Endocytosis. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:674995. [PMID: 34381770 PMCID: PMC8351554 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.674995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are promising tools for cancer therapy, but there is a risk of malignant transformation in their clinical application. Our previous work revealed that the paracrine protein S100B in the glioma microenvironment induces malignant transformation of MSCs and upregulates intracellular S100B, which could affect cell homeostasis by interfering with p53. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether extracellular S100B can be internalized by MSCs and the specific endocytic pathway involved in S100B internalization. By using real-time confocal microscopy and structured illumination microscopy (SIM), we visualized the uptake of fluorescently labeled S100B protein (S100B-Alexa488) and monitored the intracellular trafficking of internalized vesicles. The results showed that S100B-Alexa488 was efficiently internalized into MSCs in a time-dependent manner and transported through endolysosomal pathways. After that, we used chemical inhibitors and RNA interference approaches to investigate possible mechanisms involved in S100B-Alexa488 uptake. The internalization of S100B-Alexa488 was inhibited by pitstop-2 or dyngo-4a treatment or RNA-mediated silencing of clathrin or dynamin, and the lipid raft-mediated endocytosis inhibitors nystatin and MβCD. In conclusion, our findings show that clathrin and lipid rafts contribute to the internalization of S100B-Alexa488, which provides promising interventions for the safe application of MSCs in glioma therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhang
- Department of Pediatric Research Institute, Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Chongqing, China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing, China
| | - Jing Zhu
- Department of Pediatric Research Institute, Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Chongqing, China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing, China
| | - Hao Xu
- National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Chongqing, China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing, China
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Qin Yi
- Department of Pediatric Research Institute, Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Chongqing, China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing, China
| | - Liang Yan
- Department of Pediatric Research Institute, Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Chongqing, China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing, China
| | - Liang Ye
- Department of Pediatric Research Institute, Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Chongqing, China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing, China
| | - Xinyuan Zhang
- Department of Pediatric Research Institute, Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Chongqing, China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing, China
| | - Min Xie
- Department of Pediatric Research Institute, Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Chongqing, China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing, China
| | - Bin Tan
- Department of Pediatric Research Institute, Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Chongqing, China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing, China
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Chen Y, Sun D, Yang R, Lim J, Sondey C, Presland J, Rakhilina L, Addona G, Kariv I, Chen H. Establishing and Validating Cellular Functional Target Engagement Assay for Selective IRAK4 Inhibitor Discovery. SLAS DISCOVERY 2021; 26:1040-1054. [PMID: 34130529 DOI: 10.1177/24725552211021074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
One of the main reasons for the lack of drug efficacy in late-stage clinical trials is the lack of specific and selective target engagement. To increase the likelihood of success of new therapeutics, one approach is to conduct proximal target engagement testing during the early phases of preclinical drug discovery. To identify and optimize selective IRAK4 inhibitors, a kinase that has been implicated in multiple inflammatory and autoimmune diseases, we established an electrochemiluminescence (ECL)-based cellular endogenous IRAK1 activation assay as the most proximal functional evaluation of IRAK4 engagement to support structure-activity relationship (SAR) studies. Since IRAK1 activation is dependent on both the IRAK4 scaffolding function in Myddosome formation and IRAK4 kinase activity for signal transduction, this assay potentially captures inhibitors with different mechanisms of action. Data from this IRAK1 assay with compounds representing different structural classes showed statistically significant correlations when compared with results from both IRAK4 biochemical kinase activity and functional peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC)-derived tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα) secretion assays, validating the biological relevancy of the IRAK1 target engagement as a biomarker of the IRAK4 activity. Plate uniformity and potency reproducibility evaluations demonstrated that this assay is amenable to high throughput. Using Bland-Altman assay agreement analysis, we demonstrated that incorporating such proximal pharmacological assessment of cellular target engagement to an in vitro screening funnel for SAR studies can prevent compound optimization toward off-target activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiping Chen
- Department of Quantitative Bioscience, Merck & Co., Inc., Boston, MA, USA
| | - Dongyu Sun
- Department of Quantitative Bioscience, Merck & Co., Inc., Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ruojing Yang
- Department of Quantitative Bioscience, Merck & Co., Inc., Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jongwon Lim
- Department of Discovery Chemistry, Merck & Co., Inc., Boston, MA, USA
| | - Christopher Sondey
- Department of Quantitative Bioscience, Merck & Co., Inc., Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jeremy Presland
- Department of Quantitative Bioscience, Merck & Co., Inc., Boston, MA, USA
| | - Larissa Rakhilina
- Department of Quantitative Bioscience, Merck & Co., Inc., Boston, MA, USA
| | - George Addona
- Department of Quantitative Bioscience, Merck & Co., Inc., Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ilona Kariv
- Department of Quantitative Bioscience, Merck & Co., Inc., Boston, MA, USA
| | - Hongmin Chen
- Department of Quantitative Bioscience, Merck & Co., Inc., Boston, MA, USA
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29
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Gonga-Cavé BC, Pena Diaz AM, O'Gorman DB. Biomimetic analyses of interactions between macrophages and palmar fascia myofibroblasts derived from Dupuytren's disease reveal distinct inflammatory cytokine responses. Wound Repair Regen 2021; 29:627-636. [PMID: 34212454 DOI: 10.1111/wrr.12928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Revised: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Dupuytren's disease (DD) is a common and heritable fibrosis of the hand. It is characterized by the shortening and thickening of the palmar fascia into myofibroblastic nodules that can progress to palmar-digital contractures and permanent loss of dexterity. Molecular analyses of DD tissues and the presence of inflammatory cell infiltrates suggest a pathogenesis initiated by a proinflammatory fascial milieu that promotes myofibroblast activation and palmar fascia contractures. However, the relative contributions of vascular and/or tissue derived immune system cells and cytokine-sensitive stromal myofibroblasts to the development of this proinflammatory microenvironment are poorly understood. To gain insights into this process, we have developed and tested a collagen-based 3D tissue biomimetic co-culture system to assess paracrine interactions between THP-1-derived pro-inflammatory macrophages and primary human palmar fascia myofibroblasts (PFMs). We observed significant and reproducible impacts of collagen-adherent macrophage and PFM co-cultures on the cytokine gene expression profiles of these cells compared to their respective monocultures, and significant changes to the resulting cytokine milieu in their shared culture media, notably TNF and IL-6. Our findings are consistent with central roles for PFMs in cytokine production and immunoregulation of the pro-inflammatory milieu hypothesized to promote DD development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brianna C Gonga-Cavé
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ana Maria Pena Diaz
- Roth McFarlane Hand and Upper Limb Centre, Lawson Health Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - David B O'Gorman
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Surgery, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada.,Roth McFarlane Hand and Upper Limb Centre, Lawson Health Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada
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30
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Moriwaki K, Chan FKM, Miyoshi E. Sweet modification and regulation of death receptor signaling pathway. J Biochem 2021; 169:643-652. [PMID: 33752241 DOI: 10.1093/jb/mvab034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Death receptors, members of the tumor necrosis factor receptor (TNFR) superfamily, are characterized by the presence of a death domain in the cytosolic region. TNFR1, Fas, and TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand receptors, which are prototypical death receptors, exert pleiotropic functions in cell death, inflammation, and immune surveillance. Hence, they are involved in several human diseases. The activation of death receptors and downstream intracellular signaling are regulated by various post-translational modifications, such as phosphorylation, ubiquitination, and glycosylation. Glycosylation is one of the most abundant and versatile modifications to proteins and lipids, and it plays a critical role in the development and physiology of organisms, as well as the pathology of many human diseases. Glycans control a number of cellular events, such as receptor activation, signal transduction, endocytosis, cell recognition, and cell adhesion. It has been demonstrated that oligo- and monosaccharides modify death receptors and intracellular signaling proteins, and regulate their functions. Here, we review the current understanding of glycan modifications of death receptor signaling and their impact on signaling activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenta Moriwaki
- Department of Biochemistry, Toho University School of Medicine, 5-21-16 Omori-Nishi, Ota-ku, Tokyo, 143-8540, Japan
| | - Francis K M Chan
- Department of Immunology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, 27710, USA
| | - Eiji Miyoshi
- Department of Molecular Biochemistry and Clinical Investigation, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
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31
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Phosphatidic acid-mediated binding and mammalian cell internalization of the Vibrio cholerae cytotoxin MakA. PLoS Pathog 2021; 17:e1009414. [PMID: 33735319 PMCID: PMC8009392 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1009414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Revised: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Vibrio cholerae is a noninvasive intestinal pathogen extensively studied as the causative agent of the human disease cholera. Our recent work identified MakA as a potent virulence factor of V. cholerae in both Caenorhabditis elegans and zebrafish, prompting us to investigate the potential contribution of MakA to pathogenesis also in mammalian hosts. In this study, we demonstrate that the MakA protein could induce autophagy and cytotoxicity of target cells. In addition, we observed that phosphatidic acid (PA)-mediated MakA-binding to the host cell plasma membranes promoted macropinocytosis resulting in the formation of an endomembrane-rich aggregate and vacuolation in intoxicated cells that lead to induction of autophagy and dysfunction of intracellular organelles. Moreover, we functionally characterized the molecular basis of the MakA interaction with PA and identified that the N-terminal domain of MakA is required for its binding to PA and thereby for cell toxicity. Furthermore, we observed that the ΔmakA mutant outcompeted the wild-type V. cholerae strain A1552 in the adult mouse infection model. Based on the findings revealing mechanistic insights into the dynamic process of MakA-induced autophagy and cytotoxicity we discuss the potential role played by the MakA protein during late stages of cholera infection as an anti-colonization factor. Vibrio cholerae is the cause of cholera, an infectious disease causing watery diarrhea that can lead to fatal dehydration. The bacteria can readily adapt to different environments, such as from its natural aquatic habitats to the human digestive system. Recently, we reported a novel V. cholerae cytotoxin, MakA that functions as a potent virulence factor in C. elegans and zebrafish. Here we identified phosphatidic acid as a lipid target for MakA interaction with mammalian cells. This interaction promoted macropinocytosis resulting in the formation of an endomembrane-rich aggregate in intoxicated cells that ultimately lead to activation of autophagy. Importantly, data from bacterial colonization in a mouse infection model suggested that MakA might act as an anti-colonization factor of V. cholerae, presumably expressed during later stage(s) of infection. MakA might be explored as a new target for diagnostics and therapeutic developments against V. cholerae infections. Our findings will contribute to further understanding of the virulence, colonization and post-infection spread of V. cholerae.
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32
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De Leo MG, Berger P, Mayer A. WIPI1 promotes fission of endosomal transport carriers and formation of autophagosomes through distinct mechanisms. Autophagy 2021; 17:3644-3670. [PMID: 33685363 PMCID: PMC8632285 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2021.1886830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagosome formation requires PROPPIN/WIPI proteins and monophosphorylated phosphoinositides, such as phosphatidylinositol-3-phosphate (PtdIns3P) or PtdIns5P. This process occurs in association with mammalian endosomes, where the PROPPIN WIPI1 has additional, undefined roles in vesicular traffic. To explore whether these functions are interconnected, we dissected routes and subreactions of endosomal trafficking requiring WIPI1. WIPI1 specifically acts in the formation and fission of tubulo-vesicular endosomal transport carriers. This activity supports the PtdIns(3,5)P2-dependent transport of endosomal cargo toward the plasma membrane, Golgi, and lysosomes, suggesting a general role of WIPI1 in endosomal protein exit. Three features differentiate the endosomal and macroautophagic/autophagic activities of WIPI1: phosphoinositide binding site II, the requirement for PtdIns(3,5)P2, and bilayer deformation through a conserved amphipathic α-helix. Their inactivation preserves autophagy but leads to a strong enlargement of endosomes, which accumulate micrometer-long endosomal membrane tubules carrying cargo proteins. WIPI1 thus supports autophagy and protein exit from endosomes by different modes of action. We propose that the type of phosphoinositides occupying its two lipid binding sites, the most unusual feature of PROPPIN/WIPI family proteins, switches between these effector functions. Abbreviations: EGF: epidermal growth factorEGFR: epidermal growth factor receptorKD: knockdownKO: knockoutPtdIns3P: phosphatidylinositol-3-phosphatePtdIns5P: phosphatidylinositol-5-phosphatePtdIns(3,5)P2: phosphatidylinositol-3,5-bisphosphateTF: transferrinTFRC: transferrin receptorWT: wildtype
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Philipp Berger
- Department of Biology and Chemistry, Laboratory of Nanoscale Biology, Paul-Scherrer-Institute, Villigen, Switzerland
| | - Andreas Mayer
- Département De Biochimie, Université De Lausanne, Lausanne, Epalinges, Switzerland
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Flynn CM, Kespohl B, Daunke T, Garbers Y, Düsterhöft S, Rose-John S, Haybaeck J, Lokau J, Aparicio-Siegmund S, Garbers C. Interleukin-6 controls recycling and degradation, but not internalization of its receptors. J Biol Chem 2021; 296:100434. [PMID: 33610555 PMCID: PMC8010714 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.100434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Revised: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Interleukin-6 (IL-6) is a cytokine implicated in proinflammatory as well as regenerative processes and acts via receptor complexes consisting of the ubiquitously expressed, signal-transducing receptor gp130 and the IL-6 receptor (IL-6R). The IL-6R is expressed only on hepatocytes and subsets of leukocytes, where it mediates specificity of the receptor complex to IL-6 as the subunit gp130 is shared with all other members of the IL-6 cytokine family such as IL-11 or IL-27. The amount of IL-6R at the cell surface thus determines the responsiveness of the cell to the cytokine and might therefore be decisive in the development of inflammatory disorders. However, how the expression levels of IL-6R and gp130 at the cell surface are controlled is largely unknown. Here, we show that IL-6R and gp130 are constitutively internalized independent of IL-6. This process depends on dynamin and clathrin and is temporally controlled by motifs within the intracellular region of gp130 and IL-6R. IL-6 binding and internalization of the receptors is a prerequisite for activation of the Jak/STAT signaling cascade. Targeting of gp130, but not of the IL-6R, to the lysosome for degradation depends on stimulation with IL-6. Furthermore, we show that after internalization and activation of signaling, both the IL-6R and gp130 are recycled back to the cell surface, a process that is enhanced by IL-6. These data reveal an important function of IL-6 beyond the pure activation of signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Birte Kespohl
- Department of Pathology, Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, Medical Faculty, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Tina Daunke
- Institute of Biochemistry, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
| | | | - Stefan Düsterhöft
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | | | - Johannes Haybaeck
- Department of Pathology, Neuropathology and Molecular Pathology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria; Diagnostic & Research Center for Molecular Biomedicine, Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Juliane Lokau
- Department of Pathology, Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, Medical Faculty, Magdeburg, Germany
| | | | - Christoph Garbers
- Department of Pathology, Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, Medical Faculty, Magdeburg, Germany.
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Serramito-Gómez I, Boada-Romero E, Villamuera R, Fernández-Cabrera Á, Cedillo JL, Martín-Regalado Á, Carding S, Mayer U, Powell PP, Wileman T, García-Higuera I, Pimentel-Muiños FX. Regulation of cytokine signaling through direct interaction between cytokine receptors and the ATG16L1 WD40 domain. Nat Commun 2020; 11:5919. [PMID: 33219218 PMCID: PMC7679444 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-19670-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2019] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
ATG16L1, an autophagy mediator that specifies the site of LC3 lipidation, includes a C-terminal domain formed by 7 WD40-type repeats (WD40 domain, WDD), the function of which is unclear. Here we show that the WDD interacts with the intracellular domain of cytokine receptors to regulate their signaling output in response to ligand stimulation. Using a refined version of a previously described WDD-binding amino acid motif, here we show that this element is present in the intracellular domain of cytokine receptors. Two of these receptors, IL-10RB and IL-2Rγ, recognize the WDD through the motif and exhibit WDD-dependent LC3 lipidation activity. IL-10 promotes IL-10RB/ATG16L1 interaction through the WDD, and IL-10 signaling is suboptimal in cells lacking the WDD owing to delayed endocytosis and inefficient early trafficking of IL10/IL-10R complexes. Our data reveal WDD-dependent roles of ATG16L1 in the regulation of cytokine receptor trafficking and signaling, and provide a WDD-binding motif that might be used to identify additional WDD activators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inmaculada Serramito-Gómez
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer, Centro de Investigación del Cáncer, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)-Universidad de Salamanca, Campus Miguel de Unamuno, 37007, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Emilio Boada-Romero
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer, Centro de Investigación del Cáncer, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)-Universidad de Salamanca, Campus Miguel de Unamuno, 37007, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Raquel Villamuera
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer, Centro de Investigación del Cáncer, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)-Universidad de Salamanca, Campus Miguel de Unamuno, 37007, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Álvaro Fernández-Cabrera
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer, Centro de Investigación del Cáncer, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)-Universidad de Salamanca, Campus Miguel de Unamuno, 37007, Salamanca, Spain
| | - José Luis Cedillo
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer, Centro de Investigación del Cáncer, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)-Universidad de Salamanca, Campus Miguel de Unamuno, 37007, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Ángela Martín-Regalado
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer, Centro de Investigación del Cáncer, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)-Universidad de Salamanca, Campus Miguel de Unamuno, 37007, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Simon Carding
- Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UQ, UK
| | - Uli Mayer
- School of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, UK
| | - Penny P Powell
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, UK
| | - Thomas Wileman
- Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UQ, UK
| | - Irene García-Higuera
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (UAM-CSIC), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, C/Nicolás Cabrera, 1, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Felipe X Pimentel-Muiños
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer, Centro de Investigación del Cáncer, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)-Universidad de Salamanca, Campus Miguel de Unamuno, 37007, Salamanca, Spain. .,Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (CSIC-UAM), Nicolás Cabrera, 1, 28049, Madrid, Spain.
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Clathrin- and dynamin-dependent endocytosis limits canonical NF-κB signaling triggered by lymphotoxin β receptor. Cell Commun Signal 2020; 18:176. [PMID: 33148272 PMCID: PMC7640449 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-020-00664-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Lymphotoxin β receptor (LTβR) is a member of tumor necrosis factor receptor (TNFR) superfamily which regulates the immune response. At the cellular level, upon ligand binding, the receptor activates the pro-inflammatory NF-κB and AP-1 pathways. Yet, the intracellular distribution of LTβR, the routes of its endocytosis and their connection to the signaling activation are not characterized. Here, we investigated the contribution of LTβR internalization to its signaling potential. Methods Intracellular localization of LTβR in unstimulated and stimulated cells was analyzed by confocal microscopy. Endocytosis impairment was achieved through siRNA- or CRISPR/Cas9-mediated depletion, or chemical inhibition of proteins regulating endocytic routes. The activation of LTβR-induced signaling was examined. The levels of effector proteins of the canonical and non-canonical branches of the NF-κB pathway, and the phosphorylation of JNK, Akt, ERK1/2, STAT1 and STAT3 involved in diverse signaling cascades, were measured by Western blotting. A transcriptional response to LTβR stimulation was assessed by qRT-PCR analysis. Results We demonstrated that LTβR was predominantly present on endocytic vesicles and the Golgi apparatus. The ligand-bound pool of the receptor localized to endosomes and was trafficked towards lysosomes for degradation. Depletion of regulators of different endocytic routes (clathrin-mediated, dynamin-dependent or clathrin-independent) resulted in the impairment of LTβR internalization, indicating that this receptor uses multiple entry pathways. Cells deprived of clathrin and dynamins exhibited enhanced activation of canonical NF-κB signaling represented by increased degradation of IκBα inhibitor and elevated expression of LTβR target genes. We also demonstrated that clathrin and dynamin deficiency reduced to some extent LTβR-triggered activation of the non-canonical branch of the NF-κB pathway. Conclusions Our work shows that the impairment of clathrin- and dynamin-dependent internalization amplifies a cellular response to LTβR stimulation. We postulate that receptor internalization restricts responsiveness of the cell to subthreshold stimuli. Video Abstract
Graphical abstract ![]()
Supplementary information Supplementary information accompanies this paper at 10.1186/s12964-020-00664-0.
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Moore R, Vogt K, Acosta-Martin AE, Shire P, Zeidler M, Smythe E. Integration of JAK/STAT receptor-ligand trafficking, signalling and gene expression in Drosophila melanogaster cells. J Cell Sci 2020; 133:jcs246199. [PMID: 32917740 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.246199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The JAK/STAT pathway is an essential signalling cascade required for multiple processes during development and for adult homeostasis. A key question in understanding this pathway is how it is regulated in different cell contexts. Here, we have examined how endocytic processing contributes to signalling by the single cytokine receptor in Drosophila melanogaster cells, Domeless. We identify an evolutionarily conserved di-leucine (di-Leu) motif that is required for Domeless internalisation and show that endocytosis is required for activation of a subset of Domeless targets. Our data indicate that endocytosis both qualitatively and quantitatively regulates Domeless signalling. STAT92E, the single STAT transcription factor in Drosophila, appears to be the target of endocytic regulation, and our studies show that phosphorylation of STAT92E on Tyr704, although necessary, is not always sufficient for target transcription. Finally, we identify a conserved residue, Thr702, which is essential for Tyr704 phosphorylation. Taken together, our findings identify previously unknown aspects of JAK/STAT pathway regulation likely to play key roles in the spatial and temporal regulation of signalling in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Moore
- Centre for Membrane Interactions and Dynamics, Department of Biomedical Science, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK
| | - Katja Vogt
- Centre for Membrane Interactions and Dynamics, Department of Biomedical Science, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK
| | - Adelina E Acosta-Martin
- biOMICS Facility, Faculty of Science Mass Spectrometry Centre, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK
| | - Patrick Shire
- Centre for Membrane Interactions and Dynamics, Department of Biomedical Science, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK
| | - Martin Zeidler
- Centre for Membrane Interactions and Dynamics, Department of Biomedical Science, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK
| | - Elizabeth Smythe
- Centre for Membrane Interactions and Dynamics, Department of Biomedical Science, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK
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Taefehshokr N, Taefehshokr S, Hemmat N, Heit B. Covid-19: Perspectives on Innate Immune Evasion. Front Immunol 2020; 11:580641. [PMID: 33101306 PMCID: PMC7554241 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.580641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The ongoing outbreak of Coronavirus disease 2019 infection achieved pandemic status on March 11, 2020. As of September 8, 2020 it has caused over 890,000 mortalities world-wide. Coronaviral infections are enabled by potent immunoevasory mechanisms that target multiple aspects of innate immunity, with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) able to induce a cytokine storm, impair interferon responses, and suppress antigen presentation on both MHC class I and class II. Understanding the immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 and its immunoevasion approaches will improve our understanding of pathogenesis, virus clearance, and contribute toward vaccine and immunotherepeutic design and evaluation. This review discusses the known host innate immune response and immune evasion mechanisms driving SARS-CoV-2 infection and pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nima Taefehshokr
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Human Immunology, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | - Sina Taefehshokr
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Nima Hemmat
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Bryan Heit
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Human Immunology, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
- Robarts Research Institute, London, ON, Canada
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Rueda-Gensini L, Cifuentes J, Castellanos MC, Puentes PR, Serna JA, Muñoz-Camargo C, Cruz JC. Tailoring Iron Oxide Nanoparticles for Efficient Cellular Internalization and Endosomal Escape. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 10:E1816. [PMID: 32932957 PMCID: PMC7559083 DOI: 10.3390/nano10091816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Revised: 09/05/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Iron oxide nanoparticles (IONs) have been widely explored for biomedical applications due to their high biocompatibility, surface-coating versatility, and superparamagnetic properties. Upon exposure to an external magnetic field, IONs can be precisely directed to a region of interest and serve as exceptional delivery vehicles and cellular markers. However, the design of nanocarriers that achieve an efficient endocytic uptake, escape lysosomal degradation, and perform precise intracellular functions is still a challenge for their application in translational medicine. This review highlights several aspects that mediate the activation of the endosomal pathways, as well as the different properties that govern endosomal escape and nuclear transfection of magnetic IONs. In particular, we review a variety of ION surface modification alternatives that have emerged for facilitating their endocytic uptake and their timely escape from endosomes, with special emphasis on how these can be manipulated for the rational design of cell-penetrating vehicles. Moreover, additional modifications for enhancing nuclear transfection are also included in the design of therapeutic vehicles that must overcome this barrier. Understanding these mechanisms opens new perspectives in the strategic development of vehicles for cell tracking, cell imaging and the targeted intracellular delivery of drugs and gene therapy sequences and vectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Rueda-Gensini
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, Universidad de Los Andes, Carrera 1 No. 18A-12, 111711 Bogotá, Colombia; (L.R.-G.); (J.C.); (M.C.C.); (P.R.P.); (J.A.S.)
| | - Javier Cifuentes
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, Universidad de Los Andes, Carrera 1 No. 18A-12, 111711 Bogotá, Colombia; (L.R.-G.); (J.C.); (M.C.C.); (P.R.P.); (J.A.S.)
| | - Maria Claudia Castellanos
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, Universidad de Los Andes, Carrera 1 No. 18A-12, 111711 Bogotá, Colombia; (L.R.-G.); (J.C.); (M.C.C.); (P.R.P.); (J.A.S.)
| | - Paola Ruiz Puentes
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, Universidad de Los Andes, Carrera 1 No. 18A-12, 111711 Bogotá, Colombia; (L.R.-G.); (J.C.); (M.C.C.); (P.R.P.); (J.A.S.)
| | - Julian A. Serna
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, Universidad de Los Andes, Carrera 1 No. 18A-12, 111711 Bogotá, Colombia; (L.R.-G.); (J.C.); (M.C.C.); (P.R.P.); (J.A.S.)
| | - Carolina Muñoz-Camargo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, Universidad de Los Andes, Carrera 1 No. 18A-12, 111711 Bogotá, Colombia; (L.R.-G.); (J.C.); (M.C.C.); (P.R.P.); (J.A.S.)
| | - Juan C. Cruz
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, Universidad de Los Andes, Carrera 1 No. 18A-12, 111711 Bogotá, Colombia; (L.R.-G.); (J.C.); (M.C.C.); (P.R.P.); (J.A.S.)
- School of Chemical Engineering and Advanced Materials, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide 5005, Australia
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Alexander KL, Serrano CA, Chakraborty A, Nearing M, Council LN, Riquelme A, Garrido M, Bellis SL, Smythies LE, Smith PD. Modulation of glycosyltransferase ST6Gal-I in gastric cancer-derived organoids disrupts homeostatic epithelial cell turnover. J Biol Chem 2020; 295:14153-14163. [PMID: 32763973 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra120.014887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Revised: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Programmed cell death promotes homeostatic cell turnover in the epithelium but is dysregulated in cancer. The glycosyltransferase ST6Gal-I is known to block homeostatic apoptosis through α2,6-linked sialylation of the death receptor TNFR1 in many cell types. However, its role has not been investigated in gastric epithelial cells or gastric tumorigenesis. We determined that human gastric antral epithelium rarely expressed ST6Gal-I, but the number of ST6Gal-I-expressing epithelial cells increased significantly with advancing premalignancy leading to cancer. The mRNA expression levels of ST6GAL-I and SOX9 in human gastric epithelial cells correlated positively with one another through the premalignancy cascade, indicating that increased epithelial cell expression of ST6Gal-I is associated with premalignant progression. To determine the functional impact of increased ST6Gal-I, we generated human gastric antral organoids from epithelial stem cells and differentiated epithelial monolayers from gastric organoids. Gastric epithelial stem cells strongly expressed ST6Gal-I, suggesting a novel biomarker of stemness. In contrast, organoid-derived epithelial monolayers expressed markedly reduced ST6Gal-I and underwent TNF-induced, caspase-mediated apoptosis, consistent with homeostasis. Conversely, epithelial monolayers generated from gastric cancer stem cells retained high levels of ST6Gal-I and resisted TNF-induced apoptosis, supporting prolonged survival. Protection from TNF-induced apoptosis depended on ST6Gal-I overexpression, because forced ST6Gal-I overexpression in normal gastric stem cell-differentiated monolayers inhibited TNF-induced apoptosis, and cleavage of α2,6-linked sialic acids from gastric cancer organoid-derived monolayers restored susceptibility to TNF-induced apoptosis. These findings implicate up-regulated ST6Gal-I expression in blocking homeostatic epithelial cell apoptosis in gastric cancer pathogenesis, suggesting a mechanism for prolonged epithelioid tumor cell survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katie L Alexander
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Carolina A Serrano
- Departments of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Asmi Chakraborty
- Department of Cell Developmental and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Marie Nearing
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Leona N Council
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Arnoldo Riquelme
- Department of Gastroenterologys, Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Department Health Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Marcelo Garrido
- Department of Oncology, Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Susan L Bellis
- Department of Cell Developmental and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Lesley E Smythies
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Phillip D Smith
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
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40
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Germann UA, Alam JJ. P38α MAPK Signaling-A Robust Therapeutic Target for Rab5-Mediated Neurodegenerative Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E5485. [PMID: 32751991 PMCID: PMC7432772 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21155485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Revised: 07/25/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Multifactorial pathologies, involving one or more aggregated protein(s) and neuroinflammation are common in major neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease and dementia with Lewy bodies. This complexity of multiple pathogenic drivers is one potential explanation for the lack of success or, at best, the partial therapeutic effects, respectively, with approaches that have targeted one specific driver, e.g., amyloid-beta, in Alzheimer's disease. Since the endosome-associated protein Rab5 appears to be a convergence point for many, if not all the most prominent pathogenic drivers, it has emerged as a major therapeutic target for neurodegenerative disease. Further, since the alpha isoform of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38α) is a major regulator of Rab5 activity and its effectors, a biology that is distinct from the classical nuclear targets of p38 signaling, brain-penetrant selective p38α kinase inhibitors provide the opportunity for significant therapeutic advances in neurogenerative disease through normalizing dysregulated Rab5 activity. In this review, we provide a brief summary of the role of Rab5 in the cell and its association with neurodegenerative disease pathogenesis. We then discuss the connection between Rab5 and p38α and summarize the evidence that through modulating Rab5 activity there are therapeutic opportunities in neurodegenerative diseases for p38α kinase inhibitors.
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Lauber C, Correia N, Trumpp A, Rieger MA, Dolnik A, Bullinger L, Roeder I, Seifert M. Survival differences and associated molecular signatures of DNMT3A-mutant acute myeloid leukemia patients. Sci Rep 2020; 10:12761. [PMID: 32728112 PMCID: PMC7391693 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-69691-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a very heterogeneous and highly malignant blood cancer. Mutations of the DNA methyltransferase DNMT3A are among the most frequent recurrent genetic lesions in AML. The majority of DNMT3A-mutant AML patients shows fast relapse and poor survival, but also patients with long survival or long-term remission have been reported. Underlying molecular signatures and mechanisms that contribute to these survival differences are only poorly understood and have not been studied in detail so far. We applied hierarchical clustering to somatic gene mutation profiles of 51 DNMT3A-mutant patients from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) AML cohort revealing two robust patient subgroups with profound differences in survival. We further determined molecular signatures that distinguish both subgroups. Our results suggest that FLT3 and/or NPM1 mutations contribute to survival differences of DNMT3A-mutant patients. We observed an upregulation of genes of the p53, VEGF and DNA replication pathway and a downregulation of genes of the PI3K-Akt pathway in short- compared to long-lived patients. We identified that the majority of measured miRNAs was downregulated in the short-lived group and we found differentially expressed microRNAs between both subgroups that have not been reported for AML so far (miR-153-2, miR-3065, miR-95, miR-6718) suggesting that miRNAs could be important for prognosis. In addition, we learned gene regulatory networks to predict potential major regulators and found several genes and miRNAs with known roles in AML pathogenesis, but also interesting novel candidates involved in the regulation of hematopoiesis, cell cycle, cell differentiation, and immunity that may contribute to the observed survival differences of both subgroups and could therefore be important for prognosis. Moreover, the characteristic gene mutation and expression signatures that distinguished short- from long-lived patients were also predictive for independent DNMT3A-mutant AML patients from other cohorts and could also contribute to further improve the European LeukemiaNet (ELN) prognostic scoring system. Our study represents the first in-depth computational approach to identify molecular factors associated with survival differences of DNMT3A-mutant AML patients and could trigger additional studies to develop robust molecular markers for a better stratification of AML patients with DNMT3A mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chris Lauber
- Institute for Medical Informatics and Biometry (IMB), Carl Gustav Carus Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Nádia Correia
- Division of Stem Cells and Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Andreas Trumpp
- Division of Stem Cells and Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Michael A Rieger
- Department of Medicine, Hematology/Oncology, Goethe University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Anna Dolnik
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Tumorimmunology, Charité University Medicine Berlin, Campus Virchow Klinikum, Berlin, Germany
| | - Lars Bullinger
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Tumorimmunology, Charité University Medicine Berlin, Campus Virchow Klinikum, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ingo Roeder
- Institute for Medical Informatics and Biometry (IMB), Carl Gustav Carus Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.,National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Dresden, Germany
| | - Michael Seifert
- Institute for Medical Informatics and Biometry (IMB), Carl Gustav Carus Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany. .,National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Dresden, Germany.
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Glassman PM, Myerson JW, Ferguson LT, Kiseleva RY, Shuvaev VV, Brenner JS, Muzykantov VR. Targeting drug delivery in the vascular system: Focus on endothelium. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2020; 157:96-117. [PMID: 32579890 PMCID: PMC7306214 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2020.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Revised: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The bloodstream is the main transporting pathway for drug delivery systems (DDS) from the site of administration to the intended site of action. In many cases, components of the vascular system represent therapeutic targets. Endothelial cells, which line the luminal surface of the vasculature, play a tripartite role of the key target, barrier, or victim of nanomedicines in the bloodstream. Circulating DDS may accumulate in the vascular areas of interest and in off-target areas via mechanisms bypassing specific molecular recognition, but using ligands of specific vascular determinant molecules enables a degree of precision, efficacy, and specificity of delivery unattainable by non-affinity DDS. Three decades of research efforts have focused on specific vascular targeting, which have yielded a multitude of DDS, many of which are currently undergoing a translational phase of development for biomedical applications, including interventions in the cardiovascular, pulmonary, and central nervous systems, regulation of endothelial functions, host defense, and permeation of vascular barriers. We discuss the design of endothelial-targeted nanocarriers, factors underlying their interactions with cells and tissues, and describe examples of their investigational use in models of acute vascular inflammation with an eye on translational challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick M Glassman
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Center for Targeted Therapeutics and Translational Nanomedicine of the Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States of America.
| | - Jacob W Myerson
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Center for Targeted Therapeutics and Translational Nanomedicine of the Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States of America
| | - Laura T Ferguson
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Center for Targeted Therapeutics and Translational Nanomedicine of the Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States of America; Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States of America
| | - Raisa Y Kiseleva
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Center for Targeted Therapeutics and Translational Nanomedicine of the Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States of America
| | - Vladimir V Shuvaev
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Center for Targeted Therapeutics and Translational Nanomedicine of the Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States of America
| | - Jacob S Brenner
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Center for Targeted Therapeutics and Translational Nanomedicine of the Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States of America; Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States of America
| | - Vladimir R Muzykantov
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Center for Targeted Therapeutics and Translational Nanomedicine of the Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States of America.
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Toms D, Al-Ani A, Sunba S, Tong QYV, Workentine M, Ungrin M. Automated Hypothesis Generation to Identify Signals Relevant in the Development of Mammalian Cell and Tissue Bioprocesses, With Validation in a Retinal Culture System. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:534. [PMID: 32582664 PMCID: PMC7287043 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.00534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2019] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
We have developed an accessible software tool (receptoR) to predict potentially active signaling pathways in one or more cell type(s) of interest from publicly available transcriptome data. As proof-of-concept, we applied it to mouse photoreceptors, yielding the previously untested hypothesis that activin signaling pathways are active in these cells. Expression of the type 2 activin receptor (Acvr2a) was experimentally confirmed by both RT-qPCR and immunochemistry, and activation of this signaling pathway with recombinant activin A significantly enhanced the survival of magnetically sorted photoreceptors in culture. Taken together, we demonstrate that our approach can be easily used to mine publicly available transcriptome data and generate hypotheses around receptor expression that can be used to identify novel signaling pathways in specific cell types of interest. We anticipate that receptoR (available at https://www.ucalgary.ca/ungrinlab/receptoR) will enable more efficient use of limited research resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derek Toms
- Department of Comparative Biology and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Abdullah Al-Ani
- Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Biomedical Engineering Graduate Program, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Alberta Diabetes Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.,Leaders in Medicine Program, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Saud Sunba
- Department of Comparative Biology and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Qing Yun Victor Tong
- Department of Comparative Biology and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Matthew Workentine
- Department of Comparative Biology and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Mark Ungrin
- Department of Comparative Biology and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Biomedical Engineering Graduate Program, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Alberta Diabetes Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
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TRAF2 Knockdown in Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Induced Cell Cycle Arrest and Enhanced the Sensitivity to Radiotherapy. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 2020:1641340. [PMID: 32566659 PMCID: PMC7277071 DOI: 10.1155/2020/1641340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2019] [Accepted: 04/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
TRAF2 is a crucial adaptor protein involved in various signaling pathways. However, its biological functions in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) remain largely unknown. In the present study, we found that TRAF2 was overexpressed in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) cells. Knockdown of TRAF2 with shRNA significantly suppressed NPC cell proliferation and colony formation. The growth of xenograft tumor significantly reduced after TRAF2 was silenced. Conversely, the ectopic overexpression of TRAF2 significantly promoted cell proliferation and anchorage-independent growth. In TRAF2 knockdown cells, EGF-induced activation of transcriptional factors, including MSK1, CREB, and ATF2, markedly decreased. Accordingly, the transcriptional activity of AP-1 was substantially decreased in TRAF2-deficient cells. With the suppression of gene transcription, the expression of cyclin D1 was significantly impaired, which gave rise to the G0/G1 cell cycle arrest. Moreover, the overexpression of TRAF2 in NPC cells was associated with resistance to irradiation, and the potency of irradiation was substantially enhanced after TRAF2 was knocked down. Briefly, our studies demonstrated that TRAF2 had a crucial role in NPC development, and it might be of great potential to targeting TRAF2 for NPC prevention and treatment.
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Hsieh YH, Litvin DG, Zaylor AR, Nethery DE, Dick TE, Jacono FJ. Brainstem inflammation modulates the ventilatory pattern and its variability after acute lung injury in rodents. J Physiol 2020; 598:2791-2811. [PMID: 32378188 DOI: 10.1113/jp279177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2019] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
KEY POINTS Compared with sham rats, rats a week after acute lung injury (ALI) express more pro-inflammatory cytokines in their brainstem respiratory control nuclei, exhibit a higher respiratory frequency (fR) and breathe with a more predictable pattern. These characteristics of the respiratory pattern persist in in situ preparations even after minimizing pulmonary and chemo-afferent inputs. Interleukin (IL)-1β microinjected in the nucleus tractus solitarii increases fR and the predictability of the ventilatory pattern similar to rats with ALI. Intracerebroventricular infusion of indomethacin, an anti-inflammatory drug, mitigates the effect of ALI on fR and ventilatory pattern variability. We conclude that changes in the ventilatory pattern after ALI result not only from sensory input due to pulmonary damage and dysfunction but also from neuro-inflammation. ABSTRACT Acute lung injury (ALI) increases respiratory rate (fR) and ventilatory pattern variability (VPV), but also evokes peripheral and central inflammation. We hypothesized that central inflammation has a role in determining the ventilatory pattern after ALI. In rat pups, we intratracheally injected either bleomycin to induce ALI or saline as a sham control. One week later, we recorded the ventilatory pattern of the rat pups using flow-through plethysmography, then formed in situ preparations from these pups and recorded their 'fictive' patterns from respiratory motor nerves. Compared with the ventilatory pattern of the sham rat pups, injured rat pups had increased fR and predictability. Surprisingly, the fictive patterns of the in situ preparations from ALI pups retained these characteristics despite removing their lungs to eliminate pulmonary sensory inputs and perfusing them with hyperoxic artificial cerebral spinal fluid to minimize peripheral chemoreceptor input. Histological processing revealed increased immunoreactivity of the pro-inflammatory cytokine Interleukin-1β (IL-1β) in the nucleus tractus solitarii (nTS) from ALI but not sham rats. In subsequent experiments, we microinjected IL-1β in the nTS bilaterally in anaesthetized naïve adult rats, which increased fR and predictability of ventilatory pattern variability (VPV) after 2 h. Finally, we infused indomethacin intracerebroventricularly during the week of survival after ALI. This did not affect sham rats, but mitigated changes in fR and VPV in ALI rats. We conclude that neuro-inflammation has an essential role in determining the ventilatory pattern of ALI rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yee-Hsee Hsieh
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, United States
| | - David G Litvin
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, United States.,Department of Fundamental Neuroscience, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, 1005, Switzerland
| | - Abigail R Zaylor
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, United States.,Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Louis Stokes VA Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio, United States
| | - David E Nethery
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, United States
| | - Thomas E Dick
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, United States.,Department of Neurosciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, United States
| | - Frank J Jacono
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, United States.,Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Louis Stokes VA Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio, United States
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Lübow C, Bockstiegel J, Weindl G. Lysosomotropic drugs enhance pro-inflammatory responses to IL-1β in macrophages by inhibiting internalization of the IL-1 receptor. Biochem Pharmacol 2020; 175:113864. [PMID: 32088265 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2020.113864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Interleukin (IL)-1 signaling leads to production of pro-inflammatory mediators and is regulated by receptor endocytosis. Lysosomotropic drugs have been linked to increased pro-inflammatory responses under sterile inflammatory conditions but the underlying mechanisms have not been fully elucidated. Here, we report that lysosomotropic drugs potentiate pro-inflammatory effects in response to IL-1β via a mechanism involving reactive oxygen species, p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase and reduced IL-1 receptor internalization. Chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine increased IL-1β-induced CXCL8 secretion in macrophages which was critically dependent on the lysosomotropic character and inhibition of macroautophagy but independent from the NLRP3 inflammasome. Co-stimulation with the autophagy inducer interferon gamma attenuated CXCL8 release. Other lysosomotropic drugs like bafilomycin A1, fluoxetine and chlorpromazine but also the endocytosis inhibitor dynasore showed similar pro-inflammatory responses. Increased cell surface expression of IL-1 receptor suggests reduced receptor degradation in the presence of lysosomotropic drugs. Our findings provide new insights into a potentially crucial immunoregulatory mechanism in macrophages that may explain how lysosomotropic drugs drive sterile inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Lübow
- Freie Universität Berlin, Institute of Pharmacy (Pharmacology and Toxicology), Germany; University of Bonn, Pharmaceutical Institute, Section Pharmacology and Toxicology, Germany
| | - Judith Bockstiegel
- University of Bonn, Pharmaceutical Institute, Section Pharmacology and Toxicology, Germany
| | - Günther Weindl
- Freie Universität Berlin, Institute of Pharmacy (Pharmacology and Toxicology), Germany; University of Bonn, Pharmaceutical Institute, Section Pharmacology and Toxicology, Germany.
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The anti-inflammatory potential of cefazolin as common gamma chain cytokine inhibitor. Sci Rep 2020; 10:2886. [PMID: 32076052 PMCID: PMC7031511 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-59798-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2019] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
A continuing quest for specific inhibitors of proinflammatory cytokines brings promise for effective therapies designed for inflammatory and autoimmune disorders. Cefazolin, a safe, first-generation cephalosporin antibiotic, has been recently shown to specifically interact with interleukin 15 (IL-15) receptor subunit α (IL-15Rα) and to inhibit IL-15-dependent TNF-α and IL-17 synthesis. The aim of this study was to elucidate cefazolin activity against IL-2, IL-4, IL-15 and IL-21, i.e. four cytokines sharing the common cytokine receptor γ chain (γc). In silico, molecular docking unveiled two potential cefazolin binding sites within the IL-2/IL-15Rβ subunit and two within the γc subunit. In vitro, cefazolin decreased proliferation of PBMC (peripheral blood mononuclear cells) following IL-2, IL-4 and IL-15 stimulation, reduced production of IFN-γ, IL-17 and TNF-α in IL-2- and IL-15-treated PBMC and in IL-15 stimulated natural killer (NK) cells, attenuated IL-4-dependent expression of CD11c in monocyte-derived dendritic cells and suppressed phosphorylation of JAK3 in response to IL-2 and IL-15 in PBMC, to IL-4 in TF-1 (erythroleukemic cell line) and to IL-21 in NK-92 (NK cell line). The results of the study suggest that cefazolin may exert inhibitory activity against all of the γc receptor-dependent cytokines, i.e. IL-2, IL-4, IL-7, IL-9, IL-15 and IL-21.
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Sun R, Hedl M, Abraham C. IL23 induces IL23R recycling and amplifies innate receptor-induced signalling and cytokines in human macrophages, and the IBD-protective IL23R R381Q variant modulates these outcomes. Gut 2020; 69:264-273. [PMID: 31097538 PMCID: PMC6858485 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2018-316830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2018] [Revised: 03/25/2019] [Accepted: 04/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The interleukin (IL)23 pathway contributes to IBD pathogenesis and is being actively studied as a therapeutic target in patients with IBD. Unexpected outcomes in these therapeutic trials have highlighted the importance of understanding the cell types and mechanisms through which IL23 regulates immune outcomes. How IL23 regulates macrophage outcomes and the consequences of the IL23R R381Q IBD-protective variant on macrophages are not well defined; macrophages are key players in IBD pathogenesis and inflammation. DESIGN We analysed protein and RNA expression, signalling and localisation in human monocyte-derived macrophages (MDMs) through western blot, ELISA, real-time PCR, flow cytometry, immunoprecipitation and microscopy. RESULTS IL23R was critical for optimal levels of pattern-recognition receptor (PRR)-induced signalling and cytokines in human MDMs. In contrast to the coreceptor IL12Rβ1, IL23 induced dynamic IL23R cell surface regulation and this required clathrin and dynamin-mediated endocytosis and endocytic recycling-dependent pathways; these pathways were essential for IL23R-mediated outcomes. The IBD-protective IL23R R381Q variant showed distinct outcomes. Relative to IL23R R381, HeLa cells expressing IL23R Q381 showed decreased IL23R recycling and reduced assembly of IL23R Q381 with Janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription pathway members. In MDMs from IL23R Q381 carriers, IL23R accumulated in late endosomes and lysosomes on IL23 treatment and cells demonstrated decreased IL23R- and PRR-induced signalling and cytokines relative to IL23R R381 MDMs. CONCLUSION Macrophage-mediated inflammatory pathways are key contributors to IBD pathogenesis, and we identify an autocrine/paracrine IL23 requirement in PRR-initiated human macrophage outcomes and in human intestinal myeloid cells, establish that IL23R undergoes ligand-induced recycling, define mechanisms regulating IL23R-induced signalling and determine how the IBD-protective IL23R R381Q variant modulates these processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Sun
- Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Matija Hedl
- Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Clara Abraham
- Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
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Abstract
Sialic acid-binding immunoglobulin-type lectins (Siglecs) are expressed on the majority of white blood cells of the immune system and play critical roles in immune cell signaling. Through recognition of sialic acid-containing glycans as ligands, they help the immune system distinguish between self and nonself. Because of their restricted cell type expression and roles as checkpoints in immune cell responses in human diseases such as cancer, asthma, allergy, neurodegeneration, and autoimmune diseases they have gained attention as targets for therapeutic interventions. In this review we describe the Siglec family, its roles in regulation of immune cell signaling, current efforts to define its roles in disease processes, and approaches to target Siglecs for treatment of human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiteng Duan
- Departments of Molecular Medicine, and Immunology and Microbiology, Scripps Research, La Jolla, California 92037, USA;
| | - James C Paulson
- Departments of Molecular Medicine, and Immunology and Microbiology, Scripps Research, La Jolla, California 92037, USA;
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TYK2 in Tumor Immunosurveillance. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12010150. [PMID: 31936322 PMCID: PMC7017180 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12010150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2019] [Revised: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 12/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
We review the history of the tyrosine kinase 2 (TYK2) as the founding member of the Janus kinase (JAK) family and outline its structure-function relation. Gene-targeted mice and hereditary defects of TYK2 in men have established the biological and pathological functions of TYK2 in innate and adaptive immune responses to infection and cancer and in (auto-)inflammation. We describe the architecture of the main cytokine receptor families associated with TYK2, which activate signal transducers and activators of transcription (STATs). We summarize the cytokine receptor activities with well characterized dependency on TYK2, the types of cells that respond to cytokines and TYK2 signaling-induced cytokine production. TYK2 may drive beneficial or detrimental activities, which we explain based on the concepts of tumor immunoediting and the cancer-immunity cycle in the tumor microenvironment. Finally, we summarize current knowledge of TYK2 functions in mouse models of tumor surveillance. The biology and biochemistry of JAKs, TYK2-dependent cytokines and cytokine signaling in tumor surveillance are well covered in recent reviews and the oncogenic properties of TYK2 are reviewed in the recent Special Issue ‘Targeting STAT3 and STAT5 in Cancer’ of Cancers.
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