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Kcomt L, Boyd CJ, Evans-Polce RJ, Veliz P, Engstrom C, West BT, McCabe SE. Ethnic Discrimination, Sexual Orientation Discrimination, and DSM-5 Alcohol Use Disorder Among U.S. Latino or Hispanic Adults. JOURNAL OF HOMOSEXUALITY 2024; 71:1970-1990. [PMID: 37272895 PMCID: PMC10696128 DOI: 10.1080/00918369.2023.2217516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
We aimed to assess the probability of past-year DSM-5 alcohol use disorder (AUD) and past-year moderate-to-severe DSM-5 AUD as a function of past-year ethnic discrimination among U.S. Latino/Hispanic adults and as a function of past-year discrimination types among Latino/Hispanic sexual minorities (SM). We used data from the 2012-2013 National Epidemiological Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions-III (n = 36,309 U.S. adults aged ≥18 years). Our sample consisted of 6,954 Latino/Hispanic adults. Multivariable logistic regression analyses estimated the association of past-year ethnic discrimination with past-year AUD and past-year moderate-to-severe AUD among the overall Latino/Hispanic population. We tested the association between discrimination types (i.e. none, ethnic or sexual orientation discrimination, both) with AUD and moderate-to-severe AUD among Latino/Hispanic SM adults. Among Latino/Hispanic adults, 13.4% met criteria for past-year AUD and 6.4% met criteria for past-year moderate-to-severe AUD. Ethnic discrimination was significantly associated with AUD (AOR = 1.09, 95% CI = 1.07-1.12) and moderate-to-severe AUD (AOR = 1.10, 95% CI = 1.06-1.13). Latino/Hispanic SMs who experienced both ethnic and sexual orientation discrimination were more likely to meet criteria for AUD (AOR = 3.44, 95% CI = 1.97-6.03) and moderate-to-severe AUD (AOR = 2.69, 95% CI = 1.25-5.82) compared to those who did not experience discrimination. Discrimination is a risk factor for AUD and moderate-to-severe AUD among Latino/Hispanic overall and SM populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luisa Kcomt
- School of Social Work, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI
- Center for the Study of Drugs, Alcohol, Smoking and Health, Department of Health Behavior and Biological Sciences, School of Nursing, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Carol J. Boyd
- Center for the Study of Drugs, Alcohol, Smoking and Health, Department of Health Behavior and Biological Sciences, School of Nursing, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
- Institute for Research on Women and Gender, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
- Addiction Center, Department of Psychiatry, Rachel Upjohn Building, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
- Center for Sexuality and Health Disparities, School of Nursing, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Rebecca J. Evans-Polce
- Center for the Study of Drugs, Alcohol, Smoking and Health, Department of Health Behavior and Biological Sciences, School of Nursing, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Phil Veliz
- Center for the Study of Drugs, Alcohol, Smoking and Health, Department of Health Behavior and Biological Sciences, School of Nursing, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
- Institute for Research on Women and Gender, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
- Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Curtiss Engstrom
- Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Brady T. West
- Center for the Study of Drugs, Alcohol, Smoking and Health, Department of Health Behavior and Biological Sciences, School of Nursing, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
- Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
- Institute for Healthcare Policy and Innovation, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Sean Esteban McCabe
- Center for the Study of Drugs, Alcohol, Smoking and Health, Department of Health Behavior and Biological Sciences, School of Nursing, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
- Institute for Research on Women and Gender, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
- Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
- Institute for Healthcare Policy and Innovation, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
- Center for Sexuality and Health Disparities, School of Nursing, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
- Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
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García-Pérez H, Kulis SS, Marsiglia FF, Estabrooks PA. Urban Violence, Migration and Alcohol, Tobacco, and Marijuana Use among Transnational Students in Northern Mexico. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 21:43. [PMID: 38248508 PMCID: PMC10815035 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph21010043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Revised: 12/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
This article reports on the findings of a study of the relationship between transnational experiences in the United States (US) and the use of alcohol, tobacco, and marijuana among 7th grade students (n = 1418). The study was guided by a cross-national framework for research on immigrant health and assessed the accumulation of risk factors for transnational adolescents. Data came from a survey conducted in 2017 in Nogales, Mexico. In this study, the last 30-day prevalence of use of alcohol, tobacco, and marijuana among students was 21.7%, 8.3%, and 2.4%, respectively. Most students were born in Nogales (69.6%), while 10.5% were born in the US, 7.5% attended school in the US, and 3.6% engaged in health-related risk behaviors while living in or visiting the US. Students with transnational experiences, such as attending school in the US, reported the highest 30-day prevalence of tobacco (13.3%) and marijuana (9.5%) use. After adjusting for family, school, access to substances and neighborhood violence variables, students who engaged in health-related risk behavior in the US had significantly increased odds of alcohol and marijuana use while later attending school in Mexico. The article discusses the findings from a prevention science perspective and provides implications for policy, practice, and future research on the Mexico-US border region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hilda García-Pérez
- El Colegio de la Frontera Norte, Unidad Nogales, Reforma Av. No. 528 Col. del Rosario, Nogales 84020, Sonora, Mexico
| | - Stephen S. Kulis
- School of Social and Family Dynamics, Arizona State University, P.O. Box 873701, Tempe, AZ 85287-3701, USA;
- Global Center for Applied Health Research (GCAHR), University Center 720, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ 85004-3920, USA;
| | - Flavio F. Marsiglia
- Global Center for Applied Health Research (GCAHR), University Center 720, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ 85004-3920, USA;
| | - Paul A. Estabrooks
- Department of Health & Kinesiology, University of Utah, 248 HPER North, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA;
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Ghimire DJ, Cole F, Hermosilla S, Axinn WG, Benjet C. Alcohol use and internal migration in Nepal: a cross-sectional study. J Epidemiol Community Health 2023; 77:587-593. [PMID: 37407031 PMCID: PMC10498928 DOI: 10.1136/jech-2022-220030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alcohol use is a leading cause of disease. Although low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) have lower per capita alcohol consumption, the alcohol-attributable disease burden is high in these settings with consumption increasing. LMICs are also experiencing unprecedented levels of internal migration, potentially increasing mental stress, changing social restrictions on drinking, and increasing alcohol availability. We assessed the relationship between internal migration, opportunity to drink, and the transition from first use to regular alcohol use and alcohol use disorders (AUD) in Nepal, a low-income, South Asian country. METHODS A representative sample of 7435 individuals, aged 15-59 from Nepal were interviewed in 2016-2018 (93% response rate) with clinically validated measures of alcohol use and disorders and life history calendar measures of lifetime migration experiences. Discrete-time hazard models assessed associations between migration and alcohol use outcomes. RESULTS Net of individual sociodemographic characteristics, internal migration was associated with increased odds of opportunity to drink (OR 1.32, 95% CI 1.14 to 1.53), onset of regular alcohol use given lifetime use (OR 1.29, 95% CI 1.13 to 1.48) and AUD given lifetime use (OR 1.24, 95% CI 0.99 to 1.57). The statistically significant association between internal migration and opportunity to drink was specific to females, whereas the associations between migration and regular use and disorder were statistically significant for males. CONCLUSIONS Despite high rates of internal migration worldwide, most research studying migration and alcohol use focuses on international migrants. Findings suggest that internal migrants are at increased risk to transition into alcohol use and disorders. Support services for internal migrants could prevent problematic alcohol use among this underserved population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dirgha J Ghimire
- Population Studies Center, Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Faith Cole
- Population Studies Center, Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Sabrina Hermosilla
- Population Studies Center, Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - William G Axinn
- Population Studies Center, Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Corina Benjet
- Epidemiology and Psychosocial Research, National Institute for Psychiatry Ramon de la Fuente Muniz, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
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Ojonuba HS, Abdul Rahman H, Zaremohzzabieh Z, Mohd Zulkefli NA. The Effectiveness of an Empowerment Education Intervention for Substance Use Reduction among Inner-City Adolescents in Nigeria. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:3731. [PMID: 36834427 PMCID: PMC9963347 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20043731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 02/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
(1) Background: Substance use among inner-city adolescents is at an alarming rate in Nigeria. Despite their high exposure to this risk, limited experimental tests have been conducted on prevention programs. (2) Methods: This study investigates the effectiveness of an empowerment education intervention in reducing the risk of substance use in Abuja's inner-city adolescents. Random selection placed adolescents into intervention and control conditions, and assessment was conducted at baseline, post-test, and 3-months follow-up intervention. After pre-test, the intervention group engaged in an empowerment education intervention of 11 sessions. (3) Results: In a post-test of three months, results show significant and positive changes among adolescents in substance use, including a notable reduction in positive attitudes toward drugs. In other words, the results showed adolescents reported less depression and substance use as well as higher peer support, parental support, social competence, and self-esteem at post-test and 3-month follow-ups as compared to the pre-intervention period. In addition, at both post-test and the 3-month follow-up, the intervention group performed better than the control group on peer support, parental support, social competence, and self-esteem. (4) Conclusions: This study presents a new indication that the empowerment education intervention effectively reduces substance use among Nigeria's inner-city adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Haliza Abdul Rahman
- Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia
- Institute for Social Science Studies, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia
| | - Zeinab Zaremohzzabieh
- Institute for Social Science Studies, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia
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Romano E, Sánchez M. A characterization of pre- to post-immigration alcohol use among recent Latino immigrants to the United States before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. ALCOHOL, CLINICAL & EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 47:296-307. [PMID: 36820792 PMCID: PMC9992164 DOI: 10.1111/acer.14993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Revised: 10/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although Latino immigrants to the United States tend to display a gradual increase in alcohol use after immigration, such escalation may not generalize to all Latino/a groups. This study examines patterns of alcohol use shown by recent Latino immigrants (RLIs) to Miami/Dade County (MDC), Florida covering a period from pre-immigration to the first two years after immigration. Differences in alcohol use prior to and during the COVID-19 pandemic were also assessed. METHODS Data came from an on-going longitudinal study of 540 young adult (50% female) RLIs. Inclusion criteria were age 18 to 34, residing in MDC and having immigrated from a Latin American country within the past year. Respondent-driven sampling was the primary recruitment strategy. RESULTS Recent Latino immigrants reported a decline in alcohol use from before immigration (18.3 drinks per month, d/m) to the first (13.9 d/m), and second years (10.4 d/m before and 12.9 d/m during the pandemic lockdown) in MDC. The decline, which was moderated by RLIs' sex and legal residency status, was halted by the pandemic lockdown. While "to celebrate" was the most often cited reason for drinking, "to forget" was often cited during the lockdown. CONCLUSIONS The noted decrease in alcohol use since immigration may reflect the unique array of support and resources available to RLIs in MDC. Nevertheless, some RLIs increased their alcohol use over time, particularly during the COVID-19 pandemic. This disparate impact of the pandemic on alcohol use calls attention to the need to identify the most vulnerable RLIs to MDC and develop targeted interventions for them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Romano
- Senior Researcher, Pacific Institute for Research and Evaluation, Beltsville, Maryland
| | - Mariana Sánchez
- Assistant Professor, Robert Stempel College of Public Health & Social Work, Florida International University, Miami, FL
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Romano E, Sanchez M. Early trajectories of cigarette and ENDS use among young adult recent Latino immigrants to U.S. J Ethn Subst Abuse 2023:1-23. [PMID: 36695045 PMCID: PMC10366335 DOI: 10.1080/15332640.2023.2167757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Background: Recent Latino immigrants (RLIs) to the U.S. have shown high smoking rates during their first year since arrival, raising concern about future escalation of tobacco use.Objective: To examine trajectories of cigarette and Electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) use among RLIs from pre-immigration (T0) through their first (T1) and second (T2) year in the U.S.Methods: Data originated from a longitudinal study of 540 (50% females) RLIs aged 18-34. Inclusion criteria was residing in Miami/Dade County (MDC), and having immigrated from a Latin American country within the past year. Trajectories were identified by using the Proc Traj procedure (SAS©, v 9.4).Results: Rates of cigarette use per month declined from 11.8 days/month in T0 to 4.9 d/m in T2. Rates for ENDS use however, increased from T0 (1.1 d/m) to T1 (1.8 d/m) and then lowered back to 0.9 d/m in T2. Four separate cigarette and e-cigarette use trajectories were identified. Only one of them showed increase in cigarette (10.6% of RLIs), and ENDS use (4.5% of RLIs). Being male, and not completing high school were significant factors in explaining smoking trajectories. Being younger than 30 years old was largely associated with ENDS use. No evidence of a substitution effect between cigarette and ENDS use was found.Discussion/Conclusions: Interventions to discourage tobacco use among Latino immigrants should begin early in the immigration process, aimed to preserve initial reductions and dissuade those at risk of increased tobacco use overtime.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Romano
- Senior Researcher, Pacific Institute for Research and Evaluation, Beltsville, Maryland
| | - Mariana Sanchez
- Assistant Professor, Robert Stempel College of Public Health & Social Work, Florida International University, Miami, FL
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Valente de Almeida S, Correa R, Gonçalves J. Can Intersectoral Interventions Reduce Substance Use in Adolescence? Evidence From a Multicentre Randomized Controlled Study. Int J Public Health 2022; 67:1604677. [PMID: 36090843 PMCID: PMC9458850 DOI: 10.3389/ijph.2022.1604677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: We measure the impacts of an intersectoral intervention tackling adolescent substance use implemented between 2017 and 2019 in a tri-border region of Brazil, Paraguay, and Argentina. Methods: The intervention involved 23 institutions from different sectors and 880 adolescents, equally split between randomly selected treatment and control classes across institutions. Treatment group students were involved in the co-development of activities to tackle substance use within their institutions. Both treatment and control group students benefited from the activities developed and implemented from the second year of the intervention. We use difference-in-differences models to measure the impacts of participation in the co-development of the activities on alcohol, tobacco, and cannabis consumption. Results: Adolescents involved in the co-development of activities are 8 pp less likely to consume tobacco and cannabis, and 13 pp less likely to consume alcohol (p<0.01), compared to those who only participate in the activities. Among cannabis users, frequent consumption is also reduced by the intervention. Peer frequency of consumption is strongly associated with individual consumption. Conclusion: Co-development of activities by the subjects themselves can be key to decreasing substance use in this very crucial stage of life, especially if the institutions and the implementers are familiar with the area and subjects of the intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Valente de Almeida
- School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- Nova School of Business and Economics, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
- *Correspondence: Sara Valente de Almeida,
| | - Rafael Correa
- Escola de Enfermagem de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Centro Universitário Assis Gurgacz, Cascavel, Brazil
- Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Judite Gonçalves
- Nova School of Business and Economics, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
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Murchland AR, Zeki Al Hazzouri A, Zhang L, Elfassy T, Grasset L, Riley AR, Wong R, Haan MN, Jones RN, Torres JM, Glymour MM. Estimating the effects of Mexico to U.S. migration on elevated depressive symptoms: evidence from pooled cross-national cohorts. Ann Epidemiol 2021; 64:53-66. [PMID: 34438024 DOI: 10.1016/j.annepidem.2021.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Revised: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Migrating from Mexico to the U.S. is a major, stressful life event with potentially profound influences on mental health. However, estimating the health effects of migration is challenging because of differential selection into migration and time-varying confounder mediators of migration effects on health. METHODS We pooled data from the Mexican Health and Aging Study (N = 17,771) and Mexican-born U.S. Health and Retirement Study (N = 898) participants to evaluate the effects of migration to the U.S. (at any age and in models for migration in childhood or adulthood) on depressive symptom-count, measured with a modified Centers for Epidemiologic Studies-Depression scale. We modeled probability of migrating in each year of life from birth to either age at initial migration to the U.S. or enrollment and used these models to calculate inverse probability of migration weights. We applied the weights to covariate-adjusted negative binomial GEE models, estimating the ratio of average symptom-count associated with migration. RESULTS Mexico to U.S. migration was unrelated to depressive symptoms among men (ratio of average symptom-count= 0.98 [95% CI: 0.89, 1.08]) and women (ratio of average symptom-count = 1.00 [95% CI: 0.92, 1.09]). Results were similar for migration in childhood, early adulthood, or later adulthood. CONCLUSIONS In this sample of older Mexican-born adults, migration to the U.S. was unrelated to depressive symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Audrey R Murchland
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, Los Angeles, CA; Department of Epidemiology, Harvard University T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA.
| | - A Zeki Al Hazzouri
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY
| | - Lanyu Zhang
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Public Health Sciences, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, MIA
| | - Tali Elfassy
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Public Health Sciences, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, MIA
| | - Leslie Grasset
- Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, Team VINTAGE, University Bordeaux, Inserm, Bordeaux, France
| | - Alicia R Riley
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Rebeca Wong
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Community Health and Sealy Center on Aging, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX
| | - Mary N Haan
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Richard N Jones
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI; Department of Neurology, Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI
| | - Jacqueline M Torres
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - M Maria Glymour
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, Los Angeles, CA
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Westrick AC, Sanchez M, Wang W, Cano MÁ, Rojas P, De La Rosa M. Alcohol use severity among recent Latino immigrants: Associations of acculturation, family history of alcohol use and alcohol outcome expectancies. J Ethn Subst Abuse 2021; 22:372-386. [PMID: 34346286 PMCID: PMC8814046 DOI: 10.1080/15332640.2021.1952126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Having a family history of alcohol (FH+) use is a well-documented risk factor for alcohol use and alcohol related problems. However, there are limited studies examining the impact of FH + on current alcohol use among Latino immigrants. This study aimed to determine the influence of having a FH + on current alcohol use among Latino immigrants and the influence of alcohol outcome expectancies (AOEs) and acculturation on this relationship. This is a longitudinal secondary data analysis of data from the Recent Latino Immigrant Study (RLIS), the first community-based cohort study to examine pre- to post-immigration alcohol use trajectories of young adult Latino immigrants. Linear mixed models were performed to assess the association between various pre- and post-immigration factors and alcohol use among Latino immigrants. There were 518 young adult Latino immigrants with 18.7% reporting a FH + with those with a FH + having higher mean AUDIT score compared to those without (4.74 vs. 3.81; p = 0.028). Positive AOEs were associated with increase AUDIT scores. FH + individuals with greater positive AOEs experienced higher AUDIT scores compared to FH- individuals. Family cohesion was protective against alcohol use while endorsement of Americansism was associated with increased alcohol use. Theses results provide the framework for more in-depth exploration regarding the influences of FH+, AOEs, and acculturation have on the alcohol use among Latino immigrants. Future longitudinal research studies should account for whether traditional cultural values mediate or moderate the relationship between a FH+, AOE, and alcohol use of Latino immigrants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashly C. Westrick
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Mariana Sanchez
- Florida International University, Center for Research on US Latino HIV/AIDS and Drug Abuse (CRUSADA), Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Weize Wang
- Florida International University, Center for Research on US Latino HIV/AIDS and Drug Abuse (CRUSADA), Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Miguel Ángel Cano
- Florida International University, Center for Research on US Latino HIV/AIDS and Drug Abuse (CRUSADA), Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Patria Rojas
- Florida International University, Center for Research on US Latino HIV/AIDS and Drug Abuse (CRUSADA), Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Mario De La Rosa
- Florida International University, Center for Research on US Latino HIV/AIDS and Drug Abuse (CRUSADA), Miami, Florida, USA
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Marsiglia FF, Wu S, Han S, Nuño-Gutierrez BL, García-Pérez H, Yabiku ST, Glick JE. Migration Intentions and Alcohol Use Among Adolescents in West-Central Mexico. CHILD & ADOLESCENT SOCIAL WORK JOURNAL : C & A 2021; 40:119-130. [PMID: 33814690 PMCID: PMC7997793 DOI: 10.1007/s10560-021-00756-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
This study explores the association between migration intentions and alcohol use among west-central Mexico adolescents living in high migration communities. This study used the baseline data from the Family Migration and Early Life Outcomes (FAMELO) project (N = 1286), collected in 2018. We used multiple imputations to address missingness and propensity score matching to reduce the selection bias. We also conducted subgroup analyses to compare gender difference (i.e., boys vs. girls) on the relationship between migration intention and alcohol use. The findings show that for the whole sample, youth with migration intentions had significant higher odds (OR = 1.78; p = .010) of having a lifetime drinking experience when compared to youth who reported no interest in living abroad, but this association remained significant only for boys (OR = 2.14; p = .010). This study makes an important contribution to our understanding of the etiology of migration intentions and alcohol use for adolescents living in sending migration communities. The findings have specific alcohol prevention, policy, and future research implications in Mexico and the U.S.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flavio F. Marsiglia
- Global Center for Applied Health Research, School of Social Work, Arizona State University, 411 N. Central Ave., Suite 800, Phoenix, AZ 85287 USA
| | - Shiyou Wu
- Global Center for Applied Health Research, School of Social Work, Arizona State University, 411 N. Central Ave., Suite 800, Phoenix, AZ 85287 USA
| | - SeungYong Han
- Edson College of Nursing and Health Innovation, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ USA
| | - Bertha L. Nuño-Gutierrez
- Centro de Estudios e Investigaciones en Comportamiento, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Mexico
| | | | - Scott T. Yabiku
- Population Research Institute and Department of Sociology & Criminology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA USA
| | - Jennifer E. Glick
- Population Research Institute and Department of Sociology & Criminology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA USA
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Ai AL, Petscher Y, Lemieux CM, Petscher ES, Clark J, Pappas A. Childhood Mistreatment, PTSD, and Substance Use in Latinx: The Role of Discrimination in an Omitted-Variable Bias. Int J Behav Med 2021; 28:602-615. [PMID: 33761115 DOI: 10.1007/s12529-021-09954-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/03/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Childhood mistreatment (CM) has been associated with adult posttraumatic disorder (PTSD) and substance use disorders (SUDs) in the general population. Few studies have examined the role of PTSD in the CM-SUD association among Latinx. This cross-sectional study evaluated a theory-driven conceptual model with a specific focus on the impact of perceived discrimination, which may interfere with these associations. METHOD Using a nationally representative sample and structural equation modeling (SEM), the study evaluated the mediation of PTSD in the CM-SUD link, adjusting for or omitting discrimination and other sociodemographic variables that are known predictors of Latinx behavioral health. Multi-subsample analyses were then conducted to review nativity differences (US-born = 924.43% and immigrant = 1630.57%). RESULTS The fully specified final model (model 1, covariates adjusted) failed to show a significant mediation of PTSD in the tested link, but a direct detrimental effect group of discrimination, for all Latinx. The mediation was only supported, when treating discrimination and other covariates as omitted variables (model 5), which also showed additional direct and indirect effect of CM on SUD. In subsample analyses, models of US-born and immigrant-Latinx subpopulations were identical but showed nativity differences when omitting covariates. CONCLUSION When discrimination and other covariates were fully adjusted, Latinx exposed to trauma were more likely to develop SUD in adulthood, regardless of when traumatic exposure occurred. This unexpected finding challenges theories explaining the CM-SUD connection, suggesting possible model misspecifications of parametric SES; namely, omitting the unique impact of perceived discrimination in Latinx can lead to biased results. From a clinical standpoint, both trauma and discrimination must be addressed when assessing Latinx behavioral health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy L Ai
- Departments of Social Medicine & Behavioral Health, College of Medicine, and Colleges of Social Work and Nursing, Florida State University (FSU), 2570 University Building C, Tallahassee, FL, 32306, USA.
| | | | - Catherine M Lemieux
- School of Social Work, Margaret Champagne Womack Professor in Addictive Disorders, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, USA
| | - Erin S Petscher
- An independent developmental psychologist, Tallahassee, FL, 32306, USA
| | - James Clark
- College of Social Work, FSU, Tallahassee, FL, 32306, USA
| | - Alexa Pappas
- Undergraduate Research Volunteer, FSU, FL, Tallahassee, 32306, USA
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Lim E, Davis J, Siriwardhana C, Aggarwal L, Hixon A, Chen JJ. Racial/ethnic differences in health-related quality of life among Hawaii adult population. Health Qual Life Outcomes 2020; 18:380. [PMID: 33298089 PMCID: PMC7724821 DOI: 10.1186/s12955-020-01625-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background This study examined racial/ethnic differences in health-related quality of life (HRQOL) among adults and identified variables associated with HRQOL by race/ethnicity.
Methods This study was conducted under a cross-sectional design. We used the 2011–2016 Hawaii Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System data. HRQOL were assessed by four measures: self-rated general health, physically unhealthy days, mentally unhealthy days, and days with activity limitation. Distress was defined as fair/poor for general health and 14 days or more for each of the other three HRQOL measures. We conducted multivariable logistic regressions with variables guided by Anderson’s behavioral model on each distress measure by race/ethnicity. Results Among Hawaii adults, 30.4% were White, 20.9% Japanese, 16.8% Filipino, 14.6% Native Hawaiian and Pacific Islander (NHPI), 5.9% Chinese, 5.2% Hispanics, and 6.2% Other. We found significant racial/ethnic differences in the HRQOL measures. Compared to Whites, Filipinos, Japanese, NHPIs, and Hispanics showed higher distress rates in general health, while Filipinos and Japanese showed lower distress rates in the other HRQOL measures. Although no variables were consistently associated with all four HRQOL measures across all racial/ethnic groups, history of diabetes were significantly associated with general health across all racial/ethnic groups and history of depression was associated with at least three of the HRQOL measure across all racial/ethnic groups. Conclusions This study contributes to the literature on disparities in HRQOL and its association with other variables among diverse racial/ethnic subgroups. Knowing the common factors for HRQOL across different racial/ethnic groups and factors specific to different racial/ethnic groups will provide valuable information for identifying future public health priorities to improve quality of life and reduce health disparities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunjung Lim
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, 651 Ilalo Street, Medical Education Building, Suite 411, Honolulu, HI, 96813, USA.
| | - James Davis
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, 651 Ilalo Street, Medical Education Building, Suite 411, Honolulu, HI, 96813, USA
| | - Chathura Siriwardhana
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, 651 Ilalo Street, Medical Education Building, Suite 411, Honolulu, HI, 96813, USA
| | - Lovedhi Aggarwal
- Department of Family, Population & Preventive Medicine, Stony Brook University Medical Center, HSC L3, Rm 086, Stony Brook, NY, 11794-8036, USA.,Department of Family Medicine, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, Family Medicine at the Physician Center at Mililani, 95-390 Kuahelani AVE, Mililani, HI, 96789, USA
| | - Allen Hixon
- Department of Family Medicine, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, Family Medicine at the Physician Center at Mililani, 95-390 Kuahelani AVE, Mililani, HI, 96789, USA
| | - John J Chen
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, 651 Ilalo Street, Medical Education Building, Suite 411, Honolulu, HI, 96813, USA
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De La Rosa M, Sanchez M, Wang W, Angel Cano M, Rojas P. Alcohol use trajectories of adult Latinx immigrants during their first decade in the United States. Addict Behav 2020; 106:106352. [PMID: 32145498 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2020.106352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2019] [Revised: 02/02/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite important research advances on the alcohol use behaviors of Latinx immigrants, the bulk of existing evidence has focused on alcohol use patterns after immigrant's arrival to the US. The present study examines pre- to post immigration alcohol use trajectories among Latinx immigrants of diverse national origins throughout their first decade in the United States. METHODS Data for this longitudinal study was collected between 2007 and 2017. At baseline, retrospective pre-immigration alcohol use data was collected on 527 Cuban, South American and Central American participants ages 18-34 who immigrated to the US less than one year prior. Three subsequent follow-up assessments over the past 10 years have collected data on post-immigration alcohol use. RESULTS Overall decreases in pre- to post-immigration alcohol use were found. Gender, income, and national origin were associated with distinct drinking patterns after immigration. CONCLUSION Findings underscore the importance of examining pre-immigration experiences among Latinx immigrants, in addition to longitudinal alcohol use patterns after immigration. This knowledge is important not only from an epidemiological perspective, but for the development of effective culturally relevant alcohol interventions targeting Latinx immigrants early in the immigration process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario De La Rosa
- Center for Research on U.S. Latino HIV/AIDS and Drug Abuse (CRUSADA), Robert Stempel College of Public Health and Social Work, Florida International University, 11200 SW 8th Street, AHC5-425, Miami, FL 33199, USA.
| | - Mariana Sanchez
- Center for Research on U.S. Latino HIV/AIDS and Drug Abuse (CRUSADA), Robert Stempel College of Public Health and Social Work, Florida International University, 11200 SW 8th Street, AHC5-425, Miami, FL 33199, USA; Department of Health Promotion & Disease Prevention, Robert Stempel College of Public, Health and Social Work, Florida International University, 11200 SW 8th Street, AHC5-411, Miami, FL 33199, USA.
| | - Weize Wang
- Center for Research on U.S. Latino HIV/AIDS and Drug Abuse (CRUSADA), Robert Stempel College of Public Health and Social Work, Florida International University, 11200 SW 8th Street, AHC5-425, Miami, FL 33199, USA.
| | - Miguel Angel Cano
- Department of Epidemiology, Robert Stempel College of Public Health and Social Work, Florida International University, 11200 SW 8th Street, Miami, FL 33199, USA.
| | - Patria Rojas
- Center for Research on U.S. Latino HIV/AIDS and Drug Abuse (CRUSADA), Robert Stempel College of Public Health and Social Work, Florida International University, 11200 SW 8th Street, AHC5-425, Miami, FL 33199, USA; Department of Health Promotion & Disease Prevention, Robert Stempel College of Public, Health and Social Work, Florida International University, 11200 SW 8th Street, AHC5-411, Miami, FL 33199, USA.
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Martinez-Donate AP, Verdecias N, Zhang X, Gonzalez-Fagoaga JE, Asadi-Gonzalez AA, Guendelman S, Amuedo-Dorantes C, Rangel MG. Health Profile and Health Care Access of Mexican Migration Flows Traversing the Northern Border of Mexico. Med Care 2020; 58:474-482. [PMID: 32028523 PMCID: PMC7155382 DOI: 10.1097/mlr.0000000000001300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The health of Latino migrants is most often studied with samples of immigrants settled in the United States or returned migrants in Mexico. We examine health outcomes and health care access of Mexican migrants traversing the Mexican border region to gain a better understanding of migrant health needs as they transition between migration phases. METHODS We used data from a 2013 probability survey of migrants from Northbound and Southbound migration flows in Tijuana, Mexico (N=2412). Respondents included Northbound migrants with and without US migration experience, Southbound migrants returning home from the United States or the Mexican border region, and migrants returning to Mexico via deportation. Descriptive statistics and regression models were estimated to characterize and compare their health status, behavioral health, and health care access across migration phases. RESULTS Northbound migrants with US migration experience, Southbound migrants from the United States, and deported migrants had worse levels of health insurance, health care utilization, and diabetes than Northbound migrants without US migration experience. Southbound migrants returning from the border reported worse self-rated health and deportees had higher odds of reported substance use compared with Northbound migrants without US migration experience. CONCLUSIONS Mexican migrants' health profile and health care access vary significantly across migration flows and generally are worse for migrants with US migration experience. The results add to our understanding of Mexican migrant health along the migration continuum and can inform services in sending, receiving, and intermediate communities.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Niko Verdecias
- Dornsife School of Public Health, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Xiao Zhang
- Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI
| | | | - Ahmed A. Asadi-Gonzalez
- School of Medicine and Psychology, Universidad Autonoma de Baja California, Tijuana, BC, Mexico
| | | | | | - Maria G. Rangel
- Border Health Commission, Mexico Section, Tijuana, BC, Mexico
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Levitt E, Ainuz B, Pourmoussa A, Acuna J, De La Rosa M, Zevallos J, Wang W, Rodriguez P, Castro G, Sanchez M. Pre- and Post-Immigration Correlates of Alcohol Misuse among Young Adult Recent Latino Immigrants: An Ecodevelopmental Approach. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:ijerph16224391. [PMID: 31717675 PMCID: PMC6888278 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16224391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2019] [Revised: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Latinos in the United States experience numerous alcohol-related health disparities. There is accumulating evidence that pre-immigration factors are associated with post-immigration alcohol use, but the explanation for health disparities remains unclear. The present study is a secondary analysis of data from the Recent Latino Immigrant Study (RLIS), the first community-based cohort study to examine the pre- to post-immigration alcohol use trajectories of young adult Latino immigrants during their initial years in the United States. Exploratory analysis and hierarchical multiple logistic regression were performed to assess associations between various pre- and post-immigration factors and alcohol misuse among young adult Latino immigrants early in the immigration process. Using an ecodevelopmental approach, we examined potential social and environmental determinants across multiple levels of influence associated with post-immigration alcohol misuse in this population. The study sample consisted of 474 young adult Latino immigrants between the ages of 18–34. The sample was comprised of the following national/regional origins: Cuban (43%), South American (28.7%), and Central American (28.3%). Approximately half of the sample (49.6%) reported a family history of substance use problems (FHSUP+). Participants who reported FHSUP+ and who engaged in alcohol misuse prior to immigrating to the US were more likely to engage in post-immigration alcohol misuse. Results revealed various social and environmental factors associated with pre-immigration alcohol misuse in this population. Study findings can inform culturally tailored prevention interventions aimed at mitigating problem drinking behaviors among young adult recent Latino immigrants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eli Levitt
- Department of Medical and Population Health Sciences Research, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA; (E.L.); (A.P.); (J.A.); (J.Z.); (P.R.)
| | - Bar Ainuz
- Department of Medical and Population Health Sciences Research, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA; (E.L.); (A.P.); (J.A.); (J.Z.); (P.R.)
| | - Austin Pourmoussa
- Department of Medical and Population Health Sciences Research, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA; (E.L.); (A.P.); (J.A.); (J.Z.); (P.R.)
| | - Juan Acuna
- Department of Medical and Population Health Sciences Research, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA; (E.L.); (A.P.); (J.A.); (J.Z.); (P.R.)
| | - Mario De La Rosa
- Center for Research on U.S. Latino HIV/AIDS and Drug Abuse (CRUSADA), School of Social Work, Robert Stempel College of Public Health and Social Work, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA; (M.D.L.R.); (W.W.)
| | - Juan Zevallos
- Department of Medical and Population Health Sciences Research, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA; (E.L.); (A.P.); (J.A.); (J.Z.); (P.R.)
| | - Weize Wang
- Center for Research on U.S. Latino HIV/AIDS and Drug Abuse (CRUSADA), School of Social Work, Robert Stempel College of Public Health and Social Work, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA; (M.D.L.R.); (W.W.)
| | - Pura Rodriguez
- Department of Medical and Population Health Sciences Research, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA; (E.L.); (A.P.); (J.A.); (J.Z.); (P.R.)
| | - Grettel Castro
- Department of Medical and Population Health Sciences Research, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA; (E.L.); (A.P.); (J.A.); (J.Z.); (P.R.)
| | - Mariana Sanchez
- Center for Research on U.S. Latino HIV/AIDS and Drug Abuse (CRUSADA), School of Social Work, Robert Stempel College of Public Health and Social Work, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA; (M.D.L.R.); (W.W.)
- Department of Health Promotion and Disease Prevention, Robert Stempel College of Public Health and Social Work, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA
- Correspondence:
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Gelpí-Acosta C, Guarino H, Benoit E, Deren S, Pouget ER, Rodríguez A. Injection risk norms and practices among migrant Puerto Rican people who inject drugs in New York City: The limits of acculturation theory. THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DRUG POLICY 2019; 69:60-69. [PMID: 31196730 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugpo.2019.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2018] [Revised: 03/12/2019] [Accepted: 03/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Among people who inject drugs (PWID) in New York City (NYC), racial minorities are disproportionately infected with HIV and hepatitis C (HCV). Prior research has shown that PWID who started injecting drugs in Puerto Rico (P.R.) tend to maintain the risky injection behaviors learned there. This study identifies the P.R.-native norms supporting the continued injection risk behavior of migrant Puerto Rican PWID in NYC to inform a culturally appropriate risk-reduction intervention. METHODS 40 migrant Puerto Rican PWID were recruited in NYC for a longitudinal qualitative study. The sample was stratified to include 20 migrants with <3 years in NYC and 20 migrants with >3-6 years in NYC. Time-location sampling was used to curb possible network bias in recruitment. Over 12 months, migrants completed semi-structured interviews at baseline, monthly follow-ups, and study exit. Analyses were guided by grounded theory. RESULTS Most participants (90%) reported having had chronic HCV, and 22.5% reported being HIV-positive. Syringe- and cooker-/cotton-sharing were widespread in both P.R. and NYC. The ubiquitous practice of cleaning used syringes by "water-rinsing and air-blowing" was guided by a normative belief, learned in P.R., that "water and air kill HIV." Sterile syringe use was not a priority. HCV was not a concern. P.R.-native abstinence-only narratives discouraged opioid agonist treatment (OAT) enrollment among recent migrants (≤3 years). Experiences with drug dealers, prison-power groups, and injection doctors ("Gancheros") in P.R. influenced migrants' injection risk behavior in NYC. Those who were Gancheros in P.R. continued working as Gancheros in NYC. CONCLUSIONS Injection risks make migrant Puerto Rican PWID in NYC vulnerable to HIV/HCV. Harm reduction programs should pay closer attention to the rationales behind these injection risks. A risk-reduction intervention that incorporates the Ganchero figure may be a credible way to help migrants reduce injection risk and accept OAT and syringe exchange programs (SEP).
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Affiliation(s)
- C Gelpí-Acosta
- LaGuardia Community College, City University of New York, 31-10 Thomson Avenue, Long Island City, NY, 11101, USA; National Development and Research Institutes, Inc. 71 West 23rdStreet, 4thFloor, New York, NY, 10010, USA.
| | - H Guarino
- National Development and Research Institutes, Inc. 71 West 23rdStreet, 4thFloor, New York, NY, 10010, USA.
| | - E Benoit
- National Development and Research Institutes, Inc. 71 West 23rdStreet, 4thFloor, New York, NY, 10010, USA.
| | - S Deren
- Centers for Drug Use and HIV Research, College of Global Public Health, New York University, 665 Broadway, 11thFloor, New York, NY, 10012, USA.
| | - E R Pouget
- Brooklyn College, City University of New York, 2900 Bedford Avenue, Brooklyn, NY 11210, USA.
| | - A Rodríguez
- National Development and Research Institutes, Inc. 71 West 23rdStreet, 4thFloor, New York, NY, 10010, USA.
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Donato KM, Caron L, Hamilton E. Migration and Mental Health in Mexico: Domestic Migrants, Return U.S. Migrants, and Non-Migrants. Front Psychiatry 2019; 10:970. [PMID: 32116812 PMCID: PMC7008711 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2019.00970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
In this paper, we use survey data from the Mexican Retrospective Demographic Survey (Encuesta Demográfica Retrospectiva) and National Survey of Households (Encuesta Nacional de Hogares) collected in 2017 to examine self-reports of depression, anxiety, chronic fatigue, and pain among domestic migrants, returned U.S. migrants, and non-migrants. Although self-reports do not always correspond to clinical diagnoses, they offer some insight into mental health, especially for those without a diagnosis because of limited access to services or stigma. Regression results reveal that domestic migrants, e.g., those who moved within Mexico, reported more anxiety, chronic fatigue, and pain, but risks for U.S. migrants were comparable to non-migrants, controlling for other characteristics. Findings from the decomposition analysis helps explain these findings. While domestic migrant vs. non-migrant differences result both from different migrant demographic attributes, such as age and gender, and differences in the effects of these characteristics between the groups, U.S. migrant vs. non-migrant differences in anxiety and pain emerge only after allowing for the relationship between each observed characteristic and the mental health outcome to vary. Thus, compared to domestic migrants, U.S. migrants are selected on characteristics associated with good mental health-they are positively selected-but those characteristics are not protective for them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharine M Donato
- Walsh School of Foreign Service, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Laura Caron
- Walsh School of Foreign Service, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Erin Hamilton
- University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
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Salas-Wright CP, Vaughn MG, Goings TC, Miller DP, Chang J, Schwartz SJ. Alcohol-related problem behaviors among Latin American immigrants in the US. Addict Behav 2018; 87:206-213. [PMID: 30055450 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2018.06.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2018] [Revised: 06/27/2018] [Accepted: 06/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prior research indicates that Latino immigrants are less likely than US-born individuals to use alcohol and meet criteria for an alcohol use disorder. However, our understanding of alcohol-related problem behaviors among Latino immigrants remains limited. We report the prevalence of alcohol-related problem behaviors among Latino immigrants vis-à-vis the US-born and examine the relationship between alcohol-related problem behavior and key migration-related factors and injury/receipt of emergency medical care. METHODS The data source used for the present study is the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions (NESARC-III, 2012-2013), a nationally representative survey of 36,309 civilian, non-institutionalized adults ages 18 and older in the US. Logistic regression was employed to examine the relationship between immigrant status and key outcomes. RESULTS Foreign-born Latinos were less likely to report one or more alcohol-related problems compared to US-born Latinos (AOR = 0.41, 95% CI = 0.33-0.50) and the US-born general population (AOR = 0.38, 95% CI = 0.32-0.46). Latino immigrants arriving as children were, compared to those arriving later in life, significantly more likely to report alcohol-related problem behaviors, and experiences of discrimination were linked with greater risk of alcohol-related problem behavior as well. Latino immigrants reporting recurrent injury/emergency medical care utilization were more likely to report alcohol-related problem behavior. CONCLUSIONS Latino immigrants are significantly less likely than US-born Latinos and the US-born general population to operate a vehicle under the influence of alcohol, take part in risky behaviors or fight while drinking, or to be arrested due to alcohol consumption.
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The Study and Prevention of Alcohol and Other Drug Misuse Among Migrants: Toward a Transnational Theory of Cultural Stress. Int J Ment Health Addict 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s11469-018-0023-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
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20
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Migration and depression: A cross-national comparison of Mexicans in sending communities and Durham, NC. Soc Sci Med 2018; 219:1-10. [PMID: 30339846 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2018.09.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2017] [Revised: 09/19/2018] [Accepted: 09/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Latino immigrants have been shown to average better health and longevity than native whites, in spite of their relative socioeconomic disadvantage. However, mental health outcomes stand in stark contrast to this epidemiological "paradox," as factors such as depression are significantly higher for Latino immigrants than other groups. OBJECTIVE We explore the link between migration and depressive feelings using a binational random survey of Mexicans in Durham, NC and sending communities in Mexico. METHOD Explanations for the link between migration and depression, such as acculturative stress, lack of social support, and powerlessness and isolation, are analyzed by comparing results for protective vs. risk factors between residents of Mexico and Durham, and among immigrants themselves. Besides, selection hypothesis is explored using propensity matching scores. RESULTS Results show little support for selection as an important source of migrant depression, and instead provide strong evidence that migration itself, and the disruption of social networks that it entails, is primarily responsible for the association. Family separation, in particular, is the strongest predictor of depressive feelings and accounts for a sizeable portion of the heightened depression among migrants. CONCLUSIONS Understanding the subjective experiences of migration is necessary to better integrate newcomers into host societies.
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Horyniak D, Pinedo M, Burgos JL, Ojeda VD. Relationships Between Integration and Drug Use Among Deported Migrants in Tijuana, Mexico. J Immigr Minor Health 2018; 19:1196-1206. [PMID: 27778138 DOI: 10.1007/s10903-016-0518-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Deported migrants face numerous challenges which may elevate their risk for drug use. We examined relationships between integration and drug use among deported migrants in Tijuana, Mexico. A cross-sectional survey conducted at a free health clinic included 255 deported Mexican-born migrants residing in Tijuana ≥6 months. Multivariable logistic regression examined associations between variables across four integration domains (public participation, social connections, macro-level facilitators and foundations) and recent (past 6-month) drug use. The prevalence of recent drug use was 46 %. Having sought work in Tijuana in the past 6 months, greater household affluence, lifetime history of incarceration in both US and Mexico, and lacking health insurance were independently associated with recent drug use. Policies that support access to employment, adequate housing and healthcare in Mexico, particularly for justice-involved deportees, may facilitate successful integration and reduce potential stressors that may contribute to drug use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle Horyniak
- Division of Global Public Health, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
- Centre for Population Health, Burnet Institute, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia
| | - Miguel Pinedo
- Alcohol Research Group, University of California Berkeley, Emeryville, CA, 94608, USA
| | - Jose Luis Burgos
- Division of Global Public Health, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Victoria D Ojeda
- Division of Global Public Health, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA.
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Leyva-Flores R, Gutierrez JP, Infante C, Gonzalez-Vazquez T, Magaña-Valladares L. Household wellbeing and health risks in Mexican households with and without migrants: a cross-sectional analysis. Public Health Rev 2018; 39:25. [PMID: 30083397 PMCID: PMC6069754 DOI: 10.1186/s40985-018-0096-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2017] [Accepted: 04/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Migration between Mexico and the USA constitutes the world's largest migration corridor with more than 13 million movements of people in 2016. Furthermore, Mexico has a complex migration profile, being a country of origin, transit, destination, and return. While there has been discussion on the relationship between migration and development of origin communities, evidence on social and health issues faced by origin households is limited. This case study is a first attempt at documenting, through analyzing a national representative health survey of Mexican households (n = 9474), the relationship between international migration from Mexico and origin household health characteristics. CASE PRESENTATION Mexican international migration moves largely (90% of migrants) toward the USA. Migration has passed from being mostly circular (from the early to late 1990s) to a permanent pattern of residence in the destination country due to changes in migration policies that have progressively restricted the irregular entrance of immigrants making re-entry more difficult.The present case study compares the socioeconomic, demographic, and health characteristics of households in Mexico with and without emigrants using data from a national representative health survey. Accordingly, in 2016, 5.8% (n = 1,802,980) of all Mexican households reported having a member living abroad.Households with members living abroad were found to more likely be headed by a female (45.8%), have Seguro Popular health insurance, and not to be among the poorest household population. In terms of health profile, a higher frequency of adults with a reported diagnosis of diabetes and/or hypertension (33.9 vs 21.7% for households with vs without emigrants, respectively; p = 0.067), and a higher severity of diabetes reflected a higher probability of hospitalization. CONCLUSIONS Results showed that socioeconomic, demographic, and health conditions differed between households with and without emigrants. These differences were determined as not being attributable to migration and cannot be considered as predisposing factors of migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- René Leyva-Flores
- National Institute of Public Health, Av. Universidad 655, Santa Maria Ahuacatitlan, 62100 Cuernavaca, Morelos Mexico
| | - Juan Pablo Gutierrez
- National Institute of Public Health, Av. Universidad 655, Santa Maria Ahuacatitlan, 62100 Cuernavaca, Morelos Mexico
| | - Cesar Infante
- National Institute of Public Health, Av. Universidad 655, Santa Maria Ahuacatitlan, 62100 Cuernavaca, Morelos Mexico
| | - Tonatiuh Gonzalez-Vazquez
- National Institute of Public Health, Av. Universidad 655, Santa Maria Ahuacatitlan, 62100 Cuernavaca, Morelos Mexico
| | - Laura Magaña-Valladares
- National Institute of Public Health, Av. Universidad 655, Santa Maria Ahuacatitlan, 62100 Cuernavaca, Morelos Mexico
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Cherpitel CJ, Li L, Borges G, Zemore S. Age at Immigration and Substance Use and Problems Among Males and Females at the U.S.-Mexico Border. J Stud Alcohol Drugs 2018; 78:827-834. [PMID: 29087816 DOI: 10.15288/jsad.2017.78.827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Although substance use and problems among Mexican Americans are associated with both immigration to the United States and living at the U.S.-Mexico border, little is known about relationships between age at immigration and substance use by gender within the border context. The purpose of this study was to analyze the association of age at immigration with heavy alcohol use, alcohol use disorders (AUD), and drug use among Mexicans Americans living both on and off the U.S.-Mexico border. METHOD Household surveys were conducted, using area probability sampling of 2,336 Mexican Americans (1,185 female), ages 18-65, living at the Texas-Mexico border in the metropolitan areas of Laredo and McAllen/Brownsville, and in the nonborder location of San Antonio. RESULTS Females immigrating before age 12 were less likely to report heavy alcohol use (odds ratio [OR] = 0.309), and those immigrating before age 21 were less likely to report any drug use during the last year compared with their U.S.-born counterparts (OR = 0.473; OR = 0.386, respectively). Males immigrating after age 20 were less likely to report heavy alcohol use (OR = 0.478), and those immigrating between ages 12 and 20 were less likely to report AUD (OR = 0.479) and drug use (OR = 0.255) compared with their U.S.-born counterparts. Early age at immigration (before age 12) was significantly associated with drug use for males living on the border compared with those living off the border. CONCLUSIONS Findings suggest that among females, immigrating before age 12 (vs. being born in the United States) is protective against heavy alcohol and drug use, but among males, immigrating before age 12 results in similarly heavy patterns of use as their U.S.-born counterparts, partially supporting previous findings that early immigration is particularly risky in relation to substance use and AUD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Libo Li
- Alcohol Research Group, Emeryville, California
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Childhood Abuse, Religious Involvement, and Substance Abuse Among Latino-American Men in the United States. Int J Behav Med 2017; 23:764-775. [PMID: 27098665 DOI: 10.1007/s12529-016-9561-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Childhood abuse/victimization and subsequent substance abuse are significant behavioral health problems among developed countries. In the United States (U.S.), however, few studies have examined whether this early trauma exacerbates adulthood substance abuse, viewed as a negative coping strategy, among Latino-American men. Furthermore, little is known about how collectivist cultural factors (i.e., ethnic identity, social support, and religious involvement), indicating potentially positive coping resources, were related to substance abuse in this largest minority-male population. METHOD We investigated Latino-American men (N = 1127) in a nationally representative U.S. sample, using logistic regression analysis adjusting known demographic and acculturation correlates. RESULTS The results identified considerably elevated rates of childhood physical abuse/victimization (35.7 %) and lifetime substance abuse (17.3 %). Childhood physical (not sexual) abuse/victimization was positively associated with lifetime substance abuse, alongside age, being U.S.-born, and perceived discrimination. Latino-American men with lifetime substance abuse reported more religious coping. CONCLUSION Findings may contribute to the design of culturally competent behavioral care.
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Chavez LM, Shrout PE, Wang Y, Collazos F, Carmona R, Alegría M. Evaluation of the AC-OK mental health and substance abuse screening measure in an international sample of Latino immigrants. Drug Alcohol Depend 2017; 180:121-128. [PMID: 28888151 PMCID: PMC5648606 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2017.07.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2017] [Revised: 07/28/2017] [Accepted: 07/31/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Early detection and intervention in primary care is integral to behavioral health. Valid, practical screening assessments are scarce, particularly for non-English speaking populations. We address this need by evaluating the psychometric properties of the Spanish version of the AC-OK Screen for Co-occurring Disorders for first and second generation immigrant Latinos in Massachusetts, USA, and Madrid and Barcelona, Spain. METHODS 567 Latino participants were recruited in waiting areas of clinics or by referral from Primary Care, Mental Health, Substance Use, and HIV Treatment Clinics, as well as Community Agencies. We use confirmatory factor analyses to evaluate the factor structure, correlation analysis to examine concurrent and discriminant validity, and receiver operating curves (ROC) to determine the ability of the AC-OK to approximate a composite of established instruments designed to measure depression, generalized anxiety, post-traumatic stress disorder symptoms, alcohol, and drugs (including benzodiazepines) as external criteria. RESULTS The original two factor structure was replicated in samples of Latino respondents in the US and Spain. Correlations with other measures followed the expected pattern. In both the US and Spain, ROC analyses suggested that the AC-OK scale was an adequate approximation to other specific measures of mental health (ROC=0.90) and substance abuse problems (ROC=0.83). CONCLUSIONS The Spanish version of the AC-OK Screen has good to excellent psychometric properties in both its subscales. These findings are robust across sites, gender, and type of clinic. We recommend its use for clinical research and for routine screening at treatment centers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ligia M. Chavez
- Behavioral Sciences Research Institute, University of Puerto Rico Medical Sciences Campus Río Piedras, PR 00935
| | - Patrick E. Shrout
- Department of Psychology, New York University 6 Washington Place, Room 455 New York, NY 10003
| | - Ye Wang
- Disparities Research Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School,50 Staniford St. Suite 830 Boston, MA 02114, USA.
| | - Francisco Collazos
- Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Paseo de la Vall d'Hebron, 119-129, 08035 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Rodrigo Carmona
- Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Avda. Reyes Católicos, 2, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Margarita Alegría
- Disparities Research Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School,50 Staniford St. Suite 830 Boston, MA 02114, USA.
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Martinez MJ, Huang S, Estrada Y, Sutton MY, Prado G. The Relationship Between Acculturation, Ecodevelopment, and Substance Use Among Hispanic Adolescents. THE JOURNAL OF EARLY ADOLESCENCE 2017; 37:948-974. [PMID: 28798506 PMCID: PMC5548136 DOI: 10.1177/0272431616636228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Using structural equation modeling, we examined the relationship of Hispanicism on recent substance use and whether Americanism moderated the effect in a sample of 1,141 Hispanic adolescents. The Bicultural Involvement Questionnaire (BIQ) was used to determine the degree of individual comfort in both Hispanic (Hispanicism) and American (Americanism) cultures. Hispanicism was associated with greater family functioning (β = 0.36, p < .05) and school bonding (β = 0.31, p < .01); Americanism moderated the effect of Hispanicism on substance use (β = 0.92, p < .01). Findings suggest that Hispanic culture was protective against substance use, however those effects differed depending on level of Americanism.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Shi Huang
- Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University
| | | | - Madeline Y. Sutton
- Division of HIV/AIDS Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
| | - Guillermo Prado
- Center for Family Studies, University of Miami
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Miami
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HIV Risk Behaviors and Correlates of Inconsistent Condom Use Among Substance Using Migrants at the Mexico/Guatemala Border. AIDS Behav 2017; 21:2033-2045. [PMID: 28238120 DOI: 10.1007/s10461-017-1726-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
This study assessed correlates of inconsistent condom use with casual partners and the prevalence of sexual risk behaviors and STIs in the Mexico/Guatemala border region using a sample of 392 migrants (303 men, 85 women) who reported current substance use or problem drinking. We ran separate univariate logistic regression models for men and women, and multivariate logistic regression models for men only. Prevalence of syphilis was 1.2% among women and 2.3% among men; HIV prevalence was 2.4% among women and 1.3% among men. Inconsistent condom use with casual partners was higher in women with greater education and lower among women who sold sex. In men, less access to free condoms, drug use with sexual partners, and drug use before sex were independently associated with inconsistent condom use with casual partners. Sexual and substance use risk behaviors were common, and HIV/STI prevention efforts should target both genders and expand beyond most-at risk populations.
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Pignon B, Geoffroy PA, Thomas P, Roelandt JL, Rolland B, Morgan C, Vaiva G, Amad A. Prevalence and clinical severity of mood disorders among first-, second- and third-generation migrants. J Affect Disord 2017; 210:174-180. [PMID: 28049102 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2016.12.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2016] [Revised: 10/27/2016] [Accepted: 12/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The role of migration as a risk factor remains unknown for mood disorders because of poor data. We sought to examine the prevalence and severity of mood disorders (bipolar disorder (BD), unipolar depressive disorder (UDD) and dysthymia) in first, second, and third generation migrants in France. METHODS The Mental Health in the General Population survey interviewed 38,694 individuals. The prevalence of lifetime mood disorders, comorbidities, and clinical features was compared between migrants and non-migrants and by generation. All analyses were adjusted for age, sex and level of education. RESULTS The prevalence of any lifetime mood disorder was higher in migrants compared with non-migrants (OR = 1.36, 95% CI [1.27 - 1.45]). This increased prevalence was significant for UDD (OR = 1.44, 95% CI [1.34 - 1.54]), but not for BD (OR = 1.15, 95% CI [0.96 - 1.36]) or dysthymia (OR = 1.09, 95% CI [0.94 - 1.27]), although the prevalence of BD was increased in the third generation (OR = 1.27, 95% CI [1.01 - 1.60]). Migrants with BD or UDD were more likely to display a comorbid psychotic disorder compared to non-migrants with BD or UDD. Cannabis-use disorders were more common in migrant groups for the 3 mood disorders, whereas alcohol-use disorders were higher in migrants with UDD. Posttraumatic stress disorder was more frequent among migrants with UDD. LIMITATIONS The study used cross-sectional prevalence data and could be biased by differences in the course of disease according to migrant status. Moreover, this design does not allow causality conclusion or generalization of the main findings. CONCLUSION Mood disorders are more common among migrants, especially UDD. Moreover, migrants with mood disorders presented with a more severe profile, with increased rates of psychotic and substance-use disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baptiste Pignon
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, CHU LILLE, UMR9193-PsychiC-SCALab, UMR9193-PsychiC-SCALab, Psychiatry Department, F-59000 Lille, France.
| | - Pierre Alexis Geoffroy
- Inserm, U1144, Paris F-75006, France; Paris Descartes University, UMR-S 1144, Paris F-75006, France; Paris Diderot University, Sorbonne Paris Cité, UMR-S 1144, Paris F-75013, France; AP-HP, GH Saint-Louis - Lariboisière - F. Widal, Psychiatry and Addiction Medicine Department, 75475 Paris Cedex 10, France
| | - Pierre Thomas
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, CHU LILLE, UMR9193-PsychiC-SCALab, UMR9193-PsychiC-SCALab, Psychiatry Department, F-59000 Lille, France; Federation of Mental Health Research, Lille, France; INSERM 1123, Equipe ECEVE, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Luc Roelandt
- World Health Organization Collaborative Centre (WHO-CC), EPSM Lille-Metropole, Lille, France; INSERM 1123, Equipe ECEVE, Paris, France
| | - Benjamin Rolland
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, CHU LILLE, UMR9193-PsychiC-SCALab, UMR9193-PsychiC-SCALab, Psychiatry Department, F-59000 Lille, France; Univ. Lille, INSERM, CHU LILLE, U1171, Department of Addiction Medicine - Addiction Consultation Liaison Unit, Pôle de Psychiatrie, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Craig Morgan
- King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, London, UK
| | - Guillaume Vaiva
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, CHU LILLE, UMR9193-PsychiC-SCALab, UMR9193-PsychiC-SCALab, Psychiatry Department, F-59000 Lille, France; Federation of Mental Health Research, Lille, France
| | - Ali Amad
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, CHU LILLE, UMR9193-PsychiC-SCALab, UMR9193-PsychiC-SCALab, Psychiatry Department, F-59000 Lille, France; King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, London, UK
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Gelberg L, Natera G, Andersen RM, Arroyo M, Bojorquez I, Rico MW, Vahidi M, Yacenda-Murphy J, Arangua L, Serota M. Prevalence of Substance Use Among Patients of Community Health Centers in East Los Angeles and Tijuana. Subst Use Misuse 2017; 52:359-372. [PMID: 28001094 PMCID: PMC6003777 DOI: 10.1080/10826084.2016.1227848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Given the increased use of psychoactive substances on the United States-Mexico border, a binational study (Tijuana, Mexico-Los Angeles, USA) was conducted to identify the prevalence of substance use in primary care settings. OBJECTIVES To compare the prevalence and characteristics of patients at risk for substance use disorders in Tijuana and East Los Angeles (LA) community clinics with special attention paid to drug use. METHODS This was an observational, cross-sectional, analytical study, comparing substance use screening results from patients in Tijuana and LA. The settings were 2 community clinics in LA and 6 in Tijuana. Participants were 2,507 adult patients in LA and 2,890 in Tijuana eligible for WHO Alcohol, Smoking and Substance Involvement Screening Test (ASSIST) screening during March-October 2013. Patients anonymously self-administered the WHO ASSIST on a tablet PC in the clinic waiting rooms. RESULTS Of eligible patients, 96.4% completed the ASSIST in Tijuana and 88.7% in LA (mean 1.34 minutes and 4.20 minutes, respectively). The prevalence of patients with moderate-to-high substance use was higher in LA than Tijuana for each substance: drugs 19.4% vs. 5.7%, alcohol 15.2% vs. 6.5%, tobacco 20.4% vs. 16.2%. LA patients born in Mexico had 2x the odds and LA patients born in the United States had 6x the odds of being a moderate-to-high drug user compared to Tijuana patients born in Mexico. CONCLUSIONS Moderate-to-high drug use is higher in LA than in Tijuana but rates are sufficiently high in both to suggest that screening for drug use (along with alcohol and tobacco use) should be integrated into routine primary care of community clinics in both cities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lillian Gelberg
- University of California, Los Angeles Department of Family Medicine
- University of California, Los Angeles School of Public Health
| | | | | | - Miriam Arroyo
- National Institute of Psychiatry Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz
| | - Ietza Bojorquez
- El Colegio de la Frontera Norte Department of Population Studies
| | - Melvin W. Rico
- University of California, Los Angeles Department of Family Medicine
| | - Mani Vahidi
- University of California, Los Angeles Department of Family Medicine
| | | | - Lisa Arangua
- University of California, Los Angeles Department of Family Medicine
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Flórez KR, Derose KP, Breslau J, Griffin BA, Haas AC, Kanouse DE, Stucky BD, Williams MV. Acculturation and Drug Use Stigma Among Latinos and African Americans: An Examination of a Church-Based Sample. J Immigr Minor Health 2017; 17:1607-14. [PMID: 25612923 DOI: 10.1007/s10903-015-0161-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Substance use patterns among Latinos likely reflect changes in attitudes resulting from acculturation, but little is known about Latinos' attitudes regarding drug addiction. We surveyed a church-based sample of Latinos and African Americans (N = 1,235) about attitudes toward drug addiction and socio-demographics. Linear regression models compared Latino subgroups with African-Americans. In adjusted models, Latinos had significantly higher drug addiction stigma scores compared to African Americans across all subgroups (US-born Latinos, β = 0.22, p < .05; foreign-born Latinos with high English proficiency, β = 0.30, p < .05; and foreign-born Latinos with low English proficiency, β = 0.49, p < .001). Additionally, Latinos with low English proficiency had significantly higher mean levels of drug use stigma compared Latinos with high proficiency (both foreign-born and US-born). In this church-affiliated sample, Latinos' drug addiction stigma decreases with acculturation, but remains higher among the most acculturated Latinos compared to African-Americans. These attitudes may pose a barrier to treatment for Latino drug users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen R Flórez
- Health Program, RAND Corporation, 1776 Main Street, Santa Monica, CA, 90407-2138, USA.
| | - Kathryn Pitkin Derose
- Health Program, RAND Corporation, 1776 Main Street, Santa Monica, CA, 90407-2138, USA
| | | | | | | | - David E Kanouse
- Health Program, RAND Corporation, 1776 Main Street, Santa Monica, CA, 90407-2138, USA
| | - Brian D Stucky
- Health Program, RAND Corporation, 1776 Main Street, Santa Monica, CA, 90407-2138, USA
| | - Malcolm V Williams
- Health Program, RAND Corporation, 1776 Main Street, Santa Monica, CA, 90407-2138, USA
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Zhang X, Martinez-Donate AP, Nobles J, Hovell MF, Rangel MG, Rhoads NM. Substance Use Across Different Phases of the Migration Process: A Survey of Mexican Migrants Flows. J Immigr Minor Health 2017; 17:1746-57. [PMID: 25595206 DOI: 10.1007/s10903-014-0109-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
This study examined the levels of substance use and changes across different migration stages, including pre-departure, travel, destination, and return, among Mexican migrants converging on the US-Mexico border. A cross-sectional survey was conducted in Tijuana, Mexico, between 2009 and 2010 among Mexican migrants returning from the US and those travelling from other Mexican regions. The overall prevalence of last 12-month at-risk drinking, illicit drug use, and current smoking, was 42.3, 17.7 and 31.4%, respectively. Compared to pre-departure migrants, males were at increased risk for illicit drug use at the destination and return stages. In contrast, females' alcohol consumption at the destination stage was lower than at pre-departure (p < 0.05). The level of smoking was stable across all stages for both genders. In the destination stage, undocumented migrants were more likely to use illicit drugs relative to their documented peers (p < 0.05). Binational interventions promoting substance use reduction are needed among this mobile population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Zhang
- Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 610 N. Walnut St., 630 WARF, Madison, WI, 53726, USA
| | - Ana P Martinez-Donate
- Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 610 N. Walnut St., 605 WARF, Madison, WI, 53726, USA.
| | - Jenna Nobles
- Department of Sociology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 4406 Sewell Social Sciences, 1180 Observatory Dr., Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Melbourne F Hovell
- Center for Behavioral Epidemiology and Community Health, San Diego State University, 9245 Sky Park Ct., Suite 230, San Diego, CA, 92123, USA
| | - Maria Gudelia Rangel
- Departamento de Estudios de Poblacion, El Colegio de la Frontera Norte, Tijuana, Mexico
| | - Natalie M Rhoads
- Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 610 N. Walnut St., 632 WARF, Madison, WI, 53726, USA
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Chartier KG, Thomas NS, Kendler KS. Interrelationship between family history of alcoholism and generational status in the prediction of alcohol dependence in US Hispanics. Psychol Med 2017; 47:137-147. [PMID: 27681653 PMCID: PMC5695542 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291716002105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Both a family history of alcoholism and migration-related factors like US v. foreign nativity increase the risk for developing alcohol use disorders in Hispanic Americans. For this study, we integrated these two lines of research to test whether the relationship between familial alcoholism and alcohol dependence changes with successive generations in the United States. METHOD Data were from the waves 1 and 2 National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions (NESARC). Subjects self-identified Hispanic ethnicity (N = 4122; n = 1784 first, n = 1169 second, and n = 1169 third or later generation) and reported ever consuming ⩾12 drinks in a 1-year period. A family history of alcoholism was assessed in first- and second-degree relatives. Analyses predicting the number of alcohol dependence symptoms were path models. RESULTS Alcohol dependence symptoms were associated with a stronger family history of alcoholism and later generational status. There was a significant interaction effect between familial alcoholism and generational status; the relationship of familial alcoholism with alcohol dependence symptoms increased significantly with successive generations in the United States, more strongly in women than men. Acculturation partially mediated the interaction effect between familial alcoholism and generational status on alcohol dependence, although not in the expected direction. CONCLUSIONS Familial alcoholism interacted with generational status in predicting alcohol dependence symptoms in US Hispanic drinkers. This relationship suggests that heritability for alcoholism is influenced by a higher-order environmental factor, likely characterized by a relaxing of social restrictions on drinking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen G. Chartier
- Virginia Commonwealth University School of Social Work, Richmond, VA
- Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Richmond, VA
| | | | - Kenneth S. Kendler
- Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Richmond, VA
- Virginia Commonwealth University, Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Richmond, VA
- Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Richmond, VA
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A Longitudinal Study of Cultural Adaptation among Mexican and Dominican Immigrant Women. JOURNAL OF INTERNATIONAL MIGRATION AND INTEGRATION 2016; 17:1049-1063. [PMID: 28025594 DOI: 10.1007/s12134-015-0449-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The present longitudinal study examined cultural adaptation (i.e., acculturation and enculturation) and its correlates in a sample of 189 Mexican and Dominican immigrant women. Acculturation and enculturation were measured within the domains of language competence, identity and cultural knowledge at two time points over a one-year period. Across groups and domains, cultural adaptation was generally stable over time; only American cultural knowledge showed change, and only for MA women. Several correlates of cultural adaptation were identified. For Mexican women, living in poverty and in immigrant-dense neighborhoods was associated with lower acculturation. For Dominican women, age at immigration was the most robust correlate and was associated with more acculturation and less enculturation, though poverty and neighborhood characteristics emerged as significant for Dominican women too. Findings are consistent with the notion of cultural adaptation as a complex construct that is influenced by cultural context as well as individual immigrant characteristics.
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Rodriquez EJ, Stoecklin-Marois MT, Hennessy-Burt TE, Tancredi DJ, Schenker MB. Acculturation-related predictors of very light smoking among Latinos in California and nationwide. J Immigr Minor Health 2016; 17:181-91. [PMID: 23942990 DOI: 10.1007/s10903-013-9896-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The prevalence of light smoking has increased among Latinos. The purpose of this study was to identify demographic and acculturation-related factors associated with very light smoking, defined as smoking 1-5 cigarettes per day (CPD), among Latinos in California and nationwide. Latino smokers in the 2007-2008 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) or the 2009 California Health Interview Survey (CHIS) were analyzed. Logistic regression assessed factors associated with very light smoking. Among NHANES smokers, those born in Mexico or who lived fewer years in the US were more likely to be very light smokers than 6+ CPD smokers. Among CHIS smokers, those born in Mexico, in another Spanish speaking country, or who spent smaller percentages of their life in the US were more likely to be very light smokers. Findings from this study can be used to design tobacco control media campaigns that include very light smokers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik J Rodriquez
- Center for Tobacco Control Research and Education, University of California, 530 Parnassus Ave, Ste 366, Box 1390, San Francisco, CA, 94143-1390, USA,
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Gelpí-Acosta C, Pouget ER, Reilly KH, Hagan H, Neaigus A, Wendel T, Marshall D. Time Since Migration and HIV Risk Behaviors Among Puerto Ricans Who Inject Drugs in New York City. Subst Use Misuse 2016; 51:870-81. [PMID: 27100322 PMCID: PMC4862909 DOI: 10.3109/10826084.2016.1155616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Among people who inject drugs (PWID) in the United States, those who initiated drug injection in Puerto Rico (immigrant Puerto Rican PWID) engage in more injection and sexual risk behaviors, and have higher HIV incidence than non-Hispanic whites. OBJECTIVE Understand the persistence of these HIV behaviors. METHODS In a cross-sectional study conducted in New York City (NYC) in 2012 (National HIV Behavioral Surveillance), PWID aged ≥18 years were recruited using Respondent-Driven Sampling, interviewed, and tested for HIV. Participants were categorized into 5 different groups: (1) US-born non-Hispanic PWID, (2) US-born Puerto Rican PWID, (3) recent immigrant Puerto Rican PWID (≤3 years in NYC), (4) medium-term immigrant Puerto Rican PWID (>3 and ≤10 years in NYC), and (5) long-term immigrant Puerto Rican PWID (>10 years in NYC). We examined the relationship between time since migrating on sexual and injection risk behaviors among immigrant Puerto Rican PWID, compared with U.S.-born Puerto Rican PWID and US-born non-Hispanic PWID. Adjusted odds ratios (aOR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were estimated using logistic regression. RESULTS A total of 481 PWID were recruited. In adjusted analyses using US-born non-Hispanic PWID as the comparison group, syringe sharing was significantly more likely among medium-term immigrants; and unprotected sex with casual partners was more likely among recent and long-term immigrants. CONCLUSIONS The risk-acculturation process for immigrant Puerto Rican PWID may be nonlinear and may not necessarily lead to risk reduction over time. Research is needed to better understand this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Gelpí-Acosta
- LaGuardia Community College, City University of New York, 31-10 Thomson Avenue C-459-VV, Long Island City, NY 11101, U.S
| | - ER Pouget
- National Development and Research Institutes, Inc. 71 West 23 Street, 4 Floor, New York, NY 10010, U.S
| | - KH Reilly
- New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene, HIV Epidemiology and Field Services Program, Gotham Center 42-09 28 Street, 22 Floor, Long Island City, NY 11101, U.S
| | - H Hagan
- College of Nursing, New York University, 726 Broadway, 10th floor, New York, NY 10003, U.S
| | - A Neaigus
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, 722 West 168 Street, New York, NY 10032, U.S
| | - T Wendel
- Saint Ann’s Corner of Harm Reduction, 886 Westchester Ave, Bronx, NY 10459, U.S
| | - D Marshall
- John Jay College of Criminal Justice, New York, NY, USA 10019-1093, U.S
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Borges G, Zemore S, Orozco R, Cherpitel CJ, Ye Y, Bond J, Maxwell JC, Wallisch L. Co-occurrence of alcohol, drug use, DSM-5 alcohol use disorder, and symptoms of drug use disorder on both sides of the U.S.-Mexico border. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2016; 39:679-87. [PMID: 25833029 DOI: 10.1111/acer.12672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2014] [Accepted: 01/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The U.S.-Mexico border displays elevated rates of hazardous alcohol and drug use. Whether the co-occurrence of alcohol and drug use and disorders is also high in the border area is unknown. METHODS Data are from the U.S.-Mexico Study on Alcohol and Related Conditions, a cross-sectional survey of randomly selected respondents interviewed from 2011 to 2013. Participants included 1,690 Mexican Americans from Texas (572 in an off-border city and 1,118 from 3 border cities) and 1,293 Mexicans from Nuevo Leon and Tamaulipas (415 in an off-border city and 878 from 3 Mexican cities bordering Texas) who reported drinking in the last 12 months. Participants were interviewed regarding the prevalence of and risk factors for: (i) co-occurring hazardous alcohol use (5+/4+ at least monthly) and drug use (medical and illicit) and (ii) co-occurring presence of a DSM-5 alcohol use disorder (AUD) and 2 symptoms (hazardous use and quit/control) of drug use disorder (DUD symptoms). RESULTS Co-occurring hazardous alcohol and drug use was more common in the U.S. border cities (14.7%) than off-border (7.2%), but similar for Mexican border (1.2%) and off-border (1.4%) cities. Co-occurrence of AUD and DUD symptoms was likewise more common at the U.S. border (6.8%) than off-border (3.3%), as well as at the Mexican border (1.3%), compared to off-border (0.6%), but not statistically significant for Mexico. In models adjusting for demographics, mobility factors and exposure to the U.S. culture, border residence in both countries related to a nearly twofold increase in prevalence ratios (PRs) of co-occurring AUD and DUD symptoms (PR = 1.97, 95% CI = 1.36 to 2.85). CONCLUSIONS Increased rates of co-occurring AUDs and DUDs suggest an added negative impact on already difficult conditions of the border population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guilherme Borges
- Dirección de Investigaciones Epidemiológicas y Psicosociales and Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana , Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente, Mexico City, Mexico
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Pinedo M, Sim DEK, Giacinto RE, Zúñiga ML. An Exploratory Study of Internal Migration and Substance Use Among an Indigenous Community in Southern Mexico. FAMILY & COMMUNITY HEALTH 2016; 39:24-30. [PMID: 26605952 PMCID: PMC4661784 DOI: 10.1097/fch.0000000000000085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The primary aim of this study was to explore the association between internal migration experience within Mexico and lifetime substance use among a sample of 442 indigenous persons from Yucatan, Mexico. Adjusting for potential confounding, correlates of lifetime substance use were assessed among participants with and without internal migration experience. Internal migration to a tourist destination was independently associated with higher odds (adjusted odds ratio: 2.1; 95% confidence interval: 1.3-3.4) of reporting lifetime substance use. Findings suggest that environmental contexts of internal migration may be of importance in shaping vulnerability to substance use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Pinedo
- Division of Global Public Health, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA
- Alcohol Research Group, Emeryville, CA
| | - D. Eastern Kang Sim
- Division of Global Public Health, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA
- Graduate School of Public Health, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA
| | - Rebeca Espinoza Giacinto
- Division of Global Public Health, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA
- Graduate School of Public Health, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA
| | - María Luisa Zúñiga
- Division of Global Public Health, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA
- School of Social Work, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA
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Lee CS, Almeida J, Colby SM, Tavares T, Rohsenow DJ. Acculturation, hazardous drinking and depressive symptomatology among Hispanics enrolled in a clinical trial. ADDICTION RESEARCH & THEORY 2016; 24:69-79. [PMID: 26819573 PMCID: PMC4724423 DOI: 10.3109/16066359.2015.1072517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Among Hispanics in the U.S., lower acculturation level has been found to be protective against alcohol abuse and depression. However, this relationship may not hold within at-risk samples. The prevalence and co-occurrence of hazardous drinking and depressive symptoms and their relationship to acculturation were examined among Hispanics enrolled in a study to reduce heavy drinking. At enrollment, all participants reported past-month heavy drinking (one or more occasions of >4/5 drinks for females/males, and average weekly consumption >7/14 drinks per week). We explored whether gender moderated the effects of acculturation on hazardous drinking and depressive symptoms. METHODS Participants (N = 100) completed measures at baseline. RESULTS Eighty-nine percent of participants met criteria for hazardous alcohol use as assessed by the AUDIT and of those, 55% (n=49) also reported elevated depressive symptoms. Of those who reported elevated depressive symptoms, nearly all (94%) met AUDIT criteria for hazardous drinking. Acculturation was not related to hazardous drinking or depressive symptoms in the full sample. Highly acculturated women reported more hazardous drinking than less acculturated women. Acculturation was not associated with hazardous drinking in men, but less acculturated men reported higher levels of depression than highly acculturated men. DISCUSSION Depression should be assessed in alcohol interventions for Hispanics. Alcohol interventions should be tailored for acculturation level and gender to improve relevance and efficacy. Clinical Trial Registration #NCT01996280.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina S. Lee
- Department of Applied Psychology, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Suzanne M. Colby
- Center for Alcohol and Addiction Studies, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Tonya Tavares
- Department of Applied Psychology, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Damaris J. Rohsenow
- Center for Alcohol and Addiction Studies, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI, USA
- Providence Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Providence, RI, USA
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Borges G, Cherpitel CJ, Orozco R, Zemore SE, Wallisch L, Medina-Mora ME, Breslau J. Substance Use and Cumulative Exposure to American Society: Findings From Both Sides of the US-Mexico Border Region. Am J Public Health 2015; 106:119-27. [PMID: 26562124 DOI: 10.2105/ajph.2015.302871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We investigated whether Mexican immigration to the United States exerts transnational effects on substance use in Mexico and the United States. METHODS We performed a cross-sectional survey of 2336 Mexican Americans and 2460 Mexicans in 3 Texas border metropolitan areas and their sister cities in Mexico (the US-Mexico Study on Alcohol and Related Conditions, 2011-2013). We collected prevalence and risk factors for alcohol and drug use; Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition, alcohol-use disorders; and 2 symptoms (hazardous use and quit or control) of drug use disorder across a continuum of migration experiences in the Mexican and Mexican American populations. RESULTS Compared with Mexicans with no migrant experience, the adjusted odds ratios for this continuum of migration experiences ranged from 1.10 to 8.85 for 12-month drug use, 1.09 to 5.07 for 12-month alcohol use disorder, and 1.13 to 9.95 for 12-month drug-use disorder. Odds ratios increased with longer exposure to US society. These findings are consistent with those of 3 previous studies. CONCLUSIONS People of Mexican origin have increased prevalence of substance use and disorders with cumulative exposure to US society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guilherme Borges
- Guilherme Borges, Ricardo Orozco, and Maria Elena Medina-Mora are with Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría, México DF, México. Guilherme Borges is also with the Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, México DF. Cheryl J. Cherpitel and Sarah E. Zemore are with the National Alcohol Research Center, Public Health Institute, Emeryville, CA. Lynn Wallisch is with the University of Texas, Center for Social Work Research, Austin, TX. Joshua Breslau is with RAND Corporation, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Cheryl J Cherpitel
- Guilherme Borges, Ricardo Orozco, and Maria Elena Medina-Mora are with Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría, México DF, México. Guilherme Borges is also with the Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, México DF. Cheryl J. Cherpitel and Sarah E. Zemore are with the National Alcohol Research Center, Public Health Institute, Emeryville, CA. Lynn Wallisch is with the University of Texas, Center for Social Work Research, Austin, TX. Joshua Breslau is with RAND Corporation, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Ricardo Orozco
- Guilherme Borges, Ricardo Orozco, and Maria Elena Medina-Mora are with Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría, México DF, México. Guilherme Borges is also with the Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, México DF. Cheryl J. Cherpitel and Sarah E. Zemore are with the National Alcohol Research Center, Public Health Institute, Emeryville, CA. Lynn Wallisch is with the University of Texas, Center for Social Work Research, Austin, TX. Joshua Breslau is with RAND Corporation, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Sarah E Zemore
- Guilherme Borges, Ricardo Orozco, and Maria Elena Medina-Mora are with Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría, México DF, México. Guilherme Borges is also with the Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, México DF. Cheryl J. Cherpitel and Sarah E. Zemore are with the National Alcohol Research Center, Public Health Institute, Emeryville, CA. Lynn Wallisch is with the University of Texas, Center for Social Work Research, Austin, TX. Joshua Breslau is with RAND Corporation, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Lynn Wallisch
- Guilherme Borges, Ricardo Orozco, and Maria Elena Medina-Mora are with Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría, México DF, México. Guilherme Borges is also with the Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, México DF. Cheryl J. Cherpitel and Sarah E. Zemore are with the National Alcohol Research Center, Public Health Institute, Emeryville, CA. Lynn Wallisch is with the University of Texas, Center for Social Work Research, Austin, TX. Joshua Breslau is with RAND Corporation, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Maria-Elena Medina-Mora
- Guilherme Borges, Ricardo Orozco, and Maria Elena Medina-Mora are with Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría, México DF, México. Guilherme Borges is also with the Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, México DF. Cheryl J. Cherpitel and Sarah E. Zemore are with the National Alcohol Research Center, Public Health Institute, Emeryville, CA. Lynn Wallisch is with the University of Texas, Center for Social Work Research, Austin, TX. Joshua Breslau is with RAND Corporation, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Joshua Breslau
- Guilherme Borges, Ricardo Orozco, and Maria Elena Medina-Mora are with Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría, México DF, México. Guilherme Borges is also with the Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, México DF. Cheryl J. Cherpitel and Sarah E. Zemore are with the National Alcohol Research Center, Public Health Institute, Emeryville, CA. Lynn Wallisch is with the University of Texas, Center for Social Work Research, Austin, TX. Joshua Breslau is with RAND Corporation, Pittsburgh, PA
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Mancini MA, Salas-Wright CP, Vaughn MG. Drug use and service utilization among Hispanics in the United States. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 2015; 50:1679-89. [PMID: 26260951 DOI: 10.1007/s00127-015-1111-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2015] [Accepted: 08/04/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To examine illicit drug use and service utilization patterns of US-born and foreign-born Hispanics in the United States. METHODS Hispanic respondents 18 years and older in the NESARC were categorized as being of Mexican (n = 3,556), Puerto Rican (n = 785), Cuban (n = 346), Central American (n = 513), or South American (n = 381) origin. We examined lifetime prevalence of drug use and substance abuse treatment utilization patterns for US-born and Hispanic immigrants across subgroups. RESULTS Lifetime prevalence of drug use was greater among US-born Hispanics than Hispanic immigrants after controlling for age, gender, income, education, urbanicity, parental history of drug use problems and lifetime DSM-IV mood/anxiety disorders. Both US-born and immigrant Hispanic drug users were less likely than non-Hispanic white drug users to have utilized any form of substance abuse treatment (US-born AOR = 0.89, immigrant AOR = 0.64) and more likely to have utilized family or social services (US-born AOR = 1.17, immigrant AOR = 1.19). Compared to US-born Hispanic drug users, Hispanic immigrant drug users were less likely to have used any form of substance abuse treatment (AOR = 0.81) and were more likely to have utilized family or social services (AOR = 1.22). CONCLUSION Strategies to increase engagement and retention of Hispanic drug users in substance abuse treatment include increasing access to linguistically and culturally competent programs that address unmet family and social needs. Further studies examining differences in drug use and service utilization patterns within Hispanic subgroups are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael A Mancini
- School of Social Work, College for Public Health and Social Justice, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO, USA. .,Tegeler Hall, 3550 Lindell Boulevard, St. Louis, MO, 63103, USA.
| | | | - Michael G Vaughn
- School of Social Work, College for Public Health and Social Justice, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO, USA
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Alcohol use behaviors among indigenous migrants: a transnational study on communities of origin and destination. J Immigr Minor Health 2015; 16:348-55. [PMID: 24366542 DOI: 10.1007/s10903-013-9964-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The association between international and domestic migration and alcohol use among indigenous communities is poorly understood. We explored migration-related factors associated with alcohol use behaviors among an indigenous Mayan, binational population. From January to March 2012, 650 indigenous participants from the high-emigration town of Tunkás in the Mexican state of Yucatán (n = 650) residing in Mexico and California completed surveys. Multivariate logistic regression identified migration-related factors associated with alcohol use behaviors. US migration of shorter duration (<5 years) was independently associated with at-risk drinking (adjusted odds ratio (AOR) 2.34; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.09-5.03), as was longer-duration domestic migration (≥5 years) (AOR 2.34; 95% CI 1.12-4.87). Ability to speak Maya (AOR 0.26; 95% CI 0.13-0.48) was protective against at-risk drinking. Culturally appropriate alcohol use prevention interventions are needed for domestic and international indigenous Mexican migrants to address alcohol use behavior in the context of migration.
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Sordo L, Indave B, Vallejo F, Belza M, Sanz-Barbero B, Rosales-Statkus M, Fernández-Balbuena S, Barrio G. Effect of country-of-origin contextual factors and length of stay on immigrants’ substance use in Spain. Eur J Public Health 2015; 25:930-6. [DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/ckv144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Effect of immigration background and country-of-origin contextual factors on adolescent substance use in Spain. Drug Alcohol Depend 2015; 153:124-34. [PMID: 26094187 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2015.05.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2014] [Revised: 05/27/2015] [Accepted: 05/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The effects of adolescent- and parental-birthplace and country-of-origin contextual factors on substance use among adolescents with recent immigrant background (ARIBs) are poorly understood. We aimed to assess these effects and identify the main mediating factors in Spain. METHODS Participants were 12,432 ARIBs (≥1 foreign-born parent) and 75,511 autochthonous adolescents from pooled 2006-2010 school surveys. Outcomes were prevalence of use of alcohol, tobacco, cannabis, stimulants and sedative-hypnotics. ARIBs were classified by adolescent birthplace (Spain/abroad), whether they had mixed-parents (one Spanish-born and one foreign-born), and country-of-origin characteristics. Adjusted prevalence ratios (aPRs) and percent change expressing disparities in risk were estimated using Poisson regression with robust variance. RESULTS Compared to autochthonous adolescents, foreign-born ARIBs without mixed-parents showed significant aPRs <1 for all substances, which generally approached 1 in Spanish-born ARIBs with mixed-parents. The main factors mediating ARIBs' lower risk were less frequent socialization in leisure environments and less association with peers who use such substances. ARIBs' lower risk depended more on country-of-origin characteristics and not having mixed-parents than being foreign-born. Tobacco, cannabis and stimulant use in ARIBs increased with increasing population use of these substances in the country-of-origin. ARIBs from the non-Muslim-regions had a lower risk of using alcohol and higher risk of using sedative-hypnotics than those from the Muslim-region. CONCLUSIONS Among ARIBs in Spain, parental transmission of norms and values could influence substance use as much as or more than exposure to the Spanish context. Future research should better assess effects of adolescent- and parental-birthplace and country-of-origin contextual factors on substance use.
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Hispanic Subgroups, Acculturation, and Substance Abuse Treatment Outcomes. J Subst Abuse Treat 2015; 59:74-82. [PMID: 26362001 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsat.2015.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2014] [Revised: 07/20/2015] [Accepted: 07/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
This study explored Hispanic subgroup differences in substance use treatment outcomes, and the relationship of acculturation characteristics to these outcomes. Data were from a multisite randomized clinical trial of motivational enhancement therapy versus treatment as usual in a sample of Spanish-speaking substance abusers. Participants were Cuban American (n=34), Mexican American (n=209), Puerto Rican (n=78), and other Hispanic American (n=54). Results suggested that Cuban Americans and individuals with more connection to Hispanic culture had lower treatment retention. Hispanics born in the U.S and those who spoke English at home had a lower percentage of days abstinent during weeks 5-16, although Puerto Ricans born in the U.S. and Cuban Americans living more years in the U.S. had a higher percentage of days abstinent in weeks 1-4 and 5-16, respectively. Results may inform future hypothesis-driven studies in larger Hispanic treatment seeking samples of the relationship between acculturation and treatment outcome.
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Borges G, Zamora B, García J, Orozco R, Cherpitel CJ, Zemore SE, Breslau J. Symptoms of anxiety on both sides of the US-Mexico border: the role of immigration. J Psychiatr Res 2015; 61:46-51. [PMID: 25543519 PMCID: PMC4308435 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2014.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2014] [Revised: 11/21/2014] [Accepted: 12/04/2014] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Home to about 15 million people, the US-Mexico border area has suffered stresses from increased border security efforts and a costly drug war in Mexico. Whether immigration patterns add to increasing levels of anxiety for the Mexican population and the Mexican-origin individuals living in the US-Mexico border and near the border is unknown. We used the US-Mexico Study on Alcohol and Related Conditions (UMSARC), a cross-sectional survey (2011-2013) of individuals living in border and non-border cities of the US (n = 2336) and Mexico (n = 2460). In Mexico respondents were asked if they ever migrated to the US or have a family member living in the US (328) or not (2124), while in the US respondents were asked if they were born in Mexico (697), born in the US with no US-born parents (second generation, 702) or born in the US with at least one US-born parent (third generation, 932). The prevalence and risk factors for symptoms of anxiety using the Beck Anxiety Inventory (>=10) were obtained. Mexicans with no migrant experience had a prevalence of anxiety and adjusted prevalence ratio (PR) within the last month of 6.7% (PR = reference), followed by Mexicans with migration experience of 13.1% (PR = 1.8), Mexican-born respondents living in the US of 17.3% (PR = 2.6), US born Mexican-Americans of 2nd generation of 18.6% (PR = 3.3) and finally US born 3rd + generation of 25.9% (PR = 3.8). Results help to identify regions and migration patterns at high risk for anxiety and may help to unravel causal mechanisms that underlie this risk.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Beatriz Zamora
- Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - José García
- Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatria, Mexico City, Mexico
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Sanchez M, De La Rosa M, Blackson TC, Sastre F, Rojas P, Li T, Dillon F. Pre- to postimmigration alcohol use trajectories among recent Latino immigrants. PSYCHOLOGY OF ADDICTIVE BEHAVIORS 2014; 28:990-9. [PMID: 25243834 DOI: 10.1037/a0037807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The escalation of alcohol use among some Latino immigrant groups as their time in the United States increases has been well documented. Yet, little is known about the alcohol use behaviors of Latino immigrants before immigration. This prospective longitudinal study examines pre- to postimmigration alcohol use trajectories among a cohort of recent Latino immigrants. Retrospective preimmigration data were collected at baseline from a sample of 455 Cuban, South American, and Central American Latinos ages 18-34 who immigrated to the United States less than 1 year prior. Two follow-up assessments (12 months apart) reported on their postimmigration alcohol use in the past 90 days. We hypothesized (a) overall declines in pre- to postimmigration alcohol among recent Latino immigrants and (b) gender/documentation specific effects, with higher rates of alcohol use among males and undocumented participants compared to their female and documented counterparts. Growth curve analyses revealed males had higher levels of preimmigration alcohol use with steeper declines in postimmigration alcohol use compared to females. Declines in alcohol use frequency were observed for documented, but not undocumented males. No changes in pre- to postimmigration alcohol use were found for documented or undocumented females. This study contributes to the limited knowledge of pre- to postimmigration alcohol use patterns among Latinos in the United States. Future research is needed to identify social determinants associated with the alcohol use trajectories of recent Latino immigrants, as it may inform prediction, prevention, and treatment of problem-drinking behaviors among the largest and fastest growing ethnic minority in the United States.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Sanchez
- Center for Research on U.S. Latino HIV/AIDS & Drug Abuse (CRUSADA), Florida International University
| | - Mario De La Rosa
- Center for Research on U.S. Latino HIV/AIDS & Drug Abuse (CRUSADA), Florida International University
| | - Timothy C Blackson
- Center for Research on U.S. Latino HIV/AIDS & Drug Abuse (CRUSADA), Florida International University
| | - Francisco Sastre
- Center for Research on U.S. Latino HIV/AIDS & Drug Abuse (CRUSADA), Florida International University
| | - Patria Rojas
- Center for Research on U.S. Latino HIV/AIDS & Drug Abuse (CRUSADA), Florida International University
| | - Tan Li
- Center for Research on U.S. Latino HIV/AIDS & Drug Abuse (CRUSADA), Florida International University
| | - Frank Dillon
- Center for Research on U.S. Latino HIV/AIDS & Drug Abuse (CRUSADA), Florida International University
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Andreeva VA, Unger JB. Determinants of Host Society Acculturation and Its Relationship with Health Behaviors and Outcomes: A New Research and Intervention Framework. J Immigr Minor Health 2014; 17:1420-6. [PMID: 25225079 DOI: 10.1007/s10903-014-0104-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Host society acculturation (or reverse acculturation) is a complex, multifactorial process reflecting the attitude- and behavior-level impact of immigrants on the host society. However, this phenomenon has rarely been the subject of systematic research in the area of public health. Using qualitative and quantitative findings from different health behavior domains, we strove to identify potential individual- and environment-level determinants of host society acculturation. Next, we developed a context-driven multilevel public health research and intervention framework for the study of the relationship between host society acculturation and health practices and outcomes. The framework posits a number of associations to be evaluated by future multidisciplinary research nationally and internationally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina A Andreeva
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA,
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Guerrero EG, Villatoro JA, Kong Y, Fleiz C, Vega WA, Strathdee SA, Medina-Mora ME. Barriers to accessing substance abuse treatment in Mexico: national comparative analysis by migration status. SUBSTANCE ABUSE TREATMENT PREVENTION AND POLICY 2014; 9:30. [PMID: 25074067 PMCID: PMC4118628 DOI: 10.1186/1747-597x-9-30] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2014] [Accepted: 07/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Background We examined Mexican migrants’ perceived barriers to entering substance abuse treatment and potential differences by gender. Methods This study analyzed a subset of household data collected in Mexico in 2011 via the Encuesta Nacional de Adicciones (National Survey of Addictions). A sample of 1,143 individuals who reported using illicit drugs was analyzed using multivariate negative binomial models to determine direct and moderated relationships of gender, migrant status, and drug dependence with perceived barriers to accessing treatment. Results Significant findings included disparities in drug dependence by migrant status. Compared with non-migrant men, women who have traveled to the United States was associated with fewer (1.3) barriers to access treatment. Fewer barriers to access care were associated with individuals residing in other regions of the country, compared to those living in Mexico City. Conclusions Drug dependence, gender, migration status and regional location are factors associated with access to needed treatment. Implications for health care policy to develop treatment services infrastructure and for future research are discussed in the context of ongoing drug policy reform in Mexico.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erick G Guerrero
- School of Social Work, University of Southern California, 655 West 34th Street, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA.
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Blackson TC, De La Rosa M, Sanchez M, Li T. Latino Immigrants' Biological Parents' Histories of Substance Use Problems in Their Country of Origin Predict Their Pre- and Post-Immigration Alcohol Use Problems. Subst Abus 2014; 36:257-63. [PMID: 24960302 DOI: 10.1080/08897077.2014.932886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND No studies to date have assessed whether recent young adult (aged 18-34) Latino immigrants' biological parents' histories of substance use problems (BPHSUP) in their country of origin predict their alcohol use problems at pre- and post-immigration to the United States (US). METHODS BPHSUP in their country of origin were assessed via interviews conducted by bilingual Latino researchers with recent Latino immigrants primarily from Cuba and Central and South America recruited through respondent-driven sampling at the time of their immigration to southeastern US. Three waves of data were collected to document Latino immigrants' severity of alcohol use problems at pre-immigration and 2 annual post-immigration follow-up assessments. BPHSUP+/- status was used as a predictor of Latinos' (N = 452; 45.8% female, 54.2% male) Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) scores at pre- and post-immigration with age, education, and income as covariates as wells as odds ratios for AUDIT classifications of hazardous use, harmful use, and dependence. RESULTS BPHSUP+ status predicted Latino immigrants' higher AUDIT scores pre- and post-immigration by gender (P < .01) compared with Latino immigrants of BPHSUP- status, controlling for age, education, and income. BPHSUP+ status predicted odds ratios of 3.45 and 2.91 for AUDIT alcohol dependence classification for men and women, respectively. CONCLUSIONS This study documents that BPHSUP+/- status in their country of origin predict their young adult Latino offspring's severity of alcohol use problems pre- and post-immigration. These results may inform (1) community-based health care providers to screen recent young adult Latino immigrants for their BPHSUP+/- status and severity of alcohol use problems to redirect trajectories away from alcohol use disorders toward more normative post-immigration outcomes through culturally relevant prevention services and (2) future research advantages of differential susceptibility theory. Implications for future research and the need for replication studies in other geographic regions of the US are discussed.
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Psychosocial and contextual determinants of alcohol and drug use disorders in the National Latino and Asian American Study. Drug Alcohol Depend 2014; 139:71-8. [PMID: 24742864 PMCID: PMC4117235 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2014.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2013] [Revised: 02/13/2014] [Accepted: 03/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the U.S., Latino and Asian American immigrants and ethnic minorities may be at increased risk for alcohol and drug use disorders (AUDs/DUDs). The role of psychosocial and contextual characteristics as potential factors underlying this increased risk is unresolved. METHODS Participants include 4649 adults from the National Latino and Asian American Study. Logistic regression was used to determine the relationship between acculturation, acculturative stress, neighborhood characteristics, family characteristics, and discrimination and AUDs/DUDs. Models were stratified by age of immigration and ethnicity and controlled for demographic and mental health characteristics. RESULTS Overall, 9.6% of Latino and 4.1% of Asian participants met criteria for lifetime AUDs/DUDs. Acculturation, family conflict, and discrimination were positively associated with AUDs/DUDs (odds ratios [ORs] and 95% confidence intervals [95%CIs]: 1.80[1.54-2.09], 1.24[1.12-1.36], and 1.54[1.38-1.73]), while neighborhood safety and family cohesion were protective for AUDs/DUDs (ORs[95%CIs]: 0.75[0.66-0.85] and 0.79[0.69-0.90]). Acculturative stress and neighborhood cohesion were not related to AUDs/DUDs. The relationships between family conflict and family cohesion with AUDs/DUDs were attenuated after accounting for other psychosocial and contextual factors. These relationships were generally consistent across ethnic and age of immigration subgroups. CONCLUSIONS Factors such as acculturation, discrimination, and neighborhood safety, are robustly and largely universally related to AUDs/DUDs among first and later generation Latino and Asian immigrants. Further research is required to understand how and why these factors relate to risk of substance misuse, and to identify ways to apply these factors in prevention and intervention efforts.
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