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Opgenorth J, Mayorga EJ, Abeyta MA, Goetz BM, Rodriguez-Jimenez S, Freestone AD, McGill JL, Baumgard LH. Intravenous lipopolysaccharide challenge in early- versus mid-lactation dairy cattle. I: The immune and inflammatory responses. J Dairy Sci 2024; 107:6225-6239. [PMID: 38428491 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2023-24350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024]
Abstract
Cows in early lactation (EL) are purportedly immune suppressed, which renders them more susceptible to disease. Thus, the study objective was to compare key biomarkers of immune activation from i.v. LPS between EL and mid-lactation (ML) cows. Multiparous EL (20 ± 2 DIM; n = 11) and ML (131 ± 31 DIM; n = 12) cows were enrolled in a 2 × 2 factorial design and assigned to 1 of 2 treatments by lactation stage (LS): (1) EL (EL-LPS; n = 6) or ML (ML-LPS; n = 6) cows administered a single LPS bolus from Escherichia coli O55:B5 (0.09 µg/kg of BW), or (2) pair-fed (PF) EL (EL-PF; n = 5) or ML (ML-PF; n = 6) cows administered i.v. saline. After LPS administration, cows were intensely evaluated for 3 d to analyze their response and recovery to LPS. Rectal temperature increased in LPS relative to PF cows (1.1°C in the first 9 h), and the response was more severe in EL-LPS relative to ML-LPS cows (2.3 vs. 1.3°C increase at 4 h post-LPS; respectively). Respiration rate increased only in EL-LPS cows (47% relative to ML-LPS in the first hour post-LPS). Circulating tumor necrosis factor-α, IL-6, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)-1α, MIP-1β, and IFN-γ-inducible protein-10 increased within the first 6 h after LPS and these changes were exacerbated in EL-LPS relative to ML-LPS cows (6.3-fold, 4.8-fold, 57%, 93%, 10%, and 61%, respectively). All cows administered LPS had decreased circulating iCa relative to PF cows (34% at the 6 h nadir), but the hypocalcemia was more severe in EL-LPS than ML-LPS cows (14% at 6 h nadir). In response to LPS, neutrophils decreased regardless of LS, then increased into neutrophilia by 24 h in all LPS relative to PF cows (2-fold); however, the neutrophilic phase was augmented in EL- compared with ML-LPS cows (63% from 24 to 72 h). Lymphocytes and monocytes rapidly decreased then gradually returned to baseline in LPS cows regardless of LS; however, monocytes were increased (57%) at 72 h in EL-LPS relative to ML-LPS cows. Platelets were reduced (46%) in LPS relative to PF cows throughout the 3-d following LPS, and from 24 to 48 h, platelets were further decreased (41%) in EL-LPS compared with ML-LPS. During the 3-d following LPS, serum amyloid A (SAA), LPS-binding protein (LBP), and haptoglobin (Hp) increased in LPS compared with PF groups (9-fold, 72%, and 153-fold, respectively), and the LBP and Hp responses were more exaggerated in EL-LPS than ML-LPS cows (85 and 79%, respectively) whereas the SAA response did not differ by LS. Thus, our data indicates that EL immune function does not appear "suppressed," and in fact many aspects of the immune response are seemingly functionally robust.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Opgenorth
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011
| | - E J Mayorga
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011
| | - M A Abeyta
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011
| | - B M Goetz
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011
| | | | - A D Freestone
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011
| | - J L McGill
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Preventive Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011
| | - L H Baumgard
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011.
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Liu S, Yang T, Jiang Q, Zhang L, Shi X, Liu X, Li X. Lactate and Lactylation in Sepsis: A Comprehensive Review. J Inflamm Res 2024; 17:4405-4417. [PMID: 39006496 PMCID: PMC11244620 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s459185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Sepsis is a disorder of the immune response to infection or infectious factors with high morbidity and mortality in clinical settings. The lactylation of lysine residues, fueled by lactate, plays a pivotal role in its pathophysiology. In conducting a literature review on sepsis-related research, we employed a systematic approach to ensure comprehensiveness and accuracy. Initially, we conducted an extensive literature search through the PubMed database, utilizing a range of keywords including "sepsis", "lactate", "lactylation", and "epigenetic modification". The aim was to capture the most recent research related to the pathophysiological mechanisms of sepsis, metabolic disorders, and the role of lactylation. The results of the literature review revealed a close link between sepsis and metabolic dysfunction, particularly the pivotal role of lactylation in regulating immune responses and inflammatory processes. Lactate, not only an energy metabolic byproduct produced during glycolysis, affects the activity of various proteins, including those involved in immune regulation and cell signaling, through lactylation. In the context of sepsis, changes in the levels of lactylation may be closely associated with the severity and prognosis of the disease. In summary, lactylation, as an emerging type of epigenetic modification, provides a new perspective for the diagnosis and treatment of sepsis. Future research needs to further elucidate the exact mechanisms of lactylation in sepsis and explore its potential as a therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sijia Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory for Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology of Chongqing, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ting Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory for Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology of Chongqing, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qingsong Jiang
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory for Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology of Chongqing, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Liang Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory for Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology of Chongqing, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xinhui Shi
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory for Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology of Chongqing, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xin Liu
- Medical Research Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaoli Li
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory for Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology of Chongqing, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
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Schlapbach LJ, Ganesamoorthy D, Wilson C, Raman S, George S, Snelling PJ, Phillips N, Irwin A, Sharp N, Le Marsney R, Chavan A, Hempenstall A, Bialasiewicz S, MacDonald AD, Grimwood K, Kling JC, McPherson SJ, Blumenthal A, Kaforou M, Levin M, Herberg JA, Gibbons KS, Coin LJM. Host gene expression signatures to identify infection type and organ dysfunction in children evaluated for sepsis: a multicentre cohort study. THE LANCET. CHILD & ADOLESCENT HEALTH 2024; 8:325-338. [PMID: 38513681 DOI: 10.1016/s2352-4642(24)00017-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 01/14/2024] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sepsis is defined as dysregulated host response to infection that leads to life-threatening organ dysfunction. Biomarkers characterising the dysregulated host response in sepsis are lacking. We aimed to develop host gene expression signatures to predict organ dysfunction in children with bacterial or viral infection. METHODS This cohort study was done in emergency departments and intensive care units of four hospitals in Queensland, Australia, and recruited children aged 1 month to 17 years who, upon admission, underwent a diagnostic test, including blood cultures, for suspected sepsis. Whole-blood RNA sequencing of blood was performed with Illumina NovaSeq (San Diego, CA, USA). Samples with completed phenotyping, monitoring, and RNA extraction by March 31, 2020, were included in the discovery cohort; samples collected or completed thereafter and by Oct 27, 2021, constituted the Rapid Paediatric Infection Diagnosis in Sepsis (RAPIDS) internal validation cohort. An external validation cohort was assembled from RNA sequencing gene expression count data from the observational European Childhood Life-threatening Infectious Disease Study (EUCLIDS), which recruited children with severe infection in nine European countries between 2012 and 2016. Feature selection approaches were applied to derive novel gene signatures for disease class (bacterial vs viral infection) and disease severity (presence vs absence of organ dysfunction 24 h post-sampling). The primary endpoint was the presence of organ dysfunction 24 h after blood sampling in the presence of confirmed bacterial versus viral infection. Gene signature performance is reported as area under the receiver operating characteristic curves (AUCs) and 95% CI. FINDINGS Between Sept 25, 2017, and Oct 27, 2021, 907 patients were enrolled. Blood samples from 595 patients were included in the discovery cohort, and samples from 312 children were included in the RAPIDS validation cohort. We derived a ten-gene disease class signature that achieved an AUC of 94·1% (95% CI 90·6-97·7) in distinguishing bacterial from viral infections in the RAPIDS validation cohort. A ten-gene disease severity signature achieved an AUC of 82·2% (95% CI 76·3-88·1) in predicting organ dysfunction within 24 h of sampling in the RAPIDS validation cohort. Used in tandem, the disease class and disease severity signatures predicted organ dysfunction within 24 h of sampling with an AUC of 90·5% (95% CI 83·3-97·6) for patients with predicted bacterial infection and 94·7% (87·8-100·0) for patients with predicted viral infection. In the external EUCLIDS validation dataset (n=362), the disease class and disease severity predicted organ dysfunction at time of sampling with an AUC of 70·1% (95% CI 44·1-96·2) for patients with predicted bacterial infection and 69·6% (53·1-86·0) for patients with predicted viral infection. INTERPRETATION In children evaluated for sepsis, novel host transcriptomic signatures specific for bacterial and viral infection can identify dysregulated host response leading to organ dysfunction. FUNDING Australian Government Medical Research Future Fund Genomic Health Futures Mission, Children's Hospital Foundation Queensland, Brisbane Diamantina Health Partners, Emergency Medicine Foundation, Gold Coast Hospital Foundation, Far North Queensland Foundation, Townsville Hospital and Health Services SERTA Grant, and Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luregn J Schlapbach
- Children's Intensive Care Research Program, Child Health Research Centre, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia; Department of Intensive Care and Neonatology, and Children's Research Center, University Children's Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Paediatric Intensive Care Unit, Queensland Children's Hospital, Children's Health Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.
| | - Devika Ganesamoorthy
- Children's Intensive Care Research Program, Child Health Research Centre, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Clare Wilson
- Section of Paediatric Infectious Disease, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Sainath Raman
- Children's Intensive Care Research Program, Child Health Research Centre, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia; Paediatric Intensive Care Unit, Queensland Children's Hospital, Children's Health Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Shane George
- Children's Intensive Care Research Program, Child Health Research Centre, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia; Department of Emergency Medicine, Gold Coast University Hospital, Southport, QLD, Australia; School of Medicine and Dentistry and the Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Southport, QLD, Australia
| | - Peter J Snelling
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Gold Coast University Hospital, Southport, QLD, Australia; School of Medicine and Dentistry and the Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Southport, QLD, Australia
| | - Natalie Phillips
- Children's Intensive Care Research Program, Child Health Research Centre, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia; Emergency Department, Queensland Children's Hospital, Children's Health Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Adam Irwin
- Faculty of Medicine, UQ Centre for Clinical Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia; Infection Management and Prevention Services, Queensland Children's Hospital, Children's Health Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Natalie Sharp
- Children's Intensive Care Research Program, Child Health Research Centre, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia; Paediatric Intensive Care Unit, Queensland Children's Hospital, Children's Health Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Renate Le Marsney
- Children's Intensive Care Research Program, Child Health Research Centre, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Arjun Chavan
- Paediatric Intensive Care Unit, Townsville University Hospital, Townsville, QLD, Australia
| | | | - Seweryn Bialasiewicz
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The Australian Centre for Ecogenomics, and Queensland Paediatric Infectious Diseases Laboratory, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Anna D MacDonald
- Children's Intensive Care Research Program, Child Health Research Centre, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Keith Grimwood
- School of Medicine and Dentistry and the Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Southport, QLD, Australia; Department of Infectious Disease and Paediatrics, Gold Coast Health, Southport, QLD, Australia
| | - Jessica C Kling
- Frazer Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | | | - Antje Blumenthal
- Frazer Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Myrsini Kaforou
- Section of Paediatric Infectious Disease, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Michael Levin
- Section of Paediatric Infectious Disease, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Jethro A Herberg
- Section of Paediatric Infectious Disease, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Kristen S Gibbons
- Children's Intensive Care Research Program, Child Health Research Centre, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Lachlan J M Coin
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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Chen Z, Wei S, Yuan Z, Chang R, Chen X, Fu Y, Wu W. Machine learning reveals ferroptosis features and a novel ferroptosis classifier in patients with sepsis. Immun Inflamm Dis 2024; 12:e1279. [PMID: 38780016 PMCID: PMC11112629 DOI: 10.1002/iid3.1279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Sepsis is an organ malfunction disease that may become fatal and is commonly accompanied by severe complications such as multiorgan dysfunction. Patients who are already hospitalized have a high risk of death due to sepsis. Even though early diagnosis is very important, the technology and clinical approaches that are now available are inadequate. Hence, there is an immediate necessity to investigate biological markers that are sensitive, specific, and reliable for the prompt detection of sepsis to reduce mortality and improve patient prognosis. Mounting research data indicate that ferroptosis contributes to the occurrence, development, and prevention of sepsis. However, the specific regulatory mechanism of ferroptosis remains to be elucidated. This research evaluated the expression profiles of ferroptosis-related genes (FRGs) and the diagnostic significance of the ferroptosis-related classifiers in sepsis. METHODS AND RESULTS We collected three peripheral blood data sets from septic patients, integrated the clinical examination data and mRNA expression profile of these patients, and identified 13 FRGs in sepsis through a co-expression network and differential analysis. Then, an optimal classifier tool for sepsis was constructed by integrating a variety of machine learning algorithms. Two key genes, ATG16L1 and SRC, were shown to be shared between the algorithms, and thus were identified as the FRG signature of classifier. The tool exhibited satisfactory diagnostic efficiency in the training data set (AUC = 0.711) and two external verification data sets (AUC = 0.961; AUC = 0.913). In the rat cecal ligation puncture sepsis model, in vivo experiments verified the involvement of ATG16L1 and SRC in the early sepsis process. CONCLUSION These findings confirm that FRGs may participate in the development of sepsis, the ferroptosis related classifiers can provide a basis for the development of new strategies for the early diagnosis of sepsis and the discovery of new potential therapeutic targets for life-threatening infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhigang Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, School of MedicineTongji UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Shiyou Wei
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, School of MedicineTongji UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Zhize Yuan
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, School of MedicineTongji UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Rui Chang
- Medical Department, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, School of MedicineTongji UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Xue Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, School of MedicineTongji UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Yu Fu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, School of MedicineTongji UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Wei Wu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, School of MedicineTongji UniversityShanghaiChina
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Padovani CM, Wilson RM, Rodriguez A, Spur BW, Yin K. Resolvin D2 attenuates LPS-induced macrophage exhaustion. FASEB J 2024; 38:e23569. [PMID: 38551610 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202302521r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
Early in sepsis, a hyperinflammatory response is dominant, but later, an immunosuppressive phase dominates, and the host is susceptible to opportunistic infections. Anti-inflammatory agents may accelerate the host into immunosuppression, and few agents can reverse immunosuppression without causing inflammation. Specialized pro-resolving mediators (SPMs) such as resolvin D2 (RvD2) have been reported to resolve inflammation without being immunosuppressive, but little work has been conducted to examine their effects on immunosuppression. To assess the effects of RvD2 on immunosuppression, we established a model of macrophage exhaustion using two lipopolysaccharide (LPS) treatments or hits. THP-1 monocyte-derived macrophages were first treated with RvD2 or vehicle for 1 h. One LPS hit increased NF-κB activity 11-fold and TNF-α release 60-fold compared to unstimulated macrophages. RvD2 decreased LPS-induced NF-κB activity and TNF-α production but increased bacterial clearance. Two LPS hits reduced macrophage bacterial clearance and decreased macrophage NF-κB activity (45%) and TNF-α release (75%) compared to one LPS hit, demonstrating exhaustion. RvD2 increased NF-κB activity, TNF-α release, and bacterial clearance following two LPS hits compared to controls. TLR2 inhibition abolished RvD2-mediated changes. In a mouse sepsis model, splenic macrophage response to exogenous LPS was reduced compared to controls and was restored by in vivo administration of RvD2, supporting the in vitro results. If RvD2 was added to monocytes before differentiation into macrophages, however, RvD2 reduced LPS responses and increased bacterial clearance following both one and two LPS hits. The results show that RvD2 attenuated macrophage suppression in vitro and in vivo and that this effect was macrophage-specific.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina M Padovani
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rowan-Virtua School of Translational Biomedical Engineering and Sciences, Virtua Health College of Life Sciences of Rowan University, Stratford, New Jersey, USA
| | - Rachael M Wilson
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rowan-Virtua School of Translational Biomedical Engineering and Sciences, Virtua Health College of Life Sciences of Rowan University, Stratford, New Jersey, USA
| | - Ana Rodriguez
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rowan-Virtua School of Translational Biomedical Engineering and Sciences, Virtua Health College of Life Sciences of Rowan University, Stratford, New Jersey, USA
| | - Bernd W Spur
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rowan-Virtua School of Translational Biomedical Engineering and Sciences, Virtua Health College of Life Sciences of Rowan University, Stratford, New Jersey, USA
| | - Kingsley Yin
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rowan-Virtua School of Translational Biomedical Engineering and Sciences, Virtua Health College of Life Sciences of Rowan University, Stratford, New Jersey, USA
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6
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Dhillon BK, Kortbeek S, Baghela A, Brindle M, Martin DA, Jenne CN, Vogel HJ, Lee AHY, Thompson GC, Hancock REW. Gene Expression Profiling in Pediatric Appendicitis. JAMA Pediatr 2024; 178:391-400. [PMID: 38372989 PMCID: PMC10877506 DOI: 10.1001/jamapediatrics.2023.6721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
Importance Appendicitis is the most common indication for urgent surgery in the pediatric population, presenting across a range of severity and with variable complications. Differentiating simple appendicitis (SA) and perforated appendicitis (PA) on presentation may help direct further diagnostic workup and appropriate therapy selection, including antibiotic choice and timing of surgery. Objective To provide a mechanistic understanding of the differences in disease severity of appendicitis with the objective of developing improved diagnostics and treatments, specifically for the pediatric population. Design, Setting, and Participants The Gene Expression Profiling of Pediatric Appendicitis (GEPPA) study was a single-center prospective exploratory diagnostic study with transcriptomic profiling of peripheral blood collected from a cohort of children aged 5 to 17 years with abdominal pain and suspected appendicitis between November 2016 and April 2017 at the Alberta Children's Hospital in Calgary, Alberta, Canada, with data analysis reported in August 2023. There was no patient follow-up in this study. Exposure SA, PA, or nonappendicitis abdominal pain. Main Outcomes and Measures Blood transcriptomics was used to develop a hypothesis of underlying mechanistic differences between SA and PA to build mechanistic hypotheses and blood-based diagnostics. Results Seventy-one children (mean [SD] age, 11.8 [3.0] years; 48 [67.6%] male) presenting to the emergency department with abdominal pain and suspected appendicitis were investigated using whole-blood transcriptomics. A central role for immune system pathways was revealed in PA, including a dampening of major innate interferon responses. Gene expression changes in patients with PA were consistent with downregulation of immune response and inflammation pathways and shared similarities with gene expression signatures derived from patients with sepsis, including the most severe sepsis endotypes. Despite the challenges in identifying early biomarkers of severe appendicitis, a 4-gene signature that was predictive of PA compared to SA, with an accuracy of 85.7% (95% CI, 72.8-94.1) was identified. Conclusions This study found that PA was complicated by a dysregulated immune response. This finding should inform improved diagnostics of severity, early management strategies, and prevention of further postsurgical complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhavjinder K. Dhillon
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Simone Kortbeek
- Department of Pediatrics, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Alberta Children’s Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Arjun Baghela
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Mary Brindle
- Alberta Children’s Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Surgery, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Dori-Ann Martin
- Department of Pediatrics, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Alberta Children’s Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Craig N. Jenne
- Alberta Children’s Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Hans J. Vogel
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Amy H. Y. Lee
- Department of Molecular Biology & Biochemistry, Simon Fraser University, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Graham C. Thompson
- Department of Pediatrics, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Alberta Children’s Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Robert E. W. Hancock
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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7
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Pacilli M, Kamaleswaran R. New Genetic Biomarkers to Diagnose Pediatric Appendicitis. JAMA Pediatr 2024; 178:341-342. [PMID: 38372987 DOI: 10.1001/jamapediatrics.2023.6731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Maurizio Pacilli
- Department of Paediatric Surgery, Monash Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Rishikesan Kamaleswaran
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta
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Charoensaensuk V, Huang BR, Huang ST, Lin C, Xie SY, Chen CW, Chen YC, Cheng HT, Liu YS, Lai SW, Shen CK, Lin HJ, Yang LY, Lu DY. LPS priming-induced immune tolerance mitigates LPS-stimulated microglial activation and social avoidance behaviors in mice. J Pharmacol Sci 2024; 154:225-235. [PMID: 38485340 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphs.2024.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024] Open
Abstract
In this study, we investigated the regulatory mechanisms underlying the effects of LPS tolerance on the inflammatory homeostasis of immune cells. LPS priming-induced immune tolerance downregulated cyclooxygenase-2, and lowered the production of prostaglandin-E2 in microglial cells. In addition, LPS tolerance downregulated the expression of suppressor of cytokine signaling 3, and inducible nitric oxide synthase/nitric oxide; suppressed the LPS-mediated induction of tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin (IL)-6, and IL-1; and reduced reactive oxygen species production in microglial cells. LPS stimulation increased the levels of the adaptive response-related proteins heme oxygenase-1 and superoxide dismutase 2, and the levels of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) enhanced after LPS priming. Systemic administration of low-dose LPS (0.5 mg/kg) to mice for 4 consecutive days attenuated high-dose LPS (5 mg/kg)-induced inflammatory response, microglial activation, and proinflammatory cytokine expression. Moreover, repeated exposure to low-dose LPS suppressed the recruitment of peripheral monocytes or macrophages to brain regions and downregulated the expression of proinflammatory cytokines. Notably, LPS-induced social avoidance behaviors in mice were mitigated by immune tolerance. In conclusion, immune tolerance may reduce proinflammatory cytokine expression and reactive oxygen species production. Our findings provide insights into the effects of endotoxin tolerance on innate immune cells and social behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vichuda Charoensaensuk
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Bor-Ren Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Taichung Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Taichung, Taiwan; School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Sian-Ting Huang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chingju Lin
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, 404328, Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Yun Xie
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chao-Wei Chen
- Institute of New Drug Development, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Chang Chen
- Institute of New Drug Development, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Han-Tsung Cheng
- Department of Surgery, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Shu Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Wei Lai
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Kai Shen
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Jung Lin
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Liang-Yo Yang
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, 404328, Taiwan; Laboratory for Neural Repair, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, 404327, Taiwan; Biomedical Technology R&D Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, 404327, Taiwan.
| | - Dah-Yuu Lu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Photonics and Communication Engineering, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan.
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9
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Diao Y, Zhao Y, Li X, Li B, Huo R, Han X. A simplified machine learning model utilizing platelet-related genes for predicting poor prognosis in sepsis. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1286203. [PMID: 38054005 PMCID: PMC10694245 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1286203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Thrombocytopenia is a known prognostic factor in sepsis, yet the relationship between platelet-related genes and sepsis outcomes remains elusive. We developed a machine learning (ML) model based on platelet-related genes to predict poor prognosis in sepsis. The model underwent rigorous evaluation on six diverse platforms, ensuring reliable and versatile findings. Methods A retrospective analysis of platelet data from 365 sepsis patients confirmed the predictive role of platelet count in prognosis. We employed COX analysis, Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator (LASSO) and Support Vector Machine (SVM) techniques to identify platelet-related genes from the GSE65682 dataset. Subsequently, these genes were trained and validated on six distinct platforms comprising 719 patients, and compared against the Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II (APACHE II) and Sequential Organ-Failure Assessment (SOFA) score. Results A PLT count <100×109/L independently increased the risk of death in sepsis patients (OR = 2.523; 95% CI: 1.084-5.872). The ML model, based on five platelet-related genes, demonstrated impressive area under the curve (AUC) values ranging from 0.5 to 0.795 across various validation platforms. On the GPL6947 platform, our ML model outperformed the APACHE II score with an AUC of 0.795 compared to 0.761. Additionally, by incorporating age, the model's performance was further improved to an AUC of 0.812. On the GPL4133 platform, the initial AUC of the machine learning model based on five platelet-related genes was 0.5. However, after including age, the AUC increased to 0.583. In comparison, the AUC of the APACHE II score was 0.604, and the AUC of the SOFA score was 0.542. Conclusion Our findings highlight the broad applicability of this ML model, based on platelet-related genes, in facilitating early treatment decisions for sepsis patients with poor outcomes. Our study paves the way for advancements in personalized medicine and improved patient care.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Xiaoxu Han
- National Clinical Research Center for Laboratory Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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10
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An H, Yan C, Ma J, Gong J, Gao F, Ning C, Wang F, Zhang M, Li B, Su Y, Liu P, Wei H, Jiang X, Yu Q. Immune inhibitory receptor-mediated immune response, metabolic adaptation, and clinical characterization in patients with COVID-19. Sci Rep 2023; 13:19221. [PMID: 37932287 PMCID: PMC10628246 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-45883-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Immune inhibitory receptors (IRs) play a critical role in the regulation of immune responses to various respiratory viral infections. However, in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), the roles of these IRs in immune modulation, metabolic reprogramming, and clinical characterization remain to be determined. Through consensus clustering analysis of IR transcription in the peripheral blood of patients with COVID-19, we identified two distinct IR patterns in patients with COVID-19, which were named IR_cluster1 and IR_cluster2. Compared to IR_cluster1 patients, IR_cluster2 patients with lower expressions of immune inhibitory receptors presented with a suppressed immune response, lower nutrient metabolism, and worse clinical manifestations or prognosis. Considering the critical influence of the integrated regulation of multiple IRs on disease severity, we established a scoring system named IRscore, which was based on principal component analysis, to evaluate the combined effect of multiple IRs on the disease status of individual patients with COVID-19. Similar to IR_cluster2 patients, patients with high IRscores had longer hospital-free days at day 45, required ICU admission and mechanical ventilatory support, and presented higher Charlson comorbidity index and SOFA scores. A high IRscore was also linked to acute infection phase and absence of drug intervention. Our investigation comprehensively elucidates the potential role of IR patterns in regulating the immune response, modulating metabolic processes, and shaping clinical manifestations of COVID-19. All of this evidence suggests the essential role of prognostic stratification and biomarker screening based on IR patterns in the clinical management and drug development of future emerging infectious diseases such as COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huaying An
- Institute of Health Service and Transfusion Medicine, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Congrui Yan
- Institute of Health Service and Transfusion Medicine, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jun Ma
- Institute of Health Service and Transfusion Medicine, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jiayuan Gong
- Institute of Health Service and Transfusion Medicine, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Fenghua Gao
- Institute of Health Service and Transfusion Medicine, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Changwen Ning
- Institute of Health Service and Transfusion Medicine, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Fei Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Chinese People's Liberation Army Lanzhou General Hospital Anning Branch, Lanzhou, China
| | - Meng Zhang
- Institute of Health Service and Transfusion Medicine, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Baoyi Li
- Institute of Health Service and Transfusion Medicine, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yunqi Su
- Institute of Health Service and Transfusion Medicine, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Pengyu Liu
- Institute of Health Service and Transfusion Medicine, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hanqi Wei
- Institute of Health Service and Transfusion Medicine, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xingwei Jiang
- Institute of Health Service and Transfusion Medicine, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Qun Yu
- Institute of Health Service and Transfusion Medicine, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.
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11
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de la Fuente-Nunez C, Cesaro A, Hancock REW. Antibiotic failure: Beyond antimicrobial resistance. Drug Resist Updat 2023; 71:101012. [PMID: 37924726 DOI: 10.1016/j.drup.2023.101012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/06/2023]
Abstract
Despite significant progress in antibiotic discovery, millions of lives are lost annually to infections. Surprisingly, the failure of antimicrobial treatments to effectively eliminate pathogens frequently cannot be attributed to genetically-encoded antibiotic resistance. This review aims to shed light on the fundamental mechanisms contributing to clinical scenarios where antimicrobial therapies are ineffective (i.e., antibiotic failure), emphasizing critical factors impacting this under-recognized issue. Explored aspects include biofilm formation and sepsis, as well as the underlying microbiome. Therapeutic strategies beyond antibiotics, are examined to address the dimensions and resolution of antibiotic failure, actively contributing to this persistent but escalating crisis. We discuss the clinical relevance of antibiotic failure beyond resistance, limited availability of therapies, potential of new antibiotics to be ineffective, and the urgent need for novel anti-infectives or host-directed therapies directly addressing antibiotic failure. Particularly noteworthy is multidrug adaptive resistance in biofilms that represent 65 % of infections, due to the lack of approved therapies. Sepsis, responsible for 19.7 % of all deaths (as well as severe COVID-19 deaths), is a further manifestation of this issue, since antibiotics are the primary frontline therapy, and yet 23 % of patients succumb to this condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cesar de la Fuente-Nunez
- Machine Biology Group, Departments of Psychiatry and Microbiology, Institute for Biomedical Informatics, Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Departments of Bioengineering and Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Penn Institute for Computational Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| | - Angela Cesaro
- Machine Biology Group, Departments of Psychiatry and Microbiology, Institute for Biomedical Informatics, Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Departments of Bioengineering and Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Penn Institute for Computational Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Robert E W Hancock
- Centre for Microbial Diseases and Immunity Research, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.
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12
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An AY, Baghela A, Zhang P, Falsafi R, Lee AH, Trahtemberg U, Baker AJ, dos Santos CC, Hancock REW. Persistence is key: unresolved immune dysfunction is lethal in both COVID-19 and non-COVID-19 sepsis. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1254873. [PMID: 37822940 PMCID: PMC10562687 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1254873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Severe COVID-19 and non-COVID-19 pulmonary sepsis share pathophysiological, immunological, and clinical features, suggesting that severe COVID-19 is a form of viral sepsis. Our objective was to identify shared gene expression trajectories strongly associated with eventual mortality between severe COVID-19 patients and contemporaneous non-COVID-19 sepsis patients in the intensive care unit (ICU) for potential therapeutic implications. Methods Whole blood was drawn from 20 COVID-19 patients and 22 non-COVID-19 adult sepsis patients at two timepoints: ICU admission and approximately a week later. RNA-Seq was performed on whole blood to identify differentially expressed genes and significantly enriched pathways. Using systems biology methods, drug candidates targeting key genes in the pathophysiology of COVID-19 and sepsis were identified. Results When compared to survivors, non-survivors (irrespective of COVID-19 status) had 3.6-fold more "persistent" genes (genes that stayed up/downregulated at both timepoints) (4,289 vs. 1,186 genes); these included persistently downregulated genes in T-cell signaling and persistently upregulated genes in select innate immune and metabolic pathways, indicating unresolved immune dysfunction in non-survivors, while resolution of these processes occurred in survivors. These findings of persistence were further confirmed using two publicly available datasets of COVID-19 and sepsis patients. Systems biology methods identified multiple immunomodulatory drug candidates that could target this persistent immune dysfunction, which could be repurposed for possible therapeutic use in both COVID-19 and sepsis. Discussion Transcriptional evidence of persistent immune dysfunction was associated with 28-day mortality in both COVID-19 and non-COVID-19 septic patients. These findings highlight the opportunity for mitigating common mechanisms of immune dysfunction with immunomodulatory therapies for both diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andy Y. An
- Center for Microbial Diseases and Immunity Research, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Arjun Baghela
- Center for Microbial Diseases and Immunity Research, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Peter Zhang
- Center for Microbial Diseases and Immunity Research, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Reza Falsafi
- Center for Microbial Diseases and Immunity Research, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Amy H. Lee
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada
| | - Uriel Trahtemberg
- Keenan Research Center for Biomedical Science and the Department of Critical Care, St. Michael’s Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Critical Care, Galilee Medical Center, Nahariya, Israel
| | - Andrew J. Baker
- Keenan Research Center for Biomedical Science and the Department of Critical Care, St. Michael’s Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Claudia C. dos Santos
- Keenan Research Center for Biomedical Science and the Department of Critical Care, St. Michael’s Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Robert E. W. Hancock
- Center for Microbial Diseases and Immunity Research, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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13
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Ghosh P, Sinha S, Katkar GD, Vo D, Taheri S, Dang D, Das S, Sahoo D. Machine learning identifies signatures of macrophage reactivity and tolerance that predict disease outcomes. EBioMedicine 2023; 94:104719. [PMID: 37516087 PMCID: PMC10388732 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2023.104719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 07/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/31/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Single-cell transcriptomic studies have greatly improved organ-specific insights into macrophage polarization states are essential for the initiation and resolution of inflammation in all tissues; however, such insights are yet to translate into therapies that can predictably alter macrophage fate. METHOD Using machine learning algorithms on human macrophages, here we reveal the continuum of polarization states that is shared across diverse contexts. A path, comprised of 338 genes accurately identified both physiologic and pathologic spectra of "reactivity" and "tolerance", and remained relevant across tissues, organs, species, and immune cells (>12,500 diverse datasets). FINDINGS This 338-gene signature identified macrophage polarization states at single-cell resolution, in physiology and across diverse human diseases, and in murine pre-clinical disease models. The signature consistently outperformed conventional signatures in the degree of transcriptome-proteome overlap, and in detecting disease states; it also prognosticated outcomes across diverse acute and chronic diseases, e.g., sepsis, liver fibrosis, aging, and cancers. Crowd-sourced genetic and pharmacologic studies confirmed that model-rationalized interventions trigger predictable macrophage fates. INTERPRETATION These findings provide a formal and universally relevant definition of macrophage states and a predictive framework (http://hegemon.ucsd.edu/SMaRT) for the scientific community to develop macrophage-targeted precision diagnostics and therapeutics. FUNDING This work was supported by the National Institutes for Health (NIH) grant R01-AI155696 (to P.G, D.S and S.D). Other sources of support include: R01-GM138385 (to D.S), R01-AI141630 (to P.G), R01-DK107585 (to S.D), and UG3TR003355 (to D.S, S.D, and P.G). D.S was also supported by two Padres Pedal the Cause awards (Padres Pedal the Cause/RADY #PTC2017 and San Diego NCI Cancer Centers Council (C3) #PTC2017). S.S, G.D.K, and D.D were supported through The American Association of Immunologists (AAI) Intersect Fellowship Program for Computational Scientists and Immunologists. We also acknowledge support from the Padres Pedal the Cause #PTC2021 and the Torey Coast Foundation, La Jolla (P.G and D.S). D.S, P.G, and S.D were also supported by the Leona M. and Harry B. Helmsley Charitable Trust.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pradipta Ghosh
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California San Diego, USA; Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, USA; Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, USA.
| | - Saptarshi Sinha
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California San Diego, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, USA
| | - Gajanan D Katkar
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California San Diego, USA
| | - Daniella Vo
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, USA
| | - Sahar Taheri
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Jacob's School of Engineering, University of California San Diego, USA
| | - Dharanidhar Dang
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, USA
| | - Soumita Das
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, USA; Department of Pathology, University of California San Diego, USA
| | - Debashis Sahoo
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, USA; Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Jacob's School of Engineering, University of California San Diego, USA.
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14
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Ang HP, Makpol S, Nasaruddin ML, Ahmad NS, Tan JK, Wan Zaidi WA, Embong H. Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Delirium-like Behaviour in a Rat Model of Chronic Cerebral Hypoperfusion Is Associated with Increased Indoleamine 2,3-Dioxygenase Expression and Endotoxin Tolerance. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12248. [PMID: 37569622 PMCID: PMC10418785 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241512248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) and the tryptophan-kynurenine pathway (TRP-KP) are upregulated in ageing and could be implicated in the pathogenesis of delirium. This study evaluated the role of IDO/KP in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced delirium in an animal model of chronic cerebral hypoperfusion (CCH), a proposed model for delirium. CCH was induced by a permanent bilateral common carotid artery ligation (BCCAL) in Sprague Dawley rats to trigger chronic neuroinflammation-induced neurodegeneration. Eight weeks after permanent BCCAL, the rats were treated with a single systemic LPS. The rats were divided into three groups: (1) post-BCCAL rats treated with intraperitoneal (i.p.) saline, (2) post-BCCAL rats treated with i.p. LPS 100 μg/kg, and (3) sham-operated rats treated with i.p. LPS 100 μg/kg. Each group consisted of 10 male rats. To elucidate the LPS-induced delirium-like behaviour, natural and learned behaviour changes were assessed by a buried food test (BFT), open field test (OFT), and Y-maze test at 0, 24-, 48-, and 72 h after LPS treatment. Serum was collected after each session of behavioural assessment. The rats were euthanised after the last serum collection, and the hippocampi and cerebral cortex were collected. The TRP-KP neuroactive metabolites were measured in both serum and brain tissues using ELISA. Our data show that LPS treatment in CCH rats was associated with acute, transient, and fluctuated deficits in natural and learned behaviour, consistent with features of delirium. These behaviour deficits were mild compared to the sham-operated rats, which exhibited robust behaviour impairments. Additionally, heightened hippocampal IDO expression in the LPS-treated CCH rats was associated with reduced serum KP activity together with a decrease in the hippocampal quinolinic acid (QA) expression compared to the sham-operated rats, suggested for the presence of endotoxin tolerance through the immunomodulatory activity of IDO in the brain. These data provide new insight into the underlying mechanisms of delirium, and future studies should further explore the role of IDO modulation and its therapeutic potential in delirium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Phing Ang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Bandar Tun Razak, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia (N.S.A.)
| | - Suzana Makpol
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Bandar Tun Razak, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia; (M.L.N.); (J.K.T.)
| | - Muhammad Luqman Nasaruddin
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Bandar Tun Razak, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia; (M.L.N.); (J.K.T.)
| | - Nurul Saadah Ahmad
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Bandar Tun Razak, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia (N.S.A.)
| | - Jen Kit Tan
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Bandar Tun Razak, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia; (M.L.N.); (J.K.T.)
| | - Wan Asyraf Wan Zaidi
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Bandar Tun Razak, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia;
| | - Hashim Embong
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Bandar Tun Razak, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia (N.S.A.)
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15
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Baghela AS, Tam J, Blimkie TM, Dhillon BK, Hancock RE. Facilitating systems-level analyses of all-cause and Covid-mediated sepsis through SeptiSearch, a manually-curated compendium of dysregulated gene sets. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1135859. [PMID: 37304268 PMCID: PMC10250596 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1135859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Sepsis is a dysfunctional host response to infection. The syndrome leads to millions of deaths annually (19.7% of all deaths in 2017) and is the cause of most deaths from severe Covid infections. High throughput sequencing or 'omics' experiments in molecular and clinical sepsis research have been widely utilized to identify new diagnostics and therapies. Transcriptomics, quantifying gene expression, has dominated these studies, due to the efficiency of measuring gene expression in tissues and the technical accuracy of technologies like RNA-Seq. Objective Most of these studies seek to uncover novel mechanistic insights into sepsis pathogenesis and diagnostic gene signatures by identifying genes differentially expressed between two or more relevant conditions. However, little effort has been made, to date, to aggregate this knowledge from such studies. In this study we sought to build a compendium of previously described gene sets that combines knowledge gained from sepsis-associated studies. This would enable the identification of genes most associated with sepsis pathogenesis, and the description of the molecular pathways commonly associated with sepsis. Methods PubMed was searched for studies using transcriptomics to characterize acute infection/sepsis and severe sepsis (i.e., sepsis combined with organ failure). Several studies were identified that used transcriptomics to identify differentially expressed (DE) genes, predictive/prognostic signatures, and underlying molecular responses and pathways. The molecules included in each gene set were collected, in addition to the relevant study metadata (e.g., patient groups used for comparison, sample collection time point, tissue type, etc.). Results After performing extensive literature curation of 74 sepsis-related publications involving transcriptomics, 103 unique gene sets (comprising 20,899 unique genes) from thousands of patients were collated together with associated metadata. Frequently described genes included in gene sets as well as the molecular mechanisms they were involved in were identified. These mechanisms included neutrophil degranulation, generation of second messenger molecules, IL-4 and -13 signaling, and IL-10 signaling among many others. The database, which we named SeptiSearch, is made available in a web application created using the Shiny framework in R, (available at https://septisearch.ca). Conclusions SeptiSearch provides members of the sepsis community the bioinformatic tools needed to leverage and explore the gene sets contained in the database. This will allow the gene sets to be further scrutinized and analyzed for their enrichment in user-submitted gene expression data and used for validation of in-house gene sets/signatures.
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16
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Wiesenthal AA, Legroux TM, Richter C, Junker BH, Hecksteden A, Kessler SM, Hoppstädter J, Kiemer AK. Endotoxin Tolerance Acquisition and Altered Hepatic Fatty Acid Profile in Aged Mice. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:biology12040530. [PMID: 37106731 PMCID: PMC10135800 DOI: 10.3390/biology12040530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Revised: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
Abstract
(1) Background: Aging is linked to an altered immune response and metabolism. Inflammatory conditions, such as sepsis, COVID-19, and steatohepatitis are more prevalent in the elderly and steatosis is linked both to severe COVID-19 and sepsis. We hypothesized that aging is linked to a loss of endotoxin tolerance, which normally protects the host from excessive inflammation, and that this is accompanied by elevated levels of hepatic lipids. (2) Methods: An in vivo lipopolysaccharide (LPS) tolerance model in young and old mice was used and the cytokine serum levels were measured by ELISA. Cytokine and toll-like receptor gene expression was determined by qPCR in the lungs and the liver; hepatic fatty acid composition was assessed by GC–MS. (3) Results: The old mice showed a distinct potential for endotoxin tolerance as suggested by the serum cytokine levels and gene expression in the lung tissue. Endotoxin tolerance was less pronounced in the livers of the aged mice. However, the fatty acid composition strongly differed in the liver tissues of the young and old mice with a distinct change in the ratio of C18 to C16 fatty acids. (4) Conclusions: Endotoxin tolerance is maintained in advanced age, but changes in the metabolic tissue homeostasis may lead to an altered immune response in old individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda A. Wiesenthal
- Pharmaceutical Biology, Department of Pharmacy, Saarland University, Campus C2.3, D-66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
- Marine Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Rostock, D-18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Thierry M. Legroux
- Pharmaceutical Biology, Department of Pharmacy, Saarland University, Campus C2.3, D-66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Chris Richter
- Biosynthesis of Active Substances, Institute of Pharmacy, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, D-06120 Halle, Germany
| | - Björn H. Junker
- Biosynthesis of Active Substances, Institute of Pharmacy, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, D-06120 Halle, Germany
| | - Anne Hecksteden
- Institute of Sports and Preventive Medicine, Saarland University, D-66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Sonja M. Kessler
- Experimental Pharmacology for Natural Sciences, Institute of Pharmacy, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, D-06120 Halle, Germany
| | - Jessica Hoppstädter
- Pharmaceutical Biology, Department of Pharmacy, Saarland University, Campus C2.3, D-66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Alexandra K. Kiemer
- Pharmaceutical Biology, Department of Pharmacy, Saarland University, Campus C2.3, D-66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
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Müller MM, Baldauf C, Hornischer S, Klassert TE, Schneegans A, Behnert A, Pletz MW, Hagel S, Slevogt H. Staphylococcus aureus induces tolerance in human monocytes accompanied with expression changes of cell surface markers. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1046374. [PMID: 37063823 PMCID: PMC10104166 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1046374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Exposure of human monocytes to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or other pathogen-associated molecular pattern (PAMPs) induces a temporary insensitivity to subsequent LPS challenges, a cellular state called endotoxin tolerance (ET), associated with the pathogenesis of sepsis. In this study, we aimed to characterize the cellular state of human monocytes from healthy donors stimulated with Staphylococcus aureus in comparison to TLR2-specific ligands. We analyzed S. aureus induced gene expression changes after 2 and 24 hours by amplicon sequencing (RNA-AmpliSeq) and compared the pro-inflammatory response after 2 hours with the response in re-stimulation experiments. In parallel, glycoprotein expression changes in human monocytes after 24 hours of S. aureus stimulation were analyzed by proteomics and compared to stimulation experiments with TLR2 ligands Malp-2 and Pam3Cys and TLR4 ligand LPS. Finally, we analyzed peripheral blood monocytes of patients with S. aureus bloodstream infection for their ex vivo inflammatory responses towards S. aureus stimulation and their glycoprotein expression profiles. Our results demonstrate that monocytes from healthy donors stimulated with S. aureus and TLR ligands of Gram-positive bacteria entered the tolerant cell state after activation similar to LPS treatment. In particular reduced gene expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF, IL1β) and chemokines (CCL20, CCL3, CCL4, CXCL2, CXCL3 and CXCL8) could be demonstrated. Glycoprotein expression changes in monocytes tolerized by the different TLR agonists were highly similar while S. aureus-stimulated monocytes shared some of the PAMP-induced changes but also exhibited a distinct expression profile. 11 glycoproteins (CD44, CD274, DSC2, ICAM1, LAMP3, LILRB1, PTGS2, SLC1A3, CR1, FGL2, and HP) were similarly up- or downregulated in all four comparisons in the tolerant cell state. Monocytes from patients with S. aureus bacteremia revealed preserved pro-inflammatory responsiveness to S. aureus stimulation ex vivo, expressed increased CD44 mRNA but no other glycoprotein of the tolerance signature was differentially expressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario M. Müller
- Septomics Research Center, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
- Integrated Research and Treatment Center - Center for Sepsis Control and Care (CSCC), Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | | | | | - Tilman E. Klassert
- Septomics Research Center, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | | | - Andrea Behnert
- Septomics Research Center, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
- Integrated Research and Treatment Center - Center for Sepsis Control and Care (CSCC), Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Mathias W. Pletz
- Institute for Infectious Diseases and Infection Control, Jena University Hospital – Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Stefan Hagel
- Institute for Infectious Diseases and Infection Control, Jena University Hospital – Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Hortense Slevogt
- Septomics Research Center, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- *Correspondence: Hortense Slevogt,
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18
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Lajqi T, Köstlin-Gille N, Bauer R, Zarogiannis SG, Lajqi E, Ajeti V, Dietz S, Kranig SA, Rühle J, Demaj A, Hebel J, Bartosova M, Frommhold D, Hudalla H, Gille C. Training vs. Tolerance: The Yin/Yang of the Innate Immune System. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11030766. [PMID: 36979747 PMCID: PMC10045728 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11030766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Revised: 02/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
For almost nearly a century, memory functions have been attributed only to acquired immune cells. Lately, this paradigm has been challenged by an increasing number of studies revealing that innate immune cells are capable of exhibiting memory-like features resulting in increased responsiveness to subsequent challenges, a process known as trained immunity (known also as innate memory). In contrast, the refractory state of endotoxin tolerance has been defined as an immunosuppressive state of myeloid cells portrayed by a significant reduction in the inflammatory capacity. Both training as well tolerance as adaptive features are reported to be accompanied by epigenetic and metabolic alterations occurring in cells. While training conveys proper protection against secondary infections, the induction of endotoxin tolerance promotes repairing mechanisms in the cells. Consequently, the inappropriate induction of these adaptive cues may trigger maladaptive effects, promoting an increased susceptibility to secondary infections—tolerance, or contribute to the progression of the inflammatory disorder—trained immunity. This review aims at the discussion of these opposing manners of innate immune and non-immune cells, describing the molecular, metabolic and epigenetic mechanisms involved and interpreting the clinical implications in various inflammatory pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trim Lajqi
- Department of Neonatology, Heidelberg University Children’s Hospital, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Correspondence: (T.L.); (C.G.)
| | - Natascha Köstlin-Gille
- Department of Neonatology, Heidelberg University Children’s Hospital, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Neonatology, University of Tübingen, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Reinhard Bauer
- Institute of Molecular Cell Biology, Jena University Hospital, D-07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Sotirios G. Zarogiannis
- Department of Physiology, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly, GR-41500 Larissa, Greece
| | - Esra Lajqi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Heidelberg University Hospital, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Valdrina Ajeti
- Department of Pharmacy, Alma Mater Europaea—Campus College Rezonanca, XK-10000 Pristina, Kosovo
| | - Stefanie Dietz
- Department of Neonatology, Heidelberg University Children’s Hospital, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Neonatology, University of Tübingen, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Simon A. Kranig
- Department of Neonatology, Heidelberg University Children’s Hospital, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jessica Rühle
- Department of Neonatology, University of Tübingen, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Ardian Demaj
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Tetovo, MK-1200 Tetova, North Macedonia
| | - Janine Hebel
- Department of Neonatology, University of Tübingen, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Maria Bartosova
- Center for Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine Heidelberg, University of Heidelberg, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - David Frommhold
- Klinik für Kinderheilkunde und Jugendmedizin, D-87700 Memmingen, Germany
| | - Hannes Hudalla
- Department of Neonatology, Heidelberg University Children’s Hospital, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Christian Gille
- Department of Neonatology, Heidelberg University Children’s Hospital, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Correspondence: (T.L.); (C.G.)
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19
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Choi J, Schmerk CL, Mele TS, Rudak PT, Wardell CM, Deng G, Pavri FR, Kim K, Cepinskas G, He W, Haeryfar SM. Longitudinal analysis of mucosa-associated invariant T cells in sepsis reveals their early numerical decline with prognostic implications and a progressive loss of antimicrobial functions. Immunol Cell Biol 2023; 101:249-261. [PMID: 36604951 DOI: 10.1111/imcb.12619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Revised: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Sepsis-elicited immunosuppression elevates the risk of secondary infections. We used a clinically relevant mouse model and serial peripheral blood samples from patients to assess the antimicrobial activities of mucosa-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells in sepsis. Hepatic and splenic MAIT cells from B6-MAITCAST mice displayed increased CD69 expression and a robust interferon-γ (IFNγ) production capacity shortly after sublethal cecal ligation and puncture, but not at a late timepoint. Peripheral blood MAIT cell frequencies were reduced in septic patients at the time of intensive care unit (ICU) admission, and more dramatically so among nonsurvivors, suggesting the predictive usefulness of early MAIT cell enumeration. In addition, at ICU admission, MAIT cells from sepsis survivors launched stronger IFNγ responses to several bacterial species compared with those from patients who subsequently died of sepsis. Of note, while low human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-DR+ monocyte frequencies, widely regarded as a surrogate indicator of sepsis-induced immunosuppression, were gradually corrected, the numerical insufficiency of MAIT cells was not resolved over time, and their CD69 expression continued to decline. MAIT cell responses to bacterial pathogens, a major histocompatibility complex-related protein 1 (MR1) ligand, and interleukin (IL)-12 and IL-18 were also progressively lost during sepsis and did not recover by the time of ICU/hospital discharge. We propose that MAIT cell dysfunctions contribute to post-sepsis immunosuppression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua Choi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Crystal L Schmerk
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Tina S Mele
- Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada.,Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Patrick T Rudak
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Christine M Wardell
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Gansen Deng
- Department of Statistical and Actuarial Sciences, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Farzan R Pavri
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kyoungok Kim
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Gediminas Cepinskas
- Centre for Critical Illness Research, Lawson Health Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Medical Biophysics, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Wenqing He
- Department of Statistical and Actuarial Sciences, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sm Mansour Haeryfar
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada.,Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada.,Division of Clinical Immunology and Allergy, Department of Medicine, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
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20
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Baghela A, An A, Zhang P, Acton E, Gauthier J, Brunet-Ratnasingham E, Blimkie T, Freue GC, Kaufmann D, Lee AHY, Levesque RC, Hancock REW. Predicting severity in COVID-19 disease using sepsis blood gene expression signatures. Sci Rep 2023; 13:1247. [PMID: 36690713 PMCID: PMC9868505 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-28259-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Severely-afflicted COVID-19 patients can exhibit disease manifestations representative of sepsis, including acute respiratory distress syndrome and multiple organ failure. We hypothesized that diagnostic tools used in managing all-cause sepsis, such as clinical criteria, biomarkers, and gene expression signatures, should extend to COVID-19 patients. Here we analyzed the whole blood transcriptome of 124 early (1-5 days post-hospital admission) and late (6-20 days post-admission) sampled patients with confirmed COVID-19 infections from hospitals in Quebec, Canada. Mechanisms associated with COVID-19 severity were identified between severity groups (ranging from mild disease to the requirement for mechanical ventilation and mortality), and established sepsis signatures were assessed for dysregulation. Specifically, gene expression signatures representing pathophysiological events, namely cellular reprogramming, organ dysfunction, and mortality, were significantly enriched and predictive of severity and lethality in COVID-19 patients. Mechanistic endotypes reflective of distinct sepsis aetiologies and therapeutic opportunities were also identified in subsets of patients, enabling prediction of potentially-effective repurposed drugs. The expression of sepsis gene expression signatures in severely-afflicted COVID-19 patients indicates that these patients should be classified as having severe sepsis. Accordingly, in severe COVID-19 patients, these signatures should be strongly considered for the mechanistic characterization, diagnosis, and guidance of treatment using repurposed drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arjun Baghela
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of British Columbia (UBC), Vancouver, Canada
| | - Andy An
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of British Columbia (UBC), Vancouver, Canada
| | | | - Erica Acton
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, Canada
| | - Jeff Gauthier
- Institut de Biologie Intégrative et des Systèmes (IBIS), Département de Microbiologie-Infectiologie et d'immunologie, Université Laval, Quebec, QC, Canada
| | - Elsa Brunet-Ratnasingham
- Département de Microbiologie, Infectiologie Et Immunologie, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada
- Centre de Recherche du CHUM, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Travis Blimkie
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of British Columbia (UBC), Vancouver, Canada
| | | | - Daniel Kaufmann
- Centre de Recherche du CHUM, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Département de Médecine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada
| | - Amy H Y Lee
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, Canada
| | - Roger C Levesque
- Institut de Biologie Intégrative et des Systèmes (IBIS), Département de Microbiologie-Infectiologie et d'immunologie, Université Laval, Quebec, QC, Canada
| | - Robert E W Hancock
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of British Columbia (UBC), Vancouver, Canada.
- Asep Medical, Vancouver, Canada.
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21
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Tongaonkar P, Trinh KK, Ouellette AJ, Selsted ME. Inhibition of miR-146a Expression and Regulation of Endotoxin Tolerance by Rhesus Theta-Defensin-1. Mediators Inflamm 2023; 2023:8387330. [PMID: 37101596 PMCID: PMC10125762 DOI: 10.1155/2023/8387330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Theta- (θ-) defensins are pleiotropic host defense peptides with antimicrobial- and immune-modulating activities. Immune stimulation of cells with lipopolysaccharide (LPS, endotoxin) activates proinflammatory gene expression and cytokine secretion, both of which are attenuated by rhesus theta-defensin-1 (RTD-1) inhibition of NF-κB and MAP kinase pathways. Endotoxin tolerance is a condition that ensues when cells have an extended primary exposure to low levels of LPS, resulting in resistance to a subsequent LPS challenge. Recognition of LPS by Toll-like receptor-4 (TLR4) activates NF-κB, elevating levels of microRNA-146a (miR-146a), which targets IRAK1 and TRAF6 transcripts to reduce their protein levels and inhibits TLR signaling on secondary LPS stimulation. Here, we report that RTD-1 suppressed the expression of miR-146a and stabilized the IRAK1 protein in immune-stimulated, monocytic THP-1 cells. Cells that had primary exposure to LPS became endotoxin-tolerant, as evident from their failure to secrete TNF-α upon secondary endotoxin challenge. However, cells incubated with RTD-1 during the primary LPS stimulation secreted TNF-α after secondary LPS stimulation in an RTD-1 dose-dependent manner. Consistent with this, compared to the control treatment, cells treated with RTD-1 during primary LPS stimulation had increased NF-κB activity after secondary LPS stimulation. These results show that RTD-1 suppresses endotoxin tolerance by inhibiting the NF-κB pathway and demonstrates a novel inflammatory role for RTD-1 that is mediated by the downregulation of miR-146a during the innate immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prasad Tongaonkar
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Katie K. Trinh
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - André J. Ouellette
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- USC Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Michael E. Selsted
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- USC Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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22
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Rodriguez-Moncayo R, Garcia-Cordero JL. Secretion Function Analysis of Ex Vivo Immune Cells in an Integrated Microfluidic Device. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2679:269-285. [PMID: 37300623 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3271-0_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Immune cells play a major role in the development of cancer, from being able to inhibit it by secreting pro-inflammatory mediators, to assist in its development by secreting growth factors, immunosuppressive mediators, and ECM-modifying enzymes. Therefore, the ex vivo analysis of the secretion function of immune cells can be employed as a reliable prognostic biomarker in cancer. However, one limiting factor in current approaches to probe the ex vivo secretion function of cells is their low throughput and the consumption of large quantities of sample. Microfluidics provides a unique advantage, by being able to integrate different components, such as cell culture and biosensors in a monolithic microdevice; it can increase the analytical throughput and leverage it with its intrinsic low sample requirement. Furthermore, the integration of fluid control elements also allows this analysis to be highly automatable, leading to increases in consistency in the results. Here, we describe an approach to analyze the ex vivo secretion function of immune cells using a highly integrated microfluidic device.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Rodriguez-Moncayo
- Laboratory of Microtechnologies Applied to Biomedicine, Centro de Investigación y Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (Cinvestav), Monterrey, NL, Mexico
- Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Jose L Garcia-Cordero
- Laboratory of Microtechnologies Applied to Biomedicine, Centro de Investigación y Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (Cinvestav), Monterrey, NL, Mexico.
- Institute of Human Biology (IHB), Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center, Basel, Switzerland.
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23
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Fan J, Shi S, Qiu Y, Liu M, Shu Q. Analysis of signature genes and association with immune cells infiltration in pediatric septic shock. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1056750. [PMID: 36439140 PMCID: PMC9686439 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1056750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 08/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Early diagnosis of septic shock in children is critical for prognosis. This study committed to investigate the signature genes and their connection with immune cells in pediatric septic shock. Methods We screened a dataset of children with septic shock from the GEO database and analyzed differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Functional enrichment analysis was performed for these DEGs. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WCGNA) was used to screen the key modules. Least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) and random forest analysis were finally applied to identify the signature genes. Then gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) was exerted to explore the signaling pathways related to the hub genes. And the immune cells infiltration was subsequently classified via using CIBERSORT. Results A total of 534 DEGs were screened from GSE26440. The data then was clustered into 17 modules via WGCNA, which MEgrey module was significantly related to pediatric septic shock (cor=-0.62, p<0.0001). LASSO and random forest algorithms were applied to select the signature genes, containing UPP1, S100A9, KIF1B, S100A12, SLC26A8. The receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) of these signature genes was 0.965, 0.977, 0.984, 0.991 and 0.989, respectively, which were verified in the external dataset from GSE13904. GSEA analysis showed these signature genes involve in positively correlated fructose and mannose metabolism and starch and sucrose metabolism signaling pathway. CIBERSORT suggested these signature genes may participate in immune cells infiltration. Conclusion UPP1, S100A9, KIF1B, S100A12, SLC26A8 emerge remarkable diagnostic performance in pediatric septic shock and involved in immune cells infiltration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajie Fan
- Department of Cardiac Intensive Care Unit, The Children’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shanshan Shi
- Department of Cardiac Intensive Care Unit, The Children’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yunxiang Qiu
- Department of Cardiac Intensive Care Unit, The Children’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, China
| | - Mingnan Liu
- Department of Cardiac Intensive Care Unit, The Children’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qiang Shu
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, The Children’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, China
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24
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Comprehensive characterization of costimulatory molecule gene for diagnosis, prognosis and recognition of immune microenvironment features in sepsis. Clin Immunol 2022; 245:109179. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2022.109179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Revised: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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25
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Chen Z, Zeng L, Liu G, Ou Y, Lu C, Yang B, Zuo L. Construction of Autophagy-Related Gene Classifier for Early Diagnosis, Prognosis and Predicting Immune Microenvironment Features in Sepsis by Machine Learning Algorithms. J Inflamm Res 2022; 15:6165-6186. [PMID: 36386585 PMCID: PMC9653048 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s386714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The immune system plays a fundamental role in the pathophysiology of sepsis, and autophagy and autophagy-related molecules are crucial in innate and adaptive immune responses; however, the potential roles of autophagy-related genes (ARGs) in sepsis are not comprehensively understood. Methods A systematic search was conducted in ArrayExpress and Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) cohorts from July 2005 to May 2022. Machine learning approaches, including modified Lasso penalized regression, support vector machine, and artificial neural network, were applied to identify hub ARGs, thereby developing a prediction model termed ARG classifier. Diagnostic and prognostic performance of the model was comprehensively analyzed using multi-transcriptome data. Subsequently, we systematically correlated the ARG classifier/hub ARGs with immunological characteristics of multiple aspects, including immune cell infiltration, immune and molecular pathways, cytokine levels, and immune-related genes. Further, we collected clinical specimens to preliminarily investigate ARG expression levels and to assess the diagnostic performance of ARG classifier. Results A total of ten GEO and three ArrayExpress datasets were included in this study. Based on machine learning algorithms, eight key ARGs (ATG4C, BAX, BIRC5, ERBB2, FKBP1B, HIF1A, NCKAP1, and NFKB1) were integrated to establish ARG classifier. The model exhibited excellent diagnostic values (AUC > 0.85) in multiple datasets and multiple points in time and superiorly distinguished sepsis from other critical illnesses. ARG classifier showed significant correlations with clinical characteristics or endotypes and performed better in predicting mortality (AUC = 0.70) than other clinical characteristics. Additionally, the identified hub ARGs were significantly associated with immune cell infiltration (B, T, NK, dendritic, T regulatory, and myeloid-derived suppressor cells), immune and molecular pathways (inflammation-promoting pathways, HLA, cytolytic activity, apoptosis, type-II IFN response, complement and coagulation cascades), levels of several cytokines (PDGFRB, IL-10, IFNG, and TNF), which indicated that ARG classifier/hub ARGs adequately reflected the immune microenvironment during sepsis. Finally, using clinical specimens, the expression levels of key ARGs in patients with sepsis were found to differ significantly from those of control patients, and ARG classifier exhibited superior diagnostic performance, compared to procalcitonin and C-reactive protein. Conclusion Collectively, a diagnostic and prognostic model (ARG classifier) based on eight ARGs was developed which may assist clinicians in diagnosis of sepsis and recognizing patient at high risk to guide personalized treatment. Additionally, the ARG classifier effectively reflected the immune microenvironment diversity of sepsis and may facilitate personalized counseling for specific therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Chen
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, Shunde Hospital, Southern Medical University (The First People’s Hospital of Shunde), Foshan, Guangdong Province, 528308, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Zhen Chen; Liuer Zuo, Department of Intensive care Unit, Shunde Hospital, Southern Medical University (The First People’s Hospital of Shunde), Foshan, Guangdong Province, 528308, People’s Republic of China, Email ;
| | - Liming Zeng
- Medical Research Center, Shunde Hospital, Southern Medical University (The First People’s Hospital of Shunde), Foshan, Guangdong Province, 528308, People’s Republic of China
| | - Genglong Liu
- Department of Pathology, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 511495, People’s Republic of China
- Baishideng Publishing Group Inc, Pleasanton, CA, 94566, USA
| | - Yangpeng Ou
- Department of Oncology, Huizhou Third People’s Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Huizhou, Guangdong Province, 516000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chuangang Lu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Sanya Central Hospital, Sanya, Hainan Province, 572000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ben Yang
- Department of Burn Surgery, Huizhou Municipal Central Hospital, Huizhou, Guangdong Province, 516000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Liuer Zuo
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, Shunde Hospital, Southern Medical University (The First People’s Hospital of Shunde), Foshan, Guangdong Province, 528308, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Zhen Chen; Liuer Zuo, Department of Intensive care Unit, Shunde Hospital, Southern Medical University (The First People’s Hospital of Shunde), Foshan, Guangdong Province, 528308, People’s Republic of China, Email ;
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26
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Sedivy-Haley K, Blimkie T, Falsafi R, Lee AHY, Hancock REW. A transcriptomic analysis of the effects of macrophage polarization and endotoxin tolerance on the response to Salmonella. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0276010. [PMID: 36240188 PMCID: PMC9565388 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0276010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Salmonella is an intracellular pathogen causing significant morbidity and mortality. Its ability to grow inside macrophages is important to virulence, and is dependent on the activation state of the macrophages. Classically activated M1 macrophages are non-permissive for Salmonella growth, while alternatively activated M2 macrophages are permissive for Salmonella growth. Here we showed that endotoxin-primed macrophages (MEP), such as those associated with sepsis, showed similar levels of Salmonella resistance to M1 macrophages after 2 hr of intracellular infection, but at the 4 hr and 24 hr time points were susceptible like M2 macrophages. To understand this mechanistically, transcriptomic sequencing, RNA-Seq, was performed. This showed that M1 and MEP macrophages that had not been exposed to Salmonella, demonstrated a process termed here as primed activation, in expressing relatively higher levels of particular anti-infective genes and pathways, including the JAK-STAT (Janus kinase-signal transducer and activator of transcription) pathway. In contrast, in M2 macrophages these genes and pathways were largely expressed only in response to infection. Conversely, in response to infection, M1 macrophages, but not MEP macrophages, modulated additional genes known to be associated with susceptibility to Salmonella infection, possibly contributing to the differences in resistance at later time points. Application of the JAK inhibitor Ruxolitinib before infection reduced resistance in M1 macrophages, supporting the importance of early JAK-STAT signalling in M1 resistance to Salmonella.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharine Sedivy-Haley
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Travis Blimkie
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Reza Falsafi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Amy Huei-Yi Lee
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Robert E W Hancock
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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27
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Tuerxun K, Midtbö K, Särndahl E, Vorontsov E, Karlsson R, Persson A, Kruse R, Eklund D. Cytokine responses to LPS in reprogrammed monocytes are associated with the transcription factor PU.1. J Leukoc Biol 2022; 112:679-692. [PMID: 35285058 PMCID: PMC9790682 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.3a0421-216r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Revised: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) are functionally immunosuppressive cells that arise and expand during extensive inflammatory conditions by increased hematopoietic output or reprogramming of immune cells. In sepsis, an increase of circulating MDSCs is associated with adverse outcomes, but unique traits that can be used to identify increased activity of MDSCs are lacking. By using endotoxin tolerance as a model of sepsis-induced monocytic MDSCs (M-MDSC-like cells), this study aims to identify the mediator and transcriptional regulator profile associated with M-MDSC activity. After analyzing 180 inflammation-associated proteins, a profile of differentially expressed cytokines was found in M-MDSC-like cells versus normal monocytes stimulated with LPS. These cytokines were associated with 5 candidate transcription factors, where particularly PU.1 showed differential expression on both transcriptional and protein levels in M-MDSC-like cells. Furthermore, inhibition of PU.1 led to increased production of CXCL5 and CCL8 in M-MDSC-like cells indicating its role in regulating the ability of M-MDSC-like cells to recruit other immune cells. Taken together, the study identifies a unique profile in the pattern of immune mediators defining M-MDSC activity upon LPS stimulation, which offers a functional link to their contribution to immunosuppression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kedeye Tuerxun
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, School of Medical SciencesÖrebro UniversityÖrebroSweden,Inflammatory Response and Infection Susceptibility Centre (iRiSC), Faculty of Medicine and HealthÖrebro UniversityÖrebroSweden
| | - Kristine Midtbö
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, School of Medical SciencesÖrebro UniversityÖrebroSweden,Inflammatory Response and Infection Susceptibility Centre (iRiSC), Faculty of Medicine and HealthÖrebro UniversityÖrebroSweden
| | - Eva Särndahl
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, School of Medical SciencesÖrebro UniversityÖrebroSweden,Inflammatory Response and Infection Susceptibility Centre (iRiSC), Faculty of Medicine and HealthÖrebro UniversityÖrebroSweden
| | - Egor Vorontsov
- Proteomics Core Facility, Sahlgrenska AcademyUniversity of GothenburgSweden
| | - Roger Karlsson
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Institute of BiomedicineSahlgrenska Academy of the University of GothenburgSweden,Department of Clinical MicrobiologySahlgrenska University Hospital, Region Västra GötalandSweden,Nanoxis Consulting ABGothenburgSweden
| | - Alexander Persson
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, School of Medical SciencesÖrebro UniversityÖrebroSweden,Inflammatory Response and Infection Susceptibility Centre (iRiSC), Faculty of Medicine and HealthÖrebro UniversityÖrebroSweden
| | - Robert Kruse
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, School of Medical SciencesÖrebro UniversityÖrebroSweden,Inflammatory Response and Infection Susceptibility Centre (iRiSC), Faculty of Medicine and HealthÖrebro UniversityÖrebroSweden,Department of Clinical Research Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine and HealthÖrebro UniversityÖrebroSweden
| | - Daniel Eklund
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, School of Medical SciencesÖrebro UniversityÖrebroSweden,Inflammatory Response and Infection Susceptibility Centre (iRiSC), Faculty of Medicine and HealthÖrebro UniversityÖrebroSweden
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Laudanski K, Liu D, Hajj J, Ghani D, Szeto WY. Serum level of total histone 3, H3K4me3, and H3K27ac after non-emergent cardiac surgery suggests the persistence of smoldering inflammation at 3 months in an adult population. Clin Epigenetics 2022; 14:112. [PMID: 36068552 PMCID: PMC9446722 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-022-01331-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Despite clinical relevance of immunological activation due to histone leakage into the serum following cardiac surgery, long-term data describing their longitudinal dynamic are lacking. Therefore, this study examines the serum levels of histone 3 (tH3) and its modifications (H3K4me3 and H3K27ac) alongside immune system activation during the acute and convalescence phases of cardiac surgery. Methods Blood samples from fifty-nine individuals were collected before non-emergent cardiac surgery (tpre-op) and 24 h (t24hr), seven days (t7d), and three months (t3m) post-procedure to examine serum levels of tH3, H3K4me3, and H3K27ac. Serum heat shock protein-60 (HSP-60) was a surrogate of the cellular damage marker. Serum C-reactive protein (CRP) and interleukin 6 (IL-6) assessed smoldering inflammation. TNFα and IL-6 production by whole blood in response to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) evaluated immunological activation. Electronic medical records provided demographic, peri-operative, and clinical information. Paired longitudinal analyses were employed with data expressed as mean and standard deviation (X ± SD) or median and interquartile range (Me[IQ25; 75%]. Results Compared to pre-operative levels (tH3Pre-op = 1.6[0.33;2.4]), post-operative serum tH3 significantly (p > 0.0001) increased after heart surgery (tH324hr = 2.2[0.3;28]), remained elevated at 7 days (tH37d = 2.4[0.37;5.3]), and at 3 months (tH33m = 2.0[0.31;2.9]). Serum H3K27ac was elevated at 24 h (H3K27ac24hr = 0.66 ± 0.51; p = 0.025) and seven days (H3K27ac7d = 0.94 ± 0.95; p = 0.032) as compared to baseline hours (H3K27acPre-op = 0.55 ± 0.54). Serum H3K4me3 was significantly diminished at three months (H3K4me3Pre-op = 0.94 ± 0.54 vs. H3K27ac3m = 0.59 ± 0.89; p = 0.008). tH3 correlated significantly with the duration of anesthesia (r2 = 0.38). In contrast, HSP-60 normalized seven days after surgery. Peri-operative intake of acetaminophen, but no acetylsalicylic acid (ASA), acid, ketorolac or steroids, resulted in the significant depression of serum H3K4me3 at 24 h (H3K4me3acetom- = 1.26[0.71; 3.21] vs H3K4me3acetom+ = 0.54[0.07;1.01]; W[50] = 2.26; p = 0.021). CRP, but not IL-6, remained elevated at 3 months compared to pre-surgical levels and correlated with tH324hrs (r2 = 0.43), tH37d (r2 = 0.71; p < 0.05), H3K4me37d (r2 = 0.53), and H3K27ac7d (r2 = 0.49). Production of TNFα by whole blood in response to LPS was associated with serum tH324hrs (r2 = 0.67). Diminished H3K4me324hrs, H3K27ac24hrs, and H3K27ac3m, accompanied the emergence of liver failure. Conclusions We demonstrated a prolonged elevation in serum histone 3 three months after cardiac surgery. Furthermore, histone 3 modifications had a discrete time evolution indicating differential immune activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krzysztof Laudanski
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, University of Pennsylvania, JMB 127, 3620 Hamilton Walk, Philadelphia, PA, 19146, USA. .,Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania, JMB 127, 3620 Hamilton Walk, Philadelphia, PA, 19146, USA. .,Leonard Davis Institute for Health Economics, University of Pennsylvania, JMB 127, 3620 Hamilton Walk, Philadelphia, PA, 19146, USA.
| | - Da Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Jihane Hajj
- School of Nursing, Widener University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Danyal Ghani
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Wilson Y Szeto
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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Ultraporous Polyquaternium-Carboxylated Chitosan Composite Hydrogel Spheres with Anticoagulant, Antibacterial, and Rapid Endotoxin Removal Profiles for Sepsis Treatment. Biomacromolecules 2022; 23:3728-3742. [PMID: 35926229 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.2c00583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Hemoperfusion is an important method to remove endotoxins and save the lives of patients with sepsis. However, the current adsorbents for hemoperfusion have disadvantages of insufficient endotoxin adsorption capacity, poor blood compatibility, and so on. Herein, we proposed a novel emulsion templating (ET) method to prepare ultraporous and double-network carboxylated chitosan (CCS)-poly(diallyl dimethylammonium chloride) (PDDA) hydrogel spheres (ET-CCSPD), bearing both negative and positive charges. CCS was introduced to balance the strong positive charges of PDDA to improve hemocompatibility, and emulsion templates endowed the adsorbent with an ultraporous structure for enhanced adsorption efficacy. The ET-CCSPDs neither damaged blood cells nor activated complement responses. In addition, the activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) was prolonged to 8.5 times, which was beneficial for reducing the injection of anticoagulant in patients. The ET-CCSPDs had excellent scavenging performance against bacteria and endotoxin, with removal ratios of 96.7% for E. coli and 99.8% for S. aureus, respectively, and the static removal ratio of endotoxin in plasma was as high as 99.1% (C0 = 5.50 EU/mL, critical illness level). An adsorption cartridge filled with the ET-CCSPDs could remove 84.7% of endotoxin within 1 h (C0 = 100 EU/mL in PBS). Interestingly, the ET-CCSPDs had a good inhibitory effect on the cytokines produced by endotoxin-mediated septic blood. By developing the ET method to prepare ultraporous and double-network adsorbents, the problems of low adsorption efficiency and poor blood compatibility of traditional endotoxin adsorbents have been solved, thus opening a new route to fabricate absorbents for blood purification.
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Lee MJ, Bae J, Lee JH, Park YJ, Lee HAR, Mun S, Kim YS, Yune CJ, Chung TN, Kim K. Serial Change of Endotoxin Tolerance in a Polymicrobial Sepsis Model. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23126581. [PMID: 35743025 PMCID: PMC9223582 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23126581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2022] [Revised: 06/05/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Immune suppression is known to occur during sepsis. Endotoxin tolerance is considered a mechanism of immune suppression in sepsis. However, the timing and serial changes in endotoxin tolerance have not been fully investigated. In this study, we investigated serial changes in endotoxin tolerance in a polymicrobial sepsis model. Herein, we used a rat model of fecal slurry polymicrobial sepsis. After induction of sepsis, endotoxin tolerance of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and splenocytes was measured at various time points (6 h, 12 h, 24 h, 48 h, 72 h, 5 days, and 7 days), through the measurement of TNF-α production after stimulation with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in an ex vivo model. At each time point, we checked for plasma tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-6, and IL-10 levels. Moreover, we analyzed reactive oxygen species (ROS) as measured by 2′,7′-dichlorodihydrofluorescein, plasma lactate, serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and creatinine levels. Nuclear factor (NF)-κB, IL-1 receptor-associated kinase (IRAK)-M, and cleaved caspase 3 levels were measured in the spleen. Endotoxin tolerance, measured by TNF-α production stimulated through LPS in PBMCs and splenocytes, was induced early in the sepsis model, starting from 6 h after sepsis. It reached a nadir at 24 to 48 h after sepsis, and then started to recover. Endotoxin tolerance was more prominent in the severe sepsis model. Plasma cytokines peaked at time points ranging from 6 to 12 h after sepsis. ROS levels peaked at 12 h and then decreased. Lactate, ALT, and serum creatinine levels increased up to 24 to 48 h, and then decreased. Phosphorylated p65 and IRAK-M levels of spleen increased up to 12 to 24 h and then decreased. Apoptosis was prominent 48 h after sepsis, and then recovered. In the rat model of polymicrobial sepsis, endotoxin tolerance occurred earlier and started to recover from 24 to 48 h after sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Ji Lee
- Department of Emergency Medicine, CHA University School of Medicine, Seongnam 13497, Gyeonggi, Korea; (M.J.L.); (J.B.); (J.H.L.); (Y.J.P.); (H.A.R.L.); (S.M.); (Y.-s.K.); (C.J.Y.); (T.N.C.)
- Department of Emergency Medicine, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam 13497, Gyeonggi, Korea
| | - Jinkun Bae
- Department of Emergency Medicine, CHA University School of Medicine, Seongnam 13497, Gyeonggi, Korea; (M.J.L.); (J.B.); (J.H.L.); (Y.J.P.); (H.A.R.L.); (S.M.); (Y.-s.K.); (C.J.Y.); (T.N.C.)
- Department of Emergency Medicine, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam 13497, Gyeonggi, Korea
| | - Jung Ho Lee
- Department of Emergency Medicine, CHA University School of Medicine, Seongnam 13497, Gyeonggi, Korea; (M.J.L.); (J.B.); (J.H.L.); (Y.J.P.); (H.A.R.L.); (S.M.); (Y.-s.K.); (C.J.Y.); (T.N.C.)
| | - Ye Jin Park
- Department of Emergency Medicine, CHA University School of Medicine, Seongnam 13497, Gyeonggi, Korea; (M.J.L.); (J.B.); (J.H.L.); (Y.J.P.); (H.A.R.L.); (S.M.); (Y.-s.K.); (C.J.Y.); (T.N.C.)
| | - Han A Reum Lee
- Department of Emergency Medicine, CHA University School of Medicine, Seongnam 13497, Gyeonggi, Korea; (M.J.L.); (J.B.); (J.H.L.); (Y.J.P.); (H.A.R.L.); (S.M.); (Y.-s.K.); (C.J.Y.); (T.N.C.)
| | - Sehwan Mun
- Department of Emergency Medicine, CHA University School of Medicine, Seongnam 13497, Gyeonggi, Korea; (M.J.L.); (J.B.); (J.H.L.); (Y.J.P.); (H.A.R.L.); (S.M.); (Y.-s.K.); (C.J.Y.); (T.N.C.)
| | - Yun-seok Kim
- Department of Emergency Medicine, CHA University School of Medicine, Seongnam 13497, Gyeonggi, Korea; (M.J.L.); (J.B.); (J.H.L.); (Y.J.P.); (H.A.R.L.); (S.M.); (Y.-s.K.); (C.J.Y.); (T.N.C.)
| | - Chang June Yune
- Department of Emergency Medicine, CHA University School of Medicine, Seongnam 13497, Gyeonggi, Korea; (M.J.L.); (J.B.); (J.H.L.); (Y.J.P.); (H.A.R.L.); (S.M.); (Y.-s.K.); (C.J.Y.); (T.N.C.)
| | - Tae Nyoung Chung
- Department of Emergency Medicine, CHA University School of Medicine, Seongnam 13497, Gyeonggi, Korea; (M.J.L.); (J.B.); (J.H.L.); (Y.J.P.); (H.A.R.L.); (S.M.); (Y.-s.K.); (C.J.Y.); (T.N.C.)
- Department of Emergency Medicine, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam 13497, Gyeonggi, Korea
| | - Kyuseok Kim
- Department of Emergency Medicine, CHA University School of Medicine, Seongnam 13497, Gyeonggi, Korea; (M.J.L.); (J.B.); (J.H.L.); (Y.J.P.); (H.A.R.L.); (S.M.); (Y.-s.K.); (C.J.Y.); (T.N.C.)
- Department of Emergency Medicine, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam 13497, Gyeonggi, Korea
- Correspondence: or
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Nesvaderani M, Dhillon BK, Chew T, Tang B, Baghela A, Hancock RE, Eslick GD, Cox M. Gene Expression Profiling: Identification of Novel Pathways and Potential Biomarkers in Severe Acute Pancreatitis. J Am Coll Surg 2022; 234:803-815. [PMID: 35426393 DOI: 10.1097/xcs.0000000000000115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Determining the risk of developing severe acute pancreatitis (AP) on presentation to hospital is difficult but vital to enable early management decisions that reduce morbidity and mortality. The objective of this study was to determine global gene expression profiles of patients with different acute pancreatitis severity to identify genes and molecular mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of severe AP. STUDY DESIGN AP patients (n = 87) were recruited within 24 hours of admission to the Emergency Department and were confirmed to exhibit at least 2 of the following features: (1) abdominal pain characteristic of AP, (2) serum amylase and/or lipase more than 3-fold the upper laboratory limit considered normal, and/or (3) radiographically demonstrated AP on CT scan. Severity was defined according to the Revised Atlanta classification. Thirty-two healthy volunteers were also recruited and peripheral venous blood was collected for performing RNA-Seq. RESULTS In severe AP, 422 genes (185 upregulated, 237 downregulated) were significantly differentially expressed when compared with moderately severe and mild cases. Pathway analysis revealed changes in specific innate and adaptive immune, sepsis-related, and surface modification pathways in severe AP. Data-driven approaches revealed distinct gene expression groups (endotypes), which were not entirely overlapping with the clinical Atlanta classification. Importantly, severe and moderately severe AP patients clustered away from healthy controls, whereas mild AP patients did not exhibit any clear separation, suggesting distinct underlying mechanisms that may influence severity of AP. CONCLUSION There were significant differences in gene expression affecting the severity of AP, revealing a central role of specific immunological pathways. Despite the existence of patient endotypes, a 4-gene transcriptomic signature (S100A8, S100A9, MMP25, and MT-ND4L) was determined that can predict severe AP with an accuracy of 64%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Nesvaderani
- From the Department of Surgery, The Centre for Evidence Based Surgery (Nesvaderani, Eslick, Cox), University of Sydney Nepean Clinical School, Nepean Hospital, Sydney, Australia
| | - Bhavjinder K Dhillon
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada (Dhillon, Baghela, Hancock)
| | - Tracy Chew
- Intensive Care Medicine (Chew, Tang), University of Sydney Nepean Clinical School, Nepean Hospital, Sydney, Australia
- Sydney Informatics Hub, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia (Chew)
| | - Benjamin Tang
- Intensive Care Medicine (Chew, Tang), University of Sydney Nepean Clinical School, Nepean Hospital, Sydney, Australia
| | - Arjun Baghela
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada (Dhillon, Baghela, Hancock)
| | - Robert Ew Hancock
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada (Dhillon, Baghela, Hancock)
| | - Guy D Eslick
- From the Department of Surgery, The Centre for Evidence Based Surgery (Nesvaderani, Eslick, Cox), University of Sydney Nepean Clinical School, Nepean Hospital, Sydney, Australia
| | - Michael Cox
- From the Department of Surgery, The Centre for Evidence Based Surgery (Nesvaderani, Eslick, Cox), University of Sydney Nepean Clinical School, Nepean Hospital, Sydney, Australia
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Effects of Glucocorticoid Therapy on Sepsis Depend Both on the Dose of Steroids and on the Severity and Phase of the Animal Sepsis Model. Life (Basel) 2022; 12:life12030421. [PMID: 35330172 PMCID: PMC8954354 DOI: 10.3390/life12030421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Revised: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Steroids are currently being used in sepsis, particularly in septic shock. However, clinical trials to date have shown contradictory results. This could be attributed to the different patient endotypes and steroid doses, which have also contributed to the inconclusive results. We investigated the effects of glucocorticoid therapy on sepsis in a polymicrobial sepsis model in a variety of settings, such as steroid dose, severity, and sepsis phase. We used a rat model of fecal slurry polymicrobial sepsis. First, we investigated the optimum dose of steroids in a sepsis model. We administered different doses of dexamethasone after sepsis induction (0.1DEX; 0.1 mg/kg, 0.2DEX; 0.2 mg/kg, 5DEX; 5 mg/kg). Second, we used two different severities of the fecal slurry polymicrobial sepsis rat model to examine the effects of the steroids. A moderate or severe model was defined as a survival rate of approximately 70% and 30%, respectively. Third, we administered steroids in an early (1 h after sepsis induction) or late phase (25 h after sepsis). In all the experiments, we investigated the survival rates. In the determined optimal model and settings, we measured serum lactate, alanine transferase (ALT), creatinine, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-6, IL-10, and arterial blood gas. We evaluated the bacterial burden in the blood and spleen. Endotoxin tolerance of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and splenocytes was also investigated to determine the level of immune suppression 24 h after sepsis by measuring TNF-α production after stimulation with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in an ex vivo model. Early treatment of 0.2 mg/kg dexamethasone in a severe sepsis model showed the best beneficial effects. In moderate- or late-phase sepsis, there was no survival gain with steroid treatment. DEX0.2 group showed less acute kidney injury manifested by serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen. DEX decreased the levels of cytokines, including IL-6, IL-10, and TNF-α. Colony-forming units were significantly decreased in the blood when administered with dexamethasone. Endotoxin tolerance was not significantly different between the DEX0.2 and control groups. In conclusion, early treatment of 0.2 mg/kg dexamethasone improved the outcomes of rats in a severe sepsis model.
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Rosier F, Nuñez NF, Torres M, Loriod B, Rihet P, Pradel LC. Transcriptional Response in a Sepsis Mouse Model Reflects Transcriptional Response in Sepsis Patients. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23020821. [PMID: 35055007 PMCID: PMC8776114 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23020821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Revised: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Mortality due to sepsis remains unacceptably high, especially for septic shock patients. Murine models have been used to better understand pathophysiology mechanisms. However, the mouse model is still under debate. Herein we investigated the transcriptional response of mice injected with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and compared it to either human cells stimulated in vitro with LPS or to the blood cells of septic patients. We identified a molecular signature composed of 2331 genes with an FDR median of 0%. This molecular signature is highly enriched in regulated genes in peritoneal macrophages stimulated with LPS. There is significant enrichment in several inflammatory signaling pathways, and in disease terms, such as pneumonia, sepsis, systemic inflammatory response syndrome, severe sepsis, an inflammatory disorder, immune suppression, and septic shock. A significant overlap between the genes upregulated in mouse and human cells stimulated with LPS has been demonstrated. Finally, genes upregulated in mouse cells stimulated with LPS are enriched in genes upregulated in human cells stimulated in vitro and in septic patients, who are at high risk of death. Our results support the hypothesis of common molecular and cellular mechanisms between mouse and human sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Pascal Rihet
- Correspondence: (P.R.); (L.C.P.); Tel.: +33-491828723 (P.R.); +33-491828745 (L.C.P.)
| | - Lydie C. Pradel
- Correspondence: (P.R.); (L.C.P.); Tel.: +33-491828723 (P.R.); +33-491828745 (L.C.P.)
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Baghela A, Pena OM, Lee AH, Baquir B, Falsafi R, An A, Farmer SW, Hurlburt A, Mondragon-Cardona A, Rivera JD, Baker A, Trahtemberg U, Shojaei M, Jimenez-Canizales CE, Dos Santos CC, Tang B, Bouma HR, Cohen Freue GV, Hancock REW. Predicting sepsis severity at first clinical presentation: The role of endotypes and mechanistic signatures. EBioMedicine 2022; 75:103776. [PMID: 35027333 PMCID: PMC8808161 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2021.103776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Revised: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inter-individual variability during sepsis limits appropriate triage of patients. Identifying, at first clinical presentation, gene expression signatures that predict subsequent severity will allow clinicians to identify the most at-risk groups of patients and enable appropriate antibiotic use. METHODS Blood RNA-Seq and clinical data were collected from 348 patients in four emergency rooms (ER) and one intensive-care-unit (ICU), and 44 healthy controls. Gene expression profiles were analyzed using machine learning and data mining to identify clinically relevant gene signatures reflecting disease severity, organ dysfunction, mortality, and specific endotypes/mechanisms. FINDINGS Gene expression signatures were obtained that predicted severity/organ dysfunction and mortality in both ER and ICU patients with accuracy/AUC of 77-80%. Network analysis revealed these signatures formed a coherent biological program, with specific but overlapping mechanisms/pathways. Given the heterogeneity of sepsis, we asked if patients could be assorted into discrete groups with distinct mechanisms (endotypes) and varying severity. Patients with early sepsis could be stratified into five distinct and novel mechanistic endotypes, named Neutrophilic-Suppressive/NPS, Inflammatory/INF, Innate-Host-Defense/IHD, Interferon/IFN, and Adaptive/ADA, each based on ∼200 unique gene expression differences, and distinct pathways/mechanisms (e.g., IL6/STAT3 in NPS). Endotypes had varying overall severity with two severe (NPS/INF) and one relatively benign (ADA) groupings, consistent with reanalysis of previous endotype studies. A 40 gene-classification tool (accuracy=96%) and several gene-pairs (accuracy=89-97%) accurately predicted endotype status in both ER and ICU validation cohorts. INTERPRETATION The severity and endotype signatures indicate that distinct immune signatures precede the onset of severe sepsis and lethality, providing a method to triage early sepsis patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arjun Baghela
- Centre for Microbial Diseases and Immunity Research, University of British Colombia, 232-2259 Lower Mall, Vancouver V6T 1Z4, Canada; Bioinformatics Graduate Program, Genome Sciences Centre, 570 W 7th Ave, Vancouver V5T 4S6, Canada
| | - Olga M Pena
- Centre for Microbial Diseases and Immunity Research, University of British Colombia, 232-2259 Lower Mall, Vancouver V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Amy H Lee
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, B.C. V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Beverlie Baquir
- Centre for Microbial Diseases and Immunity Research, University of British Colombia, 232-2259 Lower Mall, Vancouver V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Reza Falsafi
- Centre for Microbial Diseases and Immunity Research, University of British Colombia, 232-2259 Lower Mall, Vancouver V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Andy An
- Centre for Microbial Diseases and Immunity Research, University of British Colombia, 232-2259 Lower Mall, Vancouver V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Susan W Farmer
- Centre for Microbial Diseases and Immunity Research, University of British Colombia, 232-2259 Lower Mall, Vancouver V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Andrew Hurlburt
- Vancouver General Hospital, 899 W 12th Ave, Vancouver V5Z 1M9, Canada
| | - Alvaro Mondragon-Cardona
- Hospital Universitario Hernando Moncaleano, Calle 9 No. 15-25, Neiva, Colombia; Department of Internal Medicine, Universidad Surcolombiana, Calle 9 Carrera 14, Neiva, Colombia
| | - Juan Diego Rivera
- Hospital Universitario Hernando Moncaleano, Calle 9 No. 15-25, Neiva, Colombia; Department of Internal Medicine, Universidad Surcolombiana, Calle 9 Carrera 14, Neiva, Colombia
| | - Andrew Baker
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, Critical Care Medicine, St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, 30 Bond Street, Toronto, ON M5G1W8, Canada
| | - Uriel Trahtemberg
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, Critical Care Medicine, St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, 30 Bond Street, Toronto, ON M5G1W8, Canada
| | - Maryam Shojaei
- The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, 176 Hawkesbury Rd, Westmead, NSW 2145, Australia
| | - Carlos Eduardo Jimenez-Canizales
- Hospital Universitario Hernando Moncaleano, Calle 9 No. 15-25, Neiva, Colombia; Department of Internal Medicine, Universidad Surcolombiana, Calle 9 Carrera 14, Neiva, Colombia
| | - Claudia C Dos Santos
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, Critical Care Medicine, St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, 30 Bond Street, Toronto, ON M5G1W8, Canada
| | - Benjamin Tang
- The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, 176 Hawkesbury Rd, Westmead, NSW 2145, Australia
| | - Hjalmar R Bouma
- Department of Internal Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, Groningen 9713 AV, the Netherland; Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, Groningen 9713 AV, the Netherland
| | - Gabriela V Cohen Freue
- Department of Statistics, University of British Columbia, 2207 Main Mall, Vancouver V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Robert E W Hancock
- Centre for Microbial Diseases and Immunity Research, University of British Colombia, 232-2259 Lower Mall, Vancouver V6T 1Z4, Canada.
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Laudanski K. Persistence of Lipoproteins and Cholesterol Alterations after Sepsis: Implication for Atherosclerosis Progression. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms221910517. [PMID: 34638860 PMCID: PMC8508791 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221910517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Revised: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Sepsis is one of the most common critical care illnesses with increasing survivorship. The quality of life in sepsis survivors is adversely affected by several co-morbidities, including increased incidence of dementia, stroke, cardiac disease and at least temporary deterioration in cognitive dysfunction. One of the potential explanations for their progression is the persistence of lipid profile abnormalities induced during acute sepsis into recovery, resulting in acceleration of atherosclerosis. (2) Methods: This is a targeted review of the abnormalities in the long-term lipid profile abnormalities after sepsis; (3) Results: There is a well-established body of evidence demonstrating acute alteration in lipid profile (HDL-c ↓↓, LDL-C -c ↓↓). In contrast, a limited number of studies demonstrated depression of HDL-c levels with a concomitant increase in LDL-C -c in the wake of sepsis. VLDL-C -c and Lp(a) remained unaltered in few studies as well. Apolipoprotein A1 was altered in survivors suggesting abnormalities in lipoprotein metabolism concomitant to overall lipoprotein abnormalities. However, most of the studies were limited to a four-month follow-up and patient groups were relatively small. Only one study looked at the atherosclerosis progression in sepsis survivors using clinical correlates, demonstrating an acceleration of plaque formation in the aorta, and a large metanalysis suggested an increase in the risk of stroke or acute coronary event between 3% to 9% in sepsis survivors. (4) Conclusions: The limited evidence suggests an emergence and persistence of the proatherogenic lipid profile in sepsis survivors that potentially contributes, along with other factors, to the clinical sequel of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krzysztof Laudanski
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; ; Tel.: +1-215-662-8200
- Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Leonard Davis Institute of Healthcare Economics, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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36
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Cheng Y, Cao X, Zhang J, Chen D, Zhu J, Xu L, Qin L. Dysregulated lncRNAs are Involved in the Progress of Sepsis by Constructing Regulatory Networks in Whole Blood Cells. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:678256. [PMID: 34483898 PMCID: PMC8416166 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.678256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Sepsis is a highly heterogeneous syndrome that is caused by an unbalanced host response to an infection. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been reported to exert regulatory roles in a variety of biological processes, and became potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets for diverse diseases. However, current understanding on the roles of lncRNAs in sepsis is extremely limited. Herein, to decipher the underlying functions of lncRNAs, we reexplored the 83 transcriptome datasets from specimens with sepsis, no_sepsis by final diagnosis, and control. The results of differentially expressed genes (DEGs), differentially expressed lncRNA (DElncRNA) analysis, and co-expression analysis of lncRNA–mRNA pairs were obtained. We found that the expression pattern of lncRNAs was significantly activated in sepsis specimens, which was clearly distinguished in sepsis from no_sepsis and control specimens. By performing co-expression analysis, we found DElncRNAs were closely related to T-cell activation and immune response–related terms in sepsis by regulating mRNA expression in the trans manner. The lncRNA–mRNA network and the qRT-PCR test revealed that lncRNAs LINC00861, RP11-284N8.3, and CTB-61M7.2 were significantly correlated with the pathogenesis of sepsis. In addition, weighted gene co-expression analysis (WGCNA) and cis-regulation analysis also revealed sepsis-specific lncRNAs were highly associated with important biological processes correlated with sepsis. In summary, the systematic dysregulation of lncRNAs is tightly involved in the remodeling of gene expression regulatory network in sepsis, and the lncRNA–mRNA expression network may be used to refine biomarker predictions for developing novel therapeutic approaches in sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanwei Cheng
- Department of Emergency, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, People's Hospital of Henan University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xue Cao
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, People's Hospital of Henan University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jiange Zhang
- Department of Emergency, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, People's Hospital of Henan University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Dong Chen
- ABLife BioBigData Institute, Wuhan, China
| | - Juan Zhu
- Department of Emergency, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, People's Hospital of Henan University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Lijun Xu
- Department of Emergency, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, People's Hospital of Henan University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Lijie Qin
- Department of Emergency, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, People's Hospital of Henan University, Zhengzhou, China
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37
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Aschbacher K, Hagan M, Steine IM, Rivera L, Cole S, Baccarella A, Epel ES, Lieberman A, Bush NR. Adversity in early life and pregnancy are immunologically distinct from total life adversity: macrophage-associated phenotypes in women exposed to interpersonal violence. Transl Psychiatry 2021; 11:391. [PMID: 34282132 PMCID: PMC8289995 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-021-01498-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Revised: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Early childhood and pregnancy are two sensitive periods of heightened immune plasticity, when exposure to adversity may disproportionately increase health risks. However, we need deeper phenotyping to disentangle the impact of adversity during sensitive periods from that across the total lifespan. This study examined whether retrospective reports of adversity during childhood or pregnancy were associated with inflammatory imbalance, in an ethnically diverse cohort of 53 low-income women seeking family-based trauma treatment following exposure to interpersonal violence. Structured interviews assessed early life adversity (trauma exposure ≤ age 5), pregnancy adversity, and total lifetime adversity. Blood serum was assayed for pro-inflammatory (TNF-a, IL-1ß, IL-6, and CRP) and anti-inflammatory (IL-1RA, IL-4, and IL-10) cytokines. CD14+ monocytes were isolated in a subsample (n = 42) and gene expression assayed by RNA sequencing (Illumina HiSeq 4000; TruSeq cDNA library). The primary outcome was a macrophage-associated M1/M2 gene expression phenotype. To evaluate sensitivity and specificity, we contrasted M1/M2 gene expression with a second, clinically-validated macrophage-associated immunosuppressive phenotype (endotoxin tolerance) and with pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokine levels. Adjusting for demographics, socioeconomic status, and psychopathology, higher adversity in early life (ß = .337, p = 0.029) and pregnancy (ß = .332, p = 0.032) were each associated with higher M1/M2 gene expression, whereas higher lifetime adversity (ß = -.341, p = 0.031) was associated with lower immunosuppressive gene expression. Adversity during sensitive periods was uniquely associated with M1/M2 imbalance, among low-income women with interpersonal violence exposure. Given that M1/M2 imbalance is found in sepsis, severe COVID-19 and myriad chronic diseases, these findings implicate novel immune mechanisms underlying the impact of adversity on health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirstin Aschbacher
- Department of Psychiatry, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, USA.
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, USA.
- The Institute for Integrative Health, San Francisco, USA.
| | - Melissa Hagan
- Department of Psychiatry, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, USA
- Department of Psychology, College of Science & Engineering, San Francisco State University, San Francisco, USA
| | - Iris M Steine
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Berkeley, USA
- Department of Psychosocial Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Luisa Rivera
- Department of Anthropology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Steve Cole
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, USA
| | | | - Elissa S Epel
- Department of Psychiatry, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, USA
| | - Alicia Lieberman
- Department of Psychiatry, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, USA
| | - Nicole R Bush
- Department of Psychiatry, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, USA
- Center for Health and Community, University of California, San Francisco, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Developmental Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, USA
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38
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O'Connor KM, Ashoori M, Dias ML, Dempsey EM, O'Halloran KD, McDonald FB. Influence of innate immune activation on endocrine and metabolic pathways in infancy. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2021; 321:E24-E46. [PMID: 33900849 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00542.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Prematurity is the leading cause of neonatal morbidity and mortality worldwide. Premature infants often require extended hospital stays, with increased risk of developing infection compared with term infants. A picture is emerging of wide-ranging deleterious consequences resulting from innate immune system activation in the newborn infant. Those who survive infection have been exposed to a stimulus that can impose long-lasting alterations into later life. In this review, we discuss sepsis-driven alterations in integrated neuroendocrine and metabolic pathways and highlight current knowledge gaps in respect of neonatal sepsis. We review established biomarkers for sepsis and extend the discussion to examine emerging findings from human and animal models of neonatal sepsis that propose novel biomarkers for early identification of sepsis. Future research in this area is required to establish a greater understanding of the distinct neonatal signature of early and late-stage infection, to improve diagnosis, curtail inappropriate antibiotic use, and promote precision medicine through a biomarker-guided empirical and adjunctive treatment approach for neonatal sepsis. There is an unmet clinical need to decrease sepsis-induced morbidity in neonates, to limit and prevent adverse consequences in later life and decrease mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- K M O'Connor
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine and Health, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - M Ashoori
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine and Health, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- Irish Centre for Maternal and Child Health Research (INFANT), University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - M L Dias
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine and Health, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - E M Dempsey
- Irish Centre for Maternal and Child Health Research (INFANT), University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, School of Medicine, College of Medicine and Health, Cork University Hospital, Wilton, Cork, Ireland
| | - K D O'Halloran
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine and Health, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- Irish Centre for Maternal and Child Health Research (INFANT), University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - F B McDonald
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine and Health, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- Irish Centre for Maternal and Child Health Research (INFANT), University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
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39
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Brook B, Harbeson DJ, Shannon CP, Cai B, He D, Ben-Othman R, Francis F, Huang J, Varankovich N, Liu A, Bao W, Bjerregaard-Andersen M, Schaltz-Buchholzer F, Sanca L, Golding CN, Larsen KL, Levy O, Kampmann B, Tan R, Charles A, Wynn JL, Shann F, Aaby P, Benn CS, Tebbutt SJ, Kollmann TR, Amenyogbe N. BCG vaccination-induced emergency granulopoiesis provides rapid protection from neonatal sepsis. Sci Transl Med 2021; 12:12/542/eaax4517. [PMID: 32376769 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aax4517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2019] [Revised: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Death from sepsis in the neonatal period remains a serious threat for millions. Within 3 days of administration, bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccination can reduce mortality from neonatal sepsis in human newborns, but the underlying mechanism for this rapid protection is unknown. We found that BCG was also protective in a mouse model of neonatal polymicrobial sepsis, where it induced granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) within hours of administration. This was necessary and sufficient to drive emergency granulopoiesis (EG), resulting in a marked increase in neutrophils. This increase in neutrophils was directly and quantitatively responsible for protection from sepsis. Rapid induction of EG after BCG administration also occurred in three independent cohorts of human neonates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byron Brook
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of British Columbia, 2775 Laurel Street, 10th Floor, Room 10117, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1M9, Canada
| | - Danny J Harbeson
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of British Columbia, 2775 Laurel Street, 10th Floor, Room 10117, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1M9, Canada
| | - Casey P Shannon
- PROOF Centre of Excellence, British Columbia, 10th floor, 1190 Hornby Street, Vancouver, BC V6Z 2K5, Canada.,UBC Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, St. Paul's Hospital, 1081 Burrard Street, Vancouver, BC V6Z 1Y6, Canada
| | - Bing Cai
- Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, and BC Children's Hospital, 4480 Oak Street, Vancouver, BC V6H 3V4, Canada
| | - Daniel He
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of British Columbia, 2775 Laurel Street, 10th Floor, Room 10117, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1M9, Canada.,PROOF Centre of Excellence, British Columbia, 10th floor, 1190 Hornby Street, Vancouver, BC V6Z 2K5, Canada.,UBC Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, St. Paul's Hospital, 1081 Burrard Street, Vancouver, BC V6Z 1Y6, Canada
| | - Rym Ben-Othman
- Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, and BC Children's Hospital, 4480 Oak Street, Vancouver, BC V6H 3V4, Canada
| | - Freddy Francis
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of British Columbia, 2775 Laurel Street, 10th Floor, Room 10117, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1M9, Canada
| | - Joe Huang
- Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, and BC Children's Hospital, 4480 Oak Street, Vancouver, BC V6H 3V4, Canada
| | - Natallia Varankovich
- Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, and BC Children's Hospital, 4480 Oak Street, Vancouver, BC V6H 3V4, Canada
| | - Aaron Liu
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of British Columbia, 2775 Laurel Street, 10th Floor, Room 10117, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1M9, Canada
| | - Winnie Bao
- Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, and BC Children's Hospital, 4480 Oak Street, Vancouver, BC V6H 3V4, Canada
| | - Morten Bjerregaard-Andersen
- Bandim Health Project, Indepth Network, Apartado 861, 1004 Bissau, Guinea-Bissau.,Research Center for Vitamins and Vaccines (CVIVA), Statens Serum Institut (SSI), Artillerivej 5, 2300 Copenhagen S, Denmark.,Department of Endocrinology, Odense University Hospital, Kløvervænget 6, 5000 Odense C, Denmark
| | - Frederik Schaltz-Buchholzer
- Bandim Health Project, Indepth Network, Apartado 861, 1004 Bissau, Guinea-Bissau.,Research Center for Vitamins and Vaccines (CVIVA), Statens Serum Institut (SSI), Artillerivej 5, 2300 Copenhagen S, Denmark.,OPEN, Institute of Clinical Research and Danish Institute for Advanced Science, University of Southern Denmark, and Odense University Hospital, J.B. Winsløws Vej, 5000 Odense C, Denmark
| | - Lilica Sanca
- Bandim Health Project, Indepth Network, Apartado 861, 1004 Bissau, Guinea-Bissau
| | - Christian N Golding
- Bandim Health Project, Indepth Network, Apartado 861, 1004 Bissau, Guinea-Bissau.,Research Center for Vitamins and Vaccines (CVIVA), Statens Serum Institut (SSI), Artillerivej 5, 2300 Copenhagen S, Denmark
| | - Kristina Lindberg Larsen
- Bandim Health Project, Indepth Network, Apartado 861, 1004 Bissau, Guinea-Bissau.,Research Center for Vitamins and Vaccines (CVIVA), Statens Serum Institut (SSI), Artillerivej 5, 2300 Copenhagen S, Denmark
| | - Ofer Levy
- Precision Vaccines Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Beate Kampmann
- Vaccines and Immunity Theme, Medical Research Council Unit, The Gambia at the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Atlantic Boulevard, P.O. Box 273, Banjul, The Gambia.,Vaccine Centre, Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London WC1E 7HT, UK
| | | | - Rusung Tan
- Department of Pathology, Sidra Medicine and Weill Cornell Medicine, Doha, Qatar
| | - Adrian Charles
- Department of Pathology, Sidra Medicine and Weill Cornell Medicine, Doha, Qatar
| | - James L Wynn
- Department of Paediatrics and Department of Pathology, Immunology, and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida, P.O. Box 100296, Gainesville, FL 32610-0296, USA
| | - Frank Shann
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Peter Aaby
- Bandim Health Project, Indepth Network, Apartado 861, 1004 Bissau, Guinea-Bissau
| | - Christine S Benn
- Bandim Health Project, Indepth Network, Apartado 861, 1004 Bissau, Guinea-Bissau.,Research Center for Vitamins and Vaccines (CVIVA), Statens Serum Institut (SSI), Artillerivej 5, 2300 Copenhagen S, Denmark.,OPEN, Institute of Clinical Research and Danish Institute for Advanced Science, University of Southern Denmark, and Odense University Hospital, J.B. Winsløws Vej, 5000 Odense C, Denmark
| | - Scott J Tebbutt
- PROOF Centre of Excellence, British Columbia, 10th floor, 1190 Hornby Street, Vancouver, BC V6Z 2K5, Canada.,UBC Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, St. Paul's Hospital, 1081 Burrard Street, Vancouver, BC V6Z 1Y6, Canada.,Department of Medicine, Division of Respiratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1M9, Canada
| | - Tobias R Kollmann
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of British Columbia, 2775 Laurel Street, 10th Floor, Room 10117, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1M9, Canada. .,Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, and BC Children's Hospital, 4480 Oak Street, Vancouver, BC V6H 3V4, Canada.,Telethon Kids Institute, 100 Roberts Road, Subiaco, Western Australia 6008, Australia
| | - Nelly Amenyogbe
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of British Columbia, 2775 Laurel Street, 10th Floor, Room 10117, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1M9, Canada. .,Telethon Kids Institute, 100 Roberts Road, Subiaco, Western Australia 6008, Australia
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40
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Jarczak D, Kluge S, Nierhaus A. Sepsis-Pathophysiology and Therapeutic Concepts. Front Med (Lausanne) 2021; 8:628302. [PMID: 34055825 PMCID: PMC8160230 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.628302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Sepsis is a life-threatening condition and a global disease burden. Today, the heterogeneous syndrome is defined as severe organ dysfunction caused by a dysregulated host response to infection, with renewed emphasis on immune pathophysiology. Despite all efforts of experimental and clinical research during the last three decades, the ability to positively influence course and outcome of the syndrome remains limited. Evidence-based therapy still consists of basic causal and supportive measures, while adjuvant interventions such as blood purification or targeted immunotherapy largely remain without proof of effectiveness so far. With this review, we aim to provide an overview of sepsis immune pathophysiology, to update the choice of therapeutic approaches targeting different immunological mechanisms in the course of sepsis and septic shock, and to call for a paradigm shift from the pathogen to the host response as a potentially more promising angle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominik Jarczak
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Stefan Kluge
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Axel Nierhaus
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
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41
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The Need of Enterococcal Coverage in Severe Intra-Abdominal Infection: Evidence from Animal Study. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10051027. [PMID: 33801494 PMCID: PMC7958860 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10051027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Revised: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Intra-abdominal infection (IAI) is a common and important cause of infectious mortality in intensive care units. Adequate source control and appropriate antimicrobial regimens are key in the management of IAI. In community-acquired IAI, guidelines recommend the use of different antimicrobial regimens according to severity. However, the evidence for this is weak. We investigated the effect of enterococcal coverage in antimicrobial regimens in a severe polymicrobial IAI model. We investigated the effects of imipenem/cilastatin (IMP) and ceftriaxone with metronidazole (CTX + M) in a rat model of severe IAI. We observed the survival rate and bacterial clearance rate. We identified the bacteria in blood culture. We measured lactate, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), creatinine, interleukin (IL)-6, IL-10, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the blood. Endotoxin tolerance of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) was also estimated to determine the level of immune suppression. In the severe IAI model, IMP improved survival and bacterial clearance compared to CTX + M. Enterococcus spp. were more frequently isolated in the CTX + M group. IMP also decreased plasma lactate, cytokine, and ROS levels. ALT and creatinine levels were lower in IMP group. In the mild-to-moderate IAI model, however, there was no survival difference between the groups. Immune suppression of PBMCs was observed in IAI model, and it was more prominent in the severe IAI model. Compared to CTX + M, IMP improved the outcome of rats in severe IAI model.
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42
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LPS Tolerance Inhibits Cellular Respiration and Induces Global Changes in the Macrophage Secretome. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11020164. [PMID: 33513762 PMCID: PMC7918892 DOI: 10.3390/biom11020164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Revised: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory response plays an essential role in the resolution of infections. However, inflammation can be detrimental to an organism and cause irreparable damage. For example, during sepsis, a cytokine storm can lead to multiple organ failures and often results in death. One of the strongest triggers of the inflammatory response is bacterial lipopolysaccharides (LPS), acting mostly through Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4). Paradoxically, while exposure to LPS triggers a robust inflammatory response, repeated or prolonged exposure to LPS can induce a state of endotoxin tolerance, a phenomenon where macrophages and monocytes do not respond to new endotoxin challenges, and it is often associated with secondary infections and negative outcomes. The cellular mechanisms regulating this phenomenon remain elusive. We used metabolic measurements to confirm differences in the cellular metabolism of naïve macrophages and that of macrophages responding to LPS stimulation or those in the LPS-tolerant state. In parallel, we performed an unbiased secretome survey using quantitative mass spectrometry during the induction of LPS tolerance, creating the first comprehensive secretome profile of endotoxin-tolerant cells. The secretome changes confirmed that LPS-tolerant macrophages have significantly decreased cellular metabolism and that the proteins secreted by LPS-tolerant macrophages have a strong association with cell survival, protein metabolism, and the metabolism of reactive oxygen species.
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43
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Melbourne JK, Rosen C, Chase KA, Feiner B, Sharma RP. Monocyte Transcriptional Profiling Highlights a Shift in Immune Signatures Over the Course of Illness in Schizophrenia. Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:649494. [PMID: 34054608 PMCID: PMC8160367 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.649494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
With advanced understanding of the intricate interplay between the immune and central nervous systems in neurological and neuropsychiatric illness, there is renewed interest in the potential contribution of immune dysregulation to the development and progression of schizophrenia. To inform this line of inquiry requires a more nuanced understanding of specific immune changes throughout the course of illness. Here, we utilized a genome-wide sequencing approach to transcriptionally profile circulating monocytes in participants with chronic schizophrenia. These myeloid cells, isolated from whole blood samples, are highly plastic with potentially important disease-modifying functions. Differential gene expression and gene set enrichment analyses, focusing on established monocyte phenotypic signatures, including those related to proinflammatory ("M1-like") and protective or tissue remodeling ("M2-like") functions, were carried out. We demonstrate an overall enrichment of both "M1-like" (interferon-alpha, interferon-gamma, lipopolysaccharide acute) and "M2-like" (endotoxin tolerance, glucocorticoid acute) monocyte signatures in the participants with schizophrenia compared to non-psychiatric controls. There was no enrichment of the "M1-like" chronic stress signature or the "M2-like" interleukin-4 signature. Using the Molecular Signatures Database Hallmark gene sets list, the "interferon response" was most strongly enriched in schizophrenia compared to controls. Additionally, an exploratory subgroup analysis based on illness duration suggests a shift in monocyte phenotype with illness progression. Specifically, the "M1-like" interferon-gamma signature shows decreased enrichment accompanied by increased enrichment of opposing "M2-like" signatures in participants with a medium illness duration shifting to a strong enrichment of interferon response signatures only in participants with a long illness duration. These findings related to circulating immune cell phenotype have potentially important implications for understanding the role of immune dysregulation in schizophrenia and are a critical consideration for future study design and immune-targeting treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer K Melbourne
- Department of Psychiatry, The Psychiatric Institute, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Cherise Rosen
- Department of Psychiatry, The Psychiatric Institute, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Kayla A Chase
- Department of Psychiatry, The Psychiatric Institute, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Benjamin Feiner
- Department of Psychiatry, The Psychiatric Institute, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Rajiv P Sharma
- Department of Psychiatry, The Psychiatric Institute, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
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44
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Schmidt M, Hopp L, Arakelyan A, Kirsten H, Engel C, Wirkner K, Krohn K, Burkhardt R, Thiery J, Loeffler M, Loeffler-Wirth H, Binder H. The Human Blood Transcriptome in a Large Population Cohort and Its Relation to Aging and Health. Front Big Data 2020; 3:548873. [PMID: 33693414 PMCID: PMC7931910 DOI: 10.3389/fdata.2020.548873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: The blood transcriptome is expected to provide a detailed picture of an organism's physiological state with potential outcomes for applications in medical diagnostics and molecular and epidemiological research. We here present the analysis of blood specimens of 3,388 adult individuals, together with phenotype characteristics such as disease history, medication status, lifestyle factors, and body mass index (BMI). The size and heterogeneity of this data challenges analytics in terms of dimension reduction, knowledge mining, feature extraction, and data integration. Methods: Self-organizing maps (SOM)-machine learning was applied to study transcriptional states on a population-wide scale. This method permits a detailed description and visualization of the molecular heterogeneity of transcriptomes and of their association with different phenotypic features. Results: The diversity of transcriptomes is described by personalized SOM-portraits, which specify the samples in terms of modules of co-expressed genes of different functional context. We identified two major blood transcriptome types where type 1 was found more in men, the elderly, and overweight people and it upregulated genes associated with inflammation and increased heme metabolism, while type 2 was predominantly found in women, younger, and normal weight participants and it was associated with activated immune responses, transcriptional, ribosomal, mitochondrial, and telomere-maintenance cell-functions. We find a striking overlap of signatures shared by multiple diseases, aging, and obesity driven by an underlying common pattern, which was associated with the immune response and the increase of inflammatory processes. Conclusions: Machine learning applications for large and heterogeneous omics data provide a holistic view on the diversity of the human blood transcriptome. It provides a tool for comparative analyses of transcriptional signatures and of associated phenotypes in population studies and medical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Schmidt
- IZBI, Interdisciplinary Centre for Bioinformatics, Universität Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Lydia Hopp
- IZBI, Interdisciplinary Centre for Bioinformatics, Universität Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Arsen Arakelyan
- BIG, Group of Bioinformatics, Institute of Molecular Biology, National Academy of Sciences, Yerevan, Armenia
| | - Holger Kirsten
- IMISE, Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics and Epidemiology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.,Leipzig Research Centre for Civilization Diseases, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Christoph Engel
- IMISE, Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics and Epidemiology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.,Leipzig Research Centre for Civilization Diseases, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Kerstin Wirkner
- IMISE, Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics and Epidemiology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.,Leipzig Research Centre for Civilization Diseases, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Knut Krohn
- Leipzig Research Centre for Civilization Diseases, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.,Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Chemistry and Molecular Diagnostics, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Ralph Burkhardt
- Leipzig Research Centre for Civilization Diseases, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.,Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Chemistry and Molecular Diagnostics, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Joachim Thiery
- Leipzig Research Centre for Civilization Diseases, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.,Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Chemistry and Molecular Diagnostics, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Markus Loeffler
- IZBI, Interdisciplinary Centre for Bioinformatics, Universität Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.,IMISE, Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics and Epidemiology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.,Leipzig Research Centre for Civilization Diseases, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Henry Loeffler-Wirth
- IZBI, Interdisciplinary Centre for Bioinformatics, Universität Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Hans Binder
- IZBI, Interdisciplinary Centre for Bioinformatics, Universität Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.,Leipzig Research Centre for Civilization Diseases, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
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45
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Soni D, Van Haren SD, Idoko OT, Evans JT, Diray-Arce J, Dowling DJ, Levy O. Towards Precision Vaccines: Lessons From the Second International Precision Vaccines Conference. Front Immunol 2020; 11:590373. [PMID: 33178222 PMCID: PMC7593811 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.590373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Other than clean drinking water, vaccines have been the most effective public health intervention in human history, yet their full potential is still untapped. To date, vaccine development has been largely limited to empirical approaches focused on infectious diseases and has targeted entire populations, potentially disregarding distinct immunity in vulnerable populations such as infants, elders, and the immunocompromised. Over the past few decades innovations in genetic engineering, adjuvant discovery, formulation science, and systems biology have fueled rapid advances in vaccine research poised to consider demographic factors (e.g., age, sex, genetics, and epigenetics) in vaccine discovery and development. Current efforts are focused on leveraging novel approaches to vaccine discovery and development to optimize vaccinal antigen and, as needed, adjuvant systems to enhance vaccine immunogenicity while maintaining safety. These approaches are ushering in an era of precision vaccinology aimed at tailoring immunization for vulnerable populations with distinct immunity. To foster collaboration among leading vaccinologists, government, policy makers, industry partners, and funders from around the world, the Precision Vaccines Program at Boston Children's Hospital hosted the 2nd International Precision Vaccines Conference (IPVC) at Harvard Medical School on the 17th-18th October 2019. The conference convened experts in vaccinology, including vaccine formulation and adjuvantation, immunology, cell signaling, systems biology, biostatistics, bioinformatics, as well as vaccines for non-infectious indications such as cancer and opioid use disorder. Herein we review highlights from the 2nd IPVC and discuss key concepts in the field of precision vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dheeraj Soni
- Precision Vaccines Program, Division of Infectious Diseases, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Simon D. Van Haren
- Precision Vaccines Program, Division of Infectious Diseases, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Olubukola T. Idoko
- Precision Vaccines Program, Division of Infectious Diseases, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
- Vaccine Centre, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jay T. Evans
- Center for Translational Medicine, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, United States
| | - Joann Diray-Arce
- Precision Vaccines Program, Division of Infectious Diseases, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- Broad Institute of MIT & Harvard, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - David J. Dowling
- Precision Vaccines Program, Division of Infectious Diseases, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Ofer Levy
- Precision Vaccines Program, Division of Infectious Diseases, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- Broad Institute of MIT & Harvard, Cambridge, MA, United States
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46
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van der Slikke EC, An AY, Hancock REW, Bouma HR. Exploring the pathophysiology of post-sepsis syndrome to identify therapeutic opportunities. EBioMedicine 2020; 61:103044. [PMID: 33039713 PMCID: PMC7544455 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2020.103044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Sepsis is a major health problem worldwide. As the number of sepsis cases increases, so does the number of sepsis survivors who suffer from “post-sepsis syndrome” after hospital discharge. This syndrome involves deficits in multiple systems, including the immune, cognitive, psychiatric, cardiovascular, and renal systems. Combined, these detrimental consequences lead to rehospitalizations, poorer quality of life, and increased mortality. Understanding the pathophysiology of these issues is crucial to develop new therapeutic opportunities to improve survival rate and quality of life of sepsis survivors. Such novel strategies include modulating the immune system and addressing mitochondrial dysfunction. A sepsis follow-up clinic may be useful to identify long-term health issues associated with post-sepsis syndrome and evaluate existing and novel strategies to improve the lives of sepsis survivors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth C van der Slikke
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, , P.O. Box 30.001, EB70, 9700 RB, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Andy Y An
- Centre for Microbial Diseases and Immunity Research, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Robert E W Hancock
- Centre for Microbial Diseases and Immunity Research, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Hjalmar R Bouma
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, , P.O. Box 30.001, EB70, 9700 RB, Groningen, The Netherlands; Department of Internal Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
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47
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Alford MA, Baquir B, Santana FL, Haney EF, Hancock REW. Cathelicidin Host Defense Peptides and Inflammatory Signaling: Striking a Balance. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:1902. [PMID: 32982998 PMCID: PMC7481365 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.01902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Host-defense peptides (HDPs) are vital components of innate immunity in all vertebrates. While their antibacterial activity toward bacterial cells was the original focus for research, their ability to modulate immune and inflammatory processes has emerged as one of their major functions in the host and as a promising approach from which to develop novel therapeutics targeting inflammation and innate immunity. In this review, with particular emphasis on the cathelicidin family of peptides, the roles of natural HDPs are examined in managing immune activation, cellular recruitment, cytokine responses, and inflammation in response to infection, as well as their contribution(s) to various inflammatory disorders and autoimmune diseases. Furthermore, we discuss current efforts to develop synthetic HDPs as therapeutics aimed at restoring balance to immune responses that are dysregulated and contribute to disease pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morgan A. Alford
- Centre for Microbial Diseases and Immunity Research, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Beverlie Baquir
- Centre for Microbial Diseases and Immunity Research, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Felix L. Santana
- Centre for Microbial Diseases and Immunity Research, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Departamento de Medicina Molecular y Bioprocesos, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Mexico
| | - Evan F. Haney
- Centre for Microbial Diseases and Immunity Research, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Robert E. W. Hancock
- Centre for Microbial Diseases and Immunity Research, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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48
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Arunachalam PS, Wimmers F, Mok CKP, Perera RAPM, Scott M, Hagan T, Sigal N, Feng Y, Bristow L, Tak-Yin Tsang O, Wagh D, Coller J, Pellegrini KL, Kazmin D, Alaaeddine G, Leung WS, Chan JMC, Chik TSH, Choi CYC, Huerta C, Paine McCullough M, Lv H, Anderson E, Edupuganti S, Upadhyay AA, Bosinger SE, Maecker HT, Khatri P, Rouphael N, Peiris M, Pulendran B. Systems biological assessment of immunity to mild versus severe COVID-19 infection in humans. Science 2020; 369:1210-1220. [PMID: 32788292 DOI: 10.1126/science.abc6261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 797] [Impact Index Per Article: 199.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Revised: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) represents a global crisis, yet major knowledge gaps remain about human immunity to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). We analyzed immune responses in 76 COVID-19 patients and 69 healthy individuals from Hong Kong and Atlanta, Georgia, United States. In the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of COVID-19 patients, we observed reduced expression of human leukocyte antigen class DR (HLA-DR) and proinflammatory cytokines by myeloid cells as well as impaired mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling and interferon-α (IFN-α) production by plasmacytoid dendritic cells. By contrast, we detected enhanced plasma levels of inflammatory mediators-including EN-RAGE, TNFSF14, and oncostatin M-which correlated with disease severity and increased bacterial products in plasma. Single-cell transcriptomics revealed a lack of type I IFNs, reduced HLA-DR in the myeloid cells of patients with severe COVID-19, and transient expression of IFN-stimulated genes. This was consistent with bulk PBMC transcriptomics and transient, low IFN-α levels in plasma during infection. These results reveal mechanisms and potential therapeutic targets for COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prabhu S Arunachalam
- Institute for Immunity, Transplantation and Infection, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Florian Wimmers
- Institute for Immunity, Transplantation and Infection, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Chris Ka Pun Mok
- HKU-Pasteur Research Pole, School of Public Health, HKU Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong (HKU), Hong Kong
| | - Ranawaka A P M Perera
- Centre of Influenza Research, School of Public Health, HKU Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, HKU, Hong Kong
| | - Madeleine Scott
- Institute for Immunity, Transplantation and Infection, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.,Center for Biomedical Informatics, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Thomas Hagan
- Institute for Immunity, Transplantation and Infection, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Natalia Sigal
- Institute for Immunity, Transplantation and Infection, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Yupeng Feng
- Institute for Immunity, Transplantation and Infection, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Laurel Bristow
- Hope Clinic of the Emory Vaccine Center, Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Emory University School of Medicine, Decatur, GA 30030, USA
| | - Owen Tak-Yin Tsang
- Infectious Diseases Centre, Princess Margaret Hospital, Hospital Authority of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Dhananjay Wagh
- Stanford Functional Genomics Facility, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - John Coller
- Stanford Functional Genomics Facility, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Kathryn L Pellegrini
- Emory Vaccine Center, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
| | - Dmitri Kazmin
- Institute for Immunity, Transplantation and Infection, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Ghina Alaaeddine
- Hope Clinic of the Emory Vaccine Center, Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Emory University School of Medicine, Decatur, GA 30030, USA
| | - Wai Shing Leung
- Infectious Diseases Centre, Princess Margaret Hospital, Hospital Authority of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Jacky Man Chun Chan
- Infectious Diseases Centre, Princess Margaret Hospital, Hospital Authority of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Thomas Shiu Hong Chik
- Infectious Diseases Centre, Princess Margaret Hospital, Hospital Authority of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Chris Yau Chung Choi
- Infectious Diseases Centre, Princess Margaret Hospital, Hospital Authority of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Christopher Huerta
- Hope Clinic of the Emory Vaccine Center, Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Emory University School of Medicine, Decatur, GA 30030, USA
| | - Michele Paine McCullough
- Hope Clinic of the Emory Vaccine Center, Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Emory University School of Medicine, Decatur, GA 30030, USA
| | - Huibin Lv
- HKU-Pasteur Research Pole, School of Public Health, HKU Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong (HKU), Hong Kong
| | - Evan Anderson
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Disease, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Srilatha Edupuganti
- Hope Clinic of the Emory Vaccine Center, Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Emory University School of Medicine, Decatur, GA 30030, USA
| | - Amit A Upadhyay
- Emory Vaccine Center, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
| | - Steve E Bosinger
- Emory Vaccine Center, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
| | - Holden Terry Maecker
- Institute for Immunity, Transplantation and Infection, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Purvesh Khatri
- Institute for Immunity, Transplantation and Infection, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.,Center for Biomedical Informatics, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Nadine Rouphael
- Hope Clinic of the Emory Vaccine Center, Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Emory University School of Medicine, Decatur, GA 30030, USA
| | - Malik Peiris
- HKU-Pasteur Research Pole, School of Public Health, HKU Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong (HKU), Hong Kong.,Centre of Influenza Research, School of Public Health, HKU Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, HKU, Hong Kong
| | - Bali Pulendran
- Institute for Immunity, Transplantation and Infection, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA. .,Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
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49
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Jarczak D, Kluge S, Nierhaus A. Use of Intravenous Immunoglobulins in Sepsis Therapy-A Clinical View. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E5543. [PMID: 32756325 PMCID: PMC7432410 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21155543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Revised: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Sepsis is a life-threatening organ dysfunction, defined by a dysregulated host immune response to infection. During sepsis, the finely tuned system of immunity, inflammation and anti-inflammation is disturbed in a variety of ways. Both pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory pathways are upregulated, activation of the coagulation cascade and complement and sepsis-induced lymphopenia occur. Due to the manifold interactions in this network, the use of IgM-enriched intravenous immunoglobulins seems to be a promising therapeutic approach. Unfortunately, there is still a lack of evidence-based data to answer the important questions of appropriate patient populations, optimal timing and dosage of intravenous immunoglobulins. With this review, we aim to provide an overview of the role of immunoglobulins, with emphasis on IgM-enriched formulations, in the therapy of adult patients with sepsis and septic shock.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Axel Nierhaus
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany; (D.J.); (S.K.)
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50
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Abstract
Immunosuppression is the most commonly used concept to qualify the immune status of patients with either sterile systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) or sepsis. In this review we attempt to demonstrate that the concept of immunosuppression is an oversimplification of the complex anti-inflammatory response that occurs in patients dealing with a severe sterile or infectious insult. Particularly, the immune status of leukocytes varies greatly depending on the compartment from where they are derived from. Furthermore, although certain functions of immune cells present in the blood stream or in the hematopoietic organs can be significantly diminished, other functions are either unchanged or even enhanced. This juxtaposition illustrates that there is no global defect. The mechanisms called reprogramming or trained innate immunity are probably aimed at preventing a generalized deleterious inflammatory reaction, and work to maintain the defense mechanisms at their due levels.
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