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Girolametti F, Annibaldi A, Illuminati S, Damiani E, Carloni P, Ajdini B, Fanelli M, Truzzi C. Unlocking the elemental signature of European tea gardens: Implications for tea traceability. Food Chem 2024; 453:139641. [PMID: 38761733 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.139641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/20/2024]
Abstract
This study presents a comprehensive analysis of the elemental profiles of tea leaves coming from plants grown in several European gardens, with a focus on the bioaccumulation of essential and potentially toxic trace elements in relation to processing and location of tea garden. Samples were collected from various gardens across Europe, including Portugal, the Azores, Germany, the Netherlands, and Switzerland. Elemental analysis was conducted on fresh tea leaves, dried leaves, and leaves processed for the production of green and black tea, along with soil samples from the root zones of tea plants. The results reveal no significant differences in elemental content based on the processing of tea leaves. However, distinct elemental profiles were observed among tea leaves of plants grown in gardens from different European regions. Utilizing chemometric and machine learning tools, the study highlights the potential of these elemental profiles for enhancing the traceability of tea products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federico Girolametti
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Università Politecnica delle Marche, 60131 Ancona, Italy
| | - Anna Annibaldi
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Università Politecnica delle Marche, 60131 Ancona, Italy
| | - Silvia Illuminati
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Università Politecnica delle Marche, 60131 Ancona, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Damiani
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Università Politecnica delle Marche, 60131 Ancona, Italy
| | - Patricia Carloni
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences, Università Politecnica delle Marche, 60131 Ancona, Italy
| | - Behixhe Ajdini
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Università Politecnica delle Marche, 60131 Ancona, Italy
| | - Matteo Fanelli
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Università Politecnica delle Marche, 60131 Ancona, Italy
| | - Cristina Truzzi
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Università Politecnica delle Marche, 60131 Ancona, Italy.
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Huang X, Zhang M, Wang M, Wen Z, Jiang Y, Sui Y, Ma J, Liao Y, Li X. Efficient and simultaneous immobilization of fluoride and lead in water and tea garden soil by bayberry tannin foam loaded zirconium. Sci Rep 2024; 14:20901. [PMID: 39245776 PMCID: PMC11381533 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-71767-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2024] [Accepted: 08/30/2024] [Indexed: 09/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Nowadays, human activities intensified the combined pollution of fluoride and lead in acidic tea garden soil. The key to eliminating this combined pollution is to immobilize pollutants simultaneously, thus preventing their migration from tea garden soil to tea trees. In this paper, the natural product bayberry tannin was employed as raw material to fabricate functional materials (TF-Zr) for simultaneous adsorption of fluorine (F) and lead (Pb) in water and soil by the reactivity of tannin with Pb2+ and the affinity of Zr with F. SEM-Mapping, EDS, FT-IR, XPS were utilized to probe the immobilization mechanisms. The results showed that TF-Zr could simultaneously and efficiently adsorb F- and Pb2+ from water with the adsorption capacity of 5.02 mg/g (Pb) and 4.55 mg/g (F). The adsorption processes were both in accordance with the proposed secondary kinetic adsorption model. Besides, the presence of F- promoted the adsorption of Pb2+ by TF-Zr. The materials were applied into tea garden soil to explore its effect on the variation of F and Pb forms in the soil. It was found that the proportion of water-soluble fluorine, exchangeable fluorine and exchangeable lead in the tea garden soil decreased significantly, while the proportion of residual fluorine and lead increased evidently, illustrating TF-Zr possessed eximious fixation effect on the highly reactive fluorine and lead in the soil and facilitated their conversion to the more stable residue state. Therefore, TF-Zr can be used for the efficient and simultaneous immobilization of fluorine and lead in water and tea garden soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolu Huang
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu, 610066, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Land Resources Evaluation and Monitoring in Southwest, Ministry of Education of China, Chengdu, 610068, People's Republic of China
| | - Mei Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu, 610066, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Land Resources Evaluation and Monitoring in Southwest, Ministry of Education of China, Chengdu, 610068, People's Republic of China
| | - Minghui Wang
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu, 610066, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Land Resources Evaluation and Monitoring in Southwest, Ministry of Education of China, Chengdu, 610068, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhuoyu Wen
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu, 610066, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Land Resources Evaluation and Monitoring in Southwest, Ministry of Education of China, Chengdu, 610068, People's Republic of China
| | - Yamei Jiang
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu, 610066, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Land Resources Evaluation and Monitoring in Southwest, Ministry of Education of China, Chengdu, 610068, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunhao Sui
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu, 610066, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Land Resources Evaluation and Monitoring in Southwest, Ministry of Education of China, Chengdu, 610068, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Ma
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu, 610066, People's Republic of China
- Engineering Research Center for the Development of Farmland Ecosystem Service Functions, Chengdu, 610068, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Liao
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu, 610066, People's Republic of China.
- Key Laboratory of Land Resources Evaluation and Monitoring in Southwest, Ministry of Education of China, Chengdu, 610068, People's Republic of China.
- Engineering Research Center for the Development of Farmland Ecosystem Service Functions, Chengdu, 610068, Sichuan, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xiaoting Li
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu, 610066, People's Republic of China.
- Key Laboratory of Land Resources Evaluation and Monitoring in Southwest, Ministry of Education of China, Chengdu, 610068, People's Republic of China.
- Engineering Research Center for the Development of Farmland Ecosystem Service Functions, Chengdu, 610068, Sichuan, People's Republic of China.
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Narwal N, Katyal D, Malik A. Evaluation of contaminated groundwater for excessive heavy metal presence and its further assessment of the potential risk to public health. WATER ENVIRONMENT RESEARCH : A RESEARCH PUBLICATION OF THE WATER ENVIRONMENT FEDERATION 2024; 96:e11115. [PMID: 39210602 DOI: 10.1002/wer.11115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Revised: 08/03/2024] [Accepted: 08/10/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
Water plays a significant role in human life. However, the contamination of groundwater by heavy metals (HMs) has profound implications for public health. Industrialization, urbanization, and agricultural activities are turning out to be major causes for the increasing concentration of HMs in rapidly industrializing areas like Rohtak district, Haryana, India. The current study aimed at evaluating and predicting the health hazards associated with the radical rise of HMs in the groundwater of Rohtak district. For this purpose, 45 seasonal-based groundwater samples were collected from five blocks in Rohtak district, namely Kalanaur, Meham, Lakhan Majra, Rohtak City, and Sampla, both during pre- and post-monsoon seasons. Besides physicochemical analysis, these groundwater samples were analyzed for the contamination of HMs. The findings revealed that groundwater samples were relatively more contaminated during the post-monsoon period rather than pre-monsoon. The water quality index (WQI), devised to classify water quality into specific classes, depicted the Kalanaur region as "very poor." Another index named the HM pollution index (HPI) denoted the levels of HMs and categorized Kalanaur as most deteriorated, followed by Meham, Lakhan Majra, Sampla, and Rohtak City. Additionally, principal component analysis (PCA) was employed that showed a significant variation in the distribution pattern of HMs, with the major load being attributed to PC1 and PC2 for both seasons. Pearson's correlation analysis indicated a significant association of pH (R2 = 0.917) with HMs (specifically for Cd and Cr). In terms of health risk assessment, carcinogenic human health risk due to Pb and Cr was found to be higher in children than adults. Non-carcinogenic risk, indicative of harmful human health effects, apart from cancer, was calculated in terms of hazard quotient (HQ) and hazard index (HI). Results of the same, designated "children" as a vulnerable category compared with "adults," especially in the Kalanaur, Sampla, and Rohtak City blocks of the study area. The results thus reiterated that Kalanaur is the most contaminated block among the five blocks chosen and should be given urgent attention. The study holds importance as it provides a framework regarding the methodology that should be adapted for the evaluation, management, and protection of groundwater at a regional level, which could further be replicated by environmentalists and hydrogeologists across the world. PRACTITIONER POINTS: Water logging is one of the most common problems in Kalanaur block of Rohtak district, responsible for causing groundwater pollution. Cadmium and lead pollution was prevalent in Rohtak due to electroplating industries, paint industry, automobile sector, and industrial discharge. Bioremediation is one of the suitable techniques that can be used for the treatment of groundwater that involves the use of microorganisms. Efficient use of groundwater resources is necessary for sustainable development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nishita Narwal
- University School of Environment Management, Guru Gobind Singh Indraprastha University, New Delhi, India
| | - Deeksha Katyal
- University School of Environment Management, Guru Gobind Singh Indraprastha University, New Delhi, India
| | - Aastha Malik
- University School of Environment Management, Guru Gobind Singh Indraprastha University, New Delhi, India
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Wu Y, Xia Y, Mu L, Liu W, Wang Q, Su T, Yang Q, Milinga A, Zhang Y. Health Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals in Agricultural Soils Based on Multi-Receptor Modeling Combined with Monte Carlo Simulation. TOXICS 2024; 12:643. [PMID: 39330571 PMCID: PMC11436181 DOI: 10.3390/toxics12090643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2024] [Revised: 08/23/2024] [Accepted: 08/27/2024] [Indexed: 09/28/2024]
Abstract
The spatial characteristics, pollution sources, and risks of soil heavy metals were analyzed on Hainan Island. The results showed that the heavily polluted points accounted for 0.56%, and the number of mildly and above polluted points accounted for 15.27%, respectively, which were mainly distributed in the northern part of the study area. The principal component analysis-absolute principal component score-multiple linear regression (APCS-MLR) and the positive matrix factorization (PMF) revealed four sources of heavy metals: agricultural pollution sources for cadmium, (Cd), industrial and mining pollution sources for arsenic, (As), transportation pollution sources for zinc and lead (Zn and Pb), and natural pollution sources for chromium, nickel, and copper (Cr, Ni, and Cu). The human health risk assessment indicated that the average non-carcinogenic risk (HI) for both adults and children was within the safe threshold (<1), whereas Cr and Ni posed a carcinogenic risk (CR) to human health. In addition, the total non-carcinogenic risk (THI) indicated that heavy metals posed a potential non-carcinogenic risk to children, while the total carcinogenic risk (TCR) remained relatively high, mainly in the northern part of the study area. The results of the Monte Carlo simulation showed that the non-carcinogenic risk (HI) for all heavy metals was <1, but the total non-carcinogenic risk index (THI) for children was >1, indicating a potential health risk above the safe threshold. Meanwhile, nearly 100% and 99.94% of the TCR values exceeded 1 × 10-4 for children and adults, indicating that Cr and Ni are priority heavy metals for control. The research results provide the necessary scientific basis for the prevention and control of heavy metals in agricultural soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yundong Wu
- Center for Eco-Environment Restoration Engineering of Hainan Province, School of Ecology and Environment, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China; (Y.W.); (Y.X.); (Q.W.); (T.S.); (Q.Y.); (A.M.)
| | - Yan Xia
- Center for Eco-Environment Restoration Engineering of Hainan Province, School of Ecology and Environment, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China; (Y.W.); (Y.X.); (Q.W.); (T.S.); (Q.Y.); (A.M.)
| | - Li Mu
- Key Laboratory for Environmental Factors Control of Agro-Product Quality Safety (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Tianjin Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment and Safe-Product, Institute of Agro-Environmental Protection, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tianjin 300191, China
| | - Wenjie Liu
- Center for Eco-Environment Restoration Engineering of Hainan Province, School of Ecology and Environment, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China; (Y.W.); (Y.X.); (Q.W.); (T.S.); (Q.Y.); (A.M.)
| | - Qiuying Wang
- Center for Eco-Environment Restoration Engineering of Hainan Province, School of Ecology and Environment, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China; (Y.W.); (Y.X.); (Q.W.); (T.S.); (Q.Y.); (A.M.)
| | - Tianyan Su
- Center for Eco-Environment Restoration Engineering of Hainan Province, School of Ecology and Environment, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China; (Y.W.); (Y.X.); (Q.W.); (T.S.); (Q.Y.); (A.M.)
| | - Qiu Yang
- Center for Eco-Environment Restoration Engineering of Hainan Province, School of Ecology and Environment, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China; (Y.W.); (Y.X.); (Q.W.); (T.S.); (Q.Y.); (A.M.)
| | - Amani Milinga
- Center for Eco-Environment Restoration Engineering of Hainan Province, School of Ecology and Environment, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China; (Y.W.); (Y.X.); (Q.W.); (T.S.); (Q.Y.); (A.M.)
| | - Yanwei Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Environmental Factors Control of Agro-Product Quality Safety (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Tianjin Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment and Safe-Product, Institute of Agro-Environmental Protection, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tianjin 300191, China
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Ahmed M, Ahmad M, Khan MA, Sohail A, Sanaullah M, Ahmad W, Iqbal DN, Khalid K, Wani TA, Zargar S. Assessment of carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risk of exposure to potentially toxic elements in tea infusions: Determination by ICP-OES and multivariate statistical data analysis. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2024; 84:127454. [PMID: 38669815 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2024.127454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2024] [Revised: 03/17/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The perennial evergreen tea (Camellia sinensis) plant is one of the most popular nonalcoholic drinks in the world. Fertilizers and industrial, agricultural, and municipal activities are the usual drivers of soil contamination, contaminating tea plants with potentially toxic elements (PTEs). These elements might potentially accumulate to larger amounts in the leaves of plants after being taken up from the soil. Thus, frequent monitoring of these elements is critically important. METHODS The present study intended to determine PTEs (Al, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Cd, and Pb) in both tea leaves and infusions using ICP-OES. Various multivariate data analysis methods such as principal component analysis (PCA) and hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) were employed to elucidate the potential sources of PTEs contamination, whether from anthropogenic activities or natural origins. Additionally, Pearson's correlation coefficient (PCC) was calculated to assess the relationships between the variables under study. RESULTS The mean contents (mg/L) of all studied elements in tea infusions decreased in order Mn (150.59 ± 1.66) > Fe (11.39 ± 0.99) > Zn (6.62 ± 0.89) > Cu (5.86 ± 0.62) > Co (3.25 ± 0.64) > Ni (1.69 ± 0.23) > Pb (1.08 ± 0.16) > Cr (0.57 ± 0.09) > Cd (0.46 ± 0.09) > Al (0.05 ± 0.008), indicating that Mn exhibits the highest abundance. The mean concentration trend in tea leaf samples mirrored that of infusions, albeit with higher concentrations of PTEs in the former. The tolerable dietary intake (TDI) value for Ni and provisional tolerable monthly intake (PTMI) value for Cd surpassed the standards set by the WHO and EFSA. Calculated hazard index (HI < 1) and cumulative cancer risk (CCR) values suggest negligible exposure risk. CONCLUSION Elevated levels of PTEs in commonly consumed tea products concern the public and regulatory agencies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmood Ahmed
- Department of Chemistry, Division of Science and Technology, University of Education, College Road, Lahore, Pakistan.
| | - Muhammad Ahmad
- Department of Chemistry, Division of Science and Technology, University of Education, College Road, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Ayyan Khan
- Department of Chemistry, Division of Science and Technology, University of Education, College Road, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Aamir Sohail
- Department of Chemistry, Division of Science and Technology, University of Education, College Road, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Mudassar Sanaullah
- Department of Chemistry, Division of Science and Technology, University of Education, College Road, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Waqar Ahmad
- Department of Chemistry, University of Gujrat, Gujrat, Pakistan
| | - Dure Najaf Iqbal
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Khuram Khalid
- Faculty of Applied Science and Technology، Sheridan College, 7899 McLaughlin Road Brampton, Ontario L6Y 5H9, Canada
| | - Tanveer A Wani
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Seema Zargar
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 222452, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
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Peng Y, Song H, Jin T, Yang R, Shi J. Distribution characteristics of potentially toxic metal(loid)s in the soil and in tea plant (Camellia sinensis). Sci Rep 2024; 14:14741. [PMID: 38926601 PMCID: PMC11208595 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-65674-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Potentially toxic metal(loid) assessment of tea and tea garden soil is a vital guarantee of tea safety and is very necessary. This study analyzed the distribution of seven potentially toxic metal(loid)s in different organs of the tea plants and soil at various depths in the Yangai tea farm of Guiyang City, Guizhou Province, China. Although soil potentially toxic metal(loid) in the study area is safe, there should be attention to the health risks of Cu, Ni, As, and Pb in the later stages of tea garden management. Soil As and Pb are primarily from anthropogenic sources, soil Zn is mainly affected by natural sources and human activities, and soil with other potentially toxic metal(loid) is predominantly from natural sources. Tea plants might be the enrichment of Zn and the exclusion or tolerance of As, Cu, Ni, and Pb. The tea plant has a strong ability for absorbing Cd and preferentially storing it in its roots, stems, and mature leaves. Although the Cd and other potentially toxic metal(loid)s content of tea in Guizhou Province is generally within the range of edible safety, with the increase of tea planting years, it is essential to take corresponding measures to prevent the potential health risks of Cd and other potentially toxic metal(loid)s in tea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yishu Peng
- College of Tea Science, Guizhou University, Huaxi District, Guiyang, 550025, Guizhou, People's Republic of China.
- College of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Guizhou University, Huaxi District, Guiyang, 550025, Guizhou, People's Republic of China.
| | - Haijie Song
- College of Tea Science, Guizhou University, Huaxi District, Guiyang, 550025, Guizhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Jin
- Institute of Mountain Resources of Guizhou Province, Guizhou Academy of Sciences, Guiyang, 550001, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruidong Yang
- College of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Guizhou University, Huaxi District, Guiyang, 550025, Guizhou, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jing Shi
- College of Tea Science, Guizhou University, Huaxi District, Guiyang, 550025, Guizhou, People's Republic of China
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Gogoi BB, Yeasin M, Paul RK, Borgohain A, Deka D, Malakar H, Saikia J, Rahman FH, Panja S, Sarkar A, Maiti CS, Bordoloi J, Karak T. The Level of Selected Metals in Made Tea and Tea Infusion from the Roadside Tea Plants and Health Risk Assessment. Biol Trace Elem Res 2024; 202:2900-2920. [PMID: 37755587 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-023-03865-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Abstract
The effects of human activities are becoming clearer every year, with multiple reports of struggling and eroded ecosystems resulting in new threats of plant and animal extinctions throughout the world. It has been speculated that roadside tea-growing soils impact on metal dynamics from soil to tea plants and subsequently to tea infusion which may be threatened by increasingly unpredictable and dangerous surroundings. Furthermore, heavy metals released from vehicles on the national highway (NH) could be a source of metal contamination in roadside tea soils and tea plants. This study was articulated to realize the effect of NH on a buildup of selected metals (Cu, Cd, Fe, Mn, Ni, and Zn) in made tea along with repeated tea infusion. In general, metal concentration was found significantly higher in made tea prepared from the young shoots collected from the vicinity of NH. The results also showed that distance from the NH and infusion process significantly influenced to content of the analysed metal in tea infusions. The mean average daily intake (ADI) and hazard quotient (HQ) values of analysed tea samples were found in the orderMn˃Fe˃Zn˃Cu˃Ni˃Cd and Mn˃Cu˃Zn˃Fe˃Ni˃Cd, respectively. The HQ values of all analysed metals were found << 1, indicating that ingestion of tea infusion with analysed heavy metals should not cause a danger to human health. However, this study further demonstrates the consumption of tea infusion prepared from made tea around the vicinity of NH may contribute to a significantly higher quantity of metal intake in the human body. From the hierarchical cluster analysis, it has been observed that there are three homogenous groups of analysed heavy metals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bidyot Bikash Gogoi
- Tea Research Association, Upper Assam Advisory Centre, Dikom-786101, Dibrugarh, Assam, India
- Department of Chemistry, D.H.S.K. College, 786001, Dibrugarh, Assam, India
- Department of Chemistry, Dibrugarh University, 786001, Dibrugarh, Assam, India
| | - Md Yeasin
- ICAR-Indian Agricultural Statistics Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - Ranjit Kumar Paul
- ICAR-Indian Agricultural Statistics Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - Arup Borgohain
- Tea Research Association, Upper Assam Advisory Centre, Dikom-786101, Dibrugarh, Assam, India
- Department of Chemistry, Dibrugarh University, 786001, Dibrugarh, Assam, India
| | - Diganta Deka
- Tea Research Association, North Bank Advisory Centre, Thakurbari, 784 503, Assam, India
| | - Harisadhan Malakar
- Tea Research Association, Tocklai Tea Research Institute, Cinnamara-785008, Jorhat, Assam, India
| | - Jiban Saikia
- Department of Chemistry, Dibrugarh University, 786001, Dibrugarh, Assam, India
| | - Feroze Hasan Rahman
- ICAR-NBSS&LUP, Regional Center Kolkata, Block DK, Sector II, Salt Lake, Kolkata-700091, India
| | - Saumik Panja
- University of California, San Francisco 505 Parnassus Ave, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Animesh Sarkar
- Department of Horticulture, School of Agricultural Sciences, Nagaland University, Medziphema Campus-797106, Medziphema, Nagaland, India
| | - C S Maiti
- Department of Horticulture, School of Agricultural Sciences, Nagaland University, Medziphema Campus-797106, Medziphema, Nagaland, India
| | - Jurisandhya Bordoloi
- Department of Soil Science, School of Agricultural Sciences, Nagaland University, Medziphema Campus-797106, Medziphema, Nagaland, India
| | - Tanmoy Karak
- Tea Research Association, Upper Assam Advisory Centre, Dikom-786101, Dibrugarh, Assam, India.
- Department of Soil Science, School of Agricultural Sciences, Nagaland University, Medziphema Campus-797106, Medziphema, Nagaland, India.
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8
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Zaman F, Khattak WA, Ihtisham M, Ilyas M, Ali A, Ali A, Khan H, Khan KA, Ni D, Zhao H, Chen FS. Assessing the health risks of heavy metals and seasonal minerals fluctuations in Camellia sinensis cultivars during their growth seasons. Food Chem Toxicol 2024; 187:114586. [PMID: 38493978 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2024.114586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Revised: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
The risk assessment of heavy metals in tea is extremely imperative for the health of tea consumers. However, the effects of varietal variations and seasonal fluctuations on heavy metals and minerals in tea plants remain unclear. Inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) was used to evaluate the contents of aluminum (Al), manganese (Mn), magnesium (Mg), boron (B), calcium (Ca), copper (Cu), cobalt (Co), iron (Fe), sodium (Na), zinc (Zn), arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr), nickel (Ni), and antimony (Sb) in the two categories of young leaves (YL) and mature leaves (ML) of tea (Camellia sinensis) cultivars throughout the growing seasons. The results showed significant variations in the contents of the investigated nutrients both among the different cultivars and growing seasons as well. Furthermore, the average concentrations of Al, Mn, Mg, B, Ca, Cu, Co, Fe, Na, Zn, As, Cd, Cr, Ni, and Sb in YL ranged, from 671.58-2209.12, 1260.58-1902.21, 2290.56-2995.36, 91.18-164.68, 821.95-5708.20, 2.55-3.80, 3.96-25.22, 37.95-202.84, 81.79-205.05, 27.10-69.67, 0.028-0.053, 0.065-0.127, 2.40-3.73, 10.57-12.64, 0.11-0.14 mg kg-1, respectively. In ML, the concentrations were 2626.41-7834.60, 3980.82-6473.64, 3335.38-4537.48, 327.33-501.70, 9619.89-13153.68, 4.23-8.18, 17.23-34.20, 329.39-567.19, 145.36-248.69, 40.50-81.42, 0.089-0.169, 0.23-0.27, 5.24-7.89, 18.51-23.97, 0.15-0.19 mg kg-1, respectively. The contents of all analyzed nutrients were found to be higher in ML than in YL. Target hazard quotients (THQ) of As, Cd, Cr, Ni, and Sb, as well as the hazard index (HI), were all less than one, suggesting no risk to human health via tea consumption. This research might provide the groundwork for essential minerals recommendations, as well as a better understanding and management of heavy metal risks in tea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fawad Zaman
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Forest Ecosystem Protection and Restoration of Poyang Lake Watershed, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China; Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Silviculture, College of Forestry, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China; National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Wajid Ali Khattak
- School of Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China
| | - Muhammad Ihtisham
- School of Agriculture, Forestry and Food Engineering, Yibin University, Yibin, Sichuan, 644000, China
| | - Muhammad Ilyas
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, Yunnan, 666303, China
| | - Ahmad Ali
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, National Center of Rapeseed Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Abbas Ali
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Forest Ecosystem Protection and Restoration of Poyang Lake Watershed, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China; Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Silviculture, College of Forestry, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China
| | - Haroon Khan
- Department of Weed Science and Botany, The University of Agriculture, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Khalid Ali Khan
- Applied College, Center of Bee Research and Its Products, Unit of Bee Research and Honey Production, Research Center for Advanced Materials Science (RCAMS), King Khalid University, P.O. Box 9004, Abha, 61413, Saudi Arabia
| | - Dejiang Ni
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Hua Zhao
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.
| | - Fu-Sheng Chen
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Forest Ecosystem Protection and Restoration of Poyang Lake Watershed, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China; Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Silviculture, College of Forestry, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China.
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9
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Chen Q, Wu L, Zhou C, Liu G, Yao L. A study of environmental pollution and risk of heavy metals in the bottom water and sediment of the Chaohu Lake, China. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:19658-19673. [PMID: 38361101 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-32141-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
Most of the existing research for heavy metals in water at present is focusing on surface water. However, potential environmental risk of heavy metals in the bottom water of lakes cannot be ignored. In this study, the content, distribution, and speciation of nine heavy metals (As, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Cd, and Pb) in the bottom water and sediment of Chaohu Lake were studied. Some pollution assessment methods were used to evaluate the environmental effect of heavy metals. Positive matrix factorization was conducted to investigate the potential sources of heavy metals in sediment. The contents of heavy metals in the bottom water of Chaohu Lake mean that its environmental pollution can be ignored. In sediment, Cd and Zn have showed stronger ecological risk. pH and redox potential are more likely to affect the stability of heavy metals in the bottom water of Chaohu Lake during the dry reason. Industrial sources (16%) are no longer the largest source of heavy metal pollution; traffic sources (33.6%) and agricultural sources (23.4%) have become the main sources of pollution at present. This study can provide some support and suggestions for the treatment of heavy metals in lakes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Chen
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, Anhui, China
| | - Lei Wu
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, Anhui, China.
- Anhui Provincial Academy of Eco-Environmental Science Research, Hefei, 230061, Anhui, China.
- CAS Key Laboratory of Crust-Mantle Materials and the Environments, School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, Anhui, China.
| | - Chuncai Zhou
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, Anhui, China
| | - Gang Liu
- Chaohu Administration Environmental Protection Monitoring Station, Hefei, 238000, Anhui, China
| | - Long Yao
- Chaohu Administration Environmental Protection Monitoring Station, Hefei, 238000, Anhui, China
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10
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Grządka E, Bastrzyk A, Orzeł J, Oszczak-Nowińska A, Fliszkiewicz B, Siemieniuk M, Sobczyński K, Spławski O, Gołębiowska K, Ronda O, Cieślik BM. Do You Know What You Drink? Comparative Research on the Contents of Radioisotopes and Heavy Metals in Different Types of Tea from Various Parts of the World. Foods 2024; 13:742. [PMID: 38472854 DOI: 10.3390/foods13050742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 02/25/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to assess the potential health risks of radioactive elements and heavy metals ingested through the consumption of various types of tea imported to the Polish market (black, green, red, oolong and white). The concentrations [Bq/kg] of radionuclides (40K, 137Cs, 226Ra, 210Pb and 228Th) in tea leaves before and after brewing were measured using γ-ray spectrometry with high-purity germanium (HPGe). The concentrations [mg/kg] of the studied elements (Fe, Cr, Cu, Mo, Al, Mn, Ni, P, V, Cd and Pb) were determined using a microwave-induced plasma optical emission spectrometer (MIP-OES). The results presented here will help to expand the database of heavy metals and radioactivity in teas. With regard to the potential health risk, the percentage of leaching of individual elements in different types of tea infusions was determined, and the assessment of the consumption risk was estimated. Since the calculated exposure factors, namely the HQ (Hazard Quotient) and THQ (Target Hazard Quotient), do not exceed critical levels, teas can still be considered health-beneficial products (most of the radionuclides as well as elements remain in the leaves (65-80%) after brewing).
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Affiliation(s)
- Elżbieta Grządka
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Chemistry, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University, M. Curie-Skłodowska Sq. 3, 20-031 Lublin, Poland
| | - Anna Bastrzyk
- Department of Process Engineering and Technology of Polymer and Carbon Materials, Faculty of Chemistry, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, C. K. Norwida 4/6 Sq., 50-373 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Jolanta Orzeł
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Chemistry, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University, M. Curie-Skłodowska Sq. 3, 20-031 Lublin, Poland
| | - Agata Oszczak-Nowińska
- Institute of Chemistry, Military University of Technology, Kaliskiego 2 Str., 00-908 Warszawa, Poland
| | - Bartłomiej Fliszkiewicz
- Institute of Chemistry, Military University of Technology, Kaliskiego 2 Str., 00-908 Warszawa, Poland
| | - Mateusz Siemieniuk
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdańsk University of Technology, Gabriela Narutowicza 11/12 Str., 80-233 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Sobczyński
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdańsk University of Technology, Gabriela Narutowicza 11/12 Str., 80-233 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Olgierd Spławski
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdańsk University of Technology, Gabriela Narutowicza 11/12 Str., 80-233 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Gołębiowska
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Chemistry, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University, M. Curie-Skłodowska Sq. 3, 20-031 Lublin, Poland
| | - Oskar Ronda
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdańsk University of Technology, Gabriela Narutowicza 11/12 Str., 80-233 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Bartłomiej Michał Cieślik
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdańsk University of Technology, Gabriela Narutowicza 11/12 Str., 80-233 Gdansk, Poland
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11
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Xu X, Yang J, Zhang Y, Sui X, Gong Z, Liu S, Chen X, Li X, Wang Y. Ecological risk assessment of heavy metals in tea plantation soil around Tai Lake region in Suzhou, China. STRESS BIOLOGY 2024; 4:15. [PMID: 38363398 PMCID: PMC10873261 DOI: 10.1007/s44154-024-00149-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
Tea plant [Camellia sinensis (L.) O. Kuntze] is one of the important foliar cash crops in China, and its root system absorbs heavy metal (HM) elements enriched in the soil and transports them to the over ground part. In order to ensure the safety of the soil ecological environment and tea raw materials in the tea production area, the HM contents of soil and tea plant leaves in Suzhou tea plantations were detected, the relationship between HMs and soil physicochemical properties was analyzed, and the ecological risk of HMs in tea plantation soils was evaluated by using relevant detection techniques and evaluation models. The results showed that the average pH of tea plantation soils around Tai Lake in Suzhou was within the range suitable for the growth of tea plants. The pH, soil organic matter, total nitrogen, available phosphorus and available potassium of tea plantation soil satisfying the requirements of high quality, high efficiency and high yield ('3H') tea plantation accounted for 47.06%, 26.47%, 8.82%, 79.41% and 67.65%, respectively. Site 2 fully met the requirements of '3H' tea plantation. In addition, the contents of cadmium (Cd) and mercury (Hg) were extremely variable, and the average contents exceeded the background value of soil in Jiangsu Province, but the HM contents of tea leaves all met the pollution-free standard, and the HM contents of tea leaves around Tai Lake in Suzhou were generally at a safe level. The composite ecological risk index ranged from 0.05 to 0.60, and 32 of the 34 sample sites (except site 21 and site 23) are the most suitable agricultural land for tea plantations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohan Xu
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Jiahui Yang
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Yang Zhang
- Jiangsu Land Consolidation and Rehabilitation Center, Nanjing, 210017, China
| | - Xueyan Sui
- Jiangsu Land Consolidation and Rehabilitation Center, Nanjing, 210017, China
- Jiangsu Donghai and Yixing Land Consolidation and Ecological Protection Field Scientific Observation and Research Station, Ministry of Natural Resources, Yixing, 214200, China
| | - Zelong Gong
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Shujing Liu
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Xuan Chen
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Xinghui Li
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Yuhua Wang
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
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12
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Ju Y, Luo Z, Bi J, Liu C, Liu X. Transfer of heavy metals from soil to tea and the potential human health risk in a regional high geochemical background area in southwest China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 908:168122. [PMID: 37918746 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.168122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
Tea is one of the most consumed nonalcoholic beverages. The collaborative analysis of heavy metals soil-to-tea transfer and the associated potential risk to human health is important. This study features a survey of As, Cd, Pb and Cr in 144 paired soils and tea leaves from six main tea-growing regions (Fengqing, Linxiang, Yongde, Mangshi, Longling, and Yunlong) in Yunnan, China. The data showed soil acidification (pH = 4.77-5.17) in tea plantations, affecting heavy metals bioavailability thereby the transfer to tea leaves. Soil total and bioavailable As, Cd, Pb and Cr concentrations were 1.45-117, 0.025-0.67, 15.2-153, 3.8-409 mg kg-1 and 0.03-0.22, 0.011-0.38, 0.59-17, 0.013-0.47 mg kg-1, respectively. Specifically, As concentration in 20.8 % of the soil samples exceeded the standard value at 40 mg kg-1, while the standard-exceeding ratio of Cr was low at 9 %. Besides, Cd showed high bioavailability at 44-56.1 %, while Cr was low at 0.12-0.34 %. Arsenic, Cd, and Pb in tea leaves were within the standard values at 2, 1 and 5 mg kg-1. However, though soil Cr was low in standard-exceeding ratio and bioavailability, Cr accumulation in tea showed high standard-exceeding ratio (72.2 %). This indicated that soil heavy metals concentration and bioavailability are not necessarily to predict the pollution risk in tea leaves. Besides, tea favors to accumulate Cd, with 16 % showing BAF > 1. Though Cr in tea leaves was highly standard-exceeded and Cd was uptake-preferred, the target hazard quotients (THQ; <1) and aggregate risk hazard indexes (HI; 0.046) suggested that there was no potential risks to human health. This indicated that high pollution risk in tea leaves is not necessarily to induce risk to human health. The information helps to better understand the efficiency and influencing factors for heavy metals soil-to-tea leaves transfer and strategize how to more accurate evaluate the risks in soil pollution, food safety and human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongwang Ju
- College of Ecology and Environment, Southwest Forestry University, Yunnan 650224, China
| | - Ziwen Luo
- Institute of Tea, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Yunnan 650205, China
| | - Jue Bi
- Institute of Tropical and Subtropical Cash Crops, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Yunnan 678000, China
| | - Chaozhu Liu
- College of Ecology and Environment, Southwest Forestry University, Yunnan 650224, China
| | - Xue Liu
- College of Ecology and Environment, Southwest Forestry University, Yunnan 650224, China.
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13
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Zhan Y, Zhu Q, Li X, Tao C, Su H, Wu Y, Lin J, Zhang Y, Huang Y, Jiang F. The Distribution Characteristics and Potential Risk Assessment of Lead in the Soil of Tieguanyin Tea Plantations in Anxi County, China. TOXICS 2023; 12:22. [PMID: 38250978 PMCID: PMC10820665 DOI: 10.3390/toxics12010022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2023] [Revised: 12/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
Assessing the distribution and risks associated with the soil lead content in the Tieguanyin tea plantations of Anxi County is critical, given the county's significance as the primary Tieguanyin tea production area in Fujian Province. This study examined the distribution characteristics of soil lead in Anxi County's tea plantations according to the Kriging spatial interpolation of the parameters of the semivariance function of the exponential model. Moreover, the sources of lead content were analyzed, considering geological backgrounds and anthropogenic influences. Ecological risks and the issuance of early warnings were also assessed. The soil lead content in the rocks of the Tieguanyin tea plantations in Anxi County followed the order: andesite > dacite > rhyolite > granite. The soil lead content gradually decreased from the center toward the east and west, forming four distinct north-south parallel zones. High-lead-content areas were identified at the border of Jiandou, Bailai, and Hushang; in the central part of Lutian; and in the southern part of Huqiu. The high levels of soil lead in the tea plantations possibly originated from industrial and mining activities, automobile exhaust, and agricultural activities. The distribution of single-factor pollution indices and potential risk evaluation based on the Soil Environmental Quality Standard, Environmental Technical Conditions for Tea Production Area, and Environmental Technical Conditions for Organic Tea Production Area indicated that the soil in Tieguanyin tea plantations in Anxi County was clean and safe for tea cultivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Zhan
- Jinshan Soil and Water Conservation Research Center, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (Y.Z.); (Q.Z.); (X.L.); (C.T.); (J.L.); (Y.Z.); (Y.H.)
| | - Qin Zhu
- Jinshan Soil and Water Conservation Research Center, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (Y.Z.); (Q.Z.); (X.L.); (C.T.); (J.L.); (Y.Z.); (Y.H.)
| | - Xiaolin Li
- Jinshan Soil and Water Conservation Research Center, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (Y.Z.); (Q.Z.); (X.L.); (C.T.); (J.L.); (Y.Z.); (Y.H.)
| | - Changwu Tao
- Jinshan Soil and Water Conservation Research Center, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (Y.Z.); (Q.Z.); (X.L.); (C.T.); (J.L.); (Y.Z.); (Y.H.)
| | - Huogui Su
- Anxi County Soil Fertilizer Technology Extension Station, Quanzhou 362400, China; (H.S.); (Y.W.)
| | - Yuede Wu
- Anxi County Soil Fertilizer Technology Extension Station, Quanzhou 362400, China; (H.S.); (Y.W.)
| | - Jinshi Lin
- Jinshan Soil and Water Conservation Research Center, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (Y.Z.); (Q.Z.); (X.L.); (C.T.); (J.L.); (Y.Z.); (Y.H.)
| | - Yue Zhang
- Jinshan Soil and Water Conservation Research Center, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (Y.Z.); (Q.Z.); (X.L.); (C.T.); (J.L.); (Y.Z.); (Y.H.)
| | - Yanhe Huang
- Jinshan Soil and Water Conservation Research Center, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (Y.Z.); (Q.Z.); (X.L.); (C.T.); (J.L.); (Y.Z.); (Y.H.)
| | - Fangshi Jiang
- Jinshan Soil and Water Conservation Research Center, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (Y.Z.); (Q.Z.); (X.L.); (C.T.); (J.L.); (Y.Z.); (Y.H.)
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14
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Luo Q, Luo L, Zhao J, Wang Y, Luo H. Biological Potential and Mechanisms of Tea's Bioactive Compounds in Tea: An Updated Review. J Adv Res 2023:S2090-1232(23)00378-8. [PMID: 38056775 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2023.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/02/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tea (Camellia sinensis) has a rich history and is widely consumed across many countries, and is categorized into green tea, white tea, oolong tea, yellow tea, black tea, and dark tea based on the level of fermentation. Based on a review of previous literature, the commonly recognized bioactive substances in tea include tea polyphenols, amino acids, polysaccharides, alkaloids, terpenoids, macro minerals, trace elements, and vitamins, which have been known to have various potential health benefits, such as anticancer, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-diabetes, and anti-obesity properties, cardiovascular protection, immune regulation, and control of the intestinal microbiota. Most studies have only pointed out the characteristics of tea's bioactivities, so a comprehensive summary of the pharmacological characteristics and mechanisms of tea's bioactivities and their use risks are vital. AIM of Review The aim of this paper is to summarize the bioactive substances of tea and their pharmacological characteristics and mechanisms, providing a scientific basis for the application of bioactive substances in tea and outlining future research directions for the study of bioactive substances in tea. Key Scientific Concepts of Review This review summarizes the main biologically active substances, pharmacological effects, and mechanisms and discusses the potential risks. It may help researchers to grasp more comprehensive progress in the study of tea bioactive substances to further promote the application of tea as a natural bioactive substance in the medical field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiaoxian Luo
- Macau Centre for Research and Development in Chinese Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, 999078, P. R. China; These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Longbiao Luo
- Macau Centre for Research and Development in Chinese Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, 999078, P. R. China; These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Jinmin Zhao
- College of Pharmacy, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, P. R. China
| | - Yitao Wang
- Macau Centre for Research and Development in Chinese Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, 999078, P. R. China.
| | - Hua Luo
- Macau Centre for Research and Development in Chinese Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, 999078, P. R. China; College of Pharmacy, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, P. R. China.
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15
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Ulbrich NCM, Motta ACV, Magri E, Prior SA, de Albuquerque CG, Gavelaki F, Barbosa JZ, Wendling I, Poggere G. Accumulation Capacity of Nickel and Zinc in Yerba Mate Cultivated in Soils with Contrasting Parent Materials. Biol Trace Elem Res 2023; 201:5468-5480. [PMID: 36813937 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-023-03593-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
Yerba mate (Ilex paraguariensis St. Hill.) has shown a relatively high capacity for micronutrient absorption and could be a candidate for biofortification and combating a lack of micronutrients. To further evaluate the accumulation capacity of Ni and Zn, yerba mate clonal seedlings were grown in containers under five rates of Ni or Zn (0, 0.5, 2, 10, and 40 mg kg-1) with three soils originating from different parent material (basalt, rhyodacite, and sandstone). After 10 months, plants were harvested, divided into component parts (leaves, branches, and roots), and evaluated for 12 elements. The use of Zn and Ni enhanced seedling growth under rhyodacite- and sandstone-derived soils at the first application rate. Application of Zn and Ni resulted in linear increases based on Mehlich I extractions; recovery of Ni was smaller than Zn. Root Ni concentration increased from approximately 20 to 1000 mg kg-1 in rhyodacite-derived soil and from 20 to 400 mg kg-1 in basalt- and sandstone-derived soils; respective increases in leaf tissue were ~ 3 to 15 mg kg-1 and 3 to 10 mg kg-1. For Zn, the maximum obtained values were close to 2000, 1000, and 800 mg kg-1 for roots, leaves, and branches for rhyodacite-derived soils, respectively. Corresponding values for basalt- and sandstone-derived soils were 500, 400, and 300 mg kg-1, respectively. Although yerba mate is not a hyperaccumulator, this species has a relatively high capacity to accumulate Ni and Zn in young tissue with the highest accumulation occurring in roots. Yerba mate showed high potential to be used in biofortification programs for Zn.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Antônio Carlos Vargas Motta
- Department of Soils and Agricultural Engineering, Federal University of Paraná (UFPR), Curitiba, Parana, Brazil
| | - Ederlan Magri
- Department of Soils and Agricultural Engineering, Federal University of Paraná (UFPR), Curitiba, Parana, Brazil
| | - Stephen A Prior
- USDA-ARS National Soil Dynamics Laboratory, 411 South Donahue Drive, Auburn, AL, USA
| | - Carla Gomes de Albuquerque
- Department of Soils and Agricultural Engineering, Federal University of Paraná (UFPR), Curitiba, Parana, Brazil
| | - Fabiana Gavelaki
- Department of Soils and Agricultural Engineering, Federal University of Paraná (UFPR), Curitiba, Parana, Brazil
| | | | - Ivar Wendling
- Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária/EMBRAPA, Centro Nacional de Pesquisas de Florestas, Estrada da Ribeira, Km 111, Guaraituba, Colombo, Paraná, 83411-000, Brazil
| | - Giovana Poggere
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Federal Technological University of Parana, Medianeira, Parana, Brazil
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16
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Khan MI, Pandith SA, Shah MA, Reshi ZA. Calcium Oxalate Crystals, the Plant 'Gemstones': Insights into Their Synthesis and Physiological Implications in Plants. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 64:1124-1138. [PMID: 37498947 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcad081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
From simple algal forms to the most advanced angiosperms, calcium oxalate (CaOx) crystals (CRs) occur in the majority of taxonomic groups of photosynthetic organisms. Various studies have demonstrated that this biomineralization is not a simple or random event but a genetically regulated coordination between calcium uptake, oxalate (OX) synthesis and, sometimes, environmental stresses. Certainly, the occurrence of CaOx CRs is old; however, questions related to their genesis, biosynthesis, significance and genetics exhibit robust evolution. Moreover, their speculated roles in bulk calcium regulation, heavy metal/OX detoxification, light reflectance and photosynthesis, and protection against grazing and herbivory, besides other characteristics, are gaining much interest. Thus, it is imperative to understand their synthesis and regulation in relation to the ascribed key functions to reconstruct future perspectives in harnessing their potential to achieve nutritious and pest-resistant crops amid anticipated global climatic perturbations. This review critically addresses the basic and evolving concepts of the origin (and recycling), synthesis, significance, regulation and fate vis-à-vis various functional aspects of CaOx CRs in plants (and soil). Overall, insights and conceptual future directions present them as potential biominerals to address future climate-driven issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohd Ishfaq Khan
- Department of Botany, University of Kashmir, Hazratbal Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir 190006, India
| | - Shahzad A Pandith
- Department of Botany, University of Kashmir, Hazratbal Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir 190006, India
| | - Manzoor A Shah
- Department of Botany, University of Kashmir, Hazratbal Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir 190006, India
| | - Zafar A Reshi
- Department of Botany, University of Kashmir, Hazratbal Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir 190006, India
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17
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Hu C, Zhang X, Zhan N, Liu Y. Current Status and Health Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals Contamination in Tea across China. TOXICS 2023; 11:662. [PMID: 37624168 PMCID: PMC10459165 DOI: 10.3390/toxics11080662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
Tea is a non-alcoholic beverage popular among Chinese people. However, due to the application of chemical and organic fertilizers in the tea planting process, the environment pollutionaround the tea plantation, and the instruments used in the processing, heavy metal elements will accumulate in the tea, which brings health risks for tea consumers. This study summarized heavy metal concentrations from 227 published papers and investigated the current contamination status of tea and tea plantation soils, and, finally, the risk of heavy metal exposure to tea consumers in China is assessed, in terms of both non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic risk. The average contamination of six heavy metals in tea-arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr), copper (Cu), mercury (Hg), and lead (Pb)-were 0.21, 0.14, 1.17, 14.6, 0.04, and 1.09 mg/kg, respectively. The areas with high concentrations of heavy metals in tea were concentrated primarily in southwest China, some areas in eastern China, and Shaanxi Province in northwest China. The non-carcinogenic risks of heavy metals in tea are all within safe limits. The national average HI value was 0.04, with the highest HI value of 0.18 in Tibet, which has the largest tea consumption in China. However, the carcinogenic risks of Cd in Shaanxi Province, Anhui Province, and southwest China exceed the acceptable range, and due attention should be given to these areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenglin Hu
- International Institute for Earth System Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China; (C.H.)
- Key Laboratory of Urban Land Resources Monitoring and Simulation, Ministry of Natural Resources, Shenzhen 518000, China
- Jiangsu Center for Collaborative Innovation in Geographical Information Resource Development and Application, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Xiuying Zhang
- International Institute for Earth System Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China; (C.H.)
| | - Nan Zhan
- International Institute for Earth System Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China; (C.H.)
| | - Youcun Liu
- School of Geography and Tourism, Jiaying University, Meizhou 514015, China
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18
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Xiao C, Liang B, Xiong W, Ye X. Enrichment and health risks associated with trace elements in medicine food homology teas. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:54193-54204. [PMID: 36872404 PMCID: PMC9985956 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-26172-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Owing to the irreplaceable role of traditional Chinese medicine in the history of human resistance to diseases, medicine food homology teas (MFHTs) have emerged as a widely-consumed daily drink, although they may contain toxic or excessive trace elements. This study aims to determine the total and infused concentrations of nine trace elements (Fe, Mn, Zn, Cd, Cr, Cu, As, Pb, and Ni) in 12 MFHTs collected from 18 provinces in China, to evaluate their potential risks to human health, and to explore the factors affecting the trace element enrichment in traditional MFHTs. The exceedances of Cr (82%) and Ni (100%) in 12 MFHTs were higher than those of Cu (32%), Cd (23%), Pb (12%), and As (10%). The high values of the Nemerow integrated pollution index of dandelions and Flos sophorae (25.96 and 9.06, respectively) indicate severe trace metal pollution. The health risk assessment results showed that As, Cr, and Mn in the 12 types of MFHTs posed high non-carcinogenic risk. Honeysuckle and dandelion teas may be hazardous to human health through trace element exposure when consumed daily. The enrichment of Cr, Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn, Mn, and Pb in MFHTs is influenced by the MFHT type and producing area, whereas As and Cd are mainly controlled by the MFHT type. Environmental factors such as soil background values, rainfall, and temperature also affect the enrichment of trace elements in MFHTs collected from different producing areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong Xiao
- School of Civil Engineering, Architecture and Enivironment, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, 430068, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Ecological Restoration for River-Lakes and Algal Utilization, Wuhan, 430068, China
| | - Baowen Liang
- School of Civil Engineering, Architecture and Enivironment, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, 430068, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Ecological Restoration for River-Lakes and Algal Utilization, Wuhan, 430068, China
| | - Wen Xiong
- School of Civil Engineering, Architecture and Enivironment, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, 430068, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Ecological Restoration for River-Lakes and Algal Utilization, Wuhan, 430068, China
| | - Xiaochuan Ye
- School of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, 430060, China.
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Resources and Chemistry of Chinese Medicine, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, 430060, China.
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19
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Zhang C, Li J, Dai Y, Gustave W, Zhai W, Zhong Z, Chen J. Spatial and Temporal Variations of Heavy Metals' Bioavailability in Soils Regulated by a Combined Material of Calcium Sulfate and Ferric Oxide. TOXICS 2023; 11:296. [PMID: 37112523 PMCID: PMC10142891 DOI: 10.3390/toxics11040296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Heavy metal pollution in soils threatens food safety and human health. Calcium sulfate and ferric oxide are commonly used to immobilize heavy metals in soils. However, the spatial and temporal variations of the heavy metals' bioavailability in soils regulated by a combined material of calcium sulfate and ferric oxide (CSF) remain unclear. In this work, two soil column experiments were conducted to investigate the spatial and temporal variations of CSF immobilized Cd, Pb, and As. In the horizontal soil column, the results showed that CSF's immobilization range for Cd increased over time, and adding CSF in the center of the soil column decreased the concentrations of bioavailable Cd significantly, up to 8 cm away by day 100. The CSF immobilization effect on Pb and As only existed in the center of the soil column. The CSF's immobilization depths for Cd and Pb in the vertical soil column increased over time and extended to 20 cm deep by day 100. However, the CSF's immobilization depths for As only extended to between 5 and 10 cm deep after 100 days of incubation. Overall, the results from this study can serve as a guide to determine the CSF application frequency and spacing distance for the in-situ immobilization of heavy metals in soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology for Industrial Pollution Control of Zhejiang Province, College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Zhejiang Key Laborary of Environmental Protect Technology, Eco-Environmental Sciences Research & Design Institute of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310007, China
| | - Jie Li
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Institute of Soil and Water Resources and Environmental Science, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yuxia Dai
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Institute of Soil and Water Resources and Environmental Science, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Williamson Gustave
- School of Chemistry, Environmental & Life Sciences, University of the Bahamas, New Providence, Nassau P.O. Box N-4912, Bahamas
| | - Weiwei Zhai
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology for Industrial Pollution Control of Zhejiang Province, College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Institute of Soil and Water Resources and Environmental Science, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Zhong Zhong
- Zhejiang Key Laborary of Environmental Protect Technology, Eco-Environmental Sciences Research & Design Institute of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310007, China
| | - Jianmeng Chen
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology for Industrial Pollution Control of Zhejiang Province, College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310058, China
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20
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Tang Q, Chang L, Wang Q, Miao C, Zhang Q, Zheng L, Zhou Z, Ji Q, Chen L, Zhang H. Distribution and accumulation of cadmium in soil under wheat-cultivation system and human health risk assessment in coal mining area of China. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2023; 253:114688. [PMID: 36842277 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.114688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The soil contamination caused by the discharge of cadmium (Cd) from coal mining activities has aroused continuous attention due to the detrimental effects on the human health. This study aimed to investigate the characteristics on distribution of Cd in soils and its accumulation in wheat grains under wheat-cultivation system, and further assess the human health risks to adults and children. 58 soils and wheat samples in pairs from Linhuan coal mining area, Anhui Province were collected and analyzed. Results showed that the concentrations of Cd in 17.24% of soil samples exceeded the limit value established by the Ministry of Ecology and Environment. The ordinary kriging interpolation displayed that the spatial variability of Cd concentrations in soils was mainly influenced by coal mining activities. The transfer capacity of Cd from soils to wheat roots was greater than that from the wheat roots to grains. Multiple linear regression model clarified that soil pH and exchangeable Cd fraction in soils were the critical factors affecting the Cd accumulation in wheat grains. The carcinogenic risk of Cd levels in our studied wheat grains was a concern but still within the acceptable range, while their non-carcinogenic hazard was negligible for adults and children. The calculation results were in accord with the uncertainty analysis conclusion based on Monte Carlo simulation. The study was expected to promote the source management and control strategy of reducing tailing discharge, and providing scientific references for current soil remediation and land degradation prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quan Tang
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China.
| | - Liru Chang
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Anhui University, Anhui Province Engineering Laboratory for Mine Ecological Remediation, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Qiuyue Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Chunhui Miao
- State Grid Anhui Electric Power Corporation Research Institute, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Liugen Zheng
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Anhui University, Anhui Province Engineering Laboratory for Mine Ecological Remediation, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Zhongkang Zhou
- State Grid Anhui Electric Power Corporation Research Institute, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Qiaozhen Ji
- State Grid Anhui Electric Power Corporation Research Institute, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Lai Chen
- School of Business, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Huiming Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China
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21
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Liu W, Cui S, Ma J, Wu D, Ye Z, Liu D. Effects of Shellfish and Organic Fertilizer Amendments on Soil Nutrients and Tea Yield and Quality. TOXICS 2023; 11:262. [PMID: 36977026 PMCID: PMC10056351 DOI: 10.3390/toxics11030262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Soil acidification in tea plantations leads to an excessive heavy metal content in tea, decreasing its yield and quality. How to apply shellfish and organic fertilizers to improve soil and ensure the safe production of tea is still not clear. A two-year field experiment was conducted in tea plantations in which the soil was characterized by a pH of 4.16 and concentrations of lead (Pb) (85.28 mg/kg) and cadmium (Cd) (0.43 mg/kg) exceeding the standard. We used shellfish amendments (750, 1500, 2250 kg/ha) and organic fertilizers (3750, 7500 kg/ha) to amend the soils. The experimental results showed that compared with the treatment without any amendment (CK), the soil pH increased by 0.46 on average; the soil available nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium contents increased by 21.68%, 19.01%, and 17.51% respectively; and the soil available Pb, Cd, Cr, and As contents decreased by 24.64%, 24.36%, 20.83%, and 26.39%, respectively. In comparison to CK, the average yield of tea also increased by 90.94 kg/ha; tea polyphenols, free amino acids, caffeine, and water extract increased by 9.17%, 15.71%, 7.54%, and 5.27%, respectively; and the contents of Pb, Cd, As, and Cr in the tea decreased significantly (p < 0.05) by 29.44-61.38%, 21.43-61.38%, 10.43-25.22%, and 10.00-33.33%, respectively. The greatest effects on all parameters occurred with the largest amendment of both shellfish (2250 kg/ha) and organic fertilizer (7500 kg/ha) combined. This finding suggests that the optimized amendment of shellfish could be used as a technical measure to improve the health quality of both soil and tea in acidified tea plantations in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenbin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Soil Contamination Bioremediation of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou 311300, China; (W.L.); (Z.Y.)
- The Nurturing Station for the State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Shiyu Cui
- College of Landscape and Architecture, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou 311300, China;
| | - Jiawei Ma
- Key Laboratory of Soil Contamination Bioremediation of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou 311300, China; (W.L.); (Z.Y.)
- The Nurturing Station for the State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Dongtao Wu
- Lishui Agricultural and Rural Bureau, Lishui 323000, China;
| | - Zhengqian Ye
- Key Laboratory of Soil Contamination Bioremediation of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou 311300, China; (W.L.); (Z.Y.)
- The Nurturing Station for the State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Dan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Soil Contamination Bioremediation of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou 311300, China; (W.L.); (Z.Y.)
- The Nurturing Station for the State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
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22
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Li F, Jing M, Ma F, Wang W, Li M. Comparison and Risk Assessment of Macroelements and Trace Metals in Commercial Teas from Different Regions of China. Biol Trace Elem Res 2023; 201:1503-1519. [PMID: 35467266 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-022-03232-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Tea (Camellia sinensis L.) is one of the most widely consumed non-alcoholic beverages worldwide. In the present study, 73 commercial tea samples were collected from tea plantations in the Southwest, South, Jiangnan, and Jiangbei regions of China. The contents of four macroelements (phosphorus (P), potassium (K), calcium (Ca) and magnesium (Mg)) and 15 trace metals (arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr), mercury (Hg), lead (Pb), zinc (Zn), aluminium (Al), copper (Cu), manganese (Mn), iron (Fe), nickel (Ni), thorium (Th), thallium (Tl), rubidium (Rb) and barium (Ba)) in tea samples were determined. The mean concentrations of As, Cd, Cr, Hg, Pb, Zn, Al, Cu, Mn, Fe, Ni, Th, Tl, Rb and Ba were in the range of 0.02-0.61, 0.008-0.126, 0.09-1.12, 0.001-0.012, 0.07-1.62, 19.5-73.2, 170-2100, 5.9-43.3, 228-2040, 60-337, 2.09-17.95, 0.002-0.08, 0.004-0.409, 0-150.50 and 3.1-41.2 µg/g, respectively, which were all lower than the maximum permissible limits stipulated by China (NY/T 288-2012, NY 659-2003). The target hazard quotients of each heavy metal were lower than one, and the combined risk hazard index of all heavy metals for adults was in the range of 0.10-0.85; therefore, there was no significant carcinogenic health risks to tea drinking consumers under the current dietary intake. Significant differences were found in the content of trace elements (Zn, Cu, Fe, Ni, Th, Tl, Rb and Ba) (p < 0.05); however, no significant differences were found in the content of macroelements (P, K, Ca and Mg) and trace metals (As, Cd, Cr, Hg, Pb, Al and Mn) in teas from different regions. Therefore, the region did not affect the heavy metal exposure risk. Correlation coefficient and principal component analyses were performed to determine the source of the elements. Three principal factors were obtained: factor 1 was positively related to Ca, Mg, As, Cd, Cr, Hg, Pb, Al, Mn, Fe and Th (32.63%); factor 2 to P, Zn, Cu and Ni (18.64%) and factor 3 to K and Rb (10.10%). Thus, the elements in the same factor might originate from the same source. This study provides an essential basis to understand the variance and potential risks of different elements in tea from different regions of China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fen Li
- College of Tea (Pu'er), West Yunnan University of Applied Sciences, Pu'er 665000, China
| | - Min Jing
- The Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, School of Public Health, Ministry of Education, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Fujie Ma
- College of Tea (Pu'er), West Yunnan University of Applied Sciences, Pu'er 665000, China
| | - Wei Wang
- College of Tea (Pu'er), West Yunnan University of Applied Sciences, Pu'er 665000, China
| | - Mei Li
- College of Tea (Pu'er), West Yunnan University of Applied Sciences, Pu'er 665000, China.
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23
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Dietary intake and health risk assessment of lead and cadmium in green tea from Morocco. J Verbrauch Lebensm 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s00003-023-01422-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
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24
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Kandić I, Kragović M, Petrović J, Janaćković P, Gavrilović M, Momčilović M, Stojmenović M. Heavy Metals Content in Selected Medicinal Plants Produced and Consumed in Serbia and Their Daily Intake in Herbal Infusions. TOXICS 2023; 11:198. [PMID: 36851072 PMCID: PMC9966102 DOI: 10.3390/toxics11020198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The heavy metals content (HMs) was investigated in 14 different medicinal plants collected from the three regions in Central Serbia, Zlatar, Sokobanja, and Kopaonik. The concentrations of Cd, Cr, Ni, Hg and Pb were determined: Cd (<0.03-2.72 mg/kg); Cr (<0.08-12.1 mg/kg); Ni (<0.08-12.2 mg/kg); Pb (0.6-49.0 mg/kg); the Hg concentration was below the detection limit of 0.06 mg/kg in all samples. The daily intake of HMs due to ingestion of 200 mL of herbal infusion was in all cases below the recommended limit prescribed by the World Health Organization. The estimated daily intake values were below the values for the oral reference dose regulated by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USA EPA). The target hazard quotient and hazard index for Cd, Cr Ni, and Pb were below 1. Nevertheless, due to the tendency of heavy metals to accumulate in the organism, attention should be paid to the daily intake of herbal infusion during long-term usage. Specifically, it is recommended to consume not more than one cup (200 mL) of infusion per day made from thyme (Mt. Zlatar) and blueberry (Mt. Kopaonik), and not more than two cups per day for other herbs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina Kandić
- “Vinča” Institute of Nuclear Sciences, National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, 11351 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Milan Kragović
- “Vinča” Institute of Nuclear Sciences, National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, 11351 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Jelena Petrović
- “Vinča” Institute of Nuclear Sciences, National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, 11351 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Peđa Janaćković
- Faculty of Biology Chair of Morphology and Systematics of Plants, University of Belgrade, Studentski trg 16, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Milan Gavrilović
- Faculty of Biology Chair of Morphology and Systematics of Plants, University of Belgrade, Studentski trg 16, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Miloš Momčilović
- “Vinča” Institute of Nuclear Sciences, National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, 11351 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Marija Stojmenović
- “Vinča” Institute of Nuclear Sciences, National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, 11351 Belgrade, Serbia
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25
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Liu J, Kang H, Tao W, Li H, He D, Ma L, Tang H, Wu S, Yang K, Li X. A spatial distribution - Principal component analysis (SD-PCA) model to assess pollution of heavy metals in soil. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 859:160112. [PMID: 36375553 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.160112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2022] [Revised: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
With the rapid development of urbanization, heavy metal pollution of soil has received great attention. Over-enrichment of heavy metals in soil may endanger human health. Assessing soil pollution and identifying potential sources of heavy metals are crucial for prevention and control of soil heavy metal pollution. This study introduced a spatial distribution - principal component analysis (SD-PCA) model that couples the spatial attributes of soil pollution with linear data transformation by the eigenvector-based principal component analysis. By evaluating soil pollution in the spatial dimension it identifies the potential sources of heavy metals more easily. In this study, soil contamination by eight heavy metals was investigated in the Lintong District, a typical multi-source urban area in Northwest China. In general, the soils in the study area were lightly contaminated by Cr and Pb. Pearson correlation analysis showed that Cr was negatively correlated with other heavy metals, whereas the spatial autocorrelation analysis revealed that there was strong association in the spatial distribution of eight heavy metals. The aggregation forms were more varied and the correlation between Cr contamination and other heavy metals was lower. The aggregation forms of Mn and Cu, Zn and Pb, on the other hand, were remarkably comparable. Agriculture was the largest pollution source, contributing 65.5 % to soil pollution, which was caused by the superposition of multiple heavy metals. Additionally, traffic and natural pollution sources contributed 17.9 % and 11.1 %, respectively. The ability of this model to track pollution of heavy metals has important practical significance for the assessment and control of multi-source soil pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiawei Liu
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Xi'an Polytechnic University, Xi'an 710048, China
| | - Hou Kang
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Xi'an Polytechnic University, Xi'an 710048, China.
| | - Wendong Tao
- Department of Environmental Resources Engineering, College of Environmental Science and Forestry, State University of New York, 1 Forestry Drive, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA.
| | - Hanyu Li
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Xi'an Polytechnic University, Xi'an 710048, China
| | - Dan He
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Xi'an Polytechnic University, Xi'an 710048, China
| | - Lixia Ma
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Xi'an Polytechnic University, Xi'an 710048, China
| | - Haojie Tang
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Xi'an Polytechnic University, Xi'an 710048, China
| | - Siqi Wu
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Xi'an Polytechnic University, Xi'an 710048, China
| | - Kexin Yang
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Xi'an Polytechnic University, Xi'an 710048, China
| | - Xuxiang Li
- School of Human Settlements and Civil Engineering, Xi'an Jiao Tong University, Xi'an 710049, China
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26
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Wang Z, Yao J, Tu C, Yang T, Sun D, Lin C. Determination of cadmium in Chinese pepper and its health implications based on bioaccessibility. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:20297-20309. [PMID: 36251180 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-23265-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The contamination of cadmium (Cd) in agro-products causes major concern because of its potential dietary risks. In this study, a total of 647 pepper samples from 21 provinces in China were randomly collected according to the distribution of pepper production. Cd pollution levels in Chinses pepper and its health risks were evaluated based on bioaccessibility, which was measured by the physiologically based extraction test (PBET). The results showed that Cd concentration in all pepper ranged from 0.002 to 1.470 mg/kg, with an average of 0.222 mg/kg and a median of 0.132 mg/kg. The highest daily intake of Cd was observed in the female child group (4.037 × 10-5 mg/kg bw/day), which accounted for 4% of the maximum daily permissible dose - 0.001 mg/kg bw/day. The target hazard quotients of Cd were all lower than 1, indicating low potential non-carcinogenic health risks to residents via the consumption of pepper. Notably, carcinogenic risk values suggested potential adverse health effects to adults, while after considering the bioaccessibility of Cd in pepper (mean of 43.07%), those values had fallen under the acceptable level (1 × 10-4). This may indicate that dietary risk assessment of heavy metals in crops could not be conducted just based on their content; the bioaccessibility of metals is also an important factor for consideration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zelan Wang
- School of Public Health, the Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Jie Yao
- School of Public Health, the Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Chenglong Tu
- School of Public Health, the Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550025, China
- Toxicity Testing Center of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Ting Yang
- School of Public Health, the Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Dali Sun
- School of Public Health, the Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Changhu Lin
- School of Public Health, the Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550025, China.
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27
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Nour SMF, El-Desoky AMM, Hassan NA, Osman KA. Estimated daily intake of epichlorohydrin and certain heavy metals of bagged and loose black teas. JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2023; 60:666-678. [PMID: 36712226 PMCID: PMC9873861 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-022-05652-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to determine the levels of epichlorohydrin (ECH) and some metals in 3 brands of bagged and loose black teas which are widely marketed in Alexandria markets, Egypt, and estimate the acceptable daily intake as a safety indicator. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry results revealed that ECH levels significantly differed between the tested brands steeped for 2 min and tea bags contained higher levels than in loose teas and the levels increased by increasing the steep time. These levels of ECH in all the tested brands either in tea bags or loose teas were higher than the guideline value of 0.10 μg/L. Also, the results illustrated that the adding of sucrose or washing of bags with deionized water for 1 min significantly decreased the levels of ECH. In addition, inductively coupled plasma optic emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) results illustrated that the levels of Al, Pb, and Cd were too low in infusions compared to the established guidelines. Because of the high consumption of tea in Alexanria city, Egypt, it is necessary to determine the contribution of tea to the daily dietary intake of ECH, Al, Pb and Cd. In case of the bagged teas, the calculated daily intake of ECH was on average about 55.37 times greater than that in loose teas. The consumption of both bagged and loose teas infusion could not pose a risk for population as the health hazard index was < 1. It can be concluded that consumers who prefer to use tea bags should rinse these bags before preparing the tea brewer, and do not increase the steeping time to more than 2 min.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suheir M. F. Nour
- Department of Economic Home, Faculty of Agriculture, Alexandria University, P.O Box 21545, Al-Shatby, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Amany M. M. El-Desoky
- Department of Economic Home, Faculty of Agriculture, Alexandria University, P.O Box 21545, Al-Shatby, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Nagla A. Hassan
- Department of Economic Home, Faculty of Agriculture, Alexandria University, P.O Box 21545, Al-Shatby, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Khaled A. Osman
- Department of Pesticide Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Alexandria University, Aflatoon St., P.O Box 21545, EL-Shatby, Alexandria, 21545 Egypt
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Ning Y, Yang B, Yang S, Ye J, Li J, Ren L, Liu Z, Bi X, Liu J. Application of Pb Isotopes and REY Patterns in Tracing Heavy Metals in Farmland Soils from the Upper-Middle Area of Yangtze River. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:966. [PMID: 36673722 PMCID: PMC9858800 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20020966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Farmland heavy metal pollution-caused by both human activity and natural processes-is a major global issue. In the current study, principal component analysis (PCA), cluster analysis (CA), rare earth elements and yttrium (REY) analysis, and isotope fingerprinting were combined to identify sources of heavy metal pollution in soil from different farmland types in the upper-middle area of the Yangtze River. The concentrations of Zn and Cu were found to be higher in the vegetable base and tea plantation soil compared with their concentrations in the orangery soil. On the other hand, greater accumulation of Cd and Pb was observed in the orangery soil versus the vegetable base and tea plantation soils. Influenced by the type of bedrock, REY was significantly enriched in the orangery soil and depleted in the vegetable base soil, as compared with the tea plantation soil. The Pb isotopic compositions of the tea plantation (1.173-1.193 for 206Pb/207Pb and 2.070-2.110 for 208Pb/206Pb) and vegetable base (1.181-1.217 for 206Pb/207Pb and 2.052-2.116 for 208Pb/206Pb) soils were comparable to those of coal combustion soil. The compositions of 206Pb/207Pb (1.149-1.170) and 208Pb/206Pb (2.121-2.143) in the orangery soil fell between those observed in soils obtained from coal combustion and ore smelting sites. Using the IsoSource model, the atmospheric Pb contributions of the vegetable base, tea plantation, and orangery soils were calculated to be 66.6%, 90.1%, and 82.0%, respectively, and the bedrock contributions of Pb were calculated to be 33.3%, 9.90%, and 18.1%, respectively. Based on the PCA, CA, and REY results, as well as the Pb isotope model, it appears that heavy metals in the orangery soil may be derived from atmospheric deposition and bedrock weathering, while heavy metals in the vegetable base and tea plantation soils may be derived from mining and the use of fertilizer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongqiang Ning
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Critical Zone Evolution, School of Earth Sciences, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Bizheng Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Ore Deposit Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang 550002, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Shaochen Yang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Critical Zone Evolution, School of Earth Sciences, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Jiaxin Ye
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Critical Zone Evolution, School of Earth Sciences, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Junjie Li
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Critical Zone Evolution, School of Earth Sciences, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Limin Ren
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Critical Zone Evolution, School of Earth Sciences, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Zhifu Liu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Critical Zone Evolution, School of Earth Sciences, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Xiangyang Bi
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Critical Zone Evolution, School of Earth Sciences, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Jinling Liu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Critical Zone Evolution, School of Earth Sciences, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
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Ye Y, Yan W, Peng L, He J, Zhang N, Zhou J, Cheng S, Cai J. Minerals and bioactive components profiling in Se-enriched green tea and the pearson correlation with Se. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2023.114470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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Li Q, Li C, Liu L, Heng W, Chen C, Long J, Wen X. Geochemical characteristics of heavy metals of bedrock, soil, and tea in a metamorphic rock area of Guizhou Province, China. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:7402-7414. [PMID: 36040691 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-22751-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Through field surveys, sampling, and laboratory experiments, the content, enrichment, and migration characteristics of heavy metals in the rock-soil-tea system in the Guizhou metamorphic rock area were analyzed herein. The results show that the As and Hg contents in metamorphic sandstone in the study area are higher than those in slate, while the Mn, Zn, Pb, and Ni contents in slate are higher. The content of heavy metals in the sandstone of the Jialu formation of the Xiajiang group in Neoproterozoic is the highest, and that of the slate of the Fanzhao formation is the lowest. The content of As in the rock samples in the study area is higher than that in the Epicontinental crust, while Cd is found to be deficient. The heavy metals at some soil points exceed the standard, but this does not affect the growth and development of tea. The content of heavy metals in most tea is lower than the safety limit standards, and the THQ value is less than 1, indicating that the heavy metals in tea in Guizhou metamorphic rock areas pose no concern for human health. In the metamorphic rock distribution areas of Guizhou, tea does not enrich As, Cr, Hg, and Pb in soil, but enriches Mn, Cu, Ni, and Zn to varying degrees, with the enrichment of Mn being the strongest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qihang Li
- College of Resource and Environment Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, Guizhou, China
| | - Chaofeng Li
- College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, Guizhou, China
| | - Lanjun Liu
- Bijie Agricultural Zoning Center, Bijie, 551700, Guizhou, China
| | - Wang Heng
- School of Public Administration, Guizhou University of Finance and Economics, Guiyang, 550025, Guizhou, China
| | - Cheng Chen
- School of Public Administration, Guizhou University of Finance and Economics, Guiyang, 550025, Guizhou, China
| | - Jie Long
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China
| | - Xuefeng Wen
- College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, Guizhou, China.
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Hoshyari E, Hassanzadeh N, Keshavarzi B, Jaafarzadeh N, Rezaei M. Spatial distribution, source apportionment, and ecological risk assessment of elements (PTEs, REEs, and ENs) in the surface soil of shiraz city (Iran) under different land-use types. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 311:137045. [PMID: 36419265 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.137045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 10/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
In this study, 100 samples were collected from the topsoil of different land-use types (urban, industrial and agricultural) in Shiraz. The content of 26 elements was analyzed. CF, EF, Igeo, NPI, and PLI indices were used to evaluate soil pollution. Ecological risk assessment of metals was calculated by using Er and RI indexes. PCA analysis and the PMF model were used to determine the source of metals in soil. Also, the spatial distribution of metals and risk index were plotted using inverse distance weighting (IDW) with ArcGIS software (10.3). The metal concentrations in the soil ranged from 0.2067 ± 0.0946 (Ag) to 85,673.50 ± 4689.27 (Ca) mg kg-1. The results show that all elements' Concentration in soils was lower than the DOE level. The mean concentration of All rare earth elements (REEs) was lower than WSA and ECM values. Hotspot points pollution of some metals such as Pb, Cd, and Ni are located in high-traffic parts of the urban area. Otherwise, hot spot points of As pollution are located in industrial sample points. Results of indexes show that Sb in urban and agricultural soils have highe mean values of CF (6.75 and 6.85) and Iegeo (2.17 and 2.13), respectively. In industrial soils, S has highe mean values of CF (14.95), EF (100.26), and Igeo (2.95). The PLI index shows that REEs (PLI <1) have no pollution, but PTEs and ENs have pollution (PLI >1). The mean Er, value shows that Sb (127.33) and Cd (104) have significant risk among metals. PCA and PMF models show that The main sources of elements in shiraz soil are vehicularly emitted, fertilizer use, sewage irrigation, atmospheric deposition, and parent material. Generally, results show that Most of the study area has considerable risk, especially concerning PTEs. So, it is recommended to pay more attention to the issue of traffic in the urban environment in to improve the state of the urban area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ebrahim Hoshyari
- Department of Environmental Sciences, College of Faculty of Natural Resource and Environmental, Malayer University, Malayer, Iran.
| | - Nasrin Hassanzadeh
- Department of Environmental Sciences, College of Faculty of Natural Resource and Environmental, Malayer University, Malayer, Iran.
| | - Behnam Keshavarzi
- Department of Earth Sciences, College of Science, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran.
| | - Nematollah Jaafarzadeh
- Environmental Technologies Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
| | - Mahrooz Rezaei
- Meteorology and Air Quality Group, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, the Netherlands.
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Nawab J, Idress M, Ullah S, Rukh G, Zainab R, Sher H, Ghani J, Khan S, Ullah Z, Ahmad I, Ali SW. Occurrence and Distribution of Heavy Metals in Mining Degraded Soil and Medicinal Plants: A Case Study of Pb/Zn Sulfide Terrain Northern Areas, Pakistan. BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2022; 110:24. [PMID: 36547714 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-022-03673-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Mining activities have serious environmental impacts, thus releasing heavy metals (HMs) such as cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), chromium (Cr), zinc (Zn) and nickel (Ni) into the surrounding environment. The current paper investigated the impacts of mining activities of Pb-Zn sulfide on soil and medicinal plants. Hence, soil samples (n = 36) and medicinal plants (n = 36) samples were collected, acid extracted and were analyzed through Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS) for HMs quantification. Our results showed that mineralized zones showed high HMs enrichment levels as compared to non-mineralized zones. Various Indices for HMs assessment revealed that the contaminated soil of the study area had low to extreme level. The mean concentrations of HMs in mining degraded soil and medicinal plants were significantly higher (p ≤ 0.01) and were found in order of Zn > Pb > Cr > Ni > Cd and Cr > Zn > Pb > Ni > Cd respectively. Similarly, some widely consumable medicinal plants showed good metal accumulation for Cd, Cr and Pb i.e., 3.57 mg kg1, 350 mg kg-1 and 335 mg kg-1 in C. sativa, while 5.9 mg kg-1, 276.9 mg kg-1 and 188.7 mg kg-1 in R. hestatus respectively. Hence, the present study recommended that medicinal plants grown in mining areas should be analyzed for HMs concentration before consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javed Nawab
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Kohat University of Science and Technology, Kohat, Pakistan.
| | - Muhammad Idress
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Kohat University of Science and Technology, Kohat, Pakistan
| | - Sajid Ullah
- Department of Water and Environmental Engineering, Nangarhar University, 2600, Jalalabad, Afghanistan
| | - Gul Rukh
- Department of Chemistry, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan, Pakistan
| | - Rimsha Zainab
- Department of Botany, Women University Swabi, 23430, Swabi, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Hassan Sher
- Center for Plant Science, Biodiversity University of Swat, 19130, Swat, Pakistan
| | - Junaid Ghani
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, 40126, Bologna, Italy
| | - Sardar Khan
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Peshawar, 25120, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Zahid Ullah
- School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, 430074, Wuhan, China
| | - Imran Ahmad
- Department of Horticulture, The University of Agriculture Peshawar, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Syed Weqas Ali
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan, Pakistan
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Zhuang Z, Mi Z, Kong L, Wang Q, Schweiger AH, Wan Y, Li H. Accumulation of potentially toxic elements in Chinese tea (Camellia sinensis): Towards source apportionment and health risk assessment. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 851:158018. [PMID: 35987241 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.158018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Revised: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Tea (Camellia sinensis) is a popular beverage that is consumed globally. However, a better understanding of potentially toxic elements (PTEs) content in tea leaves and infusion is necessary to minimize risk on human health. Therefore, 249 tea samples (grown in different areas) covering six types of tea were collected in China to investigate the PTEs contents, identify their potential source and assess the health risk associated with drinking tea. PTE contents in tea leaves across six tea types were ND-0.900 (Cd), 0.005-2.133 (As), ND-5.679 (Pb), ND-13.86 (Cr), 1.601-22.93 (Ni), ND-2.048 (Se), 0.109-622.4 (F), 13.02-269.9 (Rb), 1.845-50.88 (Sr), and 2.796-53.23 (Ba) mg/kg. The result of tea infusion showed that 14.3 %-44.1 % (green tea), 14.5 %-46.7 % (black tea), 10.5 %-25.3 % (dark tea), 13.6 %-34.2 % (oolong tea), 16.9 %-40.7 % (yellow tea), and 19.9 %-35.1 % (white tea) of F were released. All tea types, except green tea, exhibited comparatively low leachability of Cd, As, Pb and Cr in tea infusion. The source apportionment revealed that PTEs in tea leaves mainly originated from soil parental materials, while industrial activities, fertilizer application, and manufacturing processes may contribute to exogenous Se, Cd, As, and Cr accumulation. Health risk assessment indicated that F in tea infusion dominated the health risk. Humans may be exposed to a higher health risk by drinking green tea compared to that of other tea types. Nevertheless, the long-term tea consumption is less likely to contribute to pronounced non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic risks. This study confirmed that tea consumption is an important and direct pathway of PTEs uptake in humans. The health risk associated with drinking tea should be of concern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhong Zhuang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Farmland Soil Pollution Prevention and Remediation, Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions of the Ministry of Education, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Zidong Mi
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Farmland Soil Pollution Prevention and Remediation, Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions of the Ministry of Education, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Lingxuan Kong
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Farmland Soil Pollution Prevention and Remediation, Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions of the Ministry of Education, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Qi Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Farmland Soil Pollution Prevention and Remediation, Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions of the Ministry of Education, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Andreas H Schweiger
- Institute of Landscape and Plant Ecology, University of Hohenheim, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Yanan Wan
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Farmland Soil Pollution Prevention and Remediation, Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions of the Ministry of Education, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China.
| | - Huafen Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Farmland Soil Pollution Prevention and Remediation, Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions of the Ministry of Education, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China.
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Huang Z, Song H, Feng L, Qin J, Wang Q, Guo B, Wei L, Lu Y, Guo H, Zhu D, Ma X, Guo Y, Zheng H, Li M, Su Z. A novel ultrasensitive electrochemical sensor based on a hybrid of rGO/MWCNT/AuNP for the determination of lead(II) in tea drinks. Microchem J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2022.108346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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35
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Bhat SA, Bashir O, Ul Haq SA, Amin T, Rafiq A, Ali M, Américo-Pinheiro JHP, Sher F. Phytoremediation of heavy metals in soil and water: An eco-friendly, sustainable and multidisciplinary approach. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 303:134788. [PMID: 35504464 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.134788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Revised: 04/16/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Rapid industrialization, increased waste production and surge in agricultural activities, mining, contaminated irrigation water and industrial effluents contribute to the contamination of water resources due to heavy metal (HM) accumulation. Humans employ HM-contaminated resources to produce food, which eventually accumulates in the food chain. Decontamination of these valuable resources, as well as avoidance of additional contamination has long been needed to avoid detrimental health impacts. Phytoremediation is a realistic and promising strategy for heavy metal removal from polluted areas, based on the employment of hyper-accumulator plant species that are extremely tolerant to HMs present in the environment/soil. Green plants are used to remove, decompose, or detoxify hazardous metals in this technique. For soil decontamination, five types of phytoremediation methods have been used viz. phytostabilization, phytodegradation, rhizofiltration, phytoextraction and phytovolatilization. Traditional phytoremediation methods, on the other hand, have significant limits in terms of large-scale application, thus biotechnological efforts to modify plants for HM phytoremediation ways are being explored to improve the efficacy of plants as HM decontamination candidates. It is relatively a new technology that is widely regarded as economic, efficient and unique besides being environment friendly. New metal hyperaccumulators with high efficiency are being explored and employed for their use in phytoremediation and phytomining. Therefore, this review comprehensively discusses different strategies and biotechnological approaches for the removal of various HM containments from the environment, with emphasis on the advancements and implications of phytoremediation, along with their applications in cleaning up various toxic pollutants. Moreover, sources, effects of HMs and factors affecting phytoremediation of HMs metals have also been discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shakeel Ahmad Bhat
- College of Agricultural Engineering and Technology, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, 190025, India
| | - Omar Bashir
- Department of Food Technology and Nutrition, Lovely Professional University, Punjab, 144402, India
| | - Syed Anam Ul Haq
- Division of Plant Biotechnology, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, 190025, India
| | - Tawheed Amin
- Division of Food Science and Technology, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, 190025, India
| | - Asif Rafiq
- College of Temperate Sericulture, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir, Mirgund, Baramulla, Jammu and Kashmir, 193121, India
| | - Mudasir Ali
- College of Agricultural Engineering and Technology, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, 190025, India
| | - Juliana Heloisa Pinê Américo-Pinheiro
- School of Engineering, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Ave. Brasil Sul, Number 56, 15385-000, Ilha Solteira, SP, Brazil; Brazil University, Street Carolina Fonseca, Number 584, 08230-030, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Farooq Sher
- Department of Engineering, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, NG11 8NS, United Kingdom.
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Mnafgui W, Hajlaoui H, Rizzo V, Muratore G, Elleuch A. Priming with EDTA, IAA and Fe Alleviates Pb Toxicity in Trigonella Foneum graecum L. growth: Phytochemicals and secondary metabolites. J Biotechnol 2022; 356:42-50. [PMID: 35914618 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2022.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Revised: 07/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
This study evaluated the effects of the exogenous application of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) and iron sulfate (FeSO4) upon the phytochemical mechanisms of fenugreek grown under Pb-excess (2000 mg L-1 PbCl2). The results showed that chemical additives of EDTA and IAA as well as FeSO4 improved fenugreek germination parameters. The radicle length and the amylase activity were significantly improved under IAA treatment compared to EDTA and FeSO4. Exogenous FeSO4 was more effective to improving growth parameters. Moreover, the decrease in hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels was noted under all chemical additives especially under IAA application. In addition, it was more effective than EDTA and Fe in increasing catalase, glutathione (GSH), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), flavonoids and phenols while the increment superoxide dismutase (SOD) production was more pronounced under EDTA addition to Pb than other chelators. HPLC analysis revealed that the gallic was the major phenol produced under all chelators addition especially with IAA. In addition, the syringic acid was only produced with exogenous IAA while the quercetin was only detected under EDTA addition. Our results exhibited a higher IAA efficiency than EDTA and FeSO4 in mitigating Pb stress in fenugreek through up-regulated mechanisms of the antioxidant system for reducing reactive oxygen species (ROS) activities and enhancing special phenols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wiem Mnafgui
- Laboratory of Plant Biotechnology, Faculty of Sciences, BP 1171, 3000 Sfax, University of Sfax, Tunisia; Regional Center for Agricultural Research in Sidi Bouzid. 9100, Tunisia. Laboratory of Non-Conventional Water Valuation (INRGREF), University of Carthage, Tunisia
| | - Hichem Hajlaoui
- Regional Center for Agricultural Research in Sidi Bouzid. 9100, Tunisia. Laboratory of Non-Conventional Water Valuation (INRGREF), University of Carthage, Tunisia
| | - Valeria Rizzo
- Di3A, Dipartimento di Agricoltura, Alimentazione e Ambiente, University of Catania, via S. Sofia 100, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Muratore
- Di3A, Dipartimento di Agricoltura, Alimentazione e Ambiente, University of Catania, via S. Sofia 100, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Amine Elleuch
- Laboratory of Plant Biotechnology, Faculty of Sciences, BP 1171, 3000 Sfax, University of Sfax, Tunisia.
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37
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Wang D, Zheng L, Ren M, Li C, Dong X, Wei X, Zhou W, Cui J. Zinc in soil reflecting the intensive coal mining activities: Evidence from stable zinc isotopes analysis. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2022; 239:113669. [PMID: 35605319 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.113669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Revised: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In the mining area affected by coal mining activities for a long time, heavy metal Zn pollution poses a serious threat to soil quality and human health, and direct evidence showing the relationship between Zn accumulation mechanism in soils and mining activities is lacking. In this study, the Zn content and isotopes composition (δ66Zn) from soil and environmental samples around mining area were determined and analyzed to clarify the Zn characteristics in soil. Moreover, the distribution and source of Zn content in soil of mining area were analyzed by mathematical statistics, correlation analysis and isotope mass mixing model. The results showed that: (1) the Zn content in soil ranged from 95 to 327 mg·kg-1 (mean: 233 mg·kg-1), exceeding the control point and the soil background value of Anhui Province; (2) the results of Zn isotope analysis showed that Zn in soil mainly derived from the wind dispersion input of fine particles in gangue and fly ash, followed by the natural weathering of parent material; (3) isotopic mass mixing model can be used to distinguish the contribution of anthropogenic and natural Zn sources. Mining input was the main contribution source of Zn in soil (mean: 67%), followed by natural background (mean: 33%). The employment of Zn isotopes can effectively evaluate the impact of anthropogenic and natural long-term processes on Zn in the soil of the mining area, and provide important information for the formulation of soil metal pollution control measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dandan Wang
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Anhui University, Anhui Province Engineering Laboratory for Mine Ecological Remediation, Hefei 230601, Anhui, China
| | - Liugen Zheng
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Anhui University, Anhui Province Engineering Laboratory for Mine Ecological Remediation, Hefei 230601, Anhui, China.
| | - Mengxi Ren
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Anhui University, Anhui Province Engineering Laboratory for Mine Ecological Remediation, Hefei 230601, Anhui, China
| | - Chang Li
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Anhui University, Anhui Province Engineering Laboratory for Mine Ecological Remediation, Hefei 230601, Anhui, China
| | - Xianglin Dong
- Geological Survey Division, Huaibei Coal Mining Group Corporation, Huaibei 235001, Anhui, China
| | - Xiangpin Wei
- Geological Survey Division, Huaibei Coal Mining Group Corporation, Huaibei 235001, Anhui, China
| | - Weijun Zhou
- Linhuan Coal Mine, Huaibei Coal Mining Group Corporation, Huaibei 235001, Anhui, China
| | - Jiasheng Cui
- Linhuan Coal Mine, Huaibei Coal Mining Group Corporation, Huaibei 235001, Anhui, China
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38
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Zeng J, Han G, Zhang S, Liang B, Qu R, Liu M, Liu J. Potentially toxic elements in cascade dams-influenced river originated from Tibetan Plateau. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 208:112716. [PMID: 35026184 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.112716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2021] [Revised: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Rivers originated from Tibetan Plateau are of great significance due to their environmental sensibility and fragility. However, the pollution of suspended particulate matter (SPM) in these rivers is rarely reported, in particular, the potentially toxic elements (PTEs) contamination. To clarify the status, sources, behavior, and risks of PTEs in SPM, a full investigation was conducted in dams-influenced Lancangjiang River basin. The findings revealed that the PTEs content (mg kg-1) ranked Mn (766) > V (151.7) > Zn (131.0) > Cr (94.6) > Ni (44.2) > Pb (36.7) > Cu (29.4) > Co (14.6) > Sb (2.6) > Mo (1.6) > Tl (0.78) > Cd (0.48). The multi-index assessment suggested that Sb and Cd were moderately severe to severe enriched PTEs with the enrichment factor values of 10.0 and 8.8 and the geo-accumulation index values of 2.2 and 2.0, respectively, while the rest of PTEs were minor/no enrichment. In contrast, Cr and Ni were major toxic elements in SPM which contributed 25 ± 10%, 24 ± 8% to the total toxic risk index. The high partition coefficients (e.g., 6.1 for Cr) were observed in most PTEs and resulted in the 96.3% of Cr, 85.2% of Zn, 83.6% of Pb, 77.8% of Ni, and 63.2% of Cu transportation in the SPM form. Natural inputs (e.g., soil erosion) are the main source (53.6%∼61.9%) of V, Cr, Mn, Co, Ni, and Tl, while fuel burning contributed 40.9% of Zn, 32.5% of Pb, and 37.3% of Cd. Moreover, 51.2% of Sb was attributed to industrial waste source, while porphyry copper/molybdenum deposits related milltailings were the co-source of Mo (54.4%) and Cu (34.8%). Overall, the PTEs geochemistry of SPM showed the potential in tracing regional environmental change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zeng
- Institute of Earth Sciences, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Guilin Han
- Institute of Earth Sciences, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing, 100083, China.
| | - Shitong Zhang
- Institute of Earth Sciences, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Bin Liang
- Institute of Earth Sciences, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Rui Qu
- Institute of Earth Sciences, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Man Liu
- Institute of Earth Sciences, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Jinke Liu
- Institute of Earth Sciences, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing, 100083, China
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Yang G, Zhou D, Wan R, Wang C, Xie J, Ma C, Li Y. HPLC and high-throughput sequencing revealed higher tea-leaves quality, soil fertility and microbial community diversity in ancient tea plantations: compared with modern tea plantations. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 22:239. [PMID: 35550027 PMCID: PMC9097118 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-022-03633-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ancient tea plantations with an age over 100 years still reserved at Mengku Town in Lincang Region of Yunan Province, China. However, the characteristic of soil chemicophysical properties and microbial ecosystem in the ancient tea plantations and their correlation with tea-leaves chemical components remained unclear. Tea-leaves chemical components including free amino acids, phenolic compounds and purine alkaloids collected from modern and ancient tea plantations in five geographic sites (i.e. Bingdao, Baqishan, Banuo, Dongguo and Jiulong) were determined by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), while their soil microbial community structure was analyzed by high-throughput sequencing, respectively. Additionally, soil microbial quantity and chemicophysical properties including pH, cation exchange capacity (CEC), soil organic matter (SOM), soil organic carbon (SOC), total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP), total potassium (TK), alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen (AN), available phosphorous (AP) and available potassium (AK) were determined in modern and ancient tea plantations. RESULTS Tea-leaves chemical components, soil chemicophysical properties and microbial community structures including bacterial and fungal community abundance and diversity evaluated by Chao 1 and Shannon varied with geographic location and tea plantation type. Ancient tea plantations were observed to possess significantly (P < 0.05) higher free amino acids, gallic acid, caffeine and epigallocatechin (EGC) in tea-leaves, as well as soil fertility. The bacterial community structure kept stable, while fungal community abundance and diversity significantly (P < 0.05) increased in ancient tea plantation because of higher soil fertility and lower pH. The long-term plantation in natural cultivation way might significantly (P < 0.05) improve the abundances of Nitrospirota, Methylomirabilota, Ascomycota and Mortierellomycota phyla. CONCLUSIONS Due to the natural cultivation way, the ancient tea plantations still maintained relatively higher soil fertility and soil microbial ecosystem, which contributed to the sustainable development of tea-leaves with higher quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangrong Yang
- College of Tea, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, Yunnan, China
| | - Dapeng Zhou
- College of Tea, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, Yunnan, China
| | - Renyuan Wan
- College of Tea, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, Yunnan, China
| | - Conglian Wang
- College of Tea, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, Yunnan, China
| | - Jin Xie
- College of Tea, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, Yunnan, China
| | - Cunqiang Ma
- College of Tea, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, Yunnan, China.
- College of Horticulture and Forestry, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China.
| | - Yongmei Li
- College of Resources and Environment, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, Yunnan, China.
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Brodziak-Dopierała B, Fischer A. Analysis of Mercury Content in Various Types of Tea ( Camellia sinensis) and Yerba Mate ( Ilex paraguariensis). INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:5491. [PMID: 35564885 PMCID: PMC9102548 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19095491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Due to the content of active ingredients, teas can be used prophylactically, but most of all they are consumed for taste reasons. As with food or water, these products can be contaminated with heavy metals, including mercury. Mercury (Hg) is a toxic element, it causes many side effects in the human body depending on the form of Hg, which can include respiratory failure, kidney damage, neurological disorders. At the cellular level, Hg and its compounds lead to a disturbance of metabolism and cell death. The aim of the study was to evaluate the mercury concentration of tea (Camellia sinensis) and Yerba Mate (Ilex paraguariensis). Eighty-six samples were collected and analyzed, including the following kinds: black, green, white, Pu-erh, and Yerba Mate. The samples came from Poland. The Hg concentration was determined with an AMA 254 atomic absorption spectrometer. The study showed that the Hg content in each tea sample averaged 2.47 μg/kg. The Hg concentration in the tested types of tea differed significantly statistically (p = 0.000). It was the largest in Yerba Mate, followed by green, Pu-erh, and white tea, and was the smallest in black tea. Statistically significant differences in the Hg content (p = 0.004) were also dependent on the form of the product; in leaf tea samples, the concentration of Hg (2.54 µg/kg) was higher than in tea bags (1.16 µg/kg). The Hg concentration determined in the tested samples does not exceed the permitted EU standard. Consuming these teas poses no health risk in terms of the amount of Hg.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Brodziak-Dopierała
- Department of Toxicology and Bioanalysis, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Science, Medical University of Silesia, 30 Ostrogórska Str., 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland;
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Heavy Metal Pollution and Its Prior Pollution Source Identification in Agricultural Soil: A Case Study in the Qianguo Irrigation District, Northeast China. SUSTAINABILITY 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/su14084494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Heavy metals are the primary pollutants in agricultural soil and have hindered the sustainable development of agriculture. To control heavy metal pollution, it is essential to identify the pollution sources, particularly the prior source, in agricultural soils. In the current study, Qianguo Irrigation District, a typical agricultural region in Northeast China, was selected to be investigated for the source apportionment of soil heavy metals and identify the prior pollution source. The results showed that the study area was at a moderate pollution level with considerable ecological risk, while Hg and Cd were the main pollutants. Human-health risk assessment indicated that the non-carcinogenic risk for all populations was acceptable (HI < 1), and the carcinogenic risk was not negligible (10−6 < TCR < 10−4). The main pollution sources were concluded to be of lithogenic origin (35.5%), livestock manure (25.4%), coal combustion (21.5%), and chemical fertilizers (17.7%). Coal combustion was identified as the prior pollution source, accounting for 47.69% of the RI contribution. This study can provide scientific support for environmental management and pollution control of soil heavy metals in agricultural regions.
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Wang Y, Wu X, Wang Y, Zhang S, Dong S, Zhou W. Short- and medium-chain chlorinated paraffins in green tea from 11 Chinese provinces and their migration from packaging. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 427:128192. [PMID: 35007805 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.128192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Revised: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Chlorinated paraffins (CPs) have been found to occur ubiquitously in foodstuff of both animal and plant origin. However, limited information is available on the content of CPs in green tea, one of the most commonly consumed beverages worldwide. Herein, 107 commercial green tea samples originating from 11 provinces of China, were collected to study the occurrence of short- and medium-chain chlorinated paraffins (SCCPs and MCCPs, respectively). The concentration of SCCPs in all green tea samples ranged from 4.99 to 717 ng/g (mean: 55.7 ng/g), while MCCPs ranged from 2.55 to 543 ng/g (mean: 33.5 ng/g). CP profiles in green tea samples from different provinces exhibited no regional differences. To identify the potential sources of CPs in green tea, 19 tea packaging samples were collected and analyzed, showing that SCCPs and MCCPs existed at much higher concentrations in the tea packaging material than in the teas. Migration tests indicated that CPs could migrate from packaging into teas during storage, with the migration velocity and efficiency of SCCPs being higher than MCCPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujiao Wang
- College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xingyi Wu
- College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yaxin Wang
- Institute of Quality Standards and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Su Zhang
- Institute of Quality Standards and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Shujun Dong
- Institute of Quality Standards and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Wenfeng Zhou
- College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
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Suspended Sediments Quality Assessment in a Coastal River: Identification of Potentially Toxic Elements. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19074293. [PMID: 35409972 PMCID: PMC8999047 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19074293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Revised: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
In coastal rivers with various human and damming activities (reservoir), the cycle and biogeochemistry of environmental pollutants in river systems has been modified. A total of 42 suspended particulate matter (SPM) samples were obtained in Jiulongjiang River, southeast China to investigate the concentration, sources, behavior, and risks of nine potentially toxic elements (PTEs) in SPM. The results of metals concentration showed relatively large variation, major for Mn and minor for Co; Mn > Zn > V > Pb > Cr > Ni > Cu > Cd > Co. Multi-index evaluation reflected that most of the PTEs are minor enrichment/moderately polluted. The Cd is defined as extremely severe enrichment/polluted level, and the Pb and Zn as minor enrichment/moderately polluted levels. Among the selected PTEs, Cd and Zn are identified as the main toxic factors of SPM with a contribution of 57 ± 18% and 14 ± 7% to the total toxic risk. The sources identification suggested that human inputs may be the primary potential source of Cd, Zn, Pb, and Co, whereas natural sources (e.g., rock weathering) are likely to be responsible for Cu, Cr, V, and Ni. In contrast, the data suggested that Mn may be attributed to both natural and anthropogenic inputs. The PTEs among dissolved, suspended, and sediment phases reflected the transportation behavior and different potential risk levels. Overall, the PTE geochemistry of river SPM can act as a good indicator of the driving mechanism of PTEs’ accumulation and provide a powerful support for controlling riverine PTEs-related pollution in coastal regions.
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Wang Q, Wang D, Li Z, Wang Y, Yang Y, Liu M, Li D, Sun G, Zeng B. Concentrations, leachability, and health risks of mercury in green tea from major production areas in China. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2022; 232:113279. [PMID: 35121251 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.113279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2021] [Revised: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Green tea has many health benefits and is the most consumed type in China. However, the heavy metals and contaminants in tea can also pose a great risk to human health. In this study, mercury (Hg) concentration in green tea collected from 11 provinces in China was examined. The leaching characteristics of Hg during brewing and the associated exposure to drinkers were also evaluated. Results indicated a low potential of Hg accumulation in green tea. The Hg content of green tea from Wanshan District, Guizhou Province-which has the largest Hg mine in China and is severely contaminated by Hg-could be limited by controlling the harvest time of tea leaves. The average Hg content of green tea from 43 tea production sites in China was only 6.3 ± 6.4 µg/kg dry weight. The brewing experiments of green tea showed that the leaching ratio of Hg was 22.61 ± 7.58% for 40 min of a single brew, and increased to 32.83 ± 12.37% after four rounds (3 min/ round) of brewing. The leaching of Hg from tea leaves was significantly affected by leaching time, temperature, and solid-liquid ratio but not by water hardness. The risk of Hg exposure from green tea intake was found to be very low, with an average hazard quotient (HQ) value of only 1.82 ± 1.85% for a single brew in 40 min and 2.64 ± 2.68% after four rounds of brewing. However, in some highly contaminated areas, with HQ values as high as 43.12 ± 2.41%, green tea intake may still pose a high risk of Hg exposure, and this risk should not be ignored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingfeng Wang
- Department of Resources and Environment, Zunyi Normal College, Zunyi 563006, PR China; Key Laboratory of Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Ministry of Education, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550004, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang 550081, PR China.
| | - Dan Wang
- Department of Resources and Environment, Zunyi Normal College, Zunyi 563006, PR China
| | - Zhonggen Li
- Department of Resources and Environment, Zunyi Normal College, Zunyi 563006, PR China
| | - Yuyu Wang
- Department of Resources and Environment, Zunyi Normal College, Zunyi 563006, PR China
| | - Yan Yang
- Department of Resources and Environment, Zunyi Normal College, Zunyi 563006, PR China
| | - Mengxun Liu
- Department of Resources and Environment, Zunyi Normal College, Zunyi 563006, PR China
| | - Dadong Li
- Department of Resources and Environment, Zunyi Normal College, Zunyi 563006, PR China
| | - Guangyi Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang 550081, PR China.
| | - Boping Zeng
- Department of Resources and Environment, Zunyi Normal College, Zunyi 563006, PR China
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Borgohain A, Sarmah M, Konwar K, Gogoi R, Bikash Gogoi B, Khare P, Kumar Paul R, Handique JG, Malakar H, Deka D, Saikia J, Karak T. Tea pruning litter biochar amendment in soil reduces arsenic, cadmium, and chromium in made tea (Camellia sinensis L.) and tea infusion: A safe drink for tea consumers. Food Chem X 2022; 13:100255. [PMID: 35498976 PMCID: PMC9040026 DOI: 10.1016/j.fochx.2022.100255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
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Heavy Metal Concentrations of Soil, Rock, and Coal Gangue in the Geological Profile of a Large Open-Pit Coal Mine in China. SUSTAINABILITY 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/su14021020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Risk assessment related to heavy metals in mining areas is crucial to ensuring the sustainable development of regional ecosystems and protecting human health. However, almost all research on the impact of mining activities on environmental quality entails field monitoring of surface soils or soil profiles. Here, to compare the variety of heavy metal concentrations in the geological profile, 39 samples (including soil, rock, and coal gangue) were collected and analyzed from hundreds of meters underground in the Pingshuo coal mine (Anjialing coal mine, Antaibao coal mine, and Donglutian coal mine), which is the largest open-pit coal mine in China. The mean heavy metal concentrations of Cd, Hg, As, Pb, Cr, Cu, Zn, and Ni in soils were 0.15 mg/kg, 0.02 mg/kg, 13.70 mg/kg, 27.12 mg/kg, 70.89 mg/kg, 26.10 mg/kg, 79.88 mg/kg, and 37.68 mg/kg, respectively; most of these metals were more concentrated in the soil samples than in the rock and coal gangue samples. A potential ecological risk assessment indicated that As, Pb, Cr, Cu, Zn, and Ni in all samples showed low risk, while the ecological risk degrees of Cd and Hg were higher and contributed most to the total risk index (RI). The highest E_r^i value (92.94) for Cd was found in rock samples, contributing to approximately 55.18% of the to tal RI. For Hg, four rock sampling sites had the highest E_r^i values (427.70, 270.78, 198.96, and 188.70), contributing approximately 68.36–88.07% of the total RI. Ranked after soil (0.15 mg/kg), limestone and shale showed high mean Cd concentrations (both 0.13 mg/kg). The highest mean concentration was found in coal gangue samples (0.1 mg/kg). Compared with the other types of samples, the mean concentrations of Cr, Cu, and Ni in soils, limestone, and mudstone were relatively higher. At different sites, heavy metal concentrations varied greatly at different depths, owing to diverse sample types and rock types. Correlations between heavy metals and soil nutrients indicated that N and P were closely correlated with heavy metals. Comparing the proportions of different heavy metals in various types of samples showed that heavy metals in soils were extremely similar to those in limestone, mudstone, and shale, implying that soils might indirectly inherit their features from their parent material.
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47
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Xu Y, Yang R, Zhang J, Gao L, Ni X. Distribution and dispersion of heavy metals in the rock-soil-moss system of the black shale areas in the southeast of Guizhou Province, China. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:854-867. [PMID: 34342823 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-15335-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Black shales are easily exposed due to human activities such as mining, road construction, and shale gas development, which results in several environmental issues including heavy metal (HM) pollution, soil erosion, and the destruction of vegetation. Mosses are widely used to monitor metal pollution in the atmosphere, but few studies on the distribution and dispersion of HMs in the rock-soil-moss system are available. Here, mosses (Pohlia flexuosa Harv. in Hook), growing soils, and corresponding parent rocks were collected from black shale areas. After appropriate pretreatment, samples were analyzed for multiple elemental concentrations by ICP-AES and ICP-MS. The results show that black shale parent rocks have elevated HM concentration and act as a source of multiple metals. The overlying soil significantly inherits and accumulates heavy metals released from black shale. Significant positive correlations between HMs in P. flexuosa and the growing soils indicate that HMs are mainly originating from geological source rather than atmospheric deposition. Differential accumulation of HMs is observed between rhizoids and stems in our study. Moreover, P. flexuosa is able to cope with high concentrations of toxic metals without any visible negative effect on its growth and development. Finally, the bioconcentration factor (BCF) for all the HMs in P. flexuosa is less than 1, indicating that it has a tolerance and exclusion mechanism for these metals, especially for the non-essential elements As and Pb. Therefore, the luxuriant and spontaneous growth of P. flexuosa could be used as a phytostabilization pioneer plant in the black shale outcrop where vascular plants are rare.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiyuan Xu
- College of Resources and Environment Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China
- Key Laboratory of Karst Georesources and Environment, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Ruidong Yang
- College of Resources and Environment Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China.
- Key Laboratory of Karst Georesources and Environment, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China.
| | - Jian Zhang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225127, China
| | - Lei Gao
- College of Resources and Environment Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China
- Key Laboratory of Karst Georesources and Environment, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Xinran Ni
- College of Resources and Environment Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China
- Key Laboratory of Karst Georesources and Environment, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China
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Zhang Y, Wang S, Gao Z, Zhang H, Zhu Z, Jiang B, Liu J, Dong H. Contamination characteristics, source analysis and health risk assessment of heavy metals in the soil in Shi River Basin in China based on high density sampling. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 227:112926. [PMID: 34687942 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.112926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Revised: 09/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
To explore the contamination of heavy metals in the Shi River Basin soil in China, a high density sampling of surface soil was conducted. In this study, an absolute principal component scores multiple linear regression model (APCS-MLR) was used to identify the sources of heavy metals in the soil and quantify their amounts. The methods to assess the heavy metals included a fuzzy synthetic evaluation, index and health risk assessment. The results show that heavy metals are relatively rich southwest of the study area. Their levels may be affected by natural sources, such as parent materials. The pollution caused by human factors cannot be ignored, and it is primarily influenced by traffic emissions and processing sources, which contribute 62.6%, followed by agricultural sources, such as pesticides and fertilizers, that contribute 21.1%. The risk assessment indicated that the study area was slightly to moderately polluted. All heavy metals pose higher carcinogenic and other health risks to children than adults, and ingestion is the main way that these pollutants enter the body. The carcinogenic risk of children owing to Cr from natural sources merits further study, while the carcinogenic risk to adults and the non-carcinogenic risk to both adults and children are at acceptable levels. Transportation and industrial processing sources are the main cause of the non-carcinogenic risk. The results could provide reference for reducing heavy metal pollution in the soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqi Zhang
- College of Earth Science and Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266590, China
| | - Songtao Wang
- The Fourth Geological Brigade of Shandong Provincial Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, Weifang 261021, China; Key Laboratory of Coastal Zone Geological Environment Protection of Shandong Geology and Mineral Exploration and Development Bureau, Weifang 261021, China
| | - Zongjun Gao
- College of Earth Science and Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266590, China.
| | - Hairui Zhang
- The Fourth Geological Brigade of Shandong Provincial Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, Weifang 261021, China; Key Laboratory of Coastal Zone Geological Environment Protection of Shandong Geology and Mineral Exploration and Development Bureau, Weifang 261021, China
| | - Zihui Zhu
- The Fourth Geological Brigade of Shandong Provincial Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, Weifang 261021, China; Key Laboratory of Coastal Zone Geological Environment Protection of Shandong Geology and Mineral Exploration and Development Bureau, Weifang 261021, China
| | - Bing Jiang
- The Fourth Geological Brigade of Shandong Provincial Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, Weifang 261021, China; Key Laboratory of Coastal Zone Geological Environment Protection of Shandong Geology and Mineral Exploration and Development Bureau, Weifang 261021, China
| | - Jiutan Liu
- College of Energy and Mining Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266590, China
| | - Hongzhi Dong
- College of Earth Science and Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266590, China
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Krstić M, Stupar M, Đukić-Ćosić D, Baralić K, Mračević SĐ. Health risk assessment of toxic metals and toxigenic fungi in commercial herbal tea samples from Belgrade, Serbia. J Food Compost Anal 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2021.104159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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50
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Kobya Y, Bilgin A, Yesilkanat CM, Bassari A, Taskin H. Trace element-based geochemical contamination characteristics and potential risks to human health: a case study from Northeast Turkey. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2021; 43:4959-4974. [PMID: 33982184 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-021-00965-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 05/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Trace elements measured in Artvin province soil samples in Northeast Turkey were assessed using pollution and health indices. The study area is positioned in one of the essential metallogenic belts in Turkey. This attempt is the first endeavor toward the study area in this context. The measured trace elements are As, Co, Cr, Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb and Zn, as they were assessed using pollution indices, enrichment factor, geo-accumulation index, contamination factor, and health risk assessment methods. According to the results of enrichment factor (EF), geo-accumulation index (Igeo), and contamination factor (CF), the soils of Artvin province show a slightly severe enrichment, moderately polluted and very high contaminated with arsenic, respectively. The pollution load index score (PLI) index (1.57) indicates that Artvin province is polluted in terms of trace elements. The hazard index (HI) calculated values for children and adults were 1.55 and 0.18, respectively. This revealed that the aforementioned metals can have non-carcinogenic effects (HI > 1). Total potential carcinogenic health risk (TCR) values for children and adults were 3.22 × 10-5 and 1.40 × 10-5, respectively. The non-carcinogenic risk level indicates that there may be a risk for children rather than adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasar Kobya
- Faculty of Engineering, Energy Systems Engineering, Artvin Çoruh University, 08100, Artvin, Turkey
| | - Ayla Bilgin
- Faculty of Engineering, Department of Environmental Engineering, Artvin Çoruh University, 08100, Artvin, Turkey
| | | | - Asiye Bassari
- Çekmece Nuclear Research and Training Center, Yarımburgaz Mah, 34303, Halkalı İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Halim Taskin
- Çekmece Nuclear Research and Training Center, Yarımburgaz Mah, 34303, Halkalı İstanbul, Turkey
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