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Wang J, Xue Y, Wu B, Lei M, Ma H, He X, Tan Q, Guan J, Song W, Li R, Cui X. Toxic effect and mRNA mechanism of moon dust simulant induced pulmonary inflammation in rats. Toxicology 2024; 505:153805. [PMID: 38621634 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2024.153805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2024] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
Moon dust presents a significant hazard to manned moon exploration missions, yet our understanding of its toxicity remains limited. The objective of this study is to investigate the pattern and mechanism of lung inflammation induced by subacute exposure to moon dust simulants (MDS) in rats. SD rats were exposed to MDS and silica dioxide through oral and nasal inhalation for 6 hours per day continuously for 15 days. Pathological analysis indicated that the toxicity of MDS was lower than that of silica dioxide. MDS led to a notable recruitment and infiltration of macrophages in the rat lungs. Material characterization and biochemical analysis revealed that SiO2, Fe2O3, and TiO2 could be crucial sources of MDS toxicity. The study revealed that MDS-induced oxidative stress response can lead to pulmonary inflammation, which potentially may progress to lung fibrosis. Transcriptome sequencing revealed that MDS suppresses the PI3K-AKT signaling pathway, triggers the Tnfr2 non-classical NF-kB pathway and IL-17 signaling pathway, ultimately causing lung inflammation and activating predominantly antioxidant immune responses. Moreover, the study identified the involvement of upregulated genes IL1b, csf2, and Sod2 in regulating immune responses in rat lungs, making them potential key targets for preventing pulmonary toxicity related to moon dust exposure. These findings are expected to aid in safeguarding astronauts against the hazardous effects of moon dust and offer fresh insights into the implications and mechanisms of moon dust toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jintao Wang
- School of Aerospace Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yuan Xue
- China Astronaut Research and Training Center, Beijing, China
| | - Bin Wu
- China Astronaut Research and Training Center, Beijing, China
| | - Ming Lei
- China Astronaut Research and Training Center, Beijing, China
| | - Honglei Ma
- China Astronaut Research and Training Center, Beijing, China
| | - Xinxing He
- China Astronaut Research and Training Center, Beijing, China
| | - Qi Tan
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Jian Guan
- Aier Eye Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Wei Song
- School of Aerospace Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Renfu Li
- School of Aerospace Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Xinguang Cui
- School of Aerospace Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
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Kim HJ, Yang J, Herath KHINM, Jeon YJ, Son YO, Kwon D, Kim HJ, Jee Y. Oral Administration of Sargassum horneri Suppresses Particulate Matter-Induced Oxidative DNA Damage in Alveolar Macrophages of Allergic Airway Inflammation: Relevance to PM-Mediated M1/M2 AM Polarization. Mol Nutr Food Res 2023; 67:e2300462. [PMID: 37986167 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202300462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
SCOPE Particulate matter (PM) can cause cellular oxidative damage and promote respiratory diseases. It has recently shown that Sargassum horneri ethanol extract (SHE) containing sterols and gallic acid reduces PM-induced oxidative stress in mice lung cells through ROS scavenging and metal chelating. In this study, the role of alveolar macrophages (AMs) is identified that are particularly susceptible to DNA damage due to PM-triggered oxidative stress in lungs of OVA-sensitized mice exposed to PM. METHODS AND RESULTS The study scrutinizes if PM exposure causes oxidative DNA damage to AMs differentially depending on their type of polarization. Further, SHE's potential is investigated in reducing oxidative DNA damage in polarized AMs and restoring AM polarization in PM-induced allergic airway inflammation. The study discovers that PM triggers prolonged oxidative stress to AMs, leading to lipid peroxidation in them and alveolar epithelial cells. Particularly, AMs are polarized to M2 phenotype (F4/80+ CD206+ ) with enhanced oxidative DNA damage when subject to PM-induced oxidative stress. However, SHE repairs oxidative DNA damage in M1- and M2-polarized AMs and reduces AMs polarization imbalance due to PM exposure. CONCLUSION These results suggest the possibility of SHE as beneficial foods against PM-induced allergic airway inflammation via suppression of AM dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyo Jin Kim
- Department of Food Bioengineering, Jeju National University, Jeju, 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiwon Yang
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Advanced Convergence Technology & Science, Jeju National University, Jeju, 63243, Republic of Korea
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Faculty of Biotechnology, College of Applied Life Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju, 63243, Republic of Korea
| | | | - You-Jin Jeon
- Department of Marine Life Science, School of Marine Biomedical Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju, 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Ok Son
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Advanced Convergence Technology & Science, Jeju National University, Jeju, 63243, Republic of Korea
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Faculty of Biotechnology, College of Applied Life Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju, 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Doyoung Kwon
- College of Pharmacy, Jeju National University, Jeju, 63243, Republic of Korea
- Jeju Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju, 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Jung Kim
- Department of Food Bioengineering, Jeju National University, Jeju, 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngheun Jee
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Advanced Convergence Technology & Science, Jeju National University, Jeju, 63243, Republic of Korea
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Veterinary Medical Research Institute, Jeju National University, Jeju, 63243, Republic of Korea
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3
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Kamanzi C, Becker M, Jacobs M, Konečný P, Von Holdt J, Broadhurst J. The impact of coal mine dust characteristics on pathways to respiratory harm: investigating the pneumoconiotic potency of coals. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2023; 45:7363-7388. [PMID: 37131112 PMCID: PMC10517901 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-023-01583-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to dust from the mining environment has historically resulted in epidemic levels of mortality and morbidity from pneumoconiotic diseases such as silicosis, coal workers' pneumoconiosis (CWP), and asbestosis. Studies have shown that CWP remains a critical issue at collieries across the globe, with some countries facing resurgent patterns of the disease and additional pathologies from long-term exposure. Compliance measures to reduce dust exposure rely primarily on the assumption that all "fine" particles are equally toxic irrespective of source or chemical composition. For several ore types, but more specifically coal, such an assumption is not practical due to the complex and highly variable nature of the material. Additionally, several studies have identified possible mechanisms of pathogenesis from the minerals and deleterious metals in coal. The purpose of this review was to provide a reassessment of the perspectives and strategies used to evaluate the pneumoconiotic potency of coal mine dust. Emphasis is on the physicochemical characteristics of coal mine dust such as mineralogy/mineral chemistry, particle shape, size, specific surface area, and free surface area-all of which have been highlighted as contributing factors to the expression of pro-inflammatory responses in the lung. The review also highlights the potential opportunity for more holistic risk characterisation strategies for coal mine dust, which consider the mineralogical and physicochemical aspects of the dust as variables relevant to the current proposed mechanisms for CWP pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Conchita Kamanzi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Minerals to Metals Initiative, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Centre for Minerals Research, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.
| | - Megan Becker
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Minerals to Metals Initiative, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Centre for Minerals Research, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Muazzam Jacobs
- Division of Immunology, Department of Pathology, Institute for Infectious Diseases and Molecular Medicine, Neuroscience Institute, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Petr Konečný
- Division of Immunology, Department of Pathology, Institute for Infectious Diseases and Molecular Medicine, Neuroscience Institute, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Johanna Von Holdt
- Department of Environmental and Geographical Science, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Jennifer Broadhurst
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Minerals to Metals Initiative, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
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He YS, Wu ZD, Wang GH, Wang X, Mei YJ, Sui C, Tao SS, Zhao CN, Wang P, Ni J, Pan HF. Impact of short-term exposure to ambient air pollution on osteoarthritis: a multi-city time-series analysis in Central-Eastern China. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:104258-104269. [PMID: 37700129 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-29694-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023]
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a threat to public health issue with high morbidity and disability worldwide. However, unequivocal evidence on the link between air pollution and OA remains little, especially in multi-study sites. This study aimed to explore the relationship between short-term exposure to main air pollutants and the risk of OA outpatient visits in multi-study sites. A multi-city time-series analysis was performed in Anhui Province, Central-Eastern China from January 1, 2015, to December 31, 2020. We used a two-stage analysis to assess the association between air pollution and daily OA outpatient visits. City-specific associations were estimated with a distributed lag nonlinear model and then pooled by random-effects or fixed-effects meta-analysis. Stratified analysis was conducted by gender, age, and season. Additionally, the disease burden of OA attributable to air pollutant exposure was calculated. A total of 35,700 OA outpatients were included during the study period. The pooled exposure-response curves showed that PM2.5 and PM10 concentrations below the reference values could increase the risk of OA outpatient visits. Concretely, per 10 ug/m3 increase in PM2.5 concentration was linked to an elevated risk of OA outpatient visits at lag 2 and lag 3 days, where the effect reached its highest value on lag 2 day (RR: 1.023, 95%CI: 1.005-1.041). We observed that a 10 μg/m3 increase in PM10 was positively correlated with OA outpatient visits (lag2 day, RR: 1.011, 95%CI: 1.001-1.025). Nevertheless, no statistical significance was discovered in gaseous pollutants (including SO2, O3, and CO). Additionally, a significant difference was found between cold and warm seasons, but not between different genders or age groups. This study reveals that particulate matter is an important factor for the onset of OA in Anhui Province, China. However, there is no evidence of a relationship of gaseous pollutants with OA in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Sheng He
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, People's Republic of China
- Institute of Kidney Disease, Inflammation & Immunity Mediated Diseases, The Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, People's Republic of China
- Anhui Provincial Institute of Translational Medicine, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Zheng-Dong Wu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, People's Republic of China
- Institute of Kidney Disease, Inflammation & Immunity Mediated Diseases, The Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, People's Republic of China
- Anhui Provincial Institute of Translational Medicine, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Gui-Hong Wang
- Department of Rheumatology, Anqing Hospital Affiliated to Anhui Medical University, Anqing, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaohu Wang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong-Jun Mei
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, People's Republic of China
| | - Cong Sui
- Department of Orthopedics Trauma, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Sha-Sha Tao
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, People's Republic of China
- Institute of Kidney Disease, Inflammation & Immunity Mediated Diseases, The Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, People's Republic of China
- Anhui Provincial Institute of Translational Medicine, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Chan-Na Zhao
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, People's Republic of China
- Institute of Kidney Disease, Inflammation & Immunity Mediated Diseases, The Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, People's Republic of China
- Anhui Provincial Institute of Translational Medicine, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Peng Wang
- Teaching Center for Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230016, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Ni
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, People's Republic of China
- Institute of Kidney Disease, Inflammation & Immunity Mediated Diseases, The Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, People's Republic of China
- Anhui Provincial Institute of Translational Medicine, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Hai-Feng Pan
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, People's Republic of China.
- Institute of Kidney Disease, Inflammation & Immunity Mediated Diseases, The Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, People's Republic of China.
- Anhui Provincial Institute of Translational Medicine, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, People's Republic of China.
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5
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Liu X, Ge P, Lu Z, Cao M, Chen W, Yan Z, Chen M, Wang J. Ecotoxicity induced by total, water soluble and insoluble components of atmospheric fine particulate matter exposure in Caenorhabditis elegans. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 316:137672. [PMID: 36587918 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.137672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Although PM2.5 could cause toxicity in environmental organisms, the toxicity difference of PM2.5 under different solubilities is still poorly understood. To acquire a better knowledge of the ecotoxicity of PM2.5 under different solubilities, the model animal Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) was exposed to Total-PM2.5, water insoluble components of PM2.5 (WIS-PM2.5) and water soluble components of PM2.5 (WS-PM2.5). The physiological (growth, locomotion behavior, and reproduction), biochemical (germline apoptosis, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production) indices, and the related gene expression were examined. According to the findings, acute exposure to these three components caused adverse physiological effects on growth and locomotion behavior, and significantly induced germline apoptosis or ROS production. In contrast, prolonged exposure showed stronger adverse effects than acute exposure. Additionally, the results of multiple toxicological endpoints showed that the toxicity effects of WIS-PM2.5 are more intense than WS-PM2.5, which means that insoluble components contributed more to the toxicity of PM2.5. Prolonged exposure to 1000 mg/L WS-PM2.5, WIS-PM2.5, and Total-PM2.5 dramatically altered the expression of stress-related genes, which further indicated that apoptosis, DNA damage and oxidative stress play a crucial part in toxicity induced by PM2.5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoming Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing, 210044, China
| | - Pengxiang Ge
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing, 210044, China
| | - Zhenyu Lu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing, 210044, China
| | - Maoyu Cao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing, 210044, China
| | - Wankang Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing, 210044, China
| | - Zhansheng Yan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing, 210044, China
| | - Mindong Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing, 210044, China.
| | - Junfeng Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing, 210044, China.
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6
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Park M, Cho YL, Choi Y, Min JK, Park YJ, Yoon SJ, Kim DS, Son MY, Chung SW, Lee H, Lee SJ. Particulate matter induces ferroptosis by accumulating iron and dysregulating the antioxidant system. BMB Rep 2023; 56:96-101. [PMID: 36476270 PMCID: PMC9978363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Particulate matter is an air pollutant composed of various components, and has adverse effects on the human body. Particulate matter is known to induce cell death by generating an imbalance in the antioxidant system; however, the underlying mechanism has not been elucidated. In the present study, we demonstrated the cytotoxic effects of the size and composition of particulate matter on small intestine cells. We found that particulate matter 2.5 (PM2.5) with extraction ion (EI) components (PM2.5 EI), is more cytotoxic than PM containing only polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Additionally, PM-induced cell death is characteristic of ferroptosis, and includes iron accumulation, lipid peroxidation, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. Furthermore, ferroptosis inhibitor as liproxstatin-1 and iron-chelator as deferiprone attenuated cell mortality, lipid peroxidation, iron accumulation, and ROS production after PM2.5 EI treatment in human small intestinal cells. These results suggest that PM2.5 EI may increase ferroptotic-cell death by iron accumulation and ROS generation, and offer a potential therapeutic clue for inflammatory bowel diseases in human small intestinal cells. [BMB Reports 2023; 56(2): 96-101].
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Affiliation(s)
- Minkyung Park
- Environmental Disease Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon 34141, Korea,Department of Functional Genomics, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon 34113, Korea
| | - Young-Lai Cho
- Environmental Disease Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Yumin Choi
- Environmental Disease Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon 34141, Korea,Department of Functional Genomics, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon 34113, Korea
| | | | - Young-Jun Park
- Environmental Disease Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon 34141, Korea,Department of Functional Genomics, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon 34113, Korea
| | - Sung-Jin Yoon
- Environmental Disease Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon 34141, Korea,Department of Functional Genomics, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon 34113, Korea
| | - Dae-Soo Kim
- Environmental Disease Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon 34141, Korea,Department of Functional Genomics, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon 34113, Korea
| | - Mi-Young Son
- Environmental Disease Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon 34141, Korea,Department of Functional Genomics, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon 34113, Korea
| | - Su Wol Chung
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Ulsan, Ulsan 44610, Korea
| | - Heedoo Lee
- Department of Biology and Chemistry, Changwon National University, Changwon 51140, Korea,Corresponding authors. Seon-Jin Lee, Tel: +82-42-879-8293; Fax: +82-42-879-8594; E-mail: ; Heedoo Lee, Tel: +82-55-213-3452; Fax: +82-55-213-3459; E-mail:
| | - Seon-Jin Lee
- Environmental Disease Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon 34141, Korea,Department of Functional Genomics, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon 34113, Korea,Corresponding authors. Seon-Jin Lee, Tel: +82-42-879-8293; Fax: +82-42-879-8594; E-mail: ; Heedoo Lee, Tel: +82-55-213-3452; Fax: +82-55-213-3459; E-mail:
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7
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Park M, Cho YL, Choi Y, Min JK, Park YJ, Yoon SJ, Kim DS, Son MY, Chung SW, Lee H, Lee SJ. Particulate matter induces ferroptosis by accumulating iron and dysregulating the antioxidant system. BMB Rep 2023; 56:96-101. [PMID: 36476270 PMCID: PMC9978363 DOI: 10.5483/bmbrep.2022-0139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Revised: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Particulate matter is an air pollutant composed of various components, and has adverse effects on the human body. Particulate matter is known to induce cell death by generating an imbalance in the antioxidant system; however, the underlying mechanism has not been elucidated. In the present study, we demonstrated the cytotoxic effects of the size and composition of particulate matter on small intestine cells. We found that particulate matter 2.5 (PM2.5) with extraction ion (EI) components (PM2.5 EI), is more cytotoxic than PM containing only polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Additionally, PM-induced cell death is characteristic of ferroptosis, and includes iron accumulation, lipid peroxidation, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. Furthermore, ferroptosis inhibitor as liproxstatin-1 and iron-chelator as deferiprone attenuated cell mortality, lipid peroxidation, iron accumulation, and ROS production after PM2.5 EI treatment in human small intestinal cells. These results suggest that PM2.5 EI may increase ferroptotic-cell death by iron accumulation and ROS generation, and offer a potential therapeutic clue for inflammatory bowel diseases in human small intestinal cells. [BMB Reports 2023; 56(2): 96-101].
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Affiliation(s)
- Minkyung Park
- Environmental Disease Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon 34141, Korea
- Department of Functional Genomics, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon 34113, Korea
| | - Young-Lai Cho
- Environmental Disease Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Yumin Choi
- Environmental Disease Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon 34141, Korea
- Department of Functional Genomics, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon 34113, Korea
| | | | - Young-Jun Park
- Environmental Disease Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon 34141, Korea
- Department of Functional Genomics, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon 34113, Korea
| | - Sung-Jin Yoon
- Environmental Disease Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon 34141, Korea
- Department of Functional Genomics, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon 34113, Korea
| | - Dae-Soo Kim
- Environmental Disease Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon 34141, Korea
- Department of Functional Genomics, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon 34113, Korea
| | - Mi-Young Son
- Environmental Disease Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon 34141, Korea
- Department of Functional Genomics, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon 34113, Korea
| | - Su Wol Chung
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Ulsan, Ulsan 44610, Korea
| | - Heedoo Lee
- Department of Biology and Chemistry, Changwon National University, Changwon 51140, Korea
| | - Seon-Jin Lee
- Environmental Disease Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon 34141, Korea
- Department of Functional Genomics, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon 34113, Korea
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8
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Lee MK, Kim HD, Lee SH, Lee JH. Curcumin Ameliorates Particulate Matter-Induced Pulmonary Injury through Bimodal Regulation of Macrophage Inflammation via NF-κB and Nrf2. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24031858. [PMID: 36768180 PMCID: PMC9915121 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24031858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The direct effects of particulate matter (PM) on lung injury and its specific molecular mechanisms are unclear. However, experimental evidence has shown that oxidative stress-mediated inflammation in macrophages is the main pathological outcome of PM exposure. Curcumin has been reported to protect organs against the disturbance of homeostasis caused by various toxic agents through anti-inflammatory and antioxidative effects. However, the protective action of curcumin against PM-induced pulmonary inflammation and the underlying mechanism have not been thoroughly investigated. In this study, we established a PM-induced pulmonary inflammation mouse model using the intratracheal instillation method to investigate the protective ability of curcumin against PM-induced pulmonary inflammation. Compared to the mice treated with PM only, the curcumin-treated mice showed alleviated alveolar damage, decreased immune cell infiltration, and reduced proinflammatory cytokine production in both lung tissue and BALF. To evaluate the underlying mechanism, the mouse macrophage cell line RAW264.7 was used. Pretreatment with curcumin prevented the production of PM-induced proinflammatory cytokines by deactivating NF-κB through the suppression of MAPK signaling pathways. Furthermore, curcumin appears to attenuate PM-induced oxidative stress through the activation of Nrf2 and downstream antioxidant signaling. Our findings demonstrate that curcumin protects against PM-induced lung injury by suppressing oxidative stress and inflammatory activation in macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Kook Lee
- Department of Food and Biotechnology, Korea University, Sejong 30019, Republic of Korea
- BK21 FOUR Research Group for Omics-Based Bio-Health in Food Industry, Korea University, Sejong 30019, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo Dam Kim
- Department of Food and Biotechnology, Korea University, Sejong 30019, Republic of Korea
- BK21 FOUR Research Group for Omics-Based Bio-Health in Food Industry, Korea University, Sejong 30019, Republic of Korea
| | - Suk Hee Lee
- Department of Food and Biotechnology, Korea University, Sejong 30019, Republic of Korea
- BK21 FOUR Research Group for Omics-Based Bio-Health in Food Industry, Korea University, Sejong 30019, Republic of Korea
- Biological Clock-Based Anti-Aging Convergence RLRC, Korea University, Sejong 30019, Republic of Korea
- Correspondence: (S.H.L.); (J.H.L.); Tel.: +82-044-860-1764 (J.H.L.)
| | - Jin Hyup Lee
- Department of Food and Biotechnology, Korea University, Sejong 30019, Republic of Korea
- BK21 FOUR Research Group for Omics-Based Bio-Health in Food Industry, Korea University, Sejong 30019, Republic of Korea
- Biological Clock-Based Anti-Aging Convergence RLRC, Korea University, Sejong 30019, Republic of Korea
- Correspondence: (S.H.L.); (J.H.L.); Tel.: +82-044-860-1764 (J.H.L.)
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9
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Li T, Yu Y, Sun Z, Duan J. A comprehensive understanding of ambient particulate matter and its components on the adverse health effects based from epidemiological and laboratory evidence. Part Fibre Toxicol 2022; 19:67. [PMID: 36447278 PMCID: PMC9707232 DOI: 10.1186/s12989-022-00507-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The impacts of air pollution on public health have become a great concern worldwide. Ambient particulate matter (PM) is a major air pollution that comprises a heterogeneous mixture of different particle sizes and chemical components. The chemical composition and physicochemical properties of PM change with space and time, which may cause different impairments. However, the mechanisms of the adverse effects of PM on various systems have not been fully elucidated and systematically integrated. The Adverse Outcome Pathway (AOP) framework was used to comprehensively illustrate the molecular mechanism of adverse effects of PM and its components, so as to clarify the causal mechanistic relationships of PM-triggered toxicity on various systems. The main conclusions and new insights of the correlation between public health and PM were discussed, especially at low concentrations, which points out the direction for further research in the future. With the deepening of the study on its toxicity mechanism, it was found that PM can still induce adverse health effects with low-dose exposure. And the recommended Air Quality Guideline level of PM2.5 was adjusted to 5 μg/m3 by World Health Organization, which meant that deeper and more complex mechanisms needed to be explored. Traditionally, oxidative stress, inflammation, autophagy and apoptosis were considered the main mechanisms of harmful effects of PM. However, recent studies have identified several emerging mechanisms involved in the toxicity of PM, including pyroptosis, ferroptosis and epigenetic modifications. This review summarized the comprehensive evidence on the health effects of PM and the chemical components of it, as well as the combined toxicity of PM with other air pollutants. Based on the AOP Wiki and the mechanisms of PM-induced toxicity at different levels, we first constructed the PM-related AOP frameworks on various systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianyu Li
- grid.24696.3f0000 0004 0369 153XDepartment of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069 People’s Republic of China ,grid.24696.3f0000 0004 0369 153XBeijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069 People’s Republic of China
| | - Yang Yu
- grid.24696.3f0000 0004 0369 153XDepartment of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069 People’s Republic of China ,grid.24696.3f0000 0004 0369 153XBeijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069 People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhiwei Sun
- grid.24696.3f0000 0004 0369 153XDepartment of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069 People’s Republic of China ,grid.24696.3f0000 0004 0369 153XBeijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069 People’s Republic of China
| | - Junchao Duan
- grid.24696.3f0000 0004 0369 153XDepartment of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069 People’s Republic of China ,grid.24696.3f0000 0004 0369 153XBeijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069 People’s Republic of China
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10
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Kumar S, Singh R, Dutta D, Chandel S, Bhattacharya A, Ravichandiran V, Sukla S. In Vitro Anticancer Activity of Methanolic Extract of Justicia adhatoda Leaves with Special Emphasis on Human Breast Cancer Cell Line. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27238222. [PMID: 36500313 PMCID: PMC9737760 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27238222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Revised: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Natural products are being targeted as alternative anticancer agents due to their non-toxic and safe nature. The present study was conducted to explore the in vitro anticancer potential of Justicia adhatoda (J. adhatoda) leaf extract. The methanolic leaf extract was prepared, and the phytochemicals and antioxidant potential were determined by LCMS analysis and DPPH radical scavenging assay, respectively. A docking study performed with five major alkaloidal phytoconstituents showed that they had a good binding affinity towards the active site of NF-κB. Cell viability assay was carried out in five different cell lines, and the extract exhibited the highest cytotoxicity in MCF-7, a breast cancer cell line. Extract-treated cells showed a significant increase in nitric oxide and reactive oxygen species production. Cell cycle analysis showed an arrest in cell growth at the Sub-G0 phase. The extract successfully inhibited cell migration and colony formation and altered mitochondrial membrane potential. The activities of superoxide dismutase and glutathione were also found to decrease in a dose-dependent manner. The percentage of apoptotic cells was found to increase in a dose-dependent manner in MCF-7 cells. The expressions of caspase-3, Bax, and cleaved-PARP were increased in extract-treated cells. An increase in the expression of NF-κB was found in the cytoplasm in extract-treated cells. J. adhatoda leaf extract showed a potential anticancer effect in MCF-7 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonu Kumar
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, 168, Maniktala Main Road, Kolkata 700054, India
| | - Rajveer Singh
- Department of Natural Products, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, 168, Maniktala Main Road, Kolkata 700054, India
| | - Debrupa Dutta
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, 168, Maniktala Main Road, Kolkata 700054, India
| | - Shivani Chandel
- Department of Natural Products, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, 168, Maniktala Main Road, Kolkata 700054, India
| | - Arka Bhattacharya
- Department of Natural Products, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, 168, Maniktala Main Road, Kolkata 700054, India
| | - Velayutham Ravichandiran
- Department of Natural Products, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, 168, Maniktala Main Road, Kolkata 700054, India
- Correspondence: (V.R.); (S.S.); Tel.: +91-8697-508870 (S.S.)
| | - Soumi Sukla
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, 168, Maniktala Main Road, Kolkata 700054, India
- Correspondence: (V.R.); (S.S.); Tel.: +91-8697-508870 (S.S.)
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11
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Oxidative Stress, Cytotoxic and Inflammatory Effects of Urban Ultrafine Road-Deposited Dust from the UK and Mexico in Human Epithelial Lung (Calu-3) Cells. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11091814. [PMID: 36139888 PMCID: PMC9495992 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11091814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2022] [Revised: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Road-deposited dust (RD) is a pervasive form of particulate pollution identified (typically via epidemiological or mathematical modelling) as hazardous to human health. Finer RD particle sizes, the most abundant (by number, not mass), may pose greater risk as they can access all major organs. Here, the first in vitro exposure of human lung epithelial (Calu-3) cells to 0−300 µg/mL of the ultrafine (<220 nm) fraction of road dust (UF-RDPs) from three contrasting cities (Lancaster and Birmingham, UK, and Mexico City, Mexico) resulted in differential oxidative, cytotoxic, and inflammatory responses. Except for Cd, Na, and Pb, analysed metals were most abundant in Mexico City UF-RDPs, which were most cytotoxic. Birmingham UF-RDPs provoked greatest ROS release (only at 300 µg/mL) and greatest increase in pro-inflammatory cytokine release. Lancaster UF-RDPs increased cell viability. All three UF-RDP samples stimulated ROS production and pro-inflammatory cytokine release. Mass-based PM limits seem inappropriate given the location-specific PM compositions and health impacts evidenced here. A combination of new, biologically relevant metrics and localised regulations appears critical to mitigating the global pandemic of health impacts of particulate air pollution and road-deposited dust.
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Misiukiewicz-Stępien P, Mierzejewski M, Zajusz-Zubek E, Goryca K, Adamska D, Szeląg M, Krenke R, Paplińska-Goryca M. RNA-Seq Analysis of UPM-Exposed Epithelium Co-Cultivated with Macrophages and Dendritic Cells in Obstructive Lung Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23169125. [PMID: 36012391 PMCID: PMC9408857 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23169125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Revised: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background. Elevated concentrations of airborne pollutants are correlated with an enlarged rate of obstructive lung disease morbidity as well as acute disease exacerbations. This study aimed to analyze the epithelium mRNA profile in response to airborne particulate matter in the control, asthma, and COPD groups. Results. A triple co-culture of nasal epithelium, monocyte-derived macrophages, and monocyte-derived dendritic cells obtained from the controls, asthma, and COPD were exposed to urban particulate matter (UPM) for 24 h. RNA-Seq analysis found differences in seven (CYP1B1, CYP1B1-AS1, NCF1, ME1, LINC02029, BPIFA2, EEF1A2), five (CYP1B1, ARC, ENPEP, RASD1, CYP1B1-AS1), and six (CYP1B1, CYP1B1-AS1, IRF4, ATP1B2, TIPARP, CCL22) differentially expressed genes between UPM exposed and unexposed triple co-cultured epithelium in the control, asthma, and COPD groups, respectively. PCR analysis showed that mRNA expression of BPIFA2 and ENPEP was upregulated in both asthma and COPD, while the expression of CYP1B1-AS1 and TIPARP was increased in the epithelium from COPD patients only. Biological processes changed in UPM exposed triple co-cultured epithelium were associated with epidermis development and epidermal cell differentiation in asthma and with response to toxic substances in COPD. Conclusions. The biochemical processes associated with pathophysiology of asthma and COPD impairs the airway epithelial response to UPM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulina Misiukiewicz-Stępien
- Department of Internal Medicine, Pulmonary Diseases and Allergy, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland
- Postgraduate School of Molecular Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Michał Mierzejewski
- Department of Internal Medicine, Pulmonary Diseases and Allergy, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Elwira Zajusz-Zubek
- Department of Air Protection, Faculty of Energy and Environmental Engineering, Silesian University of Technology, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Goryca
- Genomic Core Facility, Centre of New Technologies, University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Dorota Adamska
- Genomic Core Facility, Centre of New Technologies, University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Michał Szeląg
- Genomic Core Facility, Centre of New Technologies, University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Rafał Krenke
- Department of Internal Medicine, Pulmonary Diseases and Allergy, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Magdalena Paplińska-Goryca
- Department of Internal Medicine, Pulmonary Diseases and Allergy, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-22-599-12-41; Fax: +48-22-599-15-61
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Chen SS, Wang TQ, Song WC, Tang ZJ, Cao ZM, Chen HJ, Lian Y, Hu X, Zheng WJ, Lian HZ. A novel particulate matter sampling and cell exposure strategy based on agar membrane for cytotoxicity study. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 300:134473. [PMID: 35367490 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.134473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 03/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Laboratories use different strategies to sample and extract atmospheric particulate matter (PM), some of which can be very complicated. Due to the absence of a standard protocol, it is difficult to compare the results of PM toxicity assessment across different laboratories. Here, we proposed a novel PM sampling and cell exposure strategy based on agar membrane. The agar membrane, prepared by a simple freeze-drying method, has a relatively flat surface and porous interior. We demonstrated that the agar membrane was a reliable substitute material for PM sampling. Then the PM on the agar membranes was directly extracted with the culture medium by vortex method, and the PM on the polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) filters was extracted with water by the traditional ultrasonic method for comparison. The extraction efficiency was evaluated and in vitro cytotoxicity assays were carried out to investigate the toxic effects of PM extracted with two strategies on macrophage cells. The results showed that the PM extracted from agar membranes induced higher cytotoxicity and more differentially expressed proteins. Overall, the novel PM sampling-cell exposure strategy based on the agar membrane is easy to operate, biocompatible and comparable, and has low disturbance, could be an alternative sampling and extraction method for PM toxicity assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si-Si Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering and Center of Materials Analysis, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Tian-Qi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering and Center of Materials Analysis, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Wan-Chen Song
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Zhi-Jie Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering and Center of Materials Analysis, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Zhao-Ming Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering and Center of Materials Analysis, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Hong-Juan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Yi Lian
- Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Occupational Health, McGill University, QC, H3A 1A2, Canada
| | - Xin Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering and Center of Materials Analysis, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Wei-Juan Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Hong-Zhen Lian
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering and Center of Materials Analysis, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China.
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14
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Wu X, Cao X, Lintelmann J, Peters A, Koenig W, Zimmermann R, Schneider A, Wolf K. Assessment of the association of exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, oxidative stress, and inflammation: A cross-sectional study in Augsburg, Germany. Int J Hyg Environ Health 2022; 244:113993. [PMID: 35777219 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2022.113993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2022] [Revised: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/05/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) has been linked to acute and chronic health effects through the suggested pathways of oxidative stress and inflammation. However, evidence is still limited. We aimed to investigate jointly the relationship of PAHs, oxidative stress, and inflammation. METHODS We measured 13 biomarkers of PAH exposure (n = 6: hydroxylated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, [OH-PAHs]), oxidative stress (n = 6: malondialdehyde (MDA); 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG); and 4 representatives of the compound class of F2α-isoprostanes) in urine, and inflammation (n = 1: high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, [hs-CRP]) in serum from 400 participants at the second follow-up (2013/2014) of the German KORA survey S4. Multiple linear regression models were applied to investigate the interplay between biomarkers. RESULTS Concentrations of biomarkers varied according to sex, age, smoking status, season, and a history of obesity, diabetes, or chronic kidney disease. All OH-PAHs were significantly and positively associated with oxidative stress biomarkers. An interquartile range (IQR) increase in sum OH-PAHs was associated with a 13.3% (95% CI: 9.9%, 16.9%) increase in MDA, a 6.5% (95% CI: 3.5%, 9.6%) increase in 8-OHdG, and an 8.4% (95% CI: 6.6%, 11.3%) increase in sum F2α-isoprostanes. Associations were more pronounced between OH-PAHs and F2α-isoprostanes but also between OH-PAHs and 8-OHdG for participants with potential underlying systemic inflammation (hs-CRP ≥ 3 mg/L). We observed no association between OH-PAHs and hs-CRP levels. While 8-OHdG was significantly positively associated with hs-CRP (13.7% [95% CI: 2.2%, 26.5%] per IQR increase in 8-OHdG), F2α-isoprostanes and MDA indicated only a positive or null association, respectively. CONCLUSION The results of this cross-sectional study suggest, at a population level, that exposure to PAHs is associated with oxidative stress even in a low exposure setting. Oxidative stress markers, but not PAHs, were associated with inflammation. Individual risk factors were important contributors to these processes and should be considered in future studies. Further longitudinal studies are necessary to investigate the causal chain of the associations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Wu
- Division of Analytical and Technical Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany; Cooperation Group of Comprehensive Molecular Analytics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Xin Cao
- Division of Analytical and Technical Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany; Cooperation Group of Comprehensive Molecular Analytics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Jutta Lintelmann
- Metabolomics and Proteomics Core, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Annette Peters
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research, Munich, Germany; Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry and Epidemiology, Medical Faculty, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Koenig
- German Heart Centre Munich, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany; DZHK, German Centre for Cardiovascular Research, Partner Site Munich, Munich, Germany; Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Ralf Zimmermann
- Division of Analytical and Technical Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany; Cooperation Group of Comprehensive Molecular Analytics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | | | - Kathrin Wolf
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany.
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15
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Naidu ST, Ferreira RM, Oliveira TDQ, Gondim FDL, Serra DS, Cavalcante FSÁ. Respiratory effects caused by exposure to diesel exhaust particles during moderate exercise: a murine model. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2022; 132:1536-1545. [PMID: 35446598 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00115.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Aerobic exercise is an increasing trend worldwide. However, people are increasingly exercising outdoors, alongside roadways where heavy vehicles release diesel exhaust. We analyzed respiratory effects caused by inhaled diesel particulate emitted by vehicles adhering to Brazilian legislation, PROCONVE Phase P7 (equivalent to EURO 5), as well the effects of exposure during moderate-intensity aerobic exercise. Male C57BL/6 mice were divided into four groups for a 4-wk treadmill protocol: CE (n = 8) received intranasal sterile physiological saline and then performed moderate-intensity exercise (control), CS (n = 10) received saline and then remained stationary on the treadmill (control), DS (n = 9) received intranasal diesel exhaust particles and then remained stationary, and DE (n = 10) was exposed to diesel exhaust and then exercised at moderate intensity. Mice were subsequently connected to a mechanical ventilator (SCIREQ flexiVent, Canada) to analyze the following respiratory mechanics parameters: tissue resistance, elastance, inspiratory capacity, static compliance, Newtonian resistance, and pressure-volume loop area. After euthanasia, peripheral pulmonary tissue strips were extracted and subjected to force-length tests to evaluate parenchymal elastic and mechanical properties, using oscillations applied by a computer-controlled force transducer system; parameters obtained were tissue resistance, elastance, and hysteresivity. DS displayed impaired respiratory mechanics for all parameters, in comparison with CS. DE exhibited significantly reduced inspiratory capacity and static compliance, and increased Newtonian resistance when compared with CE. Exposure to diesel exhaust, both during exercise and rest, still exerts harmful pulmonary effects, even at current legislation limits. These results justify further changes in environmental standards, to reduce the health risks caused by traffic-related pollution.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Exercise, while beneficial, is often performed in areas of greater inhaled particulates. Here we show this effect using mice exposed to controlled diesel particle inhalation and moderate aerobic exercise. Diesel particle inhalation, without or with exercise, worsened both respiratory mechanical properties associated with changes in lung tissue mechanics and morphometry.
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16
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Upadhyay S, Chakraborty A, Thimraj TA, Baldi M, Steneholm A, Ganguly K, Gerde P, Ernstgård L, Palmberg L. Establishment of Repeated In Vitro Exposure System for Evaluating Pulmonary Toxicity of Representative Criteria Air Pollutants Using Advanced Bronchial Mucosa Models. TOXICS 2022; 10:toxics10060277. [PMID: 35736886 PMCID: PMC9228979 DOI: 10.3390/toxics10060277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Revised: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
There is mounting evidence that shows the association between chronic exposure to air pollutants (particulate matter and gaseous) and onset of various respiratory impairments. However, the corresponding toxicological mechanisms of mixed exposure are poorly understood. Therefore, in this study, we aimed to establish a repeated exposure setting for evaluating the pulmonary toxicological effects of diesel exhaust particles (DEP), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), and sulfur dioxide (SO2) as representative criterial air pollutants. Single, combined (DEP with NO2 and SO2), and repeated exposures were performed using physiologically relevant human bronchial mucosa models developed at the air−liquid interface (bro-ALI). The bro-ALI models were generated using human primary bronchial epithelial cells (3−4 donors; 2 replicates per donor). The exposure regime included the following: 1. DEP (12.5 µg/cm2; 3 min/day, 3 days); 2. low gaseous (NO2: 0.1 ppm + SO2: 0.2 ppm); (30 min/day, 3 days); 3. high gaseous (NO2: 0.2 ppm + SO2: 0.4 ppm) (30 min/day, 3 days); and 4. single combined (DEP + low gaseous for 1 day). The markers for pro-inflammatory (IL8, IL6, NFKB, TNF), oxidative stress (HMOX1, GSTA1, SOD3,) and tissue injury/repair (MMP9, TIMP1) responses were assessed at transcriptional and/ or secreted protein levels following exposure. The corresponding sham-exposed samples under identical conditions served as the control. A non-parametric statistical analysis was performed and p < 0.05 was considered as significant. Repeated exposure to DEP and single combined (DEP + low gaseous) exposure showed significant alteration in the pro-inflammatory, oxidative stress and tissue injury responses compared to repeated exposures to gaseous air pollutants. The study demonstrates that it is feasible to predict the long-term effects of air pollutants using the above explained exposure system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swapna Upadhyay
- Unit of Integrative Toxicology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden; (A.C.); (T.A.T.); (M.B.); (K.G.); (P.G.); (L.E.)
- Correspondence: (S.U.); (L.P.); Tel.:+46-85-2487930 (S.U.); +46-8-524-822-10 (L.P.)
| | - Ashesh Chakraborty
- Unit of Integrative Toxicology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden; (A.C.); (T.A.T.); (M.B.); (K.G.); (P.G.); (L.E.)
| | - Tania A. Thimraj
- Unit of Integrative Toxicology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden; (A.C.); (T.A.T.); (M.B.); (K.G.); (P.G.); (L.E.)
| | - Marialuisa Baldi
- Unit of Integrative Toxicology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden; (A.C.); (T.A.T.); (M.B.); (K.G.); (P.G.); (L.E.)
| | | | - Koustav Ganguly
- Unit of Integrative Toxicology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden; (A.C.); (T.A.T.); (M.B.); (K.G.); (P.G.); (L.E.)
| | - Per Gerde
- Unit of Integrative Toxicology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden; (A.C.); (T.A.T.); (M.B.); (K.G.); (P.G.); (L.E.)
| | - Lena Ernstgård
- Unit of Integrative Toxicology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden; (A.C.); (T.A.T.); (M.B.); (K.G.); (P.G.); (L.E.)
| | - Lena Palmberg
- Unit of Integrative Toxicology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden; (A.C.); (T.A.T.); (M.B.); (K.G.); (P.G.); (L.E.)
- Correspondence: (S.U.); (L.P.); Tel.:+46-85-2487930 (S.U.); +46-8-524-822-10 (L.P.)
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17
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Ageing Significantly Alters the Physicochemical Properties and Associated Cytotoxicity Profiles of Ultrafine Particulate Matters towards Macrophages. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11040754. [PMID: 35453439 PMCID: PMC9030427 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11040754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Revised: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
There are still significant concerns about the detrimental effects and health risks of particulate matters (PMs) on the respiratory system. Notably, a largely overlooked knowledge gap is whether the environmental ageing process would change the physicochemical properties of PMs as well as the toxic influences of PMs on macrophages. Here, we applied ambient treatment of model PMs to mimic the real O3-induced ageing process and investigated ageing-determined cytotoxicity profile changes of PMs towards macrophages. The consequent distinct bioreactivity and toxicity towards macrophages are largely attributed to the changes of species of surface O-functional groups. Importantly, we unveiled the specific interactions between aged PMs and macrophages due to the variant contents of the surface carboxyl group, resulting in the divergent inflammatory activations and immune balance in the lung. Collectively, this study unearths the significance of ageing in altering particle cytotoxicity, and also provides additional understandings for consecutive investigations on the adverse effects of air pollution on the respiratory system.
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18
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Cano-Granda DV, Ramírez-Ramírez M, M. Gómez D, Hernandez JC. Effects of particulate matter on endothelial, epithelial and immune system cells. BIONATURA 2022. [DOI: 10.21931/rb/2022.07.01.4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Particulate Matter (PM) is an air pollutant that is classified according to its aerodynamic diameter into particles with a diameter of less than 10 µm (PM10), a diameter of less than 2.5 µm (PM2.5), and particles ultra-fine with a diameter less than 0.1 µm (PM0.1). PM10 is housed in the respiratory system, while PM2.5 and 0.1 can pass into the circulation to generate systemic alterations. Although several diseases associated with PM exposure, such as respiratory, cardiovascular, and central nervous system, have been documented to cause 4.2 million premature deaths per year worldwide. Few reviews address cellular and molecular mechanisms in the epithelial and endothelial cells of the tissues exposed to PM, which can cause these diseases, this being the objective of the present review. For this, a search was carried out in the NCBI and Google Scholar databases focused on scientific publications that addressed the expression of pro-inflammatory molecules, adhesion molecules, and oxidative radicals, among others, and their relationship with the effects caused by the PM. The main findings include the increase in pro-inflammatory cytokines and dysfunction in the components of the immune response; the formation of reactive oxygen species; changes in epithelial and endothelial function, evidenced by altered expression of adhesion molecules; and the increase in molecules involved in coagulation. Complementary studies are required to understand the molecular effects of harmful health effects and the future approach to strategies to mitigate this response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danna V. Cano-Granda
- Grupo Inmunovirología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia UdeA, Medellín, Colombia 2 Infettare, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia. Medellín, Colombia
| | - Mariana Ramírez-Ramírez
- Grupo Inmunovirología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia UdeA, Medellín, Colombia 2 Infettare, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia. Medellín, Colombia
| | - Diana M. Gómez
- Infettare, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia. Medellín, Colombia
| | - Juan C. Hernandez
- Infettare, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia. Medellín, Colombia
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Contribution of Physical and Chemical Properties to Dithiothreitol-Measured Oxidative Potentials of Atmospheric Aerosol Particles at Urban and Rural Sites in Japan. ATMOSPHERE 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/atmos13020319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Dithiothreitol-measured oxidative potential (OPDTT) can chemically quantify the adverse health effects of atmospheric aerosols. Some chemical species are characterized with DTT activities, and the particle diameter and surface area control DTT oxidizability; however, the physical contribution to OPDTT by atmospheric aerosols is controversial. Therefore, we performed field observations and aerosol sampling at urban and rural sites in Japan to investigate the effect of both physical and chemical properties on the variation in OPDTT of atmospheric aerosols. The shifting degree of the representative diameter to the ultrafine range (i.e., the predominance degree of ultrafine particles) was retrieved from the ratio between the lung-deposited surface area and mass concentrations. The chemical components and OPDTT were also elucidated. We discerned strong positive correlations of K, Mn, Pb, NH4+, SO42−, and pyrolyzable organic carbon with OPDTT. Hence, anthropogenic combustion, the iron–steel industry, and secondary organic aerosols were the major emission sources governing OPDTT variations. The increased specific surface area did not lead to the increase in the OPDTT of atmospheric aerosols, despite the existing relevance of the surface area of water-insoluble particles to DTT oxidizability. Overall, the OPDTT of atmospheric aerosols can be estimated by the mass of chemical components related to OPDTT variation, owing to numerous factors controlling DTT oxidizability (e.g., strong contribution of water-soluble particles). Our findings can be used to estimate OPDTT via several physicochemical parameters without its direct measurement.
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Zhu Z, Chen Z, Sakurai T, Chiba H, Hui SP. Adverse Effects of Chrysene on Human Hepatocytes via Inducement of Oxidative Stress and Dysregulation of Xenobiotic Metabolism. Polycycl Aromat Compd 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/10406638.2021.2023200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zijian Zhu
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Zhen Chen
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | | | - Hitoshi Chiba
- Department of Nutrition, Sapporo University of Health Sciences, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Shu-Ping Hui
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
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21
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Abdo M, Kanyomse E, Alirigia R, Coffey ER, Piedrahita R, Diaz-Sanchez D, Hagar Y, Naumenko DJ, Wiedinmyer C, Hannigan MP, Oduro AR, Dickinson KL. Health impacts of a randomized biomass cookstove intervention in northern Ghana. BMC Public Health 2021; 21:2211. [PMID: 34863138 PMCID: PMC8642932 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-021-12164-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Household air pollution (HAP) from cooking with solid fuels has adverse health effects. REACCTING (Research on Emissions, Air quality, Climate, and Cooking Technologies in Northern Ghana) was a randomized cookstove intervention study that aimed to determine the effects of two types of "improved" biomass cookstoves on health using self-reported health symptoms and biomarkers of systemic inflammation from dried blood spots for female adult cooks and children, and anthropometric growth measures for children only. METHODS Two hundred rural households were randomized into four different cookstove groups. Surveys and health measurements were conducted at four time points over a two-year period. Chi-square tests were conducted to determine differences in self-reported health outcomes. Linear mixed models were used to assess the effect of the stoves on inflammation biomarkers in adults and children, and to assess the z-score deviance for the anthropometric data for children. RESULTS We find some evidence that two biomarkers of oxidative stress and inflammation, serum amyloid A and C-reactive protein, decreased among adult primary cooks in the intervention groups relative to the control group. We do not find detectable impacts for any of the anthropometry variables or self-reported health. CONCLUSIONS Overall, we conclude that the REACCTING intervention did not substantially improve the health outcomes examined here, likely due to continued use of traditional stoves, lack of evidence of particulate matter emissions reductions from "improved" stoves, and mixed results for HAP exposure reductions. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRY ClinicalTrials.gov (National Institutes of Health); Trial Registration Number: NCT04633135 ; Date of Registration: 11 November 2020 - Retrospectively registered. URL: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04633135?term=NCT04633135&draw=2&rank=1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona Abdo
- Colorado School of Public Health, Aurora, USA
| | | | - Rex Alirigia
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, USA
| | - Evan R. Coffey
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, USA
| | | | - David Diaz-Sanchez
- Environmental Protection Agency Human Studies Facility, Chapel Hill, USA
| | - Yolanda Hagar
- Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, USA
| | - Daniel J. Naumenko
- Department of Anthropology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, USA
- Institute of Behavioral Science, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, USA
| | - Christine Wiedinmyer
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, USA
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, USA
| | - Michael P. Hannigan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, USA
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22
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Yao H, Zhao J, Zhu L, Xie Y, Zhao N, Yao R, Sun H, Han G. Protective effect of the effective part of Andrographis paniculata (Burm.f.) Nees on PM 2.5-induced lung injury in rats by modulating the NF-κB pathway. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 280:114420. [PMID: 34271116 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 07/04/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Andrographis paniculata (Burm.f.) Nees, a traditional Chinese herb, has been widely used in various Asian countries as a treatment for upper respiratory tract infections for centuries. AIM OF THE STUDY Continuous inhalation of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) may induce various respiratory diseases. This study elucidated the protective effect of the effective part of Andrographis paniculata (Burm.f.) Nees (AEP) against PM2.5-induced lung injury and detailed the underlying mechanism. MATERIALS AND METHODS Male Wistar rats were orally administered 0.5% sodium carboxymethylcellulose (CMC-Na), andrographolide (AG) (200 mg/kg) and AEP (100 mg/kg, 200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg) once a day for 28 days. The rats were intratracheally instilled with PM2.5 suspension (8 mg/kg) every other day beginning on the 24th day for a total of 3 times. On the 29th day, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) was collected to analyze the levels of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), acid phosphatase (ACP), alkaline phosphatase (AKP), total proteins (TP), tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6). Hematoxylin & eosin staining was conducted to evaluate the pathological changes in the lung tissues. The protein expression of NF-κB p65 in the lung tissues was analyzed by immunohistochemistry staining. Moreover, the nuclear translocation of NF-κB p65 and the phosphorylation of IκBα were analyzed by western blotting. RESULTS PM2.5 exposure caused lung toxicity, which was characterized by pathological injury and increased levels of LDH, ACP, AKP and TP in BALF. Meanwhile, PM2.5 exposure induced lung inflammatory response, including infiltration of inflammatory cells and increased levels of inflammatory factors, such as TNF-α and IL-6 in BALF. AEP treatment significantly ameliorated the PM2.5-induced lung toxicity and the inflammatory response in rats. Moreover, AEP significantly inhibited the PM2.5-induced upregulation of NF-κB p65 protein expression, phosphorylation of IκBα and nuclear translocation of NF-κB p65 in lung tissue. Compared to AG, AEP exhibited a better ability to alleviate PM2.5-induced pathological damage and decrease the TP level in the BALF. CONCLUSION AEP could be used to improve PM2.5-induced lung injury by modulating the NF-κB pathway, and multicomponent therapy with traditional Chinese medicine may be more effective than single-drug therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hailu Yao
- Institute of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475000, China.
| | - Junli Zhao
- Institute of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475000, China.
| | - Lingjia Zhu
- Henan Provincial Institute of Food and Drug Control, Zhengzhou, 450008, China.
| | - Yudan Xie
- Institute of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475000, China.
| | - Nana Zhao
- Institute of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475000, China.
| | - Ruiqi Yao
- Institute of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475000, China.
| | - Huan Sun
- Institute of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475000, China.
| | - Guang Han
- Institute of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475000, China.
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23
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Kermani M, Rahmatinia T, Oskoei V, Norzaee S, Shahsavani A, Farzadkia M, Kazemi MH. Potential cytotoxicity of trace elements and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons bounded to particulate matter: a review on in vitro studies on human lung epithelial cells. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:55888-55904. [PMID: 34490568 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-16306-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
A large number of studies have been conducted for clarifying toxicological mechanisms of particulate matter (PM) aimed to investigate the physicochemical properties of PM and providing biological endpoints such as inflammation, perturbation of cell cycle, oxidative stress, or DNA damage. However, although several studies have presented some effects, there is still no consensus on the determinants of biological responses. This review attempts to summarize all past research conducted in recent years on the physicochemical properties of environmental PM in different places and the relationship between different PM components and PM potential cytotoxicity on the human lung epithelial cells. Among 447 papers with our initial principles, a total of 50 articles were selected from 1986 to April 2020 based on the chosen criteria for review. According to the results of selected studies, it is obvious that cytotoxicity in human lung epithelial cells is created both directly or indirectly by transition metals (such as Cu, Cr, Fe, Zn), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH), and ions that formed on the surface of particles. In the selected studies, the findings of the correlation analysis indicate that there is a significant relationship between cell viability reduction and secretion of inflammatory mediators. As a result, it seems that the observed biological responses are related to the composition and the physicochemical properties of the PMs. Therefore, the physicochemical properties of PM should be considered when explaining PM cytotoxicity, and long-term research data will lead to improved strategies to reduce air pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Majid Kermani
- Research Center for Environmental Health Technology, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Tahere Rahmatinia
- Research Center for Environmental Health Technology, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Vahide Oskoei
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Samira Norzaee
- Research Center for Environmental Health Technology, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Abbas Shahsavani
- Air Quality and Climate Change Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health and Safety, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahdi Farzadkia
- Research Center for Environmental Health Technology, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hossein Kazemi
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Immunology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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24
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Han R, Yu C, Tang X, Yu S, Song M, Shen F, Fu P, Hu W, Du L, Wang X, Herrmann H, Wu Y. Release of inhalable particles and viable microbes to the air during packaging peeling: Emission profiles and mechanisms. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 285:117338. [PMID: 34051562 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.117338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Revised: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Packaging is necessary for preserving and delivering products and has significant impacts on human health and the environment. Particle matter (PM) may be released from packages and transferred to the air during a typical peeling process, but little is known about this package-to-air migration route of particles. Here, we investigated the emission profiles of total and biological particles, and the horizontal and vertical dispersion abilities and community structure of viable microbes released from packaging to the air by peeling. The results revealed that a lot of inhalable particles and viable microbes were released from package to the air in different migration directions, and this migration can be regulated by several factors including package material, effective peeling area, peeling speed and angles, as well as the characteristics of the migrant itself. Dispersal of package-borne viable microbes provides direct evidence that viable microbes, including pathogens, can survive the aerosolization caused by peeling and be transferred to air over different distances while remaining alive. Based on the experimental data and visual proof in movies, we speculate that nonbiological particles are package fibers fractured and released to air by the external peeling force exerted on the package and that microbe dispersal is attributed to surface-borne microbe suspension by vibration caused by the peeling force. This investigation provides new information that aerosolized particles can deliver package-borne substances and viable microbes from packaging to the ambient environment, motivating further studies to characterize the health effects of such aerosolized particles and the geographic migration of microbes via packaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruining Han
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Chenglin Yu
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Xuening Tang
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Song Yu
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Min Song
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Fangxia Shen
- School of Space and Environment, Beihang University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Pingqing Fu
- Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Wei Hu
- Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Lin Du
- Environmental Research Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Xinfeng Wang
- Environmental Research Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Hartmut Herrmann
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China; Atmospheric Chemistry Department (ACD), Leibniz Institute for Tropospheric Research, 04318, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Yan Wu
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China.
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Cai L, Yang J, Cosky E, Xin R, Geng X, Ding Y. Enhanced Cerebral Microbleeds by Long-Term Air Pollution Exposure in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats. Neurol Res 2021; 44:196-205. [PMID: 34461819 DOI: 10.1080/01616412.2021.1968705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cerebral microbleeds (CMBs) are associated with a high risk for stroke . The present study determined whether long-term exposure to PM2.5 results in progressive worsening of CMBs and induction of systemic inflammation and microvascular oxidative stress. METHODS Sixteen male Spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and eight Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rats were exposed to either filtered air or PM2.5 for 12 months. To detect CMBs, rats were imaged using a 7-T MRI. To determine systemic inflammation and oxidative stress, interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), as well as reactive oxygen species (ROS), NADPH activity and its subunits p22/47/67phox & gp91phox were measured. RESULTS During the exposure period, the mean daily concentration of PM2.5 was 59.2 ± 1.0 μg/m3. PM2.5 exposure significantly increased the incidence of CMBs compared to the PM2.5 (-) group (37.5% vs 12.5% incidence rate, p < 0.001). Animals exposed to PM2.5 also had significantly increased systolic blood pressures (SBPs) at 3 months (173 ± 5 vs 157 ± 5 mmHg, p < 0.05), 6 months (218 ± 6 vs 193 ± 7 mmHg, p < 0.01), 9 months (222 ± 6 vs 203 ± 8 mmHg, p < 0.05), and 12 months (231 ± 4 vs 207 ± 5 mmHg, p = 0.01). Additionally, there were significant elevations in IL-6, MCP-1, and TNF-α in the exposed group. Furthermore, PM2.5 significantly increased NOX activity and protein levels of gp91phox and p22/47/67phox. CONCLUSION In the SHR model, long-term exposure to PM2.5 worsened CMBs, increased SBPs, induced systemic inflammation and oxidative stress. Therefore, PM2.5 is potentially a controllable risk factor that promotes CMBs in certain patients, such as those with hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lipeng Cai
- China-America Institute of Neuroscience, Department of Neurology, Beijing Luhe Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Jianjie Yang
- Department of Pathology, Luhe Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Eric Cosky
- Department of Neurosurgery, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Ruiqiang Xin
- Department of Medical Imaging, Luhe Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaokun Geng
- China-America Institute of Neuroscience, Department of Neurology, Beijing Luhe Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Yuchuan Ding
- China-America Institute of Neuroscience, Department of Neurology, Beijing Luhe Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
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Metabolic Response of RAW 264.7 Macrophages to Exposure to Crude Particulate Matter and a Reduced Content of Organic Matter. TOXICS 2021; 9:toxics9090205. [PMID: 34564356 PMCID: PMC8472964 DOI: 10.3390/toxics9090205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Revised: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Exposure to air pollution from various airborne particulate matter (PM) is regarded as a potential health risk. Airborne PM penetrates the lungs, where it is taken up by macrophages, what results in macrophage activation and can potentially lead to negative consequences for the organism. In the present study, we assessed the effects of direct exposure of RAW 264.7 macrophages to crude PM (NIST1648a) and to a reduced content of organic matter (LAp120) for up to 72 h on selected parameters of metabolic activity. These included cell viability and apoptosis, metabolic activity and cell number, ROS synthesis, nitric oxide (NO) release, and oxidative burst. The results indicated that both NIST1648a and LAp120 negatively influenced the parameters of cell viability and metabolic activity due to increased ROS synthesis. The negative effect of PM was concentration-dependent; i.e., it was the most pronounced for the highest concentration applied. The impact of PM also depended on the time of exposure, so at respective time points, PM induced different effects. There were also differences in the impact of NIST1648a and LAp120 on almost all parameters tested. The negative effect of LAp120 was more pronounced, what appeared to be associated with an increased content of metals.
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27
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Nozza E, Valentini S, Melzi G, Vecchi R, Corsini E. Advances on the immunotoxicity of outdoor particulate matter: A focus on physical and chemical properties and respiratory defence mechanisms. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 780:146391. [PMID: 33774291 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.146391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Revised: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Particulate matter (PM) is acknowledged to have multiple detrimental effects on human health. In this review, we report literature results on the possible link between outdoor PM and health outcomes with a focus on pulmonary infections and the mechanisms responsible for observed negative effects. PM physical and chemical properties, such as size and chemical composition, as well as major emission sources are described for a more comprehensive view about the role played by atmospheric PM in the observed adverse health effects; to this aim, major processes leading to the deposition of PM in the respiratory tract and how this can pave the way to the onset of pathologies are also presented. From the literature works here reviewed, two ways in which PM can threaten human health promoting respiratory infectious diseases are mostly taken into account. The first pathway is related to an enhanced susceptibility and here we will also report on molecular mechanisms in the lung immune system responsible for the augmented susceptibility to pathogens, such as the damage of mechanical defensive barriers, the alteration of the innate immune response, and the generation of oxidative stress. The second one deals with the relationship between infectious agents and PM; here we recall that viruses and bacteria (BioPM) are themselves part of atmospheric PM and are collected during sampling together with particles of different origin; so, data should be analysed with caution in order to avoid any false cause-effect relation. To face these issues a multidisciplinary approach is mandatory as also evident from the ongoing research about the mechanisms hypothesized for the SARS-CoV-2 airborne spreading, which is still controversial and claims for further investigation. Therefore, we preferred not to include papers dealing with SARS-CoV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Nozza
- Department of Environmental Science and Policy, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Balzaretti 9, 20133 Milan, Italy; Department of Physics, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Celoria 16, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - S Valentini
- Department of Physics, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Celoria 16, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - G Melzi
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences (DiSFeB), Università degli Studi di Milano, via Balzaretti 9, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - R Vecchi
- Department of Physics, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Celoria 16, 20133 Milan, Italy.
| | - E Corsini
- Department of Environmental Science and Policy, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Balzaretti 9, 20133 Milan, Italy
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Song Y, Zhao L, Qi Z, Zhang Y, Cao G, Li R, Zhu L, Yang Z, Dong C, Cai Z. Application of a real-ambient fine particulate matter exposure system on different animal models. J Environ Sci (China) 2021; 105:64-70. [PMID: 34130840 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2020.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Revised: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/05/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Simulation of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) exposure is essential for evaluating adverse health effects. In this work, an ambient exposure system that mimicked real atmospheric conditions was installed in Taiyuan, China to study impacts of chronic PM2.5 exposure on adult and aged mice as well as Sirtuin3 knockout (Sirt3 KO) mice and wild-type (WT) mice. The real-ambient exposure system eliminated the possible artificial effects caused from exposure experiments and maintained the physiochemical characteristics of PM2.5. The case studies indicated that aged mice exhibited apparent heart dysfunction involving increased heart rate and decreased blood pressure after 17-week of real-ambient PM2.5 exposure. Meanwhile, 15-week of real-ambient PM2.5 exposure decreased the heart rate and amounts of associated catecholamines to induce heart failure in Sirt3 KO mice. Additionally, the increased pro-inflammatory cytokines and decreased platelet related indices suggested that inflammation occurred. The changes of biomarkers detected by targeted metabolomics confirmed metabolic disorder in WT and Sirt3 KO mice after exposed to real-ambient PM2.5. These results indicated that the real-ambient PM2.5 exposure system could evaluate the risks of certain diseases associated with air pollution and have great potential for supporting the investigations of PM2.5 effects on other types of rodent models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Song
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental and Biological Analysis, Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Lifang Zhao
- Institute of Environmental Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Zenghua Qi
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yanhao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental and Biological Analysis, Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Guodong Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental and Biological Analysis, Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Ruijin Li
- Institute of Environmental Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Lin Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental and Biological Analysis, Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Zhu Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental and Biological Analysis, Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Chuan Dong
- Institute of Environmental Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Zongwei Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental and Biological Analysis, Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong SAR, China.
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Misiukiewicz-Stepien P, Paplinska-Goryca M. Biological effect of PM 10 on airway epithelium-focus on obstructive lung diseases. Clin Immunol 2021; 227:108754. [PMID: 33964432 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2021.108754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2020] [Revised: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Recently, a continuous increase in environmental pollution has been observed. Despite wide-scale efforts to reduce air pollutant emissions, the problem is still relevant. Exposure to elevated levels of airborne particles increased the incidence of respiratory diseases. PM10 constitute the largest fraction of air pollutants, containing particles with a diameter of less than 10 μm, metals, pollens, mineral dust and remnant material from anthropogenic activity. The natural airway defensive mechanisms against inhaled material, such as mucus layer, ciliary clearance and macrophage phagocytic activity, may be insufficient for proper respiratory function. The epithelium layer can be disrupted by ongoing oxidative stress and inflammatory processes induced by exposure to large amounts of inhaled particles as well as promote the development and exacerbation of obstructive lung diseases. This review draws attention to the current state of knowledge about the physical features of PM10 and its impact on airway epithelial cells, and obstructive pulmonary diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulina Misiukiewicz-Stepien
- Postgraduate School of Molecular Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland; Department of Internal Medicine, Pulmonary Diseases and Allergy, Medical University of Warsaw, Poland.
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Shabnam N, Oh J, Park S, Kim H. Impact of particulate matter on primary leaves of Vigna radiata (L.) R. Wilczek. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 212:111965. [PMID: 33550080 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.111965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2020] [Revised: 12/27/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Particulate matter (PM) pollution is of great concern for human health and vegetation. In this study, we investigated the impact of PM on primary (unifoliate) leaves of Vigna radiata (L.) R.Wilczek by exposing leaves' adaxial surface to PM. Leaves exposed to PM showed accumulation of various metal(loid)s even after removal of epicuticular wax (EW) revealing that the metals/metalloids could penetrate through the cuticular barrier. Scanning electron microscopic studies revealed that even after thorough washing with water, a significant amount (~55%) of particles were retained on the leaf surface. Leaves did not show any particles on their surface post EW removal, revealing that particles adhered to EW. Exposing primary leaves to PM did not alter their size but gave rise to smaller sized trifoliate leaves. A decline in Chl a/b of PM-exposed primary leaves suggested that PM cause a shading effect on leaves. PM-exposed primary leaves also showed a decline in sugar levels. However, the trifoliate leaves did not show any variation in Chl a/b as well as sugar levels. Our findings furnish evidence for the negative effects of PM on plants and a probable dietary exposure of humans to PMs, warranting more in-depth studies on the potential risks of PMs in agricultural sector.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nisha Shabnam
- Department of Environmental Engineering, University of Seoul, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Joosung Oh
- Department of Environmental Engineering, University of Seoul, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sangwon Park
- Rural Development Administration, Jeonju-si, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunook Kim
- Department of Environmental Engineering, University of Seoul, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Daniel S, Phillippi D, Schneider LJ, Nguyen KN, Mirpuri J, Lund AK. Exposure to diesel exhaust particles results in altered lung microbial profiles, associated with increased reactive oxygen species/reactive nitrogen species and inflammation, in C57Bl/6 wildtype mice on a high-fat diet. Part Fibre Toxicol 2021; 18:3. [PMID: 33419468 PMCID: PMC7796587 DOI: 10.1186/s12989-020-00393-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exposure to traffic-generated emissions is associated with the development and exacerbation of inflammatory lung disorders such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disorder (COPD) and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). Although many lung diseases show an expansion of Proteobacteria, the role of traffic-generated particulate matter pollutants on the lung microbiota has not been well-characterized. Thus, we investigated the hypothesis that exposure to diesel exhaust particles (DEP) can alter commensal lung microbiota, thereby promoting alterations in the lung's immune and inflammatory responses. We aimed to understand whether diet might also contribute to the alteration of the commensal lung microbiome, either alone or related to exposure. To do this, we used male C57Bl/6 mice (4-6-week-old) on either regular chow (LF) or high-fat (HF) diet (45% kcal fat), randomly assigned to be exposed via oropharyngeal aspiration to 35 μg DEP, suspended in 35 μl 0.9% sterile saline or sterile saline only (control) twice a week for 30 days. A separate group of study animals on the HF diet was concurrently treated with 0.3 g/day of Winclove Ecologic® Barrier probiotics in their drinking water throughout the study. RESULTS Our results show that DEP-exposure increases lung tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-10, Toll-like receptor (TLR)-2, TLR-4, and the nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) histologically and by RT-qPCR, as well as Immunoglobulin A (IgA) and Immunoglobulin G (IgG) in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), as quantified by ELISA. We also observed an increase in macrophage infiltration and peroxynitrite, a marker of reactive oxygen species (ROS) + reactive nitrogen species (RNS), immunofluorescence staining in the lungs of DEP-exposed and HF-diet animals, which was further exacerbated by concurrent DEP-exposure and HF-diet consumption. Histological examinations revealed enhanced inflammation and collagen deposition in the lungs DEP-exposed mice, regardless of diet. We observed an expansion of Proteobacteria, by qPCR of bacterial 16S rRNA, in the BALF of DEP-exposed mice on the HF diet, which was diminished with probiotic-treatment. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that exposure to DEP causes persistent and sustained inflammation and bacterial alterations in a ROS-RNS mediated fashion, which is exacerbated by concurrent consumption of an HF diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Daniel
- Advanced Environmental Research Institute, Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, EESAT - 215, 1704 W. Mulberry, Denton, TX, 76201, USA
| | - Danielle Phillippi
- Advanced Environmental Research Institute, Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, EESAT - 215, 1704 W. Mulberry, Denton, TX, 76201, USA
| | - Leah J Schneider
- Advanced Environmental Research Institute, Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, EESAT - 215, 1704 W. Mulberry, Denton, TX, 76201, USA
| | - Kayla N Nguyen
- Advanced Environmental Research Institute, Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, EESAT - 215, 1704 W. Mulberry, Denton, TX, 76201, USA
| | - Julie Mirpuri
- Division of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Amie K Lund
- Advanced Environmental Research Institute, Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, EESAT - 215, 1704 W. Mulberry, Denton, TX, 76201, USA.
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Zhang J, Ren D, Cao X, Wang T, Geng X, Li X, Tang J, Leng S, Wang H, Zheng Y. Ambient air pollutants and hospital visits for pneumonia: a case-crossover study in Qingdao, China. BMC Public Health 2021; 21:66. [PMID: 33413265 PMCID: PMC7791776 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-020-10065-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Pneumonia is one of the principal reasons for incidence and death in the world. The former research mainly concentrated on specific sources of patients. Besides, due to the heterogeneity among regions, there are inconsistencies in the outcome of these surveys. To explore the relationship between atmospheric pollution and hospital visits for pneumonia under the climate and pollution conditions in Qingdao, we carried out this study. Methods The medical records of pneumonia patients were gathered from the affiliated hospital of Qingdao University during Jan 1st, 2014, and Dec 31st,2018. Daily concentrations of PM2.5, PM10, SO2, NO2, as well as CO, were collected from the national air quality monitoring stations in Qingdao. Case-crossover study design and conditional logistic regression model were used to estimate the associations. Daily temperature, relative humidity, and atmospheric pressure were adjusted as the covariates in all models. A principal component analysis was used to solve the multicollinearity between atmospheric pollutants and investigate the relationship between various air pollutants and pneumonia occurs. Results In the single pollutant model, with interquartile range increment of the density of PM2.5, PM10, NO2 and SO2 at the lag2 days, the odds ratio of hospital visits for pneumonia patients increased by 6.4% (95%CI, 2.3–10.7%), 7.7% (95%CI, 3.2–12.4%), 6.7% (95%CI, 1.0–12.7%), and 7.2% (95%CI, 1.1–13.5%). Stratified analysis showed that pollutants were more significant in the cold period. Besides, the impact of atmospheric particulates on different ages mainly occurs in the young child (0 to 3-year-old). The odds ratio was 1.042 (95%CI, 1.012–1.072) when the principal components of atmospheric pollutants were included in the conditional logistic model. Conclusions Our study found a significant relationship between short-term uncovering to PM2.5, PM10, NO2, SO2, and hospital visits for pneumonia in Qingdao. The effect of atmospheric pollutants mainly arose in a cold period. The particulate matter might be the principal reason in inducing hospital visits for pneumonia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianzhong Zhang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266021, Shandong, China
| | - Dunqiang Ren
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Critical care, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266003, Shandong, China
| | - Xue Cao
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266021, Shandong, China
| | - Tao Wang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266021, Shandong, China
| | - Xue Geng
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266021, Shandong, China
| | - Xin Li
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266021, Shandong, China
| | - Jinglong Tang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266021, Shandong, China
| | - Shuguang Leng
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266021, Shandong, China
| | - Hongmei Wang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Critical care, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266003, Shandong, China
| | - Yuxin Zheng
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266021, Shandong, China.
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Guo H, Zhang Z, Wang H, Ma H, Hu F, Zhang W, Liu Y, Huang Y, Zeng Y, Li C, Wang J. Oxidative stress and inflammatory effects in human lung epithelial A549 cells induced by phenanthrene, fluorene, and their binary mixture. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2021; 36:95-104. [PMID: 32856796 DOI: 10.1002/tox.23015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Revised: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 08/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Low molecular weight-Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (LMW-PAHs) are ubiquitous environmental pollutants, which may contribute to respiratory diseases. However, studies of the relative mechanisms are limited. This study aimed to explore the effects of two LMW-PAHs [phenanthrene (Phe) and fluorene (Flu)], separately and as binary PAH mixture on oxidative stress and inflammation in A549 cells. Cell viability was firstly detected at various concentrations (200-800 μM) by Phe, Flu, and the mixture of Phe and Flu. ROS level, MDA content, SOD and CAT activities were then determined to evaluate oxidative damage. The protein and mRNA expressions of IL-6, TNF-α, TGF-β, and the protein content of SP-A were further determined to evaluate inflammation. Results showed that Phe, Flu, and their mixture triggered ROS generation and induced abnormal productions of MDA, SOD, and CAT. And the protein and mRNA expressions of TNF-α and IL-6 were increased by Phe, Flu, and their mixture, respectively. In addition, SP-A was also increased by Phe and Flu, while it was decreased by their mixture at 600 μM. The results demonstrated that Phe, Flu, and their mixture could induce oxidative stress and subsequent inflammation in A549 cells, while combined inflammatory response was stronger than single actions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huizhen Guo
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Zhewen Zhang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Huiling Wang
- Department of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine Gynecology, Gansu Provincial Maternity and Child-Care Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Haitao Ma
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Fengjing Hu
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Wenwen Zhang
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Yushan Huang
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Yong Zeng
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Chengyun Li
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Junling Wang
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
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Cáceres L, Paz ML, Garcés M, Calabró V, Magnani ND, Martinefski M, Martino Adami PV, Caltana L, Tasat D, Morelli L, Tripodi V, Valacchi G, Alvarez S, González Maglio D, Marchini T, Evelson P. NADPH oxidase and mitochondria are relevant sources of superoxide anion in the oxinflammatory response of macrophages exposed to airborne particulate matter. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2020; 205:111186. [PMID: 32853868 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.111186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Revised: 08/08/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to ambient air particulate matter (PM) is associated with increased cardiorespiratory morbidity and mortality. In this context, alveolar macrophages exhibit proinflammatory and oxidative responses as a result of the clearance of particles, thus contributing to lung injury. However, the mechanisms linking these pathways are not completely clarified. Therefore, the oxinflammation phenomenon was studied in RAW 264.7 macrophages exposed to Residual Oil Fly Ash (ROFA), a PM surrogate rich in transition metals. While cell viability was not compromised under the experimental conditions, a proinflammatory phenotype was observed in cells incubated with ROFA 100 μg/mL, characterized by increased levels of TNF-α and NO production, together with PM uptake. This inflammatory response seems to precede alterations in redox metabolism, characterized by augmented levels of H2O2, diminished GSH/GSSG ratio, and increased SOD activity. This scenario resulted in increased oxidative damage to phospholipids. Moreover, alterations in mitochondrial respiration were observed following ROFA incubation, such as diminished coupling efficiency and spare respiratory capacity, together with augmented proton leak. These findings were accompanied by a decrease in mitochondrial membrane potential. Finally, NADPH oxidase (NOX) and mitochondria were identified as the main sources of superoxide anion () in our model. These results indicate that PM exposure induces direct activation of macrophages, leading to inflammation and increased reactive oxygen species production through NOX and mitochondria, which impairs antioxidant defense and may cause mitochondrial dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lourdes Cáceres
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Departamento de Química Analítica y Fisicoquímica, Cátedra de Química General e Inorgánica, Argentina
| | - Mariela L Paz
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Departamento de Microbiología, Inmunología, Biotecnología y Genética, Cátedra de Inmunología, Argentina; CONICET - Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Estudios de la Inmunidad Humoral (IDEHU), Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Argentina
| | - Mariana Garcés
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Departamento de Química Analítica y Fisicoquímica, Cátedra de Química General e Inorgánica, Argentina
| | - Valeria Calabró
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Departamento de Química Analítica y Fisicoquímica, Cátedra de Química General e Inorgánica, Argentina; CONICET - Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Bioquímica y Medicina Molecular (IBIMOL), Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Argentina
| | - Natalia D Magnani
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Departamento de Química Analítica y Fisicoquímica, Cátedra de Química General e Inorgánica, Argentina; CONICET - Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Bioquímica y Medicina Molecular (IBIMOL), Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Argentina
| | - Manuela Martinefski
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Departamento de Tecnología Farmacéutica, Cátedra de Tecnología Farmacéutica I, Argentina
| | - Pamela V Martino Adami
- Laboratory of Brain Aging and Neurodegeneration, Fundación Instituto Leloir, IIBBA-CONICET, Argentina
| | - Laura Caltana
- CONICET - Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Biología Celular y Neurociencia Prof. E. De Robertis (IBCN), Facultad de Medicina, Argentina
| | - Deborah Tasat
- Universidad Nacional de San Martín, Escuela de Ciencia y Tecnología, Centro de Estudios en Salud y Medio Ambiente, Argentina
| | - Laura Morelli
- Laboratory of Brain Aging and Neurodegeneration, Fundación Instituto Leloir, IIBBA-CONICET, Argentina
| | - Valeria Tripodi
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Departamento de Tecnología Farmacéutica, Cátedra de Tecnología Farmacéutica I, Argentina
| | - Giuseppe Valacchi
- NC State University, Plants for Human Health Institute, Animal Science Department, USA; Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Silvia Alvarez
- CONICET - Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Bioquímica y Medicina Molecular (IBIMOL), Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Argentina; Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Departamento de Química Analítica y Fisicoquímica, Cátedra de Fisicoquímica, Argentina
| | - Daniel González Maglio
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Departamento de Microbiología, Inmunología, Biotecnología y Genética, Cátedra de Inmunología, Argentina; CONICET - Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Estudios de la Inmunidad Humoral (IDEHU), Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Argentina
| | - Timoteo Marchini
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Departamento de Química Analítica y Fisicoquímica, Cátedra de Química General e Inorgánica, Argentina; CONICET - Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Bioquímica y Medicina Molecular (IBIMOL), Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Argentina
| | - Pablo Evelson
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Departamento de Química Analítica y Fisicoquímica, Cátedra de Química General e Inorgánica, Argentina; CONICET - Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Bioquímica y Medicina Molecular (IBIMOL), Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Argentina.
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Cochard M, Ledoux F, Landkocz Y. Atmospheric fine particulate matter and epithelial mesenchymal transition in pulmonary cells: state of the art and critical review of the in vitro studies. JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART B, CRITICAL REVIEWS 2020; 23:293-318. [PMID: 32921295 DOI: 10.1080/10937404.2020.1816238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to fine particulate matter (PM2.5) has been associated with several diseases including asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and lung cancer. Mechanisms such as oxidative stress and inflammation are well-documented and are considered as the starting point of some of the pathological responses. However, a number of studies also focused on epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), which is a biological process involved in fibrotic diseases and cancer progression notably via metastasis induction. Up until now, EMT was widely reported in vivo and in vitro in various cell types but investigations dealing with in vitro studies of PM2.5 induced EMT in pulmonary cells are limited. Further, few investigations combined the necessary endpoints for validation of the EMT state in cells: such as expression of several surface, cytoskeleton or extracellular matrix biomarkers and activation of transcription markers and epigenetic factors. Studies explored various cell types, cultured under differing conditions and exposed for various durations to different doses. Such unharmonized protocols (1) might introduce bias, (2) make difficult comparison of results and (3) preclude reaching a definitive conclusion regarding the ability of airborne PM2.5 to induce EMT in pulmonary cells. Some questions remain, in particular the specific PM2.5 components responsible for EMT triggering. The aim of this review is to examine the available PM2.5 induced EMT in vitro studies on pulmonary cells with special emphasis on the critical parameters considered to carry out future research in this field. This clarification appears necessary for production of reliable and comparable results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaux Cochard
- Unité de Chimie Environnementale et Interactions sur le Vivant, UCEIV UR4492, SFR Condorcet FR-CNRS-3417, Univ. Littoral Côte d'Opale (ULCO) , Dunkerque, France
| | - Frédéric Ledoux
- Unité de Chimie Environnementale et Interactions sur le Vivant, UCEIV UR4492, SFR Condorcet FR-CNRS-3417, Univ. Littoral Côte d'Opale (ULCO) , Dunkerque, France
| | - Yann Landkocz
- Unité de Chimie Environnementale et Interactions sur le Vivant, UCEIV UR4492, SFR Condorcet FR-CNRS-3417, Univ. Littoral Côte d'Opale (ULCO) , Dunkerque, France
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Duszenko N, van Willigen DM, Welling MM, de Korne CM, van Schuijlenburg R, Winkel BM, van Leeuwen FW, Roestenberg M. A Supramolecular Platform Technology for Bacterial Cell Surface Modification. ACS Infect Dis 2020; 6:1734-1744. [PMID: 32364374 PMCID: PMC7359023 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.9b00523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
In an era of antimicrobial resistance, a better understanding of the interaction between bacteria and the sentinel immune system is needed to discover new therapeutic targets for combating bacterial infectious disease. Sentinel immune cells such as macrophages phagocytose intact bacteria and thereby initiate ensuing immune responses. The bacterial surface composition is a key element that determines the macrophage signaling. To study the role of the bacterial cell surface composition in immune recognition, we developed a platform technology for altering bacterial surfaces in a controlled manner with versatile chemical scaffolds. We show that these scaffolds are efficiently loaded onto both Gram-positive and -negative bacteria and that their presence does not impair the capacity of monocyte-derived macrophages to phagocytose bacteria and subsequently signal to other components of the immune system. We believe this technology thus presents a useful tool to study the role of bacterial cell surface composition in disease etiology and potentially in novel interventions utilizing intact bacteria for vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolas Duszenko
- Department of Parasitology, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, Leiden 2333 ZA, The Netherlands
- Interventional Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, Leiden 2333 ZA, The Netherlands
| | - Danny M. van Willigen
- Interventional Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, Leiden 2333 ZA, The Netherlands
| | - Mick M. Welling
- Interventional Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, Leiden 2333 ZA, The Netherlands
| | - Clarize M. de Korne
- Department of Parasitology, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, Leiden 2333 ZA, The Netherlands
- Interventional Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, Leiden 2333 ZA, The Netherlands
| | - Roos van Schuijlenburg
- Department of Parasitology, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, Leiden 2333 ZA, The Netherlands
| | - Beatrice M.F. Winkel
- Department of Parasitology, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, Leiden 2333 ZA, The Netherlands
| | - Fijs W.B. van Leeuwen
- Interventional Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, Leiden 2333 ZA, The Netherlands
- Department of Urology, Netherlands Cancer Institute-Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Amsterdam 1066 CX, The Netherlands
| | - Meta Roestenberg
- Department of Parasitology, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, Leiden 2333 ZA, The Netherlands
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, Leiden 2333 ZA, The Netherlands
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Figliuzzi M, Tironi M, Longaretti L, Mancini A, Teoldi F, Sangalli F, Remuzzi A. Copper-dependent biological effects of particulate matter produced by brake systems on lung alveolar cells. Arch Toxicol 2020; 94:2965-2979. [PMID: 32577786 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-020-02812-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Road traffic is one of the main sources of particulate emissions into the environment and has an increasing, negative impact on the release of potentially dangerous materials. Vehicle brakes release a significant amount of wear particles, and knowledge regarding their possible adverse effects is limited. One of the most dangerous elements contained in brake pads is copper (Cu), known to be toxic for human health. Therefore, our aim was to study the cell toxicity of particulate matter (PM) produced by different combinations of braking discs and pads containing different amounts of Cu. We investigated whether brake-derived microparticles have toxic effects on lung cells proportionally to their Cu content. Analyte content was measured in friction materials by XRFS and in PM2.5 captured during braking tests using SEM/EDX. The biological impact of brake-derived PM2.5 was investigated on a human epithelial alveolar cell line (A549). Cell viability, oxidative stress, mitochondrial membrane potential, apoptosis, and the pro-inflammatory response of the cells, as well as gene expression, were assessed following exposure to increasing PM2.5 concentrations (1, 10, 100, 200, and 500 µg/ml). The brake debris with the lowest Cu content did not induce significant changes in biological effects on A549 cells compared to normal controls, except for ROS production and IL6 gene expression. PM2.5 containing higher Cu quantities induced cell toxicity that correlated with Cu concentration. Our data suggest that the toxicity of PM2.5 from the brake system is mainly related to Cu content, thus confirming that eliminating Cu from brake pads will be beneficial for human health in urbanized environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Figliuzzi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Via Stezzano 87, 24126, Bergamo, Italy.
| | - Matteo Tironi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Via Stezzano 87, 24126, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Lorena Longaretti
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Via Stezzano 87, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Alessandro Mancini
- Laboratorio Materiali Advanced R&D Brembo S.P.A, Viale Europa, 2, Stezzano, BG, Italy
| | - Federico Teoldi
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Via Negri 2, Milan, Italy
| | - Fabio Sangalli
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Via Stezzano 87, 24126, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Andrea Remuzzi
- Department of Management, Information and Production Engineering, University of Bergamo, Viale Marconi 5, Dalmine, BG, Italy
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Particulate matter exposure aggravates osteoarthritis severity. Clin Sci (Lond) 2020; 133:2171-2187. [PMID: 31696218 DOI: 10.1042/cs20190458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2019] [Revised: 10/14/2019] [Accepted: 10/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Several diseases have been linked to particulate matter (PM) exposure. Outdoor activities, such as road running or jogging, are popular aerobic exercises due to few participatory limitations. Osteoarthritis (OA) is a progressive degenerative joint disease, usually observed at age 40, and not noticed before pain or diagnosis. Although exercise has health benefits, it is unclear whether outdoor jogging in higher PM (standard reference material 1649b, SRM 1649b) concentration environments could affect OA development or severity. Hence, a PM exposure monosodium iodoacetate (MIA)-induced OA animal jogged model was established for investigation. Results showed that high doses of PM (5 mg) significantly increased pro-inflammatory factors such as tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-1β, and IL-6, and M1 macrophages in the lung region, also obtained in systemic IL-6 and TNF-α expressions in this MIA-OA rat model. Moreover, levels of osteocalcin, cartilage oligomeric matrix protein (COMP), and N-telopeptides of type I collagen were especially influenced in MIA+PM groups. Morphological and structural changes of the knee joint were detected by micro-computed tomography images (micro-CT) and immunohistochemistry. MIA + PM rats exhibited severe bone density decrease, cartilage wear, and structure damages, accompanied by lower levels of physical activity, than the sham group and groups receiving MIA or PM alone. The findings suggest that the severity of OA could be promoted by PM exposure with a PM concentration effect via systemic inflammatory mechanisms. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to provide direct effects of PM exposure on OA severity.
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Xu C, Zhang M, Chen W, Jiang L, Chen C, Qin J. Assessment of Air Pollutant PM2.5 Pulmonary Exposure Using a 3D Lung-on-Chip Model. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2020; 6:3081-3090. [PMID: 33463279 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.0c00221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Airborne particulate matters have posed significant risk to human health worldwide. Fine particulate matters (PM2.5, aerodynamic diameter <2.5 μm) are associated with increased morbidity and mortality attributed to pulmonary diseases. An advanced in vitro model would benefit the assessment of PM2.5 induced pulmonary injuries and drug development. In this work, we present a PM2.5 exposure model to evaluate the pulmonary risk of fine particulate matter exposure in an organotypic manner with the help of 3D human lung-on-a-chip. By compartmentalized co-culturing of human endothelial cells, epithelial cells, and extra cellular matrix, our lung-on-a-chip recapitulated the structural features of the alveolar-blood barrier, which is pivotal for exogenous hazard toxicity evaluation. PM2.5 was applied to the channel lined with lung epithelial cells to model the pulmonary exposure of fine particulate matter. The results indicated acute high dose PM2.5 exposure would lead to various malfunctions of the alveolar-capillary barrier, including adheren junction disruption, increased ROS generation, apoptosis, inflammatory biofactor expression in epithelial cells and endothelial cells, elevated permeability, and monocyte attachments. Collectively, our lung-on-a-chip model provides a simple platform to investigate the complex responses after PM2.5 exposure in a physiologically relevant level, which could be of great potential in environmental risk assessment and therapeutic treatment development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong Xu
- Division of Biotechnology, CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Sciences for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, China 116023.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China 100190
| | - Min Zhang
- Division of Biotechnology, CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Sciences for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, China 116023.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China 100190
| | - Wenwen Chen
- Division of Biotechnology, CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Sciences for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, China 116023.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China 100190
| | - Lei Jiang
- Division of Biotechnology, CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Sciences for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, China 116023
| | - Chunying Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety and CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Jianhua Qin
- Division of Biotechnology, CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Sciences for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, China 116023.,Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China 100101.,CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China 200031.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China 100190
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Fifteen Years of Airborne Particulates in Vitro Toxicology in Milano: Lessons and Perspectives Learned. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21072489. [PMID: 32260164 PMCID: PMC7177378 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21072489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2020] [Revised: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Air pollution is one of the world’s leading environmental causes of death. The epidemiological relationship between outdoor air pollution and the onset of health diseases associated with death is now well established. Relevant toxicological proofs are now dissecting the molecular processes that cause inflammation, reactive species generation, and DNA damage. In addition, new data are pointing out the role of airborne particulates in the modulation of genes and microRNAs potentially involved in the onset of human diseases. In the present review we collect the relevant findings on airborne particulates of one of the biggest hot spots of air pollution in Europe (i.e., the Po Valley), in the largest urban area of this region, Milan. The different aerodynamic fractions are discussed separately with a specific focus on fine and ultrafine particles that are now the main focus of several studies. Results are compared with more recent international findings. Possible future perspectives of research are proposed to create a new discussion among scientists working on the toxicological effects of airborne particles.
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Zhang J, Feng L, Hou C, Gu Q. Health benefits on cardiocerebrovascular disease of reducing exposure to ambient fine particulate matter in Tianjin, China. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:13261-13275. [PMID: 32020454 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-07910-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
With the development of the industrialization level in China, high concentrations of fine particulate matter (≤ 2.5 μg/m3 in aerodynamic diameter (PM2.5)) could have a great impact on the health of the population. Our study is to quantify the health benefits on cardiocerebrovascular disease of reducing exposure to PM2.5 in Tianjin, China. We obtained the data on cardiovascular disease (CVD), ischemic heart disease (IHD), and cerebrovascular disease (CD) mortalities to quantify the association between CVD, CD, and IHD mortalities and PM2.5 and calculate health and economic benefits when the annual average concentration of PM2.5 was reduced to National Ambient Air Quality Standard (NAAQS) and World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines by using our concentration response (C-R) functions. There were 435.22 (95% CI 253.86 to 616.57) all-cause, 130.22 (95% CI 66.34 to194.09) IHD, and 204.07 (95% CI 111.66 to 296.47) CD deaths attributed to PM2.5 and the economic benefits obtained by preventing all-cause, IHD, and CD mortalities were equivalent to be 2.79%, 0.83%, and 1.31% of Baodi's GDP in Tianjin in 2017, respectively. PM2.5 concentration was positive with all-cause, IHD, and CD mortalities in rural, suburban, and urban area of Tianjin, China. Meanwhile, the number of avoidable deaths and economic cost of reducing PM2.5 concentrations to NAAQS and WHO guidelines was highest in the rural area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingwei Zhang
- Department of Environment and Health, Tianjin Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, No. 6 Huayue Rd., Tianjin, China
| | - Lihong Feng
- Department of Environment and Health, Tianjin Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, No. 6 Huayue Rd., Tianjin, China
| | - Changchun Hou
- Department of Environment and Health, Tianjin Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, No. 6 Huayue Rd., Tianjin, China
| | - Qing Gu
- Department of Environment and Health, Tianjin Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, No. 6 Huayue Rd., Tianjin, China.
- School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, No. 22 Qixiangtai Rd., Tianjin, China.
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Pre-admission air pollution exposure prolongs the duration of ventilation in intensive care patients. Intensive Care Med 2020; 46:1204-1212. [PMID: 32185459 PMCID: PMC7224020 DOI: 10.1007/s00134-020-05999-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2019] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Purpose Air pollutant exposure constitutes a serious risk factor for the emergence or aggravation of (existing) pulmonary disease. The impact of pre-intensive care ambient air pollutant exposure on the duration of artificial ventilation was, however, not yet established. Methods The medical records of 2003 patients, admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) of the Antwerp University Hospital (Flanders, Belgium), who were artificially ventilated on ICU admission or within 48 h after admission, for the duration of at least 48 h, were analyzed. For each patient’s home address, daily air pollutant exposure [particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter ≤ 2.5 µm (PM2.5) and ≤ 10 µm (PM10), nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and black carbon (BC)] up to 10 days prior to hospital admission was modeled using a high-resolution spatial–temporal model. The association between duration of artificial ventilation and air pollution exposure during the last 10 days before ICU admission was assessed using distributed lag models with a negative binomial regression fit. Results Controlling for pre-specified confounders, an IQR increment in BC (1.2 µg/m3) up to 10 days before admission was associated with an estimated cumulative increase of 12.4% in ventilation duration (95% CI 4.7–20.7). Significant associations were also observed for PM2.5, PM10 and NO2, with cumulative estimates ranging from 7.8 to 8.0%. Conclusion Short-term ambient air pollution exposure prior to ICU admission represents an unrecognized environmental risk factor for the duration of artificial ventilation in the ICU. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1007/s00134-020-05999-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Song Y, Zhang Y, Li R, Chen W, Chung CKA, Cai Z. The cellular effects of PM 2.5 collected in Chinese Taiyuan and Guangzhou and their associations with polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), nitro-PAHs and hydroxy-PAHs. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2020; 191:110225. [PMID: 32001423 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.110225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2019] [Revised: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Numerous studies have demonstrated adverse effects on human health after exposure to fine particulate matter (PM2.5). However, it is still not clear how the toxicological effects and the health risks vary among PM samples of different compositions and concentrations. In this study, we examined effects of region- and season-dependent differences of PM2.5 on cytotoxicity, and the contributions of PAHs, nitro-PAHs (N-PAHs) and hydroxy-PAHs (OH-PAHs) to PM2.5 toxicity by determining different toxicological indicators in three lung cell lines. The results illustrated significant differences in components concentrations and biological responses elicited by PM2.5 collected in different cities and seasons. The concentrations of most PAHs, N-PAHs and OH-PAHs were much higher in Taiyuan than in Guangzhou. PM2.5 from Taiyuan exhibited lower cell viability and higher reactive oxygen species (ROS) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) release on lung cells than those from Guangzhou. Specifically, PM2.5 collected in summer from Taiyuan caused higher levels of pro-inflammatory responses and oxidative potential than those collected in winter. The correlation analysis between 19 PAHs, 17 N-PAHs and 12 OH-PAHs and the measured indicators demonstrated that PAHs were more related to PM2.5-induced CCK-8 cytotoxicity and IL-6 release in Taiyuan while N-PAHs and OH-PAHs were more related to PM2.5-induced CCK-8 cytotoxicity and dithiothreitol (DTT)-based redox activity in Guangzhou, suggesting that the toxicity of PM2.5 from Taiyuan was mostly correlated with PAHs while the toxicity of PM2.5 from Guangzhou was closely associated with N-PAHs and OH-PAHs. These results revealed that composition differences in PM2.5 from different regions and seasons significantly accounted for the differences of their toxicological effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Song
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental and Biological Analysis, Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Yanhao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental and Biological Analysis, Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Ruijin Li
- Institute of Environmental Science, College of Environmental & Resource Sciences, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Wei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental and Biological Analysis, Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Chi Kong Arthur Chung
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental and Biological Analysis, Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Zongwei Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental and Biological Analysis, Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong SAR, China; School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, China.
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de Oliveira Galvão MF, Sadiktsis I, Batistuzzo de Medeiros SR, Dreij K. Genotoxicity and DNA damage signaling in response to complex mixtures of PAHs in biomass burning particulate matter from cashew nut roasting. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 256:113381. [PMID: 31662259 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.113381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2019] [Revised: 09/20/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Approximately 3 billion people world-wide are exposed to air pollution from biomass burning. Herein, particulate matter (PM) emitted from artisanal cashew nut roasting, an important economic activity worldwide, was investigated. This study focused on: i) chemical characterization of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and oxygenated (oxy-) PAHs; ii) intracellular levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS); iii) genotoxic effects and time- and dose-dependent activation of DNA damage signaling, and iv) differential expression of genes involved in xenobiotic metabolism, inflammation, cell cycle arrest and DNA repair, using A549 lung cells. Among the PAHs, chrysene, benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P), benzo[b]fluoranthene, and benz[a]anthracene showed the highest concentrations (7.8-10 ng/m3), while benzanthrone and 9,10-anthraquinone were the most abundant oxy-PAHs. Testing of PM extracts was based on B[a]P equivalent doses (B[a]Peq). IC50 values for viability were 5.7 and 3.0 nM B[a]Peq at 24 h and 48 h, respectively. At these low doses, we observed a time- and dose-dependent increase in intracellular levels of ROS, genotoxicity (DNA strand breaks) and DNA damage signaling (phosphorylation of the protein checkpoint kinase 1 - Chk1). In comparison, effects of B[a]P alone was observed at micromolar range. To our knowledge, no previous study has demonstrated an activation of pChk1, a biomarker used to estimate the carcinogenic potency of PAHs in vitro, in lung cells exposed to cashew nut roasting extracts. Sustained induction of expression of several important stress response mediators of xenobiotic metabolism (CYP1A1, CYP1B1), ROS and pro-inflammatory response (IL-8, TNF-α, IL-2, COX2), and DNA damage response (CDKN1A and DDB2) was also identified. In conclusion, our data show high potency of cashew nut roasting PM to induce cellular stress including genotoxicity, and more potently when compared to B[a]P alone. Our study provides new data that will help elucidate the toxic effects of low-levels of PAH mixtures from air PM generated by cashew nut roasting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcos Felipe de Oliveira Galvão
- Unit of Biochemical Toxicology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Box 210, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Ioannis Sadiktsis
- Department of Environmental Science and Analytical Chemistry, Arrhenius Laboratory, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Kristian Dreij
- Unit of Biochemical Toxicology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Box 210, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden.
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Ahmadi Badi S, Moshiri A, Ettehad Marvasti F, Mojtahedzadeh M, Kazemi V, Siadat SD. Extraction and Evaluation of Outer Membrane Vesicles from Two Important Gut Microbiota Members, Bacteroides fragilis and Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron. CELL JOURNAL 2019; 22:344-349. [PMID: 31863660 PMCID: PMC6947009 DOI: 10.22074/cellj.2020.6499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2018] [Accepted: 04/28/2019] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Objective The gastrointestinal tract (GI) is colonized by a complex microbial community of gut microbiota.
Bacteroides spp. have significant roles in gut microbiota and they host interactions by various mechanisms,
including outer membrane vesicle (OMVs) production. In the present study, we extracted and assessed
Bacteroides fragilis (B. fragilis) and Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron (B. thetaiotaomicron) OMVs in order to evaluate
their possible utility for in vivo studies.
Materials and Methods In this experimental study, OMVs extraction was performed using multiple centrifugations
and tris-ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA)-sodium deoxycholate buffers. Morphology, diameter, protein
content, profile, and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) concentrations of the OMVs were assessed by scanning electron
microscopy (SEM), nanodrop, Bradford assay, sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis
(SDS-PAGE), and the Limulus Amoebocyte Lysate (LAL) test, respectively. Zeta potential (ζ-P) was also
assessed. The viability effect of OMVs was assessed by the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium
bromide (MTT) assay in Caco-2 cells.
Results Spherical OMVs with diameters of 30-110 nm were produced. The OMVs had different protein profiles. The
LPS concentrations of the B. fragilis and B. thetaiotaomicron OMVs were 1.80 and 1.68 EU/mL, respectively. ζ-P of the
B. fragilis OMVs was -34.2 mV and, for B. thetaiotaomicron. it was -44.7 mV. The viability of Caco-2 cells treated with
OMVs was more than 95%.
Conclusion The endotoxin concentrations of the spherical OMVs from B. fragilis and B. thetaiotaomicron were within
the safe limits. Both OMVs had suitable stability in sucrose solution and did not have any cytotoxic effects on human
intestinal cells. Based on our results and previous studies, further molecular evaluations can be undertaken to design
OMVs as possible agents that promote health properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Ahmadi Badi
- Department of Biology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Arfa Moshiri
- Cancer Department, Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver.,Laboratory of Experimental Therapy in Oncology, G. Gaslini Children's Hospital, Genoa, Italy
| | - Fatemeh Ettehad Marvasti
- Department of Biology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.,Microbiology Research Centre, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mojtaba Mojtahedzadeh
- Department of Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Vida Kazemi
- Medicinal Plants Research Centre, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Electronic Address:
| | - Seyed Davar Siadat
- Microbiology Research Centre, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran.,Mycobacteriology and Pulmonary Research Department, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran. Electronic Address:
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Correlation of Oxidative Potential with Ecotoxicological and Cytotoxicological Potential of PM10 at an Urban Background Site in Italy. ATMOSPHERE 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/atmos10120733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Exposure to atmospheric particulate matter (PM) has detrimental effects on health, but specific mechanisms of toxicity are still not fully understood. In recent years, there has been a growing evidence that oxidative stress is an important mechanism of toxicity; however, when acellular oxidative potential (OP) data are correlated with the outcomes of in vitro (or in vivo) toxicological tests there are contrasting results. In this work, an analysis of PM10 health effect indicators was done, using the acellular Dithiotreitol (DTT) assay to retrieve OPDTT, the Microtox® test on Vibrio fischeri bacterium to assess the ecotoxicological potential, and the in vitro MTT assay on the human cell line A549 to estimate the cytotoxicological potential. The objective was to evaluate the correlation among acellular OPDTT and the results from toxicological and ecotoxicological bioassays and how these health-related indicators are correlated with atmospheric PM10 concentrations collected at an urban background site in Southern Italy. Results indicated that both bioassays showed time-dependent and dose-dependent outcomes. Some samples presented significant ecotoxic and cytotoxic response and the correlation with PM10 concentration was limited suggesting that these health endpoints depend on PM10 chemical composition and not only on exposure concentrations. OPDTT showed a statistically significant correlation with PM10 concentrations. MTT and Microtox outcomes were not correlated suggesting that the two toxicological indicators are sensitive to different physical-chemical properties of PM10. Intrinsic oxidative potential OPDTTM (DTT activity normalised with PM10 mass) was correlated with mortality observed with MTT test (normalized with PM10 mass); however, it was not correlated with Microtox outcomes.
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Martin PJ, Héliot A, Trémolet G, Landkocz Y, Dewaele D, Cazier F, Ledoux F, Courcot D. Cellular response and extracellular vesicles characterization of human macrophages exposed to fine atmospheric particulate matter. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2019; 254:112933. [PMID: 31382213 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.07.101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2019] [Revised: 06/14/2019] [Accepted: 07/19/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to fine atmospheric Particulate Matter (PM) is one of the major environmental causes involved in the development of inflammatory lung diseases, such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) or asthma. When PM is penetrating in the pulmonary system, alveolar macrophages represent the first line of defense, in particular by triggering a pro-inflammatory response, and also by their ability to recruit infiltrating macrophages from the bone marrow. The aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate the gene expression and cytokine production involved in the toxicological and inflammatory responses of infiltrating macrophages, as well as the Extracellular Vesicles (EVs) production, after their exposure to PM. The ability of these EVs to convey information related to PM exposure from exposed macrophages to pulmonary epithelial cells was also evaluated. Infiltrating macrophages respond to fine particles exposure in a conventional manner, as their exposure to PM induced the expression of Xenobiotic Metabolizing Enzymes (XMEs) such as CYP1A1 and CYP1B1, the enzymes involved in oxidative stress SOD2, NQO1 and HMOX as well as pro-inflammatory cytokines in a dose-dependent manner. Exposure to PM also induced a greater release of EVs in a dose-dependent manner. In addition, the produced EVs were able to induce a pro-inflammatory phenotype on pulmonary epithelial cells, with the induction of the release of IL6 and TNFα proinflammatory cytokines. These results suggest that infiltrating macrophages participate in the pro-inflammatory response induced by PM exposure and that EVs could be involved in this mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Perrine J Martin
- University of Littoral Côte d'Opale, Unit of Environmental Chemistry and Interactions with Life, UCEIV EA4492, SFR Condorcet FR CNRS 3417, Dunkerque, France.
| | - Amélie Héliot
- University of Littoral Côte d'Opale, Unit of Environmental Chemistry and Interactions with Life, UCEIV EA4492, SFR Condorcet FR CNRS 3417, Dunkerque, France.
| | - Gauthier Trémolet
- University of Littoral Côte d'Opale, Unit of Environmental Chemistry and Interactions with Life, UCEIV EA4492, SFR Condorcet FR CNRS 3417, Dunkerque, France.
| | - Yann Landkocz
- University of Littoral Côte d'Opale, Unit of Environmental Chemistry and Interactions with Life, UCEIV EA4492, SFR Condorcet FR CNRS 3417, Dunkerque, France.
| | - Dorothée Dewaele
- University of Littoral Côte d'Opale, Common Center of Measurements, CCM, Dunkerque, France.
| | - Fabrice Cazier
- University of Littoral Côte d'Opale, Common Center of Measurements, CCM, Dunkerque, France.
| | - Frédéric Ledoux
- University of Littoral Côte d'Opale, Unit of Environmental Chemistry and Interactions with Life, UCEIV EA4492, SFR Condorcet FR CNRS 3417, Dunkerque, France.
| | - Dominique Courcot
- University of Littoral Côte d'Opale, Unit of Environmental Chemistry and Interactions with Life, UCEIV EA4492, SFR Condorcet FR CNRS 3417, Dunkerque, France.
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Seasonal Variation in the Biological Effects of PM 2.5 from Greater Cairo. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20204970. [PMID: 31600872 PMCID: PMC6829270 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20204970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2019] [Revised: 10/04/2019] [Accepted: 10/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Greater Cairo (Egypt) is a megalopolis where the studies of the air pollution events are of extremely high relevance, for the geographical-climatological aspects, the anthropogenic emissions and the health impact. While preliminary studies on the particulate matter (PM) chemical composition in Greater Cairo have been performed, no data are yet available on the PM’s toxicity. In this work, the in vitro toxicity of the fine PM (PM2.5) sampled in an urban area of Greater Cairo during 2017–2018 was studied. The PM2.5 samples collected during spring, summer, autumn and winter were preliminary characterized to determine the concentrations of ionic species, elements and organic PM (Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons, PAHs). After particle extraction from filters, the cytotoxic and pro-inflammatory effects were evaluated in human lung A549 cells. The results showed that particles collected during the colder seasons mainly induced the xenobiotic metabolizing system and the consequent antioxidant and pro-inflammatory cytokine release responses. Biological events positively correlated to PAHs and metals representative of a combustion-derived pollution. PM2.5 from the warmer seasons displayed a direct effect on cell cycle progression, suggesting possible genotoxic effects. In conclusion, a correlation between the biological effects and PM2.5 physico-chemical properties in the area of study might be useful for planning future strategies aiming to improve air quality and lower health hazards.
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Use of Dithiothreitol Assay to Evaluate the Oxidative Potential of Atmospheric Aerosols. ATMOSPHERE 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/atmos10100571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative potential (OP) has been proposed as a useful descriptor for the ability of particulate matter (PM) to generate reactive oxygen species (ROS) and consequently induce oxidative stress in biological systems, which has been recognized as one of the most important mechanisms responsible for PM toxicity. The dithiothreitol (DTT) assay is one of the most frequently used techniques to quantify OP because it is low-cost, easy-to-operate, and has high repeatability. With two thiol groups, DTT has been used as a surrogate of biological sulfurs that can be oxidized when exposed to ROS. Within the DTT measurement matrix, OP is defined as the DTT consumption rate. Often, the DTT consumption can be attributed to the presence of transition metals and quinones in PM as they can catalyze the oxidation of DTT through catalytic redox reactions. However, the DTT consumption by non-catalytic PM components has not been fully investigated. In addition, weak correlations between DTT consumption, ROS generation, and cellular responses have been observed in several studies, which also reveal the knowledge gaps between DTT-based OP measurements and their implication on health effects. In this review, we critically assessed the current challenges and limitations of DTT measurement, highlighted the understudied DTT consumption mechanisms, elaborated the necessity to understand both PM-bound and PM-induced ROS, and concluded with research needs to bridge the existing knowledge gaps.
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Liu Q, Baumgartner J, Schauer JJ. Source Apportionment of Fine-Particle, Water-Soluble Organic Nitrogen and Its Association with the Inflammatory Potential of Lung Epithelial Cells. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2019; 53:9845-9854. [PMID: 31348644 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.9b02523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Identifying the key chemical compounds and source contributions in ambient particles associated with the burden of cardiopulmonary disease is important to develop cost-effective air pollution mitigating strategies that maximize the protection of public health. To help address this need, we examined 109 daily ambient fine particulate matter samples (PM2.5) that were collected in Beijing in one year. The samples were analyzed for chemical composition including organic and elemental carbons, metals, ions, as well as organic molecular markers. In addition, the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and interleukin-6 (IL-6) were measured by exposing lung epithelial cells (A549) to water extracts of PM2.5 samples. Single pollutant and constituent-PM2.5 joint linear models were used to estimate the associations. Higher PM2.5 mass and measured chemical components were found in cold seasons than in warm seasons due to the greater contributions of secondary inorganic sources, biomass burning, and coal combustion. Water-soluble organic nitrogen (WSON) had the strongest associations with levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines compared to PM2.5 mass and other chemical species in both the one and constituent-PM2.5 joint linear models. Our study is the first to highlight that ambient WSON from diverse sources dominates the inflammatory potential of lung epithelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingyang Liu
- Co-Innovation Center for the Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Biology and the Environment , Nanjing Forestry University , Nanjing , 210037 , China
- Beijing Center for Physical and Chemical Analysis , Beijing , 100089 , China
| | - Jill Baumgartner
- Institute for Health and Social Policy , McGill University , Montreal , Quebec H3A 0G4 , Canada
- Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Occupational Health , McGill University , Montreal , Quebec H3A 1A3 , Canada
| | - James J Schauer
- Environmental Chemistry and Technology Program , University of Wisconsin-Madison , Madison , Wisconsin 53706 , United States
- Wisconsin State Laboratory of Hygiene , University of Wisconsin-Madison , Madison , Wisconsin 53718 , United States
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