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Kaplan G, Beler M, Ünal I, Karagöz A, Eğilmezer G, Üstündağ ÜV, Cansız D, Alturfan AA, Emekli-Alturfan E. Diethylhexyl phthalate exposure amplifies oxidant and inflammatory response in fetal hyperglycemia model predisposing insulin resistance in zebrafish embryos. Toxicol Ind Health 2024; 40:232-243. [PMID: 38467557 DOI: 10.1177/07482337241238475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
Exposure of zebrafish embryos to glucose is a suitable model for the fetal hyperglycemia seen in gestational diabetes. Diethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP), which is considered an endocrine-disrupting chemical, is one of the most common phthalate derivatives used in stretching plastic and is encountered in every area where plastic is used in daily life. In the present study, the effects of DEHP on pathways related to insulin resistance and obesity were examined in zebrafish embryos exposed to glucose as a fetal hyperglycemia model. Zebrafish embryos were exposed to DEHP, glucose, and glucose + DEHP for 72 h post-fertilization (hpf), and developmental parameters and locomotor activities were monitored. At 72 hpf ins, lepa, pparγ, atf4a, and il-6 expressions were determined by RT-PCR. Glucose, lipid peroxidation (LPO), nitric oxide (NO) levels, glutathione S-transferase (GST), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and acetylcholine esterase (AChE) activities were measured spectrophotometrically. Compared with the control group, glucose, LPO, GST activity, il6, and atf4a expressions increased in all exposure groups, while body length, locomotor, and SOD activities decreased. While AChE activity decreased in the DEHP and glucose groups, it increased in the glucose + DEHP group. Although glucose exposure increased pparγ and lepa expressions, DEHP significantly decreased the expressions of pparγ and lepa both in the DEHP and glucose + DEHP groups. Our findings showed that DEHP amplified oxidant and inflammatory responses in this fetal hyperglycemia model, predisposing insulin resistance in zebrafish embryos.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gül Kaplan
- Institute of Health Sciences, Department Biochemistry, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Merih Beler
- Institute of Health Sciences, Department Biochemistry, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ismail Ünal
- Institute of Health Sciences, Department Biochemistry, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Atakan Karagöz
- Institute of Health Sciences, Department Biochemistry, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Gizem Eğilmezer
- Institute of Health Sciences, Department Biochemistry, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ünsal Veli Üstündağ
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Derya Cansız
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - A Ata Alturfan
- Department of Biochemistry, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ebru Emekli-Alturfan
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
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2
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Tan Y, Guo Z, Yao H, Liu H, Fu Y, Luo Y, He R, Liu Y, Li P, Nie L, Tan L, Jing C. Association of phthalate exposure with type 2 diabetes and the mediating effect of oxidative stress: A case-control and computational toxicology study. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2024; 274:116216. [PMID: 38503103 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2024.116216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Revised: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
Phthalic acid esters (PAEs) are widely used as plasticizers and have been suggested to engender adverse effects on glucose metabolism. However, epidemiological data regarding the PAE mixture on type 2 diabetes (T2DM), as well as the mediating role of oxidative stress are scarce. This case-control study enrolled 206 T2DM cases and 206 matched controls in Guangdong Province, southern China. The concentrations of eleven phthalate metabolites (mPAEs) and the oxidative stress biomarker 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) in urine were determined. Additionally, biomarkers of T2DM in paired serum were measured to assess glycemic status and levels of insulin resistance. Significantly positive associations were observed for mono-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (MEHP) and Mono(2-ethyl-5-hydroxyhexyl) phthalate (MEHHP) with T2DM (P < 0.001). Restricted cubic spline modeling revealed a non-linear dose-response relationship between MEHHP and T2DM (Pnon-linear = 0.001). The Bayesian kernel machine regression and quantile g-computation analyses demonstrated a significant positive joint effect of PAE exposure on T2DM risk, with MEHHP being the most significant contributor. The mediation analysis revealed marginal evidence that oxidative stress mediated the association between the mPAEs mixture and T2DM, while 8-OHdG respectively mediated 26.88 % and 12.24 % of MEHP and MEHHP on T2DM risk individually (Pmediation < 0.05). Di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP, the parent compound for MEHP and MEHHP) was used to further examine the potential molecular mechanisms by in silico analysis. Oxidative stress may be crucial in the link between DEHP and T2DM, particularly in the reactive oxygen species metabolic process and glucose import/metabolism. Molecular simulation docking experiments further demonstrated the core role of Peroxisome Proliferator Activated Receptor alpha (PPARα) among the DEHP-induced T2DM. These findings suggest that PAE exposure can alter oxidative stress via PPARα, thereby increasing T2DM risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxuan Tan
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, No.601 Huangpu Ave West, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, PR China; Guangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, No.1 Qide Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510440, PR China
| | - Ziang Guo
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, No.601 Huangpu Ave West, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, PR China
| | - Huojie Yao
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, No.601 Huangpu Ave West, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, PR China
| | - Han Liu
- Department of Endocrine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, No.613 Huangpu Ave West, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510630, PR China
| | - Yingyin Fu
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, No.601 Huangpu Ave West, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, PR China
| | - Yangxu Luo
- Guangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, No.1 Qide Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510440, PR China
| | - Rong He
- Guangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, No.1 Qide Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510440, PR China
| | - Yiwan Liu
- Department of Endocrine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, No.613 Huangpu Ave West, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510630, PR China
| | - Pei Li
- Department of Endocrine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, No.613 Huangpu Ave West, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510630, PR China
| | - Lihong Nie
- Department of Endocrine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, No.613 Huangpu Ave West, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510630, PR China
| | - Lei Tan
- Guangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, No.1 Qide Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510440, PR China.
| | - Chunxia Jing
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, No.601 Huangpu Ave West, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, PR China; Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511443, PR China.
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3
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Li R, Wang J, Wang Y, Lin X, Sun C, Xu L. Telomere length as a modifier in the relationship between phthalate metabolites exposure and glucose homeostasis. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 344:123309. [PMID: 38190874 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2024.123309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
Given the rising concern over the potential impact of environmental factors on metabolic heath, we conducted a cross-sectional analysis among 645 adults aged 20 and older in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), examining the association between nine phthalate metabolites (Mono-n-butyl phthalate (MBP), Mono-ethyl phthalate (MEP), Mono-(2-ethyl)-hexyl phthalate (MEHP), Mono-benzyl phthalate (MBzP), Mono-n-methyl phthalate (MnMP), Mono-(3-carboxy propyl) phthalate (MCPP), Mono-(2-ethyl-5-hydroxyhexyl) phthalate (MEHHP), Mono-(2-ethyl-5-oxohexyl) phthalate (MEOHP), Mono-isobutyl phthalate (MiBP)) and six glucose homeostasis indices (fasting glucose, fasting insulin, hemoglobin A1C (HbA1C), homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), single Point Insulin Sensitivity Estimator (SPISE), and HOMA-β). Latent Class Analysis identified three phthalate metabolites exposure patterns: high MEP-low MEOHP (n = 282), high MBzP-low MEHHP (n = 214), and high MEHHP, MEOHP (n = 149). The high MBzP-low MEHHP and high MEHHP, MEOHP, versus the high MEP-low MEOHP, exposure groups showed significantly higher levels of fasting insulin (β = 0.126, 95% CI: 0.023-0.228), SPISE (β = 0.091, 95% CI: 0.018-0.164), and HOMA-IR (β = 0.091, 95% CI: 0.018-0.164). In the shorter telomere length group, high MEHHP, MEOHP exposure showed an increase in SPISE levels (β = 0.153, 95% CI: 0.037-0.269), while in the overweight/obese subgroup, high MEHHP, MEOHP exposure was significantly positively associated with HOMA-IR (β = 0.392, 95% CI: 0.150-0.735). Bayesian kernel machine regression analyses showed positive associations between higher combined phthalate exposure and increased glucose homeostasis indices (fasting glucose, HbA1C, fasting insulin, SPISE, and HOMA-IR). The quantile of g-calculation analysis also supported the positive associations with HbA1C, HOMA-IR, and fasting insulin. Our findings indicate that phthalate exposure was positively associated with glucose homeostasis indices, which strengthen the call for proactive measures to reduce phthalate exposure and mitigate potential risks to glucose metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruiqiang Li
- School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiao Wang
- School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ying Wang
- School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoyi Lin
- School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ce Sun
- School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lin Xu
- School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Institute of Applied Health Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.
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Perez-Diaz C, Uriz-Martínez M, Ortega-Rico C, Leno-Duran E, Barrios-Rodríguez R, Salcedo-Bellido I, Arrebola JP, Requena P. Phthalate exposure and risk of metabolic syndrome components: A systematic review. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 340:122714. [PMID: 37844863 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.122714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023]
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome is a cluster of conditions that increase the risk of cardiovascular disease, i.e. obesity, insulin resistance, hypertriglyceridemia, low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c) levels and arterial hypertension. Phthalates are environmental chemicals which might influence the risk of the aforementioned disturbances, although the evidence is still controversial. The objective of this work was to synthesize the evidence on the association between human phthalate exposure and metabolic syndrome or any of its components. In this systematic review, the PRISMA guidelines were followed and the literature was search in PubMed, Web of Science and Scopus. Longitudinal and cross-sectional studies were included, the later only if a subclinical marker of disease was evaluated. The methodological quality was assessed with the Newcastle Ottawa Scale and a checklist for Analytical Cross-Sectional Studies developed in the Joanna Briggs Institute. A total of 58 articles were identified that showed high heterogenicity in the specific phthalates assessed, time-window of exposure and duration of follow-up. The quality of the studies was evaluated as high (n = 46, score >7 points) or medium (n = 12, score 4-6). The most frequently studied phthalates were DEHP-MEHP, MBzP and MEP. The evidence revealed a positive association between prenatal (in utero) exposure to most phthalates and markers of obesity in the offspring, but contradictory results when postnatal exposure and obesity were assessed. Moreover, postnatal phthalate exposure showed positive and very consistent associations with markers of diabetes and, to a lesser extent, with triglyceride levels. However, fewer evidence and contradictory results were found for HDL-c levels and markers of hypertension. The suggested mechanisms for these metabolic effects include transcription factor PPAR activation, antagonism of thyroid hormone function, antiandrogenic effects, oxidative stress and inflammation, and epigenetic changes. Nevertheless, as the inconsistency of some results could be related to differences in the study design, future research should aim to standardise the exposure assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celia Perez-Diaz
- Universidad de Granada. Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Pharmacy School. Campus de Cartuja S/n, 18071, Granada, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria (ibs.GRANADA). Avda. de Madrid, 15. Pabellón de Consultas Externas 2, 2(a) Planta, 18012, Granada, Spain
| | - Maialen Uriz-Martínez
- Universidad de Granada. Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Pharmacy School. Campus de Cartuja S/n, 18071, Granada, Spain
| | - Carmen Ortega-Rico
- Universidad de Granada. Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Pharmacy School. Campus de Cartuja S/n, 18071, Granada, Spain
| | - Ester Leno-Duran
- Universidad de Granada. Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Medicine School. Parque Tecnologico de La Salud, Av. de La Investigación, 11, 18016, Granada, Spain.
| | - Rocío Barrios-Rodríguez
- Universidad de Granada. Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Pharmacy School. Campus de Cartuja S/n, 18071, Granada, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria (ibs.GRANADA). Avda. de Madrid, 15. Pabellón de Consultas Externas 2, 2(a) Planta, 18012, Granada, Spain; Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, C/ Monforte de Lemos 3-5, Pabellón 11. Planta 0, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Inmaculada Salcedo-Bellido
- Universidad de Granada. Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Pharmacy School. Campus de Cartuja S/n, 18071, Granada, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria (ibs.GRANADA). Avda. de Madrid, 15. Pabellón de Consultas Externas 2, 2(a) Planta, 18012, Granada, Spain; Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, C/ Monforte de Lemos 3-5, Pabellón 11. Planta 0, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan Pedro Arrebola
- Universidad de Granada. Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Pharmacy School. Campus de Cartuja S/n, 18071, Granada, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria (ibs.GRANADA). Avda. de Madrid, 15. Pabellón de Consultas Externas 2, 2(a) Planta, 18012, Granada, Spain; Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, C/ Monforte de Lemos 3-5, Pabellón 11. Planta 0, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Pilar Requena
- Universidad de Granada. Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Pharmacy School. Campus de Cartuja S/n, 18071, Granada, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria (ibs.GRANADA). Avda. de Madrid, 15. Pabellón de Consultas Externas 2, 2(a) Planta, 18012, Granada, Spain; Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, C/ Monforte de Lemos 3-5, Pabellón 11. Planta 0, 28029 Madrid, Spain
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5
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Chen S, Shi Z, Zhang Q. A physiologically based pharmacokinetic model of diethyl phthalates in humans. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 340:122849. [PMID: 37926418 PMCID: PMC10841618 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.122849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
Phthalates are a family of industrial and consumer product chemicals, among which diethyl phthalate (DEP) has been widely used. DEP is metabolized into the active metabolite monoethyl phthalate (MEP) and exposure to DEP may induce male reproductive toxicity, developmental toxicity and hepatotoxicity. To better assess the toxicity of DEP and MEP, it is important to understand and predict their internal concentrations, especially in reproductive organs. Here we present a human physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model of DEP. Implemented in R, the PBPK model consists of seven tissue compartments, including blood, gut, liver, fat, skin, gonad, and rest of body (RB). In the blood both DEP and MEP partition into free and bound forms, and tissue distribution is considered as blood flow-limited. DEP is metabolized in the gut and liver into MEP which is further glucuronidated and cleared through the urine. The chemical-specific parameters of the model were predicted in silico or estimated based on published human urinary MEP data after exposure to DEP in the air at 250 or 300 μg/m3 for 3 or 6 h through inhalation and dermal absorption. Sensitivity analysis identified important parameters including partition coefficients of DEP for fat, RB, and skin compartments, and the rate constants for glucuronidation of MEP and urinary excretion, with regard to Cmax, area under the curve (AUC), and clearance half-lives of DEP and MEP. A subset of the sensitive parameters was then included in hierarchical population Bayesian Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) simulations to characterize the uncertainty and variability of these parameters. The model is consistent with the notion that dermal absorption represents a significant route of exposure to DEP in ambient air and clothing can be an effective barrier. The developed human PBPK model can be utilized upon further refinement as a quantitative tool for DEP risk assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiyu Chen
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, GA 30322, USA
| | - Zhenzhen Shi
- The Program for Experimental and Theoretical Modeling, Division of Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60660, USA
| | - Qiang Zhang
- Gangarosa Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, GA 30322, USA.
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Zhang S, Cheng X, Jia C, An J, Zhang X, Li P, Guan Y, Yan Y, Zhao Z, Liu Y, Jing T, He M. Association of serum phthalates exposure with incident type 2 diabetes risk in Chinese population: A nested case-control study. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2023; 265:115493. [PMID: 37729699 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.115493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023]
Abstract
Prospective epidemiological evidence was lacking on the association of phthalates (PAEs) exposure with incident type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) risk. In present nested case-control study, we identified 1006 T2DM cases and matched 1006 controls based on Dongfeng-Tongji cohort study, and 6 PAEs were detected in baseline serum. The conditional logistic regression model, Bayesian kernel machine regression (BKMR) model and Quantile-based g-computation were applied to evaluate the associations of determined PAEs, either as individuals or as a mixture, with incident T2DM risk. Subgroup analysis was conducted to identify the potential sensitive population of PAEs effects on T2DM. After multiple adjustment, no statistically significant association was observed between single or mixture of PAEs and incident T2DM risk in the whole population. However, serum levels of Di-n-butyl phthalate (DnBP) [OR= 2.06; 95% CI: (1.11-3.96)], Σdibutyl phthalate (ΣDBP) [OR= 1.96; 95% CI: (1.06-3.76)], and Σlow-molecular- weight phthalate (ΣLMW) [OR= 2.27; 95% CI: (1.17-4.57)] were significantly associated with T2DM in current drinker group. Moreover, significant potential interactions were observed among Di-iso-butyl phthalate (DiBP), DnBP, Butyl-benzyl phthalate (BBP), ΣDBP, and ΣLMW with drinking status on T2DM risk (P for interaction = 0.036, 0.005, 0.049. 0.010, and 0.005). We did not find significant associations between serum PAEs levels and T2DM in the whole population. However, current alcohol drinkers expose to higher levels of DnBP, ΣDBP, and ΣLMW had higher risk of T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiyang Zhang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Rd, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Xu Cheng
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Rd, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Chengyong Jia
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Rd, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Jun An
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Rd, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Rd, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Peiwen Li
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Rd, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Youbing Guan
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Rd, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Yan Yan
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Rd, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Zhuoya Zhao
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Rd, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Yuenan Liu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Rd, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Tao Jing
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Rd, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Meian He
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Rd, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, China.
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7
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Wang X, He W, Wu X, Song X, Yang X, Zhang G, Niu P, Chen T. Exposure to volatile organic compounds is a risk factor for diabetes: A cross-sectional study. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 338:139424. [PMID: 37419158 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.139424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/09/2023]
Abstract
Currently, more studies showed that environmental chemicals were associated with the development of diabetes. However, the effect of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) on diabetes remained uncertain and needed to be studied. This cross-sectional study examined whether exposure to low levels of VOCs was associated with diabetes, insulin resistance (TyG index) and glucose-related indicators (FPG,HbA1c, insulin) in the general population by using the NHANES dataset (2013-2014 and 2015-2016). We analyzed the association between urinary VOC metabolism (mVOCs) and these indicators in 1409 adults by multiple linear regression models or logistic regression models, further Bayesian kernel machine regression (BKMR) models were performed for mixture exposure analysis. The results showed positive associations between multiple mVOCs and diabetes, TyG index, FPG, HbA1c and insulin, respectively. Among them, HPMMA concentration in urine was significantly positively correlated with diabetes and related indicators (TyG index, FPG and HbA1c), and the concentration of CEMA was significantly positively correlated with insulin. The positive association of mVOCs with diabetes and its related indicators was more significant in the female group and in the 40-59 years group. Thus, our study suggested that exposure to VOCs affected insulin resistance and glucose homeostasis, further affecting diabetes levels, which had important public health implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueting Wang
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, 100069, Beijing, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Weifeng He
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, 100069, Beijing, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Xiaojuan Wu
- Department of Endocrinology, Fu Xing Hospital, Capital Medical University, 100038, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Song
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, 100069, Beijing, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Xin Yang
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, 100069, Beijing, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Gaoman Zhang
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, 100069, Beijing, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Piye Niu
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, 100069, Beijing, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China.
| | - Tian Chen
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, 100069, Beijing, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China.
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8
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Mariana M, Cairrao E. The Relationship between Phthalates and Diabetes: A Review. Metabolites 2023; 13:746. [PMID: 37367903 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13060746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Since the beginning of their production, in the 1930s, phthalates have been widely used in the plastics industry to provide durability and elasticity to polymers that would otherwise be rigid, or as solvents in hygiene and cosmetic products. Taking into account their wide range of applications, it is easy to understand why their use has been increasing over the years, making them ubiquitous in the environment. This way, all living organisms are easily exposed to these compounds, which have already been classified as endocrine disruptor compounds (EDC), affecting hormone homeostasis. Along with this increase in phthalate-containing products, the incidence of several metabolic diseases has also been rising, namely diabetes. That said, and considering that factors such as obesity and genetics are not enough to explain this substantial increase, it has been proposed that the exposure to environmental contaminants may also be a risk factor for diabetes. Thus, the aim of this work is to review whether there is an association between the exposure to phthalates and the development of the several forms of diabetes mellitus, during pregnancy, childhood, and adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Mariana
- CICS-UBI-Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Av. Infante D. Henrique s/n, 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal
- FCS-UBI-Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Beira Interior, 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Elisa Cairrao
- CICS-UBI-Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Av. Infante D. Henrique s/n, 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal
- FCS-UBI-Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Beira Interior, 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal
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9
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Mariana M, Castelo-Branco M, Soares AM, Cairrao E. Phthalates' exposure leads to an increasing concern on cardiovascular health. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 457:131680. [PMID: 37269565 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.131680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Revised: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Being an essential component in the plastics industry, phthalates are ubiquitous in the environment and in everyday life. They are considered environmental contaminants that have been classified as endocrine-disrupting compounds. Despite di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP) being the most common plasticizer and the most studied to date, there are many others that, in addition to being widely used in the plastic, are also applied in the medical and pharmaceutical industries and cosmetics. Due to their wide use, phthalates are easily absorbed by the human body where they can disrupt the endocrine system by binding to molecular targets and interfering with hormonal homeostasis. Thus, phthalates exposure has been implicated in the development of several diseases in different age groups. Collecting information from the most recent available literature, this review aims to relate human phthalates' exposure with the development of cardiovascular diseases throughout all ages. Overall, most of the studies presented demonstrated an association between phthalates and several cardiovascular diseases, either from prenatal or postnatal exposure, affecting foetuses, infants, children, young and older adults. However, the mechanisms underlying these effects remain poorly explored. Thus, considering the cardiovascular diseases incidence worldwide and the constant human exposure to phthalates, this topic should be extensively studied to understand the mechanisms involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Mariana
- CICS-UBI - Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Miguel Castelo-Branco
- CICS-UBI - Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal; FCS-UBI - Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Beira Interior, 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Amadeu M Soares
- CESAM - Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Elisa Cairrao
- CICS-UBI - Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal; FCS-UBI - Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Beira Interior, 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal.
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Fan Y, Tao C, Li Z, Huang Y, Yan W, Zhao S, Gao B, Xu Q, Qin Y, Wang X, Peng Z, Covaci A, Li Y, Xia Y, Lu C. Association of Endocrine-Disrupting Chemicals with All-Cause and Cause-Specific Mortality in the U.S.: A Prospective Cohort Study. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023; 57:2877-2886. [PMID: 36728834 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c07611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Wide exposure to endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) poses a great risk on human health. However, few large-scale cohort studies have comprehensively estimated the association between EDCs exposure and mortality risk. This study aimed to investigate the association of urinary EDCs exposure with mortality risk and quantify attributable mortality and economic loss. Multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression models were performed to investigate the association of 38 representative EDCs exposure with mortality risk in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). During a median follow-up of 7.7 years, 47,279 individuals were enrolled. All-cause mortality was positively associated with 1-hydroxynaphthalene, 2-hydroxynaphthalene, cadmium, antimony, cobalt, and monobenzyl phthalate. Cancer mortality was positively associated with cadmium. Cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality was positively associated with 1-hydroxynaphthalene, 2-hydroxynaphthalene, and 2-hydroxyfluorene. Nonlinear U-shaped relationships were found between all-cause mortality and cadmium and cobalt, which was also identified between 2-hydroxyfluorene and CVD mortality. J-shaped association of cadmium exposure with cancer mortality was also determined. EDCs exposure may cause 56.52% of total deaths (1,528,500 deaths) and around 1,897 billion USD in economic costs. Exposure to certain phthalates, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, phytoestrogens, or toxic metals, even at substantially low levels, is significantly associated with mortality and induces high economic costs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
- Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
- Department of Microbes and Infection, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Chengzhe Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
- Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Zhi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
- Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Yuna Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
- Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Wenkai Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
- Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Shuangshuang Zhao
- Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210004, China
| | - Beibei Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
- Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Qiaoqiao Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
- Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Yufeng Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
- Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
- Department of Microbes and Infection, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Xinru Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
- Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Zhihang Peng
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Adrian Covaci
- Toxicological Center, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk 2610, Belgium
| | - You Li
- Department of Epidemiology, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Yankai Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
- Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Chuncheng Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
- Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
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Dubey P, Reddy SY, Singh V, Shi T, Coltharp M, Clegg D, Dwivedi AK. Association of Exposure to Phthalate Metabolites With Sex Hormones, Obesity, and Metabolic Syndrome in US Women. JAMA Netw Open 2022; 5:e2233088. [PMID: 36149653 PMCID: PMC9508659 DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2022.33088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Obesity and metabolic syndrome are highly prevalent among the US population and are associated with the dysregulation of sex hormones. An increase in obesity and metabolic syndrome may also be associated with exposure to phthalates. The association of exposure to phthalate metabolites with sex hormones and metabolic health has been understudied in the female population. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the association between exposure to common phthalate metabolites with total testosterone (TT) levels, sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) levels, obesity, and metabolic syndrome among women. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS This cross-sectional study used data collected from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey during 2013 to 2016. Female participants aged 15 years or older with urinary profiles containing common phthalate metabolites were included in this study. Statistical analyses were performed from March 15, 2021, to April 30, 2022. EXPOSURES Urinary concentrations of phthalate metabolites were classified into tertiles, and the lowest tertile was used as a reference category. The concentrations of phthalate metabolites and their composite scores based on clustering were also used in the analysis. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Serum concentrations of TT and SHBG were dichotomized into high TT levels (>46 ng/dL [to convert to nanomoles per liter, multiply by 0.0347] for age <50 years and >32 ng/dL for age ≥50 years) and low SHBG levels (<2.85 μg/mL [to convert to nanomoles per liter, multiply by 10.53]) as established for the female population. Obesity was defined as a body mass index of 30 or more (calculated as weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared), and metabolic syndrome was defined using the National Cholesterol Education Program criteria. The serum concentrations of TT and SHBG were also included in the validation analyses. Modified Poisson models were used to estimate the adjusted relative risk (RR) with 95% CIs for the associations. RESULTS Among the 2004 women included in this study, the mean (SD) age was 46.6 (18.5) years (14.7% Hispanic participants, 62.7% non-Hispanic White participants, and 13.2% non-Hispanic Black participants; 17.4% of participants were born outside the US [weighted percentages]; 230 (11.8%) had high TT levels, 210 (10.4%) had low SHBG levels, 825 (39.8%) had obesity, and 965 (45.5%) had metabolic syndrome (weighted percentages). Of the 13 phthalate metabolites, 8 had the highest tertile level greater than 6.2 ng/mL (range, 0.5-75.2 ng/mL). High levels of exposure to mono(2-ethyl-5-carboxypentyl) phthalate (RR, 1.84 [95% CI, 1.33-2.54]), mono(2-ethyl-5-oxohexyl) phthalate (RR, 1.77 [95% CI, 1.21-2.59]), mono(2-ethyl-5-hydroxyhexyl) phthalate (RR, 1.94 [95% CI, 1.34-2.81]), and monobenzyl phthalate (RR, 1.75 [95% CI, 1.21-2.54]) were associated with low SHBG levels but not with high TT levels. High levels of exposure to some of these metabolites were also associated with obesity and metabolic syndrome. Most associations were specific to premenopausal or postmenopausal women. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE In this cross-sectional study, exposure to certain phthalate metabolites could be associated with low SHBG levels, obesity, and metabolic syndrome depending on menopausal status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pallavi Dubey
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, El Paso
| | - Sireesha Y. Reddy
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, El Paso
| | - Vishwajeet Singh
- Office of Research, Biostatistics and Epidemiology Consulting Lab, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, El Paso
| | - Ted Shi
- Department of Medical Education, Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, El Paso
| | - Mallorie Coltharp
- Department of Medical Education, Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, El Paso
| | - Deborah Clegg
- Department of Internal Medicine, Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, El Paso
| | - Alok K. Dwivedi
- Office of Research, Biostatistics and Epidemiology Consulting Lab, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, El Paso
- Division of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, El Paso
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12
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Protective effects of polyphenols against endocrine disrupting chemicals. Food Sci Biotechnol 2022; 31:905-934. [DOI: 10.1007/s10068-022-01105-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Revised: 04/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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13
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Zhang H, Ben Y, Han Y, Zhang Y, Li Y, Chen X. Phthalate exposure and risk of diabetes mellitus: Implications from a systematic review and meta-analysis. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 204:112109. [PMID: 34562484 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.112109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Revised: 09/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epidemiologic studies indicated that phthalate exposure might be associated with diabetes mellitus (DM). However, discrepancies existed. The link between phthalate exposure and risk of DM remained unclarified. METHODS We conducted a meta-analysis to explore the association between phthalate exposure and risk of DM. Effects of phthalate exposure on insulin resistance were also evaluated by systematic review. RESULTS Seven studies involving 12,139 participants were included in this meta-analysis. Our results showed that urinary concentrations of phthalates were positively associated with risk of DM. The pooled ORs were 3.11 (95% CI: 1.16-8.37) for monomethyl phthalate (MMP), 1.27 (95% CI: 1.03-1.56) for mono-n-butyl phthalate (MnBP), 2.59 (95% CI: 1.10-6.10) for mono-isobutyl phthalate (MiBP), 1.99 (95% CI: 1.52-2.61) for mono-(2-ethyl-5-hydroxyhexyl) phthalate (MEHHP), 1.90 (95% CI: 1.40-2.57) for mono-(2-ethyl-5-oxohexyl) phthalate (MEOHP), 1.55 (95% CI: 1.10-2.20) for mono-(2-ethyl-5-carboxypentyl) phthalate (MECPP), and 2.39 (95% CI: 1.18-4.85) for mono-(3-carboxypropyl) phthalate (MCPP), respectively. Molar summation of di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate metabolites (∑DEHP) was also found to be correlated with risk of DM (OR 2.15, 95% CI: 1.48-3.13). No significant association with risk of DM was found regarding monoethyl phthalate (MEP), monobenzyl phthalate (MBzP) and mono(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (MEHP). In literature review, most studies showed positive correlations of phthalates, especially ∑DEHP, with homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance and fasting glucose. CONCLUSION Exposure to phthalates, especially MMP, MnBP, MiBP, MCPP and DEHP metabolites, might be a risk factor of DM. Our results should be interpreted with caution due to heterogeneous design of enrolled studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Zhang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, 350007, China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Fuzhou, 350007, China
| | - Yujie Ben
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Soil and Groundwater Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Integrated Surface Water-Groundwater Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Yonghe Han
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, 350007, China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Fuzhou, 350007, China
| | - Yong Zhang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, 350007, China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Fuzhou, 350007, China
| | - Yu Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Soil and Groundwater Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Integrated Surface Water-Groundwater Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Xinwang Chen
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, 350001, China.
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Wu M, Tang J, Zhou X, Lei D, Zeng C, Ye H, Cai T, Zhang Q. Isolation of Dibutyl Phthalate-Degrading Bacteria and Its Coculture with Citrobacter freundii CD-9 to Degrade Fenvalerate. J Microbiol Biotechnol 2022; 32:176-186. [PMID: 35058397 PMCID: PMC9628840 DOI: 10.4014/jmb.2110.10048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Revised: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Continued fenvalerate use has caused serious environmental pollution and requires large-scale remediation. Dibutyl phthalate (DBP) was discovered in fenvalerate metabolites degraded by Citrobacter freundii CD-9. Coculturing is an effective method for bioremediation, but few studies have analyzed the degradation pathways and potential mechanisms of cocultures. Here, a DBP-degrading strain (BDBP 071) was isolated from soil contaminated with pyrethroid pesticides (PPs) and identified as Stenotrophomonas acidaminiphila. The optimum conditions for DBP degradation were determined by response surface methodology (RSM) analysis to be 30.9 mg/l DBP concentration, pH 7.5, at a culture temperature of 37.2°C. Under the optimized conditions, approximately 88% of DBP was degraded within 48 h and five metabolites were detected. Coculturing C. freundii CD-9 and S. acidaminiphila BDBP 071 promoted fenvalerate degradation. When CD-9 was cultured for 16 h before adding BDBP 071, the strain inoculation ratio was 5:5 (v/v), fenvalerate concentration was 75.0 mg/l, fenvalerate was degraded to 84.37 ± 1.25%, and DBP level was reduced by 5.21 mg/l. In addition, 12 fenvalerate metabolites were identified and a pathway for fenvalerate degradation by the cocultured strains was proposed. These results provide theoretical data for further exploration of the mechanisms used by this coculture system to degrade fenvalerate and DBP, and also offer a promising method for effective bioremediation of PPs and their related metabolites in polluted environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Wu
- Key Laboratory of Food Biotechnology, College of Food and Bioengineering, Xihua University, Chengdu 610039, Sichuan, P.R. China
| | - Jie Tang
- Key Laboratory of Food Biotechnology, College of Food and Bioengineering, Xihua University, Chengdu 610039, Sichuan, P.R. China,Corresponding authors J. Tang Phone: +86-28-87720552 Fax: +86-28-87720552 E-mail:
| | - Xuerui Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Food Biotechnology, College of Food and Bioengineering, Xihua University, Chengdu 610039, Sichuan, P.R. China
| | - Dan Lei
- Key Laboratory of Food Biotechnology, College of Food and Bioengineering, Xihua University, Chengdu 610039, Sichuan, P.R. China
| | - Chaoyi Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Food Biotechnology, College of Food and Bioengineering, Xihua University, Chengdu 610039, Sichuan, P.R. China
| | - Hong Ye
- Key Laboratory of Food Biotechnology, College of Food and Bioengineering, Xihua University, Chengdu 610039, Sichuan, P.R. China
| | - Ting Cai
- Key Laboratory of Food Biotechnology, College of Food and Bioengineering, Xihua University, Chengdu 610039, Sichuan, P.R. China
| | - Qing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Food Biotechnology, College of Food and Bioengineering, Xihua University, Chengdu 610039, Sichuan, P.R. China,
Q. Zhang E-mail:
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Endocrine-Disrupting Chemicals and Their Adverse Effects on the Endoplasmic Reticulum. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031581. [PMID: 35163501 PMCID: PMC8836273 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2021] [Revised: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
There is growing concern regarding the health and safety issues of endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs). Long-term exposure to EDCs has serious adverse health effects through both hormone-direct and hormone-indirect ways. Accordingly, some EDCs can be a pathogen and an inducer to the susceptibility of disease, even if they have a very low affinity on the estrogen receptor, or no estrogenic effect. Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress recently attracted attention in this research area. Because ER and ER stress could be key regulators of the EDC’s adverse effects, such as the malfunction of the organ, as well as the death, apoptosis, and proliferation of a cell. In this review, we focused on finding evidence which shows that EDCs could be a trigger for ER stress and provide specific examples of EDCs, which are known to cause ER stress currently.
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16
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Karabulut G, Barlas N. The possible effects of mono butyl phthalate (MBP) and mono (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (MEHP) on INS-1 pancreatic beta cells. Toxicol Res (Camb) 2021; 10:601-612. [PMID: 34141174 DOI: 10.1093/toxres/tfab045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Revised: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Mono-2-ethyhexyl phthalate (MEHP), an environmental xenoestrogen, is widely used in the production of polyvinyl chloride materials and can be easily accumulated in human body. MBP is the active monoester metabolite of di butyl phthalate that is widely used as plasticizer in many products such as plastic toys, food packaging, personal care products, as well as an additive in lubricants, eliminating foams, and lotions. The presented in-vitro cytotoxicity study focused on time-dependent and combinatory exposure scenarios. We chose these phthalates because they are posed a considerable interest because of their contribution to insulin resistance, type-2 diabetes and obesity. All experiments performed in INS-1 pancreatic beta cells show moderate cytotoxicity with a time-dependent increase in effectiveness. INS-1 cells were treated with 0.001, 0.01, 0.1, 1, or 10-μM MEHP and MBP for 24, 48, and 72 h. Our results showed that cell viability was decreased and total oxidant levels were increased. Also, mRNA expression levels with asscociated beta cells were measured and for MBP dose groups, all mRNA expression levels were decreased. In conclusion, these findings suggest that, MEHP and MBP are have a negative and distruptor role on pancreatic beta cells and it will be linked with insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gözde Karabulut
- Dumlupınar University, Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, 43100, Evliya Çelebi Campus, Andız Mahallesi, Kütahya, Turkey
| | - Nurhayat Barlas
- Hacettepe University, Science Faculty, Department of Bİology, 06800, Beytepe Campus, Beytepe Mahallesi, Ankara, Turkey
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Relationship of Urinary Phthalate Metabolites with Cardiometabolic Risk Factors and Oxidative Stress Markers in Children and Adolescents. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 2021:5514073. [PMID: 33995534 PMCID: PMC8096563 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5514073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Revised: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Introduction Studies have proved that exposure of adults to phthalates might be related to cardiometabolic risk factors and changes in markers of oxidative stress. Such studies conducted on school-age children and adolescents are limited and fail to assess the simultaneous effect of phthalates on these risk factors and oxidative stress markers. Therefore, it was attempted to identify the relationship of urinary phthalate metabolites with cardiometabolic risk factors and oxidative stress markers in children and adolescents. Methods. In this cross-sectional study, 108 children and adolescents, living in Isfahan industrial city of Iran, were examined. Urine samples taken from the participants were analyzed for mono-butyl phthalate (MBP), mono-benzyl phthalate (MBzP), mono-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (MEHP), mono-(2-ethyl-5-hydroxyhexyl) phthalate (MEHHP), mono-(2-ethyl-5-exohexyl) phthalate (MEOHP), and mono-methyl phthalate (MMP). Results Results showed that, among phthalate metabolites, MBP had the highest concentration, followed by MBzP, MEOHP, MEHHP, MEHP, and MMP. Concentrations of these metabolites had a significant relationship with some of the cardiometabolic risk factors including systolic blood pressure (SBP), fasting blood sugar (FBS), and triglycerides (TG) (p < 0.05). Furthermore, the crude and adjusted linear regression models indicated the significant association of phthalate metabolites with superoxide dismutase (SOD), malondialdehyde (MDA), and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) (p < 0.05). Conclusion Although urinary phthalate concentrations could not exactly reflect the long-term exposure level in the studied age groups, the consumption of phthalate-free products during childhood and adolescent development shall be assumed helpful in maintaining a healthy lifestyle. To confirm these findings and develop effective intervention strategies, it would be necessary to perform longitudinal studies on diverse population.
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18
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Callaghan MA, Alatorre-Hinojosa S, Connors LT, Singh RD, Thompson JA. Plasticizers and Cardiovascular Health: Role of Adipose Tissue Dysfunction. Front Pharmacol 2021; 11:626448. [PMID: 33716730 PMCID: PMC7947604 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.626448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Since the 1950s, the production of plastics has increased 200-fold, reaching 360 million tonnes in 2019. Plasticizers, additives that modify the flexibility and rigidity of the product, are ingested as they migrate into food and beverages. Human exposure is continuous and widespread; between 75 and 97% of urine samples contain detectable levels of bisphenols and phthalates, the most common plasticizers. Concern over the toxicity of plasticizers arose in the late 1990s, largely focused around adverse developmental and reproductive effects. More recently, many studies have demonstrated that exposure to plasticizers increases the risk for obesity, type 2 diabetes, and cardiovascular disease (CVD). In the 2000s, many governments including Canada, the United States and European countries restricted the use of certain plasticizers in products targeted towards infants and children. Resultant consumer pressure motivated manufacturers to substitute plasticizers with analogues, which have been marketed as safe. However, data on the effects of these new substitutes are limited and data available to-date suggest that many exhibit similar properties to the chemicals they replaced. The adverse effects of plasticizers have largely been attributed to their endocrine disrupting properties, which modulate hormone signaling. Adipose tissue has been well-documented to be a target of the disrupting effects of both bisphenols and phthalates. Since adipose tissue function is a key determinant of cardiovascular health, adverse effects of plasticizers on adipocyte signaling and function may underlie their link to cardiovascular disease. Herein, we discuss the current evidence linking bisphenols and phthalates to obesity and CVD and consider how documented impacts of these plasticizers on adipocyte function may contribute to the development of CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikyla A Callaghan
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Libin Cardiovascular Institute, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | | | - Liam T Connors
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Libin Cardiovascular Institute, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Radha D Singh
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Libin Cardiovascular Institute, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Jennifer A Thompson
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Libin Cardiovascular Institute, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Alberta Children's Health Research Institute, Calgary, AB, Canada
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Kahn LG, Philippat C, Nakayama SF, Slama R, Trasande L. Endocrine-disrupting chemicals: implications for human health. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol 2020; 8:703-718. [PMID: 32707118 PMCID: PMC7437820 DOI: 10.1016/s2213-8587(20)30129-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 315] [Impact Index Per Article: 78.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Revised: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Since reports published in 2015 and 2016 identified 15 probable exposure-outcome associations, there has been an increase in studies in humans of exposure to endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) and a deepened understanding of their effects on human health. In this Series paper, we have reviewed subsequent additions to the literature and identified new exposure-outcome associations with substantial human evidence. Evidence is particularly strong for relations between perfluoroalkyl substances and child and adult obesity, impaired glucose tolerance, gestational diabetes, reduced birthweight, reduced semen quality, polycystic ovarian syndrome, endometriosis, and breast cancer. Evidence also exists for relations between bisphenols and adult diabetes, reduced semen quality, and polycystic ovarian syndrome; phthalates and prematurity, reduced anogenital distance in boys, childhood obesity, and impaired glucose tolerance; organophosphate pesticides and reduced semen quality; and occupational exposure to pesticides and prostate cancer. Greater evidence has accumulated than was previously identified for cognitive deficits and attention-deficit disorder in children following prenatal exposure to bisphenol A, organophosphate pesticides, and polybrominated flame retardants. Although systematic evaluation is needed of the probability and strength of these exposure-outcome relations, the growing evidence supports urgent action to reduce exposure to EDCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda G Kahn
- Department of Pediatrics, New York University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Claire Philippat
- University Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, CNRS, Team of Environmental Epidemiology applied to Reproduction and Respiratory Health, Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Grenoble, France
| | - Shoji F Nakayama
- Center for Health and Environmental Risk Research, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Rémy Slama
- University Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, CNRS, Team of Environmental Epidemiology applied to Reproduction and Respiratory Health, Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Grenoble, France
| | - Leonardo Trasande
- Department of Pediatrics, New York University, New York, NY, USA; Department of Environmental Medicine, and Department of Population Health, New York University Grossman School of Medicine and New York University School of Global Public Health, New York University, New York, NY, USA.
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20
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Wang G, Chen Q, Tian P, Wang L, Li X, Lee YK, Zhao J, Zhang H, Chen W. Gut microbiota dysbiosis might be responsible to different toxicity caused by Di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate exposure in murine rodents. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 261:114164. [PMID: 32088434 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.114164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2019] [Revised: 01/23/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) is widely used as a plasticizer, which can enter the body through a variety of ways and exerted multiple harmful effects, including liver toxicity, reproductive toxicity and even glucose metabolism disorder. Many studies have suggested that changes of gut microbiota are closely related to the occurrence of various diseases, but the effects of DEHP exposure on gut microbiota are still unclear. It was found in this study that the damage to different tissues by DEHP on two strains each from two different species of male rodents before puberty was dose and time of exposure dependent, and also depending on the strain and species of rodent. Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats showed highest sensitivity to DEHP exposure, with most severe organ damage, highest Th1 inflammatory response and most significant body weight gain. Correspondingly, the gut microbiota of SD rats showed most significant changes after DEHP exposure. Only SD rats, but not Wistar rats, BALB/c and C57BL/6J mice showed an increase in Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio and Proteobacteria abundance in the fecal samples, which are known to associate with obesity and diabetes. This is consistent with the increasing body weight gain which was only found in SD rats. In addition, the decrease in the level of butyrate, increase in the abundance of potential pathogens and microbial genes linked to colorectal cancer, Parkinson's disease, and type 2 diabetes in the SD rats were associated with issue and functional damages and Th1 inflammatory response caused by DEHP exposure. We postulate that the differential effects of DEHP on gut microbiota may be an important cause of the differences in the toxicity on different strains and species of rodents to DEHP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, PR China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, PR China
| | - Qian Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, PR China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, PR China
| | - Peijun Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, PR China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, PR China
| | - Linlin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, PR China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, PR China
| | - Xiu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, PR China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, PR China
| | - Yuan-Kun Lee
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117597, Singapore
| | - Jianxin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, PR China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, PR China; International Joint Research Laboratory for Probiotics, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, PR China; (Yangzhou) Institute of Food Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Yangzhou 225004, PR China
| | - Hao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, PR China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, PR China; (Yangzhou) Institute of Food Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Yangzhou 225004, PR China; National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, PR China; Wuxi Translational Medicine Research Center and Jiangsu Translational Medicine Research Institute Wuxi Branch, Wuxi 214122, PR China
| | - Wei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, PR China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, PR China; National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, PR China; Beijing Innovation Centre of Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology and Business University (BTBU), Beijing 100048, PR China.
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Ye Z, Ma M, Guo Y, Zong M, Ding M, Fan L. Determination of Phthalate and Metabolites in Human Urine by Lithium Bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide-Enhanced Dual Microextraction Method Optimized by Central Composite Design. Chromatographia 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s10337-020-03858-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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22
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Tahergorabi Z, Zardast M, Naghizadeh A, Mansouri B, Nakhaei I, Zangouei M. Effect of aluminium phosphide (ALP) gas inhalation exposure on adipose tissue characteristics and histological toxicity in male rats. JOURNAL OF TAIBAH UNIVERSITY FOR SCIENCE 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/16583655.2020.1820155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zoya Tahergorabi
- Medical Toxicology and Drug Abuse Research Center (MTDRC), Birjand University of Medical Sciences (BUMS), Birjand, Iran
| | - Mahmoud Zardast
- Medical Toxicology and Drug Abuse Research Center (MTDRC), Birjand University of Medical Sciences (BUMS), Birjand, Iran
| | - Ali Naghizadeh
- Medical Toxicology and Drug Abuse Research Center (MTDRC), Birjand University of Medical Sciences (BUMS), Birjand, Iran
| | - Borhan Mansouri
- Medical Toxicology and Drug Abuse Research Center (MTDRC), Birjand University of Medical Sciences (BUMS), Birjand, Iran
| | - Iman Nakhaei
- School of Medicine, Brigand University of Medical Sciences (BUMS), Birjand, Iran
| | - Mohsen Zangouei
- School of Medicine, Brigand University of Medical Sciences (BUMS), Birjand, Iran
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Hassan S, Ali R, Shah D, Sajjad N, Qadir J. Bisphenol A and Phthalates Exhibit Similar Toxicogenomics and Health Effects. HANDBOOK OF RESEARCH ON ENVIRONMENTAL AND HUMAN HEALTH IMPACTS OF PLASTIC POLLUTION 2020. [DOI: 10.4018/978-1-5225-9452-9.ch014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Bisphenol A and phthalates are most frequently detected organic pollutants found in our surroundings because of their regular use as plasticizers in daily use polymeric products. BPA is used in manufacturing baby feeding bottles, water pipes, canned food linings, and food packaging materials. Phthalates are used in polyvinyl chloride products including clothing, toys, medical devices, and food packaging. These chemicals are not bound to the matrix and leach out into the surroundings on slight change in the environment, like alteration in pH, temperature, and pressure. Humans are continuously exposed to these chemicals through skin contact, inhalation, or ingestion when the leachates enter food, drinks, air, water, or soil. The Comparative Toxicogenomics Database (CTD) revealed that Bisphenol A has 1932 interactions with genes/proteins and few frequently used phthalates (DEHP, MEHP, DBP, BBP, and MBP) showed 484 gene/protein interactions. Similar toxicogenomics and adverse effects of Bisphenol A and phthalates on human health are attributed to their 89 common interacting genes/proteins.
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Misra BB, Misra A. The chemical exposome of type 2 diabetes mellitus: Opportunities and challenges in the omics era. Diabetes Metab Syndr 2020; 14:23-38. [PMID: 31838434 DOI: 10.1016/j.dsx.2019.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a global silent killer, with > 450 million affected adults worldwide. A diverse array of non-modifiable risk factors such as family history, age (> 45 yrs), race/ethnicity, genetics, and history of gestational diabetes and modifiable risk factors such as physical inactivity, high body fat, body weight, high blood pressure, and high cholesterol for progression of prediabetes to T2DM. Given, that the modern world human population is constantly exposed to multiple stressors in the form of physical (i.e., sound, weather etc.) and chemical environment (i.e., diet, pollutants etc.), industrialization, and modernization has led to form a basis for exposomal correlation with T2DM incidence. Over the past decade, there have been emerging reports on association of levels of persistent organic pollutants (POPs), phthalates, antibiotics, drugs, air pollution, pesticides, and heavy metals with T2DM. In this review, we discuss the well known chemical exposome that has been associated with T2DM; the tools and approaches to capture this chemical exposome, and future opportunities and challenges in this exciting area of research. We further provide a window of thoughts, whether omics technologies can help fill in the gaps to help provide high throughput exposomics datasets in an unbiased manner to help understand T2DM pathophysiology in the context of industrialization, drastic lifestyle changes, urbanization, and pollution. We also discuss and provide guidelines/call to action for future exposomics studies investigating the association of T2DM with exposomes in the context of both epidemiological and experimental approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biswapriya B Misra
- Center for Precision Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Molecular Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, 27157, NC, USA
| | - Anoop Misra
- Diabetes Foundation (India), Safdarjung Development Area, New Delhi, India; Fortis C-DOC Centre of Excellence for Diabetes, Metabolic Diseases and Endocrinology, Chirag Enclave, Nehru Place, New Delhi, India.
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25
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Ribeiro C, Mendes V, Peleteiro B, Delgado I, Araújo J, Aggerbeck M, Annesi-Maesano I, Sarigiannis D, Ramos E. Association between the exposure to phthalates and adiposity: A meta-analysis in children and adults. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2019; 179:108780. [PMID: 31610390 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2019.108780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Revised: 09/10/2019] [Accepted: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exposure to environmental chemicals has become one of the major concerns in the past decades. Phthalates are a family of synthetic organic chemicals used in the manufacture of plastics, solvents, and personal care products. These compounds are considered as endocrine-disrupting compounds (EDCs) since they may interfere with the endocrine system and disrupt its physiologic function. AIM The purpose of this work is to synthesize results from published literature on the association between the exposure to phthalates and adiposity in adults and children. METHODS We searched PubMed from inception up to 01 August 2019, to retrieve original papers reporting data on the association between EDCs and adiposity, using the following search expression: (("Endocrine disruptor" OR Endocrine disruptor[mh] OR phthalate) AND (Obesity OR Overweight OR BMI OR "Body fat" OR Adipose tissue[mh] OR Body size[mh] OR "body size" OR "body weight" OR Anthropometry OR "anthropometric measures")) AND (humans[mh]). The study variables and characteristics were collected during data extraction, namely the study design, sample, exposure, outcome, descriptive and association measures. Study quality was assessed using the STROBE template for observational studies. Although studies examined several adiposity measures, Body Mass Index (BMI) and Waist Circumference (WC) were the most commonly used, therefore, we used the beta coefficients regarding BMI and WC, and odds ratios when BMI outcome was categorical to perform the meta-analysis. Data from the studies were combined using fixed effects meta-analyses to compute summary regression coefficients or odds ratios and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (95% CI). Heterogeneity between studies was assessed by the I2 statistic. RESULTS In the systematic review we found 29 publications addressing the association between phthalate compounds and adiposity. The vast majority of the included studies reported associations that were not statistically significant. For most of the phthalate compounds there were few studies providing compatible measures and therefore it was not possible to combine the results in a meta-analysis. Both for BMI and WC, the meta-analysis for MiBP, MCPP and MbzP showed negative associations and null association for MBP in children, although none of them was significant. For MEP, positive but not significant associations were found both in children and adults. Conversely, for MEHP a negative association was found also in children and adults although it did not reach statistical significance. Only for MECPP a significant association was found for obesity in adults (OR = 1.67 (95% CI 1.30; 2.16). CONCLUSION In general, a positive association between phthalates and adiposity measures was found, especially in adults. However, most of the results did not reach statistical significance and the inconsistencies found between studies did not allow to reach a definitive conclusion. Additionally, we cannot exclude a possible effect of publication bias.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cláudia Ribeiro
- EPIUnit - Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade Do Porto, Rua das Taipas nº 135, 4050-600, Porto, Portugal; Departamento de Ciências da Saúde Pública e Forenses e Educação Médica, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade Do Porto, Al. Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319, Porto, Portugal
| | - Vânia Mendes
- EPIUnit - Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade Do Porto, Rua das Taipas nº 135, 4050-600, Porto, Portugal
| | - Bárbara Peleteiro
- EPIUnit - Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade Do Porto, Rua das Taipas nº 135, 4050-600, Porto, Portugal; Departamento de Ciências da Saúde Pública e Forenses e Educação Médica, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade Do Porto, Al. Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319, Porto, Portugal
| | - Inês Delgado
- EPIUnit - Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade Do Porto, Rua das Taipas nº 135, 4050-600, Porto, Portugal
| | - Joana Araújo
- EPIUnit - Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade Do Porto, Rua das Taipas nº 135, 4050-600, Porto, Portugal
| | - Martine Aggerbeck
- INSERM UMR-S 1124, Toxicologie Pharmacologie et Signalisation Cellulaire, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, UFR des Sciences Fondamentales et Biomédicales, 45 Rue des Saints Pères, 75006, Paris, France
| | - Isabella Annesi-Maesano
- Sorbonne Université and INSERM, Epidemiology of Allergic and Respiratory Diseases Dept (EPAR), Pierre Louis Institute of Epidemiology and Public Health (IPLESP UMRS 1136), Saint-Antoine Medical School, Paris, France
| | - Denis Sarigiannis
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Elisabete Ramos
- EPIUnit - Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade Do Porto, Rua das Taipas nº 135, 4050-600, Porto, Portugal; Departamento de Ciências da Saúde Pública e Forenses e Educação Médica, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade Do Porto, Al. Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319, Porto, Portugal.
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Li MC, Mínguez-Alarcón L, Bellavia A, Williams PL, James-Todd T, Hauser R, Chavarro JE, Chiu YH. Serum beta-carotene modifies the association between phthalate mixtures and insulin resistance: The National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2003-2006. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2019; 178:108729. [PMID: 31521963 PMCID: PMC6759414 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2019.108729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2019] [Revised: 08/16/2019] [Accepted: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Animal models suggest a protective role of antioxidants against the adverse effect of di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP) on insulin resistance. However, no epidemiologic study has examined the effects observed in the animal model. We conduct a study to examine associations of urinary concentrations of phthalate metabolites (individually and as a mixture) with insulin resistance, along with potential effect modification by serum antioxidant concentrations. This cross-sectional study included 1605 participants (51% males) aged 12-85 from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (2003-2006). Urinary concentrations of 9 phthalate metabolites were measured from spot urine samples. Antioxidant (vitamin A, C, E, and carotenoids) concentrations were measured from a fasting serum sample. We used Bayesian Kernel Machine Regression (BKMR) to evaluate associations between phthalate metabolite mixtures and insulin resistance, and examined whether serum antioxidant levels modified these associations, while accounting for the correlations of multiple concurrent exposures. A change in urinary ΣDEHP concentrations from the 25th to the 75th percentile was associated with a higher log HOMA-IR of 0.07 (95% CI = 0.01, 0.14) (4.85% increase in HOMA-IR). In contrast, the same change in urinary monoethyl phthalate (MEP) was associated with a lower HOMA-IR of -0.07 (95% CI = -0.14, -0.02) (6.68% decrease in HOMA-IR). The positive association between ΣDEHP and HOMA-IR became weaker at higher concentrations of serum β-carotene. The relationship between MEP and HOMA-IR, however, was not modified by the serum antioxidants examined. The remaining phthalate metabolites were unrelated to HOMA-IR. In this cross-sectional study, the positive association between DEHP exposure and insulin resistance weakened among participants with higher concentrations of serum β-carotene. As this is the first human report on the protective role of serum β-carotene on DEHP induced insulin resistance, future studies are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Chieh Li
- Department of Public Health, China Medical University College of Public Health, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan
| | - Lidia Mínguez-Alarcón
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Andrea Bellavia
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, 02115, USA; Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Paige L Williams
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, 02115, USA; Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Tamarra James-Todd
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, 02115, USA; Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Russ Hauser
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, 02115, USA; Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, 02115, USA; Vincent Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Jorge E Chavarro
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, 02115, USA; Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, 02115, USA; Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard, Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Yu-Han Chiu
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, 02115, USA; Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
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Radke EG, Galizia A, Thayer KA, Cooper GS. Phthalate exposure and metabolic effects: a systematic review of the human epidemiological evidence. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2019; 132:104768. [PMID: 31196577 PMCID: PMC9472300 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2019.04.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2018] [Revised: 04/15/2019] [Accepted: 04/17/2019] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We performed a systematic review of the epidemiology literature to identify the metabolic effects associated with phthalate exposure. DATA SOURCES AND STUDY ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA Six phthalates were included in the review: di(2‑ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP), diisononyl phthalate (DINP), dibutyl phthalate (DBP), diisobutyl phthalate (DIBP), butyl benzyl phthalate (BBP), and diethyl phthalate (DEP). The initial literature search (of PubMed, Web of Science, and Toxline) included all studies of metabolic effects in humans, and outcomes were selected for full systematic review based on data availability. STUDY EVALUATION AND SYNTHESIS METHODS Studies of diabetes and insulin resistance were evaluated using criteria defined a priori for risk of bias and sensitivity by two reviewers using a domain-based approach; studies identified with a pre-defined critical deficiency were excluded. Evidence was synthesized by outcome and phthalate and strength of evidence was summarized using a structured framework. Studies of obesity and renal effects received "screening level" reviews to determine whether full systematic review was warranted. RESULTS The primary outcomes reviewed here are (number of included/excluded studies in parentheses): type 2 diabetes (1/3), insulin resistance (13/3), and impaired glucose tolerance and blood glucose in pregnancy (4/2). For DEHP exposure, there was consistency among studies of insulin resistance and coherence with the single included study of diabetes, as well as an observed exposure-response gradient observed in a study of insulin resistance. This evidence is considered moderate. Similarly, for DBP and DIBP exposure, the evidence is considered moderate due to strong positive associations in the diabetes study and coherent results for insulin resistance. For DINP, BBP, and DEP, the evidence is considered slight. No association was reported in the single study of diabetes with BBP and DEP exposure (DINP was not investigated). The available evidence does indicate an association between exposure to these phthalates and insulin resistance, but the small number of studies and the lack of coherence with diabetes decreases confidence. The screening level reviews for obesity and renal effects determined that the currently available evidence is inadequate to assess the associations between these outcomes and phthalate exposure. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS OF KEY FINDINGS Overall, these results support that phthalate exposure at levels seen in human populations may have metabolic effects. Given the mechanistic support, the large effect sizes for incident diabetes in the single available study, and the coherence with insulin resistance, the association between phthalate exposure and diabetes risk should be considered when assessing the risks and costs of exposure to specific phthalates in humans. The views expressed are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views or policies of the U.S. EPA.
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Yuan L, Cheng J, Chu Q, Ji X, Yuan J, Feng F, Gao R, Yu X. Di- n-butyl phthalate degrading endophytic bacterium Bacillus amyloliquefaciens subsp. strain JR20 isolated from garlic chive and its colonization in a leafy vegetable. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART. B, PESTICIDES, FOOD CONTAMINANTS, AND AGRICULTURAL WASTES 2019; 54:693-701. [PMID: 31271109 DOI: 10.1080/03601234.2019.1633211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Di-n-butyl phthalate (DBP) is one of the primary PAEs (phthalate acid esters) pollutants. DBP can be absorbed by plants and threaten human health via the food chain. Some DBP-degrading bacteria have been successfully isolated from the environment (water, soil, etc.). However, only a few DBP-degrading plant endophytes have been isolated. In this study, an endophytic bacterium, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens subsp. strain JR20, which was found capable of degrading DBP, was isolated from garlic chive. We found that strain JR20 metabolized 89.74% of DBP at a 5 mg/L concentration within 4 d in liquid mineral salts medium (MSM). The optimized conditions for maximum removal of DBP were as follows: DBP concentration, 5 mg/L; pH, 7-8; temperature, 30-40 °C. The colonization of strain JR20 significantly improved the degradation rate of DBP in the roots, stems and leaves of leafy vegetables.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Yuan
- College of Oceanology and Food Science, Quanzhou Normal University/Key Laboratory of Inshore Resources Biotechnology , Quanzhou , China
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University , Zhenjiang , China
| | - Jinjin Cheng
- Key Lab of Food Quality and Safety of Jiangsu Province-State Key Laboratory Breeding Base , Nanjing , China
| | - Qian Chu
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University , Zhenjiang , China
| | - Xiu Ji
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University , Zhenjiang , China
- Key Lab of Food Quality and Safety of Jiangsu Province-State Key Laboratory Breeding Base , Nanjing , China
| | - Jianjun Yuan
- College of Oceanology and Food Science, Quanzhou Normal University/Key Laboratory of Inshore Resources Biotechnology , Quanzhou , China
| | - Fayun Feng
- Key Lab of Food Quality and Safety of Jiangsu Province-State Key Laboratory Breeding Base , Nanjing , China
| | - Ruichang Gao
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University , Zhenjiang , China
| | - Xiangyang Yu
- College of Oceanology and Food Science, Quanzhou Normal University/Key Laboratory of Inshore Resources Biotechnology , Quanzhou , China
- Key Lab of Food Quality and Safety of Jiangsu Province-State Key Laboratory Breeding Base , Nanjing , China
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Duan Y, Sun H, Han L, Chen L. Association between phthalate exposure and glycosylated hemoglobin, fasting glucose, and type 2 diabetes mellitus: A case-control study in China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 670:41-49. [PMID: 30901574 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.03.192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2018] [Revised: 02/18/2019] [Accepted: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Epidemiological studies have shown that exposure to phthalates (PAEs) is associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and related markers, but limited evidence has been found in Chinese people. Given that China has the highest number of people with DM and Chinese people show relatively higher exposure levels of PAEs, a case-control study was conducted in China to explore the associations of PAE exposure with T2DM and two glycemic indicators, including fasting glucose and glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c). Two hundred fifty people with T2DM and 250 controls were recruited in this study. Multivariable logistic regression analyses showed significant positive associations between urinary concentrations of most studied PAE metabolites (mPAEs) and T2DM, with odd ratios comparing extreme mPAEs quartiles ranging from 2.09 to 40.53, whereas two secondary metabolites, mono (2-ethyl-5-carboxypentyl) phthalate and mono [(2-carboxymethyl) hexyl] phthalate showed significant inverse relationships with T2DM. In addition, multivariable linear regression analyses showed that urinary concentrations of mono (2-ethyl-5-hydroxyhexyl) phthalate were positively associated with HbA1c levels in controls (β = 0.013; 95% CI: 0.003, 0.023). A significant positive association was also observed for urinary mono (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate and fasting glucose (β = 0.009; 95% CI: 0.002, 0.016). In the stratified analyses, the significant associations of mPAEs with T2DM were more likely to be observed in the younger people, compared to the older people. The significant positive associations between urinary mPAEs and HbA1c levels were more likely to be found in the lower body mass index (BMI) subgroup. Additionally, urinary specific mPAEs were found to be significantly positively related to fasting glucose in males and the older people. The findings suggest that exposure to PAEs is associated with T2DM, fasting glucose, and HbA1c levels in Chinese people and the associations of exposure to PAEs with T2DM, fasting glucose, and HbA1c may differ between sexes, BMIs, or ages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yishuang Duan
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Hongwen Sun
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, China.
| | - Liping Han
- Metabolic Disease Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Liming Chen
- Metabolic Disease Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
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Bilal M, Iqbal HMN. An insight into toxicity and human-health-related adverse consequences of cosmeceuticals - A review. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 670:555-568. [PMID: 30909033 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.03.261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2019] [Revised: 02/27/2019] [Accepted: 03/17/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, the use of cosmeceutical-based personal care and beauty products has ever increased, around the world. Currently, an increasing number of compounds are being assimilated in the formulation of cosmetic products as preservatives, fragrances, surfactants, etc. to intensify the performance, quality, value, and lifespan of cosmetics. Nevertheless, many of these chemical additives pose toxic effects to the human body, exhibiting health risks from a mild hypersensitivity to life-threatening anaphylaxis or lethal intoxication. Therefore, the indiscriminate application of cosmeceuticals has recently become a mounting issue confronting public health. The present review focuses on exposure to a large variety of toxic substances used in cosmetic formulations such as 1,4-dioxane formaldehyde, paraformaldehyde, benzalkonium chloride, imidazolidinyl urea, diazolidinyl urea, trace heavy metals, parabens derivatives, phthalates, isothiazolinone derivatives (methylchloroiso-thiazolinone, and methylisothiazolinone), methyldibromo glutaronitrile, and phenoxy-ethanol. The biological risks related to these substances that they can pose to human health in terms of cytotoxicity, genotoxicity, mutagenicity, neurotoxicity oestrogenicity or others are also discussed. Researchers from academia, consultancy firms, governmental organizations, and cosmetic companies should carry out further progress to keep updating the consumers regarding the dark-sides, and health-related harmful apprehensions of cosmetics. In addition, the industry-motivated initiatives to abate environmental impact through green, sustainable and eco-friendly product development grasp significant perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Bilal
- School of Life Science and Food Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huaian 223003, China.
| | - Hafiz M N Iqbal
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, Campus Monterrey, Ave. Eugenio Garza Sada 2501, Monterrey, N.L. CP 64849, Mexico.
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31
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Li AJ, Martinez-Moral MP, Al-Malki AL, Al-Ghamdi MA, Al-Bazi MM, Kumosani TA, Kannan K. Mediation analysis for the relationship between urinary phthalate metabolites and type 2 diabetes via oxidative stress in a population in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2019; 126:153-161. [PMID: 30798196 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2019.01.082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2018] [Revised: 01/30/2019] [Accepted: 01/31/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Human exposure to phthalates is ubiquitous and has received considerable attention due to their association with adverse health outcomes, including type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Nevertheless, earlier studies that link phthalate exposure to T2DM yielded ambiguous results. Furthermore, studies that associate phthalate exposure with oxidative stress and then with T2DM are scant. In this diabetic case-control study, urine samples collected from 101 individuals aged 28-68 years from Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, were analyzed to determine 20 phthalate metabolites (PhMs) and seven oxidative stress biomarkers (OSBs). Unconditional logistic regression was used to estimate odds ratios for the association between diabetes and urinary PhMs and OSBs in participants, stratified by age, gender, nationality, smoking status, occupation, and urinary creatinine. Twelve PhMs and five OSBs were found at detection rates above 50%, with geometric mean concentrations of 0.61-100 and 0.35-10.7 ng/mL (1.04-171 and 0.61-18.6 μg/g creatinine), respectively. Almost all exposures were significantly higher in diabetic cases than in controls. The 12 PhMs were positively associated with higher urinary concentrations of 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) and 8-iso-prostaglandin F2α (8-PGF2α). Individuals in the 3rd and/or 4th quartile(s) for urinary concentrations of PhMs and OSBs showed 3.7- and 7.3-fold increase, respectively, in the odds of having diabetes compared with those in the 1st quartile. The rank order of association of PhMs/OSBs with diabetes followed the order of: mEP ≈ mBP > mEHP > mCPP > mECPP ≈ mEOHP ≈ mEHHP ≈ mIBP ≈ mMP > mCMHP ≈ mBzP and 8-OHdG > 8-PGF2α ≈ 15-PGF2α. The relationship between phthalate exposure and risk of developing T2DM was mediated in part by phthalate-induced oxidative stress, especially 8-OHdG. Our study suggests that human exposure to phthalates is associated with increased oxidative stress which mediates the development of T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adela Jing Li
- Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Empire State Plaza, P.O. Box 509, Albany, NY 12201-0509, United States; Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, State University of New York at Albany, Empire State Plaza, P.O. Box 509, Albany, NY 12201-0509, United States
| | - Maria-Pilar Martinez-Moral
- Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Empire State Plaza, P.O. Box 509, Albany, NY 12201-0509, United States; Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, State University of New York at Albany, Empire State Plaza, P.O. Box 509, Albany, NY 12201-0509, United States
| | - Abdulrahman Labeed Al-Malki
- Bioactive Natural Products Research Group, and Experimental Biochemistry Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia; Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Maryam A Al-Ghamdi
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Maha Mohammed Al-Bazi
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia; Production of Bioproducts for Industrial Applications Research Group and Experimental Biochemistry Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Taha A Kumosani
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia; Production of Bioproducts for Industrial Applications Research Group and Experimental Biochemistry Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Kurunthachalam Kannan
- Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Empire State Plaza, P.O. Box 509, Albany, NY 12201-0509, United States; Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, State University of New York at Albany, Empire State Plaza, P.O. Box 509, Albany, NY 12201-0509, United States; Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia; Production of Bioproducts for Industrial Applications Research Group and Experimental Biochemistry Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
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32
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Zhang B, Zhang T, Duan Y, Zhao Z, Huang X, Bai X, Xie L, He Y, Ouyang J, Yang Y, Wu Y, Sun H. Human exposure to phthalate esters associated with e-waste dismantling: Exposure levels, sources, and risk assessment. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2019; 124:1-9. [PMID: 30639902 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2018.12.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2018] [Revised: 12/14/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Phthalate esters (PAEs) can be released into the environment during the dismantling of electronic waste (e-waste), but urinary levels of PAE metabolites (mPAEs) in humans living in e-waste sites have not been documented. In this study, 11 mPAEs were determined in urine samples collected from participants living in e-waste dismantling sites and a reference area in Southern China. The total urinary concentrations of the 11 mPAEs (∑mPAEs) in the e-waste sites (range: 11.1 ng/mL to 3380 ng/mL) were dominated by mono-(2-isobutyl) phthalate and mono-n-butyl phthalate. Participants living in the e-waste sites had significantly higher (p < 0.05) urinary concentrations of ∑mPAEs (and 5 individual mPAEs) than those in the reference area. Hence, e-waste dismantling activities contributed to human exposure to PAEs. The exposure doses of di-n-butyl phthalate, di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate, di-iso-butyl phthalate, dimethyl phthalate, and diethyl phthalate were 3.41, 3.04, 1.37, 0.25, and 0.20 μg/kg bw/day, respectively. Furthermore, the health risk assessment in terms of hazard quotient and hazard index showed that approximately 22% of the participants living in the e-waste sites had HI values exceeding 1; importantly, 68% of them were non-adults (i.e., 0-18 years old). In the e-waste sites, 8 of the 11 mPAEs in urine samples had significantly positively associations (r = 0.185-0.358, p < 0.05) with the urinary concentration of 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine, a marker of DNA oxidative stress. Therefore, people living in e-waste dismantling areas may have a potential health risk caused by PAE exposure. To the best of our knowledge, this study is the first to measure urinary mPAE levels in people living in e-waste dismantling areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Zhang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology (Sun Yat-Sen University), Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology (Sun Yat-Sen University), Guangzhou 510275, China.
| | - Yishuang Duan
- MOE Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Zhen Zhao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Xiongfei Huang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Xueyuan Bai
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Lei Xie
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Yuan He
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Jiping Ouyang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Yanduo Yang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Yili Wu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Hongwen Sun
- MOE Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China.
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Rodríguez-Carmona Y, Cantoral A, Trejo-Valdivia B, Téllez-Rojo MM, Svensson K, Peterson KE, Meeker JD, Schnaas L, Solano M, Watkins DJ. Phthalate exposure during pregnancy and long-term weight gain in women. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2019; 169:26-32. [PMID: 30408750 PMCID: PMC6347540 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2018.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2018] [Revised: 10/11/2018] [Accepted: 10/13/2018] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Phthalates are known endocrine disruptors and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) activators, potentially capable of promoting an obesogenic effect. Pregnant women are especially vulnerable to phthalate exposure due to physiological and metabolic changes during pregnancy, including those related to the metabolism of xenobiotics. Phthalate exposure during pregnancy has been associated with early gestational weight gain, however, its effect on long-term weight gain remains unclear. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the association between phthalate exposure during pregnancy and long-term changes in weight among women. METHODS Urinary phthalate concentrations, socioeconomic, anthropometry and information on diet and socioeconomic status were collected during pregnancy from 178 women from the Early Life Exposure in Mexico to Environmental Toxicants (ELEMENT) birth cohort. Maternal body weight and diet information was also collected up to 5 times in the first year postpartum and twice during follow-up visits 5.2-10.7 years later. A path analysis was performed to assess associations between urinary phthalate metabolite levels during pregnancy and change in weight (kg) per year after delivery, including age, education, living with/without partner, parity, daily energy intake and breastfeeding duration. RESULTS The mean age at pregnancy was 27.3 ± 5.9 years and mean body mass index during the first postpartum year was 27.07 ± 4.22 kg/m2. On average, women gained 3.48 kg (0.52 ± 0.84 kg/year). A unit increase in log-transformed mono-3-carboxypropyl phthalate (MCPP) was associated with 0.33 kg (95% CI: 0.09, 0.56) higher weight gain per year, and mono-benzyl phthalate (MBzP) with 0.21 kg (95% CI: -0.38, -0.03) lower weight gain per year. CONCLUSION Exposure to certain phthalates during pregnancy may be associated with long-term weight change in women. More studies on the effects of phthalate exposure during pregnancy on women's long-term health are required.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alejandra Cantoral
- CONACYT, National Institute of Public Health, Center for Nutrition and Health Research, Av Universidad 655 Col. Sta. Ma. Ahuacatitlán, Cuernavaca C.P. 62100, Morelos, Mexico.
| | - Belem Trejo-Valdivia
- Center for Nutrition and Health Research, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Mexico
| | - Martha M Téllez-Rojo
- Center for Nutrition and Health Research, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Mexico
| | - Katherine Svensson
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA
| | - Karen E Peterson
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, USA
| | - John D Meeker
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, USA
| | - Lourdes Schnaas
- Division of Research in Community Interventions, National Institute of Perinatology, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Maritsa Solano
- Center for Nutrition and Health Research, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Mexico
| | - Deborah J Watkins
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, USA
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Noor N, Ferguson KK, Meeker JD, Seely EW, Hauser R, James-Todd T, McElrath TF. Pregnancy phthalate metabolite concentrations and infant birth weight by gradations of maternal glucose tolerance. Int J Hyg Environ Health 2019; 222:395-401. [PMID: 30704894 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2018.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2018] [Revised: 12/12/2018] [Accepted: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Higher birth weight is an important adverse outcome associated with hyperglycemia in pregnancy. Recent studies suggest that phthalate exposure is associated with elevated glucose levels in pregnant women, with implications for higher birth weight in the offspring. No study to date has investigated the association between prenatal phthalate exposure on infant high birth weight accounting for the range of pregnancy glucose levels. METHODS A total of 350 women participating in an ongoing pregnancy cohort had data available on urinary phthalate metabolite concentrations at up to four time points across pregnancy. Urinary phthalate metabolites were averaged across pregnancy and log-transformed, specific gravity-adjusted and analyzed in quartiles. Birth weight was examined continuously (in grams), as well as dichotomized as large for gestational age (>90th percentile). Glucose levels were assessed based on Results from 50-g glucose challenge tests as a part of screening for gestational diabetes conducted at 24-28 weeks gestation, and grouped into 3 categories <120 mg/dL, 120-<140 mg/dL and ≥140 mg/dL. Multivariable linear regression was performed, adjusting for potential confounders in the overall population and stratified by pregnancy glucose levels. RESULTS Approximately 20% of infants born to women with glucose levels ≥140 mg/dL were large for gestational age. Average mono-ethyl phthalate (MEP) concentrations were higher among women who had glucose levels ≥140 mg/dL (geometric mean 140.9 μg/L; 95% CI: 91.6-216.8); however, higher MEP concentrations were not associated with higher birth weight. When stratified by maternal glucose levels, there was a suggestive association between higher concentrations of mono-(3-carboxypropyl) phthalate (MCPP) and higher birth weight among women with glucose levels ≥140 mg/dL (adj. birth weight: 569.2 g; 95% CI: 14.1, 1178.2). CONCLUSIONS Higher urinary phthalate metabolite concentrations were not significantly associated with higher birth weight. Counter to our hypothesis, women with higher glucose levels and higher urinary phthalate metabolites did not deliver babies with higher birth weight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nudrat Noor
- Departments of Environmental Health and Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Kelly K Ferguson
- Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27709, USA
| | - John D Meeker
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Ellen W Seely
- Division of Endocrine, Diabetes, and Hypertension, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Russ Hauser
- Departments of Environmental Health and Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Tamarra James-Todd
- Departments of Environmental Health and Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, 02115, USA; Division of Women's Health, Department of Medicine, Connors Center for Women's Health and Gender Biology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
| | - Thomas F McElrath
- Division of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
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Rajagopal G, Bhaskaran RS, Karundevi B. Maternal di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate exposure alters hepatic insulin signal transduction and glucoregulatory events in rat F 1 male offspring. J Appl Toxicol 2018; 39:751-763. [PMID: 30565266 DOI: 10.1002/jat.3764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2018] [Revised: 11/13/2018] [Accepted: 11/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) is a commonly used plasticizer with endocrine disrupting properties. Its widespread use resulted in constant human exposure including fetal development and postnatal life. Epidemiological and experimental data have shown that DEHP has a negative influence on glucose homeostasis. However, the evidence regarding the effect of maternal DEHP exposure on hepatic glucose homeostasis is scarce. Hence, we investigated whether DEHP exposure during gestation and lactation disrupts glucose homeostasis in the rat F1 male offspring at adulthood. Pregnant rats were divided into three groups and administered with DEHP (10 and 100 mg/kg/day) or olive oil from gestational day 9 to postnatal day 21 (lactation period) through oral gavage. DEHP-exposed offspring exhibited hyperglycemia, impaired glucose and insulin tolerances along with hyperinsulinemia at postnatal day 80. DEHP exposure significantly reduced the levels of insulin signaling molecules such as insulin receptors, IRS1, Akt and its phosphorylated forms. GSK3β and FoxO1 proteins increased in DEHP-exposed groups whereas its phosphorylated forms decreased. Treated groups showed decreased glycogen synthase activity and glycogen concentration. Glucose-6-phosphatase and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase mRNA level and enzyme activity increased in DEHP-treated groups. The interaction between FoxO1-glucose-6-phosphatase and FoxO1-phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase was also increased. This study suggests that DEHP exposure impairs insulin signal transduction and alters glucoregulatory events leading to the development of type 2 diabetes in F1 male offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gokulapriya Rajagopal
- Department of Endocrinology, Dr ALM Post Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Madras, Taramani, Chennai, 600 113, India
| | - Ravi Sankar Bhaskaran
- Department of Endocrinology, Dr ALM Post Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Madras, Taramani, Chennai, 600 113, India
| | - Balasubramanian Karundevi
- Department of Endocrinology, Dr ALM Post Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Madras, Taramani, Chennai, 600 113, India
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Dong R, Chen J, Zheng J, Zhang M, Zhang H, Wu M, Li S, Chen B. The role of oxidative stress in cardiometabolic risk related to phthalate exposure in elderly diabetic patients from Shanghai. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2018; 121:340-348. [PMID: 30243182 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2018.09.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2018] [Revised: 09/07/2018] [Accepted: 09/17/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The effect of human exposure to phthalates and consequent contribution to the development of cardiometabolic health problems is unknown. However, oxidative stress has been established as playing an important role in the pathogenesis of cardiometabolic outcomes. In this study, we aimed to explore whether exposure to phthalate metabolites could induce cardiometabolic risk by increasing oxidative stress in a diabetic population from Shanghai. We collected paired blood and urine samples from a total of 300 volunteers, and measured 10 phthalate metabolites in urine and biomarkers of oxidative stress from serum including glucose and lipid levels, and liver and kidney damage. The insulin resistance (IR) risk was assessed by the surrogate indices including homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and triglyceride glucose (TyG). We used multivariable linear regression to assess the association between phthalates and these physiological parameters. Mediation and modification analyses were performed to identify the role that oxidative stress played in the underlying mechanisms. The results showed that most of the determined phthalate metabolites were positively associated with HOMA-IR, 8‑hydroxy‑2'‑deoxyguanosine (8-OHDG), and malondialdehyde (MDA). In the mediation analysis, only γ‑glutamiltransferase (GGT) was found to be a significant mediator of the association between phthalates and TyG. In the modification analysis, exposure to phthalates strengthened the association between oxidative stress (MDA and 8-OHDG) and HOMA-IR. Our findings demonstrate that exposure to phthalates might be positively associated with elevated IR and oxidative stress. The direct participation (mediation effect) of GGT might play an important mechanism in promoting IR.
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Affiliation(s)
- RuiHua Dong
- Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Social Risks Governance in Health, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, People's Republic of China.
| | - JingSi Chen
- Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Social Risks Governance in Health, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, People's Republic of China.
| | - JianHeng Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Social Risks Governance in Health, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of State General Administration of Sport, Shanghai Research Institute of Sports Science, Shanghai 200030, People's Republic of China.
| | - MeiRu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Social Risks Governance in Health, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, People's Republic of China; Environmental Health & Occupational Health Department, Shanghai Xuhui Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai 200030, People's Republic of China.
| | - Han Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Social Risks Governance in Health, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, People's Republic of China.
| | - Min Wu
- Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Social Risks Governance in Health, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, People's Republic of China.
| | - ShuGuang Li
- Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Social Risks Governance in Health, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, People's Republic of China.
| | - Bo Chen
- Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Social Risks Governance in Health, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, People's Republic of China.
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Marroqui L, Tudurí E, Alonso-Magdalena P, Quesada I, Nadal Á, Dos Santos RS. Mitochondria as target of endocrine-disrupting chemicals: implications for type 2 diabetes. J Endocrinol 2018; 239:R27-R45. [PMID: 30072426 DOI: 10.1530/joe-18-0362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2018] [Accepted: 08/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes is a chronic, heterogeneous syndrome characterized by insulin resistance and pancreatic β-cell dysfunction or death. Among several environmental factors contributing to type 2 diabetes development, endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) have been receiving special attention. These chemicals include a wide variety of pollutants, from components of plastic to pesticides, with the ability to modulate endocrine system function. EDCs can affect multiple cellular processes, including some related to energy production and utilization, leading to alterations in energy homeostasis. Mitochondria are primarily implicated in cellular energy conversion, although they also participate in other processes, such as hormone secretion and apoptosis. In fact, mitochondrial dysfunction due to reduced oxidative capacity, impaired lipid oxidation and increased oxidative stress has been linked to insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. Herein, we review the main mechanisms whereby metabolism-disrupting chemical (MDC), a subclass of EDCs that disturbs energy homeostasis, cause mitochondrial dysfunction, thus contributing to the establishment of insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. We conclude that MDC-induced mitochondrial dysfunction, which is mainly characterized by perturbations in mitochondrial bioenergetics, biogenesis and dynamics, excessive reactive oxygen species production and activation of the mitochondrial pathway of apoptosis, seems to be a relevant mechanism linking MDCs to type 2 diabetes development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Marroqui
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM) and Institute of Bioengineering, Miguel Hernández University of Elche, Alicante, Spain
| | - Eva Tudurí
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM) and Institute of Bioengineering, Miguel Hernández University of Elche, Alicante, Spain
| | - Paloma Alonso-Magdalena
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM) and Institute of Bioengineering, Miguel Hernández University of Elche, Alicante, Spain
| | - Iván Quesada
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM) and Institute of Bioengineering, Miguel Hernández University of Elche, Alicante, Spain
| | - Ángel Nadal
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM) and Institute of Bioengineering, Miguel Hernández University of Elche, Alicante, Spain
| | - Reinaldo Sousa Dos Santos
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM) and Institute of Bioengineering, Miguel Hernández University of Elche, Alicante, Spain
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Amin MM, Ebrahimpour K, Parastar S, Shoshtari-Yeganeh B, Hashemi M, Mansourian M, Poursafa P, Fallah Z, Rafiei N, Kelishadi R. Association of urinary concentrations of phthalate metabolites with cardiometabolic risk factors and obesity in children and adolescents. CHEMOSPHERE 2018; 211:547-556. [PMID: 30092535 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.07.172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2017] [Revised: 01/28/2018] [Accepted: 07/28/2018] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the association of urinary concentration of phthalate metabolites with obesity and cardiometabolic risk factors in a pediatric population. This study was conducted in 2016 on 242 children and adolescents, aged 6-18 years, living in Isfahan, Iran. Urinary concentration of mono-butyl phthalate (MBP), mono-benzyl phthalate (MBzP), Mono-2-ethylhexyl phthalate (MEHP), Mono-methyl phthalate (MMP), Mono (2-ethyl-5-exohexyl) phthalate (MEOHP), and mono (2-ethyl-5hydroxyhexyl) phthalate (MEHHP) metabolites were determined. The association of these metabolites with obesity and cardiometabolic risk factors was examined using student t-test, linear and logistics regression tests. Of the 242 participants studied, 140 (57.9%) were girls and 102 (42.1%) were boys. The mean (SD) age of the population was 11.34 (2.55) years and no significant difference existed in terms of age (p-value = 0.374). MBzP, MBP, MMP were observed in urine samples of all subjects, and MEHP, MEOHP, and MEHHP were observed in 99.6, 95.87, and 96.28% of the subjects, respectively. Of the total participants, 15.2% (n = 37) were obese and 37.7% (n = 92) were overweight. According to the logistic regression analysis, except MEOHP, all other pollutants were significantly associated with obesity (OR adjusted >1, p-value ≤ 0.002). A significant association existed between MBP and elevated blood pressure [OR crude in tertile3 = 4.87 (CI: 1.02-23.32), p-value = 0.024]. MBzP and MEHP were significantly associated with obesity, elevated levels of triglyceride and blood pressure. Increase in MBzP metabolite in the 3rd tertile resulted to about 2.5-fold increase in triglyceride levels than the first tertile [OR multivariate adjusted = 2.7 (CI: 1.23-6.22)]. The findings of this study clearly showed the association between phthalate metabolites with obesity, cardiometabolic risk factors in children and adolescents, however further longitudinal studies are necessary to evaluate the clinical effects of this finding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Mehdi Amin
- Environment Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-communicable Disease, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran; Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Karim Ebrahimpour
- Environment Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-communicable Disease, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran; Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Saeed Parastar
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran; Student Research Committee, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Bahareh Shoshtari-Yeganeh
- Environment Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-communicable Disease, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran; Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Majid Hashemi
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran; Student Research Committee, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran; Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.
| | - Marjan Mansourian
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Parinaz Poursafa
- Environment Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-communicable Disease, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Zahra Fallah
- Student Research Committee, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran; Child Growth and Development Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-communicable Disease, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Nasim Rafiei
- Environment Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-communicable Disease, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran; Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Roya Kelishadi
- Child Growth and Development Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-communicable Disease, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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Parsanathan R, Maria Joseph A, Karundevi B. Postnatal exposure to di-(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate alters cardiac insulin signaling molecules and GLUT4 Ser488 phosphorylation in male rat offspring. J Cell Biochem 2018; 120:5802-5812. [PMID: 30362281 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.27866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2018] [Accepted: 09/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Di-(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate (DEHP), a distinctive endocrine-disrupting chemical, is widely used as a plasticizer in a variety of consumer products. It can easily cross the placenta and enter breast milk and then it is rapidly absorbed by offspring. Since it is generally accepted that individuals are more sensitive to chemical exposure during vital developmental periods, we investigated whether DEHP exposure during lactation affects cardiac insulin signaling and glucose homeostasis in the F1 male rat offspring at postnatal day 22 (PND22). Lactating Wistar rats were administered with DEHP (1, 10, and 100 mg/kg/d) or olive oil from lactation day 1 to 21 by oral gavage. All the male pups were perfused and killed on PND22. On the day before the killing, they were kept for fasting overnight and blood was collected. The cardiac muscle was dissected out, washed in ice-cold physiological saline repeatedly and used for the assay of various parameters. DEHP-exposed offspring had significantly lower body weight than the control. DEHP-exposed offspring showed elevated blood glucose, decreased 14 C-2-deoxyglucose uptake and 14 C-glucose oxidation in cardiac muscle at PND22. The concentration of upstream insulin signaling molecules such as insulin receptor subunit β (InsRβ) and insulin receptor substrate 1 (IRS1) were downregulated in DEHP-exposed offspring. However, no significant alterations were observed in protein kinase B (Akt) and Akt substrate of 160 kDa (AS160). Surprisingly, phosphorylation of IRS1 Tyr632 and Akt Ser473 were diminished. Low levels of glucose transporter type 4 (GLUT4) protein and increased GLUT4 Ser488 phosphorylation which decreases its intrinsic activity and translocation towards plasma membrane were also recorded. Lactational DEHP exposure predisposes F 1 male offspring to cardiac glucometabolic disorders at PND22, which may impair cardiac function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajesh Parsanathan
- Department of Endocrinology, Dr ALM Post Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Sciences University of Madras, Taramani, India
| | - Angelaalincy Maria Joseph
- Department of Endocrinology, Dr ALM Post Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Sciences University of Madras, Taramani, India
| | - Balasubramanian Karundevi
- Department of Endocrinology, Dr ALM Post Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Sciences University of Madras, Taramani, India
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Dibutyl phthalate modulates phenotype of granulocytes in human blood in response to inflammatory stimuli. Toxicol Lett 2018; 296:23-30. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2018.07.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2018] [Revised: 06/29/2018] [Accepted: 07/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Abstract
The incidence of metabolic disorders like type 2 diabetes (T2D) and obesity continue to increase. Although it is evident that the increasing incidence of diabetes confers a global societal and economic burden, the mechanisms responsible for the increased incidence of T2D are not well understood. Extensive efforts to understand the association of early-life perturbations with later onset of metabolic diseases, the founding principle of developmental origins of health and disease, have been crucial in determining the mechanisms that may be driving the pathogenesis of T2D. As the programming of the epigenome occurs during critical periods of development, it has emerged as a potential molecular mechanism that could occur early in life and impact metabolic health decades later. In this review, we critically evaluate human and animal studies that illustrated an association of epigenetic processes with development of T2D as well as intervention strategies that have been employed to reverse the perturbed epigenetic modification or reprogram the naturally occurring epigenetic marks to favor improved metabolic outcome. We highlight that although our understanding of epigenetics and its contribution toward developmental origins of T2D continues to grow, whether epigenetics is a cause, consequence, or merely a correlation remains debatable due to the many limitations/challenges of the existing epigenetic studies. Finally, we discuss the potential of establishing collaborative research efforts between different disciplines, including physiology, epigenetics, and bioinformatics, to help advance the developmental origins field with great potential for understanding the pathogenesis of T2D and developing preventive strategies for T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amita Bansal
- Center for Research on Reproduction and Women's Health, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Center of Excellence in Environmental Toxicology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Rebecca A Simmons
- Center for Research on Reproduction and Women's Health, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Center of Excellence in Environmental Toxicology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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Wang W, Leung AOW, Chu LH, Wong MH. Phthalates contamination in China: Status, trends and human exposure-with an emphasis on oral intake. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2018; 238:771-782. [PMID: 29625301 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2018.02.088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2017] [Revised: 02/27/2018] [Accepted: 02/27/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Despite the extensive production and use of phthalates in Asian countries, especially China, limited information is available about the current situation of human exposure in this region, and thus identification of further research needs is warranted. This review summarized the current trends of phthalates related to industrial production and human exposure by conducting a comprehensive assessment of phthalates contaminations in air, indoor dust, personal care products (PCPs), foodstuff and internal exposure in China, with comparisons with other countries. The concentrations of phthalates in indoor dust and PCPs in China were moderate, while concentrations in foods and air were among the highest worldwide. Dietary intake of phthalates varied with location, with hotspots in the southern and eastern coastal regions of China which correlated with the extensive industrial production recorded in these regions. This review firstly revealed the significantly differentiated food-type contribution profiles for phthalates in China and in other countries, which were affected by dietary habits and food contamination. The internal exposure for the Chinese population was found to be moderate, however there is a paucity of data available. Knowledge gaps identified concerning phthalates in China include trends in phthalates exposure, sources (e.g. PCPs, pharmaceuticals and medical treatment), and internal exposure derived from biomonitoring, warranting phthalates a research priority.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- Consortium on Health, Environment, Education and Research (CHEER), Department of Science and Environmental Studies, The Education University of Hong Kong, Tai Po, Hong Kong, China; Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, State University of New York at Albany, Empire State Plaza, P.O. Box 509, Albany, NY, 12201-0509, United States
| | - Anna Oi Wah Leung
- Department of Biology, and Croucher Institute for Environmental Sciences, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Lam Hang Chu
- Consortium on Health, Environment, Education and Research (CHEER), Department of Science and Environmental Studies, The Education University of Hong Kong, Tai Po, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ming Hung Wong
- Consortium on Health, Environment, Education and Research (CHEER), Department of Science and Environmental Studies, The Education University of Hong Kong, Tai Po, Hong Kong, China; School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China.
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James-Todd TM, Chiu YH, Messerlian C, Mínguez-Alarcón L, Ford JB, Keller M, Petrozza J, Williams PL, Ye X, Calafat AM, Hauser R. Trimester-specific phthalate concentrations and glucose levels among women from a fertility clinic. Environ Health 2018; 17:55. [PMID: 29898728 PMCID: PMC6000948 DOI: 10.1186/s12940-018-0399-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2017] [Accepted: 05/30/2018] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Subfertile women are at increased risk of glucose intolerance in pregnancy. Based on epidemiologic studies, exposure to certain phthalates is associated with diabetes, elevated glucose, and increased insulin resistance. OBJECTIVES To evaluate the association between urinary phthalate metabolites and pregnancy glucose levels in women seeking medically assisted reproduction. METHODS We evaluated 245 women participating in a prospective cohort study based at a large fertility clinic who delivered live births and had data on pregnancy urinary phthalate metabolite concentrations and blood glucose levels. Urinary phthalate metabolite concentrations were from single spot urine samples collected in 1st and 2nd trimesters. Blood glucose data was abstracted from medical records for non-fasting 50-g glucose challenge tests at 24-28 weeks gestation. Multivariable linear regression models were used to evaluate associations between 7 urinary phthalate metabolites in quartiles and mean glucose adjusted for potential confounders. RESULTS Eighteen percent of women had glucose levels ≥ 140 mg/dL. Second trimester monoethyl phthalate (MEP) concentrations were positively associated with glucose levels, with adjusted mean (95%CI) glucose levels of 121 mg/dl (114, 128) vs. 109 mg/dL (103, 116) for women in highest and lowest quartiles, respectively. Women in the highest quartile of second trimester mono-isobutyl phthalate (MiBP) concentrations had a mean glucose level 14 mg/dL lower compared to women in the lowest quartile. No other urinary phthalate metabolites were associated with glucose levels. CONCLUSIONS MEP and MiBP-metabolites of diethyl phthalate and dibutyl phthalate, respectively-were associated with higher pregnancy glucose in subfertile women-a population at high risk of glucose intolerance in pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamarra M. James-Todd
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 665 Huntington Ave., Bldg. 1, 14th Floor, Boston, MA 02115 USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115 USA
- Division of Women’s Health, Department of Medicine, Connors Center for Women’s Health and Gender Biology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02120 USA
| | - Yu-Han Chiu
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115 USA
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115 USA
| | - Carmen Messerlian
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 665 Huntington Ave., Bldg. 1, 14th Floor, Boston, MA 02115 USA
| | - Lidia Mínguez-Alarcón
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 665 Huntington Ave., Bldg. 1, 14th Floor, Boston, MA 02115 USA
| | - Jennifer B. Ford
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 665 Huntington Ave., Bldg. 1, 14th Floor, Boston, MA 02115 USA
| | - Myra Keller
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 665 Huntington Ave., Bldg. 1, 14th Floor, Boston, MA 02115 USA
- Fertility Center, Department of Obstetrics, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02125 USA
| | - John Petrozza
- Fertility Center, Department of Obstetrics, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02125 USA
| | - Paige L. Williams
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115 USA
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115 USA
| | - Xiaoyun Ye
- Division of Laboratory Sciences, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA
| | - Antonia M. Calafat
- Division of Laboratory Sciences, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA
| | - Russ Hauser
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 665 Huntington Ave., Bldg. 1, 14th Floor, Boston, MA 02115 USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115 USA
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Dibutyl phthalate exposure aggravates type 2 diabetes by disrupting the insulin-mediated PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. Toxicol Lett 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2018.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Liu S, Sun Q. Sex differences, endogenous sex-hormone hormones, sex-hormone binding globulin, and exogenous disruptors in diabetes and related metabolic outcomes. J Diabetes 2018; 10:428-441. [PMID: 27990781 DOI: 10.1111/1753-0407.12517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2016] [Accepted: 12/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
In assessing clinical and pathophysiological development of type 2 diabetes (T2D), the critical role of the sex steroids axis is underappreciated, particularly concerning the sex-specific relationships with many relevant cardiometabolic outcomes. In this issue of the Journal of Diabetes, we provide a comprehensive overview of these significant associations of germline variants in the genes governing the sex steroid pathways, plasma levels of steroid hormones, and sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) with T2D risk that have been observed in many clinical and high-quality large prospective cohorts of men and women across ethnic populations. Together, this body of evidence indicates that sex steroids and SHBG should be routinely incorporated into clinical characterization of T2D patients, particularly in screening prediabetic patients, such as those with metabolic syndrome, using plasma levels of SHBG. Given that several germline mutations in the SHBG gene have also been directly related to both plasma concentrations of SHBG and clinical manifestation of T2D, targeting signals in the sex steroid axis, particularly SHBG, may have significant utility in the prediction and treatment of T2D. Further, many of the environmental endocrine disrupting chemicals may exert their potential adverse effects on cardiometabolic outcomes via either estrogenic or androgenic signaling pathways, highlighting the importance of using the sex steroids and SHBG as important biochemical markers in both clinical and population studies in studying sex-specific mechanisms in the pathogenesis of T2D and its complications, as well as the need to equitably allocate resources in studying both men and women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simin Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, Guangdong General Hospital/Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Departments of Epidemiology, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
- Departments of Medicine, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
- Center for Global Cardiometabolic Health, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
- Departments of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Qi Sun
- Departments of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Amin MM, Parastar S, Ebrahimpour K, Shoshtari-Yeganeh B, Hashemi M, Mansourian M, Kelishadi R. Association of urinary phthalate metabolites concentrations with body mass index and waist circumference. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 25:11143-11151. [PMID: 29417479 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-1413-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2017] [Accepted: 01/29/2018] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
This study aims to investigate the association of urinary concentration of phthalate metabolites with body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC) in 2016 on 242 children and adolescents, aged 6-18 years living in Isfahan, Iran. Urinary concentration of mono-butyl phthalate (MBP), mono-benzyl phthalate (MBzP), mono-2-ethylhexyl phthalate (MEHP), mono-methyl phthalate (MMP), mono (2-ethyl-5-exohexyl) phthalate (MEOHP), and mono (2-ethyl-5hydroxyhexyl) phthalate (MEHHP) metabolites were determined. For comparison of means, t test and to evaluate the association of analytes in different groups according to weight ANOVA was used. The correlation was applied to determine the association between phthalate metabolites with age, sex, WC, BMI, and BMI z-score. The univariate and multivariate regression models were used to determine the association of metabolites concentration with BMI z-score and WC. Mean (SD) BMI, BMI z-score and WC were 23.89 (4.41) kg/m2, 1.37 (1.3), and 82.37 (12.71) cm, respectively. There was a significant correlation between boys' age with BMI z-score (p value = 0.03) and WC (p value = 0.01), while the corresponding figures were not statistically significant in girls (p value = 0.48, and 0.4, respectively). Of the total population, 37 participants (15.3%) were obese. MMP, MBP, and MBzP metabolites were observed in all samples while MEHP, MEOHP, and MEHHP in 99.6, 95.86, and 96.28% of the studied population. Mean concentration of MMP (64.38 μg/L) and MBzP (268 μg/L) had the lowest and highest concentrations of metabolites, respectively. A significant relationship was observed among all studied metabolites and weight groups (p value ≤ 0.02). After adjustment for potential confounders, all metabolites (except MMP) showed a low-to-moderate positive and significant relationship with BMI z-score (β = 0.17-0.3). A weak to moderate positive and significant relationship was observed between all phthalate metabolites and WC (β = 0.14-0.39). The concentration of phthalate metabolites was much higher in the population living in Isfahan-Iran than in some other populations, indicating a high exposure to contaminants. Therefore, further studies and preventive measures are required for improving the environmental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Mehdi Amin
- Environment Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-communicable Disease, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Saeed Parastar
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
- Student Research Committee, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Karim Ebrahimpour
- Environment Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-communicable Disease, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Bahareh Shoshtari-Yeganeh
- Environment Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-communicable Disease, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Majid Hashemi
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
- Student Research Committee, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, 88671-85319, Iran.
| | - Marjan Mansourian
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Roya Kelishadi
- Child Growth and Development Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-communicable Disease, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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Carlsson A, Sørensen K, Andersson AM, Frederiksen H, Juul A. Bisphenol A, phthalate metabolites and glucose homeostasis in healthy normal-weight children. Endocr Connect 2018; 7:232-238. [PMID: 29237763 PMCID: PMC5793810 DOI: 10.1530/ec-17-0344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2017] [Accepted: 12/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Bisphenol A and several of the most commonly used phthalates have been associated with adverse metabolic health effects such as obesity and diabetes. Therefore, we analyzed these man-made chemicals in first morning urine samples from 107 healthy normal-weight Danish children and adolescents. METHOD This was a cross-sectional study. Participants were recruited as part of the Copenhagen Puberty Study. The subjects were evaluated by an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), a dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) scan, direct oxygen uptake measurement during cycle ergometry and fasting blood samples. First morning urine was collected and phthalate metabolites and BPA were measured by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) with prior enzymatic deconjugation. Individual chemical concentrations were divided into tertiles and analyzed in relation to biological outcome. RESULTS Children in the lowest tertile of urinary BPA had significantly higher peak insulin levels during OGTT (P = 0.01), lower insulin sensitivity index (P < 0.01), higher leptin (P = 0.03), triglyceride (P < 0.01) and total cholesterol levels (P = 0.04), lower aerobic fitness (P = 0.02) and a tendency toward higher fat mass index (P = 0.1) compared with children in the highest tertile for uBPA. No significant differences in anthropometrics, body composition or glucose metabolism were associated with any of the phthalate metabolites measured. CONCLUSION This pilot study on healthy normal-weight children suggests an inverse association between BPA and insulin resistance. Our findings contrast other cross-sectional studies showing a positive association for BPA, which may be due to confounding or reverse causation because diet is an important source of both BPA exposure and obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amalie Carlsson
- Department of Growth and ReproductionRigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- International Research and Research Training Center in Endocrine Disruption of Male Reproduction and Child Health (EDMaRC)Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kaspar Sørensen
- Department of Growth and ReproductionRigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- The Child and Youth ClinicRigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anna-Maria Andersson
- Department of Growth and ReproductionRigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- International Research and Research Training Center in Endocrine Disruption of Male Reproduction and Child Health (EDMaRC)Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Hanne Frederiksen
- Department of Growth and ReproductionRigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- International Research and Research Training Center in Endocrine Disruption of Male Reproduction and Child Health (EDMaRC)Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anders Juul
- Department of Growth and ReproductionRigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- International Research and Research Training Center in Endocrine Disruption of Male Reproduction and Child Health (EDMaRC)Copenhagen, Denmark
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Duan Y, Wang L, Han L, Wang B, Sun H, Chen L, Zhu L, Luo Y. Exposure to phthalates in patients with diabetes and its association with oxidative stress, adiponectin, and inflammatory cytokines. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2017; 109:53-63. [PMID: 28938100 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2017.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2017] [Revised: 09/01/2017] [Accepted: 09/01/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Epidemiologic studies have revealed higher concentrations of the metabolites of phthalic acid esters (mPAEs) in patients with type 2 diabetes. On the other hand, oxidative stress, adiponectin, and inflammatory cytokines play important roles in the pathogenesis of diabetes and its complications. However, little information is known about the association between exposure to PAEs and these physiological parameters. Hence, paired urine and blood samples were collected from a total of 329 volunteers, and 11 main mPAEs and malondialdehyde (MDA), as a biomarker of oxidative stress, were measured in the urine samples. Serum adiponectin and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), a biomarker of inflammation, were also measured. Multivariable linear regression was used to assess the association between urinary mPAEs and these physiological parameters in the total subjects and subjects stratified by age, sex, and body mass index (BMI) to elucidate their possible interactions. All 11 mPAEs were detected in the urine with detection rates of 42.9%-100% and geometric means of 0.30-54.52ng/mL (0.44-79.93μg/g creatinine). The mPAEs were all positively associated with MDA levels. There were significant positive associations between monomethyl phthalate (mMP) and TNF-α, and inverse associations between mMP and adiponectin levels. In the stratified analysis, there were age-, sex-, and BMI-specific differences for these associations. The positive associations between mPAEs and MDA were insignificant in some subgroups, especially in the larger age group. However, in the larger BMI group, summed metabolites of di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (∑DEHP) and mono(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate were positively associated with TNF-α, and the concentrations of ∑DEHP were negatively associated with adiponectin. Our findings suggested that PAE exposure is associated with oxidative stress, adiponectin, and inflammatory cytokines in diabetic patients; further studies on toxicology and a comparison with general population are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yishuang Duan
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Liping Han
- Tianjin Medical University Metabolic Diseases Hospital, Tianjin, China.
| | - Bin Wang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Hongwen Sun
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, China.
| | - Liming Chen
- Tianjin Medical University Metabolic Diseases Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Lingyan Zhu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yi Luo
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
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Overgaard LEK, Main KM, Frederiksen H, Stender S, Szecsi PB, Williams H, Thyssen JP. Children with atopic dermatitis and frequent emollient use have increased urinary levels of low-molecular-weight phthalate metabolites and parabens. Allergy 2017; 72:1768-1777. [PMID: 28281298 DOI: 10.1111/all.13157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/02/2017] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Parabens may be added to cosmetic and personal care products for preservation purposes. Low-molecular weight (LMW) phthalate diesters function as plasticizers, fixatives or solvents in such products, but may also be found in small quantities as contaminants from plastic containers. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the association between emollient use, atopic dermatitis and FLG mutations, respectively, with urinary concentrations of phthalate metabolites and parabens in Danish children. METHODS Eight hundred and forty-five Danish children 4-9 years of age were studied. Urinary concentrations of phthalate metabolites and parabens were determined, and children were genotyped for common FLG loss-of-function mutations. Information about atopic dermatitis and use of emollients was obtained from questionnaires completed by parents. RESULTS The prevalence of atopic dermatitis was 16.1%. Phthalate metabolite and paraben levels were generally higher in children with frequent use of emollients compared to uncommon users, reaching statistical significance for some LMW phthalates and parabens. While there was no association with common FLG mutations, children with atopic dermatitis had significantly higher urinary levels of one LMW phthalate and two parabens, respectively, when compared to children without atopic dermatitis. CONCLUSION Emollient use and atopic dermatitis were associated with modestly increased internal LMW phthalate and paraben exposure in 4-9 year old children. It is unknown whether the difference is explained by increased use of the specific emollients that are used to treat pruritic and inflamed skin, and/or whether the impaired skin barrier allows chemicals to penetrate more easily. Moreover, the putative toxicological burden is unknown.
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Affiliation(s)
- L. E. K. Overgaard
- Dermatology and Allergy Copenhagen University Hospital Herlev and Gentofte Hellerup Denmark
| | - K. M. Main
- Growth and Reproduction Rigshospitalet University of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark
- International Center for Research and Research Training in Endocrine Disruption of Male Reproduction and Child Health (EDMaRC) Rigshospitalet University of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark
| | - H. Frederiksen
- Growth and Reproduction Rigshospitalet University of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark
- International Center for Research and Research Training in Endocrine Disruption of Male Reproduction and Child Health (EDMaRC) Rigshospitalet University of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark
| | - S. Stender
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry Copenhagen University Hospital Herlev and Gentofte Hellerup Denmark
| | - P. B. Szecsi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry Copenhagen University Hospital Herlev and Gentofte Hellerup Denmark
| | - H. C. Williams
- Centre of Evidence Based Dermatology University of Nottingham Nottingham UK
| | - J. P. Thyssen
- Dermatology and Allergy Copenhagen University Hospital Herlev and Gentofte Hellerup Denmark
- The National Allergy Research Centre Copenhagen University Hospital Herlev and Gentofte Hellerup Denmark
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50
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Benjamin S, Masai E, Kamimura N, Takahashi K, Anderson RC, Faisal PA. Phthalates impact human health: Epidemiological evidences and plausible mechanism of action. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2017; 340:360-383. [PMID: 28800814 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2017.06.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 400] [Impact Index Per Article: 57.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2016] [Revised: 01/08/2017] [Accepted: 06/17/2017] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Disregarding the rising alarm on the hazardous nature of various phthalates and their metabolites, ruthless usage of phthalates as plasticizer in plastics and as additives in innumerable consumer products continues due low their cost, attractive properties, and lack of suitable alternatives. Globally, in silico computational, in vitro mechanistic, in vivo preclinical and limited clinical or epidemiological human studies showed that over a dozen phthalates and their metabolites ingested passively by man from the general environment, foods, drinks, breathing air, and routine household products cause various dysfunctions. Thus, this review addresses the health hazards posed by phthalates on children and adolescents, epigenetic modulation, reproductive toxicity in women and men; insulin resistance and type II diabetes; overweight and obesity, skeletal anomalies, allergy and asthma, cancer, etc., coupled with the description of major phthalates and their general uses, phthalate exposure routes, biomonitoring and risk assessment, special account on endocrine disruption; and finally, a plausible molecular cross-talk with a unique mechanism of action. This clinically focused comprehensive review on the hazards of phthalates would benefit the general population, academia, scientists, clinicians, environmentalists, and law or policy makers to decide upon whether usage of phthalates to be continued swiftly without sufficient deceleration or regulated by law or to be phased out from earth forever.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sailas Benjamin
- Department of Bioengineering, Nagaoka University of Technology, Nagaoka, Niigata 940 2188, Japan; Enzyme Technology Laboratory, School of Biosciences, University of Calicut, Kerala 673 635, India.
| | - Eiji Masai
- Department of Bioengineering, Nagaoka University of Technology, Nagaoka, Niigata 940 2188, Japan
| | - Naofumi Kamimura
- Department of Bioengineering, Nagaoka University of Technology, Nagaoka, Niigata 940 2188, Japan
| | - Kenji Takahashi
- Department of Bioengineering, Nagaoka University of Technology, Nagaoka, Niigata 940 2188, Japan
| | - Robin C Anderson
- USDA Southern Plains Agricultural Research Center, Food and Feed Safety Research Unit, 2881 F&B Road, College Station, TX 77845, USA
| | - Panichikkal Abdul Faisal
- Enzyme Technology Laboratory, School of Biosciences, University of Calicut, Kerala 673 635, India
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