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Assens M, Frederiksen H, Pedersen AT, Petersen JH, Andersson AM, Sundberg K, Jensen LN, Curtin P, Skakkebæk NE, Swan SH, Main KM. Prenatal phthalate exposure and pubertal development in 16-year-old daughters: reproductive hormones and number of ovarian follicles. Hum Reprod 2024:deae229. [PMID: 39385341 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/deae229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Revised: 08/24/2024] [Indexed: 10/12/2024] Open
Abstract
STUDY QUESTION Is there a possible association between prenatal phthalate exposure and late effects in teenage daughters with respect to reproductive hormone levels, uterine volume, and number of ovarian follicles? SUMMARY ANSWER Our study showed subtle associations between phthalate metabolite concentrations in maternal serum from pregnancy or cord blood and LH and insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) levels as well as uterine volume in their daughters 16 years later. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY Endocrine-disrupting environmental chemicals may adversely affect human reproductive health, and many societies have experienced a trend toward earlier puberty and an increasing prevalence of infertility in young couples. The scientific evidence of adverse effects of foetal exposure to a large range of chemicals, including phthalates, on male reproductive health is growing, but very few studies have explored effects on female reproduction. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION This follow-up study included 317 teenage daughters who were part of the Copenhagen Mother-Child Cohort, a population-based longitudinal birth cohort of 1210 females born between 1997 and 2002. PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS A total of 317 female participants (median age 16 years) were examined for weight, height, and menstrual pattern. A serum sample was analysed for concentrations of reproductive hormones, and trans-abdominal 3D ultrasonography was performed to obtain the number of ovarian follicles, ovarian and uterine size. Prenatal maternal serum samples were available for 115 females, and cord blood samples were available for 118 females. These were analysed for concentrations of 32 phthalate metabolites. Weighted quantile sum regression was used for modelling associations of combined prenatal phthalate exposure with the reproductive outcomes in post-menarcheal females. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE In bivariate correlation analyses, negative significant associations were found between several prenatal phthalate metabolite concentrations and serum hormone concentrations (testosterone, 17-OH-progesterone, and IGF-1) as well as number of ovarian follicles in puberty. Positive significant correlations were found between prenatal phthalate exposure and FSH and sex hormone-binding globulin concentrations. Combined analyses of phthalate exposure (weighted quantile sums) showed significant negative associations with IGF-1 concentration and uterine volume as well as a significant positive association with LH concentration. LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION Phthalate metabolites were measured in serum from single prenatal maternal blood samples and cord blood samples. Potential concomitant exposure to other endocrine-disrupting environmental chemicals before or after birth was not controlled for. The study population size was limited. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS Our results support the need for further research into possible adverse effects of environmental chemicals during foetal development of the female reproductive system. STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTEREST(S) The work was supported by The Center on Endocrine Disruptors (CeHoS) under The Danish Environmental Protection Agency and The Ministry of Environment and Food (grant number: MST-621-00 065). No conflicts of interest are declared. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER N/A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Assens
- Department of Growth and Reproduction, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
- International Center for Research & Training in Endocrine Disruption of Male Reproduction & Child Health (EDMaRC), Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Hanne Frederiksen
- Department of Growth and Reproduction, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
- International Center for Research & Training in Endocrine Disruption of Male Reproduction & Child Health (EDMaRC), Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anette Tønnes Pedersen
- Department of Gynaecology, The Fertility Clinic, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jørgen Holm Petersen
- Department of Growth and Reproduction, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Section of Biostatistics, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anna-Maria Andersson
- Department of Growth and Reproduction, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
- International Center for Research & Training in Endocrine Disruption of Male Reproduction & Child Health (EDMaRC), Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Karin Sundberg
- Department of Obstetrics, Center of Fetal Medicine, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lisa Neerup Jensen
- Department of Obstetrics, Center of Fetal Medicine, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Paul Curtin
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Niels E Skakkebæk
- Department of Growth and Reproduction, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
- International Center for Research & Training in Endocrine Disruption of Male Reproduction & Child Health (EDMaRC), Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Shanna H Swan
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Katharina M Main
- Department of Growth and Reproduction, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
- International Center for Research & Training in Endocrine Disruption of Male Reproduction & Child Health (EDMaRC), Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Roddick C, Harris M, Hofman PL. The Metabolic Programming of Pubertal Onset. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 2024. [PMID: 39360615 DOI: 10.1111/cen.15138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Revised: 09/05/2024] [Accepted: 09/09/2024] [Indexed: 10/04/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is increasing evidence that maternal factors such as nutritional status (both under and over-nutrition) and diabetes, alongside prenatal exposure to endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs), are associated with early pubertal onset in offspring. Such children are also at increased risk of the metabolic syndrome during adolescence and young adulthood. AIM This literature review focuses on the role of the prenatal environment in programming pubertal onset, and the impact of prenatal metabolic stressors on the declining average age of puberty. METHOD A review of all relevant literature was conducted in PubMed by the authors. OUTCOME The mechanism for this appears to be mediated through metabolic signals, such as leptin and insulin, on the kisspeptin-neuronal nitric oxide-gonadotropin releasing hormone (KiNG) axis. Exposed children have an elevated risk of childhood obesity and display a phenotype of hyperinsunlinaemia and hyperleptinaemia. These metabolic changes permit an earlier attainment of the nutritional "threshold" for puberty. Unfortunately, this cycle may be amplified across subsequent generations, however early intervention may help "rescue" progression of this programming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clinton Roddick
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Queensland Children's Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Mark Harris
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Queensland Children's Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Paul L Hofman
- Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
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Rousseau-Ralliard D, Bozec J, Ouidir M, Jovanovic N, Gayrard V, Mellouk N, Dieudonné MN, Picard-Hagen N, Flores-Sanabria MJ, Jammes H, Philippat C, Couturier-Tarrade A. Short-Half-Life Chemicals: Maternal Exposure and Offspring Health Consequences-The Case of Synthetic Phenols, Parabens, and Phthalates. TOXICS 2024; 12:710. [PMID: 39453131 PMCID: PMC11511413 DOI: 10.3390/toxics12100710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2024] [Revised: 09/12/2024] [Accepted: 09/19/2024] [Indexed: 10/26/2024]
Abstract
Phenols, parabens, and phthalates (PPPs) are suspected or known endocrine disruptors. They are used in consumer products that pregnant women and their progeny are exposed to daily through the placenta, which could affect offspring health. This review aims to compile data from cohort studies and in vitro and in vivo models to provide a summary regarding placental transfer, fetoplacental development, and the predisposition to adult diseases resulting from maternal exposure to PPPs during the gestational period. In humans, using the concentration of pollutants in maternal urine, and taking the offspring sex into account, positive or negative associations have been observed concerning placental or newborn weight, children's BMI, blood pressure, gonadal function, or age at puberty. In animal models, without taking sex into account, alterations of placental structure and gene expression linked to hormones or DNA methylation were related to phenol exposure. At the postnatal stage, pollutants affect the bodyweight, the carbohydrate metabolism, the cardiovascular system, gonadal development, the age of puberty, sex/thyroid hormones, and gamete quality, but these effects depend on the age and sex. Future challenges will be to explore the effects of pollutants in mixtures using models and to identify the early signatures of in utero exposure capable of predicting the health trajectory of the offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Delphine Rousseau-Ralliard
- Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, INRAE, BREED, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France
- Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d’Alfort, BREED, 94700 Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Jeanne Bozec
- Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, INRAE, BREED, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France
- Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d’Alfort, BREED, 94700 Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Marion Ouidir
- University Grenoble Alpes, Inserm U1209, CNRS UMR 5309, Team of Environmental Epidemiology Applied to Development and Respiratory Health, Institute for Advanced Biosciences, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Nicolas Jovanovic
- University Grenoble Alpes, Inserm U1209, CNRS UMR 5309, Team of Environmental Epidemiology Applied to Development and Respiratory Health, Institute for Advanced Biosciences, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Véronique Gayrard
- ToxAlim (Research Center in Food Toxicology), Université de Toulouse, INRAE, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS, 31062 Toulouse, France
| | - Namya Mellouk
- Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, INRAE, BREED, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France
- Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d’Alfort, BREED, 94700 Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Marie-Noëlle Dieudonné
- Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, INRAE, BREED, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France
- Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d’Alfort, BREED, 94700 Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Nicole Picard-Hagen
- ToxAlim (Research Center in Food Toxicology), Université de Toulouse, INRAE, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS, 31062 Toulouse, France
| | - Maria-José Flores-Sanabria
- Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, INRAE, BREED, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France
- Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d’Alfort, BREED, 94700 Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Hélène Jammes
- Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, INRAE, BREED, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France
- Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d’Alfort, BREED, 94700 Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Claire Philippat
- University Grenoble Alpes, Inserm U1209, CNRS UMR 5309, Team of Environmental Epidemiology Applied to Development and Respiratory Health, Institute for Advanced Biosciences, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Anne Couturier-Tarrade
- Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, INRAE, BREED, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France
- Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d’Alfort, BREED, 94700 Maisons-Alfort, France
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Choe Y, Kim KN, Lee YJ, Kim JI, Kim BN, Lim YH, Hong YC, Shin CH, Lee YA. Prenatal and childhood exposure to endocrine-disrupting chemicals and early thelarche in 8-year-old girls: A prospective study using Bayesian kernel regression. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 263:120056. [PMID: 39343343 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.120056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2024] [Revised: 09/20/2024] [Accepted: 09/22/2024] [Indexed: 10/01/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies on the combined effects of persistent and non-persistent endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) on puberty are insufficient. To date, no studies have analyzed breast development at age 8 years, a key criterion for determining precocious puberty. We investigated the relationship between prenatal or childhood exposure to EDC mixtures and early thelarche, defined as breast development before age 8 years in girls. METHODS This prospective study included 211 girls with data on prenatal and 8-year-old exposure of cadmium (Cd), lead, mercury, bisphenol-A (BPA), 3-phenoxybenzoic acid, and three phthalate metabolites from the Environment and Development of Children cohort. Prenatal exposure was assessed through samples from pregnant women at 14-27th weeks of gestation. Tanner staging was assessed by a pediatric endocrinologist. The relationship between single and mixed chemical exposures and outcomes was assessed using logistic regression, generalized additive models (GAM), and Bayesian kernel machine regression (BKMR) models. RESULTS Early thelarche was observed in 42 (19.9%) girls at age 8 years. In the logistic regression models, the risk of early thelarche increased with increased exposure to Cd in their mothers (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] per interquartile range [IQR] = 1.80, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.23-2.65) but decreased with prenatal BPA exposure (aOR per IQR = 0.57, 95% CI 0.35-0.92). None of the 8-year-old chemical exposures was associated with early thelarche. In the GAM, early thelarche was positively correlated with prenatal Cd and inversely associated with prenatal BPA exposure (p = 0.004 for Cd and p = 0.036 for BPA). In the BKMR models, an increase in log-transformed prenatal Cd concentrations from the 25th to 75th percentile was associated with an increase in the estimated probability of early thelarche at age 8 years (risk difference: 0.46 [95% credible interval: 0.04-0.88]) when other chemicals were set at their median values. CONCLUSIONS Considering the combined effects of persistent and non-persistent chemical mixtures, maternal Cd exposure during the second trimester may be associated with early thelarche in 8-year-old girls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunsoo Choe
- Department of Pediatrics, Hanyang University Guri Hospital, Guri, South Korea; Department of Pediatrics, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Kyoung-Nam Kim
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yun Jeong Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Johanna Inhyang Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Bung-Nyun Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Youn-Hee Lim
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea; Section of Environmental Health, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Yun-Chul Hong
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea; Department of Human Systems Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Choong Ho Shin
- Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Young Ah Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.
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Freire C, Castiello F, Babarro I, Anguita-Ruiz A, Casas M, Vrijheid M, Sarzo B, Beneito A, Kadawathagedara M, Philippat C, Thomsen C, Sakhi AK, Lopez-Espinosa MJ. Association of prenatal exposure to phthalates and synthetic phenols with pubertal development in three European cohorts. Int J Hyg Environ Health 2024; 261:114418. [PMID: 38968838 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2024.114418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Revised: 06/28/2024] [Accepted: 06/30/2024] [Indexed: 07/07/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is limited epidemiological evidence on the association of prenatal exposure to phthalates and synthetic phenols with altered pubertal timing. OBJECTIVE To examine the association of prenatal exposure to phthalates, bisphenol A (BPA), parabens, benzophenone 3 (BP-3), and triclosan (TCS) with pubertal development in girls and boys from three European cohorts. METHODS Urinary metabolites of six different phthalate diesters (DEP, DiBP, DnBP, BBzP, DEHP, and DiNP), BPA, methyl- (MePB), ethyl- (EtPB), propyl- (PrPB), and butyl-paraben (BuPB), BP-3, and TCS were quantified in one or two (1st and 3rd trimester) urine samples collected during pregnancy (1999-2008) from mothers in three birth cohorts: INMA (Spain), EDEN (France), and MoBa (Norway). Pubertal development of their children was assessed at a single visit at age 7-12 years (579 girls, 644 boys) using the parent-reported Pubertal Development Scale (PDS). Mixed-effect Poisson and g-computation and Bayesian Kernel Machine Regression (BKMR) were employed to examine associations of individual and combined prenatal chemical exposure, respectively, with the probability of overall pubertal onset, adrenarche, and gonadarche (stage 2+) in girls and boys. Effect modification by child body mass index (BMI) was also assessed. RESULTS Maternal concentrations of the molar sum of DEHP and of DiNP metabolites were associated with a slightly higher probability of having started puberty in boys (relative risk, RR [95% CI] = 1.13 [0.98-1.30] and 1.20 [1.06-1.34], respectively, for a two-fold increase in concentrations), with a stronger association for DiNP in boys with overweight or obesity. In contrast, BPA, BuPB, EtPB, and PrPB were associated with a lower probability of pubertal onset, adrenarche, and/or gonadarche in all boys (e.g. overall puberty, BPA: RR [95% CI] = 0.93 [0.85-1.01] and BuPB: 0.95 [0.90-1.00], respectively), and the association with BPA was stronger in boys with underweight/normal weight. In girls, MEHP and BPA were associated with delayed gonadarche in those with underweight/normal weight (RR [95% CI] = 0.86 [0.77-0.95] and 0.90 [0.84-0.97], respectively). Most of these associations were trimester specific. However, the chemical mixture was not associated with any pubertal outcome in boys or girls. CONCLUSIONS Prenatal exposure to certain phthalates and synthetic phenols such as BPA may impact the pubertal development of boys, and weight status may modify this effect. BPA may also alter the pubertal development of girls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Freire
- Department of Legal Medicine, Toxicology, and Physical Anthropology, School of Medicine, University of Granada, 18016, Granada, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs.GRANADA), 18012, Granada, Spain; CIBER of Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Francesca Castiello
- Pediatric Unit, Germans Trias I Pujol University Hospital, 08916, Badalona, Spain
| | - Izaro Babarro
- Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EU), 20014, Donostia/San Sebastián, Spain; Biogipuzkoa Health Research Institute, 20014, Donostia/San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Augusto Anguita-Ruiz
- ISGlobal, 08036, Barcelona, Spain; CIBER of Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Maribel Casas
- ISGlobal, 08036, Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 08005, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Martine Vrijheid
- CIBER of Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029, Madrid, Spain; ISGlobal, 08036, Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 08005, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Blanca Sarzo
- CIBER of Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029, Madrid, Spain; Epidemiology and Environmental Health Joint Research Unit, FISABIO-Jaume I University-University of Valencia, 46020, Valencia, Spain
| | - Andrea Beneito
- Epidemiology and Environmental Health Joint Research Unit, FISABIO-Jaume I University-University of Valencia, 46020, Valencia, Spain
| | - Manik Kadawathagedara
- Université Paris Cité and Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, Inserm, INRAE, 75004, Paris, France
| | - Claire Philippat
- University Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, U1209, CNRS UMR 5309, Team of Environmental Epidemiology Applied to Reproduction and Respiratory Health, Institute for Advanced Biosciences, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Cathrine Thomsen
- Department of Food Safety, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, 0456, Oslo, Norway
| | - Amrit Kaur Sakhi
- Department of Food Safety, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, 0456, Oslo, Norway
| | - Maria-Jose Lopez-Espinosa
- CIBER of Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029, Madrid, Spain; Epidemiology and Environmental Health Joint Research Unit, FISABIO-Jaume I University-University of Valencia, 46020, Valencia, Spain; Department of Nursing, Faculty of Nursing and Chiropody, University of Valencia, 46010, Valencia, Spain
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Charkiewicz AE, Omeljaniuk WJ, Nikliński J. Bisphenol A-What Do We Know? A Global or Local Approach at the Public Health Risk Level. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6229. [PMID: 38892416 PMCID: PMC11172700 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25116229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2024] [Revised: 05/31/2024] [Accepted: 06/02/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
BPA has demonstrated enormous multisystem and multi-organ toxicity shown mainly in animal models. Meanwhile, the effects of its exposure in humans still require years of observation, research, and answers to many questions. Even minimal and short-term exposure contributes to disorders or various types of dysfunction. It is released directly or indirectly into the environment at every stage of the product life cycle, demonstrating its ease of penetration into the body. The ubiquity and general prevalence of BPA influenced the main objective of the study, which was to assess the toxicity and health effects of BPA and its derivatives based on the available literature. In addition, the guidelines of various international institutions or regions of the world in terms of its reduction in individual products were checked. Bisphenol A is the most widely known chemical and perhaps even the most studied by virtually all international or national organizations, but nonetheless, it is still controversial. In general, the level of BPA biomonitoring is still too high and poses a potential threat to public health. It is beginning to be widely argued that future toxicity studies should focus on molecular biology and the assessment of human exposure to BPA, as well as its substitutes. The effects of its exposure still require years of observation, extensive research, and answers to many questions. It is necessary to continue to deepen the knowledge and interest of many organizations, companies, and consumers around the world in order to make rational purchases as well as future choices, not only consumer ones.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Wioleta Justyna Omeljaniuk
- Department of Analysis and Bioanalysis of Medicines, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-222 Bialystok, Poland
| | - Jacek Nikliński
- Department of Clinical Molecular Biology, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-269 Bialystok, Poland
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Nie P, Lan Y, You T, Jia T, Xu H. F-53B mediated ROS affects uterine development in rats during puberty by inducing apoptosis. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2024; 277:116399. [PMID: 38677070 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2024.116399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2024] [Revised: 04/13/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024]
Abstract
Perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs), as pollutants, can cause palpable environmental and health impacts around the world, as endocrine disruptors, can disrupt endocrine homeostasis and increase the risk of diseases. Chlorinated polyfluoroalkyl ether sulfonate (F-53B), as a substitute for PFAS, was determined to have potential toxicity. Puberty is the stage when sexual organs develop and hormones change dramatically, and abnormal uterine development can increase the risk of uterine lesions and lead to infertility. This study was designed to explore the impact of F-53B on uterine development during puberty. Four-week-old female SD rats were exposed to 0.125 and 6.25 mg/L F-53B during puberty. The results showed that F-53B interfered with growth and sex hormone levels and bound to oestrogen-related receptors, which affected their function, contributed to the accumulation of reactive oxygen species, promoted cell apoptosis and inhibited cell proliferation, ultimately causing uterine dysplasia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Penghui Nie
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, PR China
| | - Yuzhi Lan
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, PR China
| | - Tao You
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, PR China
| | - Tiantian Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, PR China
| | - Hengyi Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, PR China; International Institute of Food Innovation Co., Ltd., Nanchang University, Nanchang 330200, PR China.
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Sieck NE, Bruening M, van Woerden I, Whisner C, Payne-Sturges DC. Effects of Behavioral, Clinical, and Policy Interventions in Reducing Human Exposure to Bisphenols and Phthalates: A Scoping Review. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2024; 132:36001. [PMID: 38477609 PMCID: PMC10936218 DOI: 10.1289/ehp11760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is growing interest in evidence-based interventions, programs, and policies to mitigate exposures to bisphenols and phthalates and in using implementation science frameworks to evaluate hypotheses regarding the importance of specific approaches to individual or household behavior change or institutions adopting interventions. OBJECTIVES This scoping review aimed to identify, categorize, and summarize the effects of behavioral, clinical, and policy interventions focused on exposure to the most widely used and studied bisphenols [bisphenol A (BPA), bisphenol S (BPS), and bisphenol F (BPF)] and phthalates with an implementation science lens. METHODS A comprehensive search of all individual behavior, clinical, and policy interventions to reduce exposure to bisphenols and phthalates was conducted using PubMed, Web of Science, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), and Google Scholar. We included studies published between January 2000 and November 2022. Two reviewers screened references in CADIMA, then extracted data (population characteristics, intervention design, chemicals assessed, and outcomes) for studies meeting inclusion criteria for the present review. RESULTS A total of 58 interventions met the inclusion criteria. We classified interventions as dietary (n = 27 ), clinical (n = 13 ), policy (n = 14 ), and those falling outside of these three categories as "other" (n = 4 ). Most interventions (81%, 47/58) demonstrated a decrease in exposure to bisphenols and/or phthalates, with policy level interventions having the largest magnitude of effect. DISCUSSION Studies evaluating policy interventions that targeted the reduction of phthalates and BPA in goods and packaging showed widespread, long-term impact on decreasing exposure to bisphenols and phthalates. Clinical interventions removing bisphenol and phthalate materials from medical devices and equipment showed overall reductions in exposure biomarkers. Dietary interventions tended to lower exposure with the greatest magnitude of effect in trials where fresh foods were provided to participants. The lower exposure reductions observed in pragmatic nutrition education trials and the lack of diversity (sociodemographic backgrounds) present limitations for generalizability to all populations. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP11760.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole E. Sieck
- Maryland Institute for Applied Environmental Health, School of Public Health, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA
| | - Meg Bruening
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Irene van Woerden
- Department of Community and Public Health, Idaho State University, Pocatello, Idaho, USA
| | - Corrie Whisner
- College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
| | - Devon C. Payne-Sturges
- Maryland Institute for Applied Environmental Health, School of Public Health, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA
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Kay JE, Brody JG, Schwarzman M, Rudel RA. Application of the Key Characteristics Framework to Identify Potential Breast Carcinogens Using Publicly Available in Vivo, in Vitro, and in Silico Data. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2024; 132:17002. [PMID: 38197648 PMCID: PMC10777819 DOI: 10.1289/ehp13233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chemicals that induce mammary tumors in rodents or activate estrogen or progesterone signaling are likely to increase breast cancer (BC) risk. Identifying chemicals with these activities can prompt steps to protect human health. OBJECTIVES We compiled data on rodent tumors, endocrine activity, and genotoxicity to assess the key characteristics (KCs) of rodent mammary carcinogens (MCs), and to identify other chemicals that exhibit these effects and may therefore increase BC risk. METHODS Using authoritative databases, including International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) Monographs and the US Environmental Protection's (EPA) ToxCast, we selected chemicals that induce mammary tumors in rodents, stimulate estradiol or progesterone synthesis, or activate the estrogen receptor (ER) in vitro. We classified these chemicals by their genotoxicity and strength of endocrine activity and calculated the overrepresentation (enrichment) of these KCs among MCs. Finally, we evaluated whether these KCs predict whether a chemical is likely to induce mammary tumors. RESULTS We identified 279 MCs and an additional 642 chemicals that stimulate estrogen or progesterone signaling. MCs were significantly enriched for steroidogenicity, ER agonism, and genotoxicity, supporting the use of these KCs to predict whether a chemical is likely to induce rodent mammary tumors and, by inference, increase BC risk. More MCs were steroidogens than ER agonists, and many increased both estradiol and progesterone. Enrichment among MCs was greater for strong endocrine activity vs. weak or inactive, with a significant trend. DISCUSSION We identified hundreds of compounds that have biological activities that could increase BC risk and demonstrated that these activities are enriched among MCs. We argue that many of these should not be considered low hazard without investigating their ability to affect the breast, and chemicals with the strongest evidence can be targeted for exposure reduction. We describe ways to strengthen hazard identification, including improved assessments for mammary effects, developing assays for more KCs, and more comprehensive chemical testing. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP13233.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Megan Schwarzman
- School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA
- Family and Community Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
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10
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Rabotnick MH, Ehlinger J, Haidari A, Goodrich JM. Prenatal exposures to endocrine disrupting chemicals: The role of multi-omics in understanding toxicity. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2023; 578:112046. [PMID: 37598796 PMCID: PMC10592024 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2023.112046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
Endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) are a diverse group of toxicants detected in populations globally. Prenatal EDC exposures impact birth and childhood outcomes. EDCs work through persistent changes at the molecular, cellular, and organ level. Molecular and biochemical signals or 'omics' can be measured at various functional levels - including the epigenome, transcriptome, proteome, metabolome, and the microbiome. In this narrative review, we introduce each omics and give examples of associations with prenatal EDC exposures. There is substantial research on epigenomic modifications in offspring exposed to EDCs during gestation, and a growing number of studies evaluating the transcriptome, proteome, metabolome, or microbiome in response to these exposures. Multi-omics, integrating data across omics layers, may improve understanding of disrupted function pathways related to early life exposures. We highlight several data integration methods to consider in multi-omics studies. Information from multi-omics can improve understanding of the biological processes and mechanisms underlying prenatal EDC toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaret H Rabotnick
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, 1415 Washington Heights, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Jessa Ehlinger
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, 1415 Washington Heights, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Ariana Haidari
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, 1415 Washington Heights, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Jaclyn M Goodrich
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, 1415 Washington Heights, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.
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11
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Mishra A, Goel D, Shankar S. Bisphenol A contamination in aquatic environments: a review of sources, environmental concerns, and microbial remediation. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2023; 195:1352. [PMID: 37861868 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-023-11977-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
The production of polycarbonate, a high-performance transparent plastic, employs bisphenol A, which is a prominent endocrine-disrupting compound. Polycarbonates are frequently used in the manufacturing of food, bottles, storage containers for newborns, and beverage packaging materials. Global production of BPA in 2022 was estimated to be in the region of 10 million tonnes. About 65-70% of all bisphenol A is used to make polycarbonate plastics. Bisphenol A leaches from improperly disposed plastic items and enters the environment through wastewater from plastic-producing industries, contaminating, sediments, surface water, and ground water. The concentration BPA in industrial and domestic wastewater ranges from 16 to 1465 ng/L while in surface water it has been detected 170-3113 ng/L. Wastewater treatment can be highly effective at removing BPA, giving reductions of 91-98%. Regardless, the remaining 2-9% of BPA will continue through to the environment, with low levels of BPA commonly observed in surface water and sediment in the USA and Europe. The health effects of BPA have been the subject of prolonged public and scientific debate, with PubMed listing more than 17,000 scientific papers as of 2023. Bisphenol A poses environmental and health hazards in aquatic systems, affecting ecosystems and human health. While several studies have revealed its presence in aqueous streams, environmentally sound technologies should be explored for its removal from the contaminated environment. Concern is mostly related to its estrogen-like activity, although it can interact with other receptor systems as an endocrine-disrupting chemical. Present review article encompasses the updated information on sources, environmental concerns, and sustainable remediation techniques for bisphenol A removal from aquatic ecosystems, discussing gaps, constraints, and future research requirements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anuradha Mishra
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Vocational Studies and Applied Sciences (SoVSAS), Gautam Buddha University (GBU), Govt. of Uttar Pradesh, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, 201 312, India
| | - Divya Goel
- Department of Environmental Science, School of Vocational Studies and Applied Sciences (SoVSAS), Gautam Buddha University (GBU), Govt. of Uttar Pradesh, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, 201 312, India
| | - Shiv Shankar
- Department of Environmental Science, School of Vocational Studies and Applied Sciences (SoVSAS), Gautam Buddha University (GBU), Govt. of Uttar Pradesh, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, 201 312, India.
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12
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Cox B, Wauters N, Rodríguez-Carrillo A, Portengen L, Gerofke A, Kolossa-Gehring M, Lignell S, Lindroos AK, Fabelova L, Murinova LP, Desalegn A, Iszatt N, Schillemans T, Åkesson A, Colles A, Den Hond E, Koppen G, Van Larebeke N, Schoeters G, Govarts E, Remy S. PFAS and Phthalate/DINCH Exposure in Association with Age at Menarche in Teenagers of the HBM4EU Aligned Studies. TOXICS 2023; 11:711. [PMID: 37624216 PMCID: PMC10459167 DOI: 10.3390/toxics11080711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Revised: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
Early puberty has been found to be associated with adverse health outcomes such as metabolic and cardiovascular diseases and hormone-dependent cancers. The decrease in age at menarche observed during the past decades has been linked to an increased exposure to endocrine-disrupting compounds (EDCs). Evidence for the association between PFAS and phthalate exposure and menarche onset, however, is inconsistent. We studied the association between PFAS and phthalate/DINCH exposure and age at menarche using data of 514 teenagers (12 to 18 years) from four aligned studies of the Human Biomonitoring for Europe initiative (HBM4EU): Riksmaten Adolescents 2016-2017 (Sweden), PCB cohort (follow-up; Slovakia), GerES V-sub (Germany), and FLEHS IV (Belgium). PFAS concentrations were measured in blood, and phthalate/DINCH concentrations in urine. We assessed the role of each individual pollutant within the context of the others, by using different multi-pollutant approaches, adjusting for age, age- and sex-standardized body mass index z-score and household educational level. Exposure to di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP), especially mono(2-ethyl-5-hydroxyhexyl) phthalate (5OH-MEHP), was associated with an earlier age at menarche, with estimates per interquartile fold change in 5OH-MEHP ranging from -0.34 to -0.12 years in the different models. Findings from this study indicated associations between age at menarche and some specific EDCs at concentrations detected in the general European population, but due to the study design (menarche onset preceded the chemical measurements), caution is needed in the interpretation of causality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bianca Cox
- VITO Health, Flemish Institute for Technological Research (VITO), Boeretang 200, 2400 Mol, Belgium; (N.W.); (A.R.-C.); (A.C.); (G.K.); (G.S.); (E.G.); (S.R.)
| | - Natasha Wauters
- VITO Health, Flemish Institute for Technological Research (VITO), Boeretang 200, 2400 Mol, Belgium; (N.W.); (A.R.-C.); (A.C.); (G.K.); (G.S.); (E.G.); (S.R.)
| | - Andrea Rodríguez-Carrillo
- VITO Health, Flemish Institute for Technological Research (VITO), Boeretang 200, 2400 Mol, Belgium; (N.W.); (A.R.-C.); (A.C.); (G.K.); (G.S.); (E.G.); (S.R.)
- Toxicological Centre, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein, 1, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Lützen Portengen
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, 3584 Utrecht, The Netherlands;
| | - Antje Gerofke
- German Environment Agency, Umweltbundesamt (UBA), 14195 Berlin, Germany; (A.G.); (M.K.-G.)
| | - Marike Kolossa-Gehring
- German Environment Agency, Umweltbundesamt (UBA), 14195 Berlin, Germany; (A.G.); (M.K.-G.)
| | - Sanna Lignell
- Swedish Food Agency, 751 26 Uppsala, Sweden; (S.L.); (A.K.L.)
| | | | - Lucia Fabelova
- Department of Environmental Medicine, Faculty of Public Health, Slovak Medical University, 831 01 Bratislava, Slovakia; (L.F.); (L.P.M.)
| | - Lubica Palkovicova Murinova
- Department of Environmental Medicine, Faculty of Public Health, Slovak Medical University, 831 01 Bratislava, Slovakia; (L.F.); (L.P.M.)
| | - Anteneh Desalegn
- Division of Climate and Environmental Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, 0456 Oslo, Norway; (A.D.); (N.I.)
| | - Nina Iszatt
- Division of Climate and Environmental Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, 0456 Oslo, Norway; (A.D.); (N.I.)
| | - Tessa Schillemans
- Unit of Cardiovascular and Nutritional Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden; (T.S.); (A.Å.)
| | - Agneta Åkesson
- Unit of Cardiovascular and Nutritional Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden; (T.S.); (A.Å.)
| | - Ann Colles
- VITO Health, Flemish Institute for Technological Research (VITO), Boeretang 200, 2400 Mol, Belgium; (N.W.); (A.R.-C.); (A.C.); (G.K.); (G.S.); (E.G.); (S.R.)
| | - Elly Den Hond
- Provincial Institute of Hygiene, Provincial Research Centre for Environment and Health, 2023 Antwerp, Belgium;
| | - Gudrun Koppen
- VITO Health, Flemish Institute for Technological Research (VITO), Boeretang 200, 2400 Mol, Belgium; (N.W.); (A.R.-C.); (A.C.); (G.K.); (G.S.); (E.G.); (S.R.)
| | - Nicolas Van Larebeke
- Analytical, Environmental and Geo-Chemistry, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, 1050 Brussels, Belgium;
| | - Greet Schoeters
- VITO Health, Flemish Institute for Technological Research (VITO), Boeretang 200, 2400 Mol, Belgium; (N.W.); (A.R.-C.); (A.C.); (G.K.); (G.S.); (E.G.); (S.R.)
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, 2000 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Eva Govarts
- VITO Health, Flemish Institute for Technological Research (VITO), Boeretang 200, 2400 Mol, Belgium; (N.W.); (A.R.-C.); (A.C.); (G.K.); (G.S.); (E.G.); (S.R.)
| | - Sylvie Remy
- VITO Health, Flemish Institute for Technological Research (VITO), Boeretang 200, 2400 Mol, Belgium; (N.W.); (A.R.-C.); (A.C.); (G.K.); (G.S.); (E.G.); (S.R.)
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Anastasiadis X, Matsas A, Panoskaltsis T, Bakas P, Papadimitriou DT, Christopoulos P. Impact of Chemicals on the Age of Menarche: A Literature Review. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 10:1234. [PMID: 37508731 PMCID: PMC10378553 DOI: 10.3390/children10071234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Revised: 07/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
A growing body of evidence suggests that chemicals interfere with the age of onset of menarche. We conducted a review in order to demonstrate the relationship between several categories of chemicals and menarche. We searched for English language papers using the Medline/PubMed database until April 2023. The chemical factors found to affect menarche were prenatal and antenatal smoke, phthalates, phenols, organochlorines, perfluoroalkyls and polyfluoroalkyls, metals, air pollutants and polybrominated diphenyl ethers. Low or high exposure to each chemical compound could affect the age of menarche, leading to early or delayed menarche. Furthermore, the results show that intrauterine exposure may have a different impact from antenatal exposure. There is evidence that endocrine-disrupting chemicals affect the age of menarche, but more research needs to be conducted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xristos Anastasiadis
- Second Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, "Aretaieion" Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11528 Athens, Greece
| | - Alkis Matsas
- Second Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, "Aretaieion" Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11528 Athens, Greece
| | - Theodoros Panoskaltsis
- Second Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, "Aretaieion" Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11528 Athens, Greece
| | - Panagiotis Bakas
- Second Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, "Aretaieion" Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11528 Athens, Greece
| | - Dimitrios T Papadimitriou
- Second Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, "Aretaieion" Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11528 Athens, Greece
| | - Panagiotis Christopoulos
- Second Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, "Aretaieion" Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11528 Athens, Greece
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Liu J, Gao D, Li Y, Song X, Chen M, Ma Q, Wang X, Cui M, Guo T, Chen L, Zhang Y, Yuan W, Ma T, Jiang J, Dong Y, Zou Z, Ma J. Persistent high exposure to exogenous phthalates and endogenous sex hormones associated with early pubertal onset among children: A 3.5-year longitudinal cohort study in China. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2023; 262:115199. [PMID: 37390727 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.115199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 06/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Early onset of puberty could have significant impacts on childhood health, but the extent to which it was affected by phthalate esters (PAEs) and sex hormone disruption was not understood. The aim of this study is to investigate the associations between exposure to PAEs and sex hormone disruption and early onset of puberty in children. METHODS A longitudinal cohort study was conducted in China from May 2017 to Oct 2020, involving 740 children during consecutive visits. The onset of puberty was evaluated using Tanner definition, and early puberty was defined as an onset age less than the first 25 %, with cut-offs of 10.33 and 8.97 years for boys and girls, respectively. Serum testosterone (TT), estradiol (E2) and urinary PAE metabolites were measured during three visits. Generalized linear models were used to explore the associations between PAE and sex hormones with the age of puberty onset, while log-binomial regressions were applied to assess the associations of persistent exposure to PAEs and sex hormones with early pubertal onset. RESULTS Approximately 86.0 % of boys and 90.2 % of girls completed puberty onset from pre-puberty, and more than 95 % of participants had PAE concentrations higher than the limit of detection. Boys showed higher exposure to PAE pollutants and higher TT levels. Persistent exposure to PAEs was positively associated with early pubertal onset in girls (ARR = 1.97, 95 %CI = 1.12, 3.46). Moreover, persistent exposure to PAEs and E2 had synergistic associations with early pubertal onset in both boys (ARR = 4.77, 95 %CI = 1.06, 21.54) and girls (ARR = 7.07, 95 %CI = 1.51, 33.10). However, PAEs and TT had antagonistic associations only in boys (ARR = 0.44, 95 %CI = 0.07, 2.58). CONCLUSION Long-term exposure to PAEs might increase the risk of early pubertal onset, and it appears to work in synergy with E2, while in antagonism with TT in boys' early pubertal onset. Reducing PAEs exposure might promote pubertal health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jieyu Liu
- Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, Beijing, China
| | - Di Gao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yanhui Li
- School of Nursing, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Xinli Song
- Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, Beijing, China
| | - Manman Chen
- Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, Beijing, China
| | - Qi Ma
- Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, Beijing, China
| | - Xinxin Wang
- School of Public Health and Management, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Mengjie Cui
- Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, Beijing, China
| | - Tongjun Guo
- Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, Beijing, China
| | - Li Chen
- Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, Beijing, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, Beijing, China
| | - Wen Yuan
- Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, Beijing, China
| | - Tao Ma
- Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, Beijing, China
| | - Jianuo Jiang
- Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, Beijing, China
| | - Yanhui Dong
- Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, Beijing, China.
| | - Zhiyong Zou
- Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, Beijing, China.
| | - Jun Ma
- Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, Beijing, China
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Su PH, Huang JY, Wang SLJ, Chang HP. Phthalates exposure and pubertal development in a 15-year follow-up birth cohort study in Taiwan. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1065918. [PMID: 37288299 PMCID: PMC10242106 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1065918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Phthalates are ubiquitous endocrine disruptors that can affect pubertal development in children. The association of fetal and childhood levels of phthalates with pubertal development were explored. Methods We conduct a population-based birth cohort study to investigate the association between prenatal and childhood exposure to phthalates and pubertal development. Initially, a total of 445 children were recruited from 2000 to 2001, of which 90 children were followed for 15 years which measurements of urine and development assessed at 2, 5, 8, 11, and 14 years. We defined higher Tanner stage as the 14-year-old Tanner stage ≥ 4 and 5 for boys and girls, respectively. A logistic regression analysis was conducted to estimate the crude and adjusted odds ratio of a higher Tanner stage at 14 years old. The Pearson correlation coefficient and multiple linear regression were used to estimate the association of testicular volume, uterine volume, ovarian volume, and blood hormones at 14 years of age with the log-transformed concentration of phthalates at 2, 5, 8, 11, and 14 years. Results In boys, a significantly different geometric mean of mono-benzyl phthalate (MBzP) was observed in 11-year-olds; 6.82 and 2.96 in the lower Tanner stage group and higher Tanner stage group. In girls, a significant difference in the geometric mean of mono(2-ethyl-5-hydroxyhexyl) phthalate (MEHHP) in 11-year-olds and mono-ethyl phthalate (MEP) in 2-year-olds was observed; MEHHP was 32.97 and 18.13 in the lower Tanner stage group and higher Tanner stage group, and MEP was 26.54 and 65.74 in the lower Tanner stage group and higher Tanner stage group, respectively. Uterine volume at 14 years old was negatively associated with several phthalate metabolites (MEHP at 8 years old, MnBP at 8 years old, MBzP at 14 years old, MMP prenatally, MMP at 8 years old, and MEP at 8 years old) after adjusting for covariates. However, no significant correlations were found between phthalate metabolites and ovarian or testicular volume. Conclusion Phthalate exposure at certain time points may influence the reproductive development of children during puberty; however, further studies should be conducted to determine the causal nature of this association.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pen-Hua Su
- Department of Pediatrics, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Jing-Yang Huang
- Department of Medical Research, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Li Julie Wang
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan
- Department of Public Health, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hua-Pin Chang
- Department of Nursing, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
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Wu Y, Montrose L, Kochmanski JK, Dolinoy DC, Téllez-Rojo MM, Cantoral A, Mercado-García A, Peterson KE, Goodrich JM. Is adiposity related to repeat measures of blood leukocyte DNA methylation across childhood and adolescence? Clin Obes 2023; 13:e12566. [PMID: 36416295 PMCID: PMC9991944 DOI: 10.1111/cob.12566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2021] [Revised: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Epigenetic modifications such as DNA methylation may influence gene expression and phenotypes, including obesity in childhood. The directionality of this relationship is nevertheless unclear, and some evidence suggests that adiposity modifies the epigenome, rather than the other way around. In this pilot study, we utilize data from the Early Life Exposures in Mexico to Environmental Toxicants (ELEMENT) study to examine whether measures of adiposity in childhood and early adolescence are associated with repeated measures of blood leukocyte DNA methylation at LINE-1 repetitive elements and two genes implicated in growth and adiposity: H19 and HSD11B2. Longitudinal epigenetic data were generated from cord blood and blood from follow-up visits in early and late adolescence. We assessed interactions between age and measures of body mass index (BMI) at 5 years of age and weight, BMI and waist circumference in early adolescence to infer whether adiposity deflects age-related DNA methylation changes throughout childhood. Applying linear mixed-effects models, we found an inverse association between measures of childhood BMI (kg/m2 ) and early-teen weight (kg) with repeat measures of H19 DNA methylation. We did not observe any statistically significant associations (p-value <.05) between any anthropometric measures and DNA methylation at LINE-1 or HSD11B2. We did not demonstrate statistically significant evidence in support of deflection of age-related DNA methylation trajectories by adiposity-related measures (age by adiposity interaction term). Given the pilot nature of this study, the relationships between repeat measures of DNA methylation and adiposity-measures across childhood merit further exploration in larger study populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Wu
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biostatistics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, CN
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Luke Montrose
- Department of Community and Environmental Health, Boise State University, Boise, ID, USA
| | - Joseph K. Kochmanski
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
| | - Dana C. Dolinoy
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Martha M Téllez-Rojo
- Center for Nutrition and Health Research, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Morelos, MX
| | | | - Adriana Mercado-García
- Center for Nutrition and Health Research, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Morelos, MX
| | - Karen E. Peterson
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Jaclyn M. Goodrich
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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Lambré C, Barat Baviera JM, Bolognesi C, Chesson A, Cocconcelli PS, Crebelli R, Gott DM, Grob K, Lampi E, Mengelers M, Mortensen A, Rivière G, Silano (until 21 December 2020†) V, Steffensen I, Tlustos C, Vernis L, Zorn H, Batke M, Bignami M, Corsini E, FitzGerald R, Gundert‐Remy U, Halldorsson T, Hart A, Ntzani E, Scanziani E, Schroeder H, Ulbrich B, Waalkens‐Berendsen D, Woelfle D, Al Harraq Z, Baert K, Carfì M, Castoldi AF, Croera C, Van Loveren H. Re-evaluation of the risks to public health related to the presence of bisphenol A (BPA) in foodstuffs. EFSA J 2023; 21:e06857. [PMID: 37089179 PMCID: PMC10113887 DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2023.6857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 50.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2023] Open
Abstract
In 2015, EFSA established a temporary tolerable daily intake (t-TDI) for BPA of 4 μg/kg body weight (bw) per day. In 2016, the European Commission mandated EFSA to re-evaluate the risks to public health from the presence of BPA in foodstuffs and to establish a tolerable daily intake (TDI). For this re-evaluation, a pre-established protocol was used that had undergone public consultation. The CEP Panel concluded that it is Unlikely to Very Unlikely that BPA presents a genotoxic hazard through a direct mechanism. Taking into consideration the evidence from animal data and support from human observational studies, the immune system was identified as most sensitive to BPA exposure. An effect on Th17 cells in mice was identified as the critical effect; these cells are pivotal in cellular immune mechanisms and involved in the development of inflammatory conditions, including autoimmunity and lung inflammation. A reference point (RP) of 8.2 ng/kg bw per day, expressed as human equivalent dose, was identified for the critical effect. Uncertainty analysis assessed a probability of 57-73% that the lowest estimated Benchmark Dose (BMD) for other health effects was below the RP based on Th17 cells. In view of this, the CEP Panel judged that an additional uncertainty factor (UF) of 2 was needed for establishing the TDI. Applying an overall UF of 50 to the RP, a TDI of 0.2 ng BPA/kg bw per day was established. Comparison of this TDI with the dietary exposure estimates from the 2015 EFSA opinion showed that both the mean and the 95th percentile dietary exposures in all age groups exceeded the TDI by two to three orders of magnitude. Even considering the uncertainty in the exposure assessment, the exceedance being so large, the CEP Panel concluded that there is a health concern from dietary BPA exposure.
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Etzel TM, Kuiper JR, Wang X, Mueller NT, Calafat AM, Cecil KM, Chen A, Lanphear BP, Yolton K, Kalkwarf HJ, Braun JM, Buckley JP. Associations of early life phthalate exposures with adolescent lipid levels and insulin resistance: The HOME Study. Int J Hyg Environ Health 2023; 248:114102. [PMID: 36527833 PMCID: PMC9898157 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2022.114102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Early-life phthalate exposures may disrupt metabolic processes; however few prospective studies have assessed whether these associations extend to cardiometabolic outcomes during adolescence. METHODS Among 183 mother-adolescent pairs in a prospective cohort study that enrolled pregnant women in Cincinnati, OH (2003-2006), we quantified nine phthalate metabolites in spot urine samples collected twice from mothers during pregnancy and up to seven times from children. At age 12 years, we assessed triglycerides, high-density (HDL) and low-density (LDL) lipoprotein cholesterol, insulin, and glucose from fasting serum samples and calculated homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR). Using multiple informant models, we estimated covariate-adjusted associations between urinary phthalate concentrations at each time period and cardiometabolic biomarkers at age 12 years, including modification by child sex. RESULTS Although most associations were weak or null, monoethyl phthalate (MEP), mono-n-butyl phthalate (MnBP), mono-isobutyl phthalate (MiBP), and monobenzyl phthalate (MBzP) concentrations were generally associated with lower LDL at age 12 years. A 10-fold increase in 4- and 12-year MEP was associated with -15.3 mg/dL (95% CI: 27.5, -3.13 mg/dL) and -11.8 mg/dL (-22.0, -1.51 mg/dL) lower LDL, respectively. Discrepant associations were observed in females versus males: a 10-fold increase in 3-year MEP concentrations was associated with 12.0 mg/dL (95% CI: 7.11, 31.1 mg/dL) higher LDL levels in males and -30.4 mg/dL (95% CI: 50.9, -9.8 mg/dL) lower LDL levels in females. Some urinary phthalate concentrations were cross-sectionally associated with HOMA-IR. CONCLUSIONS Early-life phthalate biomarker concentrations may be inversely associated with LDL during early adolescence in an exposure-period and sex-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taylor M Etzel
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | - Jordan R Kuiper
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | - Xiaobin Wang
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | - Noel T Mueller
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | - Antonia M Calafat
- Division of Laboratory Sciences, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA.
| | - Kim M Cecil
- Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA; University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
| | - Aimin Chen
- University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| | | | - Kimberly Yolton
- Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA; University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
| | - Heidi J Kalkwarf
- Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA; University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
| | | | - Jessie P Buckley
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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19
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Milankov A, Milanović M, Milošević N, Sudji J, Pejaković S, Milić N, Bjelica A, Medić Stojanoska M. The effects of phthalate exposure on metabolic parameters in polycystic ovary syndrome. Clin Chim Acta 2023; 540:117225. [PMID: 36627009 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2023.117225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND-AIM Phthalates are known as endocrine disrupting chemicals which are present in wide-range of products. The objective of the study was to investigate whether phthalate exposure may attribute to the metabolic syndrome development in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). METHOD The cross-sectional study involved 60 women in reproductive age with confirmed PCOS. Anthropometric and biochemical measurements were examined together with detected levels of ten phthalate metabolites measured by GC-MS in morning urine samples. RESULTS In this study at least one phthalate metabolite was detected in 51.7% of samples. Total phthalate metabolites urine concentrations were positively associated with BMI, waist circumference, waist-to-height-ratio (WtHR), leptin serum levels as well as lipid accumulation product (LAP) and visceral adiposity index (VAI). Mono-methyl-phthalate (MMP) levels was significantly correlated with WtHR, LAP and VAI. Additionally, total phthalate metabolites levels were significantly linked with fasting plasma glucose and HOMA index, whereas MMP concentrations were associated with fasting plasma glucose and insulin levels. Total cholesterol (TC) level was statistically significantly higher among PCOS women with detected phthalate metabolites compared to those without phthalates. The sum of all phthalates was correlated with LDL and triglyceride levels as well as TC/HDL. MMP concentrations were linked positively with TC, LDL and triglyceride levels as well as with TC/HDL. It is noteworthy that MMP concentrations were positively associated with testosterone serum levels while the total phthalate metabolites concentrations were also linked but with moderate significance. CONCLUSIONS The increased phthalate metabolites concentrations may interfere with obesity, glucose and lipid impairment in PCOS women. Additionally, testosterone serum levels can be disrupted by MMP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrijana Milankov
- University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Medicine, Clinic for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, University Clinical Center of Vojvodina, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Maja Milanović
- University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pharmacy, Novi Sad, Serbia.
| | - Nataša Milošević
- University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pharmacy, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Jan Sudji
- University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pharmacy, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Slađana Pejaković
- University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Medicine, Clinic for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, University Clinical Center of Vojvodina, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Nataša Milić
- University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pharmacy, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Artur Bjelica
- University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Clinical Center of Vojvodina, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Milica Medić Stojanoska
- University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Medicine, Clinic for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, University Clinical Center of Vojvodina, Novi Sad, Serbia
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20
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Rivera-Núñez Z, Kinkade CW, Zhang Y, Rockson A, Bandera EV, Llanos AAM, Barrett ES. Phenols, Parabens, Phthalates and Puberty: a Systematic Review of Synthetic Chemicals Commonly Found in Personal Care Products and Girls' Pubertal Development. Curr Environ Health Rep 2022; 9:517-534. [PMID: 35867279 PMCID: PMC9742306 DOI: 10.1007/s40572-022-00366-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Exposure to endocrine disrupting chemicals through personal care products (PCPs) is widespread and may disrupt hormone-sensitive endpoints, such as timing of puberty. Given the well-documented (and ongoing) decline in age at menarche in many populations, we conducted a systematic review of the epidemiological literature on exposure to chemicals commonly found in PCPs (including certain phthalates, phenols, and parabens) in relation to girls' pubertal development. RECENT FINDINGS The preponderance of research on this topic has examined phthalate exposures with the strongest evidence indicating that prenatal monoethyl phthalate (MEP) concentrations may be associated with slightly earlier timing of puberty, including age at menarche. Findings examining peri-pubertal phthalate exposures and pubertal outcomes were less consistent as were studies of prenatal and peri-pubertal phenol exposures. Very few studies had examined parabens in relation to girls' pubertal development. Common study limitations included potential exposure misclassification related to use of spot samples and/or mistimed biomarker assessment with respect to the outcomes. The role of body size as a mediator in these relationships remains unresolved. Overall, evidence of associations between chemical exposures in PCPs and girls' pubertal development was conflicting. When associations were observed, effect sizes were small. Nevertheless, given the many environmental, social, and behavioral factors in the modern environment that may act synergistically to accelerate timing of puberty, even marginal changes may be cause for concern, with implications for cancer risk, mental health, and cardiometabolic disease in later life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zorimar Rivera-Núñez
- Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences Institute, Rutgers University, 170 Frelinghuysen Rd, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA. .,Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Rutgers School of Public Health, 683 Hoes Lane West, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA.
| | - Carolyn W Kinkade
- Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences Institute, Rutgers University, 170 Frelinghuysen Rd, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
| | - Yingting Zhang
- Robert Wood Johnson Library of the Health Sciences, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, 08901, USA
| | - Amber Rockson
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Rutgers School of Public Health, 683 Hoes Lane West, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
| | - Elisa V Bandera
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Rutgers School of Public Health, 683 Hoes Lane West, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA.,Cancer Epidemiology and Health Outcomes, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, 08903, USA
| | - Adana A M Llanos
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Rutgers School of Public Health, 683 Hoes Lane West, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA.,Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Emily S Barrett
- Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences Institute, Rutgers University, 170 Frelinghuysen Rd, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA.,Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Rutgers School of Public Health, 683 Hoes Lane West, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
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21
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Kay JE, Cardona B, Rudel RA, Vandenberg LN, Soto AM, Christiansen S, Birnbaum LS, Fenton SE. Chemical Effects on Breast Development, Function, and Cancer Risk: Existing Knowledge and New Opportunities. Curr Environ Health Rep 2022; 9:535-562. [PMID: 35984634 PMCID: PMC9729163 DOI: 10.1007/s40572-022-00376-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Population studies show worrisome trends towards earlier breast development, difficulty in breastfeeding, and increasing rates of breast cancer in young women. Multiple epidemiological studies have linked these outcomes with chemical exposures, and experimental studies have shown that many of these chemicals generate similar effects in rodents, often by disrupting hormonal regulation. These endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) can alter the progression of mammary gland (MG) development, impair the ability to nourish offspring via lactation, increase mammary tissue density, and increase the propensity to develop cancer. However, current toxicological approaches to measuring the effects of chemical exposures on the MG are often inadequate to detect these effects, impairing our ability to identify exposures harmful to the breast and limiting opportunities for prevention. This paper describes key adverse outcomes for the MG, including impaired lactation, altered pubertal development, altered morphology (such as increased mammographic density), and cancer. It also summarizes evidence from humans and rodent models for exposures associated with these effects. We also review current toxicological practices for evaluating MG effects, highlight limitations of current methods, summarize debates related to how effects are interpreted in risk assessment, and make recommendations to strengthen assessment approaches. Increasing the rigor of MG assessment would improve our ability to identify chemicals of concern, regulate those chemicals based on their effects, and prevent exposures and associated adverse health effects.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Laura N Vandenberg
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health & Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - Ana M Soto
- Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sofie Christiansen
- National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Linda S Birnbaum
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Suzanne E Fenton
- Mechanistic Toxicology Branch, Division of the National Toxicology Program, National Institutes of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Durham, NC, USA
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22
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Freire C, Castiello F, Lopez-Espinosa MJ, Beneito A, Lertxundi A, Jimeno-Romero A, Vrijheid M, Casas M. Association of prenatal phthalate exposure with pubertal development in Spanish boys and girls. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 213:113606. [PMID: 35716812 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.113606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Revised: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Phthalates are widespread, anti-androgenic chemicals known to alter early development, with possible impact on puberty timing. AIM To investigate the association of prenatal phthalate exposure with pubertal development in boys and girls. METHODS Urinary metabolites of six different phthalate diesters (DEP, DiBP, DnBP, BBzP, DEHP, and DiNP) and non-phthalate plasticizer DINCH® were quantified in two urine samples collected during pregnancy from mothers participating in the INMA Spanish cohort study. Pubertal assessment of their children at age 7-10 years (409 boys, 379 girls) was conducted using the parent-reported Pubertal Development Scale. Modified Poisson and Weighted Quantile Sum (WQS) regression was employed to examine associations between prenatal phthalates and risk of puberty onset, adrenarche, and gonadarche. Effect modification by child weight status was explored by stratified analysis. RESULTS Prenatal exposure to DEHP was associated with higher risk of puberty onset (relative risk [RR] = 1.32, 95% CI = 1.09-1.59 per each log-unit increase in concentrations) and gonadarche (RR = 1.23, 95% CI = 1.00-1.50) in boys and higher risk of adrenarche (RR = 1.25, 95% CI = 1.03-1.51) in girls at age 7-10 years. In boys, prenatal exposure to DEP, DnBP, and DEHP was also associated with higher risk of adrenarche or gonadarche (RRs = 1.49-1.80) in those with normal weight, and BBzP and DINCH® exposure with lower risk of adrenarche (RR = 0.49, 95% CI = 0.27-0.89 and RR = 0.47, 95% CI = 0.24-0.90, respectively) in those with overweight/obesity. In girls, DiBP, DnBP, and DINCH® were associated with slightly higher risk of gonadarche (RRs = 1.14-1.19) in those with overweight/obesity. In the WQS model, the phthalate mixture was not associated with puberty in boys or girls. CONCLUSION Prenatal exposure to certain phthalates was associated with pubertal development at age 7-10 years, especially earlier puberty in boys with normal weight and girls with overweight/obesity. However, there was no evidence of effect of the phthalate mixture on advancing or delaying puberty in boys or girls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Freire
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs.GRANADA), 18012, Granada, Spain; Biomedical Research Centre, University of Granada, 18016, Granada, Spain; Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain.
| | - Francesca Castiello
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs.GRANADA), 18012, Granada, Spain; Pediatrics Unit, San Cecilio University Hospital, 18016, Granada, Spain.
| | - Maria-Jose Lopez-Espinosa
- Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain; Epidemiology and Environmental Health Joint Research Unit, FISABIO-Jaume I University-University of Valencia, 46020, Valencia, Spain; Department of Nursing, Faculty of Nursing and Chiropody, University of Valencia, 46010, Valencia, Spain.
| | - Andrea Beneito
- Epidemiology and Environmental Health Joint Research Unit, FISABIO-Jaume I University-University of Valencia, 46020, Valencia, Spain.
| | - Aitana Lertxundi
- Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain; Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 48940, Leioa, Bizkaia, Spain; BIODONOSTIA Health Research Institute, 20014, San Sebastián, Spain.
| | - Alba Jimeno-Romero
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 48940, Leioa, Bizkaia, Spain; BIODONOSTIA Health Research Institute, 20014, San Sebastián, Spain.
| | - Martine Vrijheid
- Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain; ISGlobal, 08036, Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 08005, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Maribel Casas
- Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain; ISGlobal, 08036, Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 08005, Barcelona, Spain.
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23
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Blaauwendraad SM, Jaddoe VW, Santos S, Kannan K, Dohle GR, Trasande L, Gaillard R. Associations of maternal urinary bisphenol and phthalate concentrations with offspring reproductive development. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 309:119745. [PMID: 35820574 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.119745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Revised: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Fetal exposure to bisphenols and phthalates may influence development of the reproductive system. In a population-based, prospective cohort study of 1059 mother-child pairs, we examined the associations of maternal gestational urinary bisphenols and phthalates concentrations with offspring reproductive development from infancy until 13 years. We measured urinary bisphenol and phthalate concentrations in each trimester. We obtained information on cryptorchidism or hypospadias after birth from medical records. At 9.7 years, we measured testicular and ovarian volume by MRI. At 13.5 years, we measured child Tanner stages and menstruation through questionnaire. We performed linear or logistic regression models for boys and girls to assess the associations of maternal urinary average and trimester-specific bisphenols and phthalates with child reproductive outcomes. Next, to further explore potential synergistic or additive effects of exposures together, we performed mixed exposure models using a quantile g computation approach. Models were adjusted for maternal age, ethnicity, body-mass index, education, parity, energy intake, smoking and alcohol use, and child's gestational age at birth, birthweight and body-mass index. In boys, no associations of maternal gestational phthalate or bisphenol with offspring cryptorchidism and hypospadias were found. Higher maternal high-molecular-weight phthalate and total bisphenol, but not phthalic acid or low-molecular-weight phthalate, were associated with larger child testicular volume at 10 years. Higher maternal phthalic acid and total bisphenol were associated with earlier genital and pubic hair development at 13 years, respectively (p-values<0.05). In girls, we found no associations of maternal urinary bisphenol and phthalate with ovarian volume or menstrual age. Only higher maternal urinary high-molecular-weight phthalate was associated with earlier pubic hair development at 13 years (p-values <0.05). Higher mixture exposure was associated with earlier pubic hair development in both sexes. In conclusion, higher maternal gestational urinary bisphenol and phthalate concentrations were associated with alterations in offspring reproductive development, mainly in boys.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophia M Blaauwendraad
- The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Pediatrics, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Vincent Wv Jaddoe
- The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Pediatrics, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Susana Santos
- The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Pediatrics, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Kurunthachalam Kannan
- Department of Paediatrics, New York University School of Medicine, New York City, NY, 10016, USA; Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York City, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Gert R Dohle
- Department of Urology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Leonardo Trasande
- Department of Paediatrics, New York University School of Medicine, New York City, NY, 10016, USA; Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York City, NY, 10016, USA; Department of Population Health, New York University School of Medicine, New York City, NY, USA; New York University Wagner School of Public Service, New York City, NY, 10016, USA; New York University College of Global Public Health, New York City, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Romy Gaillard
- The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Pediatrics, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
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24
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Matouskova K, Szabo GK, Daum J, Fenton SE, Christiansen S, Soto AM, Kay JE, Cardona B, Vandenberg LN. Best practices to quantify the impact of reproductive toxicants on development, function, and diseases of the rodent mammary gland. Reprod Toxicol 2022; 112:51-67. [PMID: 35764275 PMCID: PMC9491517 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2022.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Work from numerous fields of study suggests that exposures to hormonally active chemicals during sensitive windows of development can alter mammary gland development, function, and disease risk. Stronger links between many environmental pollutants and disruptions to breast health continue to be documented in human populations, and there remain concerns that the methods utilized to identify, characterize, and prioritize these chemicals for risk assessment and risk management purposes are insufficient. There are also concerns that effects on the mammary gland have been largely ignored by regulatory agencies. Here, we provide technical guidance that is intended to enhance collection and evaluation of the mammary gland in mice and rats. We review several features of studies that should be controlled to properly evaluate the mammary gland, and then describe methods to appropriately collect the mammary gland from rodents. Furthermore, we discuss methods for preparing whole mounted mammary glands and numerous approaches that are available for the analysis of these samples. Finally, we conclude with several examples where analysis of the mammary gland revealed effects of environmental toxicants at low doses. Our work argues that the rodent mammary gland should be considered in chemical safety, hazard and risk assessments. It also suggests that improved measures of mammary gland outcomes, such as those we present in this review, should be included in the standardized methods evaluated by regulatory agencies such as the test guidelines used for identifying reproductive and developmental toxicants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klara Matouskova
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health & Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, USA.
| | - Gillian K Szabo
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health & Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - Jessica Daum
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health & Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - Suzanne E Fenton
- Mechanistic Toxicology Branch, Division of the National Toxicology Program, National Institutes of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Sofie Christiansen
- National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs, Lyngby DK 2800, Denmark
| | - Ana M Soto
- Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | | | - Laura N Vandenberg
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health & Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, USA.
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25
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Etzel TM, Braun JM, Kuiper JR, Calafat AM, Cecil KM, Chen A, Lanphear BP, Yolton K, Kalkwarf HJ, Buckley JP. Gestational and childhood phthalate exposures and adolescent body composition: The HOME study. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 212:113320. [PMID: 35461845 PMCID: PMC9233110 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.113320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Revised: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Early life phthalate exposures may disrupt metabolism but results from human studies are inconsistent and few have examined body composition during adolescence. We investigated associations of gestational and childhood urinary phthalate biomarker concentrations with body composition at age 12 years. METHODS We used data from 206 mother-child pairs in a prospective pregnancy and birth cohort enrolled in Cincinnati, OH from 2003 to 2006. We measured nine phthalate metabolites in spot urine samples collected twice from mothers during pregnancy and up to seven times from children at 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 8, and 12 years. At age 12 years, we assessed fat and lean mass of the whole body and android and gynoid subregions, and visceral fat area with dual x-ray absorptiometry, and calculated android to gynoid %fat ratio and age- and sex-standardized fat and lean mass index z-scores. Using a multiple informant model, we estimated covariate-adjusted associations between urinary phthalate biomarker concentrations at each time period and outcomes at age 12 years. We assessed effect measure modification by child sex using stratified models. RESULTS Generally, urinary mono-benzyl phthalate (MBzP) concentrations were modestly associated with lower fat and lean mass. Each 10-fold increase in urinary MBzP concentrations during gestation and at ages 5 and 8 years was associated with a -0.34 (95%CI: -0.72, 0.05), -0.44 (95% CI: -0.83, -0.05), and -0.35 (95% CI: -0.71, 0.00) z-score difference in lean body mass index, respectively. Urinary monoethyl phthalate, mono-(3-carboxypropyl) phthalate, and summed di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate metabolites were associated with greater lean mass at some exposure periods. Slightly weaker but similar patterns of association were found with other body composition measures; associations did not differ by child sex. CONCLUSION While most associations were weak, exposure to certain phthalates during gestation and childhood may be associated with adolescent body composition, particularly lean mass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taylor M Etzel
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 615 N Wolfe St, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.
| | - Joseph M Braun
- Brown University, 121 S. Main St, Providence, RI, 02903, USA.
| | - Jordan R Kuiper
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 615 N Wolfe St, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.
| | - Antonia M Calafat
- Division of Laboratory Sciences, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 4770 Buford Highway, NE Atlanta, GA, 30341, USA.
| | - Kim M Cecil
- Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Ave, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA; University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, 3230 Eden Ave, Cincinnati, OH, 45267, USA.
| | - Aimin Chen
- University of Pennsylvania, 3400 Civic Center Blvd, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
| | - Bruce P Lanphear
- Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Dr, Burnaby, BC, V5A 1S6, Canada.
| | - Kimberly Yolton
- Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Ave, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA; University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, 3230 Eden Ave, Cincinnati, OH, 45267, USA.
| | - Heidi J Kalkwarf
- Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Ave, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA; University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, 3230 Eden Ave, Cincinnati, OH, 45267, USA.
| | - Jessie P Buckley
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 615 N Wolfe St, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.
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Goodrich JM, Tang L, Carmona YR, Meijer JL, Perng W, Watkins DJ, Meeker JD, Mercado-García A, Cantoral A, Song PX, Téllez-Rojo MM, Peterson KE. Trimester-specific phthalate exposures in pregnancy are associated with circulating metabolites in children. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0272794. [PMID: 36040907 PMCID: PMC9426875 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0272794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Prenatal phthalates exposures have been related to adiposity in peripuberty in a sex-specific fashion. Untargeted metabolomics analysis to assess circulating metabolites offers the potential to characterize biochemical pathways by which early life exposures influence the development of cardiometabolic risk during childhood and adolescence, prior to becoming evident in clinical markers. Methods Among mother-child dyads from the Early Life Exposure in Mexico to ENvironmental Toxicants (ELEMENT) birth cohort, we measured 9 phthalate metabolites and bisphenol A in maternal spot urine samples obtained during each trimester of pregnancy, corrected for urinary specific gravity and natural log-transformed. In 110 boys and 124 girls aged 8–14 years, we used a mass-spectrometry based untargeted metabolomics platform to measure fasting serum metabolites, yielding 572 annotated metabolites. We estimated the associations between trimester-specific urinary toxicants and each serum metabolite, among all children or stratified by sex and adjusting for child age, BMI z-score, and pubertal onset. We accounted for multiple comparisons using a 10% false discovery rate (q<0.1). Results Associations between exposures and metabolites were observed among all children and in sex-stratified analyses (q<0.1). First trimester MEP, MiBP, and MCPP were associated with decreased 2-deoxy-D-glucose among all children. Among girls, third trimester concentrations of MECPP, MEHHP, MEHP, and MCPP were associated with 15, 13, 1, and 10 metabolites, respectively, including decreased choline and increased acylcarnitines and saturated FAs (FA). Among boys, third trimester MIBP was positively associated with 9 features including long chain saturated FAs, and second trimester MBzP was inversely associated with thyroxine. Conclusions Metabolomics biomarkers may reflect sex- and exposure timing-specific responses to prenatal phthalate exposures manifesting in childhood that may not be detected using standard clinical markers of cardiometabolic risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaclyn M. Goodrich
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, United States of America
| | - Lu Tang
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America
| | - Yanelli R. Carmona
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, United States of America
| | - Jennifer L. Meijer
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH, United States of America
| | - Wei Perng
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, United States of America
- Department of Epidemiology, Colorado School of Public Health, Aurora, CO, United States of America
| | - Deborah J. Watkins
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, United States of America
| | - John D. Meeker
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, United States of America
| | - Adriana Mercado-García
- Center for Research on Nutrition and Health, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Morelos, México
| | | | - Peter X. Song
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America
| | - Martha M. Téllez-Rojo
- Center for Research on Nutrition and Health, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Morelos, México
| | - Karen E. Peterson
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, United States of America
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Hu P, Pan C, Su W, Vinturache A, Hu Y, Dong X, Ding G. Associations between exposure to a mixture of phenols, parabens, and phthalates and sex steroid hormones in children 6-19 years from NHANES, 2013-2016. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 822:153548. [PMID: 35114227 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.153548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Revised: 12/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Humans are typically exposed to mixtures of environmental endocrine-disrupting chemicals simultaneously, but most studies have considered only a single chemical or a class of similar chemicals. OBJECTIVES We examined the association of exposure to mixtures of 7 chemicals, including 2 phenols [bisphenol A (BPA) and bisphenol S (BPS)], 2 parabens [methylparaben (MeP) and propyl paraben (PrP)], and 3 phthalate metabolites [Mono-benzyl phthalate (MBzP), mono-isobutyl phthalate (MiBP), mono (carboxyoctyl) phthalate (MCOP)] with sex steroid hormones. METHODS A total of 1179 children aged 6-19 years who had complete data on both 7 chemicals and sex steroid hormones of estradiol (E2), total testosterone (TT), and sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) were analyzed from the U.S. National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2013-2016. Free androgen index (FAI) calculated by TT/SHBG, and the ratio of TT to E2 (TT/E2) were also estimated. Puberty was defined if TT ≥ 50 ng/dL in boys, E2 ≥ 20 pg/mL in girls; otherwise prepuberty was defined. Linear regression, weighted quantile sum (WQS) regression, and Bayesian kernel machine regression (BKMR) were performed to estimate the associations of individual chemical or chemical mixtures with sex hormones. RESULTS The linear regression showed that 2 phenols, 2 parabens, and 3 phthalate metabolites were generally negatively associated with E2, TT, FAI, and TT/E2, while positively with SHBG. Moreover, these associations were more pronounced among pubertal than prepubertal children. The aforementioned associations were confirmed when further applying WQS and BKMR, and the 3 phthalates metabolites were identified to be the most heavily weighing chemicals. CONCLUSIONS Exposure to phenols, parabens, and phthalates, either individuals or as a mixture, was negatively associated with E2, TT, FAI and TT/E2, while positively with SHBG. Those associations were stronger among pubertal children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peipei Hu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shanghai Children's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chengyu Pan
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Weiwei Su
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, the Affiliated Wuxi Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, China
| | - Angela Vinturache
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Queen Elizabeth II Hospital, Alberta, Canada
| | - Yi Hu
- Center for Medical Bioinformatics, Shanghai Children's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoyan Dong
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shanghai Children's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Guodong Ding
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shanghai Children's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
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Modeling di (2-ethylhexyl) Phthalate (DEHP) and Its Metabolism in a Body's Organs and Tissues through Different Intake Pathways into Human Body. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19095742. [PMID: 35565138 PMCID: PMC9101911 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19095742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Revised: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Phthalate esters (PAEs) are ubiquitous in indoor environments as plasticizers in indoor products. Residences are often exposed to indoor PAEs in the form of gas, particles, settled dust, and surface phases. To reveal the mechanism behind the accumulation of PAEs in different tissues or organs such as the liver and the lungs when a person exposed to indoor PAEs with different phases, a whole-body physiologically based pharmacokinetic model for PAEs is employed to characterize the dynamic process of phthalates by different intake pathways, including oral digestion, dermal adsorption, and inhalation. Among three different intake pathways, dermal penetration distributed the greatest accumulation of DEHP in most of the organs, while the accumulative concentration through oral ingestion was an order of magnitude lower than the other two doses. Based on the estimated parameters, the variation of di-ethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP) and mono (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (MEHP) concentration in the venous blood, urine, the liver, the thymus, the pancreas, the spleen, the lungs, the brain, the heart, and the kidney for different intake scenarios was simulated. The simulated results showed a different accumulation profile of DEHP and MEHP in different organs and tissues and demonstrated that the different intake pathways will result in different accumulation distributions of DEHP and MEHP in organs and tissues and may lead to different detrimental health outcomes.
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Sánchez-Garrido MA, García-Galiano D, Tena-Sempere M. Early programming of reproductive health and fertility: novel neuroendocrine mechanisms and implications in reproductive medicine. Hum Reprod Update 2022; 28:346-375. [PMID: 35187579 PMCID: PMC9071071 DOI: 10.1093/humupd/dmac005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2021] [Revised: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND According to the Developmental Origins of Health and Disease (DOHaD) hypothesis, environmental changes taking place during early maturational periods may alter normal development and predispose to the occurrence of diverse pathologies later in life. Indeed, adverse conditions during these critical developmental windows of high plasticity have been reported to alter the offspring developmental trajectory, causing permanent functional and structural perturbations that in the long term may enhance disease susceptibility. However, while solid evidence has documented that fluctuations in environmental factors, ranging from nutrient availability to chemicals, in early developmental stages (including the peri-conceptional period) have discernible programming effects that increase vulnerability to develop metabolic perturbations, the impact and eventual mechanisms involved, of such developmental alterations on the reproductive phenotype of offspring have received less attention. OBJECTIVE AND RATIONALE This review will summarize recent advances in basic and clinical research that support the concept of DOHaD in the context of the impact of nutritional and hormonal perturbations, occurring during the periconceptional, fetal and early postnatal stages, on different aspects of reproductive function in both sexes. Special emphasis will be given to the effects of early nutritional stress on the timing of puberty and adult gonadotropic function, and to address the underlying neuroendocrine pathways, with particular attention to involvement of the Kiss1 system in these reproductive perturbations. The implications of such phenomena in terms of reproductive medicine will also be considered. SEARCH METHODS A comprehensive MEDLINE search, using PubMed as main interface, of research articles and reviews, published mainly between 2006 and 2021, has been carried out. Search was implemented using multiple terms, focusing on clinical and preclinical data from DOHaD studies, addressing periconceptional, gestational and perinatal programming of reproduction. Selected studies addressing early programming of metabolic function have also been considered, when relevant. OUTCOMES A solid body of evidence, from clinical and preclinical studies, has documented the impact of nutritional and hormonal fluctuations during the periconceptional, prenatal and early postnatal periods on pubertal maturation, as well as adult gonadotropic function and fertility. Furthermore, exposure to environmental chemicals, such as bisphenol A, and maternal stress has been shown to negatively influence pubertal development and gonadotropic function in adulthood. The underlying neuroendocrine pathways and mechanisms involved have been also addressed, mainly by preclinical studies, which have identified an, as yet incomplete, array of molecular and neurohormonal effectors. These include, prominently, epigenetic regulatory mechanisms and the hypothalamic Kiss1 system, which likely contribute to the generation of reproductive alterations in conditions of early nutritional and/or metabolic stress. In addition to the Kiss1 system, other major hypothalamic regulators of GnRH neurosecretion, such as γ-aminobutyric acid and glutamate, may be targets of developmental programming. WIDER IMPLICATIONS This review addresses an underdeveloped area of reproductive biology and medicine that may help to improve our understanding of human reproductive disorders and stresses the importance, and eventual pathogenic impact, of early determinants of puberty, adult reproductive function and fertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Angel Sánchez-Garrido
- Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Cordoba (IMIBIC), Cordoba, Spain
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain
- Hospital Universitario Reina Sofia, Cordoba, Spain
| | - David García-Galiano
- Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Cordoba (IMIBIC), Cordoba, Spain
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain
- Hospital Universitario Reina Sofia, Cordoba, Spain
| | - Manuel Tena-Sempere
- Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Cordoba (IMIBIC), Cordoba, Spain
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain
- Hospital Universitario Reina Sofia, Cordoba, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Cordoba, Spain
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
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30
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Plante I, Winn LM, Vaillancourt C, Grigorova P, Parent L. Killing two birds with one stone: Pregnancy is a sensitive window for endocrine effects on both the mother and the fetus. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 205:112435. [PMID: 34843719 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.112435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Revised: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Pregnancy is a complex process requiring tremendous physiological changes in the mother in order to fulfill the needs of the growing fetus, and to give birth, expel the placenta and nurse the newborn. These physiological modifications are accompanied with psychological changes, as well as with variations in habits and behaviors. As a result, this period of life is considered as a sensitive window as impaired functional and physiological changes in the mother can have short- and long-term impacts on her health. In addition, dysregulation of the placenta and of mechanisms governing placentation have been linked to chronic diseases later-on in life for the fetus, in a concept known as the Developmental Origin of Health and Diseases (DOHaD). This concept stipulates that any change in the environment during the pre-conception and perinatal (in utero life and neonatal) period to puberty, can be "imprinted" in the organism, thereby impacting the health and risk of chronic diseases later in life. Pregnancy is a succession of events that is regulated, in large part, by hormones and growth factors. Therefore, small changes in hormonal balance can have important effects on both the mother and the developing fetus. An increasing number of studies demonstrate that exposure to endocrine disrupting compounds (EDCs) affect both the mother and the fetus giving rise to growing concerns surrounding these exposures. This review will give an overview of changes that happen during pregnancy with respect to the mother, the placenta, and the fetus, and of the current literature regarding the effects of EDCs during this specific sensitive window of exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle Plante
- INRS-Centre Armand-Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, Laval, QC, Canada.
| | - Louise M Winn
- Queen's University, School of Environmental Studies, Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | | | - Petya Grigorova
- Département Science et Technologie, Université TELUQ, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Lise Parent
- Département Science et Technologie, Université TELUQ, Montreal, QC, Canada
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31
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Corbett GA, Lee S, Woodruff TJ, Hanson M, Hod M, Charlesworth AM, Giudice L, Conry J, McAuliffe FM. Nutritional interventions to ameliorate the effect of endocrine disruptors on human reproductive health: A semi-structured review from FIGO. Int J Gynaecol Obstet 2022; 157:489-501. [PMID: 35122246 PMCID: PMC9305939 DOI: 10.1002/ijgo.14126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Background Endocrine disrupting chemicals have harmful effects on reproductive, perinatal, and obstetric outcomes. Objective To analyze the evidence on nutritional interventions to reduce the negative effects of endocrine disruptors on reproductive, perinatal, and obstetric outcomes. Search strategy A search of MEDLINE (PubMed), Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), EMBASE, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Database was conducted from inception to May 2021. Selection criteria Experimental studies on human populations. Data collection and analysis Data were collected from eligible studies. Risk of bias assessment was completed using the Cochrane risk of bias tool and the ROBINS‐I Tool. Results Database searches yielded 15 362 articles. Removing 11 181 duplicates, 4181 articles underwent abstract screening, 26 articles were eligible for full manuscript review, and 16 met full inclusion criteria. Several interventions were found to be effective in reducing exposure to endocrine disruptors: avoidance of plastic containers, bottles, and packaging; avoidance of canned food/beverages; consumption of fresh and organic food; avoidance of fast/processed foods; and supplementation with vitamin C, iodine, and folic acid. There were some interventional studies examining therapies to improve clinical outcomes related to endocrine disruptors. Conclusion Dietary alterations can reduce exposure to endocrine disruptors, with limited data on interventions to improve endocrine‐disruptor–related clinical outcomes. This review provides useful instruction to women, their families, healthcare providers, and regulatory bodies. Nutritional interventions shown to reduce exposure to endocrine disruptors include avoidance of canned/processed or plastic‐packaged foods. Consumption of fresh/organic foods and vitamin C, iodine, and folic acid also reduce exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gillian A Corbett
- UCD Perinatal Research Centre, UCD School of Medicine, University College Dublin, National Maternity Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Sadhbh Lee
- UCD Perinatal Research Centre, UCD School of Medicine, University College Dublin, National Maternity Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Tracey J Woodruff
- Program on Reproductive Health and Environment, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Philip R. Lee Institute for Health Policy Studies, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Mark Hanson
- International Federation of Gynaecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) Committee on Impact of Pregnancy on Long-term Health.,Institute of Developmental Sciences and NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, University of Southampton and NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Moshe Hod
- International Federation of Gynaecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) Committee on Impact of Pregnancy on Long-term Health.,Mor Comprehensive Women's Health Care Centre, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Anne Marie Charlesworth
- Program on Reproductive Health and Environment, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Philip R. Lee Institute for Health Policy Studies, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Linda Giudice
- International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) Committee on Climate Change and Toxic Environmental Exposures.,Centre for Reproductive Sciences, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Jeanne Conry
- Environmental Health and Leadership Foundation, United States
| | - Fionnuala M McAuliffe
- UCD Perinatal Research Centre, UCD School of Medicine, University College Dublin, National Maternity Hospital, Dublin, Ireland.,International Federation of Gynaecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) Committee on Impact of Pregnancy on Long-term Health
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Lai J, Zhu Y, Liao X, Zhang M, Li J, Li Q, Liu A, He L, Liu S. Cell components, interaction types and functional groups involved in the in vitro binding of bisphenol A by Lactiplantibacillus plantarum RS20D and DL7X. J Appl Microbiol 2022; 132:2968-2979. [PMID: 35025132 DOI: 10.1111/jam.15450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2021] [Revised: 12/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The current study aimed to evaluate the capacity of two Lactiplantibacillus plantarum strains to remove Bisphenol A (BPA) and to determine the preliminary removal mechanisms underlying this process. METHODS AND RESULTS The BPA removal capacity of L. plantarum RS20D and DL7X was assessed by HPLC analysis. The effect of various treatments (physical, chemical, and enzymatic) on two strains were studied to understand which interaction types worked. The different cellular components of them were also subjected to binding assays. Additionally, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) was performed to identify the functional groups related to the BPA binding process. Results show that various treatments enhanced the binding capacity of two strains, the effect of sodium dodecyl sulfate was the most outstanding (P=0.000, P=0.000). Hydrogen bonding and hydrophobic interactions likely occurred. Peptidoglycans showed the highest binding capability, protoplasts and teichoic acids might also exert a binding effect. -OH, C=O, -CH, -NH, C-N, C-O, and P=O participated in BPA binding by the two L. plantarum lines. CONCLUSIONS Peptidoglycans, protoplasts, and teichoic acid played a vital role in the binding of BPA. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY Our results provided a theoretical foundation for developing effective dietary strategies with foodborne L. plantarum to remove food contaminants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinghui Lai
- College of Food Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, Sichuan, 625014, China
| | - Yuanting Zhu
- College of Food Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, Sichuan, 625014, China
| | - Xuduo Liao
- College of Food Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, Sichuan, 625014, China
| | - Mengmei Zhang
- College of Food Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, Sichuan, 625014, China
| | - Jianlong Li
- College of Food Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, Sichuan, 625014, China
| | - Qin Li
- College of Food Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, Sichuan, 625014, China
| | - Aiping Liu
- College of Food Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, Sichuan, 625014, China
| | - Li He
- College of Food Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, Sichuan, 625014, China
| | - Shuliang Liu
- College of Food Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, Sichuan, 625014, China.,Institute of Food Processing and Safety, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, Sichuan, 625014, China
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Uldbjerg CS, Koch T, Lim YH, Gregersen LS, Olesen CS, Andersson AM, Frederiksen H, Coull BA, Hauser R, Juul A, Bräuner EV. OUP accepted manuscript. Hum Reprod Update 2022; 28:687-716. [PMID: 35466359 PMCID: PMC9434240 DOI: 10.1093/humupd/dmac013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Revised: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Globally, the ages at pubertal onset for girls and boys have been decreasing during recent decades, partly attributed to excess body fat accumulation. However, a growing body of literature has recognized that endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) may play an important role in this global trend, but the association has not yet been fully established. OBJECTIVE AND RATIONALE EDCs can interfere with normal hormone function and metabolism and play a role in pubertal onset. We aimed to systematically identify and evaluate the current evidence on the timing of pubertal onset in girls and boys following prenatal or postnatal exposures to xenobiotic EDCs. SEARCH METHODS Following PRISMA guidelines, we performed a systematic literature search of original peer-reviewed publications in the PubMed database through a block search approach using a combination of index MeSH and free text search terms. Publications were considered if they covered biomarkers of prenatal or postnatal exposures to xenobiotic EDCs (European Commission's list of category 1 EDCs) measured in maternal or child biospecimen and pubertal onset defined by the progression of the following milestones (and assessed in terms of the following measures): menarche (age), thelarche (Tanner staging) and pubarche (Tanner staging), in girls, and genital stage (Tanner staging), testicular volume (ml) and pubarche (Tanner staging), in boys. OUTCOMES The literature search resulted in 703 references, of which we identified 52 publications fulfilling the eligibility criteria for the qualitative trend synthesis and 23 publications for the meta-analysis. The qualitative trend synthesis provided data on 103 combinations of associations between prenatal or postnatal exposure to EDC compounds groups and puberty outcomes and the meta-analysis enabled 18 summary risk estimates of meta-associations. WIDER IMPLICATIONS Statistically significant associations in the qualitative trend synthesis suggested that postnatal exposure to phthalates may be associated with earlier thelarche and later pubarche. However, we did not find consistent evidence in the meta-analysis for associations between timing of pubertal onset in girls and boys and exposures to any of the studied xenobiotic EDCs. We were not able to identify specific pre- or postnatal windows of exposure as particularly critical and susceptible for effects of EDCs. Current evidence is subject to several methodological challenges and inconsistencies and evidence on specific exposure-outcome associations remains too scarce to firmly confirm EDC exposure as a risk factor for changes in age of pubertal onset in the general child population. To create a more uniform foundation for future comparison of evidence and to strengthen pooled studies, we recommend the use of more standardized approaches in the choice of statistical analyses, with exposure transformations, and in the definitions and assessments of puberty outcomes. The impact of mixtures of EDC exposures on the association also remains unestablished and would be valuable to elucidate for prenatal and postnatal windows of exposure. Future large, longitudinal epidemiological studies are needed to clarify the overall association.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Y -H Lim
- Section of Environmental Health, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - L S Gregersen
- Department of Growth and Reproduction, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
- The International Research and Research Training Centre in Endocrine Disruption of Male Reproduction and Child Health (EDMaRC), Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - C S Olesen
- Department of Growth and Reproduction, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
- The International Research and Research Training Centre in Endocrine Disruption of Male Reproduction and Child Health (EDMaRC), Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - A -M Andersson
- Department of Growth and Reproduction, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
- The International Research and Research Training Centre in Endocrine Disruption of Male Reproduction and Child Health (EDMaRC), Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - H Frederiksen
- Department of Growth and Reproduction, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
- The International Research and Research Training Centre in Endocrine Disruption of Male Reproduction and Child Health (EDMaRC), Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - B A Coull
- Department of Biostatistics, T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - R Hauser
- Department of Environmental Health, T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - A Juul
- Correspondence address. Department of Growth and Reproduction, Rigshospitalet, Blegdamsvej 9, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark. Tel: +45-3545-5085; E-mail: (A.J.); Tel: +45-4242-8550; E-mail: (E.V.B.)
| | - E V Bräuner
- Correspondence address. Department of Growth and Reproduction, Rigshospitalet, Blegdamsvej 9, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark. Tel: +45-3545-5085; E-mail: (A.J.); Tel: +45-4242-8550; E-mail: (E.V.B.)
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Smith AR, Kogut KR, Parra K, Bradman A, Holland N, Harley KG. Dietary intake and household exposures as predictors of urinary concentrations of high molecular weight phthalates and bisphenol A in a cohort of adolescents. JOURNAL OF EXPOSURE SCIENCE & ENVIRONMENTAL EPIDEMIOLOGY 2022; 32:37-47. [PMID: 33619365 PMCID: PMC8380263 DOI: 10.1038/s41370-021-00305-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Revised: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Phthalates and bisphenol A (BPA) are endocrine disrupting chemicals used in consumer products, building materials, and food processing and packaging materials. They are associated with adverse health outcomes, especially when exposure occurs during heightened windows of susceptibility. OBJECTIVE We evaluated the relationship between housing and dietary characteristics and the concentration of several high-molecular-weight (HMW) phthalate metabolites and BPA in a cohort of Latina adolescents. METHODS We collected information on recent food consumption and housing characteristics and quantified the concentration of HMW phthalate and BPA metabolites in urine collected at two different time points. We used generalized estimating equations (GEE) to assess predictors of each metabolite. RESULTS No significant associations were observed between housing and dietary characteristics and metabolites of di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) or BPA. In contrast, higher urinary monobenzyl phthalate (MBzP) concentration was associated with living in a home with vinyl or linoleum flooring (66.7% change, p-value <0.01), while higher urinary mono(3-carboxypropyl) phthalate (MCPP) concentration was associated with recent consumption of coffee (47.2% change, p-value <0.01), and fast food (30.3% change, p-value <0.05). SIGNIFICANCE These findings may be useful in targeting interventions that reduce phthalate uptake in young adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna R Smith
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA.
| | - Katherine R Kogut
- Center for Environmental Research and Children's Health (CERCH), School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Kimberly Parra
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Mel & Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Asa Bradman
- Center for Environmental Research and Children's Health (CERCH), School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Department of Public Health, School of Social Sciences, Humanities and Arts, University of California, Merced, CA, USA
| | - Nina Holland
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Center for Environmental Research and Children's Health (CERCH), School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Kim G Harley
- Center for Environmental Research and Children's Health (CERCH), School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
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35
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Chiang C, Pacyga DC, Strakovsky RS, Smith RL, James-Todd T, Williams PL, Hauser R, Meling DD, Li Z, Flaws JA. Urinary phthalate metabolite concentrations and serum hormone levels in pre- and perimenopausal women from the Midlife Women's Health Study. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2021; 156:106633. [PMID: 34004451 PMCID: PMC8380691 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2021.106633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Revised: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Phthalate exposure is associated with altered reproductive function, but little is known about associations between phthalate and hormone levels in midlife women. METHODS This cross-sectional analysis includes 45-54-year-old pre- and perimenopausal women from Baltimore, MD and its surrounding counties enrolled in the Midlife Women's Health Study (n = 718). Serum and urine samples were collected from participants once a week for four consecutive weeks to span the menstrual cycle. Serum samples were assayed for estradiol, testosterone, progesterone, sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), and anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH), and geometric means were calculated for each hormone across all four weeks. Urine samples were analyzed for nine phthalate metabolites from pools of one-to-four urine samples. Phthalate metabolite concentrations were specific gravity-adjusted and assessed as individual metabolites or as molar sums of metabolites from common parents (di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate metabolites, ∑DEHP), exposure sources (plastic, ∑Plastics; personal care products, ∑PCP), biological activity (anti-androgenic, ∑AA), and sum of all metabolites (∑Phthalates). We used linear regression models to assess overall associations of phthalate metabolites with hormones, controlling for important demographic, lifestyle, and health factors. We also explored whether associations differed by menopause status, body mass index (BMI), and race/ethnicity. RESULTS Most participants were non-Hispanic white (67%) or black (29%), college-educated (65%), employed (80%), and had somewhat higher mean urinary phthalate metabolite concentrations than other U.S. women. Overall, the following positive associations were observed between phthalate metabolites and hormones: ∑DEHP (%Δ: 4.9; 95%CI: 0.5, 9.6), ∑Plastics (%Δ: 5.1; 95%CI: 0.3, 10.0), and ∑AA (%Δ: 7.8; 95%CI: 2.3, 13.6) with estradiol; MiBP (%Δ: 6.6; 95%CI: 1.5, 12.1) with testosterone; ∑DEHP (%Δ: 8.3; 95%CI: 1.5, 15.6), ∑Plastics (%Δ: 9.8; 95%CI: 2.4, 17.7), MEP (%Δ: 4.6; 95%CI: 0.1, 9.2), ∑PCP (%Δ: 6.0; 95%CI: 0.2, 12.2), ∑Phthalates (%Δ: 9.0; 95%CI: 2.1, 16.5), and ∑AA (%Δ: 12.9; 95%CI: 4.4, 22.1) with progesterone; and MBP (%Δ: 8.5; 95%CI: 1.2, 16.3) and ∑AA (%Δ: 9.0; 95%CI: 1.3, 17.4) with AMH. Associations of phthalate metabolites with hormones differed by menopause status (strongest in premenopausal women for estradiol, progesterone, and FSH), BMI (strongest in obese women for progesterone), and race/ethnicity (strongest in non-Hispanic white women for estradiol and AMH). CONCLUSIONS We found that phthalate metabolites were positively associated with several hormones in midlife women, and that some demographic and lifestyle characteristics modified these associations. Future longitudinal studies are needed to corroborate these findings in more diverse midlife populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catheryne Chiang
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61802, United States
| | - Diana C Pacyga
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48823, United States; Institute for Integrative Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48823, United States; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48823, United States
| | - Rita S Strakovsky
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48823, United States; Institute for Integrative Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48823, United States
| | - Rebecca L Smith
- Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, United States; Department of Pathobiology, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61802, United States
| | - Tamarra James-Todd
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, United States; Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, United States
| | - Paige L Williams
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, United States; Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, United States
| | - Russ Hauser
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, United States; Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, United States
| | - Daryl D Meling
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61802, United States
| | - Zhong Li
- Roy J. Carver Biotechnology Center, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, United States
| | - Jodi A Flaws
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61802, United States; Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, United States.
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Zulkifli S, Rahman AA, Kadir SHSA, Nor NSM. Bisphenol A and its effects on the systemic organs of children. Eur J Pediatr 2021; 180:3111-3127. [PMID: 33893858 DOI: 10.1007/s00431-021-04085-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Revised: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
For the past two decades, growing research has been pointing to multiple repercussions of bisphenol A (BPA) exposure to human health. BPA is a synthetic oestrogen which primarily targets the endocrine system; however, the compound also disturbs other systemic organ functions, in which the magnitude of impacts in those other systems is as comparable to those in the endocrine system. To date, the discoveries on the association between BPA and health outcomes mainly came from animal and in vitro studies, with limited human studies which emphasised on children's health. In this comprehensive review, we summarised studies on human, in vivo and in vitro models to understand the consequences of pre-, post- and perinatal BPA exposure on the perinatal, children and adult health, encompassing cardiovascular, neurodevelopmental, endocrine and reproductive effects.Conclusion: Evidence from in vitro and animal studies may provide further support and better understanding on the correlation between environmental BPA exposure and its detrimental effects in humans and child development, despite the difficulties to draw direct causal relations of BPA effects on the pathophysiology of the diseases/syndromes in children, due to differences in body system complexity between children and adults, as well as between animal and in vitro models and humans. What is known: • Very limited reviews are available on how BPA adversely affects children's health. • Previous papers mainly covered two systems in children. What is new: • Comprehensive review on the detrimental effects of BPA on children health outcomes, including expectations on adult health outcomes following perinatal BPA exposure, as well as covering a small part of BPA alternatives. • Essentially, BPA exposure during pregnancy has huge impacts on the foetus in which it may cause changes in foetal epigenetic programming, resulting in disease onsets during childhood as well as adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Zulkifli
- Institute of Medical Molecular Biotechnology, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Cawangan Selangor, Kampus Sungai Buloh, Jalan Hospital, 47000, Sungai Buloh, Malaysia
| | - Amirah Abdul Rahman
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Cawangan Selangor, Kampus Sungai Buloh, Jalan Hospital, 47000, Sungai Buloh, Malaysia
| | - Siti Hamimah Sheikh Abdul Kadir
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Cawangan Selangor, Kampus Sungai Buloh, Jalan Hospital, 47000, Sungai Buloh, Malaysia.,Institute for Pathology, Laboratory and Forensic Medicine (I-PPerForM), Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Cawangan Selangor, Kampus Sungai Buloh, Jalan Hospital, 47000, Sungai Buloh, Malaysia
| | - Noor Shafina Mohd Nor
- Institute for Pathology, Laboratory and Forensic Medicine (I-PPerForM), Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Cawangan Selangor, Kampus Sungai Buloh, Jalan Hospital, 47000, Sungai Buloh, Malaysia. .,Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Cawangan Selangor, Kampus Sungai Buloh, Jalan Hospital, 47000, Sungai Buloh, Malaysia.
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Bisphenol A exposure prenatally delays bone development and bone mass accumulation in female rat offspring via the ERβ/HDAC5/TGFβ signaling pathway. Toxicology 2021; 458:152830. [PMID: 34097993 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2021.152830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2021] [Revised: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies have suggested that bisphenol A (BPA) has a toxic effect on bone development; however, its pathological mechanism has not been fully elucidated. In the present study, pregnant Wistar rats were intragastrically administered BPA (10 μg/kg per day) during gestational days 14-21. Then, bone tissues were obtained from neonatal rats on postnatal day 1 for histological analysis, and the bone mass of adult rat offspring was analyzed by micro-CT at postnatal week 10. Furthermore, osteoprogenitors from neonatal rats were obtained and treated with various concentrations of BPA in vitro to clarify the associated mechanism. In vivo, we found that prenatal BPA exposure reduced body weight and body length in female neonatal rats but not in male neonatal rats. Meanwhile, BPA exposure during pregnancy delayed bone development and reduced bone mass only in female rat offspring. Moreover, BPA exposure during pregnancy inhibited osteogenic function and downregulated the transforming growth factor β (TGF β) signaling pathway in the bone tissue of female neonatal rats. Our in vitro findings further indicated that various concentrations of BPA suppressed the osteogenic function of osteoprogenitors by downregulating the TGFβ signaling pathway. Meanwhile, BPA downregulated H3K9ac and expression levels of TGFβ via the ERβ/HDAC5 signaling pathway. Collectively, this research revealed that prenatal BPA exposure impairs bone development and bone mass accumulation in female rat offspring, which was attributed to inhibitory osteogenic function via the ERβ/HDAC5/TGFβ signaling pathway.
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38
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Guth S, Hüser S, Roth A, Degen G, Diel P, Edlund K, Eisenbrand G, Engel KH, Epe B, Grune T, Heinz V, Henle T, Humpf HU, Jäger H, Joost HG, Kulling SE, Lampen A, Mally A, Marchan R, Marko D, Mühle E, Nitsche MA, Röhrdanz E, Stadler R, van Thriel C, Vieths S, Vogel RF, Wascher E, Watzl C, Nöthlings U, Hengstler JG. Contribution to the ongoing discussion on fluoride toxicity. Arch Toxicol 2021; 95:2571-2587. [PMID: 34095968 PMCID: PMC8241794 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-021-03072-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Since the addition of fluoride to drinking water in the 1940s, there have been frequent and sometimes heated discussions regarding its benefits and risks. In a recently published review, we addressed the question if current exposure levels in Europe represent a risk to human health. This review was discussed in an editorial asking why we did not calculate benchmark doses (BMD) of fluoride neurotoxicity for humans. Here, we address the question, why it is problematic to calculate BMDs based on the currently available data. Briefly, the conclusions of the available studies are not homogeneous, reporting negative as well as positive results; moreover, the positive studies lack control of confounding factors such as the influence of well-known neurotoxicants. We also discuss the limitations of several further epidemiological studies that did not meet the inclusion criteria of our review. Finally, it is important to not only focus on epidemiological studies. Rather, risk analysis should consider all available data, including epidemiological, animal, as well as in vitro studies. Despite remaining uncertainties, the totality of evidence does not support the notion that fluoride should be considered a human developmental neurotoxicant at current exposure levels in European countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabine Guth
- Department of Toxicology, Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors (IfADo), Dortmund, Germany
| | - Stephanie Hüser
- Department of Toxicology, Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors (IfADo), Dortmund, Germany
| | - Angelika Roth
- Department of Toxicology, Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors (IfADo), Dortmund, Germany
| | - Gisela Degen
- Department of Toxicology, Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors (IfADo), Dortmund, Germany
| | - Patrick Diel
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Sports Medicine, Institute of Cardiovascular Research and Sports Medicine, German Sport University Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Karolina Edlund
- Department of Toxicology, Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors (IfADo), Dortmund, Germany
| | | | - Karl-Heinz Engel
- Department of General Food Technology, School of Life Sciences, TU Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Bernd Epe
- Institute of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Tilman Grune
- Department of Molecular Toxicology, German Institute of Human Nutrition (DIfE), Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Volker Heinz
- German Institute of Food Technologies (DIL), Quakenbrück, Germany
| | - Thomas Henle
- Department of Food Chemistry, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Hans-Ulrich Humpf
- Institute of Food Chemistry, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Henry Jäger
- Institute of Food Technology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences (BOKU), Vienna, Austria
| | - Hans-Georg Joost
- Department of Experimental Diabetology, German Institute of Human Nutrition (DIfE), Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Sabine E Kulling
- Department of Safety and Quality of Fruit and Vegetables, Max Rubner-Institut, Federal Research Institute of Nutrition and Food, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Alfonso Lampen
- Department of Food Safety, Bundesinstitut für Risikobewertung (BfR), Berlin, Germany
| | - Angela Mally
- Department of Toxicology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Rosemarie Marchan
- Department of Toxicology, Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors (IfADo), Dortmund, Germany
| | - Doris Marko
- Department of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Eva Mühle
- Department of Toxicology, Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors (IfADo), Dortmund, Germany
| | - Michael A Nitsche
- Department of Psychology and Neurosciences, Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors (IfADo), Dortmund, Germany.,Department of Neurology, University Medical Hospital Bergmannsheil, Ruhr-University, Bochum, Germany
| | - Elke Röhrdanz
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, Federal Institute for Drugs and Medical Devices (BfArM), Bonn, Germany
| | - Richard Stadler
- Institute of Food Safety and Analytic Sciences, Nestlé Research Centre, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Christoph van Thriel
- Department of Toxicology, Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors (IfADo), Dortmund, Germany
| | | | - Rudi F Vogel
- Lehrstuhl für Technische Mikrobiologie, TU Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Edmund Wascher
- Department of Ergonomics, Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors (IfADo), Dortmund, Germany
| | - Carsten Watzl
- Department of Immunology, Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors (IfADo), Dortmund, Germany
| | - Ute Nöthlings
- Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Nutritional Epidemiology, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms University Bonn, Bonn, Germany.
| | - Jan G Hengstler
- Department of Toxicology, Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors (IfADo), Dortmund, Germany.
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Chou CY, Shu KH, Chen HC, Wang MC, Chang CC, Hsu BG, Chen TW, Chen CL, Huang CC. Urine phthalate metabolites are associated with urothelial cancer in chronic kidney disease patients. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 273:127834. [PMID: 33077191 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.127834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Revised: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/26/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) is one of the most widely used phthalates and is associated with breast cancer. Ths association between DEHP and other types of cancer is not clear. DEHP may increase matrix metalloproteinase-9 that is critical for the development of urothelial cancer (UC). We examined the association between urinary phthalate metabolites and UC. CKD patients were selected as a control group because CKD patients are more at risk of UC than the general population. METHODS In this cross-sectional study, we measured seven urinary phthalate metabolites that are abundant and can be measured using HPLC-MS/MS in Taiwan CKD patients between Jul 2013 and Dec 2015. MiBP (a urinary metabolite of Dibutyl phthalates[DBP]) and MEHHP (a urinary metabolite of DEHP) were described because they are the most abundant phthalate metabolites. The association of phthalate (log-transformed) and UC were analyzed using logistic regression with adjustments for age, gender, renal function, use of traditional Chinese medicine, toxins (dye, organic solvent), and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. RESULTS We measured the urinary MEHHP and MiBP of 496 patients (224 UC and 272 CKD patients). The urinary MEHHP was associated with UC but MiBP was not. Medical history including the use of non-steroid anti-inflammatory drugs, exposure to environmental toxins (dye, paint, and organic solvent), and the use of traditional Chinese medicine was independently associated with UC. The adjusted odds ratio of MEHHP was 1.42 (95% confidence interval: 1.21-1.68). CONCLUSION Phthalate urinary metabolite(MEHHP) may be associated with UC in CKD patients and the association is independent of well-known risk factors of UC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Che-Yi Chou
- Division of Nephrology and Kidney Institute, Department of Internal Medicine, China Medical University and Hospitals, Taichung, Taiwan; College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Division of Nephrology, Asia University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Post-baccalaureate Veterinary Medicine, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Hsiung Shu
- Division of Nephrology, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Chun Chen
- Division of Nephrology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Cheng Wang
- Division of Nephrology, Cheng Kung University Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Chu Chang
- Division of Nephrology, Changhua Christian Hospital, Chang Hua, Taiwan
| | - Bang-Gee Hsu
- Division of Nephrology, Buddhist Tzu Chi General Hospital, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Tzen-Wen Chen
- Division of Nephrology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | - Chiu-Ching Huang
- Division of Nephrology and Kidney Institute, Department of Internal Medicine, China Medical University and Hospitals, Taichung, Taiwan; College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.
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Padmanabhan V, Song W, Puttabyatappa M. Praegnatio Perturbatio-Impact of Endocrine-Disrupting Chemicals. Endocr Rev 2021; 42:295-353. [PMID: 33388776 PMCID: PMC8152448 DOI: 10.1210/endrev/bnaa035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The burden of adverse pregnancy outcomes such as preterm birth and low birth weight is considerable across the world. Several risk factors for adverse pregnancy outcomes have been identified. One risk factor for adverse pregnancy outcomes receiving considerable attention in recent years is gestational exposure to endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs). Humans are exposed to a multitude of environmental chemicals with known endocrine-disrupting properties, and evidence suggests exposure to these EDCs have the potential to disrupt the maternal-fetal environment culminating in adverse pregnancy and birth outcomes. This review addresses the impact of maternal and fetal exposure to environmental EDCs of natural and man-made chemicals in disrupting the maternal-fetal milieu in human leading to adverse pregnancy and birth outcomes-a risk factor for adult-onset noncommunicable diseases, the role lifestyle and environmental factors play in mitigating or amplifying the effects of EDCs, the underlying mechanisms and mediators involved, and the research directions on which to focus future investigations to help alleviate the adverse effects of EDC exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Wenhui Song
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
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Sharma P, Chadha P. Bisphenol A induced toxicity in blood cells of freshwater fish Channa punctatus after acute exposure. Saudi J Biol Sci 2021; 28:4738-4750. [PMID: 34354462 PMCID: PMC8324972 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2021.04.088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Revised: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The widespread use of bisphenol A (BPA) has led to its ubiquity in the natural environment. It is extensively incorporated into different industrial products and is associated with deleterious health effects on both public and wildlife. The current trial was conducted to determine the toxic potential of bisphenol A using various parameters viz haematological, biochemical, and cytological in freshwater fish Channa punctatus. For this purpose, fish were exposed to 1.81 mg/l (1/4 of LC50) and 3.81 mg/l (1/2 of LC50) of BPA along with positive (acetone) and negative controls (water) for 96 h. The blood samples were collected at 24, 48, 72, and 96 h post-exposure. Compared to the control group, fish after acute exposure to BPA showed a significant decrease in HB content, number of red blood cells, PCV values whereas a significant increase in WBCs count was recorded with an increase in the exposure period. Besides, oxidative stress (determined as malondialdehyde content) increased as BPA concentration increased. Further, the activity of different antioxidant enzymes like catalase, and superoxide dismutase decreased significantly after treatment. Results also showed significantly increased frequency of morphological alterations, nuclear changes, and increased DNA damage potential of BPA in red blood cells. Further structural analysis of erythrocytes in maximally damaged group using Scanning Electron Microscopy was performed. The study concludes that BPA exhibits genotoxic activity and oxidative stress could be one of the mechanisms leading to genetic toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prince Sharma
- Department of Zoology, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab 143005, India
| | - Pooja Chadha
- Department of Zoology, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab 143005, India
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Padmanabhan V, Moeller J, Puttabyatappa M. Impact of gestational exposure to endocrine disrupting chemicals on pregnancy and birth outcomes. ADVANCES IN PHARMACOLOGY (SAN DIEGO, CALIF.) 2021; 92:279-346. [PMID: 34452689 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apha.2021.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
With the advent of industrialization, humans are exposed to a wide range of environmental chemicals, many with endocrine disrupting potential. As successful maintenance of pregnancy and fetal development are under tight hormonal control, the gestational exposure to environmental endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDC) have the potential to adversely affect the maternal milieu and support to the fetus, fetal developmental trajectory and birth outcomes. This chapter summarizes the impact of exposure to EDCs both individually and as mixtures during pregnancy, the immediate and long-term consequences of such exposures on the mother and fetus, the direct and indirect mechanisms through which they elicit their effects, factors that modify their action, and the research directions to focus future investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jacob Moeller
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
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Watkins DJ, Meeker JD, Tamayo-Ortiz M, Sánchez BN, Schnaas L, Peterson KE, Téllez-Rojo MM. Gestational and peripubertal phthalate exposure in relation to attention performance in childhood and adolescence. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2021; 196:110911. [PMID: 33640497 PMCID: PMC8119354 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.110911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2020] [Revised: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The prevalence of Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) has been increasing. Research suggests that exposure to endocrine disrupting chemicals such as phthalates may play a role, but studies of in utero phthalate exposure and ADHD-related symptoms beyond early childhood are limited. We investigated associations between measures of in utero phthalate exposure and ADHD symptoms, such as inattention and impulsivity, in childhood (age 6-11 years, n = 221) and in adolescence (age 9-18 years, n = 200), as well as cross-sectional relationships between phthalate exposure and ADHD symptoms in adolescence (n = 491) among participants in the Early Life Exposure in Mexico to Environmental Toxicants (ELEMENT) cohort. Women provided urine samples up to three times during pregnancy and adolescents provided a urine sample at 9-18 years of age for phthalate metabolite measurement. We administered the Conners' Continuous Performance Test (CPT) when children were age 6-11 years and again at 9-18 years of age. We used multivariable linear regression to examine associations between the geometric mean of phthalate metabolite levels across pregnancy and CPT scores in childhood or adolescence separately, adjusting for age, years schooling (at 9-18 only), maternal education, and specific gravity. Although average in utero phthalate concentrations were not associated with CPT scores in childhood, interquartile range (IQR) increases of in utero MBzP, MCPP, and MBP were associated with 4.2%, 4.7%, and 4.5% (p < 0.05) higher Omissions scores in adolescence, respectively, indicating higher inattention. In utero MiBP levels were also associated with higher Inter-Stimulus Interval (ISI) and Variability scores (5.4% and 5.5% per IQR, p < 0.05) in adolescence. In addition, urinary DEHP metabolite levels during adolescence were cross-sectionally associated with poorer scores on several CPT indices indicating greater inattention. These findings suggest that in utero phthalate exposure may have adverse effects on attention, but these effects may not appear until adolescence, a period of extensive neurodevelopment. Future research investigating the long-term effects of in utero phthalate exposure on attention and ADHD in adolescence, as well as identification of potential mechanisms involved, is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deborah J Watkins
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
| | - John D Meeker
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Marcela Tamayo-Ortiz
- National Council of Science and Technology, National Institute of Public Health, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Brisa N Sánchez
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Drexel Dornsife School of Public Health, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Lourdes Schnaas
- National Institute of Perinatology, ABC Hospital, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Karen E Peterson
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Department of Nutritional Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Martha María Téllez-Rojo
- Center for Nutrition and Health Research, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Mexico
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Associations between Prenatal Exposure to Phthalates and Timing of Menarche and Growth and Adiposity into Adulthood: A Twenty-Years Birth Cohort Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18094725. [PMID: 33946657 PMCID: PMC8125681 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18094725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Revised: 04/24/2021] [Accepted: 04/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Phthalates are ubiquitous environmental chemicals with endocrine disrupting properties and potentially obesogenic effects. We hypothesised that antenatal phthalate exposure may influence growth and adiposity patterns in girls through childhood into adolescence. Among 1342 Raine Study singleton females, 462 had maternal serum and at least one outcome available up to 20 years of age. Individuals’ maternal serum collected at 18 and 34 weeks gestation was pooled and analyzed for concentrations of 32 metabolites of 15 phthalate diesters. Cox regression and linear models were used to determine associations between maternal phthalate levels and age at menarche, change in height and weight z-scores between birth and two years, height from birth to 20 years, BMI from two to 20 years, deviation from mid-parental height at age 20 and DEXA scan measures at age 20. Weak negative associations were detected with some phthalate metabolites and change in height and weight z-score during infancy. Weak positive associations between some of the high molecular weight phthalate metabolites and height z-score were detected during childhood. While still within the normal range, age at menarche was slightly delayed in girls with higher prenatal exposure to the higher molecular weight phthalate metabolites. We derived some associations between prenatal phthalate exposure with early growth patterns and age at menarche.
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Tao C, Fan Y, Niu R, Li Z, Qian H, Yu H, Xu Q, Xu Q, Lu C. Urinary polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and sex hormones in children and adolescents: Evidence from NHANES. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 216:112215. [PMID: 33862438 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.112215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Revised: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Evidences showed that polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) do harm to human body. However, the association between PAHs and sex hormones in children and adolescents remains unclear. OBJECTIVES The study aims to investigate the associations between PAHs and sex hormones in the general children and adolescent population. METHODS 967 participants aged 6-19 with complete data of PAHs exposure biomarkers, covariates and sex hormones [total testosterone (TT), estradiol (E2) and sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG)] were recruited from National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), 2013-2016. Free androgen index (FAI) was calculated with TT/SHBG. Multivariate linear regression models were performed in six subgroups (male children, male adolescents, male late adolescents, female children, female adolescents and female late adolescents) to estimate the associations between sex hormone alterations and PAHs exposure. RESULTS In male puberty adolescents, weighted multivariate linear regression indicated that negative trends for 2-Hydroxynaphthalene, 1-Hydroxyphenanthrene, 2&3-Hydroxyphenanthrene and E2 (2-Hydroxynaphthalene: β: -0.104, 95%CI: -0.180, -0.029, P < 0.01; 1-Hydroxyphenanthrene: β: -0.112, 95%CI: -0.206, -0.018, P = 0.019; 2&3-Hydroxyphenanthrene: β: -0.125, 95%CI: -0.232, -0.018, P = 0.022), while exposure to 2-Hydroxynaphthalene was related to TT reduction (β: -0.099, 95%CI: -0.177, -0.020, P = 0.014). Same pattern between 2&3-Hydroxyphenanthrene and E2 alteration (2&3-Hydroxyphenanthrene: β: -0.139, 95%CI: -0.236, -0.041, P < 0.01) was also observed in male late adolescents. In male children, we determined that 1-Hydroxyphenanthrene was negatively associated with SHBG (β: -0.121, 95%CI: -0.205, -0.037, P < 0.01), while the same patterns were observed in male puberty children. We did not observe any significant result in female subgroups. All these results above were determined to have q value < 0.05. CONCLUSION PAHs exposure was associated with the alterations of sex hormones in male adolescents and children. Considering the cross-sectional study design, further large-scale epidemiological study is necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengzhe Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China; Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Yun Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China; Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Rui Niu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China; Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China; Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Zhi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China; Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Hong Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China; Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Hao Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China; Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Qiaoqiao Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China; Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Qiujin Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China; Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China.
| | - Chuncheng Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China; Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China.
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Oskar S, Wolff MS, Teitelbaum SL, Stingone JA. Identifying environmental exposure profiles associated with timing of menarche: A two-step machine learning approach to examine multiple environmental exposures. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2021; 195:110524. [PMID: 33249040 PMCID: PMC8673778 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2020.110524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2020] [Revised: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Variation in the timing of menarche has been linked with adverse health outcomes in later life. There is evidence that exposure to hormonally active agents (or endocrine disrupting chemicals; EDCs) during childhood may play a role in accelerating or delaying menarche. The goal of this study was to generate hypotheses on the relationship between exposure to multiple EDCs and timing of menarche by applying a two-stage machine learning approach. METHODS We used data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) for years 2005-2008. Data were analyzed for 229 female participants 12-16 years of age who had blood and urine biomarker measures of 41 environmental exposures, all with >70% above limit of detection, in seven classes of chemicals. We modeled risk for earlier menarche (<12 years of age vs older) with exposure biomarkers. We applied a two-stage approach consisting of a random forest (RF) to identify important exposure combinations associated with timing of menarche followed by multivariable modified Poisson regression to quantify associations between exposure profiles ("combinations") and timing of menarche. RESULTS RF identified urinary concentrations of monoethylhexyl phthalate (MEHP) as the most important feature in partitioning girls into homogenous subgroups followed by bisphenol A (BPA) and 2,4-dichlorophenol (2,4-DCP). In this first stage, we identified 11 distinct exposure biomarker profiles, containing five different classes of EDCs associated with earlier menarche. MEHP appeared in all 11 exposure biomarker profiles and phenols appeared in five. Using these profiles in the second-stage of analysis, we found a relationship between lower MEHP and earlier menarche (MEHP ≤ 2.36 ng/mL vs >2.36 ng/mL: adjusted PR = 1.36, 95% CI: 1.02, 1.80). Combinations of lower MEHP with benzophenone-3, 2,4-DCP, and BPA had similar associations with earlier menarche, though slightly weaker in those smaller subgroups. For girls not having lower MEHP, exposure profiles included other biomarkers (BPA, enterodiol, monobenzyl phthalate, triclosan, and 1-hydroxypyrene); these showed largely null associations in the second-stage analysis. Adjustment for covariates did not materially change the estimates or CIs of these models. We observed weak or null effect estimates for some exposure biomarker profiles and relevant profiles consisted of no more than two EDCs, possibly due to small sample sizes in subgroups. CONCLUSION A two-stage approach incorporating machine learning was able to identify interpretable combinations of biomarkers in relation to timing of menarche; these should be further explored in prospective studies. Machine learning methods can serve as a valuable tool to identify patterns within data and generate hypotheses that can be investigated within future, targeted analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabine Oskar
- Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Mary S Wolff
- Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Susan L Teitelbaum
- Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jeanette A Stingone
- Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY, USA
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Henderson AL, Colaiácovo MP. Exposure to phthalates: germline dysfunction and aneuploidy. Prenat Diagn 2021; 41:610-619. [PMID: 33583068 DOI: 10.1002/pd.5921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Revised: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Epidemiological studies continue to reveal the enduring impact of exposures to environmental chemicals on human physiology, including our reproductive health. Phthalates, a well characterized class of endocrine disrupting chemicals and commonly utilized plasticizers, are among one of the many toxicants ubiquitously present in our environment. Phthalate exposure has been linked to increases in the rate of human aneuploidy, a phenomenon that is detected in 0.3% of livebirths resulting in genetic disorders including trisomy 21, approximately 4% of stillbirths, and over 35% of miscarriages. Here we review recent epidemiological and experimental studies that have examined the role that phthalates play in germline dysfunction, including increases in apoptosis, oxidative stress, DNA damage, and impaired genomic integrity, resulting in aneuploidy. We will further discuss subject variability, as it relates to diet and polymorphisms, and the sexual dimorphic effects of phthalate exposure, as it relates to sex-specific targets. Lastly, we discuss some of the conserved effects of phthalate exposure across humans, mammalian models and nonmammalian model organisms, highlighting the importance of using model organisms to our advantage for chemical risk assessment and unveiling potential mechanisms that underlie phthalate-induced reproductive health issues across species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayana L Henderson
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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The Association of Bisphenol A and Phthalates with Risk of Breast Cancer: A Meta-Analysis. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18052375. [PMID: 33804363 PMCID: PMC7967730 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18052375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Revised: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Background: Breast cancer is the most common cancer and the second leading cause of cancer-related death amongst American women. Endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs), especially bisphenol A (BPA) and phthalates, have adverse effects on human health. However, the association of BPA and phthalates with breast cancer remains conflicting. This study aims to investigate the association of BPA and phthalates with breast cancer. Methods: Correlative studies were identified by systematically searching three electronic databases, namely, PubMed, Web of Sciences, and Embase, up to November 2020. All data were analyzed using Stata 15.0. Results: A total of nine studies, consisting of 7820 breast cancer cases and controls, were included. The urinary phthalate metabolite mono-benzyl phthalate (MBzP) and mono-2-isobutyl phthalate (MiBP) were negatively associated with breast cancer (OR = 0.73, 95% CI: 0.60–0.90; OR = 0.75, 95% CI: 0.58–0.98, respectively). However, the overall ORs for BPA, mono-ethyl phthalate (MEP), mono-(2-ethyl-5-hydroxyhexyl) phthalate (MEHHP), mono-2-ethylhexyl phthalate (MEHP), mono-(2-ethyl-5-oxohexyl) phthalate (MEOHP), mono-(3-carboxypropyl) phthalate (MCPP), and mono-butyl phthalate (MBP) were 0.85 (95% CI: 0.69–1.05), 0.96 (95% CI: 0.62–1.48), 1.12 (95% CI: 0.88–1.42), 1.13 (95% CI: 0.74–1.73), 1.01 (95% CI: 0.74–1.40), 0.74 (95% CI: 0.48–1.14), and 0.80 (95% CI: 0.55–1.15), respectively, suggesting no significant association. The sensitivity analysis indicated that the results were relatively stable. Conclusion: Phthalate metabolites MBzP and MiBP were passively associated with breast cancer, whereas no associations were found between BPA, MEP, MEHHP, MEHP, MEOHP, MCPP, and MBP and breast cancer. More high-quality case-control studies or persuasive cohort studies are urgently needed to draw the best conclusions.
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Tyagi P, James-Todd T, Mínguez-Alarcón L, Ford JB, Keller M, Petrozza J, Calafat AM, Hauser R, Williams PL, Bellavia A. Identifying windows of susceptibility to endocrine disrupting chemicals in relation to gestational weight gain among pregnant women attending a fertility clinic. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2021; 194:110638. [PMID: 33359703 PMCID: PMC7946748 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2020.110638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Revised: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exposure to endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDC), such as phthalates and phenols, during pregnancy may be associated with excessive gestational weight gain (GWG), an important predictor of future health of the mother and the offspring. There is however a paucity of literature examining this association, and no study has accounted for the complex nature of EDCs exposure as a time-varying mixture of chemicals. OBJECTIVE We examined the association between trimester-specific EDCs mixture and GWG in pregnant women attending a fertility clinic, to identify windows of susceptibility to such exposures, and assess the individual contribution of each chemical over pregnancy. METHODS We included 243 pregnant women from the Environment and Reproductive Health (EARTH) Study, who provided up to 3 urine samples (one per trimester), and with available data on GWG. Urinary concentrations of 7 phthalate metabolites, bisphenol A, and 2 parabens, corrected for specific gravity, were included in the analysis. The association between trimester-specific EDCs mixture and GWG was evaluated using multiple regression models - categorizing exposures into concentration quartiles- and with Bayesian Kernel Machine Regression (BKMR), while adjusting for potential confounders. Hierarchical BKMR (hBKMR) was used to account for the time-varying nature of chemical concentrations over pregnancy, identifying the most important trimester and most important EDC within each trimester. RESULTS During 1st trimester, higher GWG was observed at higher sum of metabolites of di (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (ΣDEHP) from both multiple regression (e.g. comparing the 4th quartile with the 1st: β = 2.36 kg, 95% CI: 0.47, 5.19) and BKMR. During 2nd and 3rd trimesters, positive associations with mono-n-butyl phthalate and propylparaben, and negative with ΣDEHP and methylparaben were observed. When evaluating exposures as a time-varying mixture with hBKMR, 1st trimester was the most important exposure window when evaluating prenatal urinary EDCs in relation to GWG. Within the 1st trimester, urinary ΣDEHP, mono-isobutyl phthalate and propylparaben had the highest contribution in the positive association between the mixture and GWG. CONCLUSION We observed positive associations between urinary EDCs during pregnancy, especially DEHP metabolites, and GWG. Our results suggest the 1st trimester of pregnancy as the time window of highest susceptibility to the effects of EDCs on GWG, with potential indication for the design of public health interventions, informing prevention strategies for reducing sources of exposure at specific time points.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pooja Tyagi
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 677 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Tamarra James-Todd
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 677 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA; Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 677 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Lidia Mínguez-Alarcón
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 677 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Jennifer B Ford
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 677 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Myra Keller
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 677 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - John Petrozza
- Vincent Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Massachusetts General Hospital, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Antonia M Calafat
- National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 4770 Buford Hwy, Atlanta, GA, 30341, USA
| | - Russ Hauser
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 677 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA; Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 677 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA; Vincent Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Massachusetts General Hospital, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Paige L Williams
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 677 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA; Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 677 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Andrea Bellavia
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 677 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
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Exploring the Ability of Luminescent Metal Assemblies to Bind and Sense Anionic or Ionizable Analytes A Ru(phen) 2bipy-Based Dizinc Complex for Bisphenol A (BPA) Recognition. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26030527. [PMID: 33498435 PMCID: PMC7864177 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26030527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Revised: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The synthesis of a new RuII complex, in which the metal is coordinated by two 1,10-phenanthroline ligands and a 2,2′-bipyridyl unit linked, via methylene bridges in its 4 and 4′ positions, to two 1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane (cyclen) macrocycles ([Ru(phen)2L]2+) is reported. Protonation and ZnII binding by [Ru(phen)2L]2+ have been analyzed by potentiometric titration, evidencing the formation of mixed hetero-binuclear and hetero-trinuclear ZnII/RuII complexes. These complexes were tested as bis-phenol A (BPA) binders. Only the dizinc complex with [Ru(phen)2L]2+ is able to bind BPA in aqueous solution, affording a remarkably stable {Zn2[Ru(phen)2L]BPA(H−2)}4+ adduct at neutral pH, in which BPA is bound in its doubly deprotonated form to the two ZnII ions. BPA binding was found to quench the luminescence emission of the RuII(phen)2bipy core. Although the quenching effect is modest, this study demonstrates that appropriately designed dizinc complexes can be used for binding and optical sensing of BPA in water.
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